The Project Gutenberg eBook of Spalding's Baseball Guide and Official League Book for 1895, by Henry Chadwick

[Transcriber's Note: Some portions of the original text were illegible; these portions are noted with an asterisk (*).]

SPALDING'S

SPECIAL ATHLETIC LIBRARY

BASE BALL

GUIDE

ITS NAME IS ITS GUARANTEE.

The name stands for the Highest Grade in Athletic Goods throughout the world, and now stands for THE HIGHEST-GRADE BICYCLE MADE.

THE SPALDING BICYCLE … DURING THE YEAR 1894 MADE A PHENOMENAL RECORD

A. H. Barnett on the Spalding Bicycle won the Great Irvington-Milburn Road Race … Monte Scott, of the Crescent Wheelman, on the Spalding Bicycle made new world's road records for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 miles, and … Fred Titus at Springfield, on September 13th rode 27 miles, 1489 yards in one hour, making a world's record, and making records from 7 to 27 miles.

*AT CHICOPEE

BASE BALL GUIDE AND OFFICIAL LEAGUE BOOK FOR 1895.

Attached To Which Are Explanatory Notes, Giving A
Correct Interpretation Of The New Rules.

A Prominent Feature Of The
Guide For 1895
Is The New Championship Record; Added To Which Are
The Complete Pitching Records Of 1894 And
Special Chapters On The
Fielding And Base Running
Of 1894,

Interesting Records Of The Most Noteworthy Contests, Incidents
And Occurrences Of The Eventful Season Of 1894, Occurring
In The College Arenas As Well As In
That Of The Professional Clubs.

PUBLISHERS' NOTICE.

The official handbook of America's national game—SPALDING'S BASE BALL GUIDE—which was first issued in 1876, has grown in size, importance and popular favor year by year, until it has become the great standard statistical and reference annual of the game throughout the base ball world; and it is now recognized as the established base ball manual of the entire professional fraternity, as well as the authorized Guide Book of the great National League, which is the controlling governmental organization of the professional clubs of the United States.

The Guide of 1895 not only records the doings of the twelve clubs of the National League for the past season, with all the official statistics, but it gives space to the championship campaigns of 1894, not only of the Minor Professional Leagues of the country, but also of those of the College clubs and of the leading organizations of the amateur class—the majority class of the entire base ball world—and in this respect the Guide has no equal, the book of 1895 being exceptionally full of the most interesting chapters of the leading events of the diamond fields of the past year, and for the first time contains many fine half-tone illustrations of all the leading clubs and players, making it the largest and most complete Guide ever issued.

Copies of the Guide will be mailed to any address upon receipt of twelve cents each. Trade orders supplied through the News Companies, or direct from the Publishers,

The Guide, as hitherto, is issued under the entire editorial control of the veteran writer on sports, Mr. Henry Chadwick, popularly known as "The Father of Base Ball."

The great size of the Guide precludes the possibility of including the game record of the League campaign, as also other records of League legislation, etc., and these will be found in the "Official League Book," which contains only official League matter, as furnished by Secretary Young, including the League Constitution in full.

PREFACE.

SPALDING'S BASE BALL GUIDE for 1895 is the twentieth annual edition of the work issued under the auspices of the National League. It is also the fifteenth annual edition published under the editorship of Mr. Henry Chadwick, he having first entered upon his editorial duties on the GUIDE in 1881. Moreover, it is the fourth annual edition issued under the government of the existing major League, which League was the result of the reconstruction measures adopted during the winter of 1891-92; and this latest issue of SPALDING'S LEAGUE GUIDE in several respects, if not in all, surpasses all of its predecessors. New features are presented in its pages this year which are of special interest; the most noteworthy being the new record of every game played in the League championship series—-won, lost or drawn—-from April 19 to September 30, 1894, inclusive; the names of the opposing pitchers in each game; being a record never before published in any base ball manual, this alone making the GUIDE of 1895 a model book of reference for the whole base ball fraternity. Added to this are not only the full statistics of the League season of 1894, but also special articles on the latest scientific points of play developed in the professional arena; together with editorial comments on the leading events of the past season—-now regarded as one of the interesting features of the book—-and the scores of the model games of 1894, etc. A new chapter is "The Reference Guide," devoted to statistics valuable as references. In addition to which is the new code of rules which went into effect in April, 1895, and the editorial explanatory appendix, revised by President Young of the League; the whole making the GUIDE the model base ball manual of the period, the book being of special value, alike to the amateur class of the base ball fraternity, as to the class of professional exemplars of the game.

AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY.

By authority vested in me, I do hereby certify that Messrs. A. G. Spalding & Bros, have been granted the exclusive right to publish the "OFFICIAL LEAGUE BOOK" for 1895.

N. E. YOUNG,
Secretary of the National League and American Association of Professional
Base Ball Clubs.

[Illustration A.G. Mills; N.E. Young; Wahulbert—The Three Presidents]
[Illustration: Baltimore Base Ball Club. Champions of 1894.]
[Illustration]
[Illustration: New York Base Ball Club, '94.]

INTRODUCTION.

The decade of the nineties in League history bids fair to surpass, in exciting events, that of every preceding series of years known in the annals of professional base ball. The decade in question began with the players' revolt in 1890 and was followed up by the secession of the old American Association, a fatal movement, which ended in the death of that organization in the winter of 1891-92; the reorganization of the National League resulting in the absorption of the best half of the old Association clubs and the beginning of the experiment of governing the whole professional fraternity by one major League instead of by a dual government as before; this one powerful League being itself controlled by the laws of the "National Agreement." The cost of the amalgamation of the four American Association clubs with the National League, together with the financial losses incurred by the revolutionary period of 1890 and 1891—losses, by the way, which the players did not participate in, the clubs alone being the sufferers—left a heavy burden of debt to handicap the reconstructed National League in its efforts to recover the public confidence in professional ball playing lost by the malcontents of 1890 and 1891. But, nevertheless, the seasons of 1892 and 1893 saw the heavy indebtedness removed from the League's shoulders; and in 1894 the flourishing financial times of 1888 and 1889 were, in a measure, renewed, and for the first time since the Brotherhood revolt of 1890, the professional base ball business in 1894 became a paying investment.

It will scarcely be believed that, in the face of the financial losses incurred during the revolutionary period of 1890 and 1891, that the closing part of the season of 1894 saw another attempt made to renew the troubles of 1891, by an effort made to resuscitate the defunct American Association under the banner of "Death to the League's reserve rule," together with that of a joint attempt made to revive the old Brotherhood plan of rival League clubs in the larger base ball cities of the Union. This revolutionary effort, made by one of the promoters of the revolt of 1890, aided by two dismissed managers and a disgruntled star player itching for notoriety at any cost, led the magnates of the National League to adopt repressive measures calculated to put an end to any future revolutionary efforts of the kind, by severely punishing any League club manager or player who should prove recreant in fealty to the laws of the National Agreement, or who should join in any attempt to organize any base ball association opposed to the reserve rule, which rule over ten years' experience had proved to be the fundamental law and corner-stone of the professional base ball business. Without such a repressive law it was evident that the League would be subject to periodical attempts on the part of unscrupulous managers or players to war upon the reserve rule for blackmail purposes. The necessity for some such law was made evident by the recent efforts made to organize a new American Association on the basis of not only warring upon the reserve rule but of trespassing on the territorial rights of existing League clubs.

The finale to the annual meeting of 1894 was the issuing of a manifesto by the National League, which was called forth by an effort at treachery in the League ranks which required prompt action for its repression. This manifesto was issued without regard to efforts to organize a new American Association, any opposition of the kind to the National Agreement clubs, with the major League at its head, being looked upon as futile, owing to the character of the men alleged to be at the head of the movement; the main incentive of the League magnates being to publicly announce what the penalty of treachery to National Agreement interests would be in the future. The manifesto in question was the work of a special committee appointed by the National League at its annual meeting in November, 1894, which consisted of Messrs. Chas. H. Byrne, H. R, Von der Horst, James A. Hart and John T. Brush.

The following is the statement drawn up by the committee, and referred to the National Board for adoption:

TO THE NATIONAL BOARD OF PROFESSIONAL BASE BALL ASSOCIATIONS:

From the year 1876, when base ball was established in this country on a substantial and responsible basis by the disbandment of the so-called National Association of Professional Base Ball Clubs and the organization of the National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs, down to the present time, the duty has been imposed upon some body or organization to uphold and enforce the objects for which base ball was established, to wit:

First—To perpetuate base ball as the national game of the United States, and to surround it with such safeguards as to warrant for the future absolute public confidence in its integrity and methods.

Second—To protect and promote the mutual interests of professional base ball clubs and professional base ball players.

The National League formed in 1876 found a difficult task before it in undertaking to carry out the objects above referred to. Interest in base ball was at a low ebb. Gamblers were in possession. The game was without discipline, organization or legitimate control. The sport was conducted with dishonest methods and for dishonest purposes, and had neither the respect nor confidence of the press or public. Heroic methods were absolutely necessary. At a meeting of the National League, held in Cleveland December 5, 1877, the League directors unanimously ratified the action of the Louisville club in expelling from the professional ranks James A. Devlin, W. H. Craver, A. H. Nichols and G. W. Hall "for conduct in contravention to the object of the League."

These men had been charged with and convicted of willfully selling a game of base ball. At first the action of the League in taking such an extreme course was strongly denounced. The League, however, foresaw that any condonation of fraud or crookedness meant death to the national game and remained firm in its position. Public opinion soon turned, and to-day it is universally conceded that the course then taken did more to establish the honesty and integrity of base ball than any action taken or legislation since enacted. From that day to this no charge of crookedness or dishonesty has been made against a professional ball player. Repeated attempts have been made to reinstate these men or those of them now living, but their expulsion was final and irrevocable.

That the League was earnest in its efforts to purify the game was further demonstrated by its action taken at a special meeting held at the Russell House, Detroit, Mich., on June 24, 1882, when Richard Higham, a League umpire, was, upon charges preferred by the Detroit club, expelled for "crooked" work as an umpire. From that day to this no such charge has ever been made against an official umpire. The rapid increase in the compensation of ball players soon opened up another avenue of trouble for the League, which needed and received prompt attention. This was flagrant and open dissipation in the ranks at home and abroad. While this was confined comparatively to a few men, the innocent suffered largely from it, and the National League was brought into disrepute. Heroic measures were again adopted, and several players were indefinitely suspended, with excellent effect. It is safe to say that to-day there is less dissipation and drunkenness in the ranks of professional ball players in proportion to their number than in any other organized or unorganized body in this country identified with outdoor sports.

The success achieved by the National League in its efforts to develop base ball as the national game became apparent in its rapid growth in popular favor, and the establishment of clubs and associations throughout the various States. It became evident soon that something must be done to foster and protect the rights and interests of these various bodies, and "that there was a recognized need of some central power in base ball to govern all associations, by an equitable code of general laws, to put the game on a prosperous and lasting basis."

To accomplish this purpose a meeting was held in the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, February 17, 1883, at which delegates were present representing the National League, the American Association, and the Northwestern League. At that meeting the so-called Tripartite Agreement was drawn up and agreed to, which substantially was an offensive and defensive alliance, embodying a mutual respect of all contracts and other obligations, and all rights of the parties to the agreement to territorial rights, players under contract or held under reserve.

The adoption of the tripartite agreement opened a new era in base ball, and it was so readily recognized as being a step in the line of progress that when the committee which drew up the agreement was called together in New York city in October, 1883, they decided to call the instrument they had framed the National Agreement of Professional Base Ball Clubs, the purpose being to open the door to all clubs, leagues and associations desiring to live under the conditions, rules and regulations of the agreement. Immediately several leagues and associations applied for the protection assured the, and readily pledged themselves to abide by the requirements designated in the agreement.

The action of the committee in framing the new national agreement was subsequently ratified by the signatures of the Presidents of the parties thereto, viz.:

The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs, A. G. Mills,
President, November 22, 1883.

The American Association of Base Ball Clubs, H. D. McKnight, President,
December 13, 1883.

The Northwestern League of Professional Base Ball Clubs, Elias Mather,
President, January 10, 1884.

The Eastern League of Professional Base Ball Clubs, William C. Sedden,
President, February 19, 1884.

The fundamental principle of the national agreement as originally drawn, and which is now in operation, is a respect for territorial rights. This, in fact, is the corner stone of the structure.

It contemplates and provides for the organization of cities into leagues or associations, with one club, and one only, in each city, and a contest between the respective cities for championship honors. The interest which base ball arouses in any city is based absolutely on local pride. The essence of value to a championship is entirely to the city to which the victorious club belongs.

Experience has demonstrated that whenever and wherever territorial rights have been invaded and rival clubs established, the element of local pride is absent and interest in both destroyed. It is this which makes a respect for territorial rights a principle which we must uphold.

It is true, nevertheless, and we so declare that we will gladly welcome and shall encourage the formation of leagues and associations who desire to operate under the national agreement, and consent to abide by the fundamental principles of that document.

Reference has been made above to the difficulties and the obstacles which at times have presented themselves and which have been by severe but just methods removed.

To-day the future of base ball is confronted by a new condition, a condition which in every particular is as harmful and in many respects far more dangerous than open dishonesty or flagrant dissipation. That is, treachery within the lines. To-day, and for months past we have had men identified with professional base ball who for years have been the beneficiaries of the game, have received liberal compensation for the work they have done, earned their livelihood entirely and absolutely from the opportunities afforded them by clubs and organizations operating under the national agreement, and we find and now know that these men, during this time, have persistently been identifying themselves with schemes and combinations the objects and sole purposes of which are to weaken and perhaps destroy the splendid fabric of our national game, which it has taken years of effort, anxiety and large outlay of capital to construct.

To-day we have the confidence of the public and the press of the country in the methods and the integrity of base ball in larger measure than at any prior period in the history of our national game. It devolves upon us to continue to deserve and retain this confidence. We must endeavor to do it.

The interests of clubs and professional ball players are identical. One cannot succeed without the other. Success means mutual benefit. The moment any suspicion attaches to base ball, public confidence lost or even chilled, the occupation of the ball player is gone. We must all stand or fall together. There is no middle ground. We stand by the fundamental law, our national agreement, which guarantees protection to players as well as to clubs, or we destroy it. One road leads to the perpetuation of the national game, the other to its decline. There should be no place, no standing room in base ball for any anarchistic element which never aids in building up but is ever ready to destroy.

The time has come when some action should be taken to place this element without the pale of our ranks. The National Board, operating under the national agreement, was created to protect and guard the interests of all players, clubs and associations identified with the agreement. Any attempt to encroach upon that, to nullify or affect any of its provisions, is of direct and material concern to all alike.

The obligations of contracts, the right of reserve, and the territorial rights of clubs, associations and leagues must be upheld, and shall be, at any cost.

It is a matter of public rumor and is also a fact which has come to our knowledge that men identified with clubs, members of the national agreement, have been co-operating in the formation of clubs or organizations whose purpose is to conflict with the national agreement. In view of this knowledge, the National League and American Association of Professional Clubs in convention assembled respectfully suggests to and requests the National Board to declare A. C. Buckenberger, William Barnie and Fred Pfeffer ineligible to be employed either as manager or player or in any capacity whatever, by any club or organization operating under the national agreement, and they be forthwith suspended. Such suspension to remain in force until such time as they or either of them can satisfy the National Board that they have in no way been engaged directly or indirectly in the organization of any club, league or association formed or to be formed in conflict with the principles of the national agreement. And in the event of their failure to relieve themselves from this suspension within such time as your Board may direct, they shall be expelled and forever debarred from any connection with clubs or organizations identified with the National Agreement of Professional Base Ball Clubs.

We furthermore request that your Board take like action in the case of any player, manager, umpire or club official who in the future identifies himself with a similar movement.

C. H. BYRNE, J. T. BRUSH, JAMES A. HART, H. R. VON DER HORST, N. E. YOUNG.

The above address was submitted to the National League at its annual meeting, fully discussed and unanimously adopted.

At a meeting of the National Board of Professional Base Ball Clubs, held in New York city November 16, 1894, a communication was received from the National League and American Association of Professional Base Ball Clubs, in convention assembled, requesting this Board to take action in the case of certain individuals heretofore identified with clubs operating under the national agreement who have been charged with treachery to their employers and the organizations with which they have been identified. The request, so presented, was supplemented by an appeal from the executive officers of the Eastern League of Base Ball Clubs and the Western League of Base Ball Clubs to take such action as was proper to protect said leagues in the rights assured them under the national agreement.

After mature consideration, and governed absolutely by a desire to comply with the letter and spirit of the requests made to this Board, and having reasonable and substantial evidence upon which to base our action.

This Board has decided to announce, and it does declare that A. C, Buckenberger, William Barnie and Fred Pfeffer are ineligible to be employed either as manager, player or in any other capacity by any club or organization identified with the national agreement, and said persons are hereby declared suspended.

This Board further declares that such suspension shall remain in force up to and including December 31, 1894, and in the event of the failure of the above named persons, or either of them, on or before the above named date, to show to this Board that he or they have been in no manner, directly or indirectly, engaged in any attempt to promote the organization of clubs, leagues or associations antagonistic to the national agreement, they shall be expelled and forever debarred from any connection with clubs or organized bodies operating under the national agreement.

N.E. YOUNG, A.H. SODEN, C.H. BYRNE,

NEW YORK, November 15, 1894.
TO THE NATIONAL LEAGUE AND AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL
BASE BALL CLUBS.

Gentlemen: We the representatives of the undersigned leagues, operating under the National Agreement of Professional Base Ball Clubs, respectfully submit the following: Your body is the recognized major base ball organization of the country, and have sole right to elect the National Board and control all bodies identified with the agreement.

It has been made known to us, and we have good and substantial reasons for believing that such knowledge is correct, that a new organization of base ball clubs is contemplated, which, of necessity, must operate without the pale of the national agreement. It appears also that it is the purpose of the new association, if it materializes, to attempt to take from our respective organizations and clubs players now held by us under the right of reservation accorded us by the national agreement. We therefore request that you, as a body, take some action to protect us, so far as possible, against all outside organizations. We trust you will give this immediate attention, and we await your action.

To professional base ball, as governed by the existing National League, is mainly due the great popularity our national game has achieved within the past twenty years. Of course the amateur class of the fraternity greatly outnumber the professionals; but the game could never have reached its present point of excellence in field work but for the time and attention the professional clubs were enabled to devote to its thorough development from the year of Harry Wright's famous "Red Stocking" nine of Cincinnati, in 1869, to the existing period of model professional ball playing. In the first place, the amateur clubs could never have given the game the time and labor required for its evolution which the professional clubs were enabled to do; and, moreover, not one club in a thousand could have spared the money required to fit up and keep in serviceable condition such finely equipped ball grounds as those now owned by the leading professional clubs of the National League. To these facts, too, are to be added the statement that to the National League's government of the professional class of the fraternity is due the lasting credit of sustaining the integrity of play in the game up to the highest standard; so much so, indeed, that it has reached the point of surpassing, in this most important respect, every other sport in vogue in which professional exemplars are employed. Take it for all in all, no season since the inauguration of the National League in 1876, has approached that of 1894 in the number of clubs which took part in the season's games, both in the amateur as well as the professional arena; and certainly no previous season ever saw the professional clubs of the country so well patronized as they were in 1894. Moreover, it was the most brilliant and successful season in every respect known in the annals of the college clubs of the country. In fact, there was but one drawback to the creditable success of the entire championship campaigns of 1894, and that was the unwonted degree of "hoodlumism" which disgraced the season in the professional arena, and this, we regret to say, was painfully conspicuous among the players of the National League clubs, this organization having been noted, prior to its absorption of the old American Association element in its ranks in 1892, for the reputable character of its annual struggles for championship honors. One result of the rowdy ball playing indulged in by a minority of each club team in the League was a decided falling off in the attendance of the best class of patrons of the professional clubs.

Much of the "Hoodlumism"—a technical term applicable to the use of blackguard language; low cunning tricks, unworthy of manly players; brutal assaults on umpire and players; that nuisance of our ball fields, "kicking," and the dishonorable methods comprised in the term "dirty ball playing"—-indulged in in 1894 was largely due to the advocacy of the method of the so-called "aggressive policy," which countenanced rowdy ball playing as part and parcel of the work in winning games. The most energetic, lively and exciting method of playing a game of ball can mark a professional club contest without its being disgraced by a single act of rowdyism—such as that of spiking or willfully colliding with a base runner; bellowing like a wild bull at the pitcher, as in the so-called coaching of 1893 and 1894; or that of "kicking" against the decisions of the umpire to hide faulty captaincy or blundering fielding. Nothing of this "hoodlumism" marked the play of the four-time winners of the League pennant from 1872 to 1875, inclusive, viz., the old, gentlemanly Boston Red Stockings of the early seventies, under the leadership of that most competent of all managers, Harry Wright. Yet, despite of this old time fact, if club managers do not adopt the rough's method of playing the game, as illustrated in the League arena in 1894, advocated by the class of newspaper managers of local clubs, the scribes in question go for the local team officials for not having a team with "plenty of ginger" in their work and for their not being governed by "a hustling manager." Is it any wonder, under such circumstances, that the League season of 1894 was characterized by "hoodlumism?"

But little advance was made in the way of effective team management in the League in 1894. About a third of the twelve teams of the League only were controlled by competent team managers, while at least another third were wretchedly managed, and the other third were not above the average in management. Two of the old drawbacks to the successful running of teams by professional clubs conspicuous in 1892 and 1893 marked the team management of 1894, viz., the employment of drinking players and the condoning of their costly offenses, and the interference of club presidents and directors in the work of the regular manager of the club team. There is a class of club officials in the League who, for the life of them, cannot keep from interfering with the club's legitimate manager in his running of the team. Some of them have the cool effrontery of stating that "the manager of our team is never interfered with in any way." One costly result of this club official interference is, that needed discipline of the players is out of the question, and in its absence cliqueism in the ranks of the team sets in—one set of players siding with the manager, and another with the real "boss of the team," with the costly penalty of discord in the ranks. It is all nonsense for a club to place a manager in the position with a merely nominal control of the players and then to hold him responsible for the non-success of the team in winning games. Under such a condition of things, the club manager might sign a team of costly star players and yet find himself surpassed in the pennant race by a rival manager, who, with entire control of his team, and that team composed of so-called "second-class players" or ambitious "colts," working in thorough harmony together, and "playing for the side" all the time and not for a record, as so many of the star players do, would deservedly carry off the season's honors.

Since the reconstructed National League began its new life, blundering management of teams has characterized the running of a majority of its twelve clubs, and it will continue to do so while the system of engaging players for their records merely and not for their ability in doing team work and in playing harmoniously together, is continued. Especially, too, is the plan of engaging players whose daily habits of life are at war with their ability to do first-class work in the field. Year after year are drinking offenses condoned by the club officials who run the club, and old time drunkards re-engaged for the coming season, while steady, sober players are left out in the cold. Besides this blunder, there is that of engaging half worn out stars in the place of rising young players ambitious of distinguishing themselves in the League arena. This mistake in team management was as conspicuous in 1894 as it was in 1893.

A feature of the professional base ball season of 1894 was the almost phenomenal success of the clubs—alike of the minor leagues as of the great major league itself—in battling against the serious drawback of the "hard times" of the year, which prevailed throughout the entire season. Experience shows that in the sports in vogue which have innate attractions for public patronage in times of great financial difficulties in the commercial centres of the union, the national game stands conspicuous; and the past season in this respect presented a most notable record, no such crowds of spectators ever having been seen at the leading contests of the season as in 1894.

Another feature of the past season was the interest taken in the college club contests of the spring and early summer campaign, the leading club teams giving a superior exhibition of team work play in the field to that of 1893. In fact, the national game flourished as a whole throughout the entire country in 1894 as it never had done before in the history of the game.

The struggle for the League's championship pennant in 1894 was the most noteworthy one on record in one particular respect, and that was in the exciting struggle by the three leaders of the first division for the championship, which struggle began on June 20th with the Baltimores first and Boston second, and was continued on that line until New York became one of the trio on July 5th, after which date these three clubs occupied the position of first three in the race to the finish, the other nine clubs not being "in it" after July 5th. In all other respects the race for the pennant of 1894 was far from being up to the standard that should characterize the League's championship season, no less than three of the minor league pennant races being more evenly contested than was that of the great major league. From the following record of the difference in percentage points each season between the leader and tail ender it will be seen that in no less than seven of the seasons from 1881 to 1894, inclusive, were the pennant races of past seasons superior in this respect to that of 1894, that of 1891 being the smallest in difference of points on record.

——————————————————————————————- POINTS OF POINTS OF POINTS OF YEARS. DIFFERENCE. | YEARS. DIFFERENCE. | YEARS. DIFFERENCE. ——————————————————————————————- 1881 277 | 1886 493 | 1890 499 1882 441 | 1887 333 | 1891 223 1883 570 | 1888 303 | 1892 367 1884 400 | 1889 328 | 1893 359 1885 442 | | 1894 418 ——————————————————————————————-

Judging by the percentage figures of the twelve clubs, recorded at the end of each month's campaign of the season, the race was a one-sided one almost from the start, the Baltimore and Boston clubs being in the leading positions from the very outset of the race, the remaining ten clubs fighting for third place from April 19th to June 20th, when New York took the lead of the other nine, joining Baltimore and Boston in the struggle for the leading position.

A League pennant race—or that of a minor league, for that matter—to be up to the regulation standard, should at least show a difference in percentage figures varying, on the average, not far from 250 points; a model race, in these figures, not exceeding 200 points. But this standard has not been reached in League records for fifteen years, the best being over 223 points. Then, too, comes the record of the occupancy of the several positions of the two divisions, this, to a certain extent, showing the character of the pennant race of the season. In this regard, an evenly contested race should show a weekly change of position in each division, for one thing, and also a change from first division to second division at least once a month. A model race should see the first three positions changed weekly, the first six places at least fortnightly, and the tail end positions once a month at farthest. But what does the figures of the pennant race of the League for 1894 show? Let us glance at the; records of the occupancy of the first and second divisions in last year's pennant race. From the 22d of April to the close of the season, the Baltimore and Boston clubs were never out of the ranks of the first division clubs; nor were the Chicago, Washington and Louisville clubs ever out of those of the second division. This alone was a one-sided condition of affairs in the race. From May 1st to July 17th the Philadelphia and Pittsburgh clubs occupied positions in the first division, and the Cleveland club was in the first division from April 22d to June 27th and from July 17th to the finish, while New York was in the same division from June 29th to the close and Brooklyn from August 27th to the end of the season. On the other hand, Chicago, St. Louis and Cincinnati, together with Washington and Louisville, were practically out of the race from May to September.

The April campaign finished with St. Louis, Cleveland and Boston tied for first place in the race, with Philadelphia, Baltimore and Cincinnati following. Boston and Baltimore's occupancy of fourth and fifth places being the lowest each occupied during the entire season's campaign, while Cincinnati's position, tied for that of first in the race on April 20th, was the highest that club reached from April 19th to September 30th; St. Louis, as tied for first place, together with Louisville on April 20th, was the highest these three clubs reached. Baltimore was the first to reach the leading place in the race, that club being first, with the percentage figures of 1.000, on April 24th; St. Louis occupying the lead on April 28th; Cleveland on May 2d, that club occupying the leading place from that date to May 28th, when Pittsburgh jumped into first place for a short time. Boston occupied the lead for the first time on April 26th. The nearest New York got to the leading position was on April 19th, when the club was tied for first place with Boston, St. Louis and Washington. The highest position the "Phillies" reached in the pennant campaign was second place, which they occupied on May 23d. Brooklyn's highest position was reached on June 22d, when that club occupied third place. Chicago's highest was eighth place, and the only clubs which stood in the last ditch were Chicago, up to May 10th; Washington, from May to August 15th, and afterwards Louisville up to the finish of the season.

For the first time in the annals of the League, but one western club occupied a position in the first division as early in the season as July 2d, when the Pittsburgh club stood fourth in the race, following Baltimore, Boston and Brooklyn, being followed by Philadelphia and New York, Cleveland at that date being in the second division. On July 17th Cleveland replaced Brooklyn in the first division, and remained there to the finish of the race. Pittsburgh was driven into the ranks of the second division on August 21st, and failed to get back again. Baltimore had the pennant virtually in hand in August, and New York drove Boston out of the second place on September 6th, the percentage figures of the three leaders on that day showing Baltimore to be in the van with .676, New York .652, and Boston .646; with the "Phillies" fourth, the Brooklyns fifth and the Clevelands sixth, these relative positions not afterwards being changed. Neither were those of the clubs in the second division at that date, except in the case of the Cincinnati and St. Louis clubs, the team under the Boss Manager, Chris Von der Ahe beating the Brush-Comiskey combination team of Cincinnati out the very last day of the race, greatly to the disgust of the Cincinnati cranks.

A great disappointment to the Louisville cranks, whose pet club started the season with a picked team of star players, containing three ex-captains of League teams, in Pfeffer, D. Richardson and Tom Brown—was the sad falling off of that club from the position of being tied for first place with Baltimore and Boston in April, to a permanent place in the last ditch in August, a result which relieved Manager Schmelz considerably, as up to August 22nd Washington had occupied the tail end position in the race from July 9th to August 23d. Similar bad management of a club team had retired Pittsburgh from second position, on June 8th, to seventh place, on July 2d, and it was only through a wise change of managers that the club was able to retain the lead in the second division to the end of the campaign.

An incident of the campaign of 1894 was the disastrous start in the race made by the Chicago club, which occupied the tail end position in the race at the close of the April campaign and remained in the last ditch up to May 11th, after which the club gradually passed the Washington, Louisville, Cincinnati and St, Louis teams, finally occupying eighth position the last of September. The pennant race of 1894, as a whole, was a decided failure as far as an evenly contested race was concerned, the only exception in the way of an exciting struggle for the lead being that between the three leaders from July 5th to September 30th, this being the one redeeming feature of the League championship campaign of 1894.

Not since 1890 has a new candidate for League championship been successful in winning the pennant, but in 1894 another club was added to the list of League pennant winners, the interest in the annual races, of course, being thereby proportionately increased. In 1876, when the League was organized, Chicago was the first city to win League championship honors, and in 1877 Boston entered the arena of pennant winners. Next came Providence in 1879, after which a whole decade of League seasons passed without a new pennant winner being added to the above two, Detroit winning in 1887 for the first time. Next came New York in 1888, followed by Brooklyn in 1890, and now Baltimore has entered the contest arena of champion clubs, that city winning the honors in 1894. During the intervals of this period of nineteen years of League championship campaigns the Boston and Chicago clubs won the majority of pennant races; Boston carrying off the flag during the seasons of 1877, 1878, 1883, 1891, 1892 and 1893, and Chicago winning in 1876, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1885 and 1886, this latter club being the only one to win the pennant in three successive years, from 1876 to 1890 inclusive, the Bostons not being three time winners until the seasons of 1891, 1892 and 1893. That club, however, is the only one to win the championship in four successive seasons—outside of the League—since the professional championship was inaugurated in 1871, the Bostons afterwards winning in 1872, 1873, 1874 and 1875. There are now in the League eight clubs out of the twelve which have yet to win a single pennant race, viz., the Philadelphia and Washington clubs of the Eastern divisions, and all six of the Western clubs. There are also but four clubs now in the League which have never reached higher than second position since the League was organized, viz., Louisville, 1877—that club's earned title to first place having been lost by the crookedness of four of its team of that year—Cincinnati in 1878, Philadelphia in 1887 and Pittsburgh in 1893, while there are two clubs now in the League which have never reached higher than third place, viz., St. Louis in 1876, and Cleveland in 1880 and 1893. The only aspirant for a position in League pennant races higher than fourth place at the close of the season now in the League is the Washington club; so there is plenty of room to win honors in 1895 if only in getting in among the six leaders by October next.

It is about time that the record of the championship campaigns of each year should be divided up, in order that the leading minority of the competing teams may be awarded the additional credit due them for obtaining positions of special distinction during each season; beginning, of course, with the winner of the pennant, and followed by the occupants of second and third positions with the three other clubs of the first division ranking in due order. By thus extending the list of honorary positions in the race an additional incentive for making extra efforts toward the close of the race is given to each one of the twelve clubs of the League at large. Thus, in the early part of the championship campaign, if two or three clubs find themselves hopelessly contending for the pennant itself, there will still be left over those of the other two honorary places in the race, viz., second and third positions, to compete for; and failing to achieve success to that extent, there will be one or other of the last three places in the first division to strive for. This opens the door to win other creditable places in the season's race to be fought for by the six clubs of the second division, instead of their losing heart in the contest, simply because, by the end of the May or June campaign, they are left without a chance of winning the pennant. It would seem to be, from this view of the case, an object of special interest for the League to award a series of honorary prizes to the players of each team attaining one or other of the three leading positions in the race of each year, in the proportion, we will say, of $3,000 for the first place, $2,000 for second and $1,000 for third. In the future the GUIDE will give special prominence, in its statistical records, to the clubs attaining second and third positions; in the race, leaving a less detailed record to the other nine clubs entering the campaign for championship honors, this change beginning with the GUIDE of 1895. We now present first in order the complete record of the Baltimore champions of 1894:

An interesting statistical chapter of the GUIDE of 1895 includes the comparative tables of the three leaders in the pennant race of 1894, viz., those of the Baltimore, New York and Boston clubs, the struggle between these three clubs being a decidedly attractive feature of the past season's championship campaign. The season opened on April 19th, and the close of the first day's play saw the Boston and New York clubs tied for first place, with Baltimore tied with four other clubs for second place, only eight of the twelve clubs playing on that day. By the end of the first month's campaign, on April 30th, Boston had dropped to third position; Baltimore to fifth place and New York down to ninth in the race. On May 31st, the close of the second month's campaign, Baltimore led Boston, being then in third position, and Boston in fourth, New York having pulled up to sixth place. On June 2d Baltimore jumped to first place, with Boston fifth and New York seventh. By June 9th the Bostons had got up to second place, but New York was still in the second division, Baltimore, of course, still leading in the race on that date. At the end of the third month of the season's campaign, on June 30th, Baltimore held the lead, with the percentage of victories of .712, with Boston second, having .667 in percentage figures, while New York had got back into the first division again with the figures of .564. On July 5th the "Giants" had worked up to third place, preceded by Baltimore and Boston, each with the percentage figures respectively of .679, .672 and .593, it being a close fight at this time between Baltimore and Boston, while New York was close behind. From July 5th to the finish these three clubs occupied the three leading positions in the race, the others being virtually "not in it," as far as winning the pennant was concerned. This fact alone made the pennant race of 1894 a very one-sided one, as nearly three months of the season's games remained to be played. At the end of the July campaign the record showed Boston in the van, with the percentage figures of .659, to Baltimore's .618 and New York's .613, Boston having taken the lead from Baltimore on July 24th, It was just about this time that Boston stock on the racing market was above par, it being fully expected at this time that the best the Baltimores would be likely to accomplish would be to retain second place, while New Yorkers were sanguine at this period of the contest that the "Giants" would soon lead Baltimore. The Boston champions retained first position up to July 30th, while New York tried in vain to push Baltimore out of second place. By, the close of the August campaign the Baltimores, by a brilliant rally, had replaced Boston in the lead, the record on August 31st showing Baltimore in the van with the percentage figures of .657, followed by Boston with .645, and New York close to the champions with .639. Now came a grand fight for second place on the part of New York, the Bostons, from this time to the finish failing to make the accustomed final rally which their friends had anticipated. On September 6th New York ousted Boston out of second place, at which date Baltimore led with the percentage figures of .676, followed by New York with .652, Boston's figures being .646; the rest of the clubs in the first division at that time being in the five hundreds only in percentage figures. Boston got down to .632 on September 19th, New York being then credited with .667 and Baltimore "way up" with .692. It was now Baltimore's race and New York was regarded as a fixture for second position, there being a difference in percentage points between Baltimore and Boston of no less, than 62 points on September 22d; New York then being behind Baltimore 39 points and ahead of Boston 24 points; in fact, a week before the finish, on September 30th, the positions of the three leaders were fixtures, the only interest left remaining being the struggle between Philadelphia, Brooklyn and Cleveland for fourth place. As before remarked, the chief interest in the September campaign was the expectation on the part of the majority of the patrons of the game that the Bostons would rally towards the finish and that the Baltimores would fall off during the last week or two; instead, however, it was the Boston champions who failed to play up to their old mark, while it was the Baltimores who did the rallying, and in fine style, too, under the leadership of the champion manager of the campaign of 1894.

We have the pleasure of greeting a new champion club in the League arena in the GUIDE of 1895, viz., the Baltimore club, and it is therefore a point of interest to give a brief resume of its career from the time it entered the defunct American Association in 1882 to the date of its being taken into the reconstructed National League in 1892. The Baltimore club's career in the late American Association was one thing; that of its progress since the club was taken into the National League is altogether quite a different matter. From 1882, the year of the organizing of the old American Association, up to the period of its secession from the National Agreement ranks in 1891, the Baltimore club occupied the position of being the occupant of the "last ditch" in the Association's pennant races for no less than four years, viz., in 1882, 1883, 1885 and 1886. In 1884, when twelve clubs were in the Association race of that year, the highest the Baltimore club reached was sixth position. In 1888, 1889 and 1890, the club got no higher than fifth place in the three races of those years; while the nearest it could get to first place during the decade of the eighties was in 1887, when it ended in third place, being led by St. Louis and Cincinnati. During all that period William Barnie was the club's manager. In 1892 he was superseded by Manager Hanlon; and from that date to the close of the past season, the club began to get out of its previous "slough of despond," induced by its repeated failures to win a pennant race.

Here is the club's record while in the American Association, from 1882 to 1890, inclusive, showing the positions occupied in the several pennant races of that period:

——————————————————————————— NUMBER OF CLUBS YEAR. POSITION. IN THE RACE. ——————————————————————————— 1882 Sixth (last ditch) Six. 1883 Eighth " Eight. 1884 Sixth. Twelve. 1885 Eighth (last ditch) Eight. 1886 Eighth " Eight. 1887 Third. Eight. 1888 Fifth. Eight. 1889 Fifth. Eight. 1890 Fifth. Eight. ———————————————————————————

In 1891 the Cincinnati club was ahead of the Baltimores when the former was transferred to Milwaukee, after which the "Reds" broke badly, and the Baltimores were thus enabled to get into third place. The wretched management of the Association during the year was costly in demoralization to every club in the race. Up to the date of the Cincinnati transfer, that club stood with a percentage of .619, to Baltimore's .526. During the season of 1892 the Baltimore club occupied an experimental position in the race of that year, Manager Hanlon not joining the club in 1892 until too late to get a good team together. They began the campaign of 1893 low down in the race record, but they finally pulled up among the six leaders, beating out Brooklyn in the race by 10 games to 2, as well as St. Louis, Louisville and Cleveland; but they were so badly beaten by Boston-2 games to 10-and by Pittsburgh—1 game to 11-that they finished in eighth place only. That season's experience enabled Manager Hanlon to prepare for 1894 with a better chance of success than he had had since he took the club in hand, and the effect of the improved management was made apparent before the May campaign of 1894 had ended, his team closing that month one among the three leaders. From that position the club was not afterwards removed, the team first heading the Bostons and finally taking the lead in the race, the New Yorks coming in second, ahead of the previous three-time champion club of Boston.

THE BALTIMORE CLUB'S RECORD.

Under the heading of "The Three Leaders in the Race," will be found the record of the monthly campaigns of the Baltimores and the progress made by Hanlon's team from the start to the finish in the race of 1894. We now give the detailed record of the season's campaign of the Baltimores in full.

Here is the record of the club's victories, defeats, games played and drawn, and the percentage of victories made against each individual club, as well as the grand percentage against all of the eleven opposed to the Baltimores:

—————————————————————————————————————-
              EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                      P
                      h
                      i W P C L
                      l a C i S i o
              N a B s l t t n u
              e d r h e t C . c i
BALTIMORE w B e o i v s h i s
                  o l o n e b i L n v
vs. Y s p k g l u c o n i
              o t h l t a r a u a l
              r o i y o n g g i t l
              k n a n n d h o s i e Grand
                                Totals Total Total
——————————————————————————————————————
Victories 6 4 6 8 11 35 9 6 9 10 10 10 54 89
Defeats 6 8 4 4 1 23 8 4 2 2 2 2 16 39
Games played 12 12 10 12 12 58 12 10 12 12 12 12 70 128
Drawn games 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Per cent. of
Victories .500.333.400.667.917 .603 .750.600.750.833.833.833 .771 .695
—————————————————————————————————————-

It will be seen that the "Orioles," under Hanlon, did the pennant winning business up in style in 1894. Of the six Eastern clubs in the race, they tied the New York "Giants," had the best of the unfinished series with the "Phillies," took the Brooklyns into camp without difficulty, had almost a walkover with the Washingtons, and found the Boston champions the only club that got the best of them in the five series played against their Eastern adversaries, their percentage of victories against the Bostons being only .333, while their figures against the Washingtons were as high as .917. Against their six Western opponents, the Baltimores almost wiped out the St. Louis, Cincinnati and Louisville teams, each of these clubs winning but two games out of the twelve played with the "Orioles," while the best each of the Cleveland and Chicago teams could do was to win three of the twelve, the Pittsburgh "Pirates" being the only Western team to trouble them, their series with that club being unfinished, with a credit of but four victories to Pittsburgh's six. Only one game was drawn, and that with the "Phillies."

—————————————————————————————————————- EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS. P h i W P C L l a C i S i o N a B s l t t n u e d r h e t C . c i BALTIMORE w B e o i v s h i s o l o n e b i L n v vs. Y s p k g l u c o n i o t h l t a r a u a l r o i y o n g g i t l k n a n n d h o s i e Grand Totals Total Total —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 Series lost 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Series tied 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Series unfinished 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 "Chicago" victories 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 "Chicago" defeats 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 Won by 1 run 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 3 2 2 9 11 Lost by 1 run 1 1 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 1 0 4 7 Single figure victories 2 1 2 4 3 12 6 1 2 7 5 7 28 40 Single figure defeats 5 3 2 1 0 11 1 3 1 0 1 1 7 18 Double figure victories 4 3 4 4 8 23 3 5 8 3 5 2 26 49 Double figure defeats 1 5 2 3 1 12 2 1 2 2 1 1 9 21 Home victories 5 1 4 5 5 20 6 4 7 8 6 6 37 57 Home defeats 1 4 2 2 1 10 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 13 Victories abroad 1 2 3 3 6 15 3 2 2 2 4 4 17 32 Defeats abroad 5 4 2 2 0 13 2 3 3 1 2 2 13 26 —————————————————————————————————————-

It will be seen that the Baltimores "shut out" but one Eastern team and not a single Western opponent, while they themselves were "Chicagoed" once by each, viz., by New York and Louisville, the tail ender's "shut out" being annoying. Only two of their contests with the Eastern teams were won by a single run, but they won three games against the Eastern teams by one run. They lost seven games by a single run, three of them in the East and four against Western adversaries. No less than forty of their games were won by single figure scores, viz., 12 against Eastern teams and 28 against Western opponents. They lost a total of but 18 single figure games. Their double figure victories were no less than 49, against but 21 double figure defeats. They won 57 home victories against 32 abroad, the defeats being 18 at home to 26 abroad. Take it all in all, the Baltimores did splendid work in the box, the field and at the bat, the only drawback to their creditable season's campaign being too much kicking and rowdy ball playing, in the latter of which McGraw was the principal offender.

The New York club's team entered the campaign of 1894 decidedly handicapped. The club had excellent material at command wherewith to make up a strong team; but the manager had great difficulty at first in getting it into team work condition, he being hampered by the interference of the class of scribe managers of League cities who are very confident of their ability to run a club team better, on paper, than the actual manager can on the field. Then, too, a minority of these journalists seem to delight in getting up sensations which lead to discord in the ranks of a team; as they have their pet players on the teams, as well as those they have a special grudge against; moreover, the directors of the club were at times, in the early part of the season, not in accord with the manager in his methods of selecting players, and in appointing them to special positions. Finally the experience of April and May taught the club officials that if much more of the interference racket was continued, the result would be a permanent place in the second division, inasmuch as on May 24th, the club stood no higher than eighth place, with but little likelihood at that time of getting any higher. By June, however, an improved condition of affairs in running the team was manifested; the scribe managers were ignored, the manager was given more control of the team, and by the close of the June campaign the New York club was in the first division, and by the end of July were among the three leaders, where they remained until the end of the race.

The club was fortunate in being able to make its team unusually strong in its battery players. The very profitable and liberal investment made by Director Wheeler, in the purchase of the release of Meekin and Farrell, was a potent factor in enabling the club to reach the high position it did, both of these model players, in their respective positions, proving to be a great accession to the strength of the club's team. Another valuable acquisition to their team was that noted college player, young Murphy, he proving to be the most valuable utility man in the club, and an equal of Ward in team-work batting. By the closing month of the campaign the team had been trained up to the point of working together in more harmony, besides doing better team-work in their batting than any previous players of the club had ever before exhibited. Moreover, the team, during 1894, manifested greater rallying power at the finish in a game than ever before, they fully equaling the Bostons in this respect; in fact, this past season they excelled the champions in securing the lead in the latter part of a contest, a very important factor in winning pennants. THE NEW YORK CLUB'S RECORD.

The record of the club for 1894 giving the victories and defeats scored, with the total of games played, and the percentage of victories against each club is as follows:

—————————————————————————————————————-
              EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P
                        h
                        i W P C L
              B l a C i S i o
              a a B s l t t n u
              l d r h e t C . c i
NEW YORK t B e o i v s h i s
              i o l o n e b i L n v
vs. m s p k g l u c o n i
              o t h l t a r a u a l
              r o i y o n g g i t l
              e n a n n d h o s i e
                                    Totals Totals
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 6 6 5 7 10 34 9 8 11 7 7 12 54
Defeats 6 6 7 5 10 26 3 4 1 5 5 0 18
Games Played 12 12 12 12 12 60 12 12 12 12 12 12 72
Per cent. of
Victories .500 .500 .417 .583 .833 .567 .750 .667 .917 .583 .583 1.00 .750
—————————————————————————————————————-

The above record shows that the "Giants" defeated Brooklyn and Washington in the Eastern series of games, and tied with Boston and Baltimore, they losing to the "Phillies" only. Against the Western clubs they won every series, excelling both Baltimore and Boston in this latter respect, as the Baltimores failed to get the best of the Pittsburghs, and the Bostons were tied with the St. Louis. Then, too, the "Giants" excelled the other two leading clubs in shutting out Louisville in no less than thirteen successive games, one game being thrown out. In addition they took Anson's "Colts" into camp in eleven out of twelve games, and defeated the Washingtons in ten games out of the twelve of the series.

The record of the series of games won, lost, tied and unfinished, together with that of the "Chicago" victories and defeats, and the single and double figure games of the New York and Boston clubs is as follows:

—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                     P
                     h
                     i W P C L
               B l a C i S i o
               a a B s l t t n u
               l d r h e t C . c i
NEW YORK t B e o i v s h i s
               i o l o n e b i L n v
vs. m s p k g l u c o n i
               o t h l t a r a u a l
               r o i y o n g g i t l
               e n a n n d h o s i e Grand
                             Totals Totals Totals
—————————————————————————————————————-
Series won 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 8
Series lost 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Series tied 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Series
unfinished 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
"Chicago"
  victories 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 5
"Chicago"
  defeats 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4
Single figure
  victories 5 4 2 3 7 21 7 7 8 5 4 7 38 59
Single figure
  defeats 2 4 4 2 1 13 1 1 0 5 5 0 12 25
Double figure
  victories 1 2 3 4 3 13 2 1 3 2 3 5 16 29
Double figure
  defeats 4 2 3 3 1 13 2 3 1 0 0 0 6 19
—————————————————————————————————————-

The foregoing table shows that the New York club won eight out of the eleven series, they losing but one—that with Philadelphia -and tieing two, one with Baltimore and one with Boston. In "Chicago" games they won five and lost four, and in single figure games they won 59 and lost but 25, while in double figure games they won 29 only and lost but 19.

THE BOSTON CLUB'S RECORD.

The Boston club, in 1894, after being League pennant winners three years in succession, was obliged to fall back to third place in the past year's pennant race, after a hard fight for first place in the race from April to September, that club standing in first place on April 26th and also on the 29th of August, they varying their position but little during that period. Hitherto, in the races of 1891, '92 and '93, the Bostons were noted for their rallying powers, not only in the latter part of a game, but especially in the closing month of each season. It will be remembered, that in 1892, though they had to succumb to Cleveland in the last part of the divided campaign of that year, they rallied handsomely and easily won the championship in the world's series of that year. This year, however, they went back on their record badly, in failing to attend to the rallying business in the last month of the campaign, the result being that they not only lost the pennant, but had to submit to being forced into third place in the race. The question as to "why this was thusly" is not easy to answer. It may be said, for one thing, that the loss of the valuable services of the veteran Bennett, was one drawback to their success, and the failure of a majority of their pitchers, another; their only really successful "battery" team being Nichols and Ganzel. Then, too, they lost ground in playing, as well as in popularity, by the kicking and noisy coaching profanities of a minority of their team; that kind of "hustling" in a team having become played out as a winning factor in the game in 1894. It must not be forgotten, however, that the Boston club, in 1894, encountered stronger teams in New York and Baltimore than ever before; moreover, they were troubled considerably by the strong opposition of the St. Louis club's team, the only club to score three straight victories from them during the season. That the club had the material to do better than they did, goes without saying; it was a failure in its running that did the business, chiefly.

Here is the record of the victories, defeats, games played, and percentage of victories against each club for the past season of 1894:

—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P
                        h
                        i W P C L
              B l a C i S i o
              a N a B s l t t n u
              l e d r h e t C . c i
BOSTON t w e o i v s h i s
              i l o n e b i L n v
vs. m Y p k g l u c o n i
              o o h l t a r a u a l
              r r i y o n g g i t l
              e k a n n d h o s i e
                                    Totals Totals
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 8 6 6 6 9 35 9 8 7 6 8 10 48
Defeats 4 6 6 6 3 25 3 4 5 6 4 2 24
Games Played 12 12 12 12 12 60 12 12 12 12 12 12 72
Per cent. of
Victories .667 .500 .500 .500 .250 .583 .250 .667 .583 .500 .667 .833 .667
—————————————————————————————————————-

The Bostons, in 1894, took the Baltimore and Washington teams into camp without difficulty, but the best they could do against New York, Philadelphia and Brooklyn, was to tie each series. Against the Western clubs, it will be seen, the only club that troubled them was the St. Louis Browns. Four series tied out of the eleven they played was an unusual record for the ex-champions. In victories, they did better against the West than against the East, by 48 victories to 35; in defeats, however, the result was more even, viz., 25 to 24.

The following is the club's record of series won, lost, tied and unfinished, together with the "Chicago" victories and defeats, and the single and double figure victories and defeats scored by the club in 1894:

—————————————————————————————————————- EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS. P h i W P C L B l a C i S i o a N a B s l t t n u l e d r h e t C . c i BOSTON t w e o i v s h i s i l o n e b i L n v vs. m Y p k g l u c o n i o o h l t a r a u a l r r i y o n g g i t l e k a n n d h o s i e Grand Totals Totals Totals —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 5 7 Series lost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Series tied 0 1 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 Series unfinished 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "Chicago" victories 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 "Chicago" defeats 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Single figure victories 4 4 4 3 0 15 2 7 2 0 3 5 19 34 Single figure defeats 1 4 1 3 2 11 1 1 1 5 2 1 11 22 Double figure victories 4 2 2 3 9 20 7 1 5 6 5 5 29 49 Double figure defeats 3 2 5 3 1 14 2 3 4 1 2 1 13 27 —————————————————————————————————————-

The club won but seven of the eleven series played in 1894, though they did not lose a series, no less than four being tied. In "Chicago" games they won but 3, but did not lose a single game by a "shut out." By way of comparison, we give below the records of the same three clubs in 1893, when the three leaders in the race were Boston. Pittsburgh and Cleveland, and the three leaders of the Eastern teams were Boston, Philadelphia and New York, the Baltimores that year being eighth only. Singularly enough, all three clubs did better against their Eastern confreres in 1893 than against the Western clubs.

RECORDS OF 1893.

—————————————————————————————————————-
              EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P
                        h
                        i W P C L
              B l a C i S i o
              a N a B s l t t n u
              l e d r h e t C . c i
BOSTON t w e o i v s h i s
              i l o n e b i L n v
vs. m Y p k g l u c o n i
              o o h l t a r a u a l
              r r i y o n g g i t l
              e k a n n d h o s i e
                                    Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 10 8 8 8 7 41 7 4 8 10 6 10 45
Defeats 2 4 4 4 5 19 5 6 3 2 6 2 24
Games played 12 12 12 12 12 60 12 10 11 12 12 12 72
Per cent. of
Victories .853 .667 .667 .667 .583 .680 .583 .400 .727 .833 .500 .833 .652
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————-
              EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P
                        h
                        i W P C L
              B l a C i S i o
              a a B s l t t n u
              l d r h e t C . c i
NEW YORK t B e o i v s h i s
              i o l o n e b i L n v
vs. m s p k g l u c o n i
              o t h l t a r a u a l
              r o i y o n g g i t l
              e n a n n d h o s i e
                                    Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 8 4 7 6 7 32 6 4 5 8 6 7 36
Defeats 4 8 5 6 5 28 6 8 7 4 6 5 36
Games played 12 12 12 12 12 60 12 12 12 12 12 12 72
Per cent. of
Victories .667 .333 .583 .500 .583 .533 .500 .333 .417 .667 .500 .417 .500
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————-
              EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P
                        h
                        i W P C L
                        l a C i S i o
              N a B s l t t n u
              e d r h e t C . c i
BALTIMORE w B e o i v s h i s
                   o l o n e b i L n v
vs. Y s p k g l u c o n i
              o t h l t a r a u a l
              r o i y o n g g i t l
              k n a n n d h o s i e
                                    Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 4 2 5 10 7 28 8 1 5 9 4 5 32
Defeats 8 10 7 2 5 32 4 11 7 3 8 5 38
Games played 12 12 12 12 12 60 12 12 12 12 12 10 70
Per cent. of
Victories .383 .167 .417 .833 .583 .467 .667 .083 .417 .750 .333 .560 .475
—————————————————————————————————————-

To show what the new rivals—the New York and Baltimore clubs—did in the two past seasons combined, we give the figures of the double records of 1893 and 1894:

—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P
                        h
                        i W P C L
              B l a C i S i o
              a a B s l t t n u
              l d r h e t C . c i
NEW YORK t B e o i v s h i s
              i o l o n e b i L n v
vs. m s p k g l u c o n i
              o t h l t a r a u a l
              r o i y o n g g i t l
              e n a n n d h o s i e
                                    Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 14 10 12 13 17 66 15 12 16 13 15 19 90
Defeats 10 14 12 11 7 51 9 12 8 11 9 5 54
Games played 24 24 24 24 24 120 24 24 24 24 24 24 144
Per cent. of
Victories .383 .417 .500 .542 .708 .550 .625 .500 .667 .542 .625 .792 .625
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P
                        h
                        i W P C L
                        l a C i S i o
              N a B s l t t n u
              e d r h e t C . c i
BALTIMORE w B e o i v s h i s
                   o l o n e b i L n v
vs. Y s p k g l u c o n i
              o t h l t a r a u a l
              r o i y o n g g i t l
              k n a n n d h o s i e
                                    Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 10 6 11 18 18 63 17 7 14 14 18 15 85
Defeats 14 18 11 6 6 55 7 15 10 10 5 7 54
Games played 24 24 22 24 24 118 24 22 24 24 23 22 139
Per cent. of
Victories .417 .250 .500 .750 .534 .708 .708 .318 .583 .583 .783 .682 .612
—————————————————————————————————————-

In this combined record New York leads Baltimore, the poor season's work of 1893 by the Baltimores more than offsetting the honors they won in 1894.

THE PHILADELPHIA CLUB'S CAMPAIGN.

At the end of the first day's contests, on April 19th, four clubs were tied for first place as victors, and four others were tied next in order as losers, the third four of the twelve clubs of the League not playing until the 20th of April. At the end of the first week's play in the April campaign the "Phillies" stood fourth in the race, they being headed by Boston, Cleveland and St. Louis, respectively, and followed by Baltimore and Cincinnati, all of which six clubs were in the first division, the Pittsburgh, New York, Louisville, Washington, Brooklyn and Chicago following in order in the second division; the difference in percentage figures between the leader and tail ender being 833 points, as the Chicago team had not then won a single game out of six played, and the Brooklyns but one, while the "Phillies" had won 5 out of 7, they starting off well, Boston, Cleveland and St. Louis having won 5 out of 6 played. By the end of the April campaign the "Phillies" stood in fourth place, being led by St. Louis, Cleveland and Boston, the other first division clubs being Baltimore and Cincinnati. During the May campaign the "Phillies" fluctuated between fifth place on May 9th up to second position on May 16th, finally finishing the May campaign a poor fifth on May 31st, with Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Baltimore and Boston in advance of them, and New York close at their heels. In June the "Phillies" began to do a little better, and by June 18th, they had pulled up to second place, with Baltimore in the van and Boston close behind the "Quakers." Then once more they fell back in the race, the close of the June campaign seeing them in fifth place, and in the rear of Baltimore, Boston, Brooklyn and Pittsburgh, with New York within a few points of them. During July this "up-hill and down-dale" method of racing was continued until July 23d, when they were driven into the ranks of the second division clubs, they occupying seventh place on that date, the end of the July campaign seeing the team in seventh place, with a percentage of victories of .526, Boston, Baltimore, New York, Cleveland, Brooklyn and Pittsburgh being the six first division clubs. During the August campaign the "Phillies" got back into the first division ranks, and on the 21st of that month were in fourth place, which position they retained to the end of that month's campaign. They tried in vain to get higher, but could not do so, and on the last day of the season they stood a bad fourth, the next club above them leading them by 75 points in percentage figures, and by eleven games.

The following is the Philadelphia club's record of victories and defeats scored, with the total number of games played, and the percentage of victories against each club, and also the record of the series won, lost, tied and unfinished, together with the "Chicago" victories and defeats, and the single and double figure victories and defeats scored by the club during 1894:

THE PHILADELPHIA CLUB'S RECORD.

—————————————————————————————————————-
              EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                                  W P C L
              B a C i S i o
              a N B s l t t n u
              l e r h e t C . c i
PHILADELPHIA t w B o i v s h i s
              i o o n e b i L n v
vs. m Y s k g l u c o n i
              o o t l t a r a u a l
              r r o y o n g g i t l
              e k n n n d h o s i e
                                    Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 4 7 6 7 8 32 5 8 5 5 8 8 39
Defeats 6 5 6 5 4 26 7 4 7 7 2 3 30
Games played 10 12 12 12 12 58 12 12 12 12 10 11 69
Per cent. of
Victories .400 .583 .500 .583 .667 .552 .417 .667 .417 .417 .800 .727 .585
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————-
EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.

W P C L B a C i S i o a N B s l t t n u l e r h e t C . c i PHILADELPHIA t w B o i v s h i s i o o n e b i L n v vs. m Y s k g l u c o n i o o t l t a r a u a l r r o y o n g g i t l e k n n n d h o s i e Grand Totals Totals Totals —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 0 1 0 1 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 6 Series lost 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 3 3 Series tied 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Series unfinished 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 "Chicago" victories 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 3 3 "Chicago" defeats 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Single figure victories 2 4 3 3 3 15 3 3 1 2 2 2 13 28 Single figure defeats 2 2 5 5 3 12 2 3 0 3 3 0 10 22 Double figure victories 2 3 3 4 5 17 2 5 4 3 6 6 26 43 Double figure defeats 4 3 1 0 1 8 5 1 7 4 2 3 22 30 —————————————————————————————————————-

The above table shows that the Philadelphia team in their games with their Eastern opponents had but little difficulty in defeating the Washingtons, besides getting the best of both New York and Brooklyn in the race. But they lost to Baltimore and tied with Boston. With the Western teams they did not do so well, as they only won three out of the six series, they winning easily with Cincinnati by 8 to 2 in won games, while they had but little difficulty with Louisville and Pittsburgh. They lost with Cleveland, Chicago and St. Louis by 5 to 7 each in won games.

THE BROOKLYN CLUB'S CAMPAIGN.

The Brooklyn club opened the season's campaign on April 19th, and at the close of the first day's play, stood tied with Baltimore, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh for fifth place, they standing as low as eleventh position on April 23d. During the May campaign they made but little headway in the race, as, up to May 22d they had got no higher than seventh place. After that they got into the first division for a few days, but at the end of the May campaign they were tied with New York for sixth place; Pittsburgh, on May 31st, being in the van, with Cleveland and Baltimore second and third, Pittsburgh's percentage figures being .710 at this date; the "Orioles" being followed by Boston and Philadelphia. The Brooklyns began the June campaign by leading New York and taking up a position in the first division, occupying sixth place, next to Boston, then in fifth position. By June 19th they had reached fourth place, and they closed their June campaign in third position, Baltimore leading, with Boston second. During the early part of July the Brooklyns fell back to sixth place, and the "Giants" jumped into third position. On July 31st the Brooklyns stood fifth only, and they began falling lower the first week in August, and on the fourth of that month were back in the second division ranks, and after that date "the subsequent proceedings interested them no more," as far as the three leading positions were concerned. They remained in seventh place up to August 21st when they got back into the first division, and on August 31st they were in fifth place. During September there was a close fight between Cleveland and Brooklyn for that position, but finally the Brooklyns retained it at the finish by the percentage figures of .534 to .527, a lead of but seven points. The Brooklyn team made but a poor record against their Eastern team rivals in 1894, but were more successful against the Western clubs. They won but one series in the East, and that was against the tail-end Washingtons, Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia beating them out in the race, while they tied the Bostons. Against the Western clubs they won in three series; tied with two others, and had the series with Cleveland, but they only won four series out of the eleven.

The following tables show the Brooklyn club's record of victories and defeats scored, with the total number of games played and the percentage of victories against each club; also, the record of the series won, lost, tied and unfinished, together with the "Chicago" victories and defeats, and the single and double figure victories and defeats scored by the club during the season of 1894:

THE BROOKLYN CLUB'S RECORD.

—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                             P
                             h
                             i W P C L
              B l a C i S i o
              a N a s l t t n u
              l e d h e t C . c i
BROOKLYN t w B e i v s h i s
              i o l n e b i L n v
vs. m Y s p g l u c o n i
              o o t h t a r a u a l
              r r o i o n g g i t l
              e k n a n d h o s i e
                                    Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 4 5 6 5 9 29 6 7 6 8 6 8 41
Defeats 8 7 6 7 3 31 5 5 6 4 6 4 30
Games Played 12 12 12 12 12 60 11 12 12 12 12 12 71
Per cent. of
Victories .388 .417 .500 .452 .750 .483 .545 .583 .500 .667 .509 .667 .577
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————- EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS P h i W P C L B l a C i S i o a N a s l t t n u l e d h e t C . c i BROOKLYN t w B e i v s h i s i o l n e b i L n v vs. m Y s p g l u c o n i o o t h t a r a u a l r r o i o n g g i t l e k n a n d h o s i e Grand Total Total Total —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 4 Series lost 1 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Series tied 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 3 Series unfinished 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 "Chicago" victories 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 3 "Chicago" defeats 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 3 Single figure victories 1 2 3 5 3 14 4 3 5 3 1 4 20 34 Single figure defeats 3 3 4 3 1 14 2 2 2 3 3 1 13 27 Double figure victories 3 3 3 0 6 15 2 4 1 5 5 4 21 36 Double figure defeats 5 4 2 4 2 17 3 3 4 1 3 3 18 35 —————————————————————————————————————-

THE CLEVELAND CLUB'S CAMPAIGN.

The Cleveland club did not begin their opening campaign until April 20th, and then in the ranks of the second division; but they soon, jumped to the front, and by the end of the April campaign they stood a tie for first place with Boston and St. Louis, with the percentage figures of .750 each. They opened the May campaign by pushing Boston out of first place, and they retained the leading position from May 2d to the 28th, they reaching the high percentage of .867 on May 10th—the highest of the season. On Decoration Day Pittsburgh went to the front, with the percentage of .700 to Cleveland's .692, and they retained that position to the close of the May campaign. During June the Clevelands fell off, and by the 21st of that month they had got down to fifth place in the race, and by the end of the June campaign had been driven into the ranks of the second division, they then occupying seventh place with a percentage of .549; Pittsburgh, on June 30th, being the only Western team in the first division. This fact alone showed a one-sided race up to that date.

The Clevelands did not get back into the first division until July 17th, and after that they never left it. During August they battled well for third place, but could get no higher than fourth position, where they stood up to August 21st, when they began to fall off, and on August 31st they were down to sixth place. This position they were forced to keep all through September up to the finish of the race.

The Cleveland team managed to win two of their series with the Eastern clubs, viz., with Washington and Philadelphia, but were badly whipped by the three leaders; they managed, however, to make a close fight of it with their old antagonists of Brooklyn, the latter winning the series by a single game only.

With their Western rivals the Clevelands won every series but one, viz., that with the Pittsburgh club, thereby winning the championship of the West for 1894, as Boston did the championship of the East. Then, too, the Clevelands were the only Western club remaining in the first division at the close of the season; so they had some consolation in the race in excelling their Western rivals, all of whom they beat out in the race, even if they failed to win the pennant or to get among the three leaders in the race. Moreover, they excelled all the Western teams in team work in the field and at the bat, as they did the Brooklyns and Washingtons of the Eastern division.

THE CLEVELAND CLUB'S RECORD.
—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                             P
                             h
                             i W P C L
              B l a i S i o
              a N a B s t t n u
              l e d r h t C . c i
CLEVELAND t w B e o i s h i s
              i o l o n b i L n v
vs. m Y s p k g u c o n i
              o o t h l t r a u a l
              r r o i y o g g i t l
              e k n a n n h o s i e
                                         Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 3 3 3 7 5 8 29 4 10 9 8 8 39
Defeats 9 9 9 5 6 4 42 8 2 3 3 3 19
Games Played 12 12 12 12 11 12 71 12 12 12 11 11 58
Per cent. of
Victories .250 .250 .250 .583 .455 .667 .408 .333 .883 .750 .727 .727 .672
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————- EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS. P h i W P C L B l a i S i o a N a B s t t n u l e d r h t C . c i CLEVELAND t w B e o i s h i s i o l o n b i L n v vs. m Y s p k g u c o n i o o t h l t r a u a l r r o i y o g g i t l e k n a n n h o s i e Grand Total Total Total —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 4 6 Series lost 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 4 Series tied 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Series unfinished 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 "Chicago" victories 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 3 1 1 5 7 "Chicago" defeats 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 Single figure victories 1 1 1 2 3 4 12 3 7 7 4 6 27 39 Single figure defeats 6 7 2 3 4 4 26 5 1 1 2 1 10 36 Double figure victories 2 2 2 5 2 4 17 1 3 2 4 2 12 29 Double figure defeats 3 2 7 2 2 0 16 3 1 2 1 2 9 25 —————————————————————————————————————-

THE PITTSBURGH CLUB'S CAMPAIGN.

The Pittsburgh club opened the April campaign in the ranks of the second division, the end of the month seeing the team in seventh place, three other Western teams leading them on April 30th. During May they got into the first division, and May 21st they were among the three leaders, with Cleveland and Baltimore first and second in the race. At the end of the May campaign they had rallied as well, and had pulled up to first place, with the percentage figures of .710 to Cleveland's .679 and Baltimore's .654, Boston, Philadelphia and New York being the next three. In June, the Pittsburghs fell off in the race, and by the 11th of that month they were down to fifth place, then pulled up again after touching sixth position, and on June 30th stood fourth, they then being headed by Baltimore, Boston and Brooklyn, with Philadelphia and New York in their rear. In July they fell off badly, and on the 20th of that month they had been driven out of the first division. At the end of the July campaign they stood sixth in the race. They got a step higher the early part of August, but the end of that month's campaign saw the club once more in the ranks of the second division, and they struggled in vain to get out of the company of the six tail-enders, the end of the race seeing the club in seventh place with the percentage figures of .500, Cleveland leading them by 27 points.

The record of the Pittsburgh club for 1894 giving the victories and defeats scored, with a total of games played and the percentage of victories against each club; also, the record of the series of games won, lost, tied or unfinished, together with that of the "Chicago" victories and defeats, and the single and double figure games scored by the club, is as follows:

THE PITTSBURGH CLUB'S RECORD.
—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                             P
                             h
                             i W C L
              B l a C S i o
              a N a B s l t n u
              l e d r h e C . c i
PITTSBURGH t w B e o i v h i s
              i o l o n e i L n v
vs. m Y s p k g l c o n i
              o o t h l t a a u a l
              r r o i y o n g i t l
              e k n a n n d o s i e
                                         Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 4 4 4 4 5 8 29 8 6 6 7 9 36
Defeats 6 8 8 8 7 4 41 4 6 6 5 3 24
Games played 10 12 12 12 12 12 70 12 12 12 12 12 60
Per cent. of
Victories .400 .333 .333 .333 .417 .667 .414 .667 .500 .500 .500 .583 .600
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————- EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS. P h i W C L B l a C S i o a N a B s l t n u l e d r h e C . c i PITTSBURGH t w B e o i v h i s i o l o n e i L n v vs. m Y s p k g l c o n i o o t h l t a a u a l r r o i y o n g i t l e k n a n n d o s i e Grand Total Total Total —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 4 Series lost 0 1 1 1 1 0 4 . 0 0 0 0 0 4 Series tied 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 2 2 Series unfinished 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 "Chicago" victories 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 "Chicago" defeats 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 . 0 0 0 0 2 2 Single figure victories 3 1 1 3 2 3 13 5 3 4 3 7 22 35 Single figure defeats 1 7 7 3 3 0 21 3 2 4 2 3 14 35 Double figure victories 1 3 3 1 3 5 16 3 3 2 4 2 14 30 Double figure defeats 5 1 1 5 4 4 20 1 4 2 3 0 10 20 —————————————————————————————————————-

The "Pirates," it will be seen, were very unsuccessful against the Eastern teams, the Washingtons being the only club they could win a series from. Against their Western rivals, however, they did not lose a series, defeating Cleveland, Cincinnati and Louisville, and tieing with Chicago and St. Louis. The very club they wanted most to defeat they captured, viz., the Clevelands; that, and the fact that they led the second division clubs being the only consolation they had.

THE CHICAGO CLUB'S CAMPAIGN.

Never before in the history of the Chicago club had any of its teams ever started a pennant race so badly as did the Chicago "Colts" in 1894. They finished the April campaign with the unenviable record of eight defeats out of nine games played, they then being a bad tail-ender in the race, with the poor percentage figures of .111 only. They remained in the last ditch up to May 10th, by which date they had won but two games out of thirteen played, the result being costly to the club in poor gate receipts. The next day they pushed the Washingtons into the last ditch—their home place for years—and by May 14th had got up to tenth position. But the end of May saw the "Colts" no higher in the race record than eleventh place, just on the ragged edge of the last ditch. By the end of the June campaign they had pulled up a little, they were standing in tenth place on June 30th; there they remained until the last day of the July campaign, when they managed to get into ninth place. During August they rallied for the first time in the race, and by the end of that month's campaign they stood eighth. But they could not get higher in the race, and they had to be content with eighth position at the end of the season, their poor record including that of being the only club of the twelve which had not, at one time or another, occupied a place in the ranks of the first division clubs. It was the worst season's record known in the history of the Chicago club.

THE CHICAGO CLUB'S RECORD.
—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                             P
                             h
                             i W P C L
              B l a C i S i o
              a N a B s l t t n u
              l e d r h e t . c i
CHICAGO t w B e o i v s i s
              i o l o n e b L n v
vs. m Y s p k g l u o n i
              o o t h l t a r u a l
              r r o i y o n g i t l
              e k n a n n d h s i e
                                         Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 3 1 5 7 6 7 29 2 6 6 6 8 28
Defeats 9 11 7 5 6 5 43 10 6 6 6 4 32
Games played 12 12 12 12 12 12 60 12 12 12 12 12 60
Per cent. of
Victories .250 .083 .417 .583 .500 .583 .403 .375 .500 .500 .500 .667 .467
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————- EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS. P h i W P C L B l a C i S i o a N a B s l t t n u l e d r h e t . c i CHICAGO t w B e o i v s i s i o l o n e b L n v vs. m Y s p k g l u o n i o o t h l t a r u a l r r o i y o n g i t l e k n a n n d h s i e Grand Total Total Total —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 Series lost 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 4 Series tied 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 .. 1 1 1 0 3 4 Series unfinished 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "Chicago" victories 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "Chicago" defeats 0 1 0 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 2 5 Single figure victories 1 1 1 0 2 1 6 1 2 3 2 6 14 20 Single figure defeats 2 8 2 1 5 4 22 6 3 4 2 3 18 40 Double figure victories 2 1 4 7 4 6 24 1 4 3 4 2 14 38 Double figure defeats 7 3 5 4 1 1 21 4 3 2 4 1 14 35 —————————————————————————————————————-

The Chicago "Colts" won two series against the Eastern teams, viz., those with the Washingtons and the Philadelphias, and they had a tie series with Brooklyn and a close fight with Boston; but the New Yorks whipped them the worst any club had ever before succeeded in doing in a season's series, as the "Giants" won eleven out of twelve games; the Baltimores, too, had an easy task in winning against the "Colts". Against their Western rivals, however, they lost but one series, viz., that with Cleveland; but they only won one series—that with Louisville—they tieing Pittsburgh, St. Louis and Cincinnati.

THE ST. LOUIS CLUB'S CAMPAIGN.

The St. Louis club opened the April campaign among the leaders, and put up their stock to a premium, by ending the month's record tied with Boston and Cleveland for first place, each with a percentage of .750, the club's special rival—Comiskey's Cincinnati "Reds"—ending the April campaign tied with Baltimore for fifth place. After this April spurt in the race, however, the "Browns" began to fall back in their record during May, and by the 7th of that month were down to sixth position, and on May 14th they had to give way to Cincinnati, they then falling back into the second division ranks; and on the 17th of May they were down to ninth place, and then the best they could do during the last week of the May campaign was to end eighth in the race on May 31st. During June they tried to get back into the first division, but they failed to reach higher than seventh position. During July they got lower down in the ranks of the second division, and they ended that month's campaign as low as tenth place, and they were kept there until the very last day of the season, when two victories over the Washingtons, with a tie game between Cincinnati and Cleveland, enabled the "Browns" to win the consolation prize, viz., leading Cincinnati at the finish, by the percentage figures of .424 to .419, the St. Louis team ending in ninth place and the Cincinnatis in tenth position.

The record of the St. Louis club for 1894 giving the victories and defeats scored, with the total of games played and the percentage of victories against each club; also, the record of the series of games won, lost, tied and unfinished, together with that of the "Chicago" victories and defeats and the single and double figure victories and defeats scored by the club, is as follows:

THE ST. LOUIS CLUB'S RECORD.
—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                             P
                             h
                             i W P C L
              B l a C i i o
              a N a B s l t n u
              l e d r h e t C c i
ST .LOUIS t w B e o i v s h i s
              i o l o n e b i n v
vs. m Y s p k g l u c n i
              o o t h l t a r a a l
              r r o i y o n g g t l
              e k n a n n d h o i e
                                         Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 2 5 6 7 4 6 30 3 6 6 5 6 26
Defeats 10 7 6 5 8 6 42 9 6 6 7 6 34
Games played 12 12 12 12 12 12 72 12 12 12 12 12 69
Per cent. of
Victories .167 .417 .500 .583 .333 .500 .417 .250 .500 .500 .417 .500 .433
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————- EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS. P h i W P C L B l a C i i o a N a B s l t n u l e d r h e t C c i ST. LOUIS t w B e o i v s h i s i o l o n e b i n v vs. m Y s p k g l u c n i o o t h l t a r a a l r r o i y o n g g t l e k n a n n d h o i e Grand Total Total Total —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 Series lost 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 2 5 Series tied 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 3 5 Series unfinished 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "Chicago" victories 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 "Chicago" defeats 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0 4 5 Single figure victories 0 5 5 3 3 2 18 1 4 4 4 4 17 35 Single figure defeats 7 5 0 2 3 3 20 7 4 3 5 6 25 45 Double figure victories 2 0 1 4 1 4 12 2 2 2 1 2 9 21 Double figure defeats 3 2 6 3 5 3 22 2 2 3 2 0 9 31 —————————————————————————————————————-

The St. Louis "Browns" did well in winning one of their Eastern series—that with Philadelphia—and tieing with Boston and Washington. But the Baltimores gave them a bad whipping, and the Brooklyns and "Phillies" took them into camp easily. Against their Western adversaries, however, they failed to win a single series; but they only lost one—that with Cleveland—as they tied with Pittsburgh, Chicago and Louisville.

THE CINCINNATI CLUB'S CAMPAIGN.

The Cincinnati club did not begin their opening campaign until April 20th, and during that month's short campaign they occupied third place on April 24th, and retained their position among the leaders to the end of the month. In May, however, they fell back into the ranks of the second division clubs, and remained there until May 16th, when they occupied sixth place in the first division. By the end of that month, however, they had been pushed back to ninth position. There they remained during the whole of the June campaign. During July they improved their position by getting into eighth position, where they stood on July 31st. August's campaign did not improve their standing; on the contrary, they fell back into ninth place, where they stood on August 31st. During September they were almost anchored in that position, but on the very last day of the race they let their old rivals, the "Browns," beat them out, and Comiskey had to finish tenth in the race, and then he said he'd had enough, and he concluded to "go West," where he will remain for 1895.

THE CINCINNATI CLUB'S RECORD.
—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                             P
                             h
                             i W P L
              B l a C i o
              a N a B s l t S u
              l e d r h e t C t i
CINCINNATI t w B e o i v s h . s
              i o l o n e b i L v
vs. m Y s p k g l u c o i
              o o t h l t a r a u l
              r r o i y o n g g i l
              e k n a n n d h o s e
                                         Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 2 5 4 2 6 7 26 3 5 6 7 7 28
Defeats 10 7 8 8 6 5 44 8 7 6 5 5 31
Games played 12 12 12 10 12 12 70 11 12 12 12 12 59
Per cent. of
Victories .167 .417 .338 .200 .500 .583 .371 .273 .417 .500 .583 .588 .475
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————- EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS. P h i W P L B l a C i o a N a B s l t S u l e d r h e t C t i CINCINNATI t w B e o i v s h . s i o l o n e b i L v vs. m Y s p k g l u c o i o o t h l t a r a u l r r o i y o n g g i l e k n a n n d h o s e Grand Total Total Total —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 Series lost 1 1 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 0 0 0 2 7 Series tied 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 Series unfinished 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 "Chicago" victories 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 "Chicago" defeats 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 2 Single figure victories 1 5 2 3 3 5 19 2 2 2 5 6 17 36 Single figure defeats 4 4 3 2 1 5 19 4 3 2 4 5 18 37 Double figure victories 1 0 2 1 3 2 9 1 3 4 2 1 11 20 Double figure defeats 6 3 5 6 5 0 25 4 4 4 1 0 13 38 —————————————————————————————————————-

THE WASHINGTON CLUB'S CAMPAIGN.

The season of 1894 was made noteworthy in the annals of the Washington club, owing to their being able to pay off their six years' mortgage on the last ditch, and transferred it to the Louisville club. The "Senators" opened the season in a very lively style, inasmuch as they stood a tie for first place at the end of the first day of the campaign, and had the credit of winning their first games with the "Phillies," the New York and Boston clubs. After this dash at the start they settled down among the second division clubs for the season, resigned to everything but the fate of again being tail-enders. Chicago kept them out until May, when the "Senators" fell into their old quarters, the tail-end place, where they remained until August 23d, when, to the great joy of Manager Schmelz, they had a wrestle with Louisville and threw the "Colonels" into the last ditch.

THE WASHINGTON CLUB'S RECORD.
—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                             P
                             h
                             i P C L
              B l C i S i o
              a N a B l t t n u
              l e d r e t C . c i
WASHINGTON t w B e o v s h i s
              i o l o e b i L n v
vs. m Y s p k l u c o n i
              o o t h l a r a u a l
              r r o i y n g g i t l
              e k n a n d h o s i e
                                    Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 1 2 3 4 3 13 4 4 5 6 5 8 32
Defeats 11 10 9 8 9 47 8 8 7 6 7 4 40
Games played 12 12 12 12 12 60 12 12 12 12 12 12 72
Per cent. of
Victories .083 .167 .250 .333 .250 .217 .333 .333 .417 .500 .147 .667 .444
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————- EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS P h i P C L B l C i S i o a N a B l t t n u l e d r e t C . c i WASHINGTON t w B e o v s h i s i o l o e b i L n v vs. m Y s p k l u c o n i o o t h l a r a u a l r r o i y n g g i t l e k n a n d h o s i e Grand Total Total Total —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Series lost 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 0 1 0 4 9 Series tied 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 Series unfinished 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "Chicago" victories 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "Chicago" defeats 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 Single figure victories 0 1 2 3 1 7 4 0 4 3 5 5 21 28 Single figure defeats 3 7 0 3 3 16 4 3 1 2 5 3 18 34 Double figure victories 1 1 1 1 2 6 0 4 1 3 0 3 11 17 Double figure defeats 8 3 9 5 6 31 4 5 6 4 2 1 22 53 —————————————————————————————————————-

The "Senators" won but one series in the whole campaign, and that was with the Louisvilles. They managed to tie with the St. Louis "Browns," but all the rest knocked them out—the Baltimores by 11 to 1.

THE LOUISVILLE CLUB'S CAMPAIGN.

The Louisville club started in the race with better prospects than they had for years past, they being tied for first place on April 20th, but they only remained in the first division a few days, after which they took up their home position among the tail-enders, which they occupied from April 30th to September 30th, never once getting back to the ranks of the first division. Gradually, during the May campaign they worked their way down towards the last ditch, they having a close fight for the ditch with Washington during June. But July saw them rolled into the tail-end position, and there they remained until the ending of the championship campaign. The Louisvilles had the consolation of tieing the the St. Louis "Browns" in their series, and of "Chicagoing" the Boston champions, and also in defeating them in another game by 11 to 1. Here is their record:

THE LOUISVILLE CLUB'S RECORD.
—————————————————————————————————————-
            EASTERN CLUBS. WESTERN CLUBS.
                             P
                             h
                             i W P C
              B l a C i i
              a N a B s l t S n
              l e d r h e t C t c
LOUISVILLE t w B e o i v s h . i
              i o l o n e b i L n
vs. m Y s p k g l u c o n
              o o t h l t a r a u a
              r r o i y o n g g i t
              e k n a n n d h o s i
                                         Totals Total
—————————————————————————————————————-
Victories 2 0 2 3 4 4 15 3 3 4 6 5 21
Defeats 10 12 10 8 8 8 56 8 9 8 6 7 38
Games played 12 12 12 11 12 12 71 11 12 12 12 12 59
Per cent. of
Victories .167 .000 .167 .273 .333 .333 .211 .273 .250 .333 .500 .417 .356
—————————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————————- EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS. P h i W P C B l a C i i a N a B s l t S n l e d r h e t C t c LOUISVILLE t w B e o i v s h . i i o l o n e b i L n vs. m Y s p k g l u c o n o o t h l t a r a u a r r o i y o n g g i t e k n a n n d h o s i Grand Total Total Total —————————————————————————————————————- Series won 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Series lost 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 0 1 4 10 Series tied 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 Series unfinished 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 "Chicago" victories 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 "Chicago" defeats 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 Single figure victories 1 0 1 0 1 3 6 1 3 3 6 5 18 24 Single figure defeats 8 8 5 2 4 5 32 6 7 6 4 6 29 61 Double figure victories 1 0 1 3 3 1 9 2 0 1 0 0 3 12 Double figure defeats 2 5 5 6 4 3 25 2 2 2 2 1 9 34 —————————————————————————————————————-

The nearest the Louisvilles came to a series victory was in their series with the St. Louis club, which they tied; all the others they lost, they being "shut out" by the "Giants," with which club they lost thirteen successive games, one of which was thrown out. The Club Management of 1894.

The management of the twelve League clubs in 1894 was, in but few instances, in advance of that of 1893; and in a minority of cases it was worse. The experience of the past season in the management of club teams, points out the indisputable fact that the majority of managers are blind to the folly of condoning drinking offences in the ranks, for one thing, and equally ignorant of the damaging effects, in lessening the reputable patronage of their grounds, of countenancing that phase of "hoodlumism" in teams known as "kicking against the decisions of umpires." Despite of the costly experience of the past five years in the countenancing of drunkards in the League ranks, we see, this season of 1895, club teams including players notorious for their old drunken habits. Why managers cannot perceive the folly of re-engaging such men is a mystery. No matter what their skill at the bat or in the field may be, their drinking habits, with the demoralizing effect on the teams at large which follows, more than offset the advantage of their alleged ability in the field. Despite this obvious fact, however, club officials—either presidents, directors or managers—still blunder on in having these drunkards on their teams, even after condoning their offences time and again, on the promise of reform, which in no single instance has ever taken place that I am aware of. But surpassing this folly, is that of engaging ugly and vicious tempered players for their teams, who are simply demoralizing agents in any team on which they are engaged. These ill-tempered fellows are not only death to necessary discipline, but they are sure to find occasions to form cliques in a team, which war against the best interests of the club at large, and are obnoxious in the extreme to the pennant winning rule of playing for the side, a rule as important to the success of a club team in a pennant race, as the reserve rule is to the life of the professional club business at large. Bad management of clubs involves a variety of blunders, not only in the running of the team without regard to business principles—sadly neglected by a majority of the League clubs in 1894—but especially in the making up of teams in the spring months, in which one blunder is conspicuous, viz., that of selecting players for each team without regard to their ability to play in harmony together, but solely by the records made in the unreliable table of averages of the past season, in which everything in the way of scoring figures tends to aid the mere record player and throws obstacles in the way of team work players' records. Another managerial blunder is shown in the gathering together of a long list of signed players, with the view of selecting a strong team of a dozen players from the crowd for the serious work of the campaign. For instance, in the makeup of many of the League teams of 1894, the blunder of getting together six or eight pitchers and occupying the whole of the early part of the season's campaign in experiments with them was positive folly. It has never paid in a single instance. It was, in fact, death to the success of at least four League teams last season, Cincinnati in particular. Many of last year's team managers failed to realize the important fact that in testing the merits of pitchers in the spring season they need to be given a fair trial, and not dismiss them after the hasty judgment of their ability of a few games of trial. Pitchers need to be thoroughly tested before they are released, after engagement, and this testing process cannot at the shortest be done in less than a month's trial. No pitcher can do his best while in doubt all the while as to the result of a single day's play on his engagement. Five pitchers are amply sufficient to begin a season with, and at most three catchers. But one of the greatest and most costly blunders in team management made in 1894 was that of encouraging "hoodlumism" by the countenancing of blackguard kicking, in defiance of the laws of the game, which presidents and directors, as well as managers and captains, were alike guilty of to a more or less extent. The rules of the game positively prohibit any player of a nine on the field from disputing any decision of the umpire except the captain, and he only in certain exceptional cases, and yet not only did captains of teams allow this rule to be violated in every game of the season, but they were openly countenanced in it by not only their managers, but in many cases by club presidents and directors. Under such circumstances is it any wonder that the season of 1894 stands on record as being marked by more disgraceful kicking, rowdy play, blackguard language and brutal play than that of any season since the League was organized? And all this was the result of a neglect of business principles in club management, and in the blunders in managing teams committed by incompetent managers and captains—an arraignment of the National League which we hope never to have to record again.

THE MONTHLY CAMPAIGNS.

THE APRIL CAMPAIGN.

The short April campaign of 1894 began on April 19th, on which date eight of the twelve clubs opened the season; New York losing at Baltimore, Brooklyn at Boston, Philadelphia at Washington, and Pittsburgh at St. Louis, rain preventing the games scheduled for Louisville and Cincinnati. On the 20th Chicago opened at Cincinnati with a defeat, as did Cleveland at Louisville. By the end of the month's campaign, on April 30th, the games played left the Boston, Cleveland and St. Louis clubs tied for first place in the month's record, with Philadelphia fourth, Baltimore fifth, and Pittsburgh sixth the second division clubs being headed by Cincinnati—tied with Pittsburgh for sixth place—and followed by Louisville, New York and Brooklyn tied for ninth position, Washington and Chicago, the latter club being a bad tail-ender with a record of eight defeats out of nine games played.

Here is the complete record of the thirteen days' campaign of the opening month of the season, fifty victories and as many defeats having been recorded:

THE APRIL RECORD. ————————————————————————— P P P e P e l r l r L a c L a c W o y e W o y e o s e n o s e n Clubs. n t d t Clubs. n t d t ————————————————————————— Boston 6 2 8 .750 Cincinnati 4 4 8 .500 Cleveland 6 2 8 .750 Louisville 4 5 9 .444 St. Louis 6 2 8 .750 New York 3 5 8 .375 Philadelphia 6 3 9 .667 Brooklyn 3 5 8 .375 Baltimore 5 3 8 .625 Washington 2 7 9 .174 Pittsburgh 4 4 8 .500 Chicago 1 8 9 .111 —————————————————————————

It had been confidently expected that Boston would be in the lead and Cleveland not far off; but that St. Louis should be tied with both for the lead was a surprise. Philadelphia was in its anticipated place, but Baltimore was lower than the club officials had looked for, as also New York, while the fact that the tail-ender of 1893 led the Chicago "Colts" of 1894 was a disagreeable ending of the month's play for the Chicago cranks.

THE MAY CAMPAIGN.

The May campaign changed the relative positions of the twelve clubs materially. By May 31st, Pittsburgh had pulled up to the leading position, having won 18 out of 23 games; and while Cleveland had held its position fairly well, Baltimore had done better than Boston, and New York had won more games than Brooklyn. Chicago, too, had rallied, while St. Louis had fallen off badly, as also Cincinnati and Louisville; the Washingtons winning but 4 games out of 23, that club ending the second month's campaign a bad tail-ender in the figures of May. Here is the record for May:

THE MAY RECORD. ———————————————————————————— P P P e P e l r l r L a c L a c W o y e W o y e o s e n o s e n Clubs. n t d t Clubs. n t d t ———————————————————————————— Pittsburgh 18 5 28 .783 Brooklyn 12 11 23 .522 Cleveland 13 7 20 .684 Chicago 9 12 21 .429 Baltimore 12 6 18 .667 St. Louis 9 16 25 .360 Boston 14 8 22 .636 Cincinnati 7 13 20 .350 Philadelphia 12 7 19 .632 Louisville 6 14 20 .300 New York 13 11 24 .542 Washington 4 19 23 .174 ————————————————————————————

The monthly record differs in its percentage figures from the pennant race record, as the latter gives the totals of the games played from April 19th, while the former gives the totals of each month's games only. A hundred and twenty-nine games, resulting in victories, were played in May, with, of course, the same number of defeats. Seven of the twelve clubs won more games than they lost.

THE JUNE CAMPAIGN.

The June campaign opened with Cleveland in the van in pennant race percentages, the other clubs in the first division being the Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston and Brooklyn clubs in order; New York leading the second division, followed by St. Louis, Cincinnati, Louisville, Chicago and Washington; the leader in the race having a percentage of .690, and the tail-ender .212, a difference in percentage figures of 478 points, showing a poorly contested race thus far. Only two Western clubs by this time remained in the first division, viz., Cleveland and Pittsburgh; New York and Washington being the two Eastern clubs in the second division. Baltimore overtook and passed Cleveland in the first week of the June campaign, and closed the month in the lead. Boston, too, rallied and pulled up in the race from fifth place on June 4th to second position by June 11th, and remained there to the end of the month. Brooklyn also took a jump from sixth place on June 18th to third position on June 29th; New York not getting out of the second division until the last of the month. In the meantime the two Western teams of Cleveland and Pittsburgh began to lose ground, and by the 21st of June they occupied fifth and sixth positions in the race, Cleveland leading their rivals of Pittsburgh by 13 points. On the same date Philadelphia was in third place, but the "Phillies" fell off to fifth position by the end of the month. In victories won during June Brooklyn led with 18 games won out of 23 played, Baltimore being second with 20 victories and 6 defeats, and Boston third with 18 games won to 8 lost. On June 8th Washington had pushed Louisville into the last ditch, and also led Chicago; but the "Colts" got ahead of the "Senators" by the end of the month. On June 30th Baltimore held the lead in the pennant race with the percentage figures of .712 to Louisville's .255, a difference of 457 points, only one Western club being in the first division at the end of the month.

Here is the record of the June campaign, showing which club led in won games during the month.

THE JUNE RECORD. ———————————————————————————— P P P e P e l r l r L a c L a c W o y e W o y e o s e n o s e n Clubs. n t d t Clubs. n t d t ———————————————————————————— Brooklyn 18 5 28 .789 Philadelphia 11 12 23 .478 Baltimore 20 6 26 .769 Cleveland 9 13 22 .409 Boston 18 8 26 .692 St. Louis 10 15 25 .406 New York 15 8 23 .686 Washington 9 15 24 .375 Pittsburgh 13 13 26 .500 Chicago 8 17 25 .320 Cincinnati 12 13 25 .480 Louisville 4 22 26 .154 ————————————————————————————

It will be seen that out of the twelve clubs but four won more games than they lost, the Louisvilles ending the month's play with a record of but 4 games won out of 26 played, the poorest record of any single month of the season.

THE JULY CAMPAIGN.

The July campaign opened with the Baltimore and Boston clubs as apparent fixtures for the two leading positions, the "Orioles" leading the champions on July 5th by seven points only, viz., .679 to .672. On the 2d of July New York was sixth and Brooklyn third in the race. By July 5th, however, the "Giants" had jumped into third place, and Brooklyn had fallen back to sixth position. On the same date Baltimore, Boston and New York occupied the three leading positions, and though three more months of the season still remained, the other nine clubs were even then virtually out of the race, the only other point of interest left in the championship contest being that of the fight for the last three places in the first division, Pittsburgh being at that time the only Western club out of the second division. Of course, such a one-sided condition of things in the pennant race led to a falling off in the interest in the championship contests, especially out West, where the clubs of that section lost patronage greatly, four of the six Western clubs being virtually out of the race as early as May, as far as winning the pennant was concerned. During July there were only two points of interest in the race outside of the fight for first place between the three leaders, viz., the struggle between the Brooklyn and Philadelphia clubs for fourth place in the race, and that between the Cleveland and Pittsburgh clubs to retain a place in the first division. Cleveland lost its position in the first division the first week in July, Pittsburgh on July 2d being in fourth place. By the 6th of that month the "Phillies" had overtaken them, and by the 9th the Pittsburghs were down to sixth place, the Clevelands then heading the second division. The "Pirates" then rallied and got ahead of Brooklyn, the latter being driven into the second division by July 17th, Cleveland rallying and getting among the six leaders again by the 18th of July, after which date they remained in that division to the close of the season, A feature of the July campaign among the six tail-end clubs was the close fight between Washington and Louisville on the edge of the last ditch. First one club would cross the goal line and make a touch-down—as the foot ball men have it—and then the other, Louisville being in eleventh place at the end of the month, while the "Senators" rolled about in the last ditch. When the July campaign ended Boston was in the van with the percentage figures of .659, Baltimore being second with .618, and New York third with .613. It looked at that time pretty sure for Boston.

Here is the record of the month's play, showing which club won the most games during July:

THE JULY RECORD. ———————————————————————————— P P P e P e l r l r L a c L a c W o y e W o y e o s e n o s e n Clubs. n t d t Clubs. n t d t ———————————————————————————— New York 18 7 25 .720 Philadelphia 12 14 26 .462 Boston 16 9 25 .640 Baltimore 10 14 24 .417 Cleveland 18 11 29 .621 Pittsburgh 10 16 26 .385 Chicago 16 10 26 .615 St. Louis 10 17 27 .370 Cincinnati 16 11 27 .593 Brooklyn 9 16 25 .360 Louisville 13 15 28 .464 Washington 8 16 24 .331 ————————————————————————————

But five clubs out of the twelve won more games than they lost during the July campaign, but there was a little improvement shown in the difference of percentage points between the leader and tail-ender, the figures being .363. The Baltimores made the poorest record in July for a month's campaign of any they made during the season; while New York made the best show of any one of their four months' campaigns up to the close of July. Chicago also made their best monthly record in July, likewise Cincinnati and Louisville.

THE AUGUST CAMPAIGN.

Baltimore rallied in fine style in August, that club winning 22 out of 29 games that month, while New York won 20 out of 28; but Boston won only 15 out of 25, Philadelphia pulling up with 19 out of 29. Chicago also won a majority of their August games, these being the only clubs of the twelve which won more games during the month than they lost. When the August campaign opened the first division clubs included Boston, Baltimore, New York, Cleveland, Pittsburgh and Brooklyn, the "Phillies" being in the second division; but the latter soon took Brooklyn's place and sent them to seventh place in the race. But before the first week of the month had ended, Brooklyn replaced Pittsburgh in the first division. The "Pirates," however rallied and drove their Eastern opponents back again; Brooklyn ending the month in sixth place, and after that the "Pirates" remained at the head of the second division to the finish. The 31st of August saw the first division clubs fixed for the season, as far as first and sixth places in the race were concerned, the interesting point in the month's campaign being the struggle between the New York and Boston clubs for second place and that between Brooklyn and Philadelphia for fourth position. There was but one Western club in the first division at the end of August, the other five staying in the second division to the finish, a result that was ruinous to the financial interests of the Western clubs, and to a large extent to the clubs of the East, all of which clubs played to "small houses" out West, especially at Louisville, the cranks of "Breckinridgeville" being disgusted with their local club team during the last three months of the season.

Here is the record of the August campaign, showing each club's victories and defeats for August;

THE AUGUST RECORD. —————————————————————————————- P P P e P e l r l r L a c L a c W o y e W o y e o s e n o s e n Clubs. n t d t Clubs. n t d t —————————————————————————————- Baltimore 22 7 29 .759 Washington 13 14 27 .481 New York 20 8 28 .714 St. Louis 9 13 22 .409 Philadelphia 19 10 29 .655 Cleveland 9 15 24 .375 Boston 15 10 25 .600 Pittsburgh 8 16 24 .333 Chicago 15 12 27 .556 Cincinnati 7 19 26 .269 Brooklyn 14 14 28 .500 Louisville 5 18 23 .217 —————————————————————————————-

It will be seen that August was a bad month for the Boston champions, while it was the very reverse for the Chicago "Colts," the latter making their best monthly record in August. The difference in percentage points between the leader and the tail-ender at the close of the August campaign was 355 points, the best of the season to that date. Still the figures showed a comparatively poor race, several of the minor league races being more evenly contested. Cleveland and Pittsburgh were behind Washington in percentage of victories during the August campaign, the latter making their best monthly record in August, thereby escaping their old place in the last ditch.

THE SEPTEMBER CAMPAIGN.

Baltimore virtually had the pennant in their hands the first week of the September campaign, the only point of interest in the race left at that time being the struggle for second place between New York and Boston; all of the other clubs had long been practically out of the race, a result which involved considerable loss for the majority of the twelve League clubs. This state of things in the major league pennant race is the result of the selfish policy of a minority in trying to monopolize the cream of the playing element in the League ranks without regard to the saving clause of the League organization, the principle of "One for all and all for one," the very essence of the plan of running the League on true business principles.

During September the Brooklyn club tried their best to oust the "Phillies" out of fourth place, while the Clevelands worked hard to take Brooklyn's position in fifth place, but both clubs failed in their projects. Up to September 6th the "Giants" tried in vain to send the Bostons down to third place, but it was not until the 7th of September that they were able to oust the champions out of second place in the race, and when they did so they kept them out to the finish, the champions failing to rally after they had lost the position. It was a close fight, however, as on September 10th New York led Boston in percentage of victories by only 3 points, viz., .655 to .652, Baltimore leading at that date with .684. By September 19th, however, the Bostons had got down to .631, and New York's figures were .667, with "the country safe." Boston's lowest score in percentage figures for the month was reached on September 25th, when they touched .623. By that time the places in the first division were all settled, and all of those in the second division also, except Cincinnati and St. Louis. On September 29th Cincinnati led St. Louis by the percentage figures of .424 to .415, but two victories by St. Louis over Washington, against a drawn game by Cincinnati with Cleveland on the 30th, gave St. Louis the lead by .424 to .419, and Comiskey's "Reds" had to finish in tenth position, beaten in the race by Von der Abe's "Browns," a galling fact for the Cincinnati cranks.

THE SEPTEMBER RECORD. ———————————————————————————— P P P e P e l r l r L a c L a c W o y e W o y e o s e n o s e n Clubs. n t d t Clubs. n t d t ———————————————————————————— Baltimore 20 3 23 .870 Philadelphia 13 12 25 .520 New York 20 6 26 .769 St. Louis 11 13 24 .458 Boston 14 11 25 .560 Cincinnati 10 16 26 .385 Cleveland 13 11 24 .542 Chicago 9 17 26 .346 Brooklyn 14 12 26 .538 Washington 8 16 24 .333 Pittsburgh 12 11 23 .522 Louisville 5 21 26 .192 ————————————————————————————

The appended summary shows the progress of each club from the opening to the close of the season, as also in what month each club made its best and worst record during the championship campaign:

SUMMARY OF VICTORIES AND DEFEATS. ——————————————————————————————————— T S h e e p A t F A u e i p J J g m n r M u u u b i i a n l s e s l y e y t r h Clubs. W. L. W. L. W. L. W. L. W. L. W. L. W. L. ——————————————————————————————————— Baltimore 5 3 12 6 20 6 10 14 22 7 20 3 89 39 New York 3 5 13 11 15 8 18 7 20 8 20 6 88 44 Boston 6 2 14 8 18 8 16 9 15 10 14 11 83 49 Philadelphia 6 3 12 7 11 12 12 14 19 10 13 12 71 56 Brooklyn 3 5 12 11 18 5 9 16 14 14 14 12 70 61 Cleveland 6 2 13 7 9 13 18 11 9 15 13 11 68 61 Pittsburgh 4 4 18 5 13 13 10 16 8 16 12 11 65 65 Chicago 1 8 9 12 8 17 16 10 15 12 9 17 57 75 St. Louis 6 2 9 16 10 15 10 17 9 13 11 13 56 76 Cincinnati 4 4 7 13 12 13 16 11 7 19 10 16 54 75 Washington 2 7 4 19 9 15 8 16 13 14 8 16 45 87 Louisville 4 5 6 14 4 22 13 15 5 18 5 21 36 94 Totals 50 50 129 129 147 147 156 156 156 156 149 149 782 782 ———————————————————————————————————

MONTHLY RECORD OF PERCENTAGE.

The following table shows the monthly record of percentage of victories in the campaign from April to September.

——————————————————————— 1894. S e p A t A u e p J J g m r M u u u b i a n l s e Clubs. l y e y t r ——————————————————————- Baltimore .625 .654 .712 .618 .657 .695 New York .375 .500 .564 .613 .639 .667 Boston .750 .645 .667 .659 .645 .629 Philadelphia .667 .643 .569 .526 .562 .559 Brooklyn .375 .500 .623 .545 .533 .534 Cleveland .750 .679 .549 .575 .529 .527 Pittsburgh .500 .710 .614 .531 .491 .500 Chicago .111 .333 .327 .430 .458 .432 St. Louis .750 .455 .431 .412 .411 .421 Cincinnati .500 .393 .434 .488 .434 .419 Washington .222 .188 .281 .296 .343 .341 Louisville .444 .345 .255 .325 .302 .277 ——————————————————————-

It will be seen that in percentage figures of each month's play, Boston, Cleveland and St. Louis were tied in April. In May, Pittsburgh, Cleveland and Baltimore led. In June, Baltimore, Boston and Brooklyn were in the van. In July, the three leaders were Boston, Baltimore and New York. In August, also, the same three were nearest the goal, and September saw Baltimore carrying off the pennant, followed by New York and Boston.

THE CAMPAIGN RECORD OF 1894.

We introduce in the GUIDE for 1895 a new and important record, which shows, at a glance almost, the total score of each championship game won, lost and drawn from April 19th to September 30th, inclusive, and also gives the names of the pitchers who were credited with pitching in a victory, or charged with pitching in a defeat. The record of each month's campaign, too, is given, with the position in the pennant race each of the twelve clubs occupied at the close of each month's campaign of the six comprising the championship season. This record in full will be found to be the most complete table of the statistics of the League season yet published in the GUIDE series, and especially valuable as a reference record.

THE APRIL RECORD.

The League championship season of 1894 began on April 19th and ended on September 30th, the April campaign opening at Boston, Baltimore, Washington and St. Louis on the 19th, at Cincinnati and Louisville on the 20th, and at Philadelphia and Brooklyn on the 21st, while the opening games at New York, Pittsburgh and Chicago were not played until the 24th, 25th and 28th of April respectively, and not at Cleveland until May 3d. Fifty games were played in April, the twelve clubs of the two divisions of the League being engaged in playing their respective home-and-home series. Here is the complete record of the April campaign, showing the pitchers of each side and the total score of each contest of the month:

—————————————————————————————————————-
Date Contesting Clubs. City. Pitchers. Score.
—————————————————————————————————————-
April
19 Boston vs. Brooklyn Boston Stivetts Kennedy 13-2
19 Baltimore vs. New York Baltimore McMahon Rusie 8-3
19 Washington vs. Philadelphi Washington Esper Weyhing 4-2
19 St. Louis vs. Pittsburgh St. Louis Breitenstein Killen 11-3
20 Baltimore vs. New York Baltimore Mullane Clark 12-6
20 Philadelphia vs. Washi'g'n Washington Taylor Stephens 9-8
20 Cincinnati vs. Chicago Cincinnati Parrott Hutchinson 10-6
20 Louisville vs. Cleveland Louisville Menafee Young 10-3
21 Boston vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Nichols Stein 3-0
21 Baltimore vs. New York Baltimore Inks Westervelt 4-3
21 Philadelphia vs. Washi'g'n Philadelphia Carsey Esper 10-2
21 Cincinnati vs. Chicago Cincinnati Chamberlain Abbey 8-0
21 Cleveland vs. Louisville Louisville Cuppy Hemming 5-1
21 Pittsburgh vs. St. Louis St. Louis Gumbert Gleason 7-2
22 Cincinnati vs. Chicago Cincinnati Dwyer McGill 5-4
22 Cleveland vs. Louisville Louisville Clarkson Kilroy 3-2
23 Boston vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Lovett Daub 7-4
23 Philadelphia vs. Washi'g'n Washington Weyhing Stockdale 8-4
23 St. Louis vs. Pittsburgh St. Louis Breitenstein Ehret 4-3
24 Baltimore vs. Boston Baltimore McMahon Stivetts 15-3
24 Washington vs. New York Washington Petty Rusie 6-3
24 Philadelphia vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Carsey Korwan 22-5
24 Cleveland vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Young Parrott 1-0
24 Louisville vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Menafee Nicol 7-3
24 St. Louis vs. Chicago Chicago A. Clarkson McGill 9-5
25 New York vs. Washington Washington German Maul 14-5
25 Brooklyn vs. Philadelphia Brooklyn Stein Taylor 8-2
25 Boston vs. Baltimore Baltimore Nichols Mullane 6-3
25 Cleveland vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Cuppy Chamberlain 12-6
25 Pittsburgh vs. Louisville Louisville Gumbert Hemming 2-1
25 St. Louis vs. Chicago Chicago Hawley Hutchinson 13-3
26 New York vs. Washington Washington Meekin Stockdale 7-5
26 Philadelphia vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Weyhing Sharrott 13-3
26 Boston vs. Baltimore Baltimore Staley Brown 13-7
26 Cleveland vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Clarkson Cross 12-4
26 Pittsburgh vs. Louisville Louisville Killen Kilroy 3-1
26 St. Louis vs. Chicago Chicago Gleason Abbey 10-4
27 No games scheduled —————- ——
28 New York vs. Baltimore New York Rusie McMahon 9-6
28 Brooklyn vs. Washington Washington Stein Petty 10-9
28 Philadelphia vs. Boston Philadelphia Carsey Stivetts 14-3
28 St. Louis vs. Cleveland St. Louis Breitenstein Young 7-1
28 Cincinnati vs. Pittsburgh Cincinnati Parrott Terry 10-5
28 Chicago vs. Louisville Louisville McGill Menafee 2-1
29 Cleveland vs. St Louis St. Louis Cuppy A. Clarkson 5-2
29 Louisville vs. Chicago Louisville Hemming McGill 8-3
30 Baltimore vs. New York New York Mullane German 10-6
30 Brooklyn vs. Washington Washington Gastright Mercer 15-10
30 Boston vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Nichols Weyhing[1] 6-5
30 Pittsburgh vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Nicol Chamberlain 15-6
30 Louisville vs. Chicago Louisville Stratton McGill 8-2

[Footnote 1: Ten innings.] —————————————————————————————————————-

The record showing the total victories and defeats scored by each of the twelve clubs during the April campaign is as follows. The names are given in the order of the percentage of victories scored in the pennant race:

APRIL PENNANT RACE RECORD. ———————————————————————————- V V i P i P c D e c D e t e P r t e P r o f l o f l r e a c r e a c i a y e i a y e e t e n e t e n CLUBS s s d t CLUBS s s d t ——————————————————————————— Boston 6 2 8 .750 Cincinnati 4 4 8 .500 Cleveland 6 2 8 .750 Louisville 4 5 9 .444 St. Louis 6 2 8 .750 New York 3 5 8 .375 Philadelphia 6 3 9 .667 Brooklyn 3 5 8 .375 Baltimore 5 3 8 .625 Washington 2 7 9 .222 Pittsburgh 4 4 8 .500 Chicago 1 8 9 .111

Fifty games were played from April 19th to April 30th, inclusive. None were drawn or forfeited. ———————————————————————————

The first month of the championship campaign, short as it was, was marked by the largest attendance for the month of April known in the history of the League, an aggregate of 188,509 people patronizing the twenty-five games played in the East and 82,719 for the twenty-five played in the West. The largest aggregate attendance on a single day was 45,332 on April 21st, on which date 40,324 people patronized the three games played at Brooklyn, Philadelphia and Baltimore, and 5,008 the three games played at Cincinnati, St. Louis and Louisville. Though three Western clubs occupied positions in the first division—Cleveland and St. Louis tieing Boston for first place—the attendance in the West, as will be seen above, did not compare with that at the three games in the East, the terribly hard times out West greatly affecting everything in the amusement line in the Western League club cities.

Boston, Cleveland and St. Louis started off well in the pennant race in April, these three clubs ending the April campaign tied for first place; with the "Phillies" a good fourth, Baltimore fifth, and Pittsburgh and Cincinnati tied for sixth position, Louisville being eighth, with New York and Brooklyn tied for ninth place, and Washington on the edge of the last ditch, the Chicago "Colts" being last on the list, they having won but one game out of nine played during the opening month of the season. During April the clubs of the two sections took part in their first home-and-home series, this series of games lasting into May.

THE MAY CAMPAIGN RECORD.

The following is the complete record of the campaign of May, which proved to be a very interesting one:

THE MAY RECORD. —————————————————————————————————————- Date. Contesting Clubs. City. Pitchers. Score. —————————————————————————————————————- May 1 New York vs. Baltimore New York Meekin McMahon 7-4 " 1 Brooklyn vs. Washington Washington Sharrott Stephens[3] 2-1 " 1 Boston vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Lovett Carsey 7-3 " 1 Pittsburgh vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Killen Parrott 7-6 " 1 Cleveland vs. St. Louis St. Louis Clarkson Gleason 7-0 " 2 Washington vs. Boston Washington Maul Stivetts 6-4 " 2 Baltimore vs. Brooklyn Baltimore Brown Stein 8-2 " 2 Philadelphia vs. New York New York Taylor Rusie 7-5 " 3 Boston vs. Washington Washington Nichols Esper 10-8 " 3 Philadelphia vs. New York New York Weyh'g Westervelt 7-4 " 3 Baltimore vs. Brookyln Baltimore Mullane Gastright 8-3 " 3 Pittsburgh vs. St. Louis Pittsburgh Gumbert Breit'nst'n 6-2 " 3 Cleveland vs. Louisville Cleveland Young Menafee 7-2 " 4 Boston vs. Washington Washington Stivetts Stephens 15-5 " 4 New York vs. Philadelphia New York Rusie Haddock 6-4 " 4 Baltimore vs. Brooklyn Baltimore McMahon Sharrott 12-8 " 4 Cleveland vs. Louisville Cleveland Cuppy Hemming 8-4 " 4 Pittsburgh vs. St. Louis Pittsburgh Nicol A. Clarkson 10-9 " 4 Chicago vs. Cincinnati Chicago McGill Dwyer 6-3 " 5 New York vs. Boston New York Westervelt Lovett 5-2 " 5 Brooklyn vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Daub Carsey 4-3 " 5 Baltimore vs. Washington Washington Brown Mercer 9-2 " 5 Pittsburgh vs. St. Louis St. Louis Killen Hawley 6-5 " 6 Cincinnati vs. Chicago Chicago Chamberlain Camp 6-6 " 7 Boston vs. New York New York Nichols Rusie 1-0 " 7 Philadelphia vs. Brooklyn Philadelphia Weyhing Gastright 7-5 " 7 Baltimore vs. Washington Washington Mullane Maul 17-0 " 7 Cincinnati vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Parrott Gumbert 17-6 " 7 St. Louis vs. Louisville Louisville Breitenst'n Stratton 8-6 " 7 Cleveland vs. Chicago Cleveland Young McGill 7-1 " 8 New York vs. Boston New York Meekin Stivetts 16-7 " 8 Philadelphia vs. Brooklyn Philadelphia Haddock Daub 18-5 " 8 Baltimore vs. Washington Baltimore Inks Petty 11-5 " 8 Cleveland vs. Chicago Cleveland Cuppy Camp 18-3 " 8 St. Louis vs. Louisville Louisville Hawley Menafee 5-4 " 8 Pittsburgh vs. Cincinnati Pittsburgh Ehret Dwyer 6-5 " 9 Brooklyn vs. Boston Brooklyn Kennedy Lovett 7-3 " 9 Baltimore vs. Washington Washington McMahon Stockdale 12-6 " 9 Pittsburgh vs. Cincinnati Pittsburgh Gumbert Chambl'n 11-3 " 9 Cleveland vs. Chicago Cleveland Clarkson McGill 4-1 " 9 Louisville vs. St. Louis Louisville Hemming Gleason 6-3 " 10 New York vs. Washington New York Rusie Mercer 6-2 " 10 Boston vs. Brooklyn Boston Nichols Stein 7-1 " 10 Philadelphia vs. Baltimore Baltimore Taylor Mullane 9-3 " 10 Cleveland vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Young Killen 2-1 " 10 Cincinnati vs. St. Louis Cincinnati Parrott Hawley 18-9 " 11 New York vs. Washington Washington Westervelt Petty 5-4 " 11 Philadelphia vs. Baltimore Baltimore Carsey Horner 12-7 " 11 Pittsburgh vs. Cleveland Pittsburgh Ehret Cuppy 7-6 " 11 Chicago vs. Louisville Chicago Griffith Stratton 4-2 " 12 New York vs. Washington New York Meekin Stockdale 5-2 " 12 Brooklyn vs. Boston Boston Kennedy Stivetts 8-2 " 12 Baltimore vs. Philadelphia Baltimore Brown Callahan 8-3 " 12 Pittsburgh vs. Cleveland Pittsburgh Killen Clarkson 8-5 " 12 Cincinnati vs. St. Louis Cincinnati Parrott Breitenstein 5-0 " 12 Chicago vs. Louisville Chicago Hutchinson Hemming 6-5 " 13 Chicago vs. Louisville Chicago McGill Kilroy 14-12 " 13 Cincinnati vs. St. Louis Cincinnati Dwyer Gleason 7-3 " 14 Philadelphia vs. New York Philadelphia Carsey Rusie[2] 5-4 " 14 Brooklyn vs. Washington Brooklyn Gastright Mercer 14-7 " 14 Baltimore vs. Boston Boston McMahon Nichols 16-5 " 14 Pittsburgh vs. Chicago Pittsburgh Gumbert Abbey 6-3 " 14 Cincinnati vs. Louisville Cincinnati Parrott Whitrock 12-7 " 14 Cleveland vs. St. Louis Cleveland Young Breitenstein 7-3 " 15 Baltimore vs. Boston Boston Stopped by fire(3in) 3-3 " 15 Philadelphia vs. New York Philadelphia Taylor Westervelt 10-4 " 15 Brooklyn vs. Washington Brooklyn Stein Petty 16-7 " 15 Cleveland vs. St. Louis Cleveland Cuppy A. Clarkson 7-0 " 15 Chicago vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Griffith Ehret 6-2 " 16 Boston vs. Baltimore Boston Lovett Mullane 10-8 " 16 Philadelphia vs. New York Philadelphia Haddock Meekin 10-1 " 16 Brooklyn vs. Washington Brooklyn Daub Mercer[1] 3-2 " 16 Pittsburgh vs. Chicago Pittsburgh Killen McGill 2-0 " 16 Cleveland vs. St. Louis Cleveland Clarkson Gleason 5-0 " 16 Louisville vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Hemming Dwyer 9-7 " 17 New York vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Rusie Kennedy 6-4 " 17 Boston vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Nichols Carsey 4-3 " 17 Baltimore vs. Washington Baltimore Hawke Petty 10-2 " 18 Brooklyn vs. New York New York Stein German 16-7 " 18 Philadelphia vs. Boston Philadelphia Taylor Stivetts[1] 5-4 " 19 New York vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Meekin Daub[1] 3-3 " 19 Philadelphia vs. Boston Philadelphia Haddock Staley 8-7 " 19 Baltimore vs. Washington Baltimore McMahon Mercer 7-5 " 19 St. Louis vs. Cincinnati St. Louis Breitenstein Parrott 5-2 " 19 Cleveland vs. Chicago Chicago Young Griffith 9-5 " 20 St. Louis vs. Cincinnati St. Louis Hawley Chamberlain[1] 4-3 " 20 Cincinnati vs. St. Louis St. Louis Dwyer A. Clarkson 7-1 " 21 Boston vs. New York Boston Nichols Westervelt 3-0 " 21 Pittsburgh vs. Chicago Chicago Killen McGill 11-10 " 21 Cincinnati vs. Cleveland Cleveland Parrott Young 2-1 " 22 Boston vs. New York Boston Lovett Rusie 3-2 " 22 Chicago vs. Pittsburgh Chicago Griffith Ehret 7-6 " 22 St. Louis vs. Louisville St. Louis Gleason Kilroy 6-4 " 23 New York vs. Boston Boston Meekin Staley 12-4 " 23 Brooklyn vs. Baltimore Baltimore Kennedy Mullane 5-1 " 23 Pittsburgh vs. Chicago Chicago Gumbert Hutchinson[3] 10-9 " 23 Louisville vs. St. Louis St. Louis Hemming Hawley 4-3 " 24 Pittsburgh vs. Cleveland Cleveland Ehret Young 6-5 " 24 Louisville vs. Cincinnati Louisville Menafee Parrott 6-0 " 24 Chicago vs. St. Louis Chicago Hutchinson Breit'st'n 3-1 " 25 New York vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Rusie Kennedy 12-6 " 25 Boston vs. Washington Boston Nichols Maul 10-2 " 25 Cleveland vs. Pittsburgh Cleveland Clarkson Killen 5-2 " 26 New York vs. Brooklyn New York Meekin Stein 8-7 " 26 Boston vs. Washington Boston Lovett Mercer 10-8 " 26 Baltimore vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Inks Taylor 5-5 " 26 Pittsburgh vs. Cleveland Cleveland Ehret Cuppy[3] 12-3 " 26 St. Louis vs. Chicago Chicago Breitenstein Griffith 9-8 " 26 Louisville vs. Cincinnati Louisville Knell Parrott 5-2 " 27 St. Louis vs. Chicago St. Louis Hawley McGill 3-2 " 27 Louisville vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Hemming Dwyer 6-5 " 28 Boston vs. Washington Boston Staley Petty 18-12 " 28 Pittsburgh vs. Louisville Pittsburgh Gumbert Menafee 4-2 " 28 Pittsburgh vs. Louisville Pittsburgh Killen Stratton 11-6 " 29 New York vs. Cleveland New York Meekin Young 2-0 " 29 Philadelphia vs. Chicago Philadelphia Taylor Hutchinson 14-7 " 29 Washington vs. Louisville Washington Mercer Hemming 12-2 " 29 St. Louis vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Breit'stein Kennedy 9-8 " 29 Pittsburgh vs. Baltimore Pittsburgh Ehret McMahon 3-2 " 30 New York vs. Cleveland New York Rusie Cuppy 2-1 " 30 Brooklyn vs. St. Louis Brooklyn Stein A. Clarkson 6-2 " 30 Washington vs. Louisville Washington Petty Knell 7-3 " 30 Boston vs. Cincinnati Boston Lovett Parrott 13-10 " 30 Chicago vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia McGill Haddock 12-4 " 30 Boston vs. Cincinnati Boston Nichols Chamberlain 20-11 " 30 Washington vs. Louisville Washington Maul Kilroy 14-9 " 30 Brooklyn vs. St. Louis Brooklyn Daub Hawley 5-2 " 30 Chicago vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Griffith Weyhing 12-6 " 30 Cleveland vs. New York New York Clarkson German[2] 3-2 " 31 Baltimore vs. Cincinnati Baltimore Mullane Dwyer 7-1 " 31 Brooklyn vs. Chicago Brooklyn Kennedy Terry 5-3 " 31 Pittsburgh vs. Washington Washington Killen Esper 15-4 " 31 St. Louis vs. New York New York Breit'stein West'velt 6-2

[Footnote 1: Ten innings.]
[Footnote 2: Eleven innings.]
[Footnote 3: Forfeited.]
—————————————————————————————————————-

During the May campaign the first home-and-home series was completed, and the first West vs. East series commenced.

The record showing the relative positions of the twelve clubs up to the close of the May campaign, as also the number of games won and lost by each club during May, is as follows:

THE MAY PENNANT RACE RECORD.
———————————————————————————————-
                          P P
                      P e P e
                      l r l r
                  L a c L a c
              W o y e W o y e
              o s e n o s e n
Clubs. n t d t Clubs. n t d t
———————————————————————————————
Pittsburgh 22 9 31 .710 Brooklyn 15 15 30 .500
Cleveland 19 9 28 .679 St. Louis 15 18 33 .455
Baltimore 17 9 26 .651 Cincinnati 11 17 28 .393
Boston 20 11 31 .645 Louisville 10 19 29 .345
Philadelphia 18 10 28 .643 Chicago 10 20 30 .333
New York 16 16 32 .500 Washington 6 26 32 .188

Three games were drawn during May; one was forfeited; one protested; and one stopped by fire. ———————————————————————————————

During May the Pittsburghs pulled up to the head of the first division, with the percentage figures of .710, Cleveland being second with .679, and Baltimore third with .654; Boston, Philadelphia and New York following in order—Brooklyn being tied with New York for sixth place. Baltimore had pulled up ahead of Boston, while Philadelphia fell off, as did St. Louis and Cincinnati, both of the latter clubs retiring to the second division, while Washington allowed the April tail-enders to push them into the last ditch, and it was not until August 23d that they got out of it.

THE JUNE CAMPAIGN RECORD.

The month's record of the June campaign shows that several important changes were made in the relative positions of the majority of the twelve clubs in the race, the record being as follows:

THE JUNE RECORD. —————————————————————————————————————- Date. Contesting Clubs. City. Pitchers. Score. —————————————————————————————————————- June 1 Washington vs. Pittsburgh Washington Mercer Gumbert 10-5 " 1 Baltimore vs. Cincinnati Baltimore Hawke Chambl'n 9-8 " 1 Brooklyn vs. Chicago Brooklyn Gastright Griffith 5-0 " 1 Philadelphia vs. Louisville Philadelphia Taylor Menafee[3] 10-3 " 1 Cleveland vs. Boston Boston Young Stivetts 22-8 " 1 St. Louis vs. New York New York A. Clarkson Rusie 5-1 " 2 St. Louis vs. New York New York Hawley Meekin 2-2 " 2 Boston vs. Cleveland Boston Nichols Clarkson 11-10 " 2 Philadelphia vs. Louisville Philadelphia Weyhing Hemming 11-0 " 2 Baltimore vs. Cincinnati Baltimore McMahon Parrott 13-6 " 2 Washington vs. Pittsburgh Washington Maul Ehret 11-6 " 2 Brooklyn vs. Chicago Brooklyn Stein Abbey 1-0 " 3 No games scheduled " 4 Cincinnati vs. New York New York Dwyer German 8-4 " 4 Pittsburgh vs. Boston Boston Killen Staley 7-4 " 4 St. Louis vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Breitenstein Taylor 3-2 " 4 Washington vs. Cleveland Washington Petty Cuppy 8-5 " 4 Baltimore vs. Chicago Baltimore Hawke McGill 12-4 " 4 Brooklyn vs. Louisville Brooklyn Daub Knell 18-4 " 5 New York vs. Cincinnati New York Meekin Chamberl'n 10-6 " 5 Brooklyn vs. Louisville Brooklyn Kennedy Menafee 5-4 " 5 Boston vs. Pittsburgh Boston Nichols Gumbert 7-3 " 5 Baltimore vs. Chicago Baltimore McMahon Hutchinson[1] 8-5 " 5 Cleveland vs. Washington Washington Young Mercer 9-6 " 5 St. Louis vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Hawley Weyhing 7-3 " 6 Pittsburgh vs. Boston Boston Colcolough Lampe 27-11 " 7 Pittsburgh vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Gumbert Gastright 13-13 " 7 New York vs. Chicago New York Westervelt Terry 8-7 " 7 Philadelphia vs. Cleveland Philadelphia Taylor Clarkson 6-0 " 7 Boston vs. St. Louis Boston Nichols Breitenstein 18-7 " 7 Washington vs. Cincinnati Washington Maul Parrott 8-8 " 7 Baltimore vs. Louisville Baltimore Inks Hemming 7-4 " 8 New York vs. Chicago New York Rusie McGill 3-0 " 8 Brooklyn vs. Pittsburgh Brooklyn Kennedy Ehret 2-1 " 8 Boston vs. St. Louis Boston Stivetts A.Clarkson 12-6 " 8 Baltimore vs. Louisville Baltimore Hawke Stratton 14-2 " 8 Washington vs. Cincinnati Washington Esper Dwyer 9-6 " 8 Cleveland vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Young Weyhing 4-1 " 9 Boston vs. St. Louis Boston Nichols Breitenstein 12-8 " 9 Philadelphia vs. Cleveland Philadelphia Taylor Fischer 9-1 " 9 Baltimore vs. Louisville Baltimore McMahon Menafee 7-5 " 9 Brooklyn vs. Pittsburgh Brooklyn Daub Killen 14-5 " 9 Cincinnati vs. Washington Washington Chamberlain Petty 8-3 " 9 Chicago vs. New York New York Hutchinson Meekin 10-9 " 10 No games scheduled. " 11 New York vs. Louisville New York Rusie Hemming 8-3 " 11 Boston vs. Chicago Boston Stivetts Terry 15-14 " 11 Philadelphia vs. Pittsburgh Philadelphia Weyhing Killen 7-4 " 11 Brooklyn vs. Cincinnati Brooklyn Stein Dwyer 12-11 " 11 St. Louis vs. Washington Washington A. Clarkson Maul[2] 3-2 " 11 Cleveland vs. Baltimore Baltimore Young Brown 9-7 " 12 New York vs. Louisville New York Meekin Knell 4-1 " 12 Philadelphia vs. Pittsburgh Philadelphia Taylor Ehret 17-1 " 12 Boston vs. Chicago Boston Nichols McGill 12-9 " 12 Washington vs. St. Louis Washington Mercer Breitenstein 4-3 " 12 Cincinnati vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Chamberlain Gastright 5-3 " 13 New York vs. Louisville New York Rusie Hemming 7-5 " 13 Brooklyn vs. Cincinnati Brooklyn Daub Parrott 11-5 " 13 Baltimore vs. Cleveland Baltimore McMahon Clarkson 9-2 " 13 Washington vs. St. Louis Washington Esper Gleason 12-3 " 13 Chicago vs. Boston Chicago Griffith Lovett 6-2 " 13 Pittsburgh vs. Philadelphia Pittsburgh Nicol Carsey 8-6 " 14 Philadelphia vs. Cincinnati Philadelphia Weyhing Dwyer 5-2 " 14 Boston vs. Louisville Boston Staley Knell 9-6 " 14 Baltimore vs. St. Louis Baltimore Mullane Br'tenst'n[2] 7-6 " 14 Cleveland vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Young Kennedy 5-4 " 14 Pittsburgh vs. New York New York Killen Clark 10-4 " 14 Chicago vs. Washington Washington McGill Sullivan[2] 12-11 " 15 New York vs. Pittsburgh New York Meekin Gumbert 9-2 " 15 Brooklyn vs. Cleveland Brooklyn Stein Lyster 9-8 " 15 Philadelphia vs. Cincinnati Philadelphia Callahan Chamberlain 21-8 " 15 Baltimore vs. St. Louis Baltimore Hawke A. Clarkson 17-3 " 15 Washington vs. Chicago Washington Maul Abbey 6-4 " 15 Boston vs. Louisville Boston Stivetts Hemming 15-10 " 16 New York vs. Pittsburgh New York Rusie Ehret 8-5 " 16 Brooklyn vs. Cleveland Brooklyn Kennedy Fischer 11-7 " 16 Philadelphia vs. Cincinnati Philadelphia Carsey Pfann 19-9 " 16 Baltimore vs. St. Louis Baltimore McMahon Breitenstein 12-5 " 16 Boston vs. Louisville Boston Lovett Stratton 16-10 " 16 Chicago vs. Washington Chicago Griffith Esper 11-5 " 17 St. Louis vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati A.Clarkson Tannehill 9-6 " 18 Philadelphia vs. New York New York Weyhing Meekin 4-1 " 18 Brooklyn vs. Washington Washington Stein Mercer 10-6 " 18 Boston vs. Baltimore Boston Stivetts Mullane 24-7 " 18 Baltimore vs. Boston Boston McMahon Nichols 9-7 " 18 Pittsburgh vs. Louisville Pittsburgh Colcolough Knell 9-8 " 18 Pittsburgh vs. Louisville Pittsburgh Killen Menafee 11-1 " 18 Cleveland vs. Chicago Cleveland Young McGill 11-3 " 18 Cincinnati vs. St. Louis St. Louis Dwyer Breitenstein 8-4 " 19 Brooklyn vs. Washington Washington Kennedy Maul 11-9 " 19 Baltimore vs. Boston Boston Hawke Staley 13-8 " 19 Chicago vs. Cleveland Cleveland Terry Knaus 5-2 " 19 Louisville vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Hemming Easton 9-4 " 19 Cincinnati vs. St. Louis St. Louis Chamb'lain Hawley 3-2 " 20 New York vs. Philadelphia New York Clark Carsey 6-4 " 20 New York vs. Philadelphia New York Rusie Callahan 14-6 " 20 Boston vs. Baltimore Boston Stivetts McMahon 13-12 " 20 Washington vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Esper Daub 16-12 " 20 Pittsburgh vs. Louisville Pittsburgh Gumbert Menafee 7-6 " 20 Cleveland vs. Chicago Cleveland Clarkson Griffith 7-3 " 20 St. Louis vs. Cincinnati St. Louis Breitenstein Blank 4-2 " 21 Brooklyn vs. New York Brooklyn Kennedy Germar 16-1 " 21 Boston vs. Washington Boston Nichols Mau 10-7 " 21 Baltimore vs. Philadelphia Baltimore Mullane Weyhing 9-5 " 21 Chicago vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Terry Ehrel 10-7 " 21 Louisville vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Knell Dwyer 5-4 " 22 Brooklyn vs. New York New York Stein Rusie 7-0 " 22 Baltimore vs. Philadelphia Baltimore Inks Burris 18-14 " 22 Washington vs. Boston Washington Mercer Staley 26-12 " 22 Pittsburgh vs. Chicago Pittsburgh Killen Griffith 11-4 " 22 Cleveland vs. St. Louis St. Louis Young A. Clarkson 6-3 " 23 New York vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Meekin Kennedy 10-8 " 23 Boston vs. Washington Washington Stivetts Esper 12-5 " 23 Baltimore vs. Philadelphia Baltimore McMahon Lukens 18-11 " 23 St. Louis vs. Cleveland St. Louis Breitenst'n Griffith 14-8 " 23 Pittsburgh vs. Chicago Pittsburgh Colcol'gh Hutchinson 9-4 " 23 Cincinnati vs. Louisville Cincinnati Chamberlain Stratt'n 5-1 " 23 Cincinnati vs. Louisville Cincinnati Tannehill Menafee 8-8 " 24 Cincinnati vs. Louisville Louisville Dwyer Hemming 7-5 " 24 St. Louis vs. Cleveland St. Louis Hawley Clarkson 14-10 " 24 Baltimore vs. Chicago Chicago Hawke Terry 11-10 " 25 St. Louis vs. New York St. Louis A.Clarkson Rusie 3-2 " 25 Pittsburgh vs. Washington Pittsburgh Killen Esper 6-1 " 25 Chicago vs. Baltimore Chicago Hutchinson Mullane 15-8 " 25 Boston vs. Louisville Louisville Nichols Knell 9-1 " 26 New York vs. St. Louis St. Louis Meekin Breitenstein 4-3 " 26 Baltimore vs. Chicago Chicago McMahon McGill 14-6 " 26 Pittsburgh vs. Washington Pittsburgh Ehret Sullivan 6-5 " 27 New York vs. St. Louis St. Louis Westervelt Hawley 11-0 " 27 Brooklyn vs. Cleveland Cleveland Stein Young 10-7 " 27 Brooklyn vs. Cleveland Cleveland Daub Clarkson 5-2 " 27 Boston vs. Louisville Louisville Stivetts Menafee 13-3 " 27 Chicago vs. Baltimore Chicago Griffith Hawke 13-4 " 27 Pittsburgh vs. Washington Pittsburgh Gumbert Mercer 11-4 " 27 Cincinnati vs.Philadelphia Cincinnati Parrott Weyhing 7-3 " 28 New York vs. Chicago Chicago Rusie Terry 6-5 " 28 Brooklyn vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Kennedy Killen 11-7 " 28 Boston vs. St. Louis St. Louis Nichols A.Clarkson[1] 12-11 " 28 Cleveland vs. Baltimore Cleveland Cuppy Mullane 18-11 " 28 Louisville vs. Philadelphia Louisville Hemming Carsey[1] 11-9 " 28 Cincinnati vs. Washington Cincinnati Chamberlain Maul 6-4 " 29 New York vs. Chicago Chicago Meekin Hutchinson 14-8 " 29 Brooklyn vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Stein Ehret 7-5 " 29 Boston vs. St. Louis St. Louis Staley Breitenstein 13-4 " 29 Baltimore vs. Cleveland Cleveland McMahon Griffith 9-6 " 29 Louisville vs. Philadelphia Louisville Knell Lukens 12-5 " 29 Cincinnati vs. Washington Cincinnati Dwyer Sullivan 6-4 " 30 Baltimore vs. Cleveland Cleveland Inks Young 5-3 " 30 Philadelphia vs. Louisville Louisville Weyhing Menafee 13-6 " 30 Pittsburgh vs. Brooklyn Pittsburgh Gumbert Kennedy 10-6 " 30 Cincinnati vs. Washington Cincinnati Parrott Mercer 12-0 " 30 St. Louis vs. Boston St. Louis A. Clarkson Lovett 10-9

[Footnote 1: Ten innings.]
[Footnote 2: Eleven innings.]
[Footnote 3: Forfeited.]
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE JUNE PENNANT RACE RECORD.
———————————————————————————-
                       P P
                   P e P e
                   l r l r
                L a c L a c
             W o y e W o y e
             o s e n o s e n
Clubs. n t d t Clubs. n t d t
———————————————————————————-
Baltimore 37 15 52 .712 Cleveland 28 23 51 .549
Boston 38 19 57 .667 Cincinnati 23 30 53 .434
Brooklyn 33 20 53 .623 St. Louis 25 33 58 .431
Pittsburgh 35 22 57 .614 Chicago 18 37 55 .327
Philadelphia 29 22 51 .569 Washington 16 41 57 .281
New York 31 24 55 .564 Louisville 14 41 55 .255

No games were drawn, forfeited or protested. ———————————————————————————-

The Baltimore club retained the leading position in the race at the close of the June campaign with the percentage figures of .712, the tail-end club's percentage figures being .255, a difference in percentage points of .457, thereby showing a poorly contested race even at that early period of the season. Boston was in second position, with Brooklyn third, this month's figures being the culmination of the Brooklyn team's success. Pittsburgh was fourth, that being the only Western club in the first division, although so early in the race, the "Phillies" and the "Giants" being respectively fifth and sixth. Cleveland headed the second division at the close of the month, followed by Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chicago and Washington, Louisville being still occupants of the last ditch.

THE JULY CAMPAIGN RECORD. —————————————————————————————————————- Date. Contesting Clubs. City. Pitchers. Score. —————————————————————————————————————- July 1 Cincinnati vs. Brooklyn Cincinnati Chamberlain Daub 9-7 " 1 Louisville vs. Baltimore Louisville Hemming Hawke 6-0 " 1 Washington vs. St. Louis St. Louis Esper Breitenstein 4-2 " 1 Cleveland vs. Chicago Chicago Cuppy Griffith 10-9 " 2 New York vs. Cleveland Cleveland Rusie Griffith 6-4 " 2 Boston vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Nichols Ehret 7-2 " 2 Philadelphia vs. Chicago Chicago Carsey Stratton 17-15 " 3 No games scheduled. " 4 New York vs. Cleveland Cleveland Meekin Cuppy 4-3 " 4 New York vs. Cleveland. Chicago. Weyhing McGill 12-11 " 4 Baltimore vs. Louisville. Louisville McMahon Knell 3-2 " 4 Louisville vs. Baltimore. Louisville Hemming Inks 11-1 " 4 Washington vs. St. Louis. St. Louis. Sullivan Hawley 10-5 " 4 St. Louis vs. Washington. St. Louis. A.Clarkson Mercer 15-8 " 5 New York vs. Louisville. Louisville. Westervelt Menafee 4-3 " 5 Boston vs. Cleveland. Cleveland. Staley Clarkson 22-7 " 5 Philadelphia vs. Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh. Carsey Colcolough 4-3 " 5 St. Louis vs. Brooklyn. St. Louis. Hawley Daub 13-12 " 5 Cincinnati vs. Baltimore. Cincinnati. Dwyer Hawke 20-6 " 5 Chicago vs. Washington. Chicago. Stratton Maul 13-10 " 6 New York vs. Louisville. Louisville. Rusie Hemming 10-6 " 6 Boston vs. Cleveland. Boston. Stivetts Cuppy 19-6 " 6 Philadelphia vs. Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh. Haddock Killen 13-7 " 7 New York vs. Louisville. Louisville. Meekin Knell 14-6 " 7 Brooklyn vs. St. Louis. St. Louis. Kennedy Breitenst'n 10-5 " 7 Boston vs. Cleveland. Cleveland. Nichols Young 16-10 " 7 Philadelphia vs. Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh. Weyhing Ehret 12-0 " 7 Baltimore vs. Cincinnati. Cincinnati. Inks Parrott 11-2 " 7 Chicago vs. Washington Chicago Abbey Sullivan 9-7 " 8 Brooklyn vs. St. Louis. St. Louis. Stein A.Clarkson 12-5 " 8 Washington vs. Chicago. Chicago. Esper Griffith 9-8 " 8 Baltimore vs. Cincinnati. Cincinnati. McMahon Chamberlain 14-4 " 9 New York vs. Cincinnati. Cincinnati. Rusie Parrott 13-8 " 9 Philadelphia vs. St. Louis. St. Louis. Callahan Hawley 11-10 " 9 Baltimore vs. Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh. Brown Killen 14-10 " 9 Louisville vs. Brooklyn. Louisville. Wadsw'th Kennedy 20-8 " 9 Chicago vs. Boston. Chicago. Stratton Staley 18-11 " 9 Cleveland vs. Washington. Cleveland. Cuppy Esper 16-15 " 10 Cincinnati vs. New York. Cincinnati. Dwyer Meekin 7-3 " 10 Louisville vs. Brooklyn. Louisville. Menafee Daub 13-7 " 10 Pittsburgh vs. Baltimore. Pittsburgh. Ehret McMahon 19-9 " 10 Cleveland vs. Washington. Cleveland. Young Esper 23-4 " 10 St. Louis vs. Philadelphia. St. Louis. Breitenst'n Haddock 17-8 " 10 Boston vs. Chicago. Chicago. Stivetts McGill 12-3 " 11 Cincinnati vs. New York. Cincinnati. Parrott Westervelt 6-5 " 11 Louisville vs. Brooklyn. Louisville. Hemming Stein 7-3 " 11 Pittsburgh vs. Baltimore. Pittsburgh. Gumbert Inks 8-6 " 11 Chicago vs. Boston. Chicago. Griffith Nichols 13-1 " 11 Cleveland vs. Washington. Cleveland. Griffith Mercer[1] 15-10 " 11 St. Louis vs. Philadelphia. St. Louis. A.Clarkson Weyhing 13-12 " 12 New York vs. Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh. Rusie Killen 9-6 " 12 Boston vs. Cincinnati. Cincinnati. Stivetts Dwyer 6-4 " 12 Chicago vs. Brooklyn. Chicago. Stratton Kennedy 11-6 " 12 Louisville vs. Washington. Louisville. Knell Sullivan 7-5 " 12 Cleveland vs. Philadelphia. Cleveland. Cuppy Carsey 20-10 " 13 Pittsburgh vs. New York. Pittsburgh. Ehret Westervelt 10-4 " 13 St. Louis vs. Baltimore. St. Louis. Breitenstein Hawke 11-10 " 13 Cincinnati vs. Philadelphia Cleveland Young Callahan 16-8 " 13 Boston vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Staley Parrott 22-7 " 14 New York vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Meekin Gumbert 9-5 " 14 Baltimore vs. St. Louis St. Louis Inks Hawley 7-3 " 14 Brooklyn vs. Chicago Chicago Stein Abbey[1] 8-8 " 14 Cincinnati vs. Boston Cincinnati Cross Nichols 14-12 " 14 Cleveland vs. Philadelphia Cleveland Griffith Weyhing 14-7 " 14 Louisville vs. Washington Louisville Wadsworth Esper 5-3 " 15 Chicago vs. Brooklyn Chicago Terry Gastright 10-7 " 15 Baltimore vs. St. Louis St. Louis McMahon A.Cl'kson[2] 9-8 " 15 Louisville vs. Washington Louisville Menafee Mercer 11-8 " 15 Cincinnati vs. Cleveland Cincinnati Dwyer Cuppy 17-8 " 16 Philadelphia vs. Boston Philadelphia Harper Stivitts 9-2 " 16 St. Louis vs. Pittsburgh St. Louis Br't'nst'n Colcol'gh 11-7 " 16 Louisville vs. Chicago Chicago Hemming Griffith 11-10 " 16 Cleveland vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Young Parrott 9-1 " 17 New York vs. Washington New York Rusie Maul 7-2 " 17 Philadelphia vs. Boston Philadelphia Taylor Staley[4] 12-2 " 17 Baltimore vs. Brooklyn Baltimore Gleason Kennedy 13-4 " 17 Cleveland vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Griffin Flynn 16-7 " 17 Pittsburgh vs. St. Louis St. Louis Ehret Mason 5-4 " 17 Chicago vs. Louisville Chicago Stratton Knell 8-5 " 18 New York vs. Washington New York Meekin Mercer 5-4 " 18 Boston vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Nichols Weyhing 6-5 " 18 Baltimore vs. Brooklyn Baltimore Hawke Underwood 6-2 " 18 Cleveland vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Young Chamberlain 9-4 " 18 St. Louis vs. Pittsburgh St. Louis Hawley Gumbert 3-2 " 18 Chicago vs. Louisville Chicago Terry Wadsworth 8-4 " 19 New York vs. Washington New York German Sullivan 13-12 " 19 Brooklyn vs. Baltimore Baltimore Stein Inks 10-8 " 19 Cincinnati vs. Pittsburgh Cincinnati Dwyer Colcolough 8-6 " 19 St. Louis vs. Chicago St. Louis Breitenstein Abbey 7-1 " 20 Boston vs. New York Boston Stivetts Rusie 12-1 " 20 Brooklyn vs. Philadelphia Brooklyn Kennedy Taylor 8-2 " 20 Baltimore vs. Washington Washington Hawke Petty 12-8 " 20 Cincinnati vs. Pittsburgh Cincinnati Chamberlain Ehret 7-6 " 20 Louisville vs. Cleveland Louisville Menafee Mullane 7-4 " 21 Boston vs. New York Boston Nichols Meekin 14-3 " 21 Brooklyn vs. Philadelphia Brooklyn Underwood Herper 8-7 " 21 Washington vs. Baltimore Baltimore Maul Gleason 14-3 " 21 Chicago vs. St. Louis St. Louis Stratton Hawley[1]16-11 " 21 Cleveland vs. Louisville Louisville Cuppy Hemming 2-0 " 21 Cleveland vs. Louisvile Louisville Young Knell 9-1 " 21 Cincinnati vs. Pittsburgh Cincinnati Cross Gumbert 12-4 " 22 Cincinnati vs. Louisville Louisville Dwyer Wadsworth 4-0 " 22 Chicago vs. St. Louis St. Louis Griffith A.Clarkson 11-9 " 23 Boston vs. New York Boston Staley German 9-5 " 23 Brooklyn vs. Philadelphia Brooklyn Stein Taylor 7-3 " 23 Philadelphia vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Weyhing Daub 12-4 " 23 Cincinnati vs. Louisville Louisville Chamberlain Menafee 9-8 " 23 Pittsburgh vs. Chicago Chicago Killen Stratton 14-6 " 24 New York vs. Baltimore New York Rusie McMahon 1-0 " 24 Cleveland vs. St. Louis Cleveland Mullane Breitenst'n 12-9 " 24 Cleveland vs. St. Louis Cleveland Cuppy Hawley 4-2 " 24 Cincinnati vs. Louisville Louisville Parrott Hemming 4-3 " 24 Chicago vs. Pittsburgh Chicago Hutchinson Ehret 18-11 " 25 New York vs. Baltimore New York Meekin Gleason 7-2 " 25 Brooklyn vs. Boston Boston Kennedy Stivetts 8-7 " 25 Boston vs. Brooklyn Boston Nichols Underwood 12-6 " 25 Washington vs. Philadelphia Washington Mercer Fanning 16-6 " 25 Philadelphia vs. Washington Washington Carsey Sullivan 9-6 " 25 Cleveland vs. St. Louis Cleveland Young Breitenstein 12-3 " 25 Chicago vs. Pittsburgh Chicago Griffith Colcolough 24-6 " 26 New York vs. Baltimore New York German Hawke 16-4 " 26 Brooklyn vs. Boston Boston Stein Staley 15-9 " 26 Washington vs. Philadelphia Washington Maul Taylor 5-4 " 26 Pittsburgh vs. Cleveland Cleveland Ehret Mullane 9-3 " 27 Philadelphia vs. New York Philadelphia Harper Rusle 13-5 " 27 Washington vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Mercer Kennedy 8-2 " 27 Boston vs. Baltimore Baltimore Stivetts McMahon 7-4 " 27 Cleveland vs. Pittsburgh Cleveland Cuppy Nicol 9-6 " 27 Cincinnati vs. Chicago Cincinnati Dwyer Stratton 14-12 " 27 St. Louis vs. Louisville St. Louis Hawley Wadsworth 6-4 " 28 New York vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Meekin Carsey[3] 12-11 " 28 Brooklyn vs. Washington Brooklyn Underwood Sullivan 9-5 " 28 Boston vs. Baltimore Baltimore Staley Gleason 8-4 " 28 Pittsburgh vs. Cleveland Cleveland Ehret Young 8-0 " 28 Cincinnati vs. Chicago Cincinnati Cross Griffith 19-13 " 28 Louisville vs. St. Louis St. Louis Hemming Mason 8-4 " 29 St. Louis vs. Louisville St. Louis Breitenst'n Menafee 13-2 " 29 Louisville vs. St. Louis St. Louis Knell Hawley 9-2 " 29 Chicago vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Griffith Parrott 16-9 " 30 New York vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia German Taylor 13-7 " 30 Washington vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Maul Daub 10-6 " 30 Boston vs. Baltimore Baltimore Stivetts Hawke 5-2 " 30 Pittsburgh vs. Cincinnati Pittsburgh Gumbert Cross 8-6 " 30 Cleveland vs. Louisville Cleveland Cuppy Wadsworth 14-5 " 30 Chicago vs. St. Louis Chicago Stratton Hawley 8-4 " 31 New York vs. Boston New York Rusie Nichols 4-3 " 31 Philadelphia vs. Brooklyn Philadelphia Harper Kennedy 13-6 " 31 Baltimore vs. Washington Baltimore McMahon Mercer 11-3 " 31 Chicago vs. St. Louis Chicago Hutchinson Breitenst'n 8-1 " 31 Cleveland vs. Louisville Cleveland Mullane Hemming[2] 12-10 " 31 Louisville vs. Cleveland Cleveland Menafee Young 12-4 " 31 Pittsburgh vs. Cincinnati Pittsburgh Nicol Dwyer[2] 11-10

[Footnote 1: Ten Innings]
[Footnote 2: Eleven innings.]
[Footnote 3: Thirteen innings.]
[Footnote 4: Forfeited.]
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE JULY PENNANT RACE RECORD. ———————————————————————————- P P P e P e l r l r L a c L a c W o y e W o y e o s e n o s e n Clubs. n t d t Clubs. n t d t ———————————————————————————- Boston 54 28 82 .659 Philadelphia 40 36 76 .526 Baltimore 47 29 76 .618 Cincinnati 39 41 80 .488 New York 49 31 80 .613 Chicago 34 45 79 .430 Cleveland 46 34 80 .575 St. Louis 35 60 85 .412 Brooklyn 42 35 77 .545 Louisville 27 56 83 .325 Pittsburgh 43 38 81 .531 Washington 24 57 81 .296 ———————————————————————————-

By the end of July the Boston club had ousted Baltimore out of first place, and the calculation now was that Boston would ultimately win. New York had pulled up to third place this month, and from this time out these three clubs monopolized the three leading positions in the race, no other club from now on being regarded as in the race, as far as the winning of the pennant was concerned. On the 31st of July two Western clubs occupied positions in the first division—Cleveland being fourth and Pittsburgh sixth—the Brooklyn club leading the "Pirates" by a few points only. The "Phillies" had been forced back into the second division, and Louisville had pushed the Washingtons into the last ditch, the difference in percentage points between the Boston and Washington clubs—the leader and tail-ender—being 355 points.

Now came the trying month of August, and with it came the customary falling off in patronage, largely due to the one-sided character of the pennant race, the chief interest in the contest for the championship now lying in the struggle for the lead between Baltimore, New York, and Boston, the "Bean Eaters" still leading at the end of July, followed by Baltimore and New York.

[Illustration: Brooklyn Base Ball Club, '94.]
[Illustration: Cleveland Base Ball Club, '94.]
[Illustration: Pittsburgh Base Ball Club, '94.]
[Illustration: A.C. Anson, Chicago Base Ball Club.
The only "Colt" Who Had a picture Taken.]

THE AUGUST CAMPAIGN RECORD

The following is the record of the August campaign, which led to a material change in the relative positions of the twelve clubs by the close of the month:

THE AUGUST RECORD —————————————————————————————————————- Date. Contesting Clubs. City. Pitchers. Score. —————————————————————————————————————- Aug. 1 New York vs. Boston New York Meekin Staley[2] 5-4 " 1 Philadelphia vs. Brooklyn Philadelphia Carsey Stein 6-5 " 1 Baltimore vs. Washington Washington Gleason Stein 6-4 " 1 Baltimore vs. Washington Washington Inks Stockdale 11-4 " 1 Chicago vs. St. Louis Chicago McGill Hawley 26-8 " 1 Pittsburgh vs. Cincinnati Pittsburgh Colcolugh Parrot 15-5 " 2 Boston vs. New York New York Nichols German 13-13 " 2 Philadelphia vs. Brooklyn Philadelphia Fanning Underwood 9-8 " 2 Baltimore vs. Washington Baltimore Hawke Maul 10-9 " 2 St. Louis vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Breitenstein Ehret 7-4 " 2 Cleveland vs. Cincinnati Cleveland Cuppy Chamberlain 9-4 " 2 Chicago vs. Louisville Louisville Hutchinson Knell 4-3 " 3 New York vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Westervelt Daub 17-3 " 3 Brooklyn vs. New York Brooklyn Kennedy Clarke 7-6 " 3 Philadelphia vs. Baltimore Philadelphia Taylor Esper 14-4 " 3 Baltimore vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia McMahon Weyhing 16-3 " 3 Washington vs. Boston Boston Mercer Nichols 8-4 " 3 Cleveland vs. Cincinnati Cleveland Young Cross 11-5 " 3 St. Louis vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Hawley Gumbert[2] 8-6 " 3 Louisville vs. Chicago Louisville Forfeited; no game 9-0 " 4 New York vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Rusie Stein 16-8 " 4 New York vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Meekin Stein 9-* " 4 Boston vs. Washington Boston Stivetts Sullivan 11-5 " 4 Baltimore vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Gleason Carsey 19-12 " 4 Pittsburgh vs. St. Louis Pittsburgh Colcol'h Br'tenst'n 11-5 " 4 Cincinnati vs. Cleveland Cleveland Parrott Cuppy 8-5 " 4 Chicago vs. Louisville Louisville Griffith Hemming 10-4 " 5 Chicago vs. Cincinnati Chicago Griffith Dwyer 8-1 " 5 Lousiville vs. St. Louis Lousiville Wadsworth A.Clarkson 5-2 " 6 Brooklyn vs. New York New York Kennedy Westervelt 21-8 " 6 Boston vs. Washington Boston Staley Maul 15-7 " 6 Chicago vs. Cincinnati Chicago Stratton Cross 12-9 " 6 Pittsburgh vs. Cleveland Pittsburgh Eghret Young 11-6 " 6 Louisville vs. St. Louis Louisville Menafee Hawley 3-1 " 7 New York vs. Washington Washington Rusie Mercer 16-8 " 7 Baltimore vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn McMahon Daub 26-5 " 7 Brooklyn vs. Baltimore Brooklyn Stein Inks 18-8 " 7 Boston vs. Philadelphia Boston Nichols Carsey 19-8 " 7 Cleveland vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Cuppy Colcolough 10-9 " 7 Chicago vs. Cincinnati Chicago Hutchinson Fischer[1]13-11 " 7 St. Louis vs. Louisville Louisville Breitenstein Knell 11-2 " 8 Washington vs. New York Washington Sullivan Meekin 12-10 " 8 Baltimore vs. Broooklyn Brooklyn Gleason Kennedy 4-1 " 8 Baltimore vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Esper Summerville 13-5 " 8 Philadelphia vs. Boston Boston Harper Staley 18-10 " 8 Pittsburgh vs. Cleveland Pittsburgh Ehret Perry 10-3 " 8 Cincinnati vs. Chicago Chicago Dwyer McGill 14-11 " 9 New York vs. Washington Washington Meekin Maul 7-3 " 9 Brooklyn vs. Baltimore Brooklyn Stein Hawke 11-7 " 9 Boston vs. Philadelphia Boston Hodson Taylor 11-2 " 9 Louisville vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Hemming Gumbert 5-4 " 9 Chicago vs. Cincinnati Chicago Dwyer McGill 14-11 " 10 Baltimore vs. New York Baltimore Gleason Rusie 12-9 " 10 Boston vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Nichols Kennedy 12-6 " 10 Washington vs. Philadelphia Washington Mercer Carsey 4-1 " 10 Pittsburgh vs. Louisville Pittsburgh Ehret Wadsworth 9-6 " 10 Cleveland vs. Chicago Chicago Young Hutchinson 2-1 " 11 Baltimore vs. New York Baltimore McMahon Westervelt 20-1 " 11 Boston vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Lucis Stivetts 11-10 " 11 Philadelphia vs. Washington Philadelphia Taylor Sullivan 10-7 " 11 Philadelphia vs. Washington Philadelphia Weyhing Maul 16-4 " 11 Pittsburgh vs. Louisville Pittsburgh Gumbert Menafee 3-2 " 11 Cleveland vs. Chicago Chicago Cuppy Stratton 11-9 " 11 Cincinnati vs. St. Louis Cincinnati Fischer Hawley 7-6 " 12 Chicago vs. Cleveland Chicago Griffith Petty 16-5 " 12 St. Louis vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Breitenstein Parrott 12-5 " 13 New York vs. Baltimore Baltimore Meekin Hawke 5-1 " 13 Brooklyn vs. Boston Brooklyn Stein Hodson 13-5 " 13 Chicago vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Hutchinson Ehret 17-14 " 14 New York vs. St. Louis New York Rusie A.Clarkson 5-4 " 14 Boston vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Nichols Gumbert 22-5 " 14 Baltimore vs. Cincinnati Baltimore Gleason Dwyer[1] 6-5 " 14 Chicago vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Stratton Kennedy 5-1

—————————————————————————————————————- Date. Contesting Clubs. City. Pitchers. Score. —————————————————————————————————————- Aug 14 Cleveland vs. Washington Washington Young Mercer[1] 1-0 " 14 Louisville vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Knell Carsey 13-7 " 15 St. Louis vs. New York New York Breitenstein German 4-3 " 15 Brooklyn vs. Chicago Brooklyn Daub Hutchinson 9-5 " 15 Boston vs. Pittsburgh Boston Stivetts Ehret[2] 6-5 " 15 Philadelphia vs. Louisville Philadelphia Taylor Hemming 14-4 " 15 Baltimore vs. Cincinnati Baltimore McMahon Fischer 8-2 " 15 Washington vs. Cleveland Washington Stockdale Cuppy 7-6 " 16 New York vs. St. Louis New York Meekin Hawley 13-3 " 16 Boston vs. Pittsburgh Boston Staley Menafee 6-4 " 16 Baltimore vs. Cincinnati Baltimore Hawke Parrott 15-6 " 16 Philadelphia vs. Louisville Philadelphia Weyhing Nicol 17-8 " 16 Washington vs. Cleveland Washington Maul Young 6-2 " 16 Chicago vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Griffith Lucid 3-1 " 17 New York vs. St. Louis New York Rusie A.Clarkson 7-6 " 17 Philadelphia vs. Louisville Philadelphia Carsey Wadsworth 29-4 " 17 Cleveland vs. Washington Washington Cuppy Mercer 9-8 " 18 Chicago vs. New York New York Stratton German 6-4 " 18 Chicago vs. New York New York Terry Meekin[1] 5-5 " 18 St. Louis vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Breitenstein Stein 4-0 " 18 Cincinnati vs. Boston Boston Dwyer Nichols 19-6 " 18 Baltimore vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Gleason Ehret 17-2 " 18 Philadelphia vs. Cleveland Philadelphia Taylor Sullivan 11-6 " 18 Washington vs. Louisville Washington Stockdale Hemming 6-4 " 19 No Games Scheduled " 20 New York vs. Chicago New York Rusie Griffith 11-3 " 20 Brooklyn vs. St. Louis St. Louis Kennedy A.Clarkson 20-4 " 20 Philadelphia vs. Cleveland Philadelphia Harper Young 16-1 " 20 Washington vs. Louisville Washington Maul Knell 8-7 " 20 Pittsburgh vs. Baltimore Baltimore Menafee Esper 7-5 " 21 New York vs. Chicago New York German Hutchinson 13-11 " 21 Brooklyn vs. St. Louis Brooklyn Lucid Breitenstein 20-11 " 21 Boston vs. Cincinnati Boston Staley Fischer 18-3 " 21 Boston vs. Cincinnati Boston Nichols Parrott 28-8 " 21 Baltimore vs. Pittsburgh Baltimore Hawke Gumbert 17-11 " 21 Philadelphia vs. Cleveland Philadelphia Carsey Cuppy 12-6 " 21 Washington vs. Louisville Washington Mercer Wadsworth 15-9 " 22 New York vs. Chicago New York Meekin Hutchinson 8-5 " 22 Boston vs. Cincinnati Boston Nichols Fournier 8-7 " 22 Philadelphia vs. Baltimore Philadelphia Taylor Inks 3-2 " 23 New York vs. Louisville New York Rusie Hemming 8-4 " 23 Boston vs. Cleveland Boston Stivetts Young 12-10 " 23 Philadelphia vs. Pittsburgh Philadelphia Harper Menafee 9-4 " 23 Washington vs. Chicago Washington Stockdale Terry 14-3 " 23 St. Louis vs. Baltimore Baltimore Hawley Gleason 10-6 " 23 Cincinnati vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Dwyer Stein 13-2 " 24 New York vs. Louisville New York German Knell 20-4 " 24 Brooklyn vs. Cincinnati Brooklyn Kennedy Fischer 15-9 " 24 Baltimore vs. St. Louis Baltimore McMahon Breitenst'n 5-2 " 24 Philadelphia vs. Pittsburgh Philadelphia Carsey Ehret 14-7 " 24 Boston vs. Cleveland Boston Hodson Cuppy 14-4 " 24 Cleveland vs. Boston Boston Cuppy Staley 10-8 " 24 Chicago vs. Washington Washington Griffith Mercer 10-5 " 25 New York vs. Louisville New York Meekin Nicol 18-6 " 25 New York vs. Louisville New York Rusie Wadsworth 5-1 " 25 Brooklyn vs. Cincinnati Brooklyn Daub Dwyer 5-3 " 25 Baltimore vs. St. Louis Baltimore Hawke A.Clarkson 4-3 " 25 Boston vs. Cleveland Boston Hodson Sullivan 8-3 " 25 Philadelphia vs. Pittsburgh Philadelphia Taylor Gumbert 13-6 " 25 Washington vs. Chicago Washington Mercer Stratton 9-4 " 26 No game scheduled " 27 Cincinnati vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Whitrock Fanning 19-9 " 27 Cincinnati vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Fournier Harper 9-8 " 27 Baltimore vs. Chicago Baltimore Gleason Hutchinson 12-3 " 28 New York vs. Cleveland Cleveland Rusie Young 5-1 " 28 Brooklyn vs. Pittsburgh Brooklyn Kennedy Menafee 8-2 " 28 Philadelphia vs. Chicago Philadelphia Taylor Terry 16-6 " 28 Baltimore vs. Louisville Baltimore McMahon Hemming 8-2 " 28 Washington vs. Cincinnati Washington Maul Dwyer 9-7 " 28 St. Louis vs. Boston Boston Hawley Nichols 9-5 " 29 New York vs. Cleveland New York Meekin Cuppy 6-4 " 29 Brooklyn vs. Pittsburgh Brooklyn Stein Ehret 11-7 " 29 Baltimore vs. Louisville Baltimore Hawke Wadsworth 8-6 " 29 Boston vs. St. Louis Boston Stivetts A.Clarkson 14-4 " 29 Washington vs. Cincinnati Washington Mercer Fournier 9-5 " 29 Chicago vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Griffith Carsey 13-6 " 30 Cleveland vs. New York New York Sullivan Clarke 13-4 " 30 St. Louis vs. Boston Boston Hawley Hodson 7-3 " 30 Chicago vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Hutchinson Harper 15-11 " 30 Baltimore vs. Louisville Baltimore Gleason Knell 9-8 " 30 Brooklyn vs. Pittsburgh Brooklyn Kennedy Gumbert 19-11 " 30 Pittsburgh vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Menafee Daub 9-1 " 30 Washington vs. Cincinnati Washington Stockdale Fischer 8-6 " 31 New York vs. Boston New York Rusie Nichols 5-1 " 31 Baltimore vs. Cleveland Baltimore Esper Young 5-1 " 31 Philadelphia vs. Washington Philadelphia Taylor Maul 10-8 " 31 Philadelphia vs. Washington Philadelphia Weyhing Wynne 11-5

Two games were drawn in August. —————————————————————————————————————-

Baltimore, Boston and New York led the first division clubs in the pennant race up to August 31st, with the respective percentage figures of .657, .645 and .639, followed by Philadelphia with .562, Brooklyn with .533 and Cleveland with .529, only one Western club being left in the first division, something hitherto unprecedented in League pennant races. Pittsburgh led the second division clubs with the percentage figures of .491 only, that club having fallen off badly in August, with Chicago a good second, followed by Cincinnati, St. Louis, Washington and Louisville, the "Senators" having driven the "Colonels" into the last ditch, the Louisville figures being .302.

AUGUST RECORD. ————————————————————————————————- P P P e P e l r l r L a c L a c W o y e W o y e o s e n o s e n Clubs. n t d t Clubs. n t d t ————————————————————————————————- Baltimore 69 36 105 .657 Pittsburgh 52 54 106 .491 Boston 69 38 107 .645 Chicago 49 58 107 .458 New York 69 39 108 .639 Cincinnati 46 60 106 .434 Philadelphia 59 46 105 .562 St. Louis 44 63 107 .411 Brooklyn 56 49 105 .533 Washington 37 71 108 .343 Cleveland 55 49 104 .529 Louisville 32 74 106 .302 ————————————————————————————————-

By the close of the August campaign the Baltimore club had regained the position in the van, and afterward they were not headed. Then began an exciting struggle between the Boston champions and the "Giants" for second place, but it was not until September 6th that the "Giants" led the "Champions," and then only by the percentage figures of .652 to .646. Baltimore leading at that date with but .676, so it will be seen that the fight between those three was nip and tuck after the end of August. At that time the "Phillies," the Brooklyns and the Clevelands were struggling equally hard for fourth place, the "Phillies" leading, with Brooklyn fifth and Cleveland sixth. By this time Washington had comfortably buried the Louisvilles in the last ditch, and no resurrection followed.

THE SEPTEMBER CAMPAIGN RECORD.

The feature of the last monthly campaign of the championship season was the fight for second place between Boston and New York. When the campaign began Baltimore led with the percentage figures of .667, and it was an exceedingly close fight between the "Champions" and "Giants," the former leading the latter by the percentage figures of .645 to .643 on September 3d. The "Phillies," Brooklyns and Clevelands were the next three in the first division, all three being in the five hundreds in percentage points.

THE SEPTEMBER RECORD. —————————————————————————————————————- Date. Contesting Clubs. City. Pitchers. Score. —————————————————————————————————————- Sept 1 New York vs. Cincinnati New York German Whitrock 8-6 " 1 Brooklyn vs. Louisville Brooklyn Stein Hemming 6-5 " 1 Brooklyn vs. Louisville Brooklyn Kennedy Wadsworth 20-7 " 1 Baltimore vs. Cleveland Baltimore Gleason Cuppy 5-2 " 1 Philadelphia vs. St. Louis Philadelphia Carsey Hawley 19-9 " 1 Washington vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Mercer Menafee 11-4 " 1 Pittsburgh vs. Washington Pittsburgh Ehret Mercer 15-6 " 1 Chicago vs. Boston Chicago Terry Stivetts 15-6 " 1 Cincinnati vs. New York New York Dwyer Meekin 8-6 " 1 St. Louis vs. Philadelphia Philadelphia Breitenst'n Fanning 8-6 " 2 No games scheduled " 3 New York vs. Cincinnati New York Meekin Fournier 16-2 " 3 New York vs. Cincinnati New York Rusie Dwyer 6-4 " 3 Brooklyn vs. Louisville Brooklyn Lucid Knell 6-4 " 3 Brooklyn vs. Louisville Brooklyn Daub Inks 9-3 " 3 Boston vs. Chicago Boston Staley Griffith 5-4 " 3 Boston vs. Chicago Boston Nichols Hutchinson 11-4 " 3 Baltimore vs. Cleveland Baltimore Esper Sullivan 13-2 " 3 Baltimore vs. Cleveland Baltimore Hawke Young 10-3 " 3 Philadelphia vs. St. Louis Philadelphia Weyhing Breitenst'n 8-1 " 3 Philadelphia vs. St. Louis Philadelphia Jones Hawley 6-4 " 3 Pittsburgh vs. Washington Pittsburgh Gumbert Maul 22-1 " 4 New York vs. Pittsburgh New York Meekin Menafee 14-13 " 4 Cleveland vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Cuppy Stein 8-0 " 4 Boston vs. Louisville Boston Stivetts Knell 20-11 " 4 Baltimore vs. Chicago Baltimore Hemming Terry 9-3 " 4 Philadelphia vs. Cincinnati Philadelphia Taylor Whitrock 6-2 " 4 St. Louis vs. Washington Washington Breitenst'n Haddock 10-7 " 5 New York vs. Pittsburgh New York Rusie Ehret 4-0 " 5 Brooklyn vs. Cleveland Brooklyn Kennedy Young 2-1 " 5 Boston vs. Louisville Boston Nichols Wadsworth 7-6 " 5 Baltimore vs. Chicago Baltimore Gleason Hutchinson 12-3 " 5 Philadelphia vs. Cincinnati Philadelphia Carsey Dwyer 15-6 " 5 Washington vs. St. Louis Washington St'kdale A.Cl'kson[1] 7-4 " 6 New York vs. Pittsburgh New York Meekin Gumbert 6-5 " 6 Baltimore vs. Chicago Baltimore Hawke Griffith 14-6 " 6 Philadelphia vs. Cincinnati Philadelphia Weyhing Fischer 14-7 " 6 Philadelphia vs. Cincinnati Philadelphia Taylor Whitrock 16-2 " 6 Washington vs. St. Louis Washington Mercer Breitenstein 12-2 " 6 Cleveland vs. Brooklyn Brooklyn Sullivan Lucid 13-2 " 6 Louisville vs. Boston Boston Inks Staley 15-10 " 7 No games scheduled " 8 Boston vs. Chicago Chicago Nichols Hutchinson 3-1 " 8 Baltimore vs. Louisville Louisville Gleason Knell 6-3 " 8 Brooklyn vs. St. Louis St. Louis Stein Hawley 6-1 " 8 Pittsburgh vs. Philadelphia Pittsburgh Menafee Weyhing 13-7 " 8 Cincinnati vs. Washington Cincinnati Dwyer Haddock 14-9 " 9 St. Louis vs. Brooklyn St. Louis Br'tsenst'n Kennedy 7-5 " 9 Brooklyn vs. St. Louis St. Louis Kennedy Hawley 11-7 " 9 Baltimore vs. Louisville Louisville Hemming Wadsworth 9-4 " 9 Cleveland vs. Chicago Chicago Cuppy McGill 9-5 " 9 Cincinnati vs. Washington Cincinnati Whitrock Mercer 4-1 " 9 Cincinnati vs. Washington Cincinnati Fisher Stockdale 7-6 " 10 New York vs. Cleveland Cleveland Rusie Sullivan 13-4 " 10 Boston vs. Chicago Chicago Stivetts Terry 25-8 " 10 Baltimore vs. Louisville Louisville Esper Inks 15-6 " 11 Cleveland vs. New York Cleveland Young Meekin 13-3 " 11 New York vs. Cleveland Cleveland Meekin Cuppy 9-1 " 11 Chicago vs. Boston Chicago Hutchinson Staley 17-2 " 11 Pittsburgh vs. Philadelphia Pittsburgh Colcolough Taylor 9-7 " 11 Pittsburgh vs. Philadelphia Pittsburgh Ehret Johnson 9-8 " 12 Brooklyn vs. Chicago Chicago Stein McGill 12-8 " 12 Philadelphia vs. Louisville Louisville Carsey Knell 5-3 " 12 Baltimore vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Gleason Dwyer 16-2 " 12 Cleveland vs. Boston Cleveland Sullivan Stivetts 9-8 " 12 Pittsburgh vs. Washington Pittsburgh Gumbert Haddock 9-6 " 13 New York vs. St. Louis St. Louis Rusie Hawley 7-3 " 13 Brooklyn vs. Chicago Chicago Kennedy Hutchinson 8-3 " 13 Boston vs Cleveland Cleveland Nichols Cuppy 11-4 " 13 Philadelphia vs. Louisville Louisville Weyhing Wadsworth 5-2 " 13 Washington vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Mercer Menafee 11-6 " 14 St. Louis vs. New York St. Louis A.Clarkson Meekin 1-0 " 15 New York vs. St. Louis St. Louis Rusie Breitenstein 7-2 " 15 Boston vs. Cleveland Cleveland Stivetts Wallace 7-2 " 15 Chicago vs. Brooklyn Chicago Hutchinson Lucid 10-3 " 15 Pittsburgh vs. Washington Pittsburgh Gumbert Stockdale 11-6 " 16 Baltimore vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Gleason Dwyer 14-3 " 16 Cincinnati vs. Baltimore Cincinnati Parrott Hawke 4-3 " 16 Washington vs. Louisville Louisville Mercer Inks 7-6 " 16 Chicago vs. Brooklyn Chicago Griffith Stein 13-5 " 17 New York vs. Chicago Chicago Meekin Hutchinson 5-2 " 17 Baltimore vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Hemming Menafee 10-2 " 17 Baltimore vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Esper Ehret 4-1 " 17 Cleveland vs. Brooklyn Cleveland Sullivan Kennedy 12-6 " 17 St. Louis vs Boston St. Louis Hawley Nichols 6-5 " 17 Louisville vs. Washington Louisville Knell Haddock 7-6 " 18 New York vs. Chicago Chicago Rusie Terry 4-3 " 18 New York vs Chicago Chicago Meekin Griffith 9-6 " 18 Cleveland vs. Brooklyn Cleveland Young Daub 9-3 " 18 Brooklyn vs. Cleveland Cleveland Lucid Cuppy 7-1 " 18 Baltimore vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Gleason Colcolough 15-8 " 18 Philadelphia vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Taylor Fischer 10-4 " 18 Washington vs. Louisville Louisville Mercer Wadsworth 9-4 " 18 St. Louis vs. Boston St. Louis Br'tenst'n Stivetts 5-1 " 19 New York vs. Chicago Chicago Meekin Hutchinson 4-3 " 19 Philadelphia vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Carsey Whitrock 12-11 " 19 Cincinnati vs. Philadelphia Cincinnati Parrott Weyhing 8-3 " 19 St. Louis vs. Boston St. Louis Hawley Stivetts 5-4 " 20 Pittsburgh vs. New York Pittsburgh Menafee Rusie 10-3 " 20 Boston vs. Louisville Louisville Nichols Inks 4-3 " 20 Cleveland vs. Washington Cleveland Wallace Boyd 14-8 " 20 Chicago vs. Philadelphia Chicago Abbey Johnson 20-4 " 21 New York vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Meekin Ehret[2] 4-4 " 21 Boston vs. Louisville Louisville Staley Knell 13-6 " 21 Baltimore vs. St. Louis St. Louis Hemming Breitestein 8-4 " 21 Washington vs. Cleveland Cleveland Mullarky Young 4-3 " 21 Chicago vs. Philadelphia Chicago Hutchinson Taylor 11-5 " 22 New York vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Rusie Colcolough 6-2 " 22 Pittsburgh vs. New York Pittsburgh Ehret German 4-1 " 22 Brooklyn vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Stein Fischer 11-6 " 22 Philadelphia vs. Chicago Chicago Carsey Abbey 9-6 " 22 Baltimore vs. St. Louis St. Louis Esper Hawley 6-4 " 22 Boston vs. Louisville Louisville Stivetts Wadsworth 3-2 " 22 Louisville vs. Boston Louisville Inks 6-4 " 22 Cleveland vs. Washington Cleveland Sullivan Anderson 6-5 " 23 Brooklyn vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Kennedy Whitrock 10-9 " 23 Cincinnati vs. Brooklyn Cincinnati Parrott Daub 3-2 " 23 Washington vs. Chicago Chicago Mullarky Terry 6-5 " 23 Chicago vs. Washington Chicago Griffith Boyd 11-5 " 23 Baltimore vs. St. Louis St. Louis Esper Breitenstein 10-4 " 24 New York vs. Louisville Louisville Meekin Knell 8-7 " 24 Boston vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Stivetts Fischer 7-4 " 24 Cleveland vs. Baltimore Cleveland Cuppy Gleason 12-7 " 24 Pittsburgh vs. Brooklyn Pittsburgh Menafee Stein 10-4 " 24 Chicago vs. Washington Chicago Hutchinson Stockdle 17-5 " 24 Philadelphia vs. St. Louis St. Louis Johnson A.Clarkson 21-1 " 25 New York vs. Louisville Louisville Rusie Wadsworth 15-3 " 25 Baltimore vs. Cleveland Cleveland Esper Young 14-9 " 25 Cincinnati vs. Boston Cincinnati Parrott Nichols 9-7 " 25 Cincinnati vs. Boston Cincinnati Whitrock Hodson 5-1 " 25 St. Louis vs. Philadelphia St. Louis Hawley Figgemeir 14-7 " 25 Pittsburgh vs. Brooklyn Pittsburgh Jordan Kennedy 10-7 " 26 New York vs. Louisville Louisville Meekin Inks 9-5 " 26 Baltimore vs. Cleveland Cleveland Hemming Cuppy 7-6 " 26 Pittsburgh vs. Brooklyn Pittsburgh Colcolo'h Kennedy 9-8 " 26 St. Louis vs. Philadelphia St. Louis Breitestein Johnson 12-6 " 27 New York vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Clark Fischer 11-4 " 27 Boston vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Stivetts Ehret 8-1 " 27 Cleveland vs. Philadelphia Cleveland Young Weyhing 26-4 " 28 New York vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati German Whitrock 9-8 " 28 Pittsburgh vs. Boston Pittsburgh Gumbert Nichols 15-9 " 28 Cleveland vs. Philadelphia Cleveland Wallace Carsey 8-6 " 29 Cincinnati vs. New York Cincinnati Parrott Meekin 7-6 " 29 St. Louis vs. Washington St. Louis Hawley Anderson 6-4 " 29 Chicago vs. Baltimore Chicago Hutchinson Gleason 5-4 " 29 Cleveland vs. Philadelphia Cleveland Sullivan Taylor 11-3 " 29 Boston vs. Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Hodson Menafee 6-5 " 29 Brooklyn vs. Louisville Louisville Stein Knell 11-4 " 30 Baltimore vs. Chicago Chicago Esper Terry 20-9 " 30 Louisville vs. Brooklyn Louisville Wadsworth Daub 10-8 " 30 Brooklyn vs. Louisville Louisville Stein Inks 12-4 " 30 St. Louis vs. Washington St. Louis Br'tenst'n Mullarky 14-2 " 30 St. Louis vs. Washington St. Louis Hawley Boyd 10-4 " 30 Cleveland vs. Cincinnati Cincinnati Cuppy Dwyer 16-16

[Footnote 1: Protested.] [Footnote 2: Forfeited.] —————————————————————————————————————-

THE PITCHING OF 1894.

The pitching of 1894 in the National League arena was in advance of that of 1893, but it has yet to reach the point of perfect work in the box. Somehow or other, managers of teams cannot get it out of their heads that great speed is the principal factor of success in pitching, when the fact is that speed is but an aid to success, secondary in value to that of strategic skill in delivering the ball to the bat.

The experience of the past season in connection with the limit of speed in pitching presents some valuable suggestions which team managers will do well to bear in mind this year. Some years ago, the swift pitching—which had then about reached the highest point of speed—proved to be so costly in its wear and fear upon the catchers that clubs had to engage a corps of reserve catchers, in order to go through a season's campaign with any degree of success. Afterward, however, the introduction of the protective "mitts" led to some relief being afforded the catchers who had been called upon to face the swift pitching of the "cyclone" pitchers of the period. The seasons of 1893 and 1894 were marked by some exhibitions of swift pitching unequaled in the annals of the game, and yet it was not effective in placing the team which held the cyclone pitchers in the lead. If the speed of the ball is too great for catchers to handle, even with the protection the breast pads, masks and the padded gloves of the period afford, why then it is worse than useless. It was skilful, strategic pitching which helped to win the pennant in 1894, and not "cyclone" pitching. Speed is all very well as an important accessory, but without the best of catching to support it, and thorough command of the ball to give it full effect, it is more costly than otherwise.

THE CHAMPION BALTIMORE CLUB'S RECORD.

The complete record of the pitching percentages of victories pitched in, shows that Baltimore's full season's team of pitchers had a general percentage of victories pitched in of .695 by the eight pitchers who occupied the box during the season's campaign. This record excelled the percentage figures of New York's team of five pitchers by 31 points, and that of Boston's seven pitchers by 66 points, the respective percentage figures being, .695, .664 and .629. These figures show the relative strength of the three battery teams, as far as the record of percentage can show them. A better criterion of pitching skill would be, of course, at command, were the scoring rules giving the data of runs earned off the pitching revised properly; but as they were not in 1894, we have to take the next best data at command, that being the percentage of victories pitched in. Taking the records of the first three pitchers named in the Baltimore "battery" team record, as a whole, we do not hesitate to award to McMahon the position of leading pitcher of the club for 1894. Brown led McMahon in percentage of victories against the five Eastern teams, but the former was last on the list against the six Western teams, McMahon's percentage figures against the Western batsmen being .812 against Brown's .500. Against the Eastern teams Brown's figures were .750 to McMahon's .706. But McMahon pitched in 17 games against the Eastern batsmen, to Brown's 4 games only, and that fact counts to McMahon's advantage. Esper stood second in percentage figures against the Western batsmen with the percentage of .889 in 9 games to McMahon's .812 in 16 games. Gleason stood third against the Eastern teams with .625 to McMahon's .706; but against the West, Gleason was fourth, with the percentage of .769 to McMahon's .812. Hawke did service against the West with .688 to .556 against the East. Inks and Mullane stood even at .667 against the West, but Inks led Mullane by .511 to .500 against the East, Horner only pitched in one game. Here is a full record of the eight pitchers of the Baltimore team of 1894, showing what each pitcher did against the Eastern and Western batsmen separately, in victories and defeats against each club, and in percentage of victories pitched in against the batsmen of each section. It is a valuable record, if only in its showing what each pitcher did in the way of victories, against each club of each division.

THE BALTIMORE CLUB'S RECORD.
—————————————————————————————————————-
              EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                    P
                    h
                    i W P C L
                    l a C i i o
           W N a B s l t S n u
           o e d r h P e t C t c i P
BALTIMORE n w B e o i e v s h . i s e
           / o l o n T r e b i L n v T r
vs. L Y s p k g o c l u c o n i o c
           o o t h l t t e a r a u a l t e
           s r o i y o a n n g g i t l a n
Pitchers t k n a n n l t Pitchers d h o s i e l t
——————————————————————————————————————
Brown W 0 0 1 1 1 3 .750 Hemming 1 1 1 1 0 1 5 1.000
           L 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
McMahon W 2 3 2 2 3 12 .706 Esper 3 1 1 2 0 1 8 .889
           L 3 2 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Gleason W 1 0 1 2 1 5 .625 McMahon 2 0 2 3 3 3 13 .811
           L 1 1 0 0 1 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 3
Inks W 1 0 1 0 2 4 .571 Gleason 1 2 2 3 0 2 10 .769
           L 0 0 1 2 0 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 3
Hawke W 0 1 0 1 3 5 .556 Hawke 1 1 3 2 2 2 11 .688
           L 2 1 0 1 0 4 0 0 1 1 2 1 5
Mullane W 2 0 1 1 1 5 .500 Inks 1 0 0 1 1 1 4 .667
           L 0 3 1 1 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 1 2
Esper W 0 0 0 1 0 1 .500 Mullane 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 .667
           L 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Horner W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 Brown 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 .500
           L 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
—————————————————————————————————————-

It will be seen by the above table that, while Brown did not pitch in a single victory against the two clubs standing next to Baltimore in the race, McMahon pitched in five victories; and yet Brown's percentage figures exceeded McMahon's by .750 to .706 against the five clubs as a whole, owing to McMahon's pitching in five defeats, against Brown's single defeats against the New York and Boston batsmen. Hemming's record is A No. 1, as far as he pitched, but he did not pitch in a single game against the Eastern teams, to the extent of a full record of innings pitched in.

THE BALTIMORE PITCHERS' FULL RECORD.
—————————————————————————————-
Per cent. of
Pitchers. Victories. Defeats. Games Pitched. Victories.
—————————————————————————————-
Hemming 5 0 5 1.000
Esper 9 2 11 .818
McMahon 25 8 33 .758
Gleason 15 6 21 .714
Brown 4 2 6 .667
Hawke 16 9 25 .640
Inks 8 5 13 .615
Mullane 7 6 13 .538
Horner 0 1 1 .000
—————————————————————————————-

These tables include all victories and defeats of the season, whether counted or thrown out. It will be seen that only three pitchers pitched in a majority of the games played.

THE NEW YORK CLUB'S PITCHING RECORD.

The New York club, in 1894, went through the season's campaign with the fewest pitchers in their team of any of the twelve clubs. Moreover, their "battery" teams of the season, as a whole, surpassed those of any of the club's previous batteries since the club was organized. Led by Meekin and Farrell—the champion "battery" of 1894—followed by pitchers Rusie, Westervelt, German and Clarke, with catchers Wilson and Doyle, the club presented battery strength sufficient to have carried the team to the goal, but for sundry drawbacks they met with during the early part of the championship campaign, especially during April and May. And handicapped as they were, they managed to close the season in second place, after brilliant rallying work during the last three months of the campaign, when their pitchers were well backed up by better team-work than they had at command up to July.

In giving the record of the work done by the club pitchers, we have deemed it essential to divide the tables up into sections, showing the work done in the box against both the Eastern and Western teams separately, as well as the table showing the aggregate figures of the individual percentages of victories pitched in. Thus it will be seen in the appended table, that while Meekin's pitching was more successful against the batsmen of the Eastern teams, Rusie excelled Meekin in downing the batsmen of the Western teams, by a percentage of victories of .889 against .778 for Meekin. But it should be remembered that in pitching against the batsmen of the three leading teams in the race opposed to them, Meekin pitched in 7 victories out of 11 games, while Rusie only pitched in 6 victories out of 14 games. Against the three most successful of the Western teams, too, Meekin pitched in 13 victories against Rusie's 12. Taking the season's figures as a whole, Meekin led Rusie by the percentage figures of .783 to .735, quite a difference in favor of Meekin. German led Westervelt against the Eastern teams, but the latter led against the Western batsmen, and also had the best percentage figures, in the aggregate of the season, by .498 to German's .471; Clark being in the last ditch in all three tables. Westervelt was a new man in the field compared to German, but he is very likely to excel his last year's record in 1895. The best individual records in victories pitched in by the two leaders, were Rusie's 6 to 0 against Louisville, and Meekin's 3 to 0 against Baltimore. German's best was 2 to 0 against Washington, and Westervelt's was 1 to 0 against Baltimore; Clarke's best being 1 to 0 against Philadelphia.

Here are the records of the pitchers of the team against the five
Eastern and the six Western teams for 1894:

THE SECTIONAL RECORDS.
—————————————————————————————————————-
              EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                    P
                    h
                    i W P C L
              B l a C i i o
           W a a B s l t S n u
           o l d r h P e t C t c i P
NEW YORK n t B e o i e v s h . i s e
           / i o l o n T r e b i L n v T r
vs. L m s p k g o c l u c o n i o c
           o o t h l t t e a r a u a l t e
           s r o i y o a n n g g i t l a n
Pitchers t e n a n n l t Pitchers d h o s i e l t
—————————————————————————————————————-

Meekin W 3 3 1 3 4 14 .778 Russie 4 4 4 4 2 6 24 .889
           L 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 0 2 0 0 3
Rusie W 2 2 2 3 3 12 .545 Meekin 4 4 5 2 2 5 22 .783
           L 2 3 3 1 1 10 1 0 1 1 3 0 6
German W 1 0 1 0 2 4 .500 Westervelt 1 0 1 1 0 1 4 .571
           L 1 1 0 2 0 4 0 1 0 1 1 0 3
Westervelt W 0 1 0 1 1 3 .333 German 0 0 1 0 2 1 4 .471
           L 2 1 2 1 0 6 1 1 1 1 1 0 5
Clarke W 0 0 1 0 0 1 .333 Clarke 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 .333
           L 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE SUMMARY.

—————————————————————————————— Games Per cent. of PITCHERS Victories Defeats Pitched Victories —————————————————————————————— Meekin 36 10 46 .783 Rusie 36 13 49 .735 Westervelt 7 9 16 .498 German 8 9 17 .471 Clarke 2 4 6 .333 ——————————————————————————————

THE BOSTON CLUB'S PITCHING RECORD.

While the Boston team of 1893 went through the season of that year with virtually but four pitchers to do their box work—Quarles and Coyle pitching in but three games in 1893—the batteries of the club for 1894 included seven pitchers, two of the seven each pitching in but single games, Nichols, Stivetts and Staley doing the brunt of the work of the past season. Nichols did his best work against the five Eastern teams, he being most effective against Philadelphia and Brooklyn, neither of which clubs won a game with him in the box against them. He also took both Cleveland and Louisville into camp without their being able to win a single game off his pitching, the only team to strike even figures in games against his pitching being the Cincinnatis—3 to 3, Baltimore winning 2 out of 3 with Nichols opposed to them, and New York 2 out of 5, St. Louis also getting the same figures. Beyond question, Nichols led the Boston pitching record of 1894, he ranking in strategic skill with the best in the League. Stivetts excelled even Nichols against the Western batsmen by a percentage of .763 to Nichols' .692; but against the stronger Eastern teams Nichols led Stivetts by the percentage figures of .756 to .417, an advantage more than off-setting the Western figures of the two pitchers. Lovett and Hodson both excelled Stivetts against the Eastern teams, by .714 and .500, respectively, against Stivetts' .417; but against the Western teams, Stivetts led by .763 to Hodson's .600 and Lovett's .500. Staley was very ineffective against the batsmen of both sections. Lampe pitched in but one game, and that one a defeat by Pittsburgh; Stephens pitching, too, in but one game but it was a victory over Washington. Here are the sectional records for the season, together with the column giving the totals of the season:

THE SECTIONAL RECORDS.
——————————————————————————————————————
              EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                    P G
                    h G r
                    i W P C L r a
              B l a C i i o a n
           W a N a B s l t S n u n d
           o l e d r h P e t C t c i P d P
BOSTON n t w e o i e v s h . i s e e
           / i l o n T r e b i L n v T r T r
vs. L m Y p k g o c l u c o n i o c o c
           o o o h l t t e a r a u a l t e t e
           s r r i y o a n n g g i t l a n a n
Pitchers t e k a n n l t d h o s i e l t l t
——————————————————————————————————————
Stephens W 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 1 1.000
           L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nichols W 1 3 4 4 3 15 .756 3 3 3 3 3 3 18 .692 33 .717
           L 2 2 0 0 1 5 0 2 1 2 3 0 8 12
Stivetts W 4 1 0 1 2 8 .471 3 3 3 2 2 4 18 .763 26 .650
           L 1 1 3 3 1 9 2 0 1 2 0 0 5 14
Lovett W 1 1 1 1 1 5 .714 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 .500 7 .636
           L 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 4
Hodson W 0 0 1 0 0 1 .500 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 .600 4 .571
           L 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 3
Staley W 2 1 0 0 2 5 .385 1 1 1 1 2 2 8 .371 13 .481
           L 1 2 3 1 1 8 1 1 2 0 0 2 6 14
Lampe W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .006
           L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE PHILADELPHIA CLUB'S PITCHING RECORD.

Under the Philadelphia club's management of 1893 but three pitchers were in the box in over 20 games each; and but two others in 10 games and over, seven pitchers being employed during that season. In 1894, the blunder was committed of experimenting with no less than thirteen pitchers with the result of finding it difficult to reach fourth place at the end of the race; while the club, after being in second place in April, fell down to the second division in July. But for this error of judgment, the team might have ended among the three leaders. Of those who pitched in over 10 games, Taylor took a decided lead by a total percentage of .706 to Weyhing's .548 and Carsey's .533. Of those who pitched in less than 10 games and over 5, Harper led with .667 to Haddock's .571. None of the other pitchers reached average figures—.500—except Jones, who only pitched in one game, which he won against St. Louis, while four of the thirteen did not pitch in a single victory. Experimenting with thirteen pitchers was a costly mistake in the management, and should not be repeated. It is bad enough to try too many changes in the in and out field teams, but worse in battery-team-experiments of this kind. Harper led in percentage of victories with .800 against the Eastern club batsmen, while Taylor led against those of the West with .728. The failures of the season were Fanning, Callahan, Johnson, Turner, Burns, Figgemeir and Lukens, the former being the only pitcher of the seven who pitched in a single victory against the Eastern batsmen.

—————————————————————————————————————-
                EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                                                                         G
                                                                    G r
                            W P C L r a
                B a C i i o a n
             W a N B s l t S n u n d
             o l e r h P e t C t c i P d P
PHILADELPHIA n t w B o i e v s h . i s e e
             / i o o n T r e b i L n v T r T r
vs. L m Y s k g o c l u c o n i o c o c
             o o o t l t t e a r a u a l t e t e
             s r r o y o a n n g g i t l a n a n
Pitchers t e k n n n l t d h o s i e l t l t
—————————————————————————————————————-

Jones W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.000 1 1.000
             L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Taylor W 3 2 2 0 3 10 .625 4 2 2 0 3 3 14 .778 24 .706
             L 0 1 1 3 1 6 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 10
Harper W 0 1 2 1 0 4 .800 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 .500 6 .667
             L 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 3
Haddock W 0 1 1 1 0 3 .750 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 .333 4 .571
             L 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 3
Weyhing W 0 2 0 3 3 8 .615 0 2 1 1 2 3 9 .500 17 .548
             L 2 0 2 0 1 5 3 1 1 2 2 0 9 14
Carsey W 1 1 1 2 2 7 .467 0 2 2 1 2 2 9 .600 16 .533
             L 1 2 3 1 1 8 2 1 1 0 0 2 6 14
Callahan W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 .667 2 .400
             L 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 3
Fanning W 0 0 0 1 0 1 .500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 1 .250
             L 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 3
Johnson W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 .250 1 .250
             L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 3 3
Turner W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Burns W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1* 1
Figgemeir W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
Lukens W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2
[Footnote *: Should add up to 0. [Proofreader]]
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE BROOKLYN CLUB'S PITCHING RECORD.

The Brooklyn club experimented with nine pitchers in 1894, of which but three were able to exceed the average in percentage of victories. Of the three, Stein took the lead with the total percentage figures of .650 against Kennedy's .545, Daub being third with but .406 to his credit, all the others pitching in less than 10 games. No less than four of the nine failed to pitch in a single victory. Lucid did good work in the few games he pitched in, his victory over Boston being noteworthy. But he pitched in as many defeats against the Western teams as he did in victories. Four of the nine were worthless for skilful, strategic pitching.

—————————————————————————————————————-
                EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                         P G
                         h G r
                         i W P C L r a
                B l a C i i o a n
             W a N a s l t S n u n d
             o l e d h P e t C t c i P d P
BROOKLYN n t w B e i e v s h . i s e e
             / i o l n T r e b i L n v T r T r
vs. L m Y s p g o c l u c o n i o c o c
             o o o t h t t e a r a u a l t e t e
             s r r o i o a n n g g i t l a n a n
Pitchers t e k n a n l t d h o s i e l t l t
—————————————————————————————————————-

Stein W 3 2 2 2 3 12 .632 2 2 2 3 2 3 14 .667 26 .650
             L 1 3 2 1 0 7 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 14
Lucid W 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.000 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 .500 4 .571
             L 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 3
Kennedy W 1 3 3 1 1 9 .500 2 4 2 3 2 2 15 .577 24 .545
             L 2 3 2 1 1 9 2 3 2 2 1 1 11 20
Gastright W 0 0 0 0 2 2 .500 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 .333 3 .429
             L 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 4
Daub W 0 0 0 1 1 2 .222 1 1 1 1 2 2 8 .500 10 .406
             L 1 1 1 2 2 7 2 1 0 1 2 2 8 15
Underwood W 0 0 0 1 1 2 .400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 2 .400
             L 1 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
G. Sharrott W 0 0 0 0 1 1 .333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 1 .333
             L 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Sommerville W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Korwan W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE CLEVELAND CLUB'S PITCHING RECORD.

The Cleveland club's management made as great a mistake in 1894 as that of the Philadelphia club in experimenting with too many pitchers. They tried but six pitchers in 1892, when they won the championship of the second half of the divided season of that year, and in 1893 put eight in the box. But last year they engaged no less than thirteen pitchers to experiment with, and from third place in 1893 with eight pitchers, they ended in sixth position in 1894 with thirteen. Of those who pitched in over 20 games, Cuppy led with the percentage figures of .568, Young being second with .543. Of those who pitched in over 10 games and less than 20, Sullivan led with .600, followed by John Clarkson with .533. Of those who pitched in less than 10 games, but one reached average figures in percentage, Menafee pitching in only one game, a victory over Brooklyn, and Mullane in but 3, of which 2 were victories over St. Louis and Louisville. Cuppy did fine box work against the five Western clubs opposed to him, but he was excelled by Young against the Eastern batsmen. Five of the thirteen failed to pitch in a single victory.

—————————————————————————————————————-
                EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                         P G
                         h G r
                         i W P C L r a
                B l a i i o a n
             W a N a B s t S n u n d
             o l e d r h P t C t c i P d P
CLEVELAND n t w B e o i e s h . i s e e
             / i o l o n T r b i L n v T r T r
vs. L m Y s p k g o c u c o n i o c o c
             o o o t h l t t e r a u a l t e t e
             s r r o i y o a n g g i t l a n a n
Pitchers t e k n a n n l t h o s i e l t l t
—————————————————————————————————————-
Menafee W 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.000 0 0 1 0 0 1 .000 1 1.000
             L 0 0 0 0 0 0 1[*] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mullane W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 1 0 1 2 .667 2 .667
             L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
Sullivan W 0 1 1 1 2 1 6 .600 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 6 .600
             L 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cuppy W 2 0 1 1 1 2 7 .368 2 3 3 2 4 14 .778 21 .568
             L 2 4 3 0 1 2 12 2 0 0 2 0 4 16
Young W 1 1 1 3 2 3 11 .440 1 4 3 4 2 14 .667 25 .543
             L 4 3 2 1 2 2 14 3 0 1 1 2 7 21
J. Clarkson W 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 .167 1 2 2 1 1 7 .778 8 .533
             L 1 0 2 1 1 0 5 1 0 1 0 0 2 7
Wallace W 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 .667 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 2 .500
             L 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2
Griffith W 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 .500 0 0 0 1 0 1 .500 2 .500
             L 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 2
Lyster W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Whitrock W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Knauss W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Fischer W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Petty W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
             L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 2
[Footnote *: Total should be 0. [Proofreader]]
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE PITTSBURGH CLUB'S PITCHING RECORD.

Of the nine pitchers employed by the Pittsburgh club in 1894 only three pitched in 20 games and over, and of this trio Killen led in percentage figures with .583, against Gumbert's .563 and Ehret's .389. The latter's blunders, outside of his actual box work, damaged him in his field support and in loss of local favor, otherwise he would have probably led in the season's record against the Eastern clubs. Gumbert led Killen by .471 to .364 in percentage figures, Killen being the most effective against the Western teams. Of those who pitched in 10 games and less than 20, Colcolough did the best work, with average percentage figures against the batsmen of both sections, with an even .500 in percentage figures against both, Menafee being second against both with .333 each. Of those who pitched in 5 games and less than 10, Nicol took the lead with the total figures of .667. Terry was a failure in Pittsburgh, but did well in Chicago. Easton was the last ditch pitcher, not winning a game. Ehret's record against Cleveland was the best of the season—not a single lost game out of the series he pitched in. Jordan won his single game.

—————————————————————————————————————-
                EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P G
                        h G r
                        i W C L r a
               B l a C i o a n
            W a N a B s l S n u n d
            o l e d r h P e C t c i P d P
PITTSBURGH n t w B e o i e v h . i s e e
            / i o l o n T r e i L n v T r T r
vs. L m Y s p k g o c l c o n i o c o c
            o o o t h l t t e a a u a l t e t e
            s r r o i y o a n n g i t l a n a n
Pitchers t e k n a n n l t d o s i e l t l t
—————————————————————————————————————-
Jordan W 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 1 1.000
            L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nicol W 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.000 0 0 1 2 0 3 .600 4 .667
            L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 2
Killen W 0 1 1 0 0 2 4 .364 1 4 1 1 3 10 .769 14 .583
            L 1 1 1 2 2 0 7 2 0 1 0 0 3 10
Gumbert W 1 0 1 1 1 4 8 .471 0 2 2 2 4 10 .667 18 .563
            L 1 3 2 1 1 1 9 0 0 2 2 1 5 14
Colcolough W 0 0 1 1 1 0 3 .500 0 1 1 1 1 4 .500 7 .500
            L 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 1 1 1 1 0 4 7
Ehret W 2 2 1 1 0 2 8 .364 7 0 1 1 1 10 .556 18 .389
            L 2 2 3 3 3 1 14 0 5 2 1 0 8 22
Menafee W 1 1 0 0 2 0 4 .333 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 4 .333
            L 1 1 2 1 1 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
Terry W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Easton W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE CHICAGO CLUB'S RECORD.

The Chicago club, in 1894, placed only seven pitchers in the box, of which but three pitched in 20 games and over, and but two in not less than 10 games and not less than 20. Of the three former, Griffith led with a percentage of victories pitched in of .645 to Stratton's .643 and Hutchinson's .471, McGill being fourth with but .240. Of those who pitched in not less than 5 games, besides the above pitchers, Abbey led with .333, Terry's figures being .294, the Eastern batsmen punishing him badly. Camp pitched in but one game, and that a defeat.

—————————————————————————————————————-
                EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P G
                        h G r
                        i W P C L r a
               B l a C i i o a n
            W a N a B s l t S n u n d
            o l e d r h P e t t c i P d P
CHICAGO n t w B e o i e v s . i s e e
            / i o l o n T r e b L n v T r T r
vs. L m Y s p k g o c l u o n i o c o c
            o o o t h l t t e a r u a l t e t e
            s r r o i y o a n n g i t l a n a n
Pitchers t e k n a n n l t d h s i e l t l t
—————————————————————————————————————-
Griffith W 1 0 2 2 2 3 10 .625 1 3 1 3 2 10 .667 20 .645
            L 1 2 1 0 1 1 6 2 1 0 1 1 5 11
Stratton W 0 1 1 0 2 1 5 .714 0 0 2 1 1 4 .571 9 .643
            L 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 3 5
Hutchinson W 2 1 1 2 1 2 9 .409 0 2 2 1 2 7 .583 16 .471
            L 3 5 2 1 2 0 13 1 2 1 1 0 5 18
Abbey W 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 .333 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 2 .333
            L 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 1 2 1 0 1 4
Terry W 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 .143 1 1 0 0 1 3 1.000 5 .294
            L 3 3 2 1 1 2 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 12
McGill W 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 .222 0 0 1 1 2 4 .250 6 .240
            L 2 1 2 1 1 0 7 4 2 2 2 2 12 19
Camp W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE ST. LOUIS CLUB'S RECORD.

The St. Louis club tried seven pitchers in 1894, and but one reached the percentage average of .500 and over, and that one was Breitenstein, who had .519; Hawley being second with .419, and A. Clarkson third with .360, Gleason making but little effort in the St. Louis box, though he did better in that of Baltimore, his percentage being but .250 in the St. Louis team. Clark, Sullivan and Mason were failures, not one of them pitching in a single victory. Here is the record:

—————————————————————————————————————-
                 EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                          P G
                          h G r
                          i W P C L r a
                 B l a C i i o a n
              W a N a B s l t n u n d
              o l e d r h P e t C c i P d P
ST. LOUIS n t w B e o i e v s h i s e e
              / i o l o n T r e b i n v T r T r
vs. L m Y s p k g o c l u c n i o c o c
              o o o t h l t t e a r a a l t e t e
              s r r o i y o a n n g g t l a n a n
Pitchers t e k n a n n l t d h o i e l t l t
—————————————————————————————————————-
Breitenstein W 1 2 1 4 3 2 13 .448 2 4 2 3 3 14 .609 27 .519
              L 5 2 8 1 2 3 16 3 2 2 2 0 9 25
Hawley W 1 0 4 2 1 2 10 .417 1 2 2 1 2 8 .421 18 .419
              L 2 3 3 3 3 0 14 1 1 3 3 3 11 25
A. Clarkson W 0 3 1 1 0 2 7 .438 0 0 1 1 0 2 .222 9 .360
              L 3 2 0 0 3 1 9 3 1 1 1 1 7 16
Gleason W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 1 0 1 2 .286 2 .250
              L 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 5 6
Clark W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
              L 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Sullivan W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
              L 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Clark W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
              L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 2
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE CINCINNATI CLUB'S RECORD.

It may be said of the Cincinnati club's management in 1894, that in the multiplicity of pitchers there is much danger, or words to that effect. Twelve pitchers were tried (including one who pitched in two innings) with a field support of no less than eleven players, exclusive of the pitchers who took part at times in both infield and outfield positions, together with four catchers, an aggregate of 27 players to occupy but nine positions in the game. Could blundering management go further? Under such circumstances is it any wonder that team-work was impossible, while cliques of disappointed players still further weakened the nine in nearly every game, the ultimate result being ninth place in the race, with the added discredit of being beaten out in the race by their old rivals, the St. Louis "Browns." But three of the twelve pitchers took part in 20 games and over, and but one in 10 games and less than 20, and three out of the twelve failed to win a single game. Parrott did the most effective work against the Eastern batsmen, and he and Dwyer were tied against the Western batsmen, but two of the twelve pitching in more victories than defeats. The experience of the Cincinnati "battery" teams should teach managers a lesson for 1895 in indulging in experiments with too many pitchers.

—————————————————————————————————————-
                 EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                          P G
                          h G r
                          i W P L r a
                 B l a C i o a n
              W a N a B s l t S u n d
              o l e d r h P e t C t i P d P
CINCINNATI n t w B e o i e v s h . s e e
              / i o l o n T r e b i L v T r T r
vs. L m Y s p k g o c l u c o i o c o c
              o o o t h l t t e a r a u l t e t e
              s r r o i y o a n n g g i l a n a n
Pitchers t e k n a n n l t d h o s e l t l t
—————————————————————————————————————-
Tannehill W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 1 1 1 .500 1 .500
              L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Dwyer W 1 3 1 0 1 2 8 .400 1 1 3 3 2 10 .588 18 .486
              L 4 1 1 2 2 2 12 0 2 2 0 3 7 19
Parrott W 1 2 1 2 2 2 9 .500 2 2 1 2 2 9 .474 18 .486
              L 3 1 3 0 1 1 9 2 2 2 2 2 10 19
Chamberlain W 0 0 0 0 3 2 5 .500 0 1 1 1 2 5 .455 10 .476
              L 2 1 1 1 0 0 5 3 2 0 1 0 6 11
Cross W 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.000 0 1 1 0 0 2 .333 3 .429
              L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 4 4
Whitrock W 0 0 1 1 0 1 3 .375 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 3 .375
              L 0 2 0 2 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Fournier W 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 .250 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 1 .250
              L 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Fischer W 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 .100 0 0 0 1 0 1 .500 2 .167
              L 1 1 2 2 2 1 9 0 0 1 0 0 1 10
Blank W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
              L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Flynn W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
              L 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1[*]
Pfann W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
              L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

[Footnote *: Grand Total should be 2. [Proofreader]] —————————————————————————————————————-

THE WASHINGTON CLUB'S RECORD.

The Washington club was weakened in the same manner as the Cincinnati club, by experimenting with too many pitchers, they using a round dozen in the box during their campaign in 1894. Of the twelve, but one exceeded the percentage average of .500. Of those who pitched in 20 games and over there were but two, Maul leading with .423, and Mercer following with .410. Of those who pitched in 10 games and under 20, Esper led Stockdale and Petty, by .400 to .357 and .273, respectively. Sullivan was a bad failure, as he only pitched in 2 victories out of 12 games. No less than five of the twelve pitchers failed to pitch in a single victory, not even against the Western teams. Under such circumstances the wonder is that Washington escaped the last ditch. Here is the record:

—————————————————————————————————————-
               EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P G
                        h G r
                        i P C L r a
               B l C i i o a n
            W a N a B l t S n u n d
            o l e d r P e t C t c i P d P
WASHINGTON n t w B e o e v s h . i s e e
            / i o l o T r e b i L n v T r T r
vs. L m Y s p k o c l u c o n i o c o c
            o o o t h l t e a r a u a l t e t e
            s r r o i y a n n g g i t l a n a n
Pitchers t e k n a n l t d h o s i e l t l t
—————————————————————————————————————-
Mullarsky W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 .667 2 .667
            L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
Maul W 1 0 1 1 1 4 .267 1 1 1 0 2 2 7 .636 11 .423
            L 2 3 3 2 1 11 0 1 1 1 1 0 4 15
Mercer W 0 0 2 2 1 5 .294 0 3 1 2 1 4 11 .500 16 .410
            L 4 3 1 0 4 12 4 2 1 1 2 1 11 23
Esper W 0 0 0 1 1 2 .400 0 0 1 2 1 0 4 .400 6 .400
            L 0 0 2 1 0 3 2 2 2 0 0 1 6 9
Stockdale W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 1 0 1 1 1 1 5 .625 5 .357
            L 2 2 0 1 0 5 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 9
Petty W 0 1 0 0 0 1 .125 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 .667 3 .273
            L 3 1 1 0 2 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 8
Sullivan W 0 1 0 0 0 1 .167 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 .167 2 .167
            L 0 1 1 2 1 5 0 1 2 0 1 1 5 10
Wynne W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Anderson W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2
Stephens W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Boyd W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 3 3
Haddock W 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 4 4
—————————————————————————————————————-

THE LOUISVILLE CLUB'S RECORD.

The Louisville club had nine pitchers in position during 1894, of which but four pitched in 20 games and over, and but one in 10 games and less than 20, Knell pitching in less than 20 games, with the percentage of .241, and Stratton in less than 10, with .143, the latter doing far better afterwards in the Chicago team. Hemming's .355 was the best record, Menafee being second with .348, both pitching in over twenty games.

Hemming's percentage in the Louisville team was but .355, which, compared with his record of 1.000 in the Baltimore team, made his total percentage .615, showing quite a difference between his support in the Louisvilles and that in the Baltimores.

Hemming, Menafee and Inks were the most successful against the strong teams of the Eastern division. Whitrock, Sullivan and Kilroy were unsuccessful opponents. Here is the record:

—————————————————————————————————————
               EASTERN CLUBS WESTERN CLUBS.
                        P G
                        h G r
                        i W P C r a
               B l a C i i a n
            W a N a B s l t S n n d
            o l e d r h P e t C t c P d P
LOUISVILLE n t w B e o i e v s h . i e e
            / i o l o n T r e b i L n T r T r
vs. L m Y s p k g o c l u c o n o c o c
            o o o t h l t t e a r a u a t e t e
            s r r o i y o a n n g g i t a n a n
Pitchers t e k n a n n l t d h o s i l t l t
—————————————————————————————————————
Hemming W 2 0 0 1 1 0 4 .250 0 2 2 3 0 7 .429 11 .355
            L 2 4 1 2 1 2 12 3 1 2 0 2 8 20
Menafee W 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 .286 3 1 0 1 1 6 .375 8 .348
            L 1 1 1 1 1 0 5 1 4 1 2 2 10 15
Inks W 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 .250 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 2 .250
            L 1 1 1 0 2 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Knell W 0 0 0 2 0 2 4 .190 0 0 0 1 2 3 .375 7 .241
            L 3 4 4 1 3 2 17 1 1 2 1 0 5 22
Wadsworth W 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 .200 0 0 0 1 0 1 .167 4 .190
            L 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 1 1 1 1 1 5 17
Stratton W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 1 0 0 1 .167 1 .143
            L 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 4 6
Whitrock W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
Sullivan W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Kilroy W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 .000
            L 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 4 5
—————————————————————————————————————

No pitching records under the scoring rules of 1894 admitted of any data being made up from which a true criterion of the skill of the pitchers could be arrived at; nor can there be until the rules give the figures of "innings pitched in" and base hits made off each inning each pitcher pitched in. There is scarcely a game in which two pitchers do not enter the box to pitch, at least in one or two innings; but the scoring rules do not give the figures of innings pitched in, or how many base hits were made off each pitcher, and the result is that the total base hits scored in the game cannot be divided up between the pitchers correctly. A pitcher goes into the box at the outset of the game, and in one or two innings he is badly punished. Then a substitute follows him, and in the succeeding innings not a third of the base hits made off the first pitcher are recorded against the substitute, and yet not a record to show this is to be had off the data the scoring rules admit of. Here is the pitching score which should be used in the summary of each game:

PITCHING SCORE.
————————————————————————————-
CARTER. BRADLEY. ALTMAN.
Innings pitched in by 9 6 2
Base hits off 9 5 7
Runs earned off 3 2 3
Bases on balls by 4 2 1
Wild pitches by 0 1 1
Hit batsmen by 0 1 1
Struck out by 8 3 0
————————————————————————————-

Not an official record, giving the data of work done in the box by the League pitchers, furnishes any correct figures by which to judge the good or bad work done in the box each season. We give below a series of records which give a somewhat better idea of each pitcher's box work than the official averages can give under the pitching rules in vogue up to 1895. The first table gives a full, but not complete, record of the League pitching of 1894 by those pitchers whose percentage of victories pitched in are not less than .500. Those whose record was under .500 and not less than .400 included the following: Inks, .478; Stratton, .476; German, .471; Maul, .470; Hutchinson, .467; Parrott, .459; Ehret, .436; Daub, .423; Mercer, .421; Hawley, .413, and Westervelt, .412. Of those whose percentages were under .400 and not less than .300 were the following: Stockdale, .375; Menafee, .351; Sullivan, .348; J. Clarkson, .308. These were followed by McGill, .291; Terry, 278; Knell, .200, and Wadsworth, .190. The official pitching averages, from which these figures are taken, give no record of the pitchers who pitched in less than 15 games during 1894, and those who pitched in 10 games and less than 15 included pitchers having better percentages than some of those recorded above.

Here is a record taken from the figures of the official tables, which presents data from which a pretty fair estimate of a pitcher's ability can be arrived at; though it is, of course, not a really correct criterion of his box work, as it does not contain the record of the runs earned off his pitching solely by base hits, which cannot be obtained under the existing scoring rules:

——————————————————————————————————- P B e a r s c e e G n h a t i m t B S e o s a a s f s c S o e r t R P V P f s S i o u i i i f t f l n t c t o r i e s c t c P n u c n F A B A h o h i c e S i v a v e r e t B k B c e e t e d i d c a H a o l r t r e h l O i s r d a i a i s I i l u t e e i g n g n n n s t s s d n e g e PITCHERS. CLUBS. . . g . . . . . g . . ——————————————————————————————————- Meekin New York 47 .790 253 147 127 1 4 26 .798 .281 McMahon Baltimore 34 .735 269 109 55 8 1 17 .869 .286 Rusie New York 49 .734 253 189 204 2 4 20 .867 .275 Taylor Philadelphia 33 .719 381 85 79 0 3 21 .796 .331 Nichols Boston 45 .711 291 108 98 2 1 40 .856 .282 Stivetts Boston 39 .692 306 100 73 3 4 56 .813 .336 Hawke Baltimore 23 .652 311 58 50 5 2 12 .887 .301 Stein Brooklyn 42 .619 280 162 72 4 3 31 .785 .260 Gumbert Pittsburgh 31 .600 320 73 60 1 1 18 .909 .303 Gleason Baltimore 29 .586 312 59 39 4 1 24 .841 .342 Killen Pittsburgh 24 .583 303 83 57 1 1 14 .909 .256 Cuppy Cleveland 37 .583 298 119 63 1 4 28 .916 .253 Carsey Philadelphia 31 .580 314 95 40 1 3 31 .831 .277 Breitenstein St. Louis 49 .551 280 162 138 9 3 27 .902 .229 Weyhing Philadelphia 33 .545 324 101 79 7 1 9 .845 .168 Kennedy Brooklyn 42 .545 302 134 101 0 5 22 .771 .300 Colcolough Pittsburgh 15 .533 354 59 19 1 1 19 .844 .214 Young Cleveland 47 .532 293 100 100 0 4 24 .902 .213 Chamberlain Cincinnati 19 .526 309 78 57 3 1 10 .729 .304 Staley Boston 25 .520 344 55 29 2 0 12 .744 .238 Esper Baltimore 26 .500 339 59 36 0 0 16 .929 .239 Dwyer Cincinnati 39 .500 317 97 49 0 0 32 .902 .269 Hemming Baltimore 40 .500 295 140 75 0 2 23 .893 .256 ——————————————————————————————————-

Here are the records, showing the batting and fielding averages of the nine pitchers who excelled in each record:

——————————————————————————————————- F A B A i v a v G e e G t e a l r a t r m d a m i a e i g e n g s n e s g e PITCHERS CLUBS . g . PITCHERS CLUBS . . ——————————————————————————————————- 1. Stratton Chicago 21 .931 1. Stratton Chicago 33 .350 2. Esper Baltimore 26 .929 2. Nicol Louisville 28 .348 3. Cuppy Cleveland 37 .916 3. Mullane Cleveland 18 .343 4. Gumbert Pittsburgh 31 .909 4. Gleason Baltimore 31 .341 5. Killen Pittsburgh 24 .909 5. Inks Baltimore 24 .337 6. Menafee Pittsburgh 37 .904 6. Stivetts Boston 57 .336 7. Dwyer Cincinnati 39 .902 7. Taylor Philadelphia 34 .331 8. Young Cleveland 47 .902 8. Parrott Cincinnati 59 .329 9. Breitenstein St. Louis 49 .902 9. Terry Chicago 25 .325 ——————————————————————————————————-

According to the above figures Stratton was the best fielding pitcher, and Breitenstein the poorest; Stratton also excelling in base hit averages, while in that record Terry was the tail-ender. The nine pitchers who excelled in total stolen bases were as follows:

——————————————————————————————————- PITCHERS. CLUBS. Games. Stolen Bases. ——————————————————————————————————- 1. Parrott Cincinnati 59 5 2. Stivetts Boston 57 4 3. Terry Chicago 25 3 4. Stratton Chicago 33 3 5. Taylor Philadelphia 34 3 6. Mullane Cleveland 18 2 7. Nicol Louisville 28 2 8. Inks Baltimore 24 1 9. Gleason Baltimore 31 1 ——————————————————————————————————-

In the foregoing two tables pitchers are included who did not reach a percentage of victories pitched in of .500; the list of these including Inks, Stratton, German, Hutchinson, Mullane, Parrott, Maul, Ehret, Daub, Mercer, Hawley and Westervelt, whose percentage figures were less than .500 and not lower than .400. Of those whose percentage figures did not reach .400 and were not lower than .300, were Stockdale, Menafee, Sullivan and A. Clarkson; while those who were less than .300 and not lower than .200, were McGill, Terry and Knell; Wadsworth being the tail-ender in percentage figures with .190.

The above tables present quite an interesting pitching problem, the puzzle being to find out which of the above pitchers did the best work in the box in every respect, not only in pitching, but by his batting, fielding and base running. In percentage of victories pitched in, Meekin took the lead. In the number of batsmen struck out, Rusie excelled. In fewest bases on balls, Staley had the lowest figures. In base hit averages, Stivetts led; while in total sacrifice hits, Breitenstein bore off the palm. In total runs scored, Stivetts had the largest total. In stolen bases, Kennedy was the most successful, and yet he only stole 5 in 42 games.

Now the problem is, Which pitcher did the best average work in his position? and we leave that for our readers to solve.

It is alleged that the reason pitchers do so little in stealing bases is that they are too fatigued in their pitching in each inning to do much in the active work of base running, both duties trying a player's nerves considerably. For this reason it would be a good plan, in the order of batting, to have a sure hitter follow each pitcher, so as to help bat him round.

We are glad to record the fact that scientific pitching is advancing in the League arena. Its progress, hitherto, has been slow and only step by step, but it is making headway, and during 1894 the science of strategic pitching made greater progress than ever before. The effective blow given to "cyclone" pitching by the new pitching rules, which went into effect in 1893, while it did not materially affect the strategic class of pitchers—some of whom the new rules actually benefited—obliged the class of pitchers who depend solely upon their dangerous speed for success, to adopt strategic tactics to a more or less extent; and this is why a few of the old "cyclone" pitchers—as they are called—succeeded better than they anticipated under the change made in the rules in 1893, which had placed them farther from the batsman than in 1892.

It may be said, in connection with the pitching of 1894, that one thing noticeable in the "box" work of that season was that the brainy class of men in the position began to pay more attention to the advice of the theorists of the game than before; and thereby they learned to realize the fact that strategic skill, and that equally important attribute, thorough control of temper, together with the avoidance of the senseless kicking habit in vogue, had more to do with success in their position than they had previously been aware. Those of the pitching fraternity who read up on the subject of skill in pitching, were told that the primary elements of strategic work in the "box" included: "First, to deceive the eye of the batsman in regard to the character of the delivery of the ball, as to its being fast or slow. Second, to deceive his judgment in reference to the direction of the ball when pitched to him, as to its being high or low, or where he wants it. Third, to watch the batsman closely so as to know just when he is temporarily 'out of form' for making a good hit; and Fourth, to tempt him with a ball which will be likely to go high from his bat to the outfield and be caught."

Then again they were told that "another very effective point in strategic pitching, is a thoroughly disguised change of pace in delivery. This is difficult of attainment, and as a general rule it can only be played with effect on the careless class of batsmen. Let it be borne in mind that the pitcher who cannot control his temper is as unfit for his position as is a quick-tempered billiard player to excel as a winner in professional contests. Quick temper is the mortal foe of cool judgment, and it plays the mischief with that nervy condition so necessary in the development of skilful strategy. The pitcher must of necessity be subject to annoyances well calculated to try a man's temper, especially when his best efforts in pitching are rendered useless by the blunders of incompetent fielders, but under such trying circumstances his triumph is all the greater if he can pluck victory out of the fire of such opposition, by the thorough control of his temper." This is something only a minority of League pitchers did in 1894.

SUMMARY RECORD.

The leading pitcher of each of the twelve clubs against the six clubs of each section, in percentage of victories pitched in, by those who occupied the box in 10 games and over, is given in the following table:

——————————————————————————————————- BALTIMORE. AGAINST THE EASTERN CLUBS. AGAINST THE WESTERN CLUBS Percent. of Percent. of Pitchers. Victories. Pitchers. Victories ——————————————————————————————————-

LOUISVILLE. Hemming .250 Hemming .429 ——————————————————————————————————-

It will be seen that Rusie leads all the pitchers against the Western teams and Meekin all against the Eastern teams, Rusie having the highest individual percentage of victories against a single section.

There can be no really reliable criterion of a pitcher's skill, as judged by the data of his averages, until the figures of runs earned off the pitching solely by base hits, and not by base hits and stolen bases, and the errors they lead to combined, as is the case under the defective scoring rules in existence in 1894. To call a run scored by a combination of base hits and stolen bases is unjust to the pitcher, while judging his pitching by the percentage of victories pitched is only less faulty; but the latter is the better criterion of skill than that of earned runs, as calculated on the basis of the rules of 1894.

THE OFFICIAL AVERAGES FOR 1894.

The official averages for 1894, as prepared by Secretary Young, of the National League, from data furnished him under the regulation scoring rules of each year, have always been more or less defective as far as affording a reliable criterion of play in each department of the game was concerned, and necessarily so, owing to the faulty scoring rules in existence up to 1895. The batting averages are more than useless, as they fail to show the only reliable criterion of play there is, and that is, the percentage of runners forwarded around the bases by base hits. The pitching averages are similarly useless, as they fail to give the correct data for judging the percentage of runs earned off the pitching on the basis of runs scored by base hits, and by nothing else; the figures of earned runs, under the present defective rules, including runs earned by a combination of base hits and stolen bases, together with such fielding errors as base stealing leads to, a class of errors aside from regular fielding errors. Glancing at the record of the so-called leading batsmen since 1888, we find that the data on which the averages are made out grew more defective each year up to 1893, when they were improved a little. Below will be found the several headings of the season's averages, together with the name of the so-called leading batsman of each year, during the past seven years, beginning with 1888 and ending with 1894.

SEASON OF 1888.
———————————————
Rank. 1
NAME. Anson
CLUB. Chicago
Games Played. 134
Times at Bat. 515
Runs Scored. 101
Ave. Per Game. 0.75
First Base Hits. 177
Percentage. .343
Total Bases. 52
Ave. Per Game. 1.88
Bases Stolen. 28
Ave. Per Game. 0.20
———————————————

SEASON OF 1889.
———————————————
Rank. 1
NAME. Brouthers
CLUB. Boston
Games. 126
Per cent. of
Base Hits. .373
Stolen Bases. 22
Sacrifice Hits. 31
No. of Runs. 105
———————————————

SEASON OF 1890. ——————————————— Rank. 1 NAME. Glasscock CLUB. New York Position. S. S. Games. 124 P. c. base hits to times at bat. .336 ———————————————

SEASON OF 1891.
———————————————
Rank. 1
NAME. Hamilton
CLUB. Philadelphia
Games Played. 133
Runs Scored. 42
Per cent. .338
———————————————

SEASON OF 1892.
———————————————
Rank. 1
NAME. Childs
CLUB. Cleveland
Games Played. 144
Times at Bat. 552
Runs Scored. 135
Base Hits. 185
Per cent. .335
Total Bases. 233
Sacrifice Hits. 14
Stolen Bases. 31
———————————————

SEASON OF 1893.
———————————————
Rank. 1
NAME. Stenzel
CLUB. Pittsburgh
Games Played. 51
Times at Bat. 198
Runs Scored. 56
Base Hits. 81
Per cent. .409
Total Bases. 113
Sacrifice Hits. 12
Stolen Bases. 13
———————————————

SEASON OF 1894.
———————————————
Rank. 1
NAME. Duffy
CLUB. Boston
Games Played. 124
Times at Bat. 539
Runs Scored. 160
Base Hits. 236
Per cent. .438
Total Bases. 372
Sacrifice Hits. 10
Stolen Bases. 49
———————————————

Every record of the above tables is made up to encourage the mere record batsman, the team-worker at the bat having no show given him whatever, as there is not a figure in the averages—with the probable exception of the "sacrifice hit" column—to show his percentage of runners forwarded by his base hits, this being the sole criterion of effective batting. What is wanted is a record made up in this form:

BATSMAN.
CLUB.
Games.
Per cent. per Game Runners
  Forwarded by Base Hits.
Per cent. of Base Hits to
  Times at Bat.
Per cent. of Sacrifice Hits per
  Game.
Per cent. of Runs per Game.
Per cent. of Bases Taken on
  Balls.
Per cent. of Outs on Strikes.
Per cent. of Chances Given
  for Catches.

The above record shows how the batsman excelled in forwarding runners by his hits, together with his percentage of base hits, sacrifice hits, runs scored, percentage of times he gave chances for outs on catches—a record which shows the batsman's weakness in batting—percentage of outs on strikes, and of the times he took his base on balls. The figures showing total bases is only of more advantage to record batsmen than to team-workers at the bat, and if left out would cause the "fungo" hitting class of batsmen to strive to do more teamwork at the bat than they do now. Another column might be added showing the percentage of runners forwarded by extra base hits.

As regards the pitching averages they are equally unreliable in affording a criterion of excellence of play in the box. How is it possible to tell how effective a pitcher is by the figures of earned runs as recorded under the scoring rules in vogue up to 1895? A batsman, for instance, gets to first base by a fly ball which dropped between two fielders running to catch the ball, a so-called base hit is scored—the hit really giving an easy chance for a catch. This is followed by two steals, sending the runner to third, and a single base hit sends him home, and by the combined play an earned run off the pitching is unjustly earned. Another instance of this kind is shown when the first batsman is given a life by a dropped fly ball; the second is given another life by a muffed ball from an infield hit, and the third man at the bat is given a life by a wild throw to first base; after which three batsmen make safe hits, and before the side is put out, three runs are scored as earned, though the side should have been put out had the pitcher's field support been up to even ordinary mark, the fact being that not a single run was really earned off the pitching, yet three earned runs are scored against the pitcher under the scoring rules "up to date." Other instances of the uselessness of the existing method of making out the League averages could be readily cited, but these amply suffice, we think.

One thing against improvement in the scoring rules is: first, the fact that the magnates have the power to revise the amendments made by the Committee on Rules. Another is the failure, as a rule, to appoint that committee so as to secure an efficient working committee. But even when this is done their good work is knocked in the head by the majority vote of the magnates at the spring meeting. The vote should be made unanimous in changing any rule favorably reported by the Committee.

Here are the complete official averages for 1894, as prepared by Secretary Young, after revision of averages published last fall:

OF PLAYERS WHO HAVE TAKEN PART IN FIFTEEN OR MORE CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES—SEASON OF 1894.

——————————————————————————————————-
                                                        P
                                                        e
                                           A r
                                       G t B
                                       a R a c
                                       m B u s e T S S
                                       e a n e n . . .
                                       s t s s t B H B
NAME. CLUB. . . . . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————-
Duffy Boston 124 539 160 236 .438 372 10 49
Turner Philadelphia 77 347 94 147 .423 187 8 12
Thompson Philadelphia 102 458 115 185 .403 314 8 29
Delehanty Philadelphia 114 497 149 199 .400 283 5 29
Hamilton Philadelphia 131 559 196 223 .398 289 7 99
Anson Chicago 83 347 87 137 .394 188 7 17
Kelley Baltimore 129 509 167 199 .391 304 19 45
Cross Philadelphia 120 543 128 211 .388 290 16 28
Tenny Boston 24 80 21 31 .387 43 2 7
Holliday Cincinnati 122 519 125 199 .383 297 4 39
Brodie Baltimore 129 574 132 212 .369 269 24 50
Doyle New York 105 425 94 157 .369 216 4 48
Keeler Baltimore 128 593 164 218 .367 305 16 30
Griffin Brooklyn 106 405 123 148 .365 209 5 48
Childs Cleveland 117 476 144 174 .365 227 4 20
Grady Philadelphia 50 187 45 68 .363 100 2 3
Dahlen Chicago 121 508 150 184 .362 289 10 49
Ryan Chicago 108 481 133 173 .359 233 8 12
Burns Brooklyn 126 513 107 184 .358 261 9 29
Burkett Cleveland 124 518 134 185 .357 267 10 32
McKean Cleveland 130 561 115 199 .354 281 11 32
Smith Pittsburgh 125 497 129 175 .352 267 10 37
Stenzel Pittsburgh 131 523 148 184 .351 303 5 60
Earle Brooklyn and Louisville 33 114 23 40 .350 47 4 5
Stratton Chicago and Louisville 33 134 39 47 .350 77 0 8
McCarthy Boston 126 536 118 187 .349 266 9 40
Nicol Louisville 28 112 12 39 .348 53 1 2
Robinson Baltimore 106 420 71 146 .348 182 11 13
Davis New York 124 492 124 170 .345 267 9 37
——————————————————————————————————-
                                                        P
                                                        e
                                           A r
                                       G t B
                                       a R a c
                                       m B u s e T S S
                                       e a n e n . . .
                                       s t s s t B H B
NAME. CLUB. . . . . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————-
Brouthers Baltimore 123 528 137 182 .344 287 18 40
Joyce Washington 98 357 103 124 .344 230 5 23
Beckley Pittsburgh 132 534 122 184 .344 284 22 20
Clements Philadelphia 47 172 26 59 .343 85 3 04
Mullane Baltimore and Cleveland 18 67 3 23 .343 27 1 2
Gleason Baltimore and St. Louis 31 111 24 38 .342 55 4 1
Miller St. Louis 125 480 93 164 .341 223 8 20
Lowe Boston 133 615 585 210 .341 323 9 25
McGraw Baltimore 123 515 115 175 .340 221 14 77
Daly Brooklyn 123 494 135 167 .338 237 4 53
Inks Baltimore and Louisville 24 89 12 27 .337 30 1 1
Sullivan Washington & Philadelphia 93 374 72 126 .337 166 7 15
Connaughton Boston 38 166 38 56 .337 76 1 2
Bannon Boston 127 496 130 167 .336 257 6 42
Stivetts Boston 57 244 56 82 .336 133 3 4
Treadway Brooklyn 122 482 124 162 .336 254 12 29
Sugden Pittsburgh 39 141 24 47 .333 70 6 3
VanHaltren New York 139 531 110 177 .333 231 13 44
Jennings Baltimore 128 505 136 168 .332 246 18 36
Taylor Philadelphia 34 145 21 48 .331 63 0 3
Wilmot Chicago 135 606 137 201 .331 294 14 76
LaChance Brooklyn 65 258 47 85 .329 129 3 25
Wilson New York 45 179 37 59 .329 77 2 9
Parrott Cincinnati 59 228 50 75 .329 126 1 5
Tucker Boston 122 503 112 165 .328 212 2 19
Hallman Philadelphia 119 519 111 170 .327 207 22 27
Hassamer Washington 116 493 106 161 .326 243 10 15
Lange Chicago 112 447 87 145 .324 119 4 71
Long Boston 103 475 136 154 .324 240 8 25
Terry Chicago 25 96 19 31 .323 39 0 3
Hutchinson Chicago 34 133 28 43 .323 64 2 1
McPhee Cincinnati 128 481 113 154 .320 230 6 31
Shock Brooklyn 63 237 46 76 .320 94 8 18
O'Connor Cleveland 80 324 67 105 .320 146 4 13
Abbey Washington 129 521 95 166 .318 243 13 30
Kittredge Chicago 50 167 36 53 .317 65 5 2
Twineham St. Louis 31 127 22 40 .314 50 1 2
Connor New York and St. Louis 121 462 93 145 .313 253 6 15
Latham Cincinnati 130 532 132 167 .313 233 11 62
Hoy Cincinnati 128 506 118 158 .312 241 11 30
Hartman Pittsburgh 49 186 41 58 .311 82 8 12
Lyons Pittsburgh 72 254 51 79 .311 113 11 17
Foutz Brooklyn 73 296 41 92 .310 126 8 16
Decker Chicago 89 391 76 121 .309 177 2 22
Vaughn Cincinnati 67 275 48 85 .309 145 2 6
Selbach Washington 96 372 70 115 .309 188 3 23
Stockdale Washington 19 75 9 23 .306 25 1 2
Donovan Pittsburgh 133 575 146 176 .306 230 26 51
Reitz Baltimore 109 450 86 138 .306 226 7 18
Ely St. Louis 127 508 85 155 .305 237 13 23
O. Tebeau Cleveland 119 501 79 153 .305 200 9 27
McGuire Washington 102 427 67 130 .304 176 4 11
——————————————————————————————————-
                                                        P
                                                        e
                                           A r
                                       G t B
                                       a R a c
                                       m B u s e T S S
                                       e a n e n . . .
                                       s t s s t B H B
NAME. CLUB. . . . . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————-
Chamberlain Cincinnati 20 69 10 21 .304 36 3 1
Ward Washington 89 343 85 104 .303 130 5 36
Gumbert Pittsburgh 33 112 18 34 .303 52 1 1
Corcoran Brooklyn 129 573 124 173 .302 251 10 33
Irwin Chicago 130 503 85 152 .302 220 4 34
Bierbauer Pittsburgh 131 527 88 159 .301 217 20 20
Anderson Brooklyn 16 63 13 19 .301 29 1 7
Bonner Baltimore 27 113 26 34 .301 46 2 11
Hawke Baltimore 25 93 12 28 .301 37 5 2
German New York 19 60 8 18 .300 19 2 1
Merritt Boston and Cincinnati 66 243 38 73 .300 100 1 5
Shindle Brooklyn 117 476 96 143 .300 201 17 18
Kennedy Brooklyn 42 160 22 48 .300 61 6 5
Burke New York 138 575 124 172 .299 225 10 47
Cooley St. Louis 52 207 35 62 .299 71 6 8
Kinslow Brooklyn 61 221 38 66 .298 91 2 6
McAleer Cleveland 64 251 36 75 .298 99 5 17
Pfeffer Louisville 104 420 66 125 .297 182 15 33
Flaherty Louisville 38 149 15 44 .295 55 1 2
Dungan Louisville and Chicago 18 71 11 20 .295 23 1 3
Mercer Washington 43 163 29 48 .294 61 1 10
Nash Boston 132 510 132 150 .294 212 3 19
Canavan Cincinnati 100 362 81 106 .293 201 5 15
Lake Louisville 16 41 8 12 .292 18 0 2
Cartwright Washington 132 509 86 149 .292 238 3 35
Boyle Philadelphia 116 512 103 150 .291 203 18 22
Grimm Louisville 107 413 65 120 .290 182 8 14
Smith Louisville 39 135 27 39 .288 56 1 13
Blake Cleveland 73 300 51 86 .286 113 10 1
McMahon Baltimore 34 129 17 37 .286 46 8 1
Shugart Pittsburgh 133 533 103 152 .285 236 13 23
Knell Louisville 31 119 10 34 .285 47 1 2
Zimmer Cleveland 88 340 55 97 .285 141 2 15
Fuller New York 95 378 82 107 .283 138 0 34
Glasscock Pittsburgh 86 332 47 94 .283 123 13 20
Nichols Boston 45 170 40 48 .282 64 2 1
Tiernan New York 112 429 87 121 .282 184 6 26
Farrell New York 112 404 50 114 .282 175 3 10
Meekin New York 48 174 26 49 .281 80 1 4
Ganzel Boston 65 266 52 74 .278 98 4 1
Carsey Philadelphia 32 126 31 35 .277 40 1 3
Rusie New York 49 185 20 51 .275 74 2 4
Shiebeck Pittsburgh & Washington 75 294 69 81 .275 102 1 19
Clark Louisville 76 316 55 87 .275 132 1 24
Peitz St. Louis 100 364 62 100 .274 159 7 17
Quinn St. Louis 106 411 58 113 .274 142 13 26
Denny Louisville 60 222 26 61 .274 87 6 10
Hawley St. Louis 48 161 16 44 .273 68 5 1
Reilly Philadelphia 36 132 21 37 .272 42 1 6
O'Rourke Louisville & St. Louis 80 316 60 86 .272 106 6 11
McGarr Cleveland 127 522 94 142 .272 185 5 34
Murphy New York 73 284 65 77 .271 89 2 25
——————————————————————————————————-
                                                        P
                                                        e
                                            A r
                                        G t B
                                        a R a c
                                        m B u s e T S S
                                        e a n e n . . .
                                        s t s s t B H B
NAME. CLUB. . . . . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————-
Ryan Boston 49 203 39 55 .271 87 1 4
Virtue Cleveland 23 85 15 23 .270 80 2 1
Clarke Baltimore 27 100 18 27 .270 40 3 1
Dwyer Cincinnati 49 171 32 46 .269 72 0 0
Schriver Chicago 94 356 56 96 .269 123 5 9
Dailey Brooklyn 65 230 39 62 .269 89 6 4
Murphy Cincinnati 76 265 42 71 .268 89 6 5
Dowd St. Louis 123 524 92 141 .267 185 9 34
McCarthy Cincinnati 40 168 29 45 .267 60 4 3
Smith Cincinnati 128 492 73 131 .266 207 3 12
G. Tebeau Washington and Cleveland 105 398 77 106 .266 147 11 34
Twitchell Louisville 51 211 28 56 .265 86 9 9
Comiskey Cincinnati 59 230 26 61 .265 73 4 9
Hogan St. Louis 29 103 11 27 .262 37 3 7
Ward New York 136 552 99 145 .262 168 20 41
Stein Brooklyn 41 142 31 37 .260 59 4 3
Mack Pittsburgh 63 229 32 59 .257 70 14 9
Killen Pittsburgh 24 82 14 21 .256 26 1 1
Hemming Louisville and Baltimore 38 152 23 39 .256 67 0 2
Richardson Louisville 116 427 50 109 .255 134 4 11
Ewing Cleveland 53 212 32 54 .255 82 2 19
Allen Philadelphia 40 154 27 39 .253 60 3 5
Cuppy Cleveland 41 134 28 34 .253 47 1 4
Buckley St. Louis & Philadelphia 67 251 24 64 .251 87 18 0
Brown Louisville 130 542 123 136 .251 213 14 74
Weaver Louisville & Pittsburgh 90 355 35 89 .250 119 12 9
Frank St. Louis 80 321 53 89 .246 130 12 12
Parrott Chicago 126 532 83 130 .244 175 9 34
Griffith Chicago 41 139 29 34 .244 44 0 6
Wadsworth Louisville 23 74 9 18 .243 25 1 0
Esper Washington and Baltimore 25 96 16 23 .239 35 0 0
Staley Boston 25 88 12 21 .238 31 2 0
Wittrock Cincinnati 18 64 8 15 .234 17 0 0
Gilbert Brooklyn and Louisville 34 133 14 31 .233 39 1 3
Maul Washington 35 120 23 28 .233 42 1 1
Radford Washington 93 330 61 77 .233 101 6 26
Breitenstein St. Louis 53 179 27 41 .229 53 9 3
McGill Chicago 23 83 11 19 .229 24 1 1
Sullivan Washington and Cleveland 26 101 10 23 .228 33 0 0
Daub Brooklyn 28 97 13 22 .226 26 4 1
Dugdale Washington 33 129 15 28 .217 38 0 6
Colcolough Pittsburgh 19 70 10 15 .214 21 1 1
Young Cleveland 48 183 24 40 .213 61 0 4
Motz Cincinnati 18 68 8 14 .205 19 0 1
Clarkson Cleveland 16 54 7 11 .204 14 4 0
Menafee Louisville & Pittsburgh 37 125 12 25 .200 31 10 4
Lutenburg Louisville 70 255 44 49 .192 66 3 10
Clarkson St. Louis 26 85 11 16 .188 16 0 1
Ehret Pittsburgh 41 133 6 23 .172 30 10 0
Weyhing Philadelphia 33 119 9 20 .168 26 7 1
Westervelt New York 18 59 9 9 .152 11 2 1
——————————————————————————————————-

[Illustration: Cincinnati Base Ball Club, '94.]
[Illustration: St. Louis Base Ball Club, '94.]
[Illustration: Washington Base Ball Club, '94.]
[Illustration: The League's Leading Players, 1894.]

FIRST BASEMEN.
——————————————————————————————————-
                                                 P
                                                 u A C P
                                                 t s E h e
                                             G s r T a r
                                             a O i r o n c
                                             m u s o t c e
                                             e t t r a e n
                                             s s s s l s t
RANK. NAME. CLUB. . . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————-
  1 Motz Cincinnati 18 185 18 1 204 .995
  2 Anson Chicago 83 748 45 9 802 .988
  3 Tucker Boston 122 1114 70 19 1203 .984
  4 O. Tebeau Cleveland 107 1025 47 18 1090 .983
  5 Boyle Philadelphia 116 983 64 20 1067 .981
  6 Vaughn Cincinnati 19 186 11 4 201 .980
      Cartright Washington 132 1227 72 36 1335 .980
  7 Foutz Brooklyn 73 659 36 15 710 .979
  8 Beckley Pittsburgh 132 1236 82 31 1349 .977
      La Chance Brooklyn 56 503 13 12 528 .977
  9 Connor New York and St. Louis 120 1084 81 28 1193 .976
      Decker Chicago 48 433 16 11 460 .976
10 Lutenburg Louisville 68 595 34 16 645 .975
      Brouthers Baltimore 123 1180 65 31 1276 .975
11 Comiskey Cincinnati 59 558 26 16 600 .973
      O'Rourke Louisville, Wash., St. L. 30 270 22 8 300 .973
12 Doyle New York 99 987 60 33 1080 .969
      McCarthy Cincinnati 15 146 13 5 164 .969
13 G. Tebeau Washington, Cleveland 16 161 2 9 172 .948
——————————————————————————————————-

SECOND BASEMEN.
——————————————————————————————————-
                                                 P
                                                 u A C P
                                                 t s E h e
                                             G s r T a r
                                             a O i r o n c
                                             m u s o t c e
                                             e t t r a e n
                                             s s s s l s t
RANK. NAME. CLUB. . . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————-
  1 Reitz Baltimore 100 252 344 21 627 .966
  2 Quinn St. Louis 106 344 342 33 719 .954
  3 McPhee Cincinnati 128 391 449 53 893 .940
  4 Pfeffer Louisville 89 264 283 35 582 .939
  5 Bierbauer Pittsburgh 131 308 462 52 822 .936
  6 Hallman Philadelphia 119 314 342 47 703 .933
  7 Lowe Boston 132 354 411 57 822 .930
  8 Parrott Chicago 125 291 384 52 727 .928
  9 Childs Cleveland 117 308 380 56 744 .924
10 Ward New York 136 332 455 67 854 .921
11 Grimm Louisville 24 59 75 12 146 .918
12 Ward Washington 79 175 237 40 452 .911
13 Bonner Baltimore 24 57 54 10 121 .909
14 Daly Brooklyn 128 320 358 74 752 .901
15 Radford Washington 21 62 60 14 136 .897
16 Miller St. Louis 18 31 49 11 91 .879
——————————————————————————————————-

THIRD BASEMEN.
——————————————————————————————————-
                                                 P
                                                 u A C P
                                                 t s E h e
                                             G s r T a r
                                             a O i r o n c
                                             m u s o t c e
                                             e t t r a e n
                                             s s s s l s t
RANK. NAME. CLUB. . . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————-
  1 Nash Boston 132 199 271 34 504 .932
  2 McGarr Cleveland 127 171 246 35 452 .922
  3 Cross Philadelphia 100 177 240 40 457 .91*
  4 Davis New York 124 154 251 40 445 .916
  5 Dahlen Chicago 55 95 127 23 245 .906
  6 Lyons Pittsburgh 72 120 158 30 308 .902
  7 Peitz St. Louis 43 61 69 15 145 .896
  8 McGarr Baltimore 117 130 246 44 420 .895
  9 Shindle Brooklyn 117 190 232 50 472 .894
10 Reilly Philadelphia 27 35 55 12 102 .882
11 Flaherty Louisville 38 43 75 16 134 .880
12 Hartman Pittsburgh 49 65 96 23 184 .875
13 Hassamer Washington 30 64 79 21 164 .872
14 Latham Cincinnati 129 163 256 64 483 .867
15 Denny Louisville 60 84 124 32 240 .866
16 Joyce Washington 98 151 184 52 387 .865
17 Miller St. Louis 52 71 97 33 201 .835
18 Irwin Chicago 68 90 125 43 258 .833
19 Gilbert Brooklyn and Louisville 31 56 61 24 141 .829
20 O'Rourke Louisville, Wash., St.L. 21 30 39 15 84 .821
——————————————————————————————————-

SHORT STOPS.
——————————————————————————————————-
                                                 P
                                                 u A C P
                                                 t s E h e
                                             G s r T a r
                                             a O i r o n c
                                             m u s o t c e
                                             e t t r a e n
                                             s s s s l s t
RANK. NAME. CLUB. . . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————-
  1 Glasscock Pittsburgh 86 195 300 35 530 .934
  2 Jennings Baltimore 128 307 497 62 866 .928
  3 Richardson Louisville 107 236 363 50 649 .923
  4 Smith Cincinnati 128 234 523 72 829 .913
  4 Corcoran Brooklyn 129 282 446 69 797 .913
  5 McKean Cleveland 130 278 401 66 745 .911
  6 Allen Philadelphia 40 93 130 23 246 .907
  7 Connaughton Boston 32 60 105 18 183 .901
  8 Ely St. Louis 127 279 444 82 805 .898
  9 Dahlen Chicago 66 191 257 52 500 .896
10 Long Boston 99 223 371 71 665 .893
11 Sullivan Washington and Phila. 83 199 232 52 483 .892
11 Irwin Chicago 62 122 219 41 382 .892
12 Murphy New York 48 112 148 34 294 .884
13 Shiebeck Pittsburgh and Wash. 62 130 230 48 408 .882
14 Fuller New York 91 211 309 71 591 .879
15 Pfeffer Louisville 15 30 63 13 106 .877
16 Radford Washington 47 127 184 53 364 .851
17 Selbach Washington 18 52 52 23 127 .818
——————————————————————————————————-

OUTFIELDERS
——————————————————————————————————-
                                                 P
                                                 u A C P
                                                 t s E h e
                                             G s r T a r
                                             a O i r o n c
                                             m u s o t c e
                                             e t t r a e n
                                             s s s s l s t
RANK. NAME. CLUB. . . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————-
  1 Dungan Louisville and Chicago 18 30 3 1 34 .970
  2 Griffin Brooklyn 106 298 13 12 323 .963
  3 Hamilton Philadelphia 131 363 16 15 394 .961
  3 Thompson Philadelphia 102 163 11 7 181 .961
  4 Weaver Louisville and Pitts. 35 59 8 3 70 .957
  5 McAleer Cleveland 64 173 10 9 192 .953
  6 Kelley Baltimore 129 274 19 15 308 .951
  7 Brodie Baltimore 129 311 11 19 341 .944
  8 Shock Brooklyn 34 89 11 6 106 .943
  9 Burns Brooklyn 126 212 16 14 242 .942
10 Hogan St. Louis 29 43 5 3 51 .941
11 Blake Cleveland 73 122 17 9 148 .939
11 O'Connor Cleveland 31 85 8 6 99 .939
12 Delehanty Philadelphia 85 224 21 16 261 .938
13 Smith Pittsburgh 125 271 18 20 309 .935
14 Tiernan New York 112 170 11 13 194 .933
15 Donovan Pittsburgh 133 267 24 21 312 .932
16 Dowd St. Louis 115 201 16 16 233 .931
17 Keeler Baltimore 127 220 27 19 266 .928
18 Radford Washington 22 30 8 3 41 .927
19 Ewing Cleveland 52 91 7 8 106 .924
19 Selbach Washington 76 153 7 13 173 .924
20 Duffy Boston 123 313 23 28 364 .923
21 Burke New York 138 269 16 23 308 .922
22 Stenzel Pittsburgh 131 317 22 30 369 .918
22 Canavan Cincinnati 94 191 10 18 219 .918
23 Holliday Cincinnati 121 247 26 25 298 .916
24 Brown Louisville 130 327 23 33 383 .914
24 McCarthy Cincinnati 25 46 7 5 58 .914
25 Burkett Cleveland 124 242 18 24 284 .912
26 VanHaltren New York 139 309 28 33 370 .911
26 Shugart St. Louis 119 276 23 27 326 .911
27 Abbey Washington 129 341 26 36 403 .910
27 Hassamer Washington 68 102 10 11 123 .910
28 Turner Philadelphia 77 143 7 15 165 .909
29 McCarthy Boston 124 286 30 32 348 .908
30 Smith Louisville 39 64 2 7 73 .904
30 Ryan Chicago 108 222 23 26 271 .904
31 Lange Chicago 110 278 30 33 341 .903
32 Twitchell Louisville 51 104 14 13 131 .900
33 Hoy Cincinnati 128 322 27 41 390 .895
34 Treadway Brooklyn 122 274 20 36 330 .891
35 Clark Louisville 76 166 14 23 203 .886
36 Frank St. Louis 77 159 11 23 193 .880
37 G. Tebeau Wash'n and Cleveland 87 182 8 26 216 .879
38 Murphy New York 20 32 3 5 40 .875
38 Virtue Cleveland 20 38 4 6 48 .875
39 Bannon Boston 127 243 42 41 326 .874
40 Wilmont Chicago 135 262 17 46 325 .858
41 O'Rourke Louisville, Wash., St.L. 18 34 2 6 42 .857
42 Decker Chicago 30 55 9 11 75 .853
43 Cooley St. Louis 38 73 1 14 88 .840
44 Nicol Louisville 26 33 3 7 43 .837
45 Anderson Brooklyn 15 21 0 6 27 .777
——————————————————————————————————-

CATCHERS' AVERAGES.
————————————————————————————————————
                                               P P T
                                               u A a o C P
                                               t s E s t h e
                                            G s r s B a a r
                                            a O i r e a l n c
                                            m u s o d l c e
                                            e t t r l e n
                                            s s s s s s t
RANK. NAME. CLUB. . . . . . . .
————————————————————————————————————
  1 Zimmer Cleveland 88 285 107 16 13 421 .931
  2 Clements Philadelphia 47 182 38 11 7 238 .924
  3 Buckley Philadelphia, St. Louis 66 249 72 18 12 351 .914
  3 Robinson Baltimore 106 364 96 24 19 503 .914
  4 Mack Pittsburgh 63 274 59 22 15 370 .900
  5 Merritt Boston, Pitts., Cinn 61 177 72 16 13 278 .895
  6 Schriver Chicago 86 294 93 34 13 434 .891
  7 Grimm Louisville 75 262 104 29 16 411 .890
  8 Miller St. Louis 39 138 36 12 10 196 .887
      Murphy Cincinnati 74 197 69 29 5 300 .887
      Farrell New York 103 470 138 41 36 685 .887
  9 Kittredge Chicago 50 209 40 20 13 282 .883
10 Vaughn Cincinnati 41 155 43 19 8 225 .880
      Dailey Brooklyn 58 217 62 21 17 317 .880
11 Ganzel Boston 55 188 57 24 10 279 .878
12 Sugden Pittsburgh 30 104 28 12 7 151 .874
13 Earle Brooklyn and Lousiville 31 89 42 6 13 150 .873
14 Twineham St. Louis 31 147 35 9 18 209 .870
15 O'Connor Cleveland 42 160 37 12 20 229 .860
16 McGuire Washington 102 288 116 39 28 471 .857
17 Clarke Baltimore 22 86 21 10 8 125 .856
      Ryan Boston 49 166 49 18 18 251 .856
18 Peitz St. Louis 38 153 52 13 11 229 .851
19 Tenny Boston 18 55 18 11 3 87 .839
20 Wilson New York 32 119 22 20 9 170 .829
21 Weaver Louisville and Pitts. 30 88 27 11 15 141 .815
22 Kinslow Brooklyn 61 114 47 19 23 203 .793
23 Grady Philadelphia 38 101 30 21 20 172 .761
24 Dugdale Washington 30 75 38 20 10 143 .720
————————————————————————————————————

PITCHERS' RECORD, IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER—1894.

————————————————————————————————————-
Heading abbreviations used in this table:
  G Games Played
  %W Percent games won excluding tie games
  RS Runs scored average per game
  RE Runs earned, average per game
  %BH Percent of base hits off pitcher
  BoB Bases given on balls
  SO No. struck out
  %FC Percent fielding chances accepted

—————————————————————————————————————
Pitcher. Club. G %W RS RE %BH BoB SO %FC
—————————————————————————————————————
Breitenst'n St. Louis 49 .551 6.32 3.06 .280 162 138 .902
Colcolough Pittsburgh 15 .533 9.13 4.87 .354 59 19 .844
Cuppy Cleveland 37 .583 7.13 3.24 .298 119 63 .916
Carsey Philadelphia 31 .580 7.93 3.84 .314 95 40 .831
Clarkson St. Louis 26 .308 8.11 4.19 .318 102 42 .794
Chamberlain Cincinnati 19 .526 7.45 3.70 .309 78 57 .729
Dwyer Cincinnati 39 .500 7.3 4.13 .317 97 47 .902
Daub Brooklyn 26 .423 7.89 3.70 .306 71 33 .694
Esper Wash. and Balti. 26 .500 8.3 4.88 .339 59 36 .929
Ehret Pittsburgh 41 .436 7.05 4.17 .306 111 91 .808
Gumbert Pittsburgh 31 .600 7.23 4.87 .326 73 60 .909
Griffith Chicago 32 .656 6.46 3.59 .300 79 67 .901
German New York 17 .471 7.82 3.53 .288 48 15 .842
Gleason St.L. and Balti. 29 .586 6.00 3.45 .312 59 39 .841
Hemming Louis. and Balti. 40 .500 6.02 2.85 .295 140 75 .893
Hawke Baltimore 23 .562 7.17 4.08 .311 58 50 .887
Hutchinson Chicago 30 .467 7.47 3.33 .314 125 60 .716
Hawley St. Louis 47 .413 7.04 3.72 .303 121 117 .708
Inks Balti. and Louis. 24 .478 7.96 4.04 .337 75 37 .846
Killen Pittsburgh 24 .583 6.25 3.87 .303 83 57 .909
Knell Louisville 30 .200 8.46 3.60 .329 97 65 .693
Kennedy Brooklyn 42 .545 7.55 4.21 .302 134 101 .771
Menafee Louis. and Pitts. 37 .351 6.59 3.67 .309 85 78 .904
Mercer Washington 38 .421 7.18 4.09 .303 105 57 .852
Meekin New York 47 .790 4.91 2.38 .253 147 127 .798
Maul Washington 24 .458 8.08 4.08 .307 60 31 .785
Mullane Balt. and Cleve. 17 .470 8.17 4.17 .297 80 44 .740
McMahon Baltimore 34 .735 5.51 3.00 .269 109 55 .869
McGill Chicago 24 .291 8.12 3.83 .321 98 55 .846
Nichols Boston 46 .711 6.78 3.56 .291 108 98 .856
Parrott Cincinnati 37 .459 7.24 3.94 .307 120 61 .824
Rusie New York 49 .734 4.73 2.12 .253 189 204 .867
Stratton Louis. & Chicago 21 .476 9.43 5.24 .366 52 29 .931
Stockdale Washington 16 .375 7.60 3.60 .353 39 8 .825
Stivetts Boston 39 .692 7.49 3.43 .306 100 73 .913
Stein Brooklyn 42 .619 6.26 3.05 .280 162 72 .785
Staley Boston 25 .520 8.88 5.72 .344 55 29 .744
Sullivan Wash. and Cleve. 23 .348 8.26 3.74 .320 97 28 .714
Terry Chicago 19 .278 9.73 4.00 .334 91 43 .782
Taylor Philadelphia 33 .719 5.30 2.76 .281 85 79 .796
Weyhing Philadelphia 33 .545 6.72 3.49 .324 101 79 .845
Wadsworth Louisville 21 .190 9.38 4.66 .360 97 58 .703
Westervelt New York 18 .412 7.39 3.83 .297 62 28 .654
Young Cleveland 47 .532 5.83 3.17 .293 100 100 .902

Tie games—Cuppy, 1; Dwyer, 1; Daub, 1; Ehret, 1; Gumbert, 1; Hawley, 1; Inks, 1; Meekin, 4; Nichols, 1; Stein, 1; Terry, 1; Taylor 1; Westervelt,1. —————————————————————————————————————-

THE TEAM-WORK AT THE BAT.

It goes to the credit of the leading teams in the pennant race of 1894 that the first three clubs did better team-work at the bat, and more of it, than any previous trio of the kind known in the annals of the League. In fact, competent managers and captains of teams have learned in recent years, by costly experiment, that one of the most potent factors in winning pennants is the method of handling the ash known as good team-work at the bat the very essence of which is devoting all the batsmen's efforts to forwarding runners by base hits, and not by each player's going to the bat simply to build up a high record of base hits without regard to forwarding runners on bases. Suppose the first baseman in a game to take his position at the bat makes a two or three-bagger at the outset. Of course the object of the batsman who succeeds him would be to send the runner home the best way he can, either by a base hit or a sacrifice hit. In striving to do this, the very worst plan, is to try solely for a home run hit, as it only succeeds once in thirty or forty times, and not that against skilful, strategic pitching. Time and again were batsmen, last season, left on third base after opening the innings with a three-bagger, owing to the stupid work of the succeeding batsmen in trying to "line 'em out for a homer," instead of doing real team-work at the bat. Of course, good "sacrifice hitting" is part and parcel of team-work at the bat, but this kind of hitting was not done to any special extent last season by a majority of the League batsmen.

SACRIFICE HITTING.

There is one thing about the point of play in batting known, as "sacrifice hitting" which is not as thoroughly understood as it should be. A majority of batsmen seem to be of the impression that when they are called upon to forward a base runner by a "sacrifice hit," all they have to do is to go to the bat and have themselves put out, so that the base runner at first base may be able to reach second base on the play which puts the batsmen out. This is a very erroneous idea of the true intent of a sacrifice hit. No skilful batsmen ever goes to the bat purposely to hit the ball so as to have himself put out; that would be a very silly move. On the contrary, he takes his bat in hand every time, with the primary object of making a base hit if he possibly can; but in trying for this strongest point in batting, he proposes, to make the desired hit in such a way that if he fails to make the base hit he will at least hit the ball in that direction in the field which will oblige the fielders to throw him out at first base. With this object in view he will always strive for a safe hit to right field, especially by means of a hard "bounder" in that direction, so as to force the second baseman to run to right short to field the ball, in which case the runner at first base will be able to steal to second on the hit in nine cases out of ten. Another good effort for a sacrifice hit is to bunt the ball so that it may roll towards third base, out of reach of the baseman or pitcher. A third sacrifice hit is that of a long high ball to the outfield, which admits of a chance for a catch, but so far out in the field that the runner will have an opportunity to steal a base on the catch. This latter point won't work, of course, when two men are out; moreover, it should be the last point aimed at.

A great deal of bosh has been written—mostly by the admirers of "fungo" hitting—about sacrifice hitting being something that should not be in the game, just as these fungo-hitting-advocates try to write down bunt hitting—the most difficult place hit known to the game. This class of writers think that the very acme of batting skill is the home run hit, a hit which any muscular novice in batting on amateur fields can accomplish without difficulty, and where more home runs are made in a single season than in two seasons by the best managed professional teams. The effort to make home runs leads to more chances for catches by outfielders in one game than there are home runs made in fifty. The exhaustion which follows a home run hit, with its sprinting run of 120 yards at full speed, is entirely lost sight of by the class of patrons of the game who favor home runs. One season, a few years ago, the tail-end team of the League excelled all its rivals in scoring home runs, while the pennant-winning team took the honors and the prize solely on account of its excellence in team-work at the bat. The mere record of the best averages in scoring base hits in batting seems to be regarded by the majority of "cranks" in base ball as the only sound criterion of good batting. This is one of the fallacies of the game, as such a record is unreliable. The only true criterion of good batting is the record which shows the players who excel in the batting which forwards runners; and this record the existing scoring rules, up to 1895, did not admit of, the champion batsman being regarded as the one who excels in his base-hit average, without regard to the runners his base hits forwarded. For instance, one batsman in a game will make three three-baggers, and forward but a single runner by his three hits, while another batsman by a single base hit, a good "bunt" hit and a telling "sacrifice hit," will forward four runners; and yet by the existing scoring rules the record batsman carries off all the honors in the score, and the team-worker at the bat does not get the slightest credit for the effective batting he has done.

SACRIFICE HIT RECORD.

The following is the record of the players in the League teams of 1894 who led in sacrifice hits last season. The names are given in the order of bases stolen, as recorded in the official average tables made up by Mr. Young. The percentage figures would, of course, materially change the order.

———————————————————————-
Sacrifice
PLAYERS. CLUBS. Games. Hits.
———————————————————————-
Donovan Pittsburgh 129 24
Brodie Baltimore 129 24
Beckley Pittsburgh 132 22
Bierbauer Pittsburgh 131 20
Ward New York 136 20
Kelley Baltimore 129 19
Buckley Philadelphia 67 18
Boyle Philadelphia 116 18
Brouthers Baltimore 123 18
Jennings Baltimore 128 18
Shindle Brooklyn 117 17
Cross Philadelphia 120 16
Keeler Baltimore 128 16
Pfeffer Louisville 104 15
Mack Pittsburgh 63 14
McGraw Baltimore 123 14
Brown Louisville 130 14
Wilmot Chicago 135 14
Shugart St. Louis 33 13
Glasscock Pittsburgh 86 13
Quinn St. Louis 106 13
Ely St. Louis 127 13
Abbey Washington 129 13
Van Haltren New York 139 13
Frank St. Louis 80 12
Weaver Pittsburgh 90 12
Tredway Brooklyn 122 12
Lyons Pittsburgh 72 11
G. Tebeau Cleveland 105 11
Robinson Baltimore 106 11
Hay Cincinnati 128 11
Latham Cincinnati 130 11
McKean Cleveland 130 11
Menafee Pittsburgh 37 10
Ehret Pittsburgh 41 10
Blake Cleveland 73 10
Hassamer Washington 116 10
Dahlen Chicago 121 10
Duffy Boston 124 10
Burkett Cleveland 124 10
E. Smith Pittsburgh 125 10
Corcoran Brooklyn 129 10
Burke New York 138 10
———————————————————————

According to the above table Pittsburgh led with a total of 146 sacrifice hits, Baltimore being next with 120, followed by Philadelphia with 52, New York 43, Cleveland 42, Brooklyn 39, St. Louis 38, Louisville 29, Chicago 24, Washington 23, Cincinnati 22 and Boston 10.

A record connected with the batting of each season is that showing the number of victories and defeats, marked by single and double figure scores. This data shows, to a considerable extent, how the pitching stands in relation to the batting, as to whether the one or the other dominates too much in the efforts of the rulemakers to equal the powers of attack and defence. If the pitching has the best of it than we have a predominance of the undesirable class of pitchers' games, in which the minority of the fielders only bear the brunt of the contest. On the other hand, if the batting rules the roost, then we have too much of the old slugging style of play, in which the outfielders are mostly brought into play, and but little chance to see skilful base running or splendid infielding is afforded. Here are some records which show what was done in 1894 in this respect:

The three leading teams in the pennant race of 1894 scored a total of 198 single figure games to 194 double figure games. The record in detail being as follows:

SINGLE FIGURE. —————————————————————- Baltimore single figure victories 40 Baltimore single figure defeats 18 New York single figure victories 59 New York single figure defeats 25 Boston single figure victories 34 Boston single figure defeats 22 —- Totals 198 —————————————————————-

DOUBLE FIGURE. —————————————————————- Baltimore double figure victories 49 Baltimore double figure defeats 21 New York double figure victories 29 New York double figure defeats 19 Boston double figure victories 49 Boston double figure defeats 27 —- Totals 194 —————————————————————-

The full record of the twelve clubs in single and double figure victories and defeats in 1894 is appended.

RECORD OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE FIGURE GAMES.
——————————————————————————————————-
SINGLE FIGURE. DOUBLE FIGURE.
CLUBS. Victories. Defeats. Totals. Victories. Defeats. Totals.
——————————————————————————————————-
Baltimore 40 18 58 49 21 70
New York 59 25 84 29 19 48
Boston 34 22 56 49 27 76
Philadelphia 28 22 50 43 30 73
Brooklyn 34 27 61 36 35 71
Cleveland 39 36 75 29 25 54
Pittsburgh 35 35 70 30 20 50
Chicago 20 40 60 38 35 73
St. Louis 35 45 80 21 31 52
Cincinnati 36 37 73 20 38 58
Washington 28 34 62 17 53 70
Louisville 24 61 85 12 34 46
Totals 412 402 814 373 368 741
——————————————————————————————————-

It will be seen that the Boston club, which was third in the race, is first in scoring the most total double figures in their contests, the "Phillies" being second and the Chicagos third. In total single figure scores New York takes a decided lead, while the Louisville club is second and St. Louis third. In single figure victories, however, New York is first, Baltimore second and Cleveland third; while in double figure victories Baltimore and Boston are tied and Philadelphia is third. The totals of 814 single figure games against 741 double figure contests shows that the pitching is not yet overpowered by the batting, though the use of the big mitts in infield work had much to do with the scoring of single figure games. As far as these records show, it would appear that the New York team really did the best batting of the season.

We give below a record, taken from the official averages of the League, giving the batting figure, which shows the base hit percentage and the total sacrifice hits of those who have played in a majority of the scheduled games of the season of 1894, the limit being not less than 70 games. The names of the clubs are given in pennant-race order, beginning with Baltimore and ending with Louisville. The record is not of much account, except in the showing of the comparative base hit and sacrifice hit batting, the larger total of the latter giving the palm in case of a tie in the base hit averages. It also shows, as far as sacrifice hit figures can show, which batsman did the best team-work batting. But the one thing wanting in the record of batting averages is the data showing the runners forwarded by base hits, and until the scoring rules give such data there can be no correct data useful as a criterion of skilful batting. Another record needed in the score summary of each game is that of the number of chances given for catches off the bat, thus showing the carelessness of the batting in the averaged number of chances for catches offered off the bat.

An Analysis of the Batting Averages. ———————————————————

BALTIMORE CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Kelly 129 .391 19
Brodie 129 .369 24
Keeler 128 .367 16
Robinson 106 .348 11
Brouthers 123 .344 18
McGraw 123 .340 14
Jennings 128 .332 18
Reitz 109 .306 7
——————————————————————————-

NEW YORK CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Doyle 105 .369 4
Davis 124 .345 9
Van Haltren 139 .333 13
Burke 138 .299 10
Fuller 95 .282 0
Tiernan 112 .282 6
Farrell 112 .282 3
Murphy 73 .271 2
Ward 136 .262 20
——————————————————————————-

BOSTON CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Duffy 124 .438 10
McCarthy 126 .349 9
Lowe 133 .341 9
Bannon 127 .336 6
Tucker 122 .328 2
Long 103 .324 8
Nash 132 .294 3
——————————————————————————-

PHILADELPHIA CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Turner 77 .423 8
Thompson 102 .403 8
Delahanty 114 .400 5
Hamilton 131 .398 7
Cross 128 .388 16
Hallman 119 .327 22
Boyle 116 .291 18
——————————————————————————-

BROOKLYN CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Griffin 106 .365 5
Burns 126 .358 9
Daly 123 .338 4
Treadway 122 .336 12
Foutz 73 .310 8
Corcoran 129 .302 10
Shindle 117 .300 17
——————————————————————————-

CLEVELAND CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Childs 117 .365 4
Burkett 124 .357 10
McKean 130 .354 11
O'Connor 80 .330 4
O. Tebeau 119 .305 9
Blake 73 .286 10
Zimmer 88 .285 2
McGarr 127 .272 5
G. Tebeau 105 .266 11
——————————————————————————-

PITTSBURGH CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
E. Smith 125 .352 10
Stenzel 131 .351 5
Beckley 132 .344 22
Lyons 72 .311 11
Donovan 133 .306 26
Bierbauer 131 .301 20
Shugart 133 .285 13
Glasscock 86 .283 13
Shiebeck 75 .275 1
Weaver 90 .250 12
——————————————————————————-

CHICAGO CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Anson 83 .394 7
Dahlen 121 .362 10
Ryan 108 .359 8
Wilmot 105 .331 14
Lange 112 .324 4
Decker 89 .310 2
Irwin 130 .302 4
Schriver 94 .269 5
Parrott 126 .244 9
——————————————————————————-

ST. LOUIS CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Miller 125 .341 8
Ely 127 .305 13
Peitz 100 .274 7
Quinn 106 .274 13
Dowd 123 .267 9
Frank 80 .246 12
——————————————————————————-

CINCINNATI CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Holliday 122 .383 4
McPhee 128 .320 6
Latham 130 .313 11
Hoy 128 .312 11
Canavan 100 .293 5
Murphy 76 .268 6
G. Smith 128 .266 3
——————————————————————————-

WASHINGTON CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Joyce 98 .344 5
Hassamer 116 .326 10
Abbey 129 .318 13
Selbach 96 .309 3
McGuire 102 .304 4
F. Ward 89 .303 5
Cartwright 132 .292 3
Radford 93 .233 1
——————————————————————————-

LOUISVILLE CLUB.
——————————————————————————-
Percent. of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————-
Pfeffer 104 .297 15
Grimm 107 .290 8
Clark 76 .275 1
Richardson 116 .255 4
Brown 130 .251 14
Lutenburg 70 .192 3
——————————————————————————-

The record of the twelve clubs in the League pennant race of 1894 in the total number of sacrifice hits is as follows:

————————————————————————————————
Sacrifice
BATSMEN. CLUBS. Games. Hits.
————————————————————————————————
Donovan Pittsburgh 133 26
Brodie Baltimore 129 24
Cross Philadelphia 128 16
Pfeffer Louisville 104 15
Wilmot Chicago 135 14
Quinn St. Louis 106 13
Abbey Washington 129 13
Van Haltren New York 139 13
Tredway Brooklyn 122 12
Hoy Cincinnati 128 11
G. Tebeau Cleveland 105 11
Duffy Boston 124 10
——————————————————————————————————-

The first nine in base hit averages were as follows:
——————————————————————————————————-
Percent, of Sacrifice
BATSMEN. CLUBS. Games. Base Hits. Hits.
——————————————————————————————————-
Duffy Boston 124 .438 10
Turner Philadelphia 77 .423 8
Thompson Philadelphia 102 .403 8
Delahanty Philadelphia 114 .400 5
Hamilton Philadelphia 131 .398 7
Anson Chicago 88 .394 7
Kelly Baltimore 129 .391 19
Cross Philadelphia 128 .388 6
Holliday Cincinnati 122 .383 4
——————————————————————————————————-

BASE RUNNING.

It should be borne in mind by the rulemakers of the League, and especially by the magnates who pass upon the work done by the Rules Committee, that base running has come to be as much of an art in the game as is skilful, strategic pitching or team-work in batting. Especially has skill in stealing bases become a potent factor in winning games, and year after year is it increasing in popular favor as one of the most attractive features of the game. Every manager of the period should realize the important fact, that, however strong his team may be in its "battery" department, or in the excellence of the field support given the pitchers, it is lacking in one essential element of strength if it be not up to the mark in base stealing by its players. Effective pitching and sharp fielding are, of course, very necessary to success in winning games, as also skilful batting, especially of the strategic kind. While it is a difficult task to get to first base safely in the face of a steady and effective fire from the opposing "battery," backed up by good support from the field, it is still more difficult when the first base is safely reached to secure the other bases by good base stealing. The fact is, a greater degree of intelligence is required in the player who would excel in base running than is needed either in fielding or in batting. Any soft-brained heavy-weight can occasionally hit a ball for a home run, but it requires a shrewd, intelligent player, with his wits about him, to make a successful base runner. Indeed, base running is the most difficult work a player has to do in the game. To cover infield positions properly, a degree of intelligence in the player is required, which the majority do not as a general rule possess; but to excel in base running such mental qualifications are required as only a small minority are found to possess. Presence of mind, prompt action on the spur of the moment; quickness of perception, and coolness and nerve are among the requisites of a successful base runner. Players habitually accustomed to hesitate to do this, that or the other, in attending to the varied points of a game, can never become good base runners. There is so little time allowed to judge of the situation that prompt action becomes a necessity with the base runner. He must "hurry up" all the time. Then, too, he must be daring in taking risks, while at the same time avoiding recklessness in his running.

Due consideration had not been given by the League magnates, up to 1895, to the importance of having more definite rules governing the base running in the game, the rules applicable to balks in pitching, as affecting the base running, having been at no time as clear and definite as they should be; nor have the existing rules bearing upon base running been strictly observed by the majority of the umpires each year; especially was this the case in 1892, when the observance of the balk rule was very lax indeed. The difficulty in framing a proper rule for the purpose is, to properly define the difference between a palpable fielding error, which enables a base to be run on the error, and an error plainly induced by the very effort made to steal a base. No base can be credited to a base runner as having been stolen which is the result of a dropped fly ball, a wild throw to a base player, or a palpable muff in fielding a batted ball. But in view of the difficulties surrounding base stealing, it is not going out of the way to credit a base as stolen when the effort of the runner, in taking ground and getting a start to steal, leads to a passed ball, a failure to throw to a base quick enough, or a failure on the part of a base player to put the ball on the runner quick enough. Of course these are, to a certain extent, errors on the part of the fielders, but they are not of the class of palpable errors as wild throws, dropped fly balls, and failures to pick up batted balls, or to hold well thrown balls, are. The other errors are consequent upon the effort on the part of the runner to steal a base, and as such should be included as part and parcel of a credited stolen base.

The base running records of the past three years, under the rules of the great major league, present a very interesting set of tables, whereby one can judge of the good work done in this direction pretty fairly. Below we give the full record of each season in stolen bases from 1892 to 1894, inclusive, showing the totals of stolen bases by each club each season, together with the aggregate of stolen bases for the three years. We give the names of the twelve clubs in the order in which they lead in stolen bases at the end of the three years of base running. Here is the full record in question:

RECORD OF TOTAL STOLEN BASES FOR 1892, 1893 AND 1894. —————————————————————————- CLUBS. 1892. 1893. 1894. TOTALS. —————————————————————————- 1. New York 281 401 294 976 2. Brooklyn 408 247 266 921 3. Baltimore 197 261 320 778 4. Chicago 216 237 324 777 5. Cleveland 288 242 228 758 6. Boston 337 174 230 741 7. Pittsburgh 211 245 247 703 8. Philadelphia 217 174 266 657 9. Cincinnati 241 204 205 650 10. Washington 250 142 209 601 11. Louisville 228 174 198 600 12. St. Louis 196 196 150 542 —————————————————————————- Totals 3070 2697 2937 8704 —————————————————————————-

It will be seen by the above record that the best base running, in the aggregate of the three years' play, was made in 1892, the three leading clubs in stolen bases that year being Brooklyn, Boston and Cleveland. In 1893 the three leaders in base running were New York, Baltimore and Brooklyn, and the three leaders of the past season were Chicago, Baltimore and Brooklyn, Philadelphia being tied with Brooklyn. The tail-end clubs in stolen base records during the three years were St. Louis in 1892, Washington in 1893 and St. Louis in 1894. In the aggregate of the three years, New York stands first, Brooklyn second and Baltimore third, St. Louis being a bad tail-ender in these total figures. It is a noteworthy fact that when Brooklyn led in base running Ward was captain, while when New York led the next year, Ward was captain, too, New York jumping from .281 in 1892, when Ward was in Brooklyn, to .401 in 1893, when he went to the New York club, Brooklyn that year falling off from .408 to .247. Baltimore, too, made a big jump in base running after Hanlon became manager, the jump being from .197 in 1892 to .320 in 1894.

The highest totals of stolen bases in any one year was in 1892, there being quite a falling off in 1893; while in 1894 a considerable improvement was shown, the average for the three years being 2,901 for the twelve clubs.

Last season the Baltimore club's team, under Hanlon's control, excelled all the other Eastern teams in stealing bases, Philadelphia being second, New York third and Boston fourth in this respect, the Baltimore's quartette of leading base stealers scoring a total of 212 bases to Philadelphia's 185, New York's 180 and Boston's 156. The three teams of the Western clubs which excelled in base running last season were Chicago, with a total of 324; Pittsburgh, with 247, and Cleveland, with 228.

Had the umpires properly interpreted the balk rules in 1894, probably the total of stolen bases for that year would have got up among the twelve hundreds at least. This year they should be made to do it.

THE STOLEN BASE RECORD OF 1894.

The record of stolen bases for 1894, showing the best nine base stealers of each club is as appended. The names of clubs are given in pennant race order, and of players in the order of percentage of stolen bases per game.

THE RECORD OF THE FIRST DIVISION CLUBS. ————————————————————

BALTIMORE
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
McGraw 123 77 .636
Bonner 27 11 .407
Brodie 129 50 .388
Kelley 129 45 .350
Brouthers 126 40 .317
Jennings 128 36 .281
Keeler 128 30 .235
Reitz 109 18 .165
Robinson 106 9 .123

Totals 1005 820 .318 ————————————————————

NEW YORK
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Doyle 105 48 .457
Fuller 95 34 .358
Burke 138 47 .340
Van Halt'n 139 44 .315
Ward 136 41 .306
Davis 124 37 .298
Tiernan 112 24 .214
German 19 4 .211
Wilson 45 9 .200

Totals 1006 294 .292 ————————————————————

BOSTON
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Duffy 124 49 .395
Bannon 127 42 .331
McCarthy 126 40 .317
Tierney 24 7 .292
Long 103 25 .243
Lowe 133 25 .188
Tucker 122 19 .156
Nash 132 19 .144
Stivetts . 57 4 .070

Totals 948 230 .253 ————————————————————

PHILADELPHIA.
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Hamilton 131 99 .756
Thompson 102 29 .284
Delahanty 104 29 .279
Cross 120 28 .233
Hallman 119 26 .218
Boyle 116 22 .190
Reilly 36 6 .167
Sullivan 93 15 .161
Turner 77 12 .157

Totals 898 266 .296 ————————————————————

BROOKLYN.
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Griffin 106 48 .453
Daly 123 53 .431
LaChance 65 25 .385
Shock 63 18 .286
Corcoran 129 33 .256
Burns 126 29 .230
Foutz 73 16 .219
Treadway 122 26 .213
Shindle 117 18 .154

Totals 924 266 .288 ————————————————————

CLEVELAND.
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Ewing 53 19 .385
G. Tebeau 105 34 .324
McGarr 127 34 .269
McAleer 64 17 .266
Burkett 124 32 .258
McKean 130 32 .246
Childs 117 20 .171
O'Connor 80 13 .163
O. Tebeau 109 27 .155

Totals 909 228 .251 ————————————————————

It will be seen that the Baltimore club's nine excel the other five clubs in the percentage of stolen bases, Philadelphia being second and New York third; the other three following in order in percentage figures as follows: Brooklyn, Boston and Cleveland. In total stolen bases by the individual player, Hamilton leads with 99—the champion stolen-base record of the season—McGraw being second and Duffy third, followed by Griffin, Doyle and Ewing.

PITTSBURGH.
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Stenzel 131 60 .450
Hartman 44 17 .386
E. Smith 125 37 .296
Shiebeck 75 19 .244
Donovan 131 31 .236
Glasscock 86 20 .233
Shugart 133 23 .172
Bierbaur 131 20 .153
Beckley 132 20 .152

Totals 987 247 .250 ————————————————————

CHICAGO.
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Lange 112 71 .634
Wilmot 135 76 .563
Dableu 121 49 .415
Parrott 126 34 .370
Irwin 130 34 .262
Decker 89 22 .247
Anson 83 17 .205
Ryan 108 12 .111
Schriver 94 9 .096

Totals 998 324 .325 ————————————————————

ST. LOUIS.
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Dowd 123 34 .276
Hogan 29 7 .248
Ely 127 23 .181
Pietz 100 17 .170
Miller 125 20 .160
Cooley 52 8 .154
Quinn 106 26 .151
Frank 80 12 .150
Breitenstein 53 3 .057

Totals 795 150 .189 ————————————————————

CINCINNATI
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Latham 130 62 .477
Holliday 122 39 .320
McPhee 128 31 .242
Hay 128 30 .235
M. Murphy 76 5 .192
Canavan 160 15 .150
Vaughn 67 6 .097
G. Smith 128 12 .094
Merritt 66 5 .079

Totals 945 205 .217 ————————————————————

WASHINGTON
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Ward 89 36 .401
Cartwright 132 35 .269
Radford 106 26 .245
Seebach 96 23 .240
Joyce 98 23 .235
Mercer 43 10 .233
Abbey 129 30 .233
Hassamer 116 15 .129
McGuire 102 11 .108

Totals 911 209 .229 ————————————————————

LOUISVILLE
————————————————————
Players. Games. Stolen Per cent. of
Bases. Stolen Bases.
————————————————————
Brown 130 74 .569
Smith 39 13 .333
Pfeffer 104 33 .317
Clark 76 24 .316
Twitchell 51 9 .176
Denny 60 10 .167
Lutenberg 70 10 .143
Grim 107 14 .131
Richardson 116 11 .095

Totals 753 198 .263 ————————————————————

It will be seen that the leaders of the six second division clubs aggregated a total of 337 bases, of which Brown is credited with 74, Lange with 71, and Latham with 62. In percentages, however, Lange led with .634, Brown being second with .569, and Latham third with .477, Stenzel, Ward (of Washington) and Dowd following in order. In total percentages, the Chicago nine led "by a large majority," Louisville being second and Pittsburgh third, Washington beating both Cincinnati and St. Louis, the latter club making a very poor show in base running figures in 1894.

THE LEADING BASE STEALERS OF EACH CLUB.

The following record shows the leader of each club in percentage of stolen bases, the names being given in the order of percentage figures:

—————————————————————————-
Total Per cent.
Stolen of Stolen
Players. Clubs. Games. Bases. Bases.
—————————————————————————-
Hamilton Philadelphia 131 99 .756
McGraw Baltimore 123 77 .636
Lange Chicago 112 71 .626
Brown Louisville 130 74 .569
Latham Cincinnati 130 62 .477
Doyle New York 105 48 .457
Griffin Brooklyn 106 48 .453
Stenzel Pittsburgh 131 60 .450
Duffy Boston 124 49 .395
Ewing Cleveland 53 19 .385
F. Ward Washington 89 36 .306
Dowd St. Louis 123 34 .276
—————————————————————————-

The record of the base runners of the twelve League clubs who have a record of 10 stolen bases and less than 20 each for 1894 is as follows:

—————————————————————————- PLAYERS. CLUBS. Games. Stolen Bases. —————————————————————————- 1. Ewing Cleveland 53 19 2. Shiebeck Pittsburgh 75 19 3. Tucker Boston 122 19 4. Nash Boston 132 19 5. Shock Brooklyn 63 18 6. Reitz Baltimore 109 18 7. Shindle Brooklyn 117 18 8. McAleer Cleveland 64 17 9. Lyons Pittsburgh 72 17 10. Anson Chicago 83 17 11. Pietz St. Louis 100 17 12. Foutz Brooklyn 73 16 13. Zimmer Cleveland 88 15 14. Sullivan Philadelphia. 93 15 15. Canavan Cincinnati 100 15 16. Hassamer Washington 116 15 17. Grimm Louisville 107 14 18. Smith Louisville 39 13 19. O'Connor Cleveland 80 13 20. Robinson Baltimore 106 13 21. Hartman Pittsburgh 49 12 22. Frank St. Louis 80 12 23. Turner Philadelphia. 77 12 24. Ryan Chicago 108 12 25. G. Smith Cincinnati 128 12 26. Bonner Baltimore 27 11 27. McGuire Washington 102 11 28. Richardson Louisville 116 11 29. Mercer Washington 43 10 30. Denny Louisville 70 10 31. Lutenberg Louisville 70 10 32. O'Rourke St. Louis 80 10 33. Farrell New York 112 10 —————————————————————————-

Those who did not steal a single base were pitchers Esper,
Dwyer, J. Clarkson, Ehret, Staley, Whitrock, McGill,
Wadsworth and catcher Buckley.

THE FIELDING OF 1894.

Season after season finds the fielding in base ball better attended to than any other department of the game; and it is fortunate for the business end of professional ball playing that it is so, as skilful fielding is decidedly the most attractive feature of our national game. Next to fielding comes base running, and lastly batting. The reason that so much more skill is shown in the fielding department than in that of batting, is due to the fact that more attention is giving to fielding than to batting. Regular training in team-work batting is practically unknown in the professional arena; while practice in fielding is given every attention. No game is played now-a-days without an hour being devoted to preliminary practice in fielding, while efficient batting is unknown except in the college arena, the professionals ignoring team-work batting practice in nearly every club. Hence the superiority fielding has attained over the batting. Go on any amateur field and watch a game in progress, and you can readily see the inferiority in fielding exhibited in comparison with that shown on the professional fields. It is not so in the batting, however. The reason is that amateurs have not the time to devote to the practice required to excel in fielding; but they can bat out three-baggers and home-runs as easily as the record batsmen do in the professional fields; it is different, however, in the case of doing team-work at the bat, owing to their not having time for the necessary practice.

Some splendid fielding was done in 1894, but as a whole it was not superior to that of 1893, or even to that of 1892. One reason for this was the introduction of the catcher's "big mitt" in the infield work—something that should not have been allowed. It was due to this fact that the batting scores were not larger the past season than they were in 1893, the big mitt on the hands of infielders enabling them to stop hard hit "bounders" and "daisy cutters" which, but for the use of the mitts, would have been clean earned base hits. This gave the infielders an opportunity to materially lessen the base hit record. By a mistaken calculation, the pitchers were charged with doing less effective work, single figure games being in a majority last season.

In contrast to the attractions of fine fielding, the average batting of the period is decidedly behindhand. What sight on a ball field is prettier to the good judge of the fine points of the game, than to see a hard hit "bounder" well stopped and accurately thrown from back of third base over to first base in time to cut off a rapid runner? or to see a splendidly judged fly ball held after a long run; or a hot "liner" caught on the jump by an infielder; or a beautiful triple play made from the infield; or a good double play from a neat catch, followed by a fine, long throw-in from the outfield? All these attractive features of sharp fielding all can enjoy and appreciate. But in the batting department too little team-work at the bat—that is, skilful scientific handling of the bat in the form of place hitting, to forward runners—is done to gratify good judges, the mere novices regarding over-the-fence hits for a home run as the very acme of "splendid batting," though they are invariably chance hits, and only made off poor pitching as a rule. Then, too, how the "groundlings," as Hamlet called them, enjoy "fungo" hitting, that is high balls hit in the air flying to the outfield, this style of hitting giving fifty chances for catches to every single home run. Time and again will one hear a "bleacher" remark, "I don't care if the ball was caught, it was a good hit," as if any hit could be a good one which gave an easy chance for a catch. When a "fungo" hitter takes his bat in hand all he thinks of is to "line 'em out, Tommy," in response to the calls from the "bleaching boards;" and when the ball goes up in the air to outfield a shout bursts forth from the crowd, only to be suddenly stopped as the ball is easily caught at deep outfield by an outfielder placed there purposely for the catch by the pitcher's skilful pitching for catches. Contrast this method of batting to that of place hitting which yields a safe tap to short outfield, ensuring an earned base; or the skilful "bunt" hit made at a time when the fielders are expecting a "line-'em-out" hit; or a sacrifice hit, following a good effort for a base hit to right field, which should mark all attempts to forward runners, especially when on third base. Of course there are skilful outfield hits made in team-work, but they are confined to hot, low liners, giving no chance for a catch, or hard hit "daisy cutters," which yield two or three bases; but every ball hit in the air to outfield shows weak batting, and this style of hitting it is which gives so many chances for catches in a game. It will be readily seen how inferior the "bleaching-board" style of batting is to team-work at the bat, and how much more attractive fielding is in contrast to the popular "fungo" hitting method, of which there was altogether too much in the League ranks last season to make the batting compare with the fielding, as an attractive feature of the game.

There is a great difference between first-class single figure games, marked by batting against skilful, strategic pitching, backed up by splendid in and outfield support, and the class of contests known as "pitchers' games." The former are contests in which runners reaching second and even third base by good hits are cut off from scoring runs by superior pitching and fielding, and this class of games comprises the model contests of each season. On the other hand, the "pitchers' games," which yield single figure scores, are tedious and wearisome to the best judges of the game, from the fact that the brunt of the work falls on the "battery" team and one or two infielders, all the attractions of base running and of sharp fielding being sacrificed at the cost of seeing batsman after batsman retired on called strikes, arising from the intimidating speed of the pitching, this requiring the batsman to devote his whole energies to defending himself from the severe and often fatal injuries following his being hit by the pitched ball. Fortunately, the change in the distance between the pitcher and batsman has decreased the opportunity for this class of unattractive games. But it will not do to go over to the other side and by too much weakening of the box work give the "line-'em-out" class of "fungo" hitters a chance to revel in over-the-fence hits, and give the batsman undue preponderance in the effort to equalize the powers of the attack and defense in the game. Single figure games should outnumber double figure contests to make the game attractive for the scientific play exhibited, but not in the line of being the result of "cyclone" pitching.

The umpiring of 1894, despite of the new rules adopted early in the year governing the position, was no improvement over that of 1893; in fact, in several instances it was worse. The explicitly worded rule, prohibiting umpires from allowing any player, except the captain, to dispute a single decision of the umpire, was allowed to be openly violated by nearly every umpire on the staff. Then, too, as a rule, they, the majority, lacked the nerve and the courage of their convictions too much to keep in check the blackguardism displayed by a small minority of the players of the League teams of 1894; some of the umpires also displayed a degree of temper at times which sadly marred their judgment. That they all endeavored to do their duty impartially, goes without saying, but no umpire is fit for his position who cannot thoroughly control his temper. There was one instance shown of the folly of condoning the offence of drinking, which should not have been allowed; a drunken umpire is worse than a drunken player, for no one will respect his decisions. None such should be allowed on the League staff under any circumstances; moreover, no umpire connected with the low-lived prize-fighting business should be allowed on the League staff, no matter what his ability may be in other respects. When it becomes a necessity to have to engage pugilists as umpires to control hoodlum players, then will professional ball playing cease to be worthy of public patronage.

One great drawback to the successful umpiring which was expected to follow the revision of the rules made in March, 1894, was the countenancing of the abuse of umpires by the magnates of the clubs themselves. When presidents and directors of clubs fail to rebuke the faults of their club managers in allowing incompetent or hot-headed captains to set their players bad examples in this respect, they have no right to find fault with the poor umpiring which follows.

In the recent past, the rule on the League ball fields—and minor leagues copy all that the major league does—has been that, from the time the umpire takes up his position behind the bat, from the beginning to the end of a game, he finds both the contesting teams regarding him as a common enemy, the losing side invariably blaming him as the primary cause of their losing the game.

Then, too, in addition to the contesting teams as his foes, there are the majority of the crowd of spectators to be added to the list, the rougher element of the assemblage, the latter of whom regard the umpire as an especial target for abuse in every instance in which the home team is defeated. Last on the list of the umpire's opponents are the betting class of reporters, who take delight in pitching into him whenever his decisions—no matter how impartially he acts—go against their pet club or the one they bet on.

It is a fact not to be disputed, that those of the crowd of spectators at a ball game, who are so ready to condemn umpires for alleged partiality in their work, or for a supposed lack of judgment in rendering their decisions, never give a moment's thought to the difficulties of the position he occupies, or to the arduous nature of the work he is called upon to perform. There he stands, close behind the catcher and batsman, where he is required to judge whether the swiftly-thrown ball from the pitcher, with its erratic "curves" and "shoots," darts in over the home base, or within the legal range of the bat. The startling fact is never considered that several umpires have been killed outright while occupying this dangerous position. Neither does any one reflect for a moment that the umpire occupies this perilous position while regarded as a common enemy by both of the contesting teams, and as a legitimate object for insulting abuse from the partisan portion of the crowd of spectators. In fact, the umpire stands there as the one defenseless man against thousands of pitiless foes. The wonder is that half the umpires in the arena are as successful in the discharge of their arduous duties as they are, and the still greater wonder is that any self-respecting man can be induced to occupy a position which is becoming year after year more objectionable. There can be no successful umpiring accomplished in the position, no matter how perfect the code of rules governing the umpiring may apparently be, as long as that nuisance of the ball field, the professional "kicker," is allowed to have his way. In view of the express rules which are in the code, prohibiting the disputing of a single decision made by the umpire, it is astonishing that the umpires themselves, not to mention club managers and field captains, are so derelict in their duty in not enforcing the letter of the law of the code in this respect.

Let the magnates remember, when they say to each other this year—as they did at the close of the season of 1894—that "this hoodlumism in professional ball playing must be stopped," that it is themselves who are to blame for the blackguardism exhibited in the League arena in 1894. It is the failure of presidents and directors of League clubs to do their duty which is the real cause of such umpiring as we had in 1894. Club managers of teams, as a rule, do what they know the club presidents or directors quietly approve of or countenance, hence the latitude given to the hoodlum tactics of the rough element in each team. Don't blame umpires from meekly following the example club presidents and directors afford their team managers and captains.

ON THE OCCURRENCES, EVENTS AND NOTEWORTHY INCIDENTS OF 1894 IN THE BASE BALL ARENA.

Here is a list of the rules governing the movements of the pitcher, in delivering the ball to the bat, which we saw violated repeatedly during 1894, without any protests from any of the umpires who acted in the games we reported. First—

Not a pitcher had his foot in contact with the rubber plate last season, all of them invariably placing their back foot a few inches in front of the plate. Not one pitcher in ten, after feigning to throw to a base, resumed his position, as required by the rule, after making the feint. Not one in ten held the ball "firmly in front of his body," as the rule requires. Not one in ten faced the batsman, as required by Rule 30. As for the balk rule it was as openly violated last season almost as it was in 1893. Time and again was Section 29, Rule 32, violated as was Section 3 all the time, as not one had his foot in position as the rule requires, and yet not an umpire fined a single pitcher for the violation of the rules in question, that we saw.

What the pitching rules should be made to foster is, first—thorough command of the ball, with the consequent accuracy of aim in delivery; secondly—the substitution of skilful strategy in delivery in the place of mere intimidating speed; thirdly—the avoidance of the wear and tear of an extremely swift delivery of the ball; fourthly—the prevention of obstacles to successful base running, in the way of allowing too many balk movements in preventing stolen bases. These desirable objects were almost impossible of attainment under the badly-worded rules in existence in 1894.

In regard to the wearing of the catcher's "big mitt" by infielders in 1894, it is worthy of note that that first-class utility man of the Philadelphia team, "Lave" Cross, while wearing a catcher's mitt as third baseman—a large one at that, too—used it to such advantage that it was next to impossible for a ball hit to his position to get by him. At times it was simply laughable to see him stop ground hits. To wear such gloves is making a travesty of skilful infield work in stopping hard hit, bounding or ground balls. But with the speedy batting of the hard ball now in use, the stopping of hard hit balls in the infield becomes dangerous to the fingers without the aid of small gloves. But no such glove as the catcher's mitt should be allowed to be used save by the catchers or first basemen. In this position the "mitt" in question is a necessity in view of the great speed of the pitcher's delivery and the extremely wild, swift throwing from the field positions to first base. It should be borne in mind that in the days when gloves were not worn, when the pitching was far less swift than now, even then broken and split fingers marked nearly every contest, and behind the bat four catchers were needed where one or two will now suffice.

A Washington scribe, in commenting on Manager Schmelz's work in 1894, said: "Schmelz is a base ball man from the crown of his head to the soles of his feet, and we have been taught to believe here that when he says he will do a thing he comes pretty near fulfilling his prediction. If the team gets a fairly good start at the beginning of this season he is just as like as not to let several teams chase him under the wire in September next. A lack of team-work and a most deplorable weakness at short, second and third throughout the past season lost the team many a game."

To this latter list may be added, incompetent captaining of the team by the noted kicker, Joyce.

The Boston correspondent of the St. Louis Sporting News, in one of his letters of last winter, sent the following interesting account of an interview had between Manager Selee, of the Bostons, and a business man he met on a train last October. The B.M. asked the manager "whether ball-players, as a class, were a disreputable set of men, who made a practice of spending their money foolishly, and of saying and doing things on the ball field that were decidedly objectionable; also if, in consequence, the interest in the game had not to a very large degree been on the wane for a number of years past? He said he had read in the papers of a number of acts that had led him to believe that such was the case, and that, while formerly he had been an attendant at the games, that latterly he had lost his desire in that respect, though he still had an interest in all that is published about the game and the ball-players." Mr. Selee at once attempted to show the gentleman where his opinion was at fault, and an interesting conversation was carried on until the train reached Boston, the gentleman severely criticising the players and the Boston manager defending them.

The correspondent, in commenting on this, wrote as follows: "This incident opens anew a topic that has created considerable discussion for several years, and which was brought most forcibly to the public eye by a number of cases that occurred during the season of 1894, namely: Has the rough, rowdy, disreputable, hoodlum element increased or decreased in the professional arena in the past five or ten years?" Further on he adds: "Any intelligent, unprejudiced student of the game cannot but reach the conclusion that in recent years the excessive drinkers, the foul-mouthed talkers, in short, the worst element in the professional ranks, has been gradually weeded out, until the evil has been reduced to almost a minimum, while the intelligence, manliness and exemplary habits of the players have increased correspondingly; where, even five years ago, a ball team could be found where a majority of its players were of the drinking, gambling, disreputable class, to-day can be seen the results of a great and gratifying reform in the personnel of the teams, brought about largely by the efforts of the management, who have had their eyes opened to the trend of public opinion, and have gradually gotten rid of this unpopular element, and secured in their places players of a far different plane of morals." Judging from reports of contests in the League arena in 1894, the reformation above referred to has been far too slow in its progress for the good of the game. Witness the novelty in League annals of men fighting each other or striking umpires on the field, the use of vile language in abuse of umpires, and the many instances of "dirty" ball playing recorded against the majority of the League club teams of the past season. "The time was," says the same writer, "when a ball player's skill was the primary recommendation for an engagement, his moral qualifications being of a secondary consideration. To-day, however, while playing skill is, of course, one of the leading qualities that an applicant for honors on the diamond field must possess, it does not fill the whole bill by any means. His habits, his influence among his fellow players, his general reputation with the public, are also taken into consideration more than before, and if he can pass muster in all these respects he is eligible for engagement in all well managed teams."

In commenting on the existing situation of the professional branch of our grand national game, Mr. Wm. H. Bell, the Kansas correspondent of the St. Louis Sporting News, says: "The growth and development of our national game as been wonderful. Its success has been unparalleled in the world's history of athletic sports, and stands to-day a living monument to the courage, energy and perseverance of the American people. When we pause a moment in our contemplation of the brilliant future of our game and turn a glance back over the past, and try to realize that less than one generation has lived since the birth of base ball, and our fathers guided its first feeble steps, even we Americans, familiar with progress unequaled in the history of the world, are forced to marvel at the rapid growth of this athletic sport." Further on, on the same topic, Mr. Bell says very truly: "While base ball has advanced with great strides, its growth has been normal and healthy. Its success is not the result of a boom, giving it a fictitious value, its prosperity is not as an inflated balloon that will collapse when torn by the knife of adversity. It is but a creation of man, and while its life has been one of unequaled prosperity it has suffered, as do all things of this earth. One factor has ever been potent in its success and that is honesty. The honesty of the game has always been its motto, and though often assailed has still remained intact. This, alone, has gained for baseball a foothold in the hearts of the American people that nothing can dislodge. Americans are known the world over as lovers of fair and honest sport, and to base ball they have given their unswerving allegiance." Here is a merited compliment to the National League from the same able pen: "Our national game was never so firmly established in the hearts of the people as at the present time. It is safe in the hands of true and tried men, who are devoting their lives to its success. It is dominated and controlled by that grand old organization, the National League, which for twenty years has been the great exponent of the game, and has done more to advance the game than any other factor. The League has, during its life, stood on one platform, "honesty and purity in base ball," and has always retained the confidence and respect of the people. It has elevated the game until to-day base ball stands on a firm foundation of popular approval unequaled by any other athletic sport. While the game has advanced with marvelous rapidity it has experienced short periods of depression and stagnation during its career of thirty years. It has had enemies who have sought to pervert it for their own uses. It has been all but torn asunder by civil war. But each time it has bravely met the issue and in the end triumphed. It is just now recovering from the effects of a civil war which all but destroyed it. The rapidity with which it has recovered has been wonderful and is to me a greater proof of prosperity and success than any success that could come to it while enjoying a long period of peace." We regret not having space to quote more at length from Mr. Bell's very able article published in the Sporting News of January 12th last.

The Following Paragraph, Published In The New York Clipper Of February
5, 1895, Tells A Quiet Little Story Well Worthy Of Record In The Guide:
"A.G. Spalding, Of The Chicago Club, Was Asked How So Much Stock Of The
New York Club Came To Be Owned By Outside Parties, And He Said: 'well, I
Will Tell You. During The Troublous Brotherhood Times Of 1890, Along In
July, I Think, I Was Suddenly Summoned To New York. I Went Direct To
Mr. Abell's House, By Request, Entirely Oblivious Of The Object Of The
Sudden Call, And There Met Soden Of Boston, Reach Of Philadelphia, Byrne
Of Brooklyn, Brush Of Indianapolis, And One Or Two Others. There We
Received The Pleasant Information From John B. Day That The New York
Club Was Financially At The End Of Its Rope, And Must Have Immediate
Assistance. Imagine Our Surprise When We Were Told That The Club Must
Have $80,000 At Once To Carry It Through The Season, Or The New York
Club Must Give Up Its End Of The Fight. When We Had Collected Our
Senses Sufficiently To Speak, It Was The General Opinion That If The New
York Club Failed At That Stage Of The Game, The Fight With The
Brotherhood Was Lost, And The Future Of The Old National League Was, To
Say The Least, Uncertain; So It Was Finally Decided That We Must Save
The New York Club At All Hazards, And Before We Separated That Night I
Agreed To Provide $20,000, Soden And Brush Came Forward With Similar
Amounts, And The Balance Was Taken By Reach, Abell And One Or Two
Others, As I Remember. It Was Pretty Costly, But That Prompt Act Saved
The National League, And, By Saving It, The Future Of Professional Base
Ball In This Country Was, In My Opinion, Also Saved. This Will Explain
How I First Became Interested In The New York Club, And, As A Result,
Find Myself Criticised For Ever Being Permitted To Hold Any Of The
Stock. Of This $20,000 Stock Alloted To Chicago, Anson Took And Paid
Cash For $5,000, Another Chicago Gentleman Took $5,000, My Brother
Walter $5,000 And Myself $5,000. Afterward I Sold Or Practically Gave My
Stock To My Brother, And I Think He Picked Up Some More While He Was A
Director Of The Club. That Brotherhood Fight Was A Great Fight, And One
That Will Probably Never Be Duplicated. The Real Inside History Of That
Struggle, And Its Final Settlement, Was Never Written, But If It Ever
Is, It Will Prove Quite Interesting, As Well As Quite A Surprise To The
Base Ball Men Of That Day. But Why Talk In This Strain Any Longer. You
Know I Am Out Of Active Base Ball, And These Reminiscences Simply
Emphasize The Fact That I Ought To Be Out Of It, For I Am Getting Too
Old.'"

What A Commentary On The Selfish Greed Of The Overpaid Star Players Of
The "Out-For-The-Stuff" Class Of The Professional Fraternity
Mr. Spalding's Account Of One Costly Result Of The Players' Revolt Of
1890 The Above Story Presents. It Also Tells The True Story Of How The
Above-Named Magnates Of The Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Brooklyn And
Indianapolis Clubs Of 1890 Came To Be Financially Interested In The New
York Club, Not For Profit, But To Save The Disruption Of The League.

The veteran Comiskey thus explains the difference in one special respect, between a seasoned player and a colt—and he is one who ought to know, you know. He said, in an interview: "No one appreciates the superiority of hustling, aggressive youngsters over the old standbys of the diamond more than I do. A seasoned player, as a rule, develops into a mechanical player who is always watching his averages and keeping tab on himself. While he may be too loyal to shirk, he will not take a chance which he is not compelled to. Especially is this true in running bases. How many of these old players will slide or go into a bag when they are blocked off? Very few. On the other hand, a young player appreciates that he has to make a reputation, while the old player, who has one to protect, is in the business for a livelihood and nothing else. Popular applause has lost its favor for him, and, while it is not unwelcome, it does not stimulate him to renewed exertions as it did when he began his career. It is entirely different with the man who is trying to establish himself in the major league. An ambitious young player thinks that the game depends upon him, and is dead sure that every crank agrees with him. Give him a good send-off in the papers, or let his manager commend him for a creditable piece of work, and he will break his neck in his efforts to deserve another installment to-morrow. The public demands snappy ball, and the young players are the only ones who can serve up that article."

In his remarks, Comiskey furthermore said: "The good effect of a manager's or captain's praise of a 'colt' is surprising. Both of these officials of the League clubs, almost without exception, are apt to be silent as the grave when a player makes a good point or a fine stop or catch; but the moment he fails to make an almost impossible play then comes the ill-natured snarl or the rutty growl. Harry Wright stands out alone as the only manager or captain to encourage a player with praise."

A Philadelphia scribe, in commenting on the rowdy ball playing of 1894 in the League ranks, says: "We could fill pages with evidence of the rowdyism indulged in by the majority of the League teams during the season of 1894, and that, too, if we were only to confine ourselves to the local reports of the season at Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and half a dozen other cities." As the Cleveland Leader had it, in commenting upon one of the Baltimore-Cleveland games:

"I say it with reluctance—for I have always admired Ned Hanlon's pluck—that the national game never received so severe a set-back as it did during the last Baltimore series here. The effort to spike players, the constant flow of profanity and vulgarity, the incessant and idiotic abuse of an umpire, all combined to make the Baltimore club—that local people have been led to believe was made of a crowd of earnest, honest players—thoroughly despised and detested. In ten years' experience in scoring games in Cleveland I have never heard such a torrent of vulgarity, profanity and brutal, senseless abuse heaped upon an umpire as Lynch stood from the Baltimore players upon the field here."

Similar charges against visiting teams were made by the Pittsburgh people against the Cleveland team; by the Philadelphia scribes against the Bostons, etc. In fact, proof, and plenty of it, was easily attainable from the reports from every League city during 1894, to a more or less extent.

The question apropos to this comment is, "What are you going to do about it" in 1895, Messrs. Magnates?

John Rowe, the veteran player, who was one of the "Big Four," transferred from the Buffalo club to the Detroit club, in the fall of 1885, is a firm believer in Southern trips during the preliminary season, to get the players in condition for a championship season. In speaking on that subject, he said: "The year the Detroits won the National League pennant we went South, and before the regular season opened that team had played over 40 games. In consequence we were in the acme of condition, and some of the teams nearly lost their breath when they tackled us for the first time. The men could hit like fiends, and field fast and perfect. There were no cases of 'charley horse' in our team, and as for 'glass arms,' they were not included in our outfit. It is a great thing, I tell you, and the managers who take their men into a warm climate are doing a sensible act. According to my idea the plan is to first practice until the players become limbered up, say for a week or so, before attempting to play a game. Then get in as many games as possible, without overdoing it, until the regular schedule begins, In the exhibition games the experiments can be tried out, and the men will gradually learn to play together, which means much to a club. Of course, there is more or less luck in base ball, but at the same time luck can't win alone all the time. Team-work and an agreeable manager count a long ways toward winning a pennant." We would add to the last line, that the absence of drinking and hoodlumism in the ranks is equally a necessity.

In the arena of minor leagues, in professional baseball, outside of the sectional leagues, like those of the Western, Eastern, Southern, New England and other like leagues, there is no class of minor leagues which is so much fostered as individual State leagues. Trio or duo State leagues should be avoided except in very exceptional cases. In the organization of the various minor leagues in existence, one special point has been too much neglected, and that is the importance of making the league's pennant race specially attractive by the attractive character of the honors to be won. Sectional leagues, made up of well-arranged circuits, present as good attractions in their championship honors at stake as that of the great major league, and next to these come the pennant races of State leagues. But what special object, in this respect, is there to strike for in the championships of trio or duo State leagues? None whatever. They are mere gate-money organizations, lacking all of the attractive features of sectional and State league pennant races. State leagues also possess the advantage of not interfering with the interests of the sectional leagues which include State clubs. Take any State in which professional base ball flourishes, and in the State there will be found two classes of professional clubs, viz., the one strong class, which exist in the larger cities of the State, and the weaker class which represents the smaller towns. The sectional leagues, of course, seek to attach the former to their circuits, leaving the latter eligible for State league circuits.

For many years past columns of space in papers making base ball a specialty have been occupied with long arrays of figures giving the averages of the players in the batting and fielding departments of the game. To such an extent has this feature of the annual statistics of the game been carried that the records based upon these averages have come to be regarded by the players as the primary object in view during each season's work in the field. As a result of this system those club directors and managers who have never fully examined into the merits of the subject, and who are not, therefore, aware of the fact that, as criterions of the most skilful play in each department, these averages are comparatively useless, have been led into the costly error of making their selections for their teams each season upon the basis of the figures of the players' averages, and hence the customary announcement made at the beginning of each season that "our team has the best batting average of the season." It is about time that the fallacy of this average business should be shown up in its true light and that the existing system of making out averages should be so changed as to make it some sort of a test of a player's skill in his home position, which it certainly is not now. The worst of this average business as it prevails now is that it is a powerful incentive for every player to make "playing for a record" his principal object in his season's work, and that all-important duty, "playing for the side," a matter of secondary consideration.

The cranks' title of "Giants," given years ago to the New York club's team, has become a misnomer. The team most entitled to it in 1894 was that of the Chicago club, no other club team making such a show of heavyweight players last season as did Anson's real "Giants," as will be seen by the appended record. Look at the figures of their biggest men:

——————————————————————
                       Height Weight
                       Feet Inches lbs.
——————————————————————
Schriver, catcher 5 10 185
Camp, pitcher 6 160
Anson, first base 6 1 202
L. Camp, second base 6 165
Parrott, third base 5 11 160
Clayton, short stop 6 1 180
Decker, left field 6 1 180
Lange, centre field 6 1 180
Dungan, right field 5 11 180
                         —— ——— ——
  Average 6 173
——————————————————————

How does Murphy, Fuller, Burke, Ward et al stand in weight and size compared to the above "Giants"?

Here is something worthy of note by club managers who begin to get their teams together each spring, which we clipped from the St. Louis Sporting News of last December. The editor of the News said: "The player that is on the upward path is the man for success. He is playing for something far more than the salary he gets. He is looking forward to a place in the foremost ranks of the nation's ball players. Consequently he proves to be a hard worker at all times. He tries to land his club in the top notch, and his record, for the part he took, stands out as a recommendation to all the world. On the other hand, the older player, who has made his record and is going down again, has lost all his ambition. He can put no life into the club, his ginger has been expended in the days gone by, and the people look upon him as a back number. He sticks to the profession generally for a livelihood. He wants to play so as to hold his place, but he has lost the powers that he once had, and cannot do what he would like to accomplish. The old-timers had better get a hump on themselves this year, else will the youngsters drive them out of the business."

The well-known base ball writer, Mr. Pringle, was right when he said: "It is useless to get new rules until existing ones have been rigidly enforced and tested." It is an undeniable fact that the umpires of 1894, almost without exception, failed to properly enforce the rules governing the umpire's duties. In this regard Mr. Pringle said: "The rules relating to the duties of umpires are all right. They have power to stop all rowdy conduct on the field, but the trouble has been the lack of nerve on the part of umpires to enforce the rules." This, and the fact that the presidents and directors of clubs who governed the managers and captains of teams, were largely to blame in the matter for not backing up the umpires as they should have done. The latter have arduous duties enough to discharge as it is without their finding obstacles in their way in the partisan actions of club officials who control club managers and captains. When this class supports the umpires against the club teams it will be time enough to lay the whole onus of hoodlumism in the ranks on the umpires—not until then.

A Philadelphia scribe hits the nail on the head when, in commenting on the existing abuses of kicking and dirty ball playing in the League arena, he says: "If the club owners would take the initiative in enforcing decorum upon their players, upon pain of fine or suspension, instead of shifting the burden and onus upon the umpire, the problem of order at ball games would be solved at once. But the majority of magnates and managers, while openly, hypocritically, deploring dirty ball playing, secretly wink at it and rather enjoy it, especially if their particular club secures advantages from it. The players all know this, and so do the umpires; hence the former presume upon it, while the latter weaken in their intent and desire to strictly enforce the rules. When the duty of preserving order on the field and decorum among the players is devolved upon the clubs, who represent direct authority, power and responsibility, instead of irresponsible umpires, then, and not till then will the evils complained of cease, or at least be mitigated."

Al Wright, the base ball editor of the New York Clipper, in its issue of February 15, 1895, had this noteworthy paragraph in its columns: "Frank C. Bancroft, the business manager of the Cincinnati club, in speaking about the equalization of the players of the major league teams, said: 'I am not a firm believer in the prevalent practice of selling the best men in a weak or tail-end team to one of the leading clubs, and register a vigorous kick against it. My plan is that the National League shall pass a rule forbidding the sale of a player from a club in the second division, to a club in the first division. I think this would, in a measure, prevent some of the hustling to dispose of a clever man for the sake of the cash that is in the trade. There is certainly some good arguments in the idea, and not one against it. The clubs of the second division have been too willing to dispose of their best men for a decent cash consideration, and the damage that has been done to the game is incalculable.'"

A young Brooklyn writer, in commenting on the threatened war on the reserve rule which Messrs. Richter, Pfeffer, Buckenberger and Barnie were active in promoting, said: "Since the National League and American Association amalgamated at Indianapolis in 1892 the League has not been a glorious success." The reply to this is a statement of fact which contradicts the above assertion very flatly. The reorganized National League started its new career in the spring of 1892 with an indebtedness, resulting from the base ball war of 1891, of over $150,000. At the close of the season of 1892 it had partially redeemed its heavy indebtedness, and by the close of the season of 1893 it had paid the debt off in full, and it closed the season of 1894 with a majority of its clubs having a surplus in their treasuries, and that, too, despite the hardest kind of times of financial depression. If this is not a glorious success, pray what is?

A Pittsburgh scribe, in commenting on the dead failure of the scheme to organize a new American Association, one object of which was to levy war upon the now permanently established rule of the National Agreement clubs, very pointedly said last winter that "such a scheme would be folly of the maddest kind. There is not a good reason, theoretical or practical, sentimental or otherwise, in support of it. The success of base ball, to a very great extent, depends on public sentiment, and we have seen what a base ball war did to that sentiment four years ago. There is one solid basis for all base ball organizations, and that is the reserve rule. The proposed organization ignores this fundamental and necessary principle, and consequently can only be compared to that foolish man who built a house on sand."

During the decade of the eighties the League's code of rules had this special clause in it:

"Any player who shall be in any way interested in any bet or wager on the game in which he takes part, either as a player, umpire, or scorer, shall be suspended from legal service as a member of any professional Association club for the season during which he shall have violated this rule."

The question is, Why was this important and much-needed rule taken from the code?

No player can play ball as he should do who is personally interested in any bet on the content he is engaged in; that is a fact too true to be contradicted. Independent of this fact, too. Experience has plainly shown that the step of betting on a game he plays in is but a short one from accepting bribes to lose a game. The rule should long ago have been replaced in the code.

The Cleveland Leader says: "The patrons of the game have begun to realize the true inwardness of scientific batting, as shown in the securing of single bases by well-timed place hits, safe taps of swiftly-pitched balls to short outfield, and skilful efforts in sacrifice hitting and bunting, every such hit forwarding a run or sending a run in. Of course, to occupants of the bleaching boards, as a rule, the great attraction is the long hit for a home run, which is made at the cost of a 120-yards sprint, and at the loss of all chances for skilful fielding. But to the best judges of scientific batting the safe tap of the swiftly pitched ball, the well-judged bunt or the effort to make a safe hit to right field, which, if it fails, at least yields a sacrifice hit, is far more attractive than the old rut of slugging for home runs and making fungo hits to the outfielders."

There is something to fight for in the winning of a State league's championship honors, while there is little or nothing at stake in a trio or duo State league. Suppose each State had a four or six club circuit, and at the close of its season, each August or September, what a paying series of October games could be arranged in the Southern section of the country in October for a grand championship series for the prize of leading all the State leagues of the country for the honors of the champion pennant of State league organizations? By all means let State leagues be organized, until every State in the Union—North, South, East and West—has its representative State league.

The fickle nature of base ball "rooters" was conspicuously shown at the Polo Grounds in 1894. At the end of the June campaign, when the New York "Giants" stood sixth in the race, Ward's stock among the local "cranks" and "rooters," stood below par; at the close of the July campaign, however, that same stock was at a premium; and yet it was the same John M. Ward at the head of the "Giants." In May there were "none so poor to do him reverence." In August, John was carried off the field a hero. Of such are the "cranks" and "rooters."

A Toronto paper says: "Spalding Brothers will present to the champion club of all regularly organized base ball leagues, junior or senior, in Canada, a valuable flag, 11x28, pennant shaped, made of serviceable white bunting, red lettered, and valued at $20. The flags will be forwarded, duty free, immediately after the season closes. Each league must consist of four or more clubs, and each club must play not less than 12 championship games." This is a good plan to encourage the game on foreign soil. It has worked well in England and Australia, too.

Among the magnates of the League who could be seen at nearly all of the home games of the twelve clubs during the past season were the Boston triumvirate, Messrs. Soden, Conant and Billings; the irrepressible Charley Byrne, of Brooklyn; the handsome Vonderhorst, of Baltimore; the smiling Eddie Talcott, of New York; the noted "Philadelphia lawyer" Rogers, of Philadelphia; the "Boss Manager" Von der Ahe, of St. Louis; the energetic Kerr, of Pittsburgh, and Al Spalding's successor, President Hart, of Chicago.

The Louisville team was a strong one as regards its individual players. But it lacked harmony in its ranks and suffered from cliques. With two ex-captains in its team, besides the one who ran it, but little else could be expected. Ambitious ex-captains are obstacles in the way of successful management of a team. One regular captain should be the rule, with an acknowledged lieutenant—a pair like Comiskey and Latham, who worked the old St. Louis "Browns" up to being four-time winners of pennant honors.

It is a noteworthy fact that Anson has been manager and captain of the Chicago club's teams since 1877, and from that year to this he has taken his team to the goal of the championship five years of the six the club won the pennant, A.G. Spalding being the manager in 1876, the first year the club won the honors. Fifteen successive years of management in one club beats the League's records in that respect.

[Illustration: P. T. POWERS, President Eastern League.]
[Illustration: Yale Team, '94.][Illustration: Harvard Team, '94.]
[Illustration: University of Pennsylvania Team, '94.]
[Illustration: Princeton Team, '94.]

#EASTERN LEAGUE SCHEDULE.# —————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————- ……………. May 29, 30, 30 June 6, 7, 8 Toronto ……………. June 17, 18, 19 July 6, 8 ……………. July 15, 16 Aug. 14, 15, 16 —————————————————————————————————- May 24, 24 ……………. June 1, 3, 4 Buffalo May 31, July 1,2 ……………. July 9, 10 Sept. 11, 12, 14 ……………. Aug 17, 19, 20 —————————————————————————————————— June 10, 11, 12 June 13, 14, 15 ……………. Rochester July 12, 13 July 4, 4 ……………. Aug. 24, 26, 27 Aug 21, 22, 23 ……………. —————————————————————————————————- June 13, 14, 15 June 10, 11, 12 May 29, 30, 30 Syracuse July 9, 10 July 12, 13 July 1, 2 Aug. 21, 22, 23 Aug 24, 26, 27 Sept. 10, 11, 15 —————————————————————————————————- Wilkes- May 16, 17, 18 May 13, 14, 15 May 23, 25, 27 Barre July 26, 27 July 24, 25 July 20, 22 Sept. 3, 4, 5 Sept. 6, 7, 9 Aug 28, 29, 30 —————————————————————————————————- May 13, 14, 15 May 16, 17, 18 May 20, 21, 22 Scranton July 24, 25 July 26, 27 July 18, 19 Aug. 31, Sep. 2,2 Aug. 28, 29, 30 Sept. 6, 7, 9 —————————————————————————————————- Spring- May 20, 21, 22 May 23, 25, 27 May 13, 14, 15 field July 20, 22 July 18, 19 July 26, 27 Aug. 28, 29, 30 Aug. 31, Sep.2, 2 Sept. 3, 4, 5 —————————————————————————————————- Provi- May 23, 25, 27 May 20, 21, 22 May 16, 17, 18 dence July 18, 19 July 20, 22 July 24, 25 Sept. 6, 7, 9 Sept. 3, 4, 5 A'g 31, Sep. 2, 2 —————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————-

—————————————————————————————————- June 1, 3, 4 May 6, 7, 8 May 9, 10, 11 Toronto July 4, 4 June 21, 22 June 24, 25 Aug. 17, 19, 20 Aug. 10, 12, 13 Aug. 7, 8, 9 —————————————————————————————————- June 6, 7, 8 May 9, 10, 11 May 6, 7, 8 Buffalo July 6, 8 June 24, 25 June 21, 22 Aug. 14, 15, 16 Aug 7, 8, 9 Aug 10, 12, 13 —————————————————————————————————- June 17, 18, 19 Apr. 29, 30, May 1 May 2, 3, 4 Rochester July 15, 16 June 28, 29 June 26, 27 Sept. 12, 13, 14 July 30, 31 Ag. 1 Aug 2, 3, 5 —————————————————————————————————- ……………. May 2, 3, 4 Apr. 29, 30, May 1 Syracuse ……………. June 26, 27 June 28, 29 ……………. Aug 2, 3, 5 July 30, 31 Ag. 1 —————————————————————————————————- Wilkes- May 20, 21, 22 ……………. July 1, 3, 4 Barre July 18, 19 ……………. July 4, 4 Aug. 31, Sep. 2,2 ……………. Aug 14, 15, 16 —————————————————————————————————- May 23, 25, 27 May 29, 30, 30 ……………. Scranton July 20, 22 July 1, 2 ……………. Sept. 3, 4, 5 Aug. 17, 19, 20 ……………. —————————————————————————————————- Spring- May 16, 17, 18 June 6, 7, 8 June 10, 11, 12 field July 24, 25 July 15, 16 July 12, 13 Sept. 6, 7, 9 Sept. 13, 14, 15 Sept. 10, 11, 12 —————————————————————————————————- Provi- May 13, 14, 15 June 10, 11, 12 June 6, 7, 8 dence July 26, 27 July 12, 13 July 15, 16 Aug. 28, 29, 30 Sept. 10, 11, 12 Sept. 13, 14, 15 —————————————————————————————————-

———————————————————————— Apr 29, 30, May 1 May 2, 3, 4 Toronto June 28, 29 June 26, 27 Aug. 2, 3, 5 July. 30, 31 Ag.1 ———————————————————————— May 2, 3, 4 Ap. 29, 30, May 1 Buffalo June 26, 27 June 28, 29 July. 30, 31 Ag.1 Aug. 2, 3, 5 ———————————————————————— May 9, 10, 11 May 6, 7, 8 Rochester June 24, 25 June 21, 22 Aug 10, 12, 13 Aug 7, 8, 9 ———————————————————————— May 6, 7, 8 May 9, 10, 11 Syracuse June 21, 22 June 24, 25 Aug 7, 8, 9 Aug 10, 12, 13 ———————————————————————— Wilkes- June 17, 18 19 June 13, 14, 15 Barre July 6, 8 July 9, 10 Aug. 21, 22, 23 Aug. 24, 26, 27 ———————————————————————— June 13, 14, 15 June 17, 18 19 Scranton July 9, 10 July 6, 8 Aug. 24, 26, 27 Aug. 21, 22, 23 ———————————————————————— Spring- ……………. May 29, 30, 30 field ……………. July 4, 4 ……………. Aug. 17, 18, 20 ———————————————————————— Provi- June 1, 3, 4 ……………. dence July 1, 2 ……………. Aug. 14, 15, 16 ……………. ————————————————————————

#THE EASTERN LEAGUE.#

The cities composing the Eastern League circuit are Toronto, Canada;
Buffalo, N.Y.; Rochester, N.Y.; Syracuse, N.Y.; Providence, R.I.;
Springfield, Mass.; Scranton,, Pa., and Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

The officers are; P.T. Powers, President, Secretary and Treasurer; headquarters, A.G. Spalding & Bros., 126 Nassau St., New York.

Board of Directors: James Franklin, Buffalo; George N. Kuntzsch,
Syracuse; William H. Draper, Providence, and E.F. Bogert, Wilkes-Barre.

The base ball magnates of the Eastern League held their annual schedule meeting at the Fifth Avenue Hotel March 13th.

These delegates were present: President P.T. Powers, James Franklin and
Charles H. Morton, Buffalo ; E.A. Johnson and John M. Battey,
Providence; Charles F. Leimgruber and J.C. Chapman, Rochester; William
Barnie, Scranton; I.E. Sanborn and Thomas E. Burns, Springfield; George
N. Kuntzsch, Syracuse; William Stark and Charles Maddock, Toronto;
E.F. Bogert, L.W. Long and Dan Shannon, Wilkes-Barre.

The League has a great staff of umpires for this season, as will be seen from the following list appointed at the meeting: Tim C. Hurst, of Ashland, Pa.; Herman Doescher, of Binghamton; John H. Gaffney, of Worcester, and Charles N. Snyder, of Washington. It was voted to increase the staff to five, and President Powers will sign another umpire. He will also keep a number of reserve men in readiness to fill in as substitutes in place of local men, as formerly.

The constitution was subjected to a few minor changes, the most important being the change of date for the payment of the guarantee to finish the season ($250 per club) from May 1st to April 15th.

John Depinet, of Erie, and Lawrence T. Fassett, of Albany, were elected honorary members of the League, with all privileges of games, etc.

The Eastern League adopted the Spalding League Ball as the Official Ball for 1895, and it will be used in all League games.

THE RECORDS MADE BY EACH PLAYER IN BATTING AND FIELDING ACCORDING TO OFFICIAL FIGURES—THE AVERAGES OF THE CLUBS.

Sheehan of Springfield leads the entire batting list with the fat percentage of .416. Patchen of Scranton was second with .392, and Mulvey of Allentown-Yonkers was third, .391. All three of these are ahead of Drauby's record, .379, which led the Eastern League the previous year. Rudderham led the pitchers in fielding his position.

The club averages are significant. They show that the Providence champions turned up third in batting, and led the list in fielding. Thus they deserved to win, for the Springfields, second in batting, are third in fielding, tied with Troy; and Buffalo, first in batting, comes sixth in fielding. Scranton and Yonkers see-saw on the tail end. Wilkes-Barre is below the centre of the heap in both fielding and batting. In fact, the sum up of club averages in stick work and field work indicates that the clubs finished about as they deserved. The figures will give opportunity for a couple of hours study.

—————————————————————————————————————- 1 2 s n t d P A e G t B B r a R a a c m B u s s e e a n e e n s t s s s t NO. NAME. CLUB. . . . . . . —————————————————————————————————————- 1 Sheehan Springfield 32 144 31 60 2 .415 2 Parchen Scranton 32 135 15 53 5 .392 3 Mulvey Yonkers 22 92 13 36 2 .391 4 Kelley Yonkers 15 61 11 23 2 .377 5 P. Sweeney Yonkers 21 86 21 33 3 .372 6 Knight Wilkes-Barre and Providence 113 493 108 183 34 .371 7 Bassett Providence 109 484 125 178 32 .367 8 Smith Buffalo 24 96 14 35 3 .364 Rafter Binghamton and Syracuse 43 184 31 67 14 .364 10 Minnehan Syracuse 115 504 95 182 11 .361 11 O'Brien Binghamton 15 61 9 22 0 .360 12 Griffin Buffalo and Syracuse 106 465 103 167 14 .359 13 Raymond Binghamton 22 92 23 33 4 .358 14 Vickery Buffalo and Springfield 54 199 47 70 8 .356 15 Shearon Erie 103 145 108 158 23 .355 16 Dowse Binghamton, Buffalo, and 88 355 76 126 5 .354 Troy 17 Power Binghamton and Syracuse 79 328 72 116 15 .353 18 Collins Buffalo 125 562 126 198 18 .352 19 Drauby Buffalo 97 436 126 153 12 .350 20 Shannon Wilkes-Barre 77 347 77 121 21 .348 21 Nadeau Springfield 110 469 128 162 30 .345 22 Field Erie 109 436 71 150 16 .344 Sweeney Binghamton 27 116 21 40 0 .344 24 Campfield Wilkes-Barre 29 94 20 32 1 .340 Dixon Providence 80 320 58 109 33 .340 26 Rogers Providence 112 492 97 167 37 .339 27 Lytle Wilkes-Barre and Binghamton 101 479 115 162 39 .338 Carr Binghamton 15 71 13 24 2 .338 29 Weddige Buffalo 21 86 19 29 1 .337 Wood Yonkers 22 86 21 29 2 .337 31 Lynch Springfield 110 469 127 158 44 .336 Kilroy Syracuse 30 98 22 33 8 .336 Clymer Buffalo 121 523 97 176 36 .336 34 Lyons Providence 108 511 131 171 37 .334 Johnson Troy and Scranton 111 463 221 155 14 .334 Bottenus Springfield 110 440 111 147 22 .334 Betts Wilkes-Barre 107 463 114 155 21 .334 38 Gillen Wilkes-Barre 106 417 89 139 17 .333 Nicholson Erie 105 453 115 151 71 .333 40 Lewee Buffalo 71 262 56 87 3 .332 41 Breckenridge Troy and Springfield 113 440 98 146 11 .331 Lally Erie 108 458 78 152 8 .331 43 O'Brien Buffalo 60 276 77 91 14 .329 Payne Syracuse and Binghamton 52 197 37 65 5 .329 45 Cahill Scranton and Troy 91 402 73 132 26 .328 46 Scheffler Troy and Springfield 111 459 138 150 29 .326 47 Friel Binghamton, Scranton, & 60 251 58 81 17 .322 Springfield Pickett Troy 71 304 54 98 12 .322 Hoffer Buffalo 76 282 63 91 5 .322 50 Lezotte Wilkes-Barre 78 336 73 108 8 .321 51 Shannon Springfield 109 493 115 158 15 .320 52 Gore Binghamton 48 191 46 61 5 .319 53 Boyd Buffalo 82 339 76 105 10 .318 54 Berger Erie 67 255 50 80 3 .313 " Urquhart Buffalo 101 402 80 126 7 .313 56 Bausewein Syracuse 44 146 8 45 4 .308 " Demont Buffalo, Bingh'ton & Scranton 36 146 31 45 4 .308 " Burns Springfield 36 146 27 45 7 .308 59 Daly Buffalo 82 336 82 103 7 .306 60 Hoover Syracuse and Scranton 83 344 74 105 21 .305 61 Warner Wilkes-Barre 97 387 71 118 17 .304 62 Barnett Binghamton and Syracuse 42 132 23 40 2 .303 " Hanrahan Binghamton and Syracuse 54 221 36 67 4 .303 64 J. Hess Wilkes-Barre and Scranton 78 348 72 105 8 .301 65 T. Hess Syracuse 98 381 64 114 6 .299 66 Gunson Erie 64 261 40 78 2 .298 67 Whitehead Binghamton and Scranton 30 131 28 39 8 .297 68 Welch Syracuse 108 422 111 125 81 .296 " Eagan Syracuse 111 435 97 129 30 .296 70 Cross Syracuse 69 247 62 73 34 .295 " Duryea Binghamton and Yonkers 53 190 24 56 6 .295 " Heine Binghamton and Buffalo 50 203 35 60 8 .295 73 Simon Troy and Syracuse 114 485 123 143 22 .294 " Faatz Syracuse 25 102 15 30 0 .294 75 Donnelly Troy and Springfield 83 361 91 104 15 .288 " Wilson Syracuse 27 104 18 30 1 .288 " Pettit Providence and Wilkes-Barre 78 368 65 106 12 .288 78 Conley Syracuse 62 247 30 71 9 .287 " Brown Wilkes-Barre 54 233 28 67 2 .287 80 Keenan Wilkes-Barre 47 175 24 50 1 .286 81 Gruber Troy and Springfield 45 151 33 40 0 .284 82 Stearns Wilkes-Barre and Buffalo 76 307 76 37 14 .283 " Lehane Scranton and Springfield 99 386 67 110 5 .283 84 Stricker Providence 108 436 88 123 52 .282 " Cooney Providence 98 422 68 119 28 .282 86 Delaney Binghamton and Scranton 51 188 35 53 6 .281 87 Mack Binghamton 66 272 62 76 10 .278 88 Van Dyke Erie 108 434 66 120 36 .276 89 Leahy Springfield 101 423 96 116 30 .274 90 Bott Buffalo 18 66 11 13 2 .272 91 Healy Erie 37 137 21 37 0 .270 92 McGinness Erie 27 89 11 24 1 .269 93 Smith Erie 108 432 102 115 19 .266 94 Murray Providence 109 430 80 112 68 .260 95 Murphy Troy 29 116 11 30 1 .258 " Johnson Buffalo 51 213 31 55 13 .258 97 Rogers Scranton 21 82 10 21 1 .256 98 Kuehne Erie 106 427 64 109 13 .255 99 McCauley Providence 53 197 33 50 27 .253 100 Phelan Scranton 26 103 20 26 8 .252 101 Wise Yonkers 20 80 14 20 7 .250 " Dolan Binghamton and Springfield 25 84 12 21 0 .250 103 Egan Providence 35 105 25 26 9 .247 104 McMahon Wilkes-Barre 99 393 43 97 4 .246 105 Lovett Providence 16 62 7 15 0 .241 106 Donovan Scranton, Troy and Yonkers 34 121 12 29 4 .289 107 Sullivan Providence 40 155 23 37 10 .238 108 Smith Troy and Scranton 108 421 67 97 1 .230 108 Coughlin Springfield 49 178 26 41 1 .230 110 Messitt Springfield 82 112 20 25 2 .228 111 Meekin Troy and Wilkes-Barre 39 135 28 30 4 .222 112 Fisher Buffalo 17 60 5 18 3 .216 112 W. Sweeney Yonkers 20 74 7 16 2 .216 114 Costello Yonkers 22 86 9 18 1 .209 115 Marshall Binghamton 17 62 10 19 0 .206 116 Quarles Wilkes-Barre and Scranton 35 127 16 26 2 .204 117 Blackburn Wilkes-Barre and Scranton 18 66 9 13 0 .196 118 Kilroy Yonkers 17 64 10 12 4 .187 119 Connors Binghamton 19 75 12 14 1 .186 120 Lang Binghamton 16 59 19 11 7 .183 121 Herndon Erie 47 189 21 29 1 .182 122 Lohbeck Binghamton 42 160 20 29 7 .181 123 Phillips Troy 15 59 8 10 1 .169 124 Rudderham Providence 30 105 7 17 2 .161 —————————————————————————————————————-

PITCHERS' FIELDING AVERAGES.
———————————————————————————————————
                                                     P A P
                                                     u s E e
                                                 G t s r r
                                                 a i r c
                                                 m O s o e
                                                 e u t r n
                                                 s t s s t
No. Name. Club. . . . . .
———————————————————————————————————
  1 Rudderham Providence 30 9 46 1 .982
  2 Lovett Providence 16 7 38 1 .975
  3 Bausewein Syracuse 41 14 60 3 .960
  4 Sullivan Providence 39 8 72 4 .952
  5 Campfield Wilkes-Barre 29 8 49 3 .949
  6 Hoffer Buffalo 57 39 92 8 .942
  6 Vickery Buffalo and Springfield 52 26 122 9 .942
  6 Bott Buffalo 18 3 46 3 .942
  9 Keenan Wilkes-Barre 38 29 64 6 .939
10 McGinnis Erie 27 6 52 4 .935
11 Gruber Troy and Springfield 45 7 77 7 .931
12 Duryea Binghamton and Yonkers 40 36 65 9 .918
13 Blackburn Scranton and Wilkes-Barre 17 8 25 3 .916
14 Coughlin Springfield 45 19 79 9 .915
15 Meekin Troy and Wilkes-Barre 39 29 63 9 .910
16 Donovan Troy, Scranton and Yonkers 34 14 55 7 .907
17 Fisher Buffalo 17 6 23 3 .906
18 Fagan Providence 20 9 65 8 .902
19 Herndon Erie 46 23 61 10 .896
20 Marshall Binghamton 13 3 23 3 .896
21 Quarles Wilkes-Barre and Scranton 33 13 64 9 .895
22 Dolan Binghamton and Springfield 25 4 34 5 .886
23 Healy Erie 34 14 63 16 .885
24 Delaney Binghamton and Scranton 50 21 80 12 .884
25 Kilroy Syracuse 27 20 56 10 .883
26 Barnett Binghamton and Syracuse 42 4 86 12 .852
27 Payne Syracuse and Binghamton 18 9 19 10 .736
——————————————————————————————————-

CATCHERS' AVERAGES.
——————————————————————————————————
                                                     P A P
                                                     u s E e
                                                G t s r r
                                                a i r c
                                                m O s o e
                                                e u t r n
                                                s t s s t
No. Name. Club. . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————
  1 Lohbeck Binghamton 42 138 30 6 .965
  2 Gunson Erie 54 157 46 8 .962
  3 Berger Erie 58 180 45 9 .961
  4 Dixon Providence 63 241 48 12 .960
  5 Cahill Troy and Scranton 51 161 51 11 .950
  6 Urquhart Buffalo 83 321 74 22 .947
  7 Warner Wilkes-Barre 97 317 71 22 .946
  8 Wilson Syracuse 20 71 26 6 .941
  9 Leahy Springfield 95 321 76 25 .940
10 Murphy Troy 24 83 10 6 .939
11 Hess Syracuse 89 253 54 22 .933
12 McCauley Providence 53 136 47 23 .913
13 Boyd Buffalo 61 226 37 28 .903
14 Rafter Binghamton and Syracuse 43 128 40 20 .893
15 Patchen Scranton 32 114 20 17 .887
—————————————————————————————————————-

SHORT STOP AVERAGES.
——————————————————————————————————
                                                     P A P
                                                     u s E e
                                                G t s r r
                                                a i r c
                                                m O s o e
                                                e u t r n
                                                s t s s t
No. Name. Club. . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————
  1 Demont Binghamton and Buffalo 29 68 117 23 .898
  1 Shannon Springfield 109 245 454 90 .898
  3 Cooney Providence 98 148 331 55 .897
  4 Smith Erie 106 205 429 75 .894
  5 W. Sweeney Yonkers 20 40 78 14 .893
  6 Lewee Buffalo 71 146 269 50 .892
  6 Smith Troy and Scranton 108 139 332 57 .892
  8 Cross Syracuse 69 172 275 60 .881
  9 Hanrahan Syracuse and Binghamton 54 65 166 35 .870
10 McMahon Wilkes-Barre 99 218 402 98 .863
11 Johnson Buffalo 49 70 144 39 .845
12 Lang Binghamton 16 20 52 14 .837
13 Heine Binghamton and Buffalo 35 75 103 35 .835
—————————————————————————————————————-

FIRST BASE AVERAGES.
——————————————————————————————————
                                                     P A P
                                                     u s E e
                                                G t s r r
                                                a i r c
                                                m O s o e
                                                e u t r n
                                                s t s s t
No. Name. Club. . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————
  1 Brown Wilkes-Barre 54 578 30 10 .983
  2 Breckenridge Troy and Springfield 113 1133 37 22 .981
  2 Field Erie 109 1092 56 22 .981
  2 Kelly Yonkers 12 96 11 2 .981
  5 Lehane Springfield and Scranton 98 938 64 20 .980
  6 Rogers Providence 109 970 42 25 .975
  7 Power Binghamton and Syracuse 79 728 37 20 .974
  8 Drauby Buffalo 46 455 21 14 .971
  8 Faatz Syracuse 25 235 4 7 .971
10 Conley Syracuse 62 569 15 19 .968
11 Stearns Buffalo and Wilkes-Barre 76 774 24 30 .945
12 Sweeney Binghamton 23 215 9 15 .937
—————————————————————————————————————-

SECOND BASE AVERAGES.
——————————————————————————————————
                                                     P A P
                                                     u s E e
                                                G t s r r
                                                a i r c
                                                m O s o e
                                                e u t r n
                                                s t s s t
No. Name. Club. . . . . .
——————————————————————————————————
  1 Stricker Providence 108 341 308 30 .955
  2 Wise Yonkers 20 76 79 8 .950
  3 Lynch Springfield 20 70 59 7 .948
  3 Pickett Troy 71 241 197 24 .948
  5 Eagan Syracuse 111 364 362 40 .947
  6 Clymer Buffalo 54 159 171 21 .940
  7 Nicholson Erie 105 321 300 42 .937
  8 Cahill Troy and Scranton 28 75 78 11 .932
  9 Burns Springfield 36 104 82 14 .930
10 O'Brien Buffalo 60 192 162 28 .926
10 Mack Binghamton 66 185 206 31 .926
12 Smith Buffalo 13 36 31 7 .905
13 Shannon Wilkes-Barre 77 168 221 41 .904
—————————————————————————————————————-

THIRD BASE AVERAGES.
———————————————————————————————————-
                                                     P A P
                                                     u s E e
                                                G t s r r
                                                a i r c
                                                m O s o e
                                                e u t r n
                                                s t s s t
No. Name. Club. . . . . .
———————————————————————————————————-
  1 Bassett Providence 109 183 290 46 .911
  2 Kuehne Erie 106 154 265 41 .910
  3 Minnehan Syracuse 111 165 251 45 .902
  4 Donnelly Troy and Springfield 83 123 207 36 .901
  5 Whitehead Binghamton and Scranton 30 43 61 13 .888
  6 Smith Troy 16 14 41 7 .887
  6 Lynch Springfield 87 203 223 54 .887
  8 Dowse Buffalo, Troy and Binghamton 67 97 146 36 .870
  9 Mulvey Yonkers 22 35 44 12 .858
10 Gillen Wilkes-Barre 106 127 216 67 .836
11 O'Brien Binghamton 15 20 15 9 .818
12 Phelan Scranton 29 19 31 12 .806
13 Raymond Binghamton 22 24 42 17 .795
14 Weddige Buffalo 14 16 20 11 .765
—————————————————————————————————————-

FIELDERS' AVERAGES.
———————————————————————————————————-
                                                     P A P
                                                     u s E e
                                                G t s r r
                                                a i r c
                                                m O s o e
                                                e u t r n
                                                s t s s t
No. Name. Club. . . . . .
———————————————————————————————————-
  1 Clymer Buffalo 61 152 11 4 .976
  2 Drauby Buffalo 37 67 5 5 .960
  2 Welch Syracuse 108 225 19 10 .960
  4 Lyons Providence 108 294 27 14 .956
  4 Gore Binghamton 48 99 10 5 .956
  6 Simon Syracuse and Troy 114 265 15 13 .955
  7 Scheffler Troy and Springfield 112 175 23 12 .942
  8 Hoffer Buffalo 19 45 3 3 .941
  9 Collins Buffalo 125 299 34 21 .940
10 Wood Yonkers 22 42 3 3 .937
11 Griffin Buffalo and Syracuse 106 178 13 13 .936
12 Lally Erie 108 239 17 18 .934
13 Knight Wilkes-Barre and Providence 113 307 13 24 .930
14 Van Dyke Erie 108 219 23 20 .923
15 Johnson Troy and Scranton 111 312 24 31 .915
16 Betts Wilkes-Barre 107 302 23 31 .912
17 Shearon Erie 103 163 21 18 .910
18 Payne Binghamton and Syracuse 47 58 9 7 .905
19 Bottenus Springfield 110 267 6 31 .898
20 Daly Buffalo 82 137 17 18 .895
21 Murray Providence 108 144 26 21 .890
22 Lezotte Wilkes-Barre 63 112 7 15 .888
22 Carr Binghamton 15 32 2 4 .888
24 Connors Binghamton 19 37 2 5 .886
25 Hess Wilkes-Barre and Scranton 74 136 8 20 .878
26 Nadeau Springfield 85 187 17 30 .871
27 Lytle Wilkes-Barre and Binghamton 87 196 34 36 .864
28 Hoover Syracuse and Scranton 83 152 12 27 .858
29 Friel Spr'gf'ld, Binham'n, Scranton 60 96 5 11 .857
30 Pettit Providence and Wilkes-Barre 57 98 5 12 .830
31 Rogers Scranton 18 32 2 7 .829
32 P. Sweeney Yonkers 17 34 4 8 .825
33 Costello Yonkers 13 28 2 7 .810
34 Sheehan Springfield 32 36 6 7 .728
—————————————————————————————————————-

CLUB BATTING AVERAGES.
———————————————————————-
                    A B S P
                    t a t e
                              s o B r
                    B R e H l a C
                    a u i e s e
                    t n t n e n
                    s s s s t
No. CLUB. . . . . .
———————————————————————-
  1 Buffalo 4630 1022 1500 154 .323
  2 Springfield 4004 942 1268 184 .316
  3 Providence 4210 842 1306 365 .310
  4 Syracuse 4092 814 1260 186 .307
  5 Binghamton 3018 585 919 128 .304
  6 Wilkesbarre 3949 773 1196 136 .302
  6 Erie 4018 751 1214 194 .302
  8 Troy 2775 588 821 97 .295
  9 Scranton 1269 200 372 154 .293
10 Yonkers 735 118 220 28 .288
—————————————————————————————————————-

CLUB FIELDING AVERAGES.
——————————————————————————————-
                                                         P
                                         P A e
                                         u s E r
                                         t s r
                                               i r C
                                         O s o e
                                         u t r n
                                         t s s t
No. CLUB. . . . .
——————————————————————————————-
1 Providence 2825 1357 257 .942
2 Erie 2776 1399 281 .936
3 Troy 1968 940 194 .934
3 Springfield 2779 1286 285 .934
5 Syracuse 2754 1380 310 .930
6 Buffalo 3011 1442 369 .923
7 Wilkes-Barre 2457 1191 354 .918
8 Binghamton 1916 967 276 .916
9 Yonkers 410 263 68 .902
10 Scranton 794 357 138 .892
—————————————————————————————————————-

This is the twentieth year of the existence of the National League, and in all that time but four members of the League have occupied the presidential chair, viz., Morgan G. Bulkeley, ex-Governor of Connecticut; the last W.A. Hulbert; A.G. Mills, the leading spirit of the great New York Athletic Club, and N.E. Young, the present highly-esteemed and worthy President of the League. Mr. Bulkeley served during 1876; Mr. Hulbert from 1876 to his death in 1882; Mr. Mills from that date up to 1884, when business requirements led to his resignation, and Mr. Young since then. From the organization of the National League in 1876 to the day of his death, Mr. Hulbert was the great moving spirit in the reforms in the government of the professional clubs of the country, which marked the period from 1876 to the eighties. It was his influence, largely, which led to the war upon the "crookedness" which marked the early years of professional base ball history, in which pool gambling was the potent factor. It took years of cohesive and even arbitrary legislation to eliminate the poison of the pool rooms from the professional system, but success was finally achieved, and to the late President Hulbert and his able coadjutors in the League does the credit of this success belong. During the League regime, under President Mills, the great union safety compact, known as the National Agreement, sprang into existence, and its author—Mr. Mills—at this day has reason to be proud of the good work he did for professional ball playing, and for the benefit of the game at large, in the perfecting of this bond of union between the reputable clubs of the professional fraternity. The wisdom of the measure, as a protection against the abuses of "revolving" and "contract breaking," has been very strikingly shown by court decisions which oblige professional clubs to depend entirely upon base ball law, and not the common law, for the preservation of their club rights in contracting with players for their services on the field. Since Mr. Mills left the League arena he has done most efficient service in conserving the best interests of the New York Athletic Club and those of the clubs of the Amateur Athletic Union at large.

The great master of League records, and the whilom Secretary of the League since its organization, Mr. Young, is known throughout the entire base ball world, alike for the integrity of his character, the geniality of his disposition and the marked industry and persevering application which has characterized the discharge of his onerous official duties.

It is well known that "Old Nick" is frequently alluded to in daily life as the arch-fiend of the world; but the Old Nick of the base ball arena presents a character the very opposite in every respect of his devilish namesake—the one being the spirit of evil, and the other the spirit of honor and good nature. Long may he live to honor the position and uphold the reformation in the base ball world which his predecessors so creditably originated and supported.

Mr. Young is a native of Amsterdam, N.Y. He was but a mere boy at the outbreak of the war between the States, but he was game to the core and among the first from his home country to enlist in the Union service. Just before the war he appeared as an athletic young fellow with muscles that would have done credit to one as large again as he was. He was looked on as the best cricket player in the section of the country in which he lived, playing frequently on elevens which had besides himself George and Harry Wright as members. You should hear Nick relate anecdotes of his career as a cricketer. At the close of the war Mr. Young made Washington his residence, and securing a position in the Second Auditor's Department, being an excellent accountant, he has occupied his position through several administrations. From cricket he became interested in the national game of base ball, and eventually, in connection with Mr. A.G. Mills, he started the old Olympic club of Washington, and then it was that he took the field again. In 1871 he was elected Secretary of the old "National Association of Base Ball Players"—not of clubs, but of players—and in 1884, he succeeded Mr. Mills as President of the National League, which organization succeeded the National Association, which had become rotten.

[Illustration: CORRECT DIAGRAM OF A BALL FIELD.
NOTE. For Specifications see Rules from No. 2 to No. 13.]

THE PLAYING RULES OF PROFESSIONAL BASE * BALL * CLUBS

As adopted by the National League and American
Association of Professional Base
Ball Clubs.

THE BALL GROUND.

RULE 1. The Ground must be an inclosed field, sufficient in size to enable each player to play in his position as required by these Rules.

RULE 2. To lay off the lines governing the positions and play off the
Game known as Base Ball, proceed as follows:

From a point, A, within the grounds, project a right line out into the field, and at a point, B, 154 feet from point A, lay off lines BC and BD at right angles to the line AB; then with B as centre and 63.63945 feet as radius, describe arcs cutting the lines BA at F and BC at G; BD at H ; and BE at I. Draw lines FG, GE, EH and HF, and said lines will be the containing lines of the Diamond or Infield.

THE CATCHER'S LINES.

RULE 3. With F as centre and 90 feet radius, an arc cutting line FA at L, and draw lines LM and LO at right angles to FA; and continue same out from FA not less than 90 feet.

THE FOUL LINE.

RULE 4. From the intersection point, F, continue the straight lines FG and FH until they intersect with the lines LM and LI, and then from the points G and H in the opposite direction until they reach the boundary lines of the grounds.

THE PLAYERS' LINES.

RULE 5. With F as centre and 50 feet radius, describe arcs cutting lines FO and EM at P and Q, then with F as centre again and 75 feet radius describe arcs cutting FG and FH at R and S; then from the points P Q R and S draw lines at right angles to the lines FO, FM, FG, and FH, and continue same until they intersect at the points T W and W.

THE CAPTAIN AND COACHERS' LINE.

RULE 6. With R and S as centres and 15 feet radius, describe arcs cutting lines RW and ST at X and Y, and from the points X and Y draw lines parallel with lines FH and FG, and continue same out to the boundary lines of the ground.

THE THREE FOOT LINE.

RULE 7. With F as centre and 45 feet radius, describe an arc cutting line FG at 1, and from 1 out to the distance of 3 feet draw a line at right angles to FG, and marked point 2; then from point 2, draw a line parallel with the line FG to a point 3 feet beyond the point G, and marked 3; then from the point 3 draw a line at right angles to line 2, 3, back to and intersecting with line FG, and from thence back along line GF to point 1.

THE PITCHER'S PLATE.

RULE 8. With point F as centre and 60.5 feet as radius, describe an arc cutting the line FB at a point 4, and draw a line 5, 6, passing through point 4 and extending 12 inches on either side of line FB; then with line 5, 6, as a side, describe a parallelogram 24 inches by 6 inches.

THE BASES.

RULE 9. Within the angle F, describe a square the sides of which shall be 12 inches, two of its sides lying upon the lines FG and FH, and within the angles G and H describe squares the side of which shall be 15 inches, the two outer sides of said square lying upon the lines FG and GI and FH and HI, and at the angle E describe a square whose side shall be 15 inches and so described that its sides shall be parallel with GI and IH and its centre immediately over the angular point E.

THE BATSMAN'S LINE.

RULE 10. On either side of the line AFB describe two parallelograms 6 feet long and 4 feet wide (marked 8 and 9), their length being parallel with the line AFB, their distance apart being 6 inches, added to each end of the length of the diagonal of the square within the angle F, and the centre of their length being upon said diagonal.

RULE 11. The Home Base at F and the Pitcher's Plate at 4 must be of whitened rubber and so fixed in the ground as to be even with the surface.

RULE 12. The First Base at G, the Second Base at E, and the Third Base at H, must be of white canvas bags, filled with soft material, and securely fastened in their positions described in Rule 9.

RULE 13. The lines described in Rules 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 must be marked with lime, chalk, or other suitable material, so as to be distinctly seen by the Umpire.

THE BALL.

RULE 14. The Ball.[A] [Footnote A: The Spalding League Ball has been adopted by the National League for the past sixteen years, and is used in all League contests.

For junior clubs (clubs composed of boys under 16 years of age) we recommend them to use the Spalding Boys' League Ball, and that games played by junior clubs with this ball will count as legal games the same as if played with the Official League Ball.]

SECTION 1. Must not weigh less than five nor more than five and one-quarter ounces avoirdupois, and measure not less than nine nor more than nine and one-quarter inches in circumference. The Spalding League Ball, or the Reach American Association Ball, must be used in all games played under these rules.

SECTION. 2. For each championship game two balls shall be furnished by the Home Club to the Umpire for use. When the ball in play is batted to foul ground, out of sight of the Umpire, the other ball shall be immediately brought into play. As often as one of the two in use shall be lost a new one must be substituted, so that the Umpire shall at all times after the game begins have two balls for use. The moment the Umpire delivers an alternate ball to the pitcher it comes into play, and shall not be exchanged until it, in turn, passes out of sight to foul ground.

SECTION. 3. In all games the ball or balls played with shall be furnished by the Home Club, and the last ball in play becomes the property of the winning club. Each ball to be used in championship games shall be examined, measured and weighed by the Secretary of the Association, inclosed in a paper box and sealed with the seal of the Secretary, which seal shall not be broken except by the Umpire in the presence of the Captains of the two contesting nines after play has been called.

SECTION. 4. Should the ball become out of shape, or cut or ripped so as to expose the interior, or in any way so injured as to be, in the opinion of the Umpire, unfit for fair use, he shall, upon appeal by either Captain, at once put the alternate ball into play and call for a new one.

THE BAT.

Must be made entirely of hard wood, except that the handle may be wound with twine, or a granulated substance applied, not to exceed eighteen inches from the end.

It must be round, not exceed two and three-quarter inches in diameter in the thickest part, and must not exceed forty-two inches in length.

THE PLAYERS AND THEIR POSITIONS.

RULE 16. The players of each club in a game shall be nine in number, one of whom shall act as Captain, and in no case shall less than nine men be allowed to play on each side.

RULE 17. The players' positions shall be such as may be assigned them by their Captain, except that the pitcher must take the position as defined in Rules 8 and 29.

RULE 18. Players in uniform shall not be permitted to occupy seats among the spectators.

RULE 19. SECTION 1. Every club shall adopt uniforms for its players, but no player shall attach anything to the sole or heel of his shoes other than the ordinary base ball shoe plate.

SECTION. 2. The catcher and first baseman are permitted to wear a glove or mitt of any size, shape or weight. All other players are restricted to the use of a glove or mitt weighing not over ten ounces, and measuring in circumference around the palm of the hand not over fourteen inches.

PLAYERS' BENCHES.

RULE 20. The Players' Benches must be furnished by the Home Club, and placed upon a portion of the ground outside of, and not nearer than twenty-five feet to, the players' lines. One such bench must be for the exclusive use of the visiting club, and one for the exclusive use of the home club, and the players of the competing teams shall be required to occupy their respective benches while not engaged in active play.

THE GAME.

RULE 21. SECTION 1. Every Championship game must be commenced not later than two hours before sunset.

SECTION. 2. A Game shall consist of nine innings to each contesting nine, except that

(a) If the side first at bat scores less runs in nine innings than the other side has scored in eight innings, the game shall then terminate.

(b) If the side last at bat in the ninth innings scores the winning run before the third man is out, the game shall terminate.

A TIE GAME.

RULE 22. If the score be a tie at the end of nine innings, play shall be continued until one side has scored more runs than the other in an equal number of innings, provided that if the side last at bat scores the winning run before the third man is out the game shall terminate. A DRAWN GAME.

RULE 23. A Drawn Game shall be declared by the Umpire when he terminates a game on account of darkness or rain, after five equal innings have been played, if the score at the time is equal on the last even innings played; but (exception) if the side that went second to bat is then at the bat, and has scored the same number of runs as the other side, the Umpire shall declare the game drawn without regard to the score of the last equal innings.

A CALLED GAME.

RULE 24. If the Umpire calls "Game" on account of darkness or rain at any time after five innings have been completed, the score shall be that of the last equal innings played, unless the side second at bat shall have scored one or more runs than the side first at bat, in which case the score of the game shall be the total number of runs made.

A FORFEITED GAME.

RULE 25. A forfeited game shall be declared by the Umpire in favor of the club not in fault, at the request of such club, in the following cases:

SECTION 1. If the nine of a club fail to appear upon a field, or being upon the field, fail to begin the game within five minutes after the Umpire has called "Play," at the hour appointed for the beginning of the game, unless such delay in appearing or in commencing the game be unavoidable.

SECTION. 2. If, after the game has begun, one side refuses or fails to continue playing, unless such game has been suspended or terminated by the Umpire.

SECTION. 3. If, after play has been suspended by the Umpire, one side fails to resume playing within one minute after the Umpire has called "Play."

SECTION. 4. If a team resorts to dilatory practice to delay the game.

SECTION. 5. If, in the opinion of the Umpire, any one of these rules is willfully violated.

SECTION. 6. If, after ordering the removal of a player as authorized by Rule 59, Sec. 5, said order is not obeyed within one minute.

SECTION. 7. In case the Umpire declares a game forfeited, he shall transmit a written notice thereof to the President of the Association within twenty-four hours thereafter.

NO GAME.

RULE 26. "No Game" shall be declared by the Umpire if he shall terminate play on account of rain or darkness, before five innings on each side are completed, except in a case when the game is called, and the club second at bat shall have more runs at the end of its fourth innings than the club first at bat has made in its five innings, then the Umpire shall award the game to the club having made the greatest number of runs, and it shall be a game and be so counted in the Championship record.

SUBSTITUTES.

RULE 27. SECTION 1. In every championship game each team shall be required to have present on the field, in uniform, one or more substitute players.

SECTION. 2. Any such player may be substituted at any time by either club, but no player thereby retired shall thereafter participate in the game.

SECTION. 3. The Base Runner shall not have a substitute run for him except by consent of the Captains of the contesting teams.

CHOICE OF INNINGS—CONDITION OF GROUND.

RULE 28. The choice of innings shall be given to the Captain of the Home Club, who shall also be the sole judge of the fitness of the ground for beginning a game after rain.

THE PITCHER'S POSITION.

RULE 29. The Pitcher shall take his position facing the Batsman with both feet square on the ground, and in front of the Pitcher's plate, but in the act of delivering the ball one foot must be in contact with the pitcher's plate, defined in Rule 8. He shall not raise either foot, unless in the act of delivering the ball, nor make more than one step in such delivery. He shall hold the ball, before the delivery, fairly in front of his body, and in sight of the Umpire. When the Pitcher feigns to throw the ball to a base he must resume the above position and pause momentarily before delivering the ball to the bat.

THE DELIVERY OF THE BALL—FAIR AND UNFAIR BALLS.

RULE 30. A Fair Ball is a ball delivered by the Pitcher while standing in his position, and facing the Batsman, the ball so delivered to pass over the Home Base, not lower than the Batsman's knee, nor higher than his shoulder.

RULE 31. An Unfair Ball is a ball delivered by the Pitcher, as in Rule 30, except that the ball does not pass over the Home Base, or does pass over the Home Base above the Batsman's shoulder or below the knee.

BALKING.

SECTION 1. Any motion made by the Pitcher to deliver the ball to the bat without delivering it.

SECTION. 2. The holding of the ball by the Pitcher so long as to delay the game unnecessarily.

SECTION. 3. Any motion in delivering the ball to the bat by the Pitcher while not in the position defined in Rule 29.

DEAD BALLS.

RULE 33. A Dead Ball is a ball delivered to the bat by the Pitcher that touches any part of the Batsman's person or clothing while standing in his position without being struck at; or any part of the Umpire's person or clothing, while on foul ground, without first passing the Catcher.

RULE 34. In case of a Foul Strike, Foul Hit ball not legally caught out, Dead Ball, or Base Runner put out for being struck by a fair hit ball, the ball shall not be considered in play until it is held by the Pitcher standing in his position, and the Umpire shall have called play.

BLOCK BALLS.

RULE 35. SECTION 1. A Block is a batted or thrown ball that is touched, stopped or handled by any person not engaged in the game.

SECTION. 2. Whenever a Block occurs the Umpire shall declare it, and Base Runners may run the bases without being put out until the ball has been returned to and held by the pitcher standing in his position.

SECTION. 3. In the case of a Block, if the person not engaged in the game should retain possession of the ball, or throw or kick it beyond the reach of the Fielders, the Umpire should call "Time," and require each Base Runner to stop at the last base touched by him until the ball be returned to the pitcher standing in his position, and the Umpire shall have called play.

THE BATSMAN'S POSITION—ORDER OF BATTING.

RULE 36. The Batsmen must take their positions within the Batsmen's Lines, as defined in Rule 10, in the order in which they are named in the batting order, which batting order must be submitted by the Captains of the opposing teams to the Umpire before the game, and this batting order must be followed except in the case of a substitute player, in which case the substitute must take the place of the original player in the batting order. After the first inning the first striker in each inning shall be the batsman whose name follows that of the last man who has completed his turn—time at bat—in the preceding inning.

RULE 37. SECTION 1. When their side goes to the bat the players must immediately return to the players' bench, as defined in Rule 20, and remain there until the side is put out, except when batsmen or base runners; provided, that the Captain and one assistant only may occupy the space between the Players' Lines and the Captain's Lines, to coach base runners.

SECTION. 2. No player of the side "at bat," except when batsman, shall occupy any portion of the space within the Catcher's Lines, as defined in Rule 3. The triangular space behind the Home Base is reserved for the exclusive use of Umpire, Catcher and Batsman, and the Umpire must prohibit any player of the side "at bat" from crossing the same at any time while the ball is in the hands of, or passing between the Pitcher and Catcher, while standing in their positions.

SECTION. 3. The players of the side "at bat" must occupy the portion of the field allotted them, but must speedily vacate any portion thereof that may be in the way of the ball, or any Fielder attempting to catch or field it.

THE BATTING RULES.

RULE 38. A Fair Hit is a ball batted by the Batsman, standing in his position, that first touches any part of the person of a player or umpire or falls within the foul lines, that (whether it first touches Foul or Fair Ground) bounds or rolls within the Foul Lines, between Home and First, or Home and Third Bases, without interference by a player.

RULE 39. A Foul Hit is a ball batted by the Batsman, standing in his position, that first touches the ground, any part of the person of a player, or any object behind either of the Foul Lines, or that strikes the person of such Batsman, while standing in his position, or batted by the Batsman, standing in his position, that (whether it first touches Foul or Fair Ground) bounds or rolls outside the Foul Lines, between Home and First or Home and Third Bases, without interference by a player: Provided, that a Foul Hit ball not rising above the Batsman's head, and caught by the Catcher playing within ten feet of the Home Base, shall be termed a Foul Tip.

RULE 40. A bunt hit is a deliberate attempt on the part of the Batsman to hit a ball slowly within the infield so that it cannot be fielded by any infielder in time to retire the batsman.

BALLS BATTED OUTSIDE THE GROUNDS.

RULE 41. When a batted ball passes outside the grounds, the Umpire shall decide it Fair should it disappear within, or Foul should it disappear outside of, the range of the Foul Lines, and Rules 38 and 39 are to be construed accordingly.

RULE 42. A Fair batted ball that goes over the fence shall entitle the batsman to a home run, except that should it go over the fence at a less distance than two hundred and thirty-five feet from the Home Base, when he shall be entitled to two bases only, and a distinctive line shall be marked on the fence at this point.

STRIKES.

SECTION 1. A ball struck at by the Batsman without its touching his bat; or

SECTION. 2. A Fair Ball legally delivered by the Pitcher, but not struck at by the Batsman.

SECTION. 3. Any obvious attempt to make a Foul Hit.

SECTION. 4. A Foul Hit, other than a Foul Tip, made by the Batsman while attempting a bunt hit, as defined in Rule 40, that falls or rolls upon foul ground between Home Base and First Base or Home Base and Third Base.

SECTION. 5. A ball struck at, if the ball touches any part of the Batsman's person.

SECTION. 6. A ball tipped by the Batsman and caught by the catcher within the 10-foot lines.

RULE 44. A Foul Strike is a ball batted by the Batsman when any part of his person is upon ground outside the lines of the Batsman's position.

THE BATSMAN IS OUT.

SECTION 1. If he fails to take his position at the bat in his order of batting, unless the error be discovered and the proper Batsman takes his position before a time "at bat" recorded; and in such case the balls and strikes called must be counted in the time "at bat" of the proper Batsman, and only the proper Batsman shall be declared out: Provided, this rule shall not take effect unless the out is declared before the ball is delivered to the succeeding Batsman, and no runs shall be scored or bases run, and further, no outs shall be counted other than that of the proper Batsman.

SECTION. 2. If he fails to take his position within one minute after the Umpire has called for the Batsman.

SECTION. 3. If he makes a Foul Hit other than a Foul Tip, as defined in Rule 39, and the ball be momentarily held by a Fielder before touching the ground, provided it be not caught in a Fielder's hat or cap, or touch some object other than a Fielder, before being caught.

SECTION. 4. If he makes a Foul Strike.

SECTION. 5. If he attempts to hinder the Catcher from fielding or throwing the ball by stepping outside the lines of his position, or otherwise obstructing or interfering with the player.

SECTION. 6. If, while the First Base be occupied by a base runner, three strikes be called on him by the Umpire, except when two men are already out.

SECTION. 7. If, after two strikes have been called, the Batsman obviously attempts to make a foul hit, as in Rule 43, Section 3.

SECTION. 8. If, while attempting a third strike, the ball touches any part of the Batsman's person, in which case base runners occupying bases shall return, as prescribed in Rule 49, Section 5.

SECTION. 9. If he hits a fly ball that can be handled by an infielder while first and second bases are occupied, or first, second and third, with only one out.

SECTION. 10. If the third strike is called in accordance with Section 4, Rule 43, in such case the Umpire shall, as soon as the ball is hit, declare infield or outfield hit.

BASE RUNNING RULES.

WHEN THE BATSMAN BECOMES A BASE RUNNER.

SECTION 1. Instantly after he makes a Fair Hit.

SECTION. 2. Instantly after four balls have been called by the Umpire.

SECTION. 3. Instantly after three strikes have been decided by the Umpire.

SECTION. 4. If, while he be a Batsman, without making any attempt to strike, his person—excepting hands or forearm, which makes it a dead ball—or clothing be hit by a ball from the Pitcher; unless, in the opinion of the Umpire, he intentionally permits himself to be so hit.

SECTION. 5. Instantly after an illegal delivery of a ball by the Pitcher.

BASES TO BE TOUCHED.

RULE 47. The Base Runner must touch each base in regular order, viz., First, Second, Third and Home Bases, and when obliged to return (except on a foul hit) must retouch the base or bases in reverse order. He shall only be considered as holding a base after touching it, and shall then be entitled to hold such base until he has legally touched the next base in order, or has been legally forced to vacate it for a succeeding Base Runner.

ENTITLED TO BASES.

RULE 48. The Base Runner shall be entitled, without being put out, to take the base in the following cases:

SECTION 1. If, while he was Batsman, the Umpire called four balls.

SECTION. 2. If the Umpire awards a succeeding batsman a base on four balls, or for being hit with a pitched ball, or in case of an illegal delivery—as in Rule 46, Section 5—and the Base Runner is thereby forced to vacate the base held by him.

SECTION. 3. If the Umpire calls a "balk." SECTION. 4. If a ball, delivered by the Pitcher, pass the Catcher and touch the Umpire, or any fence or building within ninety feet of the Home Base.

SECTION. 5. If, upon a fair hit, the ball strikes the person or clothing of the Umpire on fair ground.

SECTION. 6. If he be prevented from making a base by the obstruction of an adversary.

SECTION. 7. If the Fielder stop or catch a batted ball with his hat or any part of his dress.

RETURNING TO BASES.

RULE 49. The Base Runner shall return to his base, and shall be entitled to so return without being put out:

SECTION 1. If the Umpire declares a Foul Tip (as defined in Rule 39), or any other Foul Hit not legally caught by a fielder.

SECTION. 2. If the Umpire declares a Foul Strike.

SECTION. 3. If the Umpire declares a Dead Ball, unless it be also the fourth Unfair Ball and he be thereby forced to take the next base, as provided in Rule 48, Section 2.

SECTION. 4. If the person or clothing of the Umpire interferes with the Catcher, or he is struck by a ball thrown by the Catcher to intercept a Base Runner.

SECTION. 5. The Base Runner shall return to his base, if, while attempting a strike, the ball touches any part of the Batsman's person.

WHEN BASE RUNNERS ARE OUT.

SECTION 1. If, after three strikes have been declared against him while Batsman, and the Catcher fail to catch the third strike ball, he plainly attempts to hinder the Catcher from fielding the ball.

SECTION. 2. If, having made a Fair Hit while Batsman, such fair hit ball be momentarily held by a Fielder, before touching the ground, or any object other than a Fielder: Provided, it be not, caught in a Fielder's hat or cap.

SECTION. 3. If, when the Umpire has declared three strikes on him, while Batsman, the third strike ball be momentarily held by a Fielder before touching the ground: Provided, it be not caught in a Fielder's hat or cap, or touch some object other than a Fielder, before being caught.

SECTION. 4. If, after Three Strikes or a Fair Hit, he be touched with the ball in the hand of a Fielder before he shall have touched First Base.

SECTION. 5. If, after Three Strikes or a Fair Hit, the ball be securely held by a Fielder, while touching First Base with any part of his person, before such Base Runner touches First Base.

SECTION. 6. If, in running the last half of the distance from Home Base to First Base, while the ball is being fielded to First Base, he runs outside the three-foot lines, as defined in Rule 7, unless to avoid a Fielder attempting to field a Batted Ball.

SECTION. 7. If, in running from First to Second Base, from Second to Third Base, or from Third to Home Base, he runs more than three feet from a direct line between such bases, to avoid being touched by the ball in the hands of a Fielder; but in case a Fielder be occupying the Base Runner's proper path, in attempting to field a batted ball, then the Base Runner shall run out of the path, and behind said Fielder, and shall not be declared out for so doing.

SECTION. 8. If he fails to avoid a Fielder attempting to field a batted ball, in the manner described in Sections 6 and 7 of this Rule; or if he in any way obstructs a Fielder attempting to field a batted ball, or intentionally interferes with a thrown ball: Provided, that if two or more Fielders attempt to field a batted ball, and the Base Runner comes in contact with one or more of them, the Umpire shall determine which Fielder is entitled to the benefit of this rule, and shall not decide the Base Runner out for coming in contact with any other fielder.

SECTION. 9. If, at any time while the ball is in play, he be touched by the ball in the hands of a Fielder, unless some part of his person is touching a base he is entitled to occupy: Provided, the ball be held by the Fielder after touching him; but (exception as to First Base), in running to First Base he may overrun said base, without being put out for being off said base, after first touching it, provided he returns at once and retouches the base, after which he may be put out as at any other base. If, in overrunning First Base, he also attempts to run to Second Base, or, after passing the base he turns to his left from the foul line, he shall forfeit such exemption from being put out.

SECTION. 10. If, when a Fair or Foul Hit ball (other than a foul tip as referred to in Rule 39) is legally caught by a Fielder, such ball is legally held by a Fielder on the base occupied by the Base Runner when such ball was struck (or the Base Runner be touches with the ball in the hands of a Fielder), before he retouches said base after such Fair or Foul Hit ball was so caught: Provided, that the Base Runner shall not be out in such case, if, after the ball was legally caught as above, it be delivered to the bat by the Pitcher before the Fielder holds it on said base, or touches the Base Runner with it; but if the Base Runner in attempting to reach a base, detaches it before being touched or forced out, he shall be declared safe.

SECTION. 11. If, when a Batsman becomes a Base Runner, the First Base, or the First and Second Bases, or the First, Second and Third Bases, be occupied, any Base Runner so occupying a base shall cease to be entitled to hold it, until any following Base Runner is put out, and may be put out at the next base or by being touched by the ball in the hands of a Fielder in the same manner as in running to First Base, at any time before any following Base Runner is put out.

SECTION. 12. If a Fair Hit ball strike him before touching the Fielder, and in such case no base shall be run unless forced by the Batsman becoming a base runner, and no run shall be scored; or any other Base Runner put out.

SECTION. 13. If, when running to a base or forced to return to a base, he fail to touch the intervening base or bases, if any, in the order prescribed in Rule 47, he may be put out at the base he fails to touch, or being touched by the ball in the hands of a Fielder, in the same manner as in running to First Base; Provided, that the Base Runner shall not be out in such case if the ball be delivered to the bat by the Pitcher before the Fielder holds it on said base or touches the Base Runner with it.

SECTION. 14. If, when the Umpire calls "Play," after any suspension of a game, he fails to return to and touch the base he occupied when "Time" was called before touching the next base: Provided, the Base Runner shall not be out in such case if the ball be delivered to the bat by the Pitcher before the Fielder holds it on said base or touches the Base Runner with it.

WHEN BATSMAN OR BASE RUNNER IS OUT.

RULE 51. The Umpire shall declare the Batsman or Base Runner out, without waiting for an appeal for such decision, in all cases where such player is put out in accordance with these rules, except as provided in Rule 50, Sections 10 and 14.

COACHING RULES.

RULE 52. The coachers shall be restricted to coaching the Base Runner only, and shall not be allowed to address any remarks except to the Base Runner, and then only in words of necessary direction; and shall not use language which will in any manner refer to or reflect upon a player of the opposing club, the Umpire or the spectators, and not more than two coachers, who may be one player participating in the game and, any other player under contract to it, in the uniform of either club, shall be allowed at any one time. To enforce the above, the Captain of the opposite side may call the attention of the Umpire to the offence, and upon a repetition of the same, the offending player shall be debarred from further participation in the game and shall leave the playing field forthwith.

THE SCORING OF RUNS.

RULE 53. One run shall be scored every time a Base Runner, after having legally touched the first three bases, shall touch the Home Base before three men are put out by (exception). If the third man is forced out, or is put out before reaching First Base, a run shall not be scored.

THE UMPIRE.

RULE 54. The Umpire shall not be changed during the progress of a game, except for reason of illness or injury.

HIS POWERS AND JURISDICTION.

RULE 55. SECTION 1. The Umpire is master of the Field from the commencement to the termination of the game, and is entitled to the respect of the spectators, and any person offering any insult or indignity to him must be promptly ejected from the grounds.

SECTION. 2. He must be invariably addressed by the players as Mr. Umpire; and he must compel the players to observe the provisions of all the Playing Rules, and he is hereby invested with authority to order any player to do or omit to do any act as he may deem necessary, to give force and effect to any and all such provisions.

SPECIAL DUTIES.

SECTION 1. The Umpire is the sole and absolute judge of play. In no instance shall any person, except the Captain of the competing teams, be allowed to address him or question his decisions, and they can only question him on an interpretation of the Rules. No Manager or any other officer of either club shall be permitted to go on the field or address the Umpire, under a penalty of a forfeiture of a game.

SECTION. 2. Before the commencement of a Game, the Umpire shall see that the rules governing all the materials of the Game are strictly observed. He shall ask the Captain of the Home Club whether there are any special ground rules to be enforced, and if there are, he shall see that they are duly enforced, provided they do not conflict with any of these rules.

SECTION. 3. The Umpire must keep the contesting nines playing constantly from the commencement of the game to its termination, allowing such delays only as are rendered unavoidable by accident, injury or rain. He must, until the completion of the game, require the players of each side to promptly take their positions in the field as soon as the third man is put out, and must require the first striker of the opposite side to be in his position at the bat as soon as the fielders are in their places.

SECTION. 4. The Umpire shall count and call every "Unfair Ball" delivered by the Pitcher, and every "Dead Ball," if also an unfair ball, as a "Ball," and he shall count and call every "Strike." Neither a "Ball" nor a "Strike" shall be counted or called until the ball has passed the Home Base. He shall also declare every "Dead Ball," "Block," "Foul Hit," "Foul Strike," and "Balk," "Infield" or "Outfield Hit," as prescribed in Rule 45, Section 9.

CALLING "PLAY" AND "TIME."

RULE 57. The Umpire must call "Play" promptly at the hour designated by the Home Club, and on the call of "Play" the game must immediately begin. When he calls "Time" play shall be suspended until he calls "Play" again, and during the interim no player shall be put out, base be run or run be scored. The Umpire shall suspend play only for an accident to himself or a player (but in case of accident to a Fielder "Time" shall not be called until the ball be returned to and held by the Pitcher, standing in his position), or in case rain falls so heavily that the spectators are compelled, by the severity of the storm, to seek shelter, in which case he shall note the time of suspension, and should such rain continue to fall thirty minutes thereafter, he shall terminate the game; or to enforce order in case of annoyance from spectators.

RULE 58. The Umpire is only allowed, by the Rules, to call "Time" in case of an accident to himself or a player, a "Block" as referred to in Rule 35, Section 3, or in case of rain, as defined by the rule.

INFLICTING FINES.

RULE 59. The Umpire is empowered to inflict lines of not less than $25.00, nor more than $100.00, for the first offence, on players during the progress of a game, as follows:

SECTION 1. For vulgar, indecent or other improper conduct or language.

SECTION. 2. For the Captain or Coacher willfully failing to remain within the legal bounds of his position, except upon an appeal by the captain from the Umpire's decision upon a misinterpretation of the rules.

SECTION. 3. For the disobedience by a player of any other of his orders, or for any other violation of these rules.

SECTION. 4. Immediately upon notification by the Umpire that a fine has been imposed upon any Manager, Captain or player, the Secretary shall forthwith notify the person so fined, and also the club of which he is a member, and in the event of the failure of the person so fined to pay to the Secretary the amount of said fine within five days of notice, he shall be debarred from participation in any championship game until such fine is paid.

SECTION. 5. The Umpire may remove a player from the playing field for a violation of Section 1 of this rule, in addition to a fine, but under no circumstances shall he remove a player for a violation of Section 2 of this Rule, unless upon a repetition of the offence prescribed therein.

FIELD RULES.

RULE 66. No club shall allow open betting or pool-selling upon its ground, nor in any building owned or occupied by it.

RULE 61. No person shall be allowed upon any part of the field during the progress of the game in addition to the players in uniform, the Manager on each side and the Umpire; except such officers of the law as may be present in uniform, and such officials of the Home Club as may be necessary to preserve the peace.

RULE 62. No Umpire, Manager, Captain or player shall address the spectators during the progress of a game, except in case of necessary explanation.

RULE 63. Every Club shall furnish sufficient police force upon its own grounds to preserve order, and in the event of a crowd entering the field during the progress of a game, and interfering with the play in any manner, the Visiting Club may refuse to play further until the field be cleared. If the ground be not cleared within fifteen minutes thereafter, the Visiting Club may claim, and shall be entitled to, the game by a score of nine runs to none (no matter what number of innings have been played).

GENERAL DEFINITIONS.

RULE 64. "Play" is the order of the Umpire to begin the game, or to resume play after its suspension.

RULE 65. "Time" is the order of the Umpire to suspend play. Such suspension must not extend beyond the day of the game.

RULE 67. An "Inning" is the term at bat of the nine players representing a Club in a game, and is completed when three of such players have been put out, as provided in these rules.

RULE 68. A "Time at Bat" is the term at bat of a Batsman. It begins when he takes his position, and continues until he is put out or becomes a base runner; except when, because of being hit by a pitched ball, or in case of an illegal delivery by the Pitcher, or in case of a sacrifice hit purposely made to the infield which, not being a base hit, advances a base runner without resulting in a put out, except to the Batsman, as in Rule 45.

SCORING.

RULE 70. In order to promote uniformity in scoring championship games the following instructions, suggestions and definitions are made for the benefit of scorers, and they are required to make all scores in accordance therewith.

BATTING.

SECTION 1. The first item in the tabulated score, after the player's name and position, shall be the number of times he has been at bat during game. The time or times when the player has been sent to base by being hit by a pitched ball, by the Pitcher's illegal delivery, or by a base on balls, shall not be included in this column.

SECTION. 2. In the second column should be set down the runs made by each player.

SECTION. 3. In the third column should be placed the first base hits made by each player. A base hit should be scored in the following cases:

When the ball from the bat strikes the ground within the foul lines, and out of reach of the Fielders.

When a hit ball is partially or wholly stopped by a Fielder in motion, but such player cannot recover himself in time to handle the ball before the striker reaches First Base.

When a hit ball is hit so sharply to an infielder that he cannot handle it in time to put out the Batsman. In case of doubt over this class of hits, score a base hit, and exempt the Fielder from the charge of an error.

When a ball is hit so slowly toward a Fielder that he cannot handle it in time to put out the Batsman.

That in all cases where a Base Runner is retired by being hit by a batted ball, the Batsman should be credited with a base hit.

When a batted ball hits the person or clothing of the Umpire, as defined in Rule 48, Section 5.

SECTION. 4. In the fourth column shall be placed Sacrifice Hits, which shall be credited to the Batsman, who, when no one is out, or when but one man is out, advances a Runner a base by a bunt sacrifice hit, which results in putting out the Batsman, or would so result if the ball were handled without error.

FIELDING.

SECTION. 5. The number of opponents put out by each player shall be set down in the fifth column. Where a Batsman is given out by the Umpire for a foul strike, or where the Batsman fails to bat in proper order, the put out shall be scored to the Catcher.

SECTION. 6. The number of times the player assists shall be set down in the sixth column. An assist should be given to each player who handles the ball in assisting a run out or other play of the kind.

An assist should be given to a player who makes a play in time to put a Runner out, even if the player who could complete the play fails, through no fault of the player assisting.

And generally an assist should be given to each player who handles or assists in any manner in handling the ball from the time it leaves the bat until it reaches the player who makes the put out, or in case of a thrown ball, to each player who throws or handles it cleanly, and in such a way that a put out results, or would result if no error were made by the receiver.

ERRORS.

SECTION. 7. An error shall be given in the seventh column for each misplay which allows the striker or base runner to make one or more bases when perfect play would have insured his being put out, except that "wild pitches," "base on balls," bases on the Batsman being struck by a "pitched ball," or in case of illegal pitched balls, balks and passed balls, shall not be included in said column. In scoring errors of batted balls see Section 3 of this Rule.

SECTION. 8. Stolen Bases shall be scored as follows:

Any attempt to steal a base must go to the credit of the Base Runner, whether the ball is thrown wild or muffed by the fielder, but any manifest error is to be charged to the fielder making the same. If the Base Runner advances another base he shall not be credited with a stolen base, and the fielder allowing the advancement is also to be charged with an error. If the Base Runner makes a start and a battery error is made, the runner secures the credit of a stolen base, and the battery error is scored against the player making it. Should a Base Runner overrun a base and then be put out, he shall receive the credit for the stolen base. If a Base Runner advances a base on a fly out, or gains two bases on a single base hit, or an infield out, or attempted out, he shall be credited with a stolen base, provided there is a possible chance and a palpable attempt made to retire him.

EARNED RUNS.

SECTION. 9. An earned run shall be scored every time the player reaches the home base unaided by errors before chances have been offered to retire the side.

THE SUMMARY.

SECTION 1. The number of earned runs made by each side.

SECTION. 2. The number of two-base hits made by each player.

SECTION. 3. The number of three-base hits made by each player.

SECTION. 4. The number of home runs made by each player.

SECTION. 5. The number of bases stolen by each player.

SECTION. 6. The number of double and triple plays made by each side, and the names of the players assisting in the same.

SECTION. 7. The number of men given bases on called balls by each Pitcher.

SECTION. 8. The number of men given bases from being hit by pitched balls.

SECTION. 9. The number of men struck out.

SECTION. 10. The number of passed balls by each Catcher.

SECTION. 11. The number of wild pitches by each Pitcher.

SECTION. 12. The time of Game.

SECTION. 13. The name of the Umpire.

INDEX TO RULES AND REGULATIONS.

                                                    RULE.
The Ground, 1
The Field, 2
Catcher's Lines, 3
Foul Lines, 4
Players' Lines, 5
The Captain's and Coachers' Lines, 6
Three-foot Line, 7
Pitcher's Plate, 8
The Bases, 9
Batsman's Lines, 10
The Home Base, 11
First, Second and Third Bases, 12
Lines must be Marked, 13
The Ball, 14
   Weight and Size, (1) 14
   Number Balls Furnished, (2) 14
   Furnished by Home Club, (3) 14
   Replaced if Injured, (4) 14
The Bat, 15
   Material of (1) 15
   Shape of (2) 15

THE PLAYERS AND THEIR POSITIONS.

Number of Players in Game, 16
Players' Positions, 17
Players not to Sit with Spectators, 18
Club Uniforms, (1) 19
Gloves, (2) 19
Players' Benches, 20

THE GAME.

Time of Championship Game, (1) 21
Number of Innings, (2) 21
Termination of Game, (a) 21
The Winning Run, (b) 21
A Tie Game, 22
A Drawn Game, 23
A Called Game, 24
A Forfeited Game, 25
  Failure of the Nine to Appear, (1) 25
  Refusal of One Side to Play, (2) 25
  Failure to Resume Playing, (3) 25
  If a Team Resorts to Dilatory Practice, (4) 25
  Wilful Violation, (5) 25
  Disobeying Order to Remove Player, (6) 25
  Written Notice to President, (7) 25
No Game, 26
Substitutes, 27

                                                    RULE.
  One or more substitute players, (1) 27
  Extra Player, (2) 27
  Base Runner, (3) 27
Choice of Innings—Condition of Grounds, 28
The Pitcher's Position, 29
Delivery of the Ball—Fair Ball, 30
Unfair Ball, 31
Balking, 32
  Motion to Deceive, (1) 32
  Delay by Holding, (2) 32
  Pitcher Outside of Lines, (3) 32
A Dead Ball, 33
A Foul Strike, 34
Block Balls, 35
  Stopped by Person not in Game, (1) 35
  Ball Returned, (2) 35
  Base Runner must Stop, (3) 35
The Batsman's Position—Order of Batting, 36
  Where Players must Remain, (1) 37
  Space Reserved for Umpire, (2) 37
  Space Allotted Players "at Bat," (3) 37
Batting Rules—Fair Hit, 38
Foul Hit, 39
Bunt Hit, 40
Batted Ball Outside Grounds, 41
A Fair Batted Ball, 42
Strikes, 43
  Ball Struck at by Batsman, (1) 43
  Fair Ball Delivered by Pitcher, (2) 43
  Attempt to Make Foul Hit, (3) 43
  Foul Hit while Attempting a Bunt Hit, (4) 43
  Ball Struck at after Touching Batsman's Person, (5) 43
  Ball Tipped by Batsman, (6) 43
A Foul Strike, 44
The Batsman is Out, 45
  Failing to Take Position at Bat in Order, (1) 45
  Failure to Take Position within One Minute after
    being called, (2) 45
  If He Makes a Foul Hit, (3) 45
  If He Makes a Foul Strike, (4) 45
  Attempt to Hinder Catcher, (5) 45
  Three Strikes Called by Umpire, (6) 45
  Attempt to Make a Foul Hit After Two Strikes
    have been Called, (7) 45
  If Ball Hits Him While Making Third Strike, (8) 45
  If He Hits a Fly Ball that can be Handled by
    Infielder while First Base Occupied with Only
    One Out, (9) 45
  If Third Strike is Called, (10) 45

BASE RUNNING RULES.
                                                     RULE.
The Batsman Becomes a Base Runner, 46
  After a Fair Hit, (1) 46
  After Four Balls are Called, (2) 46
  After Three Strikes are Declared, (3) 46
  If Hit by Ball While at Bat, (4) 46
  After Illegal Delivery of Ball, (5) 46
Bases to be Touched, 47
Entitled to Bases, 48
  If Umpire Call Four Balls, (1) 48
  If Umpire Award Succeeding Batsman Base, (2) 48
  If Umpire Calls Balk, (3) 48
  If Pitcher's Ball Passes Catcher, (4) 48
  Ball Strikes Umpire, (5) 48
  Prevented from Making Base, (6) 48
  Fielder Stops Ball, (7) 48
Returning to Bases, 49
  If Foul Tip, (1) 49
  If Foul Strike, (2) 49
  If Dead Ball, (3) 49

  If Person of Umpire Interferes with Catcher, (4) 49
  If the Ball Touches the Batsman's Person, (5) 49
Base Runner Out, 50
  Attempt to Hinder Catcher from Fielding Ball, (1) 50
  If Fielder Hold Fair Hit Ball, (2) 50
  Third Strike Ball Held by Fielder, (3) 50
  Touched with Ball After Three Strikes, (4) 50
  Touching First Base, (5) 50
  Running from Home Base to First Base, (6) 50
  Running from First to Second Base, (7) 50
  Failure to Avoid Fielder, (8) 50
  Touched by Ball While in Play, (9) 50
  Fair or Foul Hit Caught by Fielder, (10) 50
  Batsman Becomes a Base Runner, (11) 50
  Touched by Hit Ball Before Touching Fielder, (12) 50
  Running to Base, (13) 50
  Umpire Calls Play, (14) 50
When Batsman or Base Runner is Out, 51
Coaching Rules, 52
Scoring of Runs, 53

THE UMPIRE.

The Umpire 54
  When Master of the Field, (1) 55
  Must Compel Observance of Playing Rules, (2) 55
Special Duties, 56
  Is Sole Judge of Play, (1) 56
  Shall See Rules Observed before Commencing
    Game, (2) 56

                                                    RULE.
  Must Keep Contesting Nines Playing, (3) 56
  Must Count and Call Balls, (4) 56
Umpire Must Call Play, 57
Umpire Allowed to Call Time, 58
Umpire is Empowered to Inflict Fines, 59
  For Indecent Language, (1) 59
  Wilful Failure of Captain to Remain within
    Bounds, (2) 59
  Disobedience of a Player, (3) 59
  Shall Notify Captain, (4) 59
  Repetition of Offences, (5) 59

FIELD RULES.

No Club Shall Allow Open Betting, 60
Who Shall be Allowed in the Field, 61
Audience Shall Not be Addressed, 62
Every Club shall Furnish Police Force, 63

GENERAL DEFINITIONS.

Play, 64
Time, 65
Game, 66
An Inning, 67
A Time at Bat, 68
Legal, 69
Scoring, 70
  Batting, (1) 70
  Runs Made, (2) 70
  Base Hits, (3) 70
  Sacrifice Hits, (4) 70
  Fielding, (5) 70
  Assists, (6) 70
  Errors, (7) 70
  Stolen Bases, (8) 70
  Earned Runs, (9) 70
The Summary, 71
  Number of Earned Runs, (1) 71
  Number of Two Base Hits, (2) 71
  Number of Three Base Hits, (3) 71
  Number of Home Runs, (4) 71
  Number of Stolen Bases, (5) 71
  Number of Double and Triple Plays, (6) 71
  Bases on Called Balls, (7) 71
  Bases From being Hit, (8) 71
  Men Struck Out, (9) 71
  Passed Balls, (10) 71
  Wild Pitches, (11) 71
  Time of Game, (12) 71
  Name of Umpire, (13) 71

[Illustration: The Famous Red Stockings of 1869.]
[Illustration: Rock Island-Moline. Champions of the Western Assn, '94.]
[Illustration: Sioux City Base Ball Club. Champs of Western League, '94.]
[Illustration: Petersburg Base Ball Club. Champs of Virginia League, '94.]

We have very little to comment upon this year in regard to the amendments made to the playing rules of the game, alike by the special committee appointed to revise them, or by the committee of the whole who do the final work of revision. No improvement in this branch of League legislative work, too, may be looked for until a regular and permanent committee of rules be appointed, with President Young as its continuous chairman, aided by the chief of the umpire staff, Harry Wright, and one member of the League, a member like Mr. Byrne, who has done more since he has been in the League to really improve the game than any other of the several members of the rules committee since 1891. Moreover, the report sent in by this proposed permanent committee of rules should not be changed by the committee of the whole at the spring meetings except by a two-thirds vote. As it is now, the whole business would likely be spoiled by the final revision made by a simple majority vote.

The changes made by the committee of 1894, in several instances did not improve the game at all. The amendment made to the bat rule, which removed the restrictions as to size, was absurd. The League did well to throw it out. The gain in the diameter of the bat, though small, will have its effect on the batting. A quarter of an inch is not much, but it will tell. The abolition of the "mitt," except for catchers and first basemen, was a good move, as was the introduction of a penalty for the failure of umpires to prevent "kicking." One change introduces a new experiment, and that is the call of a strike on every foul tip caught on the fly. The calls of strikes will be more numerous than ever, viz., the regular strikes, the strikes on foul bunts and on foul tips.

As to the change made in the pitcher's plate, nothing was gained by it. The pitcher will still violate the rule requiring him to have his foot in contact with the rubber plate, as he did last year. He cannot get a firm foothold by placing his foot on the rubber. What was wanted was a hollow, oblong square, 12x36 inches, in which the pitcher could have obtained a good, firm foothold within the box, and not as now, outside of it, as he now has to, to secure a good standpoint for his pivot foot outside of the box.

Not a single change was made in the badly-worded scoring rules, and in consequence the same old premium for record batting is offered to every "fungo" hitter in the ranks. Each member of the committee still walks in the same old rut in this respect.

One of the best changes was the following: Rule 59 reads now so that players using "vulgar, indecent, or other improper language" shall be fined $25 and $100, instead of $5 and $25. In Rule 59, Section 4 was stricken out and the following substituted: "Upon notification from an umpire that a fine has been imposed upon any manager, captain or player, the secretary shall forthwith notify the person so fined, and also the club of which he is a member, and in the event of the failure of the person so fined to pay the amount within five days, he shall be debarred from participating in any championship game until such fine is paid."

The committee still retained that problem in mathematics contained in the first rule, a description of how to lay out a field which would puzzle a Yale quarterback.

The change made in Rule 45, Section 1, is a good one. Only the batsman who has failed to bat in his proper turn can be declared out, not those who have batted out of turn in consequence of the former's error.

It will now cost a kicker $25 at least, for indulging in his "hustling" tactics.

That was a much-needed resolution adopted by the League forbidding any club from paying a single fine inflicted on a player.

NATIONAL LEAGUE AND AMERICAN ASSOCIATION SCHEDULE.

SEASON OF 1895.

——————————————————————————————————-
CLUBS. In In In In
             Boston. Brooklyn. New York. Philadelphia.
——————————————————————————————————-
Boston July Apr. June 29
                          3, 4, 4 24, 25, 26 July 1, 2
                          Sept. Sept. Aug.
                          23, 24, 25 11, 12, 14 16, 17, 19
——————————————————————————————————-
Brooklyn June Apr. July 30, 31
             19, 20, 21 18, 20, 22 Aug. 1
             Aug. Aug. Sept.
             6, 7, 8 2, 5, 17 27, 28, 30
——————————————————————————————————-
New York June June 29 May
             22, 24, 25 July 1, 2 2, 3, 4
             Sept. Aug. Aug.
             19, 20, 21 3, 16, 19 13, 14, 15
——————————————————————————————————-
Philadelphia June June Apr.
             26, 27, 28 22, 24, 25 27, 29, 30
             Aug. Aug. Sept.
             2, 3, 5 9, 10, 12 16, 17, 18
——————————————————————————————————-
Baltimore July 30, 31 May July June
             Aug. 1 1, 2, 4 3, 4, 4 19, 20, 21
             Sept. Sept. Sept. Aug.
             16, 17, 18 19, 20, 21 27, 28, 30 6, 7, 8
——————————————————————————————————-
Washington April 19 June June July
             May 2, 4 26, 27, 28 19, 20, 21 4, 4
             Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept.
             9, 10, 12 13, 14, 15 6, 7, 8 14, 19, 20, 21
——————————————————————————————————-

——————————————————————————————————-
CLUBS. In In In In
             Baltimore. Washington. Pittsburgh. Cleveland.
——————————————————————————————————-
Boston Apr. Apr. May May
             27, 29, 30 20, 22, 23 23, 24, 25 13, 14, 15
             Aug. Sept. July July
             13, 14, 15 27, 28, 30 6, 8, 9 25, 26, 27
——————————————————————————————————-
Brooklyn Apr. Apr. May May
             24, 25, 26 27, 29, 30 6, 7, 8 20, 21, 22
             Sept. Sept. July July
             11, 12, 14 16, 17, 18 10, 11, 13 18, 19, 20
——————————————————————————————————-
New York June July 30, 31 May May
             26, 27, 28 Aug. 1 16, 17, 18 23, 24, 25
             Aug. Sept. July July
             9, 10, 12 23, 24, 25 25, 26, 27 10, 11, 13
——————————————————————————————————-
Philadelphia Apr. Apr. May May
             18, 20, 22 24, 25, 26 13, 14, 15 16, 17, 18
             Sept. July 3 July July
             23, 24, 25 Sept. 11, 12 18, 19, 20 6, 8, 9
——————————————————————————————————-
Baltimore June 24, 25 May May
                          July 1 9, 10, 11 6, 7, 8
                          Aug. July July
                          2, 5, 16 22, 23, 24 15, 16, 17
——————————————————————————————————-
Washington June 22, 29 May May
             July 2 20, 21, 22 9, 10, 11
             Aug. Sept. July
             3, 17, 23 7, 7, 9 22, 23, 24
——————————————————————————————————-

——————————————————————————————————-
CLUBS. In In In In
             Cincinnati. Louisville. Chicago. St. Louis.
——————————————————————————————————-
Boston May May May May
             20, 21, 22 16, 17, 18 9, 10, 11 6, 7, 8
             July July July July
             15, 16, 17 10, 11, 13 18, 19, 20 22, 23, 24
——————————————————————————————————-
Brooklyn May May May May
             9, 10, 11 23, 25, 26 16, 18, 19 12, 13, 14
             July July July July
             6, 7, 8 14, 15, 16 21, 22, 23 26, 27, 28
——————————————————————————————————-
New York May May May May
             6, 7, 8 9, 10, 11 13, 14, 15 20, 21, 22
             July July July July
             22, 23, 24 18, 19, 20 6, 8, 9 15, 16, 17
——————————————————————————————————-
Philadelphia May May May May
             23, 24, 25 6, 7, 8 20, 21, 22 9, 10, 11
             July July July July
             25, 26, 27 22, 23, 24 15, 16, 17 11, 12, 13
——————————————————————————————————-
Baltimore May May May May
             12, 13, 14 20, 21, 22 23, 25, 26 16, 18, 19
             July July July July
             18, 20, 21 25, 27, 28 11, 13, 14 6, 7, 8
——————————————————————————————————-
Washington May May May May
             16, 18, 19 12, 13, 14 6, 7, 8 24, 25, 26
             July July July July
             10, 13, 14 6, 7, 8 25, 27, 28 19, 20, 21
——————————————————————————————————-

——————————————————————————————————— CLUBS. In In In In Boston. Brooklyn. New York Philadelphia ——————————————————————————————————— Pittsburgh. Jun 5,6,7 Jun 1,4,10 June 3,8,11 Jun15,17,18 Aug.24,26,27 Aug. 20,22 Aug. 21 Aug. 31 Sept. 5 Sept. 4,6 Sept. 2,3 ——————————————————————————————————— Cleveland. Jun 15,17,18 May 30,30 May 28 Jun 8,10,11 Aug.28,29,30 June 13 June 12,14 Aug24,26,27 Aug. 31 Sept.2,2,5 Sept. 4,6 ——————————————————————————————————— Cincinnati. June 1,3,4 June 5,7,17 June 6,15,18 May28,30,30 Aug. 31, Aug. 29 Aug. 28,30 Aug20,21,22 Sept. 2,2 Sept. 7,10 Sept. 9 ——————————————————————————————————— Louisville. June 8,10,11 June 6,15,18 June 5,7,17 Jun12,13,14 Aug.20,21,22 Aug.26,28,30 Aug. 24,27,29 Sept. 7,7,9

———————————————————————————————————
Chicago. Jun 12,13,14 May 28 May 30,30 June 1,3,4
             Sept. 4,5,6 June 8,11 June 10 Aug28,29,30
                            Sept. 2,2,9 Aug. 31
                                          Sept. 7,10
———————————————————————————————————
St. Louis. May 28,30,30 Jun 3,12,14 June 1,4,13 June 5,6,7
             Sept. 7,9,10 Aug. 21,24,27 Aug. 20,22,26 Sept. 4,5,6
             Sept. 2,2
———————————————————————————————————

——————————————————————————————————— CLUBS. In In In In Baltimore. Washington. Pittsburgh Cleveland ——————————————————————————————————— Pittsburgh. June 12,13,14 May 28,30,30 . . . . . July 1,2,3 Aug. 28,29,30 July 16,17 . . . . . Aug. 1,2,3 Aug. 19 . . . . . ——————————————————————————————————— Cleveland. June 1,3,4 June 5,6,7 July 4,4,5 . . . . . Sept. 7,9,10 Aug. 20,21,22 Sept.19,20,21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ———————————————————————————————————- Cincinnati. June 8,10,11 June 12,13,14 May 1,2,4 Aug. 15,16,17 Aug. 24,26,27 Sept. 4,5,6 Sept.11,12,14 Sept.16,17,18

———————————————————————————————————- Louisville. May 28,30,30 June 1,3,4 June 19,20,22 June 24,25,26 Sept. 4,5,6 Aug. 31 Aug. 8,9,10 Aug. 5,6,7 Sept. 2,3 ———————————————————————————————————— Chicago. June 5,6,7 June 15,17,18 July 29,30,31 June 27,28,29 Aug. 20,21,22 Aug. 24,26,27 Sept.16,17,18 Sept.23,24,25

———————————————————————————————————— St. Louis. June 15,17,18 June 8,10,11 June 27,28,29 May 1,2,4 Aug. 31 Aug. 28,29,30 Aug. 5,6,7 Aug. 12,13,14

————————————————————————————————————

———————————————————————————————————— CLUBS. In In In In Cincinnati Louisville Chicago St. Louis ———————————————————————————————————— Pittsburgh. Apr. 23,24,25 Apr. 18,19,20 June 24,25,26 Apr 26,27,29 Aug. 12,13,14 Sept.23,25,25 Aug. 15,16,17 Sept. 26,27,28

————————————————————————————————————
Cleveland. Apr. 18,20,21 Apr. 27,28,29 June 20,22,23 April 23,24,25
             May 26 Sept.26,28,29 Aug. 8,9,10 Sept. 12,14,15
             July 28
             Aug. 18
————————————————————————————————————
Cincinnati. . . . . . July 1,2,3 July 4,4,5 June 20, 22,23
             . . . . . Aug. 1,3 Aug. 5,6,7 Sept. 23,24,25
             . . . . . Sept. 22
————————————————————————————————————
Louisville. June 27,29,30 . . . . . May 2,4,5 July 4,4,5
             Aug. 4 . . . . . Sept.12,14,15 Aug. 16,17,18
             Sept. 19,21 . . . . .
————————————————————————————————————
Chicago. Apr. 27,28,29 Apr. 23,24,25 . . . . . April 18,20,21
             Sept.26,28,29 Aug. 11,12,13 . . . . . Sept. 20,21,23
                                          . . . . .
                                          . . . . .
————————————————————————————————————
St. Louis. May 5 July 29,30,31 June 30 . . . . .
             June 24,25 Sept.16,17,18 July 1,2 . . . . .
             Aug. 8,10,11 Aug. 1,3,4 . . . . .
————————————————————————————————————

OUR ILLUSTRATIONS.

The readers of the OFFICIAL GUIDE will receive with pleasure the innovation of this year, which for the first time, presents to them twenty-one pages of half-tone portraits of all the leading clubs and players of America.

Herewith we present a key. The individual players in each group are numbered to correspond with the numbers in the following list:

BALTIMORE BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1, Ed Hanlon; 2, H.R. Von der Horst; 3, H.H. Von der Horst; 4, W. Brodie; 5, George Hemming; 6, W. Robinson; 7, D. Brouthers; 8, J. McMahon; 9, W. Clark; 10, W. Brown; 11, Charles Esper; 12, J. Kelly; 13, H. Reitz; 14, "Kid" Gleason; 15, F. Bonner; 16, J. McGraw; 17, H. Jennings; 18, W. Keeler; 19, W.V. Hawke.

NEW YORK BASE BALL CLUB, '94. (Photograph copyrighted by Prince, New
York and Washington.)

1, Park A. Wilson; 2, Charles A. Farrell; 3, George Van Haltren; 4,
Roger Connor; 5, Jouett Meekin; 6, Huyler Westervelt; 7, Amos Rusie; 8,
W.H. Clark; 9, Lester German; 10, John J. Doyle; 11, John Ward; 12,
M. Tiernan; 13, Geo. S. Davis; 14, W.B. Fuller; 15, James Stafford; 16,
W.H. Murphy.

PHILADELPHIA BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1, Callahan; 2, Allen; 3, Delehanty; 4, Boyle; 5, Thompson; 6, Taylor; 7, Hamilton; 8, Reilly; 9, Clements; 10, Weyhing; 11, Hallman; 12, Irwin; 13, Carsey; 14, Haddock; 15, Hartman; 16, Sharrott; 17, Turner; 18, Grady.

BROOKLYN BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1, G. Tredway; 2, M.G. Griffin; 3, T.P. Burns; 4, P. Gilbert; 5, Wm.
Shindle; 6, T.W. Corcoran; 7, T.P. Daly; 8, T.F. Kinslow; 9, D.L. Foutz
(Manager); 10, C.F. Dailey; 11, G. Lachance; 13, G. Q. Shoch; 13,
William Kennedy; 14, D.W. Daub; 15, G.O. Sharrott; 16, E.F. Stein.

CLEVELAND BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1, Tebeau; 2, O'Connor; 3, Young; 4, Burkett; 5, Ewing; 6, McAleer; 7, McGarr; 8, Childs; 9, McKean; 10, Dewald; 11, Virtue; 12, Clarkson; 13, Cuppy; 14, Fisher; 15, Zimmer.

PITTSBURGH BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1, Shiebeck; 2, Bierbauer; 3, Stigden; 4, Mack; 5, Beckley; 6, Smith; 7,
Lukens; 8, Lyons; 9, Colcolough; 10, Donovan; 11, Killen; 12,
Buckenberger; 13, Ehret; 14, Stenzel; 15, Glasscock; 16, Gumbert; 17,
Nicol.

CINCINNATI BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1, Chas. Comiskey; 2, Frank Dwyer; 3, Elton Chamberlain; 4, Geo. Cross; 5, Thos. Parrott; 6, Morgan Murphy; 7, Harry Vaughn; 8, Frank Motz; 9, John McPhee; 10, Arlie Latham; 11, Geo. Smith; 12, Jas. Holliday; 13, Wm. Hoyt; 14, John McCarthy; 15, Jas. Canavan.

ST. LOUIS BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1, A.G. Cooley; 3, A. Twineham; 3, T. Dowd; 4, Thomas Hannigan; 5, M.F. Hogan; 6, T. Breitenstein; 7, Harry Staley; 8, Roger Connor; 9, Tom Brown; 10, C.H. Peitz; 11, J.H. McDougal; 12. F. Ely.

WASHINGTON BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1, Charles Petty; 2, Sam Wise; 3, Joe Mulvey; 4, Wm. Hassamer; 5,
W. Black; 6, Charles Esper; 7, Ed Cartwright; 8, Wm. Joyce; 9, Geo.
Tebeau; 10, Geo. Stephens; 11, Jas. McGuire; 12, G.H. Schmelz; 13, Otis
Stockdale; 14, Jos. Sullivan; 15, Frank Ward; 16, Al Selbach; 17, John
Egan, 18, John McMahon; 19, Paul Radford; 20, D.E. Dugdale; 21,
W.B. Mercer.

SIOUX CITY BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1, E. Cunningham; 2, A. Stewart; 3, H. Howe; 4, Chas. Marr; 5, W.F.
Hart; 6, F. Parvin; 7, Chas. Jones; 8. W.H. Watkins (Manager); 9, J.
Walsh; 10, Geo. H. Hogreiver; 11, F. Genins; 12, A. Twineham; 13,
F. Kraus; 14, J. Newell.

ROCK ISLAND-MOLINE BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1. Al Mauck; 2, Belden Hill; 3, W.F. Kreig; 4, Paddy Lynch; 5. Wm. Zeis; 6, Harry Sage (Manager); 7, Harry Burrell; 8, J.A. Andrews; 9, Joe Cantillon (Captain); 10, Dan Sweeney.

PETERSBURG BASE BALL CLUB, '94.

1, Jno. Farrell; 2, H.F. Keefer; 3, J. McJannes; 4. R. Fender; 5, John Foreman; 6, Mike Trost; 7, Geo. Kelly; 8, R. Stafford; 9, L.W. Smith; 10, Bert Myers; 11, Stewart Sanford; 12, Ed Leach; 13, S.T. Honeycutt.

YALE TEAM, '94.

1, J.B. Speer; 2, C.H. George; 3, F. Murphy; 4, F. Rustin; 5, H.M. Keator; 6, A.A. Bigelow; 7, G.B. Case; 8, M.J. Warner; 9, W.F. Carter; 10, J.R. Quinby; 11, T.S. Arbuthnot; 12, F.B. Stephenson; 13, G.O. Redington; 14, E.R. Trudeau; 15, J.C. Greenway.

HARVARD TEAM, '94.

1, C.J. Paine; 2, E.W. Ames; 3, J.H. Williams; 4, J. Wiggins; 5, P.W. Whittemore; 6, B. Cook, Jr.; 7, A. Winslow; 8, A.A. Highlands; 9, F.M. Carthy; 10, J. Corbett; 11, R. Paine; 12, R. Stevenson; 13, J.J. Hayes; 14, D.D. Scannell; 15, H. Dickinson; 16, W.J. O'Malley.

PRINCETON TEAM, '94.

1. Payne; 2, Bradley; 3, King; 4, Brooks; 5, Trenchard; 6, Otto; 7, Forsythe; 8, Gunster; 9, W.D. Ward; 10, Mackenzie (Captain); 11, P. Ward; 12, Lindsay; 13, Small; 14, Altman; 15, Williams.

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TEAM, '94.

1, Blair; 2, Brown; 3, Sinclair; 4, Stokes; 5, Dickson; 6, Blakely; 7, Reese; 8, Hollister; 9, Higgins; 10, Mintzner; 11, Coogan; 12, Thomas; 13, Gelbert; 14, Goeckel.

THE FAMOUS RED STOCKINGS.

1, Charles Gould, First Base; 2, Charles Sweasey, Second Base; 3, Asa Brainard, Pitcher; 4, Cal McVey, Right Field; 5, Harry Wright, Centre Field (Capt.); 6, George Wright, Short Stop; 7, "Dug" Allison, Catcher; 8, Fred Waterman, Third Base; 9, Andy Leonard, Left Field.

At the annual meeting of the National League, held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, on Nov. 15, 1894, on a motion made by C.H. Byrne, president of the Brooklyn club, Henry Chadwick, the veteran base ball writer, and editor of the League GUIDE since 1881, was, by a unanimous vote, made an honorary member of that body. This honor has been conferred upon but four other persons in the history of the League, namely: A.G. Mills, of New York, ex-President of the League; A.G. Spalding, of Chicago; George W. Howe, of Cleveland, and John B. Day, of New York. In presenting Mr. Chadwick's name Mr. Byrne spoke enthusiastically of the effective work the veteran had done for years in popularizing base ball, and called attention to the fact that Mr. Chadwick was the recognized authority in all matters pertaining to base ball, and to him more than any other individual living is due the credit for the present almost perfect code of rules governing the game.

The League subsequently appointed a committee, consisting of President N.E. Young, C.H. Byrne, of Brooklyn, and A.J. Reach, of Philadelphia, to prepare a proper address to Mr. Chadwick, and to have same engrossed and framed for presentation. The result of their official duty was an exceptionally handsome piece of engrossing, set in a gilt frame. A pastel portrait of Mr. Chadwick is in the centre of a decorative scroll on which is the following testimonial:

                The
NATIONAL LEAGUE AND AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
                of
PROFESSIONAL BASE BALL CLUBS OF THE UNITED STATES
                to
          HENRY CHADWICK.

At a regular annual meeting of the National League and American
Association of Professional Base Ball Clubs, held in New York City,
November 15, 1894, all twelve clubs being present,

       MR. HENRY CHADWICK,
       of Brooklyn, N. Y.,
was by a unanimous vote elected an
        HONORARY MEMBER
          of this body.

In conferring this membership this organization pays the highest tribute in its power to one who, during a number of years almost as great as is usually alloted to man to live, has unselfishly devoted his time, his talents and his energies, by voice and pen, to establish BASE BALL as the NATIONAL GAME of America.

At all times and in all places he has diligently worked for its DEVELOPMENT, and battled for its INTEGRITY, its HONESTY and the PURITY of its methods.

He has been an unflinching foe of those within the ranks who permitted any stigma to attach to it and a gallant defender against any attack from without, touching its good name and fame. Always a devoted friend of the honest ball player, he has been a never-failing advocate of the rights of and the respect due the umpire. His advice and good offices most frequently sought have ever been readily given, and to the benefit and advantage of all.

HENRY CHADWICK,

the father of base ball, who now in the full of his years and after a long life of usefulness to his fellow man, still lives to see the fruition of his fondest hopes, and base ball, which he has fostered and upheld, pleaded for and battled for, now established forevermore as our national game.

The National League and American Association of Professional Base Ball
Clubs, Boston, New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington,
Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Louis, Chicago.

and which has stood the test of years, will be stamped in the future, as in the past, on all goods manufactured by us and will guarantee each article, from the cheapest to the highest priced, as the very best that can be produced for the money.

will be placed on the "Highest Quality" goods in their respective line and will be a further guarantee that the article so stamped represents the very highest grade of material, workmanship and finish, and the most perfect in design our past experience enables us to produce.

#Our Complete Catalogue of "SPRING AND SUMMER SPORTS" Mailed FREE to any
Address.#

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Our line of flannels for Base Ball Uniforms consists of five qualities and over forty different patterns. Each grade is kept up to the highest point of excellence, and patterns changed every season; base ball players may be assured that whatever grade of uniform is selected, it will be the very best that can be furnished for the money. On orders for complete sets of uniforms, we make no charge for lettering; on orders for single suits we charge Five Cents per letter. Special measurement blanks, samples of flannel and belt webbing for all the following uniforms furnished on application.

No. 0. Uniform, complete,
  Plain Pants $14.00
No. 1. Uniform, complete,
  Plain Pants 11.00
No. 2. Uniform, complete,
  Plain Pants 8.40
No. 3. Uniform, complete,
  Plain Pants 6.00
No. 4. Uniform, complete,
  Plain Pants 4.25
No. 5. Uniform, complete.
  Plain Pants 2.75
On No. 0 Uniform, Padded
  Pants extra 1.00
On Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Uniforms,
  Padded Pants .75

And Containing Every Requisite for #Athletic Sports#, mailed free to any address.

NEW YORK. CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA.

SPORTSMEN'S WEAR

Bicycle Suits, Sweaters, Tennis
Suits, Jerseys, Athletic Shoes,
Knee Pants, College and Full
Tights, Outing Caps, Ladies' &
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SEND FOR OUR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.

SPALDING'S CATCHER'S MITTS.

Highest Quality Mitt, made of the finest selected leather, heavily padded and laced all around. Each, $7.50

The "Morill" Mitt. Special design, made of finest drab buckskin, heavily padded; a soft, easy fitting mitt. Each, $6.00

No. 5/0. Spalding's League Mitt, finest selected hogskin, laced back and well padded; a strong, durable mitt. Each, $5.00

No. 0X. Spalding's "Decker Patent" Mitt, hand of soft deerskin, back of selected hogskin, laced, and sole leather reinforce on back for additional protection, well made and padded; the original catchers' mitt. Each, $3.50

No. 0. Spalding's Catchers' Mitt, hand of soft tanned deerskin, back-piece selected hogskin, laced back and well padded. Each, $3.00

No. A. Spalding's Amateur Mitt, extra quality leather, heavily padded, lace back. Each, $2.00

No. 3. Spalding's Practice Mitt, hand of grain leather, back of sheepskin, laced all around and well padded. Each, $1.00

No. 0XB. Spalding's "Decker Patent" Boys' Mitt, hand-piece of velvet tanned deerskin, back of fine hogskin, sole leather reinforced patent back for extra protection to fingers, laced and heavily padded. Each, $2.00

No. 2. Spalding's Boys' Mitt, tanned buckskin, laced back and nicely padded. Each, $1.50

No. 4. Spalding's Boys' Mitt, front and back grain leather, hand-piece yellow tanned sheepskin, laced back and well padded. Each, 50c.

No. 5. Spalding's Boys' Mitt, leather front hand-piece; a strong and durable glove for boys. Each, 25c.

OUR LATEST NOVELTY

[Illustration: Fastened by Clamp furnished with each machine, but not shown in cut]

THE "BABY" SEWING MACHINE

It is not a toy, but a perfect little Sewing Machine, and Warranted to do Good Sewing on any material that can be used on the regular sewing machine.

It uses the Wilcox & Gibbs No. 2 needle and the regular No. 60 thread. It makes a chain stitch.

It has a patent finger protector which absolutely prevents the smallest child from getting its finger under the needle, either by accident or intent.

It is simple in construction, cannot get out of order, and the smallest child can successfully work it. It is attached to table, chair or any convenient place by clamp, which is furnished with each machine. It has no attachment of any kind, is intended to do plain sewing only, and is not offered as a substitute for the family sewing machine. It is sent, complete, in a wood box, securely packed, and the machine properly adjusted, with thread, clamp, needles, and everything necessary to begin sewing the minute it is opened up. Simple directions for its operation on each box.

Each machine is thoroughly tested before leaving the factory and a sample of its sewing left on the plate. The price, $2.50, must be sent with order, and we will then send it to your nearest Express Office, all charges paid, or to any Post Office in the United States in registered package. Not sent C.O.D. Agents wanted everywhere. Write for terms.

Our Complete Catalogue contains thousands of the latest and most interesting Novelties as well as all requisites for Athletic Sports and Pastimes. Mailed free on application.

No. 3X. [The Spalding logo] Base Mitt, finest velvet
tanned buckskin, perfectly
padded, highest
quality.
Each, $3.00
[Illustration: No. 4X]

No. 4X. Spalding's Basemen's Mitt, soft tanned brown leather, fine felt padding, made in rights and lefts. Each, $2.00

No. 5X. Spalding's Basemen's Mitt, made of special gold tanned leather, well padded, rights and lefts. Each, $1.00

Spalding's Boys' Basemen's Mitt, same as our No. 5X, but smaller sizes. Each, 50c.

No. BX. [The Spalding logo] Basemen's Mitt, finest velvet tanned buckskin, laced edge, perfectly padded, highest quality. Each, $4.00

No. 2X. [The Spalding logo] Infielders' Glove, finest velvet tanned buckskin, perfectly padded, highest quality. Each, $3.00

GRAY'S PATENT.

Made of rubber and inflated with air. The only safe and reliable Body Protector.

EACH.
No. 00. Umpire Body Protector. $10.00
No. 0. League " " 10.00
No. 1. Amateur " " 6.00
No. 2. Boys' " " 5.00

Our complete Catalogue of "Spring and Summer Sports," mailed free to any address.

WE ARE THE ONLY BUILDERS OF THE

GENUINE

FAMOUS ST. LAWRENCE RIVER SKIFF.

AVOID WORTHLESS IMITATIONS.

Look for our trade-mark shield, which is placed on every boat of our manufacture.

Our eight boats, St. Lawrence River Skiffs; rowboats; sailing canoes; paddling canoe; yacht tender and small sail yacht, received

HIGHEST POSSIBLE AWARDS

AT WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.

Our single-hander Sail Boats, of modern built, fin-keel type, are immensely successful cruisers and racers.

On receipt of application, we will mail to any address our HANDSOMELY ILLUSTRATED AND DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE.

ST. LAWRENCE RIVER SKIFF, CANOE AND STEAM LAUNCH CO.,

SPALDING'S BASE BALL GOODS.

Each.
No. 0. League Club Bag, sole leather, for 18 bats $15.00
No. 1, Canvas Club Bag, leather ends, for 24 bats 5.00
No. 2. Canvas Club Bag, leather ends, for 12 bats 4.00

Each.
No. 01. Sole Leather Bag, for two bats $4.00
No. 02. Heavy Canvas Bag, leather reinforce at both ends 1.50
No. 03. Canvas Bag, leather reinforce at one end 1.00

For carrying Base Ball and other Uniforms, made to roll, and will not wrinkle or soil same, separate compartment for shoes.

Per Set.
No. 0. League Club Bases, extra quality, quilted, with spikes $7.50
No. 1. Best Canvas Bases, not quilted, with spikes 5.00
No. 2. Ordinary Canvas Bases, with spikes 4.00

Each.
No. 1. Rubber Home Plate, League regulation, $7.50
complete, with spikes
No. 2. Marble Home Plates, best quality 2.00
No. 3. Plate for Pitcher's Box 5.00

Our Complete Catalogue of "Spring and Summer Sports" Mailed
Free to Any Address.

Adopted by the United States Lawn Tennis Association, Intercollegiate
Lawn Tennis Association, Southern Lawn Tennis Association, Canadian Lawn
Tennis Association, and other Associations of the United States and
Canada.

Retail, 344 Washington St., Boston, Mass.
Wholesale, 95 Pearl St., Boston, Mass.

SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.

No. 2. INDIAN CLUBS AND DUMB BELLS. By J.H. DOUGHERTY,
Amateur Champion of America.

No. 3. BOWLING. By A.E. VOGELL. Containing instructions How to
Bowl, How to Score, How to Handicap.

No. 4. BOXING. This book is, without doubt, the most valuable manual of its kind ever published. It is fully illustrated.

No. 5. GYMNASTICS. By ROBERT STOLL, N.Y.A.C., America's
Champion on the Flying Rings since 1885.

No. 9. ATHLETES' GUIDE. Articles on Training, Sprinting, Throwing
Weights, Walking, etc., and Rules for Government of Athletic Games.

No. 10. CROQUET. Official Rules of the Game as adopted by the
National Croquet Association.

No. 11. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL FOOT BALL GUIDE AND
REFEREE'S BOOK. Revised by WALTER CAMP.

No. 12. GAELIC AND ASSOCIATION FOOT BALL. Complete
Methods and Rules of each Game.

No. 13. HANDBALL. How to Play It. Rules and Definitions, Regulation
Court and its construction, with other interesting matter.

NO. 14. CURLING, HOCKEY AND POLO. Rules governing each game, and other valuable information.

No. 15A. INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. Complete Illustrations for
Playing, with Description of Game.

No. 16. SKATING. History of Skating, from earliest appearance to the present day, to which is added a list of the most authentic records.

No. 17. BASKET BALL, Latest Revised Rules, with diagrams showing position of players, etc.

No. 18. FENCING. Complete Manual of Foil and Sabre, according to the methods of the best modern school.

No. 19. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE FOR 1894.
Complete hand-book of the National Game of Base Ball.

No. 24. OFFICIAL FOOT BALL GUIDE FOR 1894. Edited by
WALTER CAMP. Contains revised rules, portraits of leading players, etc.

EACH COPY, 10 CENTS.

AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

#REACH'S BASE BALL GOODS.#

The #Reach American Association Ball# is the best made and #guaranteed# to give satisfaction.

The #Reach Special Catchers' Mitts# used by all #League
Catchers#, made in either #Buckskin# or #Calfskin#, with
#Patent Lacing and Deep Pocket#.

We also make the famous #Irwin# line of #Catchers'# Mitts and #Fielders'# Gloves.

CHAMPION JAMES J. CORBETT

USED THE

An Exact Duplicate of the Gloves used by CORBETT will be sent upon Receipt of Price.

THE SPORTING NEWS, OF ST. LOUIS.

A Specimen Copy of the Sporting Hews will be Mailed to Anyone Sending Us His Address.

A magnificent photo-engraved picture of the New York and Baltimore Base Ball Clubs will be promptly forwarded on receipt of #$2.00# for one year's subscription to THE SPORTING NEWS. Either of these pictures will be given to anyone sending us #$1.00# for a six months' subscription to THE SPORTING NEWS.

THE SPORTING NEWS is the official organ of all minor leagues and the friend of the ball player. Advertisements inserted free for all players wanting positions, and managers desiring talent. Those interested in base ball should not fail to get a copy of this paper.

THE SPORTING NEWS, BROADWAY AND OLIVE ST., ST. LOUIS, MO.

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN!!

1. ART OF CURVE PITCHING. 3. ART OF ZIGZAG CURVE PITCHING. 2. ART OF BATTING. 4. ART OF BASE RUNNING.

These four books ought to be read by every ball player in America. Although written for amateurs they are highly recommended by professionals. You can get more information from them in two hours of careful study than you can get from field practice in #Two Years#, and for a very little money, too. They are plain, practical, and scientific, and at their low price no player can afford to be without them. Nearly 40,000 copies sold to date. Price, by mail, 15 cents each—the four at one time for 50 cents. Special discounts to clubs on receipt of stamp. A premium worth 50 cents given free to every tenth purchaser and also to everyone who orders the four books at one time. Order the four and get twice the value of your money. Read on!

THE MAGIC BASE BALL CURVER!!

As a result of careful study and experiment I have perfected a mechanical device that will enable any intelligent amateur pitcher, with a very little practice, to discount the best professional in existence in the matter of curves. It is neatly constructed on scientific principles and is a marvel of simplicity. It is so small that no one will notice it and the batsmen will wonder where those #Awful# curves come from. The pitcher who uses one of these "Curvers" has the opposing team completely at his mercy. It is worth $10 to any pitcher, but I will send it, postpaid, to any address, on receipt of 25 cents in cash or 30 cents in stamps. Send for one without delay. Write plainly. Wrap coin in paper. For any of the above, address,

N. B.—Order all goods direct from me if you desire to get a premium. Don't forget it.

PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING.

Without a doubt the most practical book ever written which illustrates and tells distinctly how any one can become an expert ball player.

Especially adapted for College Players, Amateurs and Semi-professionals. It describes the proper way to field, hints to batteries, how to become a good catcher, how to play first base, second base, and third base, also a special chapter for fielders. The articles in relation to batting, both individual and team, are the best ever written. The book contains many accurate illustrations, showing what positions to assume when at the bat, when in the field and in the pitcher's box.

Probably no man in America is more qualified to write on this subject than Arthur Irwin of the Philadelphia League Club and Coacher of the University of Pennsylvania.

A.G. SPALDING & BROS., NEW YORK, CHICAGO, PHILADELPHIA, 126-130 Nassau St. 147-149 Wabash Ave. 1216 Chestnut Street.

Steam Heated and Electric Lighted Vestibuled
Trains between Chicago, St.
Paul and Minneapolis.

Electric Lighted and Steam Heated Vestibuled
Trains between Chicago, Council
Bluffs and Omaha.

5,700 miles of road in Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, South and North Dakota.

Ticket Agents everywhere sell Tickets over the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway.

FOR ALL ATHLETIC SPORTS.

[Illustration: MORTON'S]
EACH.
No. 1. Morton's Supporter $ .35
No. 2. Rheim's Supporter .50
No. 3. Dare's Supporter 1.00
No. 100. Wrist Supporter .25
No. 200. Wrist Supporter .50
No. H. Ankle Supporter Pair, 1.25
No. 1. Stocking Supporter " .50
No. 2. Stocking Supporter " .35

CHICAGO SUSPENSORIES.
No. 70. Non-Elastic Bands. $ .25
No. 71. Elastic Buttock Bands. .50
No. 72. Full Elastic Bands. .75
No. 731/2. Elastic Bands, silk sack. 1.00
No. 75. Elastic Bands, satin top piece. 1.25
No. 76. Silk Elastic Bands, satin trimmings. 2.00

OLD POINT COMFORT.
No. 2. Elastic Bands, adjusting buckles. $1.00
No. 3. Elastic Bands, silk sack and trimmings. 1.50
No. 4. Silk Elastic Bands, satin trimmings, fine silk sack. 2.00

Send for our complete Catalogue of "Spring and Summer Sports,"
handsomely illustrated, and the most comprehensive Catalogue ever
issued.
Mailed free.

THE
THROUGH CAR ROUTE
BETWEEN CHICAGO AND
ST. PAUL,
MINNEAPOLIS,
DULUTH,
ASHLAND,
COUNCIL BLUFFS,
OMAHA,
SIOUX CITY,
DENVER,
OGDEN,
PORTLAND and
SAN FRANCISCO.

ALL AGENTS SELL TICKETS VIA THE CHICAGO AND NORTH-WESTERN RY.

CITY TICKET OFFICE: 208 CLARK STREET, CHICAGO.

W. H. NEWMAN, J. M. WHITMAN, W. B. KNISKERN, 3d Vice-Pres. Gen'l Manager. Gen. Pass. and Tickit Agt.

SPALDING'S UNIFORM GOODS.

BASE BALL BELTS.

[Illustration: No. 00.]
[Illustration: No. 2.]
[Illustration: No. 4.]
EACH.
No. 00. Special League Belt. $0.50
No. 2. Worsted Web, double leather
covered buckle. .50
No. 47. Worsted Web, single leather
covered buckle. .50

No. 23. Double strap, nickel buckle. .25 No. 4. Single strap, leather mounted, plain buckles. .15

[Illustration: 0. 3/0. 3.]
PAIR.
No. 00. Heavy, ribbed, linen sole. $1.25
No. 3/0. Extra Heavy, plain or striped. 1.50
No. 1. All Wool, heavy. 1.00
No. 2. All Wool, medium. .75
No. 3. Wool, ordinary weight. .50
No. 4. Cotton Stockings. .25
No. 5/0. Scotch Wool. 4.00
No. 4/0. Irish Wool. 2.50

[Illustration]
PAIR.
No. 2/0. The Spalding Highest
Quality Base Ball Shoe. $7.50
No. 1/0. Finest Calf, hand-sewed,
with plates. 5.00
No. 1X. Fine Calf, hand-sewed, with
plates. 4.00
No. 3P. Calf, with plates. 3.50
No. 3. Calf, no plates. 3.00

Our complete Catalogue of Spring and Summer Sports, Athletic Goods and
Uniforms, for all outings, mailed free to any address.

[Illustration: JAMES CHARLTON, GENERAL PASSENGER AND TICKET AGENT,
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.]

SPALDING'S CATCHERS' MASKS.

Spalding's Shoe Plates.
PER PAIR
No. 0. Hand Forged Toe Plates 50c.
No. 2-0. Hand Forged Heel Plates 50c.
No. 1. Professional Toe Plates 25c.
No. 1H. Professional Heel Plates 25c.
No. 2. Amateur Shoe Plates 10c.

Made of heavy brass and worn on toe of shoe.
A valuable assistant in pitching. PAIR.

Our Catalogue of "Spring and Summer Sports," handsomely illustrated, and containing every requisite for athletic sports, mailed free to any address.

NEW YORK. CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA.

I SEE YOU'RE BACK

MONON ROUTE

BETWEEN

CITY TICKET OFFICE, 232 CLARK STREET, CHICAGO.

Men's Model, made of finest selected timber, oil finish, and in three approved EACH. models, A, B and C. Each bat in separate bag. Highest Quality. #$1.00#

No. #3/0.# Spalding's Special Black End League Players' Wagon EACH.
  Tongue Ash Bat, patent rough handle. #$1.00#
No. #0/X.# Spalding's Special Black End Axletree Bat, fine straight
  grained ash. #.50#
No. #2/X.# Spalding's Black End Antique Finish Bat, extra quality
  Ash. #.25#

No. #0XB.# Spalding's Special Black End Axletree Boys' Bat; EACH.
  length, 30 and 32 inches. #$0.25#
No. #56.# Spalding's Black End Youths' Maple Bat, stained and
  polished, gilt stripes. #.10#
No. #53.# Spalding's Black End Youths' Maple Bat, polished, gilt
  stripes. #.10#
No. #54.# Spalding's Black End Boys' Maple Bat, black stripes, 26
  to 28 inches. #.05#

#Our complete Catalogue of "Spring and Summer Sports," handsomely illustrated, and containing every requisite for athletic sports, mailed free to any address.#

NEW YORK. CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA.#

[Advertisement.]
[Illustration: MICHIGAN CENTRAL
"THE NIAGARA FALLS ROUTE"
THE NORTH SHORE LIMITED]

WHAT THE PAPERS SAY:#

The Michigan Central provides the best possible service that could be expected between the East and the West.—Christian Leader, Boston.

"Comfort in Travel" has nowhere reached a higher degree of perfection than on this far and justly famed road.—Christian Herald, Detroit.

The Michigan Central is one of the best managed and most satisfactory railroads in the world to travel by.—Rochester Post Express.

"Comfort in Travel" is a phrase that among experienced travelers has come to be almost synonymous with "Michigan Central."—Democrat and Chronicle.

Safe, luxurious and fast running over a peerless track, amid the grandest scenery, the Michigan Central trains make comfort in travel a delightful reality.—Buffalo Enquirer.

"Comfort in Travel," that want of all tourist and commercial birds of passage, is invariably filled on the Michigan Central, "The Niagara Falls Route."—Evening Wisconsin.

As for the promise of "Comfort in Travel" by this road, as well as the speed and safety realized, the many thousands who pass over it will surely testify that it is kept to the letter.—The Standard, Chicago.

#CITY PASSENGER AND TICKET OFFICES#

#67 CLARK STREET, CHICAGO.

64 EXCHANGE STREET, BUFFALO.

BOODY HOUSE BLOCK, TOLEDO.

66 WOODWARD AVENUE, DETROIT.#

ROBERT MILLER, GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT, DETROIT.

O. W. RUGGLES, GENERAL PASSENGER AND TICKET AGENT, CHICAGO.

No. #0# quality Shirts, regular styles,
Each, #$6.00#
No. #1# quality Shirts, " #5.00#
No. #2# quality Shirts, " #3.75#
No. #3# quality Shirts, " #2.75#
No. #4# quality Shirts, " #2.00#

Plain. Padded.
No. #O# quality Pants, #$5.00 $6.00#
No. #1# " " #3.75 4.50#
No. #2# " " #2.75 3.50#
No. #3# " " #2.00 2.75#
No. #4# " " #1.35 2.00#

Each.
No. #O# quality, best quality. #$1.00#
No. #1# quality, lighter flannel, #.75#
No. #2# quality, good flannel, #.65#
No. #3# quality, ordinary flannel, #.50#
No. #4# quality, light flannel, #.40#

#Score Books—Pocket Sizes.#
No. #1.# Paper Cover, 7 games, Each, #10c.#
No. #2.# Board Cover, 22 games, " #25c.#
No. #3.# Board Cover, 46 games, " #50c.#

#Club Sizes.#
No. #4.# Board Cover, 30 games, Each, #$1.00#
No. #5.# Cloth Cover, 60 games, " #1.75#
No. #6.# Cloth Cover, 90 games, " #2.50#
No. #7.# Cloth Cover, 120 games, " #3.00#

Our Catalogue of Spring and Summer Sports and Athletic Uniforms, mailed free to any address.

NEW YORK. CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA.#

#Health#
SEASHORE AT SANDIEGO
GULF AT GALVESTON
MOUNTAINS—COLORADO
PLAINS OF KANSAS

For Descriptive
Pamphlets, address
G.T. NICHOLSON, G.P.A.
Monadnock Building,
CHICAGO, ILL.

The #Spalding League Ball#, adopted by the National League and American Association of Professional Base Ball Clubs. Warranted to last a full game without ripping or losing its elasticity or shape.

                                      EACH.
No. #1#. Official League Ball, $1.50
No. #0#. Double Seam Ball, 1.50
No. #1B#. Boys' League Ball, 1.00
No. #2#. Professional Ball, 1.00
No. #3#. Amateur Ball, .75
No. #5#. King of the Diamond, .50
No. #2B#. Boys' Professional, .50
No. #7#. Boys' Favorite Ball, .25
NO. #7B#. League Junior Ball, .25
No. #11#. Bouncer Ball, .25
No. #6#. Victor Ball, .20
No. #14#. Boys' Amateur Ball, .15
  (All of the above in separate box and sealed.)
No. #8#. Eureka Ball, .10
No. #9B#. Boys' Lively Ball, .10
No. #13#. Rocket Ball, .05
No. #15#. Dandy Ball, .05
No. #16#. Boss, 4-piece Ball, .05
  (The above not in separate box.)

#OUR COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF

The most complete catalogue of its kind ever issued and mailed free to any address.

These bats are finished in the natural wood, and of the most carefully selected timber. Made in three models, "A," "B" and "C," and in lengths, 33, 34 and 35 inches, thus giving sufficient variety in the lengths, weights and balance to suit the tastes of all players. Each bat is put up in a separate bag, and model and length stamped on the outside as shown on cut

From Season to Season our line of bats have shown improvement in every essential and vital quality, material and finish.

#The Spalding League Bat#.—Highest Quality. In three models, A, B and C, and lengths 33, 34 and 35 inches. Each bat in separate bag and quality guaranteed.

#The Spalding Boys' Model#.—Highest
Quality. In three reduced models,
A, B and C, and lengths 30 and 32 inches.
Each bat in separate bag and quality guaranteed.

OUR COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF

MAILED FREE TO ANY ADDRESS

The SPALDING OFFICIAL LEAGUE BALL has been the adopted Ball of the National League for the past eighteen years, and has again been adopted by the new National League and American Association for 1895 a tribute to the excellent qualities of the Spalding League Ball. Each Ball is carefully wrapped in tin foil. Packed in a box and securely sealed, and is fully warranted to stand the test, of a full game without ripping nor losing its elasticity or shape.

PRICE, PER DOZEN, $15.00. SINGLE BALL, $1.50.]

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPALDING'S BASEBALL GUIDE AND OFFICIAL LEAGUE BOOK FOR 1895 ***

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