The Project Gutenberg EBook of Almost a Woman, by Mary Wood-Allen

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org


Title: Almost a Woman

Author: Mary Wood-Allen

Release Date: April 2, 2010 [EBook #31861]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ASCII

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALMOST A WOMAN ***




Produced by Meredith Bach, Katherine Ward, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
book was produced from scanned images of public domain
material from the Google Print project.)





[Illustration: Mary Wood-Allen, M. D.]




TEACHING TRUTH SERIES

ALMOST A WOMAN

By Mary Wood-Allen, M. D.


Author of "Teaching Truth"; "Almost a Man"; "Child-Confidence Rewarded;"
"Caring for the Baby"; "The Man Wonderful"; "Ideal Married Life;" Etc.


    "Standing with reluctant feet
    Where the brook and river meet,
    Womanhood and childhood fleet!

       *       *       *       *       *

    Like the swell of some sweet tune
    Morning rises into noon,
    May glides onward into June."

                                  --Longfellow.


    "Earth's noblest thing, a woman perfected."

                        --James Russell Lowell.


  PUBLISHED BY
  THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO.
  Cooperstown, N. Y.
  1911

  Copyrighted by
  CRIST, SCOTT & PARSHALL
  1907

  All Rights Reserved.
  Entered at Stationer's Hall.




CONTENTS.


  Prelude.                                                           5
  Chapter I.                                                         9
  Chapter II.                                                       29
  Chapter III.                                                      38
  Chapter IV.                                                       69




PRELUDE.


Mr. Wayne, glancing out of the window, saw some one passing down the
front steps. Suddenly a look of recognition came into his face, and he
turned to his wife with the exclamation, "I declare, Mary, our daughter
Helen is almost a woman, isn't she?"

"Yes," replied Mrs. Wayne, coming to his side and watching the slender
figure going down the street. Her face bore a look of motherly pride,
but she sighed, as she said,

"Yes, Time and Death are equally inexorable; they both take our babies
from us."

"But not after the same fashion," replied Mr. Wayne. "Death takes them
from our sight, where we cannot witness their growth and development,
cannot know into what beauty they have blossomed."

"Still," said Mrs. Wayne, "we do not recognize the changes Time makes
until they are accomplished. So gradually does the blossom unfold that
there is no day to which we can point as the day on which the bud became
the full blown flower. On what day did Helen cease to be a baby and
become a child? On what day will she cease to be a child and become a
woman?"

"We will know when the actual physical change takes place, but even
after that I trust there will remain to us something of our little girl.
I do not like to think of her approaching the sentimental age. How old
is she?"

"Thirteen."

"Well, we need have no present fear of a sudden development of
sentimentality."

"Fortunately, no," replied Mrs. Wayne, "though many a mother of girls no
older than Helen is troubled with the question of beaux. Helen, however,
has had the good fortune to have for friends boys who seemed to enjoy
her comradeship, and I have been very careful not to suggest that their
relation could possibly border on the sentimental. So far, she has been
perfectly obedient and ever ready to adopt my ideas on all subjects. We
have been such close friends that I believe I am acquainted with her
inmost thoughts, and if she had felt any romantic emotions I believe she
would have confessed them to me."

"Happy mother!" said Mr. Wayne approvingly, "I wish all girls found in
their mothers their closest friends and confidants. By the way, you have
always talked freely to her about life's mysteries; have you explained
her approaching womanhood to her?"

"Not yet," was the reply. "Perhaps I have been a little unwilling to
believe that she is really nearing that crisis. I cannot bear to lose
my little girl," and Mrs. Wayne looked into her husband's face, smiling
through her tears.

"Yes, I can understand that," he said, "and yet we believe that only
through the normal development of her physical nature can she be the
'woman perfected.' I beg of you not to postpone your instruction too
long. I am more and more convinced that right knowledge not only
safeguards purity, but really produces true modesty. To give a young
person a reverent knowledge of self is to insure that delicacy of
thought which preserves the bloom of modesty. If the girls who are
engaged in street flirtations could only be taught the lesson of true
womanhood, I am sure they would become quiet and lady-like in conduct. I
would rather lose my little girl altogether than have her fall into this
error. You have no hesitancy about speaking to her?"

"Not in the least. But I have thought that perhaps she would indicate by
some question that her mind was becoming ready for the disclosure. It
always seems to me that to force information before the mind is ready to
receive it, is to jeopardize its reception."

"Don't wait, Mary. You risk too much by allowing some one else the
opportunity to give her the knowledge with the taint of evil suggestion."

"You are right,--and I could not bear that anyone else should explain to
her all these mysteries. I have always been her teacher and I will not
relinquish that privilege. I will seize the very first that will allow
us uninterrupted time.

"But do you not think that you as a father should have some part in this
blessed work of guiding our daughter? I believe that it will be most
helpful to her to get the man's view on the problems of her life. You
know, one never gets a true perspective of material objects with only
one eye; and I believe this is equally true of life. I can give her the
woman's view, but she needs to know also how men look upon life. She
will be better able to judge of the right or wrong of conduct if she
knows that my view is supported by your own."

"You are right, as usual," replied Mr. Wayne smiling, "and you may rest
assured that I will always be glad to supplement your counsel by my
own."




Almost a Woman

CHAPTER I.


"Mother." The clear girlish voice rang through the house with persistent
intensity but awakened no responsive call. Mr. Wayne, coming up the
steps, heard the repeated summons for "Mother" and sent out his
answering cry, "Father's here." Quick, light steps answered his call and
an urgent young voice demanded, "Where's mother?"

"Mother has been called away for tonight, so you'll have to put up with
father."

"O, dear!" sighed the girl despondently.

"Is father such a poor substitute, then?" inquired Mr. Wayne in an
aggrieved tone.

"O, no," responded Helen, quickly. "You're usually as good as mother;
but there were some special things I wanted to ask her about this
evening. I suppose I can wait," she added, dolorously.

"Try me and see if I won't answer tolerably well. What are these weighty
problems?" drawing his daughter to his knee as he spoke.

"That's it," pouted Helen. "You always make fun,--mother doesn't."

"Pardon me, daughter, I had no intention of making fun. I only wanted
you to feel at home with me. It was a clumsy attempt, I'll admit, but
really and truly I would like to be in your confidence--to feel that you
trust me, too. I can't fill mother's place, I know, but I can do what
mother can't, I can give you the man's view of things, and that is
sometimes of great value for a girl to know."

"Yes," said Helen, snuggling down in her father's lap, for they were
great friends and she felt his sympathy. "I often wish we could know how
things look to other people. I know boys don't look at matters as girls
do, but we can't always tell just what they do think."

"That is true," replied Mr. Wayne, gravely. "I often think that if girls
knew just what boys say among themselves it would make them more careful
of their conduct.

"For instance, not long ago I was on a steamer where there was dancing.
I went into the smoking room, and there I heard the comments of the
young men. I am sure the girls had no idea how their dress, figures,
freedom and flirtatiousness were criticised and laughed at by these
young men, who seemed to them, doubtless, so very nice and polite. Of
course, these girls were mostly strangers to the young men and were
getting acquainted without introductions, probably thinking it fine
fun."

"Yes, father. I've heard some of the real nice girls talk about getting
acquainted in that way, and they seem to think it all right. Someway, it
never seemed quite nice to me."

"I hope not, my daughter. I should be sorry to have you form acquaintances
in that way. You never can tell what a man's character is by his clothes
or manners. Indeed, you may think you know a man pretty well, and yet be
mistaken. I suppose girls who are familiar with young men and allow
them liberties imagine that they are trustworthy. I sat in front of two
young men on a train not long ago. They appeared well and really were
nice, as boys go, but they had the usual boy's idea as to honor. They
were talking freely of the girls they knew, discussing their merits and
charms, saying that this one was soft and 'huggable,' that another was
sweet to kiss--"

"O, father!" exclaimed Helen, in a fury of surprise and anger. "They
didn't talk that way so that you could hear! And call the girls by name,
too?"

"Yes, they did, dear. Then after they had discussed several, who all
seemed to allow great freedom, they mentioned another name, and their
whole manner changed. 'Ah,' said one, 'there's no nonsense about her.
It's 'hands off' there every time and'--he went on, with great emphasis,
'that's the kind of a girl I mean to marry. A man doesn't want to feel
that his wife's been slobbered over by all the young men of her
acquaintance.'"

Helen hid her face on her father's shoulder. "How perfectly dreadful!"
she said. "They were not gentlemen."

"I'll admit that,--and yet the conduct of the girls in permitting such
freedom was really an excuse for their speaking so discourteously of
them. The girls had not maintained their own self-respect, and therefore
had not secured the respect of the young men. The girl who respected
herself compelled respect from them, and that is the idea I wish to
impress on your mind. Never expect any one to respect you more than you
respect yourself, nor to shield your honor if you have placed yourself
in their power."

"But, father," said Helen hesitatingly, "most of the girls and boys
think it no harm to kiss each other good night, and the girls say the
boys would be offended if a girl refused."

"They are mistaken. Of course, the boys like to have the girls think so;
but they don't talk that way among themselves, you may be sure."

"But, you see, father," urged Helen, hesitatingly, "they say they are
engaged, and that makes it all right."

"How long do they stay engaged?" asked Mr. Wayne. "Do they really
consider it a true engagement, to end ultimately in marriage, or is it
merely an excuse for freedom of association?"

"O, they're all the time breaking their engagements. I don't believe
they expect them to last very long. Now, there's Dora Ills. She's only
sixteen and she says she's been engaged four times, and when she breaks
the engagement she doesn't give back the ring. She's making a collection
of engagement rings, she says."

"It is very evident that she cannot have the highest respect for
herself. I knew of a girl whose sister had been engaged several times
and who said to her, 'Why, Lida, you've never been engaged yet, have
you?' And Lida replied, 'No, and I have made up my mind that I'll not be
one of your pawed-over girls.'

"Her expression was not an elegant one, but it showed that she respected
herself, and of course, she will be more truly respected by the young
men if she does not permit them to approach too closely. A girl is very
much mistaken if she fancies that a young man thinks more of her if she
lets him be familiar. On the other hand, it is always true that he
thinks more of her if she makes him feel that she is not to be
carelessly approached. As one boy said to me, 'Girls ought to know that
boys always want most that which is hardest to get.'"

"But, father, if it's so difficult for boys and girls to be together and
act as they should, wouldn't it be best to keep them entirely apart
until they are old enough to marry?"

"That is what they think in the old world, and girls are kept shut up
in schools and convents until they are grown; then their parents select
a husband for them, and after they are married they are allowed to go
into society. I am afraid our girls wouldn't like that,--they'd want to
select their own husbands."

"They could do that after they got out of school."

"My observation is that the girl who has been shut up away from young
men, is the very one who doesn't know how to act when she comes out of
school. She has very romantic ideas, and is quite apt to be misled by a
glittering exterior. She is less able to judge wisely or to guide her
own conduct judiciously than the girl who, having been educated with
boys, has less romantic ideas concerning them. No, I believe in
co-education and in the common social life for both sexes; but with it I
should ask that all young people should be taught to respect themselves
and each other, and to understand their responsibility to future
generations."

"And what is that responsibility? What have we young people to do with
future generations?"

"Just exactly what we older people once had. We didn't think of it in
our youth, but we can see now that even then we were creating our own
characters and at the same time the characters of our future children.
Now, I can see in you many of my own youthful characteristics. I can
understand why you find it hard to do things that I'd like you to do,
and easy to do some I'd rather you wouldn't do. And if, in the years to
come, you have a daughter, she will be apt to be largely what you are
now. All the efforts you make now to overcome your own faults are in
reality helping to overcome those faults for her also. Suppose the young
people knew and thought of these things; don't you think they would
judge more wisely of what they ought to do?"

"Why, yes, I know what I'd want my daughter to do, it seems to me, even
better than I could tell what I ought to do myself."

"Wouldn't that be a good way to decide your own conduct--to do only
those things which you'd be perfectly willing your daughter should do?"

"But, father, tell me why it's so much more important for girls to be
particular about what they do than for boys."

"It's not more important."

"Well, people seem to think it is. The other day Johnnie Webster was
going to a show and his little sister Carrie wanted to go, too, and he
told her it was no place for girls, and she said, 'Then it is no place
for boys'; and he said, 'But boys don't have to be as good as girls.'
And his father and mother both heard it and never said a word. They only
laughed."

"It is unfortunately quite a common idea that boys and men do not have
to be as good as girls and women; but it is not God's idea. He doesn't
have two standards of morals, and I think the time is coming when men
will be glad to live up to the highest level of purity."

"Don't you think it seems worse for girls to swear or drink or gamble
than for boys?"

"It does _seem_ worse, because we have had such high ideals for women;
but to God it must seem no worse, because he judges of us as _souls_,
not as men and women, and He has laid down only one rule of conduct for
all souls."

"I'd like to know how the idea ever grew that it was not so bad for men
to do wrong as for women."

"Perhaps we cannot now see all the reasons for this state of things, but
we can see at least one reason. Many, many years ago men bought their
wives, or took them by force from others, so they felt that they _owned_
their wives. Of course, each man liked to feel that his wife was above
reproach, that she really did belong to him; therefore, he held any lack
of fidelity as a great sin against himself. But he did not think that he
belonged to her. She had neither bought nor captured him, so she had no
power over him, except such as she could gain by her fascinations.

"Naturally, he didn't care to be bound by the same rigid ideas to which
he held her. He felt himself free to do what fancy dictated. The general
level of morals was low, so he followed the pleasures of sense, and the
wife could only submit, or try to be more fascinating to him than any
one else. But if he was great and influential or handsome, and was not
bound by any moral restraints, there would be other women desirous of
gaining his attentions and the material comforts he might be able to
give, and he would quite willingly think himself free to follow his
fancy without censure. In this way has grown up the double moral
standard, the pure woman holding herself to the strictest morality, and
men imagining themselves not so sternly held to the narrow path of
absolute purity.

"Women are not now slaves, bought as wives and valued for their personal
charms alone. They have intellectual power and moral force and social
influence, and they can, if they will, create the single moral
standard,--that is, the one high ideal for both men and women."

"O, father, do you think girls have as much power as that? It always
seems to me as if girls might be of value when they are grown up, but
that while we are girls we can't do much to make the world better."

"That is the mistake girls generally make, when in fact the most
important time of life is youth. It is while you are girls that you are
forming your own character, and at the same time you are helping to form
the character of the generations to come. You are of far more value to
the nation now, while you are young and can make of yourselves almost
anything you please, than you will be when you are old and your habits
are fixed. If girls all lived nobly and exacted noble conduct of all
their associates, boys as well as girls, it would not take long to
settle all questions of reform. Young men will be what young women ask
them to be, and that, you see, makes girls of great importance. Do you
remember what we were reading in Sesame and Lilies the other day about
woman's queenly power? Get the book and let us read it again."

Helen brought the book, and, finding the place, read:

"Woman's power is for rule, not for battle, and her intellect is not for
invention or creation, but for sweet ordering, arrangement and decision.
Her great function is Praise.

"There is not a war in the world, no, nor an injustice, but you women
are answerable for it, not in that you have provoked, but in that you
have not hindered. Men, by their nature, are prone to fight. They will
fight for any cause or none. It is for you to choose their cause for
them, and to forbid when there is no cause. There is no suffering, no
injustice, no misery in the earth, but the guilt of it lies with you.

"Queens you must always be: queens to your lovers: queens to your
husbands and sons: queens of higher mystery to the world beyond, which
bows itself and will forever bow before the myrtle crown and the
stainless sceptre of womanhood."

Helen leaned her head on her father's shoulder in silence. Then she
said, softly: "It makes me almost afraid to become a woman."

Mr. Wayne kissed his daughter tenderly, saying: "It is worthy your
highest ambition to be a noble woman. I would be glad to see you such an
one as is pictured in Lowell's poem of Irene. Would you like to read it
to me?"

Helen took the book from her father's hand and read.


IRENE.

    Hers is a spirit deep, and crystal-clear;
    Calmly beneath her earnest face it lies,
    Free without boldness, meek without a fear,
    Quicker to look than speak its sympathies;
    Far down into her large and patient eyes
    I gaze, deep-drinking of the infinite,
    As, in the mid-watch of a clear, still night,
    I look into the fathomless blue skies.

    So circled lives she with Love's holy light,
    That from the shade of self she walketh free:
    The garden of her soul still keepeth she
    An Eden where the snake did never enter;
    She hath a natural, wise sincerity,
    A simple truthfulness, and these have lent her
    A dignity as moveless as the center:
    So that no influence of earth can stir
    Her steadfast courage, nor can take away
    The holy peacefulness, which, night and day,
    Unto her queenly soul doth minister.

    Most gentle is she; her large charity
    (An all unwitting, childlike gift to her)
    Not freer is to give than meek to bear;
    And, though herself not unacquaint with care,
    Hath in her heart wide room for all that be--
    Her heart that hath no secrets of its own,
    But open as an eglantine full blown.
    Cloudless forever is her brow serene,
    Speaking calm hope and trust within her, whence
    Welleth a noiseless spring of patience,
    That keepeth all her life so fresh, so green
    And full of holiness, that every look,
    The greatness of her woman's soul revealing,
    Unto me bringeth blessing, and a feeling
    As when I read in God's own holy book.

    A graciousness in giving that doth make
    The small gift greatest, and a sense most meek
    Of worthiness, that doth not fear to take
    From others, but which always fears to speak
    Its thanks in utterance, for the giver's sake;
    The deep religion of a thankful heart,
    Which rests instinctively in heaven's clear law
    With a full peace, that never can depart
    From its own steadfastness;--a holy awe
    For holy things,--not those which men call holy,
    But such as are revealed to the eyes
    Of a true woman's soul bent down and lowly
    Before the face of daily mysteries:
    A love that blossoms soon, but ripens slowly
    To the full goldenness of fruitful prime,
    Enduring with a firmness that defies
    All shallow tricks of circumstance and time,
    By a sure insight knowing where to cling,
    And where it clingeth never withering:
    These are Irene's dowry, which no fate
    Can shake from their serene, deep-builded state.

    In-seeing sympathy is hers, which chasteneth
    No less than loveth, scorning to be bound
    With fear of blame, and yet which ever hasteneth
    To pour the balm of kind looks on the wound,
    If they be wounds which such sweet teaching makes,
    Giving itself a pang for others' sakes:
    No want of faith, that chills with sidelong eye,
    Hath she; no jealousy, no Levite pride
    That passeth by upon the other side:
    For in her soul there never dwelt a lie.
    Right from the hand of God her spirit came
    Unstained, and she hath ne'er forgotten whence
    It came, nor wandered far from thence,
    But labored to keep her still the same,
    Near to her place of birth, that she may not
    Soil her white raiment with an earthly spot.

    Yet sets she not her soul so steadily
    Above, that she forgets her ties to earth,
    But her whole thought would almost seem to be
    How to make glad one lowly human hearth;
    And to make earth next heaven; and her heart
    Herein doth show its most exceeding worth,
    That, bearing in our frailty her just part,
    She hath not shrunk from evils of this life,
    But hath gone calmly forth into the strife,
    And all its sin and sorrows hath withstood
    With lofty strength of patient womanhood:
    For this I love her great soul more than all,
    That, being bound, like us, with earthy thrall,
    For with a gentle courage she doth strive
    In thought and word and feeling so to live.
    She walks so bright and heaven-like therein,--

    Too wise, too meek, too womanly, to sin.
    Like a lone star through riven storm-clouds seen
    By sailors, tempest-tost upon the sea,
    Telling of rest and peaceful havens nigh,
    Unto my soul her star-like soul hath been,
    Her sight as full of hope and calm to me;
    For she unto herself hath builded high
    A home serene, wherein to lay her head,
    Earth's noblest thing, a Woman perfected.

"That is a beautiful picture of what a girl may be, and I'd be glad to
see you making it your model."

"Yes," said Helen, slowly. Then, with more enthusiasm, "You know,
father, I've always wished I were a boy. It seems so much grander to be
a man than a woman. A man's life is so much freer, and he can do so much
greater things, you know. Of course, I shall try to be a good woman,
but I wish women could do big things, the way men can."

"What wondrous things can men do that women can't do?" asked Mr. Wayne
with a smile.

"Oh," replied Helen, clasping her hands with enthusiasm, "just see what
men do. They build immense houses, and great bridges--Oh, they make the
world, and women just sit in the house and look on. I'd like to _do_
something."

Mr. Wayne smoothed back the hair from the forehead of his enthusiastic
daughter with a tender smile, as he replied, "It does seem on the
surface as if men did greater things than women, but it is only seeming,
my dear. It is just as grand a thing to be a woman as to be a man. True,
woman's work does not show on the surface so plainly, but she works with
more enduring material than does man in creating the world of things. We
can see the great works of man's hands and they impress us with a sense
of his power; but it is _mind_ that does the real work, and women have
_minds_, or _are_ minds, you know."

"Yes, I know, but they must devote their minds to cooking and
dishwashing."

"I have seen women doing other things. In the old world I saw women
digging ditches, carrying brick and mortar to the top of high buildings,
ploughing in the fields; in fact, working just like men. The great
buildings of the World's Exposition erected in Vienna in 1873, were
largely the work of women's hands. You are not anxious to exchange
dishwashing for such work, are you?"

"O, no, indeed; but it is man who plans such work and superintends its
doing. A woman could not have planned Brooklyn bridge, for example."

"It is quite true that a woman did not plan it, but did you know that it
was completed under a woman's supervision?"

"No, was it? How did that happen? Tell me all about it."

"It happened this way. Mr. Roebling, who was superintending its
construction, was taken ill, and his wife took his place and personally
gave oversight to every part of the work until it was done. You see, her
being a woman did not prevent her doing the work. But if she had been
only a careless or an ignorant woman she could not have done it. It was
_mind_, you see, and cultured mind at that, which was the master power.
If she had not been working with him in making the plans, she could not
have worked for him in carrying them out. Instead of lamenting over your
sex, you would better rejoice in the fact that you are a _spirit_, and
realize that your power in all spheres of activity will be measured by
the cultivation of your mental and spiritual powers."

"But, father, even if I do cultivate my mind, I shall probably never
have an opportunity to do such a grand thing as help to build a Brooklyn
bridge."

"Probably not, but you can do a greater thing. You can fit yourself to
work on finer material than insensate stones. You can mould plastic
minds. It is a far greater thing to wield spiritual forces than to
manipulate inorganic matter."

"But, all men do not merely make _things_. There are great statesmen,
great soldiers, great writers."

"True, but you would not want to be a soldier, I am sure. To kill is not
a glorious profession. And to be a great statesman or writer is not
merely a question of sex; it is a question of mind."

"Do you think women have as much ability as men? Aren't men really
smarter than women?"

Mr. Wayne smiled at the girl's eagerness. "I do not compare men and
women to decide their relative ability," he answered. "I believe their
minds differ, but that does not imply that one is superior and the other
inferior. Each is superior in its own place."

"But men's minds are so much stronger, father. Women never can be on the
same level as men."

"Bring me two needles of different sizes from your work basket. Now,
tell me, which is superior to the other."

"That depends on what you want to do with them," replied Helen. "If you
were going to sew on shoe buttons, you'd use this big one. If you wanted
to hem a cambric handkerchief, you'd take this fine one."

"Just so. Each is superior in its special place, and both are necessary.
This is just as it seems to me in regard to the ability of men and
women. They are both minds; one strong, robust, enduring rough usage;
the other fine, delicate, going where the first cannot go, and therefore
supplementing it, and increasing the range of work that can be
accomplished. The fine needle might complain that it could not do hard
work, but do you think the complaint would be justifiable?"

"Why, no, I don't; but tell me what great things a woman can do--things
that are worth while, I mean; something besides keep house and take care
of children. It seems to me that merely to be a cook and nurse girl is
not a very high calling."

"She might be a chemist," suggested Mr. Wayne.

"Oh, yes, a few women might; but I mean something that I could be, or
other girls like me who have no special talent."

"There is a great need of scientific knowledge among women. Every
housekeeper needs to know something of chemistry. The woman who knows
the chemical action of acids and alkalies on each other will never use
soda with sweet milk, nor make the mistake of using an excess of soda
with sour milk. And every day, in a myriad of ways, her knowledge of
chemistry will be called into use."

"Then every woman should be a psychologist, most especially if she is to
have the care of children."

"O, father, you use such big words. Tell me just what you mean."

"I mean that the office of nurse or mother demands the highest study of
mental evolution. More big words, but I'll try to make you understand.

"It seems to you that any one can take care of a baby. But what is a
baby? Not just a helpless little animal, to be fed and clothed and kept
warm. A baby is a spirit in the process of development. From the moment
of birth it is being educated by everything around it; the very tones of
voice used in speaking to it are educating it. It is a great thing to be
President of the United States, but that president was once a baby. His
life depended on the way he was fed and cared for; his character was
largely created by the circumstances of his life; and his mental
powers--which he inherited from both parents--were in his babyhood and
early childhood largely under the training of some woman. That woman,
whether mother or nurse, had the first chance to develop him, to make
him worthy or unworthy. John Quincy Adams said, 'All I am I owe to my
mother,' and that is the testimony of many of earth's greatest men.
Garfield's first kiss after his inauguration was very justly given to
his mother.

"God has entrusted mothers with life's grandest work, the moulding of
humanity in its plastic stage. You have done clay modelling in school,
and you know that when the clay is fresh and moist you can make of it
almost anything you will, but when it has hardened it is past
remodelling. It is just the same with humanity. In babyhood the mind is
plastic; when one has grown to maturity, it is hard and unyielding. Man
makes _things_; woman makes _men_. Which is the greater work?"

Helen hesitated. "It seems very noble as you talk of it, to train a
child; but you know people don't feel that way. Mothers cuddle their
babies, to be sure, but men think caring for babies is beneath them.
They sneer at it as woman's work."

"Not all men, dear. Some of the great men of the world have spent years
in the study of infancy, realizing that to know how the baby develops
will enable them to understand better how to train it, and rightly to
train babies is in reality to make the nation."

Helen, leaning her head back on her father's shoulder, was silent for a
while, then she kissed him softly, saying, "Thank you, father dear. It
has been a beautiful talk together. I am sure it will help me to be a
better woman."




CHAPTER II.


"Well, daughter," said Mr. Wayne, as Helen and he were sitting by the
fire one Sabbath afternoon while Mrs. Wayne had gone to her room to
rest.

"Why,--" said Helen hesitatingly, "there is something I have been
thinking about, but I'm afraid you'll think it silly to ask you about
it. You'll think I ought to be able to decide it for myself."

"Nothing that is of enough importance to be a problem to my daughter is
silly to me. State your difficulty, and we'll see if we cannot clear it
away."

"Well, father, I'd like to know what you think about boys and girls
writing to each other. Of course, I don't mean the foolish notes they
send back and forth in school. I know that is silly, but I mean
correspond. You see, Paul Winslow and Robert Bates are going to move
away and they're asking the girls to correspond with them, and the girls
all say it will be great fun; but I don't know. You know, mother has
taught me that things that seem funny at one time don't seem so at
another, and I've been wondering if this is one of those things. When
Robert asked me if I'd write to him I said I'd ask mother, and he seemed
to get mad. He said if it was such a dangerous thing to correspond with
him that I had to ask my mother, he guessed I'd better not write to him.
I said I asked my mother about everything. And he said 'I suppose you
show her your letters,' and I said 'Of course,' and then he said he'd
excuse me from writing to him. The girls all said I was very foolish;
that it was perfectly right to correspond with boys you knew, and that
our mothers wouldn't want to be bothered to read all the letters we
received. But I know mother doesn't think it a bother, and I wouldn't
enjoy my letters if I didn't share them with her."

"You are certainly much safer to keep in confidence with your mother,"
said Mr. Wayne, "and I should say that a young man who didn't want you
to show his letters to your mother is one you wouldn't want to
correspond with. I should be afraid that he'd be one who would show your
letters to his boy friends and perhaps make fun of them."

"O, father! Do you think that? It seems to me that wouldn't be
honorable."

"Boys do not always have the highest ideals of honor, my dear. I
remember once, when I was young, I was camping with a lot of young
fellows. I think all of them were corresponding with girls, and these
letters were common property. They were read aloud as we gathered around
the camp fire in the evening; their bad spelling was laughed at and
their silly sentimentalities talked of in ways that I am sure would
have made the girls' cheeks burn with shame. They thought, of course,
that the boy they wrote to would keep their letters as sweet secrets. I
learned a good deal that summer about girls whom I had never seen. Some
of them I came to know afterwards, and I often wondered what they would
say if I should quote from their letters some foolish sentimentality
which they imagined no one knew about except the one to whom it was
written."

"Then, father, you'd say we ought never to correspond with boys?"

"No, I didn't quite say that. I can see that a friendly correspondence
might be helpful. It seems to me that girls and boys can be a great help
and inspiration to each other. I once had a girl correspondent who wrote
most charming letters, simple recitals of her daily life with some of
her little moralizings thrown in. Perhaps I would smile at them now, but
they surely helped me to have higher ideals and made me have a great
reverence for womanhood. There was one thing about her letters that I
thought strange then, but I now think it very wise. She always signed
every letter with her full name, never with her home pet name. I have
often thought of it, and I believe it is a good plan. Certainly, if you
knew that you would sign your full name to every letter, you would not
be as apt to write foolishly as if your identity would be hidden under
some nickname. And you never know what will become of your letters. A
few days ago I read in the newspaper some foolish letters written by a
girl to a man. She never imagined that any one else would read them. Yet
here they were, in print, and the whole country was commenting on them.
They were all signed by some soubriquet such as 'Your darlingest Babe,'
or 'Little Jimmy,' and under the shield of such a signature she no doubt
felt safe. But a dark tragedy tore away the flimsy protection and every
one saw all her foolishness and sin."

Helen shuddered. "I believe I'll make it a rule," she said, soberly, "to
write only such things in my letters that I'd be willing to have printed
over my own name."

"That's a good resolution, and I hope you'll keep it. You can feel quite
certain that if you don't want to sign your own name to your letter
you'd better not write it.

"There are a number of suggestions I would like to make to you along the
line of your association with young men," said Mr. Wayne, after a pause.
"You have had no experience as yet, but in a few years you will be a
woman and maybe then you'll have no father or mother to give you
counsel. As you know, I don't want to shut you away from the society of
young men, but I want you to know how to make it of the greatest
advantage to you and to them.

"Do you know, dear, that women and girls always make the moral
standards which maintain in the society of which they form a part?"

Helen shook her head doubtfully. "I don't see how that can be," she
said, "for everybody says that women are better than men; and I am sure
boys do lots of things that we girls would never think of doing."

"Very true," replied Mr. Wayne, "but that is because the men and boys
set higher standards for the women and girls than they in turn set for
the men and boys. No boy would be seen in the street with a girl who was
smoking a cigar; yet girls, good girls too, let boys smoke in their
company. No matter how immoral a man may be, he always demands that the
women who belong to him, his wife, mother, sister or sweetheart, shall
be pure and above reproach. He will even claim that a wife's misconduct
sullies his honor; but she never claims that his immorality is her
responsibility. She will even marry a man whom she knows to be
dissipated, foolishly trusting that her love will reform him. A broken
heart and degenerate children too often prove how seriously she has
failed. Yes, dear, I am right in saying that women are to blame that men
do not have higher ideals and live up to them. Ruskin says, 'The soul's
armor is never well set to a heart unless a woman's hand has braced it;
and it is only when she braces it loosely that the honor of manhood
fails.'"

"It's putting a great responsibility on women, isn't it?" sighed Helen.

"Yes, daughter, but no greater than is placed on man. Each sex should be
the protector and inspirer of the other. But instead of that, they often
tempt and mislead each other."

"Good girls don't tempt boys, father."

"I'm afraid that they do, dear. They may not be aware of what they are
doing, but nevertheless they may be sources of temptation."

"I really don't see how."

"Probably not, but I can tell you, for I remember my own youth and know
how girls may tempt boys unwittingly. When in college I was a boarder in
a family where there were several other students, and two or three
pretty High School girls. One of them was very coquettish, and was
always 'making goo-goo eyes,' at the boys, as they say now-a-days. She
couldn't talk in a straightforward manner, but always with sidewise
glances from downcast lids that seemed invitations to a nearer
approach.

"Among the students was one who was very retiring and bashful. He rarely
spoke to the girls and seemed quite embarrassed if they spoke to him.
This girl seemed to set herself to work to flirt with him. She would
glance up at him so appealingly that we boys couldn't help guying him
about it. One evening when she was plying her arts--not with evil
intent, but she loved to flirt and did not understand what that might
mean to a young man--all at once he seized her around the waist and
kissed her furiously. She was in a rage in a moment, and said some
pretty sharp things about his lack of gentlemanliness.

"He stood his ground without flinching. 'I'm as much of a gentleman as
you are a lady,' he said. 'I have let you alone, but you have been
tormenting me for weeks. You liked to try how far you could go, and
thought yourself virtuous because you felt no temptation. You didn't
care how you tempted me, or the other boys. You have tried your powers
in public. O, yes, you are too good to be sly! And so I determined to
give you a public lesson, and everybody here, I am sure, is thankful
to me for it. Now, perhaps, you will let us alone. We want to be good,
we want to treat all women with respect; yet, when you pretty
pink-and-white creatures smile and smirk and set us on fire, then you
say we are bad, we are not gentlemen. Maybe not. But we are men, and
we should find in you the true womanhood which is our salvation.'

"I can see him now, as he stood up so proudly, forgetting his
bashfulness in his righteous indignation,--and we all applauded him, I
am glad to say. The girl was offended with us all, and left the house
and sought another boarding place. In her stead came a real, true,
womanly girl. Full of fun, a real comrade, ready to join our sports, to
help us in every way possible, but always making us feel that we were
in honor bound to protect her from even a flirtatious thought. Every man
in the house was her friend, some of them, I am sure, her adorers, but
none ever ventured to approach her with familiarity. If she should meet
any of us to-day, she would not have to blush in the presence of her
husband and children at the memory of any happening of those days.

"This is the kind of a woman I want you to be, my daughter dear, a woman
realizing a woman's true place and power, as Ruskin says, 'Power to
heal, to redeem, to guide, to guard!' Just hand me the book and let me
read you a few words from his essay on War. 'Believe me!' he says, 'the
whole course and character of your lovers' lives is in your hand. What
you would have them be they shall be, if you not only desire but deserve
to have them so; for they are but mirrors in which you will see
yourselves imaged. If you are frivolous, they will be so also; if you
have no understanding of the scope of their duty, they will also forget
it; they will listen,--they can listen--to no other interpretation of it
than that uttered from your lips. Bid them be brave;--they will be brave
for you; bid them be cowards, and how noble soever they be, they will
quail for you. Bid them be wise, and they will be wise for you; mock at
their counsels and they will be fools for you, such, and so absolute is
your rule over them.' Isn't that a wonderful power that is in woman's
hands? And it is true, as he further says, just here: 'Whatever of the
best he can conceive, it is her part to be; whatever of the highest he
can hope, it is hers to promise; all that is dark in him she must purge
into purity; all that is failing in him she must strengthen into truth;
from her, through all the world's clamour, he must win his praise; in
her, through all the world's warfare, he must find his peace.'"

Helen sighed. "It is so much to ask," she said. "Has nothing been
written to the men, how they must help and protect women?"

Mr. Wayne smiled, as he kissed his little daughter and said, "Whatever
has been written for men I will keep to tell my son, and I trust it will
help him to reverence all womanhood."




CHAPTER III.


As Mrs. Wayne and her daughter sat at their window they saw a carriage
dash by containing a handsomely dressed woman. Shortly after a very
pretty girl passed the house, talking busily with a boy of her own age.

"How funny some mothers are," said Helen. "That was Mrs. Eversman who
rode by just now, and that's Corrinne, her daughter. Mrs. Eversman pays
no attention to Corrinne except to buy her pretty clothes, and scold her
for carelessness. Corrinne goes where she pleases. She has lots of
beaux, and when they call she won't let her mother come into the
parlor,--she says she doesn't want her 'snooping' around, and Mrs.
Eversman only laughs. She seems to think it smart. And, mother, Corrinne
has such lovely presents from boys and young men. And when she goes to
the theatre with a young man, she insists on having a carriage and
flowers and a supper afterward. She says no fellow need come around her
unless he has 'the spondulics,' she calls money."

"Poor child!" said Mrs. Wayne thoughtfully. "How little she understands
the purpose of life!"

"But she says she wants to have a good time," urged Helen.

"Surely," was Mrs. Wayne's reply. "Every girl is entitled to a good
time, but that does not of necessity consist of spending money. I should
think she wouldn't like to be under such obligations to young men."

"O, I guess she doesn't think she is under obligations. She thinks they
are under obligation to her for condescending to go with them. But,
mother, ought a girl let a young man spend money on her?"

"I hope, my dear, when you are old enough to go out with young men that
you will care too much for yourself to be willing to take expensive
gifts. A certain amount of expenditure is allowable. A few flowers, a
book, or a piece of music, but never elegant jewelry or articles of
clothing. That is not only bad taste but it is often a direct incentive
for young men of small salaries to be dishonest. Corrinne, and girls
like her, do not know how much they may be responsible for young men
becoming untrue to their business trusts, nor how much they might do to
strengthen young men in their purposes to be honest. You remember Aunt
Elsie and Uncle Harold. He is a man of means now, but he was once a poor
young clerk. He admired Elsie and wanted to show her every attention,
but she knew his salary would not permit extravagance; so when he first
asked her to go to some public entertainment, he said he would come with
a carriage at the appointed time. At once she said decidedly, 'Then I
will not go. It is not far. If it is a fine night, we can walk. If it
rains, we can go on the street cars. You may send me a few flowers, but
we will not have an opera supper nor indulge in needless carriages!' Of
course he objected, and urged that he could afford it. 'But I can't,'
was her reply. And years after, when they were married, he confessed
that it was a great relief to him to be able to take her about in ways
that suited his purse and yet have no fear of being thought mean. Now he
can buy her everything her heart can desire; but he acknowledges that he
might not have been able to withstand the temptation had she in her
younger days desired pleasures beyond his power honorably to provide."

"Mother," said Helen after a pause, as two girls passed the house with
their arms about each other's waists. "Don't you think it silly for
girls to be so 'spooney'?"

"I certainly think it is in bad taste for them to be so publicly
demonstrative, and I could wish that girls might be friends with each
other more as boys are. Now, there are Paul and Winfield. Surely no
girls ever thought more of each other than these two boys, and yet I
fancy we would smile to see them embracing each other on all occasions,
as Lucy and Nellie do."

"I should say so! I've heard Paul say, 'Old Chap,' or seen Winfield give
Paul a slap on the shoulder; but they are never silly and they've been
friends for years. But Lucy and Nellie have only been so 'thick' for a
few weeks, and they'll fall out pretty soon. Lucy is always having such
lover-like friends and then quarreling with them. Now, she and Nellie
are going to have a mock wedding next week. They call themselves husband
and wife even now,--isn't that silly?"

"It is worse than silly,--I call it wrong," replied Mrs. Wayne. "Such
morbid friendships are dangerous, both to health and morals."

"To the health, mother? I don't see how that can be."

"No, I doubt if you can, but I hope that you will believe me when I tell
you they are dangerous. When girls are so demonstrative, when they claim
to stand to each other as man and woman, you may feel assured that the
relation is unnatural and that the drain upon the nervous system is very
great. I once knew a girl who actually destroyed the health of a number
of girls in a school by such demonstrative friendships. She always had
one devoted friend who could not live without her. I have known a girl
to cry day after day and actually go home sick, because her friendship
with this girl was threatened. And it is said that another girl took her
own life from jealousy of this one.

"Friendship is a grand thing when it is true and worthy, but a morbid,
unnatural sentimentality does not deserve the name of friendship and I
should be very sorry to see you fall into the toils of a morbid,
unnatural relation with another girl. Yet I should be pleased to see
you having a sincere, womanly, noble affection for another girl, one
which would not waste itself in sentimentality but be able to rise to
heights of grand renunciation."

"I think I understand you, mother, and I promise you I will try to hold
the highest ideals of friendship."

Such talks as these brought mother and daughter into such close
companionship that Helen was not afraid to bring her mother the deepest
problems of her young life.

It was Saturday afternoon, and mother and daughter were sitting together
sewing. The rain was pouring, so that there was little fear of visitors,
and while Mrs. Wayne was discussing with herself how she could begin to
talk to her daughter of her approaching womanhood, Helen suddenly said,
"Mother, what is the matter with Clara Downs? She is going into
consumption, they say, and I heard Sadie Barker say to Cora Lee that it
was because Clara did not change into a woman. What did she mean? I
thought we just grew into women. Isn't that the way?"

"You didn't ask Sadie what she meant?"

"O, no, the girls acted as if they didn't want me to hear, and then, I'd
always rather you'd tell me things, for then I feel sure that I know
them right."

This little testimony of her trust in her mother furnished Mrs. Wayne
with the desired opportunity, and she said, "In order that you may
clearly understand Sadie's remark I shall have to make a long
explanation of how girls become women."

"Why, mother, don't we just grow into women?"

"Well, my dear, I shall have to say both yes and no to that question.
Girls do grow and become women, but women are something more than
grown-up girls. This house is much bigger than it was two years ago. Did
it just grow bigger?"

"Why, no, not exactly. There are no more rooms now than there were
before, but some rooms have been finished off and are used now, when
before they weren't used at all, and so the house seems bigger. But it
can't be that way with our bodies, for we don't have any new organs
added or finished off to make us women?"

"That is just what is done, my daughter."

"What! New organs added, mother? What can you mean?"

"I mean, dear, that your bodily dwelling is enlarged, not by the
addition of new rooms, but by the completing of rooms that have as yet
not been fitted up for use."

"I don't understand you, mother."

"I suppose not, but I hope to be able to make you understand. You have
studied your bodily house and know of the rooms in the different
stories, the kitchen, laundry, dining-room, picture-gallery and
telegraph office,--in fact, all the rooms or organs that keep you alive;
but there is one part of the house that you have not studied. There are
various rooms or organs which are not needed to keep you alive, and
which have, therefore, been closed. As you approach womanhood, these
organs will wake up and become active, and their activity is what will
make you a woman."

"Why, mother, it sounds like a fairy story, a tale of a wonderful magic
palace, doesn't it? And Clara Downs hasn't got these marvelous rooms?"

"Yes, they are there, but they are evidently not being finished off for
use. I think, however, the girls made the mistake of confounding cause
and effect. They say she is going into consumption because she does not
become a woman. I think she does not become a woman because she is going
into consumption. Do you know why we did not finish off these rooms in
our house sooner?"

"Why, father said he had not the money."

"That is right. He did not say that he did not have the money because he
did not finish off the rooms."

"My, no, that would have been absurd; but I don't see how that applies
to Clara?"

"It needed money to finish off our house; so it needs vitality to change
from girl to woman, and Clara seems not to have the vitality. She is
failing in health, hence she has not vital force to spend in completing
her physical development."

"But, mother, tell me more about this wonderful change. Where are the
new rooms and what is their purpose? I can't really believe that I have
some bodily organs that I never heard of. What are they and where are
they; when will they be finished off? I am all curiosity. Didn't we
study about them in our school physiology?"

"You have given me a good many questions to answer, little girl, and I
hardly know where to begin answering them.

"In your school physiology you studied all about the organs that keep
you alive. What did you learn about your bodily house? How many stories
is it?"

"Three stories high, and then there is a cupola on the top of all. I
like to think of the head as a cupola or observatory, resting on the
tower of the neck and turning from side to side as we want to look
around us."

"And what is the furniture in the different stories?"

"O, the upper story is called the thorax, and the one big room in it is
the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart and lungs. The next story
below is the abdominal cavity and it has a number of articles of
furniture, the liver, the stomach, the spleen, the bowels, etc. Then the
lower story is--O, I've forgotten what it is called."

"The lower story is called the pelvis."

"O, yes, and the pelvic cavity contains the reservoirs for waste
material. I remember you told me that once."

"That is right. The pelvic cavity contains the bladder, which is the
reservoir for waste fluid, and the rectum, the outlet for waste solids.
But it contains more than these. It is here in the pelvis that these
organs of which you have not heard are located. You remember when you
asked me about yourself and how you came into the world I told you of a
little room in mother's body where you lived and grew until you were
large enough to live your own independent existence. Did you ever wonder
where this room is?"

"Why, I never thought much about it. I guess I just thought it was in
the abdominal cavity. Isn't it?"

[Illustration]

"No, the room is a little sac that lies here in the pelvis. I can best
explain it to you by a picture. Here it is. You see it looks like a
pear hanging with the small end down. It lies just between the bladder
and the rectum, and a passage leads up to it."

"O, I see. Doesn't the bladder empty itself through that passage?"

"No, the outlet to the bladder is just at the very entrance to this
passage, but does not open into the passage at all. This passage is
called the vagina, and the little room has two names. One is Latin,
uterus; the other is Saxon, womb--it means the place where things are
brought to life. The Latin word is used by scientists, but the Saxon
word is used in the Bible and by poets. Do you remember when Nicodemus
came to Jesus that he was told he must be born again, and he said in
surprise, 'Can a man enter the second time into his mother's womb and be
born?'"

"O, I see now what he meant. I could not understand it before. Of
course, he knew that was impossible, and so he could not see what Jesus
meant."

"David says, 'Thou hast covered me in my mother's womb. I will praise
thee, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made.' Poets sometimes speak of
the womb of the morning, meaning the place where morning lies and grows
until it is ready to burst forth in beauty on the world."

"I like the Saxon word better than the Latin one, don't you?"

"Yes, but as scientists use the Latin word we shall use that, so that
we will know how to talk on these subjects scientifically. The uterus
hangs suspended by two broad ligaments (marked _ll_ in the picture).
There are also round ligaments from the back and front which hold it
loosely in place. On the back of each broad ligament is an oval body
called the ovary (marked _o_).

"Do you remember once seeing in a hen that Ellen was preparing for
dinner a great number of eggs of all sizes? That was the hen's ovary.
_Ovum_ means an egg, and _ovary_ means the place of the eggs."

"O, mother, women don't have eggs, do they? I don't like that."

"Well, if you do not like to use the word egg we can say _ovum_, which,
you know, is the Latin word for egg. The plural is _ova_. Or we may call
the _ovum_ the germ, which means the primary source. The ovum or germ is
a very tiny thing, so small that it cannot be seen without a microscope;
240 laid side by side would make only one inch in length."

"O, mother, that is wonderful."

"Yes, dear. The whole process of life is very wonderful and very
beautiful. The uterus and ovaries belong to what is called the
reproductive system. As I said, until now your vital forces have been
employed in keeping you alive. Your nutritive system, your muscular
system, your nervous system and so on, have all been busy taking care
of you only; but soon your reproductive system will awaken and begin to
take on activity."

"And what does that mean, mother?"

[Illustration: Ova.]

"It means that you are entering on what is known as the maternal period
of your life; are actually becoming a woman with all a woman's power of
becoming a mother."

"But you don't mean that a girl of fourteen could become a mother?"

"Yes, it might be possible; but no girl of fourteen should be a mother,
for she is not fully developed and her children will not be strong as if
she had not married until after she were twenty."

"But tell me, mother, all about it. I don't see now how the baby
grows?"

"Well, I was showing you the ovary in which are many ova. As the girl
nears the age of fourteen, these ova start to grow and once a month one
ripens and is thrown out of the ovary. It is taken up by the Fallopian
tube, marked _od_ in the picture, and it passes down the tube into the
uterus and through the vagina out into the world."

"Can one tell when it passes?"

"No, but there is a sign that this change has taken place. The uterus is
lined with a membrane in which are many blood vessels, and when the girl
has reached this stage of development and becomes a woman, the vessels
become very full of blood, so full that it oozes out through the walls
of the blood vessels into the cavity of the uterus, and when it passes
out of the vagina the girl becomes aware of it and knows that she has
become a woman.

"This process takes place once a month and is called menstruation, from
the Latin _mensum_, a month."

"Isn't it painful, mother?"

"It ought not to be and is not, if the girl is perfectly well. But
sometimes girls have dressed improperly and have displaced their internal
organs, or they have exhausted themselves with pleasure-seeking, or in
some other way have injured themselves, in which case they may suffer much
pain. When girls get about this age mothers are very anxious about them,
very desirous that they shall naturally and easily step over into the
land of womanhood."

"I should think that girls ought to be taught about themselves, so that
they would not do the things which injure them."

"I think they should, and that is why I am telling you all this to-day
so that when the change comes to you, you will not be frightened and
maybe do something from which you will suffer all your life long, as
many girls have done.

"The question of tight clothing becomes now much more important than
ever before. You can see at once that the restriction of the clothing
comes just over the part of the body where there is the least
resistance."

"Oh, yes, I remember about the seven upper ribs, that are fastened to
both spine and breast-bone; and the five lower ribs, that are fastened
directly only to the spine and are attached in front to the breast-bone
by cartilage; and the two floating ribs, lowest of all, and fastened
only to the spine. I have often wondered why the important organs of the
abdominal cavity should not have been better protected."

"It was needful to leave the front of the body covered only with
muscular structure, or it could not be bent and twisted about as we can
now bend it, and that would have hindered our activity. Just imagine
yourself going about encased in bone from your shoulders to your hips."

Helen laughed merrily. "I shouldn't like it," she said, "but that is
just what is done by the corset, and folks get used to that."

"Yes, they become accustomed to the pressure because the nerves lose
their sensitiveness and no longer report their discomfort to the brain;
but the injury continues, nevertheless."

"Mother, I wish you'd tell me just how tight clothing is injurious. So
many of the girls laugh at me because I don't wear a corset, and they
declare it does not hurt them. They all say they wear their clothes
perfectly loose and they think they prove it by showing me how they can
run their fists up under their dress waists."

"Certainly, that can be done even with a very tight dress, by just
pressing a little more air out of the lungs; but that is not a true
measurement. To learn if the dress is tight, one should unfasten all of
the clothing, draw in the breath slowly until the lungs are filled to
their utmost capacity. Then, while the lungs are held full, see if the
clothing can be fastened without allowing any air to escape. If it can,
then it is not tight; but if the lungs must be compressed, ever so
little, in order to allow the clothing to be fastened, it is too tight.
You see, the power we have to breathe is the measure of our power to do,
and to lessen our breathing capacity is to lessen our ability in all
directions.

"I saw a statement yesterday that will interest you. It was a recital of
an experiment made by Dr. Sargent on twelve girls in running 540 yards
in 2 minutes 30 seconds. The first time they ran without corsets and
their waists measured 25 inches. The pulse was counted before running
and found to beat 84 times a minute. Again, it was counted after
running and found to have risen to 152. The second run was made in the
same length of time, but with corsets on, which reduced the waist
measure to 24 inches. Pulse before running 84; after running 168,
showing the extra effort the heart was obliged to make because of the
restriction of the waist and consequent lessening of the breathing
power. He also found that the corset reduced the breathing capacity
one-fifth.

"Let me read you another little item:

"'Dr. Dickenson has been studying the pressure of the corset. He says
that in the ordinary breathing we have to overcome in the resistance and
elasticity of chest and lungs a force of 170 pounds. If the woman whose
waist measure is 27 inches wears a corset of the same size, so that her
waist is not compressed at all, there is added a force of 40 pounds. If
her natural waist measure is 27 inches and is reduced by the corset to
25-1/2 inches, the pressure is 73 pounds.'

"When Dr. Lucy Hall was physician at Vassar College, she made some
observations as to the mental powers manifested by those who wore and
those who did not wear corsets. In a graduating class in which there
were thirty-five girls, nineteen wore no corsets; eighteen members of
the class took honors, and of these thirteen wore no corsets; seven of
the class were appointed to take part in public on Commencement Day, and
six of these wore no corsets. All who took prizes for essays wore no
corsets; five girls were class-day orators, and four of these wore no
corsets; five had not missed a day in four years, and one had not missed
a day in six years. That speaks pretty loudly in favor of doing without
corsets, doesn't it?"

"Yes, indeed; but some of the girls care more for looks than for class
honors. They say a girl looks so queer without a corset."

"That is because we have set up false standards of beauty. If we examine
the finest statuary of all ages, we shall not find a single figure that
has been accustomed to tight clothing. The artist copies God's ideal
figure of the woman, not that of the fashion plate. You see, we have
become so accustomed to the deformed figure that we call it beautiful,
just as the Chinese woman thinks her deformed foot is beautiful."

"O, isn't it dreadful that the Chinese bind up the feet of the little
girls as they do?"

"It certainly is; but not as dreadful as that Christian women bind up
the vital parts of the body and prevent their working as they should.
One can live without feet, but one could not live without heart and
lungs and other vital organs, and can only half live when these organs
are cramped and crowded together so they cannot work properly. If we
were all truly artistic we would be pained at the sight of the small
waist, for we should know that it was procured at the expense of the
vital organs. You have heard of the statue of the Venus de Medici,
renowned as being the most beautiful representation of a woman's
figure?"

"O, yes, I have seen pictures of it."

"A certain English actress was called a model of loveliness in form and
feature. Some one has made a comparison between the two. Here are the
pictures and measurements:

[Illustration]

    Bust measure        36
    Waist               26
    Hip                 45

             Fig. 1

    Bust measure        38
    Waist               32
    Hip                 43

             Fig. 2

"You see how graceful the curves of the Venus (Fig. 2), how abrupt those
of the actress (Fig. 1), and yet to most people her figure looks the
more elegant. But I want to call your attention to the fact that to
create her figure is really to lose much space, and to crowd together
the important vital organs until their working power is greatly
hindered. This same actress has become enlightened and now says: 'Of
course, no woman can breathe properly in a tightly-laced corset. I am
horrified when I think of the way I used to compress my waist, and look
back at the pictures showing my hour-glass figure with positive
amazement.'

"Don't you think it strange that we never want little rooms with
furniture huddled close together, except in our bodily dwellings? The
Divine Architect has given us grand apartments, with all the machinery
harmoniously related, and we think we improve things by putting
everything into the closest possible quarters and disturbing the
harmony! But the damage is not done to the heart and lungs alone. The
liver is crowded out of place until it sometimes reaches clear across
the abdomen and is creased with ruts from the pressure of the ribs upon
it. The stomach is also pressed out of place. It belongs close up under
the diaphragm, but it is crowded by the pressure down until it lies in
the abdominal cavity, as low down, sometimes, as the umbilicus, six or
eight inches below where it belongs."

[Illustration: Showing how much space is lost by constriction of the
waist.]

"O, mother, that seems awful."

"It is awful, my dear, because the body is created to do certain work,
and to do that work well, its laws should be regarded. We would not
think of interfering with the works of a watch or a piano, because they
are valuable, but we do not hesitate to interfere with the more
valuable organs of our bodies, and we do not even think that we are
offering an insult to the Creator.

"But I have not told you yet of the evil effects in the displacement of
the bowels. Do you remember how many feet of intestines there are in the
body?"

"About twenty feet of small and about four feet of large intestines."

"And how are they held in place?"

"Why, I don't just remember."

"The small intestines are encased in a membrane called the mesentery. It
is just as if I folded this strip of cloth in the middle lengthwise and
put my finger inside of the fold. The small intestines lie in the middle
fold of the mesentery, and the edges of the mesentery are gathered up
like a ruffle and fastened to the spine in a space of about six inches,
leaving it to flare out like a very full ruffle. In this way, you see,
the intestines are left free, and yet cannot tie themselves in knots as
they might if but laid loosely in the abdominal cavity.

[Illustration: Fig. 1.--A natural figure and a normal pose.]

[Illustration: Fig. 2.--Corseted figure producing abnormal pose.]

"If the waist is constricted above them, they sink down and pull on this
attachment, and that often causes backache and inability to stand or
walk with comfort. It may also press the reproductive organs out of
place, and so cause much pain and suffering at menstruation.

"I am of the opinion that women were not intended to be invalids in any
degree because of their womanhood; and very likely there would be much
less flow at menstrual periods if women and girls lived in accordance
with Nature's laws."

"But, mother, you have not told me what this blood is for. It seems as
if it would not be necessary for women to go through such an experience
every month."

"Perhaps we do not fully know why it should be so, but we do know when
the little child is growing in its little room, the mother does not have
the menstrual flow; so we may suppose that it goes to nourish the
child."

"O, I see, and when not needed for the child, it just passes away."

"Yes, and every time this occurs it says to the woman that she is a
perfect woman, capable of all the duties of the wife and mother. This
thought should make her think very sacredly of herself."

For a few moments there was silence between mother and daughter, broken
only by the sound of the falling rain. At length Helen spoke. "Mother,
there is something I want to ask you about. You remember last summer,
when Mrs. Vale and Mrs. Odell called on you, I was in the library and
they did not see me. While they were waiting for you they began to talk
of Edith Chenowyth and of something dreadful she had been doing. They
called her a very bad girl. When you came in they spoke to you about her
and you said 'Poor child, I am sorry for her;' and they were quite angry
that you should pity her. Just before they left I made some slight
noise, and Mrs. Vale said, 'I hope no one heard what we've said,' and
you said, 'I hope not, I am sure.' So I thought you would not want me to
know of it or I should have asked you about what it all meant.

"Yesterday I heard some of the girls talking and one said, 'Did you know
that Edith Chenowyth had a baby last night? She is down at old Mrs.
Fein's. Her folks have turned her out of the house.' Then Clara Downs
said, 'Well, they ought to turn her out, acting as she has.' Then they
all said such dreadful things of her! And while they were talking, Cora
Lee came up and said, 'O, girls, I am an Auntie! My sister Ada had the
loveliest baby boy last night and my father gave her $500 because it is
his first grandson; and the baby's father opened a bank account in the
name of Charles Wyndham Bell. Ada is just as happy as she can be and we
are all so proud.'

"Now, mother, Ada Lee and Edith Chenowyth were in the same class at
school; they sang a duet together on the day of their graduation and
Edith was just as lovely as Ada. Now she has a baby and every one
scorns her, while Ada has one and she is honored and loved. I wish you'd
explain this to me."

"Well, my daughter, you see Ada is married and Edith is not."

"Yes, I know that; and yet that does not explain to me why a child
should be an honor to one and a disgrace to the other. I know people
think so, but I want to know why."

"In order to make you understand why, I shall have to take you back to
your lessons in botany. You recall how you learned there of the
reproduction of plants. You learned that the pollen must pass down the
style and fertilize the seed before it would grow; and you learned that
the stamen, anther and pollen were the male part of the plant and the
ovary, style and stigma the female part of the plant."

"Yes, and I remember that I thought it rather silly that in a school
book the plants should be spoken of as people, as if it were a fairy
story."

"And yet, my dear, it was only stating an actual fact, and was not, as
you fancied, a fairy story. There are really fathers and mothers among
plants; if there were not there could be no new plant life. In some
plants the male and female are united in the same flower; in other
plants there are male and female flowers, but all growing on the same
plant. In a third species all the flowers of one plant will be male, and
all of another plant will be female. The fertilization of plants is
very interesting, for the insects and the bees and the breezes often
carry the pollen of the male flowers to the female flowers, and so the
seeds are fertilized.

"When we come to study reproduction among the human race, we find the
same plan; in fact, we find it in all forms of organized life, plants,
animals and man. That is, there must be fathers as well as mothers.

[Illustration: SPERMATOZOA.]

"I told you of the germ or ovum that is produced by the ovary of the
woman. That ovum of itself could never become a new being. It must be
united with a life-giving principle furnished by the man. This principle
consists of a fluid in which float tiny little creatures called
spermatozoa--one is a spermatozoon. Here is a picture of some. They are
too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope. They are about
1/500 of an inch long, that is, 500 of them laid end to end, would cover
only an inch in length.

"If an ovum starts from the ovary and is not hindered, it will pass on
through the uterus and the vagina into the world, and that is the end of
it; but if, when the ovum starts from the ovary to make its way through
the tube, the spermatozoa are deposited here at the mouth of the uterus,
they will find their way up into the cavity, and if one meets an ovum
and enters into it, a new life is begun. The ovum will now fasten itself
to the walls of the uterus and grow into the little child.

"You can understand that, for the spermatozoa to be placed where they
can find their way into the uterus, means a very close and familiar
relation of the man and woman.

"When two people have decided that they love each other so well that
they are willing to leave all friends and ties of home, and in the
presence of witnesses promise to live together always, and a clergymen
has conducted a solemn ceremony and pronounced them husband and wife, it
is perfectly proper for them to do what before would not have been
proper.

"They may go and live in a house by themselves, occupy the same room,
bear the same name and be, in the eyes of the community, as one person.

"If they desire to call into life a little child of their own, it is
fully in accordance with the laws of God and man, and no one can
criticise them. They have violated no ideas of purity or propriety. But
you can understand that if an unmarried woman has a child, every one
knows that she has had, with some man, an intimate relation to which
they had no right, either moral or legal. They have sacrificed modesty
and purity, and the child is a badge of disgrace, rather than of
honor."

"Isn't it just as much of a disgrace to him as to her?"

"Yes, dear, I think it is, and so do many of the best people; but,
unfortunately, there are many who do not think so, and blame the woman
or girl altogether. And the man, very likely, does not blame himself. He
says, 'Well, she ought not to have permitted it,' and so he gets out of
the way and leaves her to bear the shame alone. It is a cowardly thing
to do, for in all probability he was the one who made the first advances
and, had she been wise, she would have shunned the man who tried to lead
her into wrong, into doing that which would forfeit her self-respect and
the respect of the world. Even the man scorns the woman whom he leads
into disgrace."

"I suppose girls don't understand it, do they? Now, I did not
understand, until just now as you have told me about it, and I believe
lots of the girls are going into danger and don't know it. I must tell
you something. Yesterday as I was walking home from school with Belle
Dane--you know her, don't you? Isn't she pretty?"

"Yes, she is pretty, and I should imagine pert also. She has no
mother."

"Well, as we were walking along, a young man passed us. Belle smiled and
bowed, and he bowed too. I said, 'Who is that?' She said, 'I don't know,
but isn't he handsome? I shouldn't wonder if he'd turn back and walk
with us!' And sure enough, in a moment he was walking at her side,
saying, 'What a lovely day? Do you walk here every day?' and she said,
'Yes, as I go from school. On Saturdays I walk by the lake.'

"'Ah,' he said, 'I am thinking of walking there to-morrow. At what hour
do you walk?' 'About 4 o'clock,' she said. Then he looked at me. 'Does
your friend walk there, too? I have a friend who'd be glad to come.'
Then I broke in--'No, I never walk by the lake.' Then he bowed and left,
and Belle said, 'O, you little goose! Why did you say you didn't walk by
the lake? He'd have brought his friend and we'd have had such a good
time. Ten to one he'll bring flowers or candy, and we could take a boat
ride. You were foolish.' And I said, 'I don't want to walk with young
men, especially if I don't know them.' And she laughed and said, 'O,
you'll get over that when you're older and learn what fun it is. My,
he's a gentleman! See how nice he dressed and what pretty teeth he had
and what nice words he used.' Now, I thought maybe I was silly, but
after what you have told me to-day, I think she is going in dangerous
places and maybe don't know it. I am so glad you told me."

"Yes, poor child! It was just so that Edith began. She met a handsome
young man. She thought him a gentleman because he dressed fine. She let
him hold her hand, then put his arm around her and kiss her, and so,
little by little, he led her on, and she thought it was all so
nice,--and now she is friendless and in great trouble."

"Mother, it makes me think of a little girl I saw at the seaside last
summer. She was dancing on the edge of the waves. They came up and
washed over her little pink toes and she laughed with delight. After a
time the tide rose a little higher and the waves dashed over her feet
and still she thought it fun; and then came one big wave and threw her
down and carried her out to sea, and if there hadn't been some sailors
right there with a boat she would have been drowned,--and all the time
she thought it fun till the last wave came, and then she was frightened
awfully."

"Your illustration is a very good one, my daughter, and I fear that poor
Belle is dancing in the gentle foam of a wave that will grow in power
till it carries her out to sea, a lost girl."

"Mother, I really don't see how a girl can let a man become so familiar
with her. I should think it would disgust her at once; and yet Edith
seemed like a perfect lady."

"No doubt you will understand this puzzling matter better after a few
years than you do now, but I can explain it to you partly. It is a part
of human nature that men and women are very attractive to each other,
and in a way that does not exist between men and men or women and women.
It may be called a sort of personal magnetism. As they begin to develop
into men and women, they begin to feel this new attraction. They want to
please each other. New feelings and emotions are felt. If their hands
touch, they feel a sort of electric thrill, even the glance of the eye
may cause the same thrill. They enjoy it, and they do not know what it
means. They do not know that, while it is pleasant, it is also
dangerous.

"Girls are more ignorant than young men, because, as a rule, they have
been taught less. The young men know more, but in all probability they
have not learned from sources that are pure. The young girl does not
understand that her coquettish glances and tossings of the head and
simperings are so many intuitive efforts to awaken that sort of magnetic
thrill in the young man. If she knew it, she would see that it is more
maidenly to hold in check all actions that would tend to make the young
man desire to be familiar with her."

"But, mother, if it is not right to be familiar, why does God make us
with those desires?"

"God has given us many desires that are right under certain conditions
and wrong under others and He has given us reason with which to control
our desires. It is right to eat when the food is our own, but wrong to
eat if we have stolen the food. It is right to enjoy the attraction of
one to whom our heart and life is given, but otherwise we are defrauding
some one else. You can understand that you would not want the man you
are to marry to have had familiarities with many other girls, neither
would he like to think that other men had been permitted to be free with
you.

"If you were going to select a dress that was to last all your life
long, you would not choose goods that had been handled and were
shop-worn. Even so with husband and wife. Each likes to feel sure that
the freshest, purest love of the heart and modesty of person has been
kept unstained from the slightest unwarrantable familiarity."




CHAPTER IV.


"O Mother, I am so glad you are at home again. I had a lovely talk with
father last evening, but it wasn't you. He gave me lots to think about,
though. He said that mothers need to have such a broad education; that
they should even be chemists, mother, think of that!"

"Does that seem such a strange idea to you? Really they need to be much
more than that. They should be good teachers, to instruct their
children, wise judges, in order to know what justice is, doctors of
medicine so as to understand the first symptoms of illness and how to
treat it, and surgeons so as to know how to bind up wounds, treat cuts
and bruises and even how to reduce a dislocated finger if necessary.
They should be physiologists so as to understand the laws of bodily
health, and psychologists so as to know and obey the laws of the mental
development of their children."

"O, mother! How can one girl learn all those hard things?"

Mrs. Wayne smiled indulgently as she replied, "O, she won't have to
learn all of them at once. Taken one at a time, through all the years
preceding her marriage, she will find she can learn something of each
without taxing herself too severely. For example, you can learn now how
to take care of your own health, and that will help you to care for the
health of your children when they come. You have already studied First
Aid to the injured in your physiology class. When you go to College you
will study psychology as a part of your course of study."

"What does that big word mean, mother?"

"Psychology means the science of mind. I said that mothers need to be
psychologists; that is, students of the science of mind, so that they
will understand the indications of the development of mind in their
babies. A child gets the largest part of its education before it is six
years old."

"O, mamma, do you really mean that?"

"I certainly do. In the first place, it has to learn, one by one, and by
repeated experiments, its body. You do not realize now that you had to
learn, one by one, and by repeated experiments, every one of the
muscular movements that you can now make without thinking of them. You
remember what hard work it was to learn the piano and that was only
learning to use a very few muscles in a certain way. As a baby you had
to practice hours a day before you could learn to hold anything in your
fingers. Your little hands flew about very wildly at first, but by
constant practice you gained skill at last."

"Why, mamma, I never thought that a baby was practicing when it was
throwing its hands about."

"But it is practicing, and it keeps it up hour after hour, day after
day, until it has learned to hold things, to pull itself up, to sit up,
to hold its head up, to creep, to walk, to climb.

"Have you any idea what a wonderful feat has been accomplished when a
baby has learned to walk? Physiologists tell us that walking is
continually beginning to fall and perpetual recovery from falling. It is
a greater thing for the baby than those acrobatic feats which so amazed
you the other day.

"Then the mental education begins also at birth. The baby is building
his brain by everything he sees and does, and it is the mother's duty to
see that this brain-building goes on in accordance with the law of his
nature. Every baby is a new being with a nature of his own, and what was
good for his brother may not be good for him. The training that will
give one child self-confidence will make a little tyrant of another;
what would render one merely amenable to control might make a coward of
another. So you see, my dear, that a mother needs to have great
knowledge of the laws of mind and great insight in the applying of those
laws to the particular cases she has in hand."

"It really seems, mamma, as if girls ought to study all those things
before they marry."

"Indeed they ought, but I fear they never will until they come to have a
clearer idea of the value and importance of the mother's work. When they
realize that the great and lasting work of the world is done in the
homes, by the mothers, with their little children, then we shall have
men demanding that girls shall be prepared for that important work by
previous education.

"There is another way, too, in which women are given great power over
the destiny of the world, and that is through heredity."

"What does that word mean, mother? I have heard it very often, but
people speak as if it were something undesirable."

"Heredity means the passing on of traits or talents from parents to
children. Now, your eyes are like papa's. They are a part of your
heredity from him. You have other features like him, and you have many
of his traits. It has been easy to teach you to be orderly because you
have inherited his love of order. Then, too, you have many of my
characteristics. My hair, my love of music, my quick temper."

Helen looked at her mother somewhat in surprise.

"Do you mean, mamma, that I have a quick temper because you had one?"

"I certainly do; and if I had known, when I was of your age, what I know
now, I might have given you a different disposition."

"Will my children have a temper because I have one?"

"There will be a greater probability of their having quick tempers
because you have one."

"How can I help it, if I got my temper from you and just passed it on
to them? Certainly I am not to blame."

"Many people excuse themselves for their faults in just that way; but
that is to give evil greater power than good, and we don't believe in
that, you know. Each one has the power to make himself over, and in the
process he may change the direction of the inheritance of his
children."

"You mean that if I overcome my temper, my children will not be so
likely to have tempers?"

"Yes, by controlling yourself you will have given them greater power of
self-control; that is worth working for, isn't it? If, when I was of
your age, I had begun to govern my temper, I should have been helping
you. So it is in every field of effort. If you are a good student and
cultivate your mental powers to the best of your ability, you will make
it easier for your children to be good students. Now, in your young
girlhood, you are working to help future generations."

"But maybe I'll never have any children, mamma; what then?"

"None of us can see our future, but if we are wise we will prepare
for the probabilities. At your age I could not be sure that I would ever
be a mother, and now I have several children to call forth every power
that I possess through inheritance or by education. You are not sorry
that in many ways I was wise enough so to cultivate myself that you
have inherited desirable qualities; and you have cause to regret that
I did not know now to do better for you. You can learn through my
failures, and be kinder to your children than I have been to you. I
can assure you of one thing,--even if you never have children, you
will never regret having cultivated yourself in every talent and
virtue, but you may have great cause for sorrow if you fail to develop
the best in yourself. There is no grief in the world like that caused
by wilful or wicked sons and daughters. Their waywardness brings not
only sorrow but self-condemnation on the parents who must feel that in
some way they have been to blame, either in the inheritance they
passed on or the training they gave. And there is no happiness equal
to the just pride felt in honorable children. As Solomon says:
'Children's children are the crown of old men, and the glory of
children are their fathers.'"

Helen was silent a moment and then asked, "Don't you think the law of
heredity a very cruel law? It doesn't seem fair that children should be
punished for the sins of their parents."

"God's laws are never cruel, dear. They are always made for our good,
and they will be for our good, if we use them rightly. Harry Severn fell
yesterday from a scaffold and broke his leg because of the law of
gravitation. You might say that was a cruel law, and that God was unkind
to make such a law whereby we can be so seriously injured. But think for
one moment what that law means in the universe. If it were not for this
mysterious force which we call gravitation, the whole creation would be
in chaos. Nothing would stay in place, buildings could not be made,
people would fly off the earth and go, no one knows whither. Why, all
the suns, moons, and stars of the universe are held in place by
gravitation. If we are ever hurt through the action of that law it is
because we were not happily related to it, that is all. The law is good,
and what we have to do is to learn to work with it.

"It is just so with this law of heredity. It is the law of transmission.
It works right along and transmits good or evil. It is our part to relate
ourselves to it so that it will transmit mostly good. When we come to
think of it, we see that that is what it principally does. Health, and
honesty, and virtue, all good traits, are so constantly transmitted that
we do not think of their coming through heredity, just as we do not
think of all order and stability coming through gravity; but when
undesirable traits are inherited we complain of the law, just as we
complain when we are hurt through the law of gravitation. But do you not
see that it is the very fact that the law is sure, that it invariably
transmits evil, is one guarantee of its surety in transmitting good?
Indeed, the Bible tells us that good is transmitted in greater degree
than evil. The third commandment gives us the law of heredity: 'For I,
the Lord thy God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquities of the
fathers upon the children to the third and fourth generation of them that
hate me and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep
my commandments.' That does not mean thousands of individuals, but, as
the revised version gives it, 'thousands of generations.' So you see
what encouragement this law gives us. The evil in us is to be transient,
the good everlasting. Instead of being weighed down by our undesirable
inheritances, we should be encouraged to overcome them and to cultivate
our good ones."

"Mamma, don't you think the fathers have something to do as well as the
mothers, in trying to give a better inheritance to the children?"

"I surely do, and that is where I think a girl needs to be especially
wise in the choice of a husband. If a man has traits or habits that she
would not want her children to have, she should remember that, through
the law of heredity, that trait is one they will be very likely to
inherit.

"Girls quite often think it does not matter if a young man smokes, or
even if he drinks a little, but when we study heredity we see what a
threat such habits are to the health and welfare of his children. I
remember when John Orland was a handsome young man, he drank, sometimes
to excess. Kittie Claiborne knew this, and her friends opposed her
marrying him, but she thought she could reform him, and you know the
result. Her husband is a confirmed drunkard, as is her youngest son. The
oldest drinks, too, though not to such excess, and you know that Kitty
Orland, such a beautiful girl, has more than once been found under the
influence of liquor. The second girl died of consumption, and the second
son is weak-minded."

"But, mamma, do you mean that this is all because Mr. Orland drinks?"

"The observation of scientific men as to the effects of alcohol through
inheritance would lead us to think so. I find this little item in the
paper. You may read it."

Helen read--

"European scientists have recently given much attention to the physical
degradation among children which they believe to be the result of
intemperance on the part of the parents. A startling example was
recently published in the _London Daily News_:

"Some months ago a workman and his wife, accompanied by a small boy of
four, waited on Doctor Garnier, the physician who presides over the
insanity ward at the Paris Depot, or Central Police Station. The parents
were in great distress, and the story they had to tell was that on two
occasions the lad, their son, who was with them, had attempted to murder
his baby brother. On the last occasion the mother had just arrived in
time to prevent him from cutting the baby's throat with a pair of
scissors.

"Examined by Doctor Garnier, the child declared it was quite true that
he wished to murder his brother, and that it was his firm intention to
accomplish his purpose, sooner or later.

"Taking the parents into an adjoining room, Doctor Garnier said to the
father, 'Are you a drinker?'

"The man protested indignantly. He had never been drunk in his life. His
wife backed up his assertion. Her husband, she said, was the most sober
of men.

"'Hold out your hand at arm's length,' said the doctor.

"The man obeyed. After a few seconds the hand began that devil's dance
to which alcohol fiddles the tune.

"'As I thought,' said the doctor. 'My poor fellow, you are an
_alcoholique_.'

"He questioned the man, who, with tears in his eyes, related that, being
a brewer's drayman, it was his duty to deliver casks of beer to his
master's customers, carrying the casks up to various stages. A glass of
wine was occasionally offered him as a _pouboire_. The total quantity so
absorbed by him amounted to a liter, or a liter and a half per day. This
had been going on steadily for several years.

"'With the result,' said the doctor, 'that you, who have never been
drunk, have become so completely alcoholized that you have transmitted
to that unfortunate baby in the next room a form of epilepsy which has
developed into homicidal mania.'"

"Isn't it awful, mamma? I should not want to marry a man who drinks."

"I sincerely hope you never will. But there are other habits that are
evil in their effects. Smoking, for example."

"O, mamma, smoking isn't inherited, is it?"

"Well, I don't know but we might say that it is. I knew a woman who was
an inveterate smoker. When her baby was born, it cried night and day
until one day the mother, nearly distracted, took the pipe from her
mouth and put it between the baby's lips and it stopped crying at once,
and after that she took that method to still its cries. You see, it had
been under the influence of tobacco all the time before it was born, and
when it no longer felt that influence it was uncomfortable until it had
the tobacco again. You know how hard it is for a man to give up smoking.
All poisons by long use make such an impression on the body that it
suffers when the poisons are taken away.

"Tobacco paralyzes the nerves of sensation, so that feeling is lessened.
That is why men like to use it. They think they feel better, when in
reality they feel less, or not at all; and to have no feeling or power
to feel is a dangerous condition. Pain, or sensation, is our great
protection, and to remove sensation by paralysis is to render ourselves
open to danger. This paralytic condition may become an inheritance. Many
children have infantile paralysis because their fathers are users of
tobacco."

"I am glad my father doesn't use it," exclaimed Helen with emphasis.

"Indeed, you may well be glad, and you can see to it that your children
have the same cause for rejoicing. The girls of to-day have a wonderful
influence on all time, the present and the future. I wish they knew how
to use it wisely."

"But girls think it is manly to smoke. I've heard lots of them say so.
Stella Wilson says she wouldn't marry a man that didn't smoke; and Kate
Barrows said the other day that she thought girls had no right to
interfere with the enjoyment of men by asking them to give up smoking.
She said she knew how nice it was, for she had tried it; and she said
the most fashionable women smoke, and she means to smoke when she has a
home of her own."

"All of which only proves that she is a poor, ignorant girl who does not
know her own value to herself, or to the world. She may yet have cause
to weep over children made weak and nervous, or who have died because of
her ignorance."

"Isn't it sad that ignorance does not save us from punishment?"

"Yes, but it does not. If you can't swim, you may drown, even while
trying to save another. God's laws cannot vary to save us from the
penalty of ignorance.

"I wonder now, dear, if you are not beginning to see the greatness of
woman's work. In her own vigor she creates health for the future of the
nation. So you see whether you wear your overshoes or not, may be a
question of importance to the race. By her virtue, courage, patience,
purity, she is storing up those qualities for the men and women of the
future. By her demanding of her future husband that he shall be without
fear and without reproach, as clean in life and thought as herself, she
is building up protections around the children of generations to come.
Even the young girls of to-day are creating national conditions for the
future, are deciding the destiny of the nation,--yes, of the race. The
great structures that men build will in time perish, but character is
eternal. Is it not even a greater thing to be a woman than to be a
man?"

"I begin to think so, and I think after this I'll try to feel that even
I am of importance to the world, instead of regretting that I am not a
man."




TEACHING TRUTH SERIES


All these books have been written with the utmost care and thought by
such widely known and trusted authorities as Dr. Mary Wood-Allen, Della
Thompson Lutes, Dr. Emma F. A. Drake, and Emma Virginia Fish. Prices are
for books sent postpaid.

    Almost a Woman                        $0.50
    Teaching Truth                          .50
    Child Confidence Rewarded               .25
    Caring for the Baby                     .50
    Preparation for Parenthood              .65
    The Boy and Girl--Adolescence          1.00
    Child, Home and School                 1.25
    Parents' Problems                      1.10
    Ideal Married Life                     1.15


OTHER WORKS

    Bible Stories for Children            $1.20
    Animal Stories for Children            1.15
    Four Little Fosters                    1.15
    Mothers' Manual                         .90
    Husband and Wife                        .90
    Baby's Record                           .55
    Just Away                               .60
    Mothers' and Teachers' Club Booklet     .25

The Just Away book is for mothers who have just lost a child--for such
it is the most beautiful and helpful thing in the English language.

See elsewhere our list of 44 valuable leaflets. Address all orders to

    AMERICAN MOTHERHOOD,
    188 Main Street
    Cooperstown, N. Y.


IDEAL MARRIED LIFE

For one dollar and fifteen cents

This book is one of the most valuable written by Dr. Mary Wood-Allen,
and consists of 438 closely printed pages.

Price $1.15 postpaid.


A BABY'S DIARY

Would make very interesting reading were he able to keep one.

By using our beautiful Baby Record any mother will find it easy and
pleasant to record the development, cute sayings and doings, and
important events in the little one's life.

ALL THE IMPORTANT EVENTS

In the baby's life are arranged for in the book and are illustrated by
appropriate poems and half-tone pictures. The book is five and one-half
inches wide by eight inches long, is bound in stiff leatherette, either
a beautiful white or a delicate blue, with title in gold. In addition to
many pages of pictures and verses the book provides blank pages with
printed headings for the following: Baby's name, father's name, mother's
name, place of birth, date of first photograph, ornamental frame inside
first cover to hold photograph, description of day on which baby was
born, weight at different ages, gifts and names of givers, first smile,
first tooth, first outing, baptism certificate, first Christmas, first
birthday, change to short clothes, date of creeping, date of walking,
first words, first day at school, wise sayings and doings, with six full
blank pages in which to enter them. Out of the thousands of orders we
have had for this book we have not had one dissatisfied customer.

Price 55 cents Postpaid

American Motherhood, 188 Main St., Cooperstown, N. Y.




Valuable and Inspiring Reading for

MOTHER      FATHER DAUGHTER    SON

TEACHER--Your Boys and Girls Need This Information.

All the LEAFLETS have been revised and greatly improved. The new
leaflets are handsome in appearance, printed on better and heavier
paper, uniform in size--3-1/4 x 5-3/4 in.--and are especially adapted to
go in an ordinary business envelope. Best of all the prices are lower
than ever, and include postage to home or foreign countries.

HOW TO ORDER

Please order by number. The 100 price is never given on less than 100 of
_one kind_. Special prices quoted on quantities from 20 to 75 of _one
kind_. 50 leaflets assorted as you choose for $1.00 postpaid or 100 for
$1.50.

20 leaflets will be given as a reward for securing one _more_ yearly
subscription to American Motherhood outside of your own home.


JUST AWAY

A Story of Hope

_By Della Thompson Lutes_

This book is the story of a young woman and wife who suffered and lost.
From that time it portrays how she fought a noble fight and climbed to
wonderful heights of happiness and helpfulness. Every mother who has
lost a child will find in this book the _greatest comfort to be had in
printed language_ in the judgment of all who have read the book. It is
really and genuinely one of the finest books extant.

Price 60c Postpaid.


LEAFLETS

    No.                                        Price
        Title of Leaflet                       each     100
      1 Sacredness & Respon. of Motherhood     2c      $.40
      2 Teaching Obedience                     2c       .40
      3 Proper Diet Children Under 5 years     2c       .40
      4 Purification of Desire                 2c       .40
      5 Pure Life for Two                      2c       .40
      6 Helps for Mothers of Boys              3c       .60
      7 A Preventable Disease                  3c       .80
      8 The Chamber of Peace                   3c       .60
      9 Moral Education Through Work           3c       .80
     10 A Noble Father                         2c       .40
     11 Parenthood and Purity                  3c       .60
     12 The Bird with a Broken Pinion          3c       .60
     13 The Angel's Gift                       2c       .40
     14 The Cigarette and Youth                4c      1.00
     15 Truth for Lads                         4c      1.00
     16 The Ideal Mother                       2c       .40
     17 Impurity in schools; how deal with it  2c       .40
     18 What shall be taught & who teach it    3c       .80
     19 Training the Appetite                  3c       .60
     20 Work as an element in char'ter bld'g   3c       .60
     21 The father as his son's counselor      2c       .40
     22 Confi'l r'lat'ns tw'n mother & dau'ter 2c       .40
     23 Influ'ce of man'l train'g on character 2c       .40
     24 When does Bodily Education Begin?      2c       .40
     25 Johnnie and the Microbes               2c       .40
     26 Purity in the Home                     3c       .60
     27 The Integrity of the Sex Nature        3c       .60
     28 The Overthrow of Coercion              2c       .40
     29 A Friendly Letter to Boys              2c       .40
     30 Conscientious Compromises              2c       .40
     31 Keep Mother and Me Intimate            2c       .40
     32 Adolescence                            3c       .60
     33 To Expectant Fathers                   3c       .60
     34 Preparation for Parenthood             5c      1.30
     35 Manual Training in Element. Schools    4c      1.00
     36 The Confessions of a Mother            2c       .40
     37 The Arm Around the Boy                 3c       .60
     38 The Punishment that Educates           4c      1.00
     39 The Child of the Poor                  3c       .60
     40 Sitting at Childhood's Feet to Learn   3c       .60
     41 The Fussy Mother                       3c       .60
     42 To Fathers of Sons                     3c       .60
     43 The Girl & Her Relations With Men      3c       .60
     44 Truth for Girls                        4c      1.00

    50 Assorted for $1.00
    100 Assorted for 1.50


BOOKLETS.

    300 The Cause of the Child                 8c each
    301 Opening Flower of Manhood              7c "
    302 How to Conduct Mothers' Clubs          8c "
    303 Sex Problems for Young Men             7c "
    304 Mothers' and Teachers' Club Booklet   25c

Address AMERICAN MOTHERHOOD -- Cooperstown, New York.




AMERICAN MOTHERHOOD

is a magazine for mothers, edited by mothers. It is a magazine with a
purpose and that is to give mothers practical help in the solution of
the problems they meet each day. Nor is the magazine lacking in interest
to others besides mothers. Fathers find it worthy of their attention;
teachers find it full of helpful suggestions; workers in Mothers' Clubs
and similar organizations could hardly get along without it; even the
children look for it eagerly because of the things that can be read
aloud to them.

Young mothers with babies in their arms are not the only ones who need
help and advice; older mothers whose children are in the kindergarten,
the grade school or the high school, feel their responsibility weighing
on them with even greater force.

SPECIAL FEATURES

The problem of the boy is one of the greatest parents and teachers have
to deal with, therefore it receives especial attention in _American
Motherhood_. It is surprising to learn how many fathers read this
publication closely. The adolescent period is to many the most trying
and puzzling period in their children's lives. In this magazine they
find that which enables than to understand the boys and girls who are
passing through this time of storm and stress; so they are enabled to
deal wisely with them, guiding than safely into a strong, noble
maturity. The heart of the magazine is the Parents' Problems department.
Here is answered by the editor, and by a woman physician of splendid
training and long experience, the questions submitted by the readers.

How to wean the baby; what kind of clothes to dress him in; what food
the prospective mother should eat; how to teach children to be truthful;
how to break a child of whining; how to keep the active boy from
wrong-doing; how to overcome timidity; how to secure obedience; what to
do with the boy who wants to smoke; these and hundreds of other
questions are answered with great care and thought. Some of the best
known educators of the day are contributors to the magazine. The
articles are simple, practical and to the point, while the great aim of
the magazine is to be helpful.

Trial Subscriptions for new ones only:

15 Months for $1.00, 4 Months for 25c.


JUST AWAY

A Story of Hope

_By Della Thompson Lutes_

This book is the story of a young woman and wife who suffered and lost.
From that time it portrays how she fought a noble fight and climbed to
wonderful heights of happiness and helpfulness. Every mother who has
lost a child will find in this book the _greatest comfort to be had in
printed language_, in the judgment of all who have read the book.

It is really and genuinely one of the finest books extant.

Price, 60c postpaid.

       *       *       *       *       *


Transcriber Notes

Punctuation problems have been resolved. Other typographical issues have
been changed and are listed below.

Author's archaic spelling and punctuation styles preserved.

Table of Contents added.

Passages in italics indicated by _underscores_.


Transcriber Changes

The following changes were made to the original text:

  Page 21: Was jeaousy (no =jealousy=, no Levite pride)

  Page 47: Was fearfearfully (for I am =fearfully= and wonderfully
           made.)

  Page 62: Was 1-500 (They are about =1/500= of an inch long)

       *       *       *       *       *






End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Almost a Woman, by Mary Wood-Allen

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALMOST A WOMAN ***

***** This file should be named 31861.txt or 31861.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/8/6/31861/

Produced by Meredith Bach, Katherine Ward, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
book was produced from scanned images of public domain
material from the Google Print project.)


Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.



*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
https://gutenberg.org/license).


Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works

1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.  See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.

1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.

1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.

1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that

- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."

- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
     License.  You must require such a user to return or
     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
     Project Gutenberg-tm works.

- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
     of receipt of the work.

- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.

1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.


Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.


Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at https://pglaf.org

For additional contact information:
     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
     Chief Executive and Director
     gbnewby@pglaf.org


Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit https://pglaf.org

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate


Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.


Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.


Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

     https://www.gutenberg.org

This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.