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Title: The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section F, G and H

Author: Project Gutenberg
        Noah Webster

Release date: September 1, 1996 [eBook #663]
                Most recently updated: September 21, 2024

Language: English



*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GUTENBERG WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY: SECTION F, G AND H ***
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

Version published 1913

by the C. & G. Merriam Co.
Springfield, Mass.
Under the direction of
Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.




<! p. 535 !>

F.

F (f). 1. F is the sixth letter of the English alphabet, and a nonvocal
consonant. Its form and sound are from the Latin. The Latin borrowed
the form from the Greek digamma &?;, which probably had the value of
English w consonant. The form and value of Greek letter came from the
Phúnician, the ultimate source being probably Egyptian. Etymologically
f is most closely related to p, k, v, and b; as in E. five, Gr. pe`nte;
E. wolf, L. lupus, Gr. ly`kos; E. fox, vixen ; fragile, break; fruit,
brook, v. t.; E. bear, L. ferre. See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 178,
179, 188, 198, 230.

2. (Mus.) The name of the fourth tone of the model scale, or scale of
C. F sharp (F ) is a tone intermediate between F and G.

F clef, the bass clef. See under Clef.

Fa (f‰), n. [It.] (Mus.) (a) A syllable applied to the fourth tone of
the diatonic scale in solmization. (b) The tone F.

Fa*ba"ceous (f*b"shs), a. [L. fabaceus, fr. faba bean.] Having the
nature of a bean; like a bean.

||Fa*bel"la (?), n.; pl. Fabellae (-l&?;). [NL., dim. of L. faba a
||bean.] (Anat.) One of the small sesamoid bones situated behind the
||condyles of the femur, in some mammals.

Fa"bi*an (?), a. [L. Fabianus, Fabius, belonging to Fabius.] Of,
pertaining to, or in the manner of, the Roman general, Quintus Fabius
Maximus Verrucosus; cautious; dilatory; avoiding a decisive contest.

Fabian policy, a policy like that of Fabius Maximus, who, by carefully
avoiding decisive contests, foiled Hannibal, harassing his army by
marches, countermarches, and ambuscades; a policy of delays and
cautions.

Fa"ble (f"b'l), n. [F., fr. L. fabula, fr. fari to speak, say. See Ban,
and cf. Fabulous, Fame.] 1. A Feigned story or tale, intended to
instruct or amuse; a fictitious narration intended to enforce some
useful truth or precept; an apologue. See the Note under Apologue.

    Jotham's fable of the trees is the oldest extant.


Addison.

2. The plot, story, or connected series of events, forming the subject
of an epic or dramatic poem.

    The moral is the first business of the poet; this being formed, he
    contrives such a design or fable as may be most suitable to the
    moral.


Dryden.

3. Any story told to excite wonder; common talk; the theme of talk.
"Old wives' fables. " 1 Tim. iv. 7.

    We grew The fable of the city where we dwelt.


Tennyson.

4. Fiction; untruth; falsehood.

    It would look like a fable to report that this gentleman gives away
    a great fortune by secret methods.


Addison.

Fa"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fabled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fabling (?).]
To compose fables; hence, to write or speak fiction ; to write or utter
what is not true. "He Fables not." Shak.

    Vain now the tales which fabling poets tell.


Prior.

    He fables, yet speaks truth.


M. Arnold.

Fa"ble, v. t. To feign; to invent; to devise, and speak of, as true or
real; to tell of falsely.

    The hell thou fablest.


Milton.

Fa"bler (f"blr), n. A writer of fables; a fabulist; a dealer in
untruths or falsehoods. Bp. Hall.

||Fa`bli`au" (?), n.; pl. Fabliaux (-"). [F., fr. OF. fablel, dim. of
||fable a fable.] (Fr. Lit.) One of the metrical tales of the
||TrouvËres, or early poets of the north of France.

Fab"ric (?), n. [L. fabrica fabric, workshop: cf. F. fabrique fabric.
See Forge.] 1. The structure of anything; the manner in which the parts
of a thing are united; workmanship; texture; make; as cloth of a
beautiful fabric.

2. That which is fabricated; as: (a) Framework; structure; edifice;
building.

    Anon out of the earth a fabric huge Rose like an exhalation.


Milton.

(b) Cloth of any kind that is woven or knit from fibers, either
vegetable or animal; manufactured cloth; as, silks or other fabrics.

3. The act of constructing; construction. [R.]

    Tithe was received by the bishop, . . . for the fabric of the
    churches for the poor.


Milman.

4. Any system or structure consisting of connected parts; as, the
fabric of the universe.

    The whole vast fabric of society.


Macaulay.

Fab"ric, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fabricked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fabricking.] To frame; to build; to construct. [Obs.] "Fabric their
mansions." J. Philips.

Fab"ri*cant (?), n. [F.] One who fabricates; a manufacturer. Simmonds.

Fab"ri*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fabricated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fabricating (?).] [L. fabricatus, p. p. of fabricari, fabricare, to
frame, build, forge, fr. fabrica. See Fabric, Farge.] 1. To form into a
whole by uniting its parts; to frame; to construct; to build; as, to
fabricate a bridge or ship.

2. To form by art and labor; to manufacture; to produce; as, to
fabricate woolens.

3. To invent and form; to forge; to devise falsely; as, to fabricate a
lie or story.

    Our books were not fabricated with an accomodation to prevailing
    usages.


Paley.

Fab`ri*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fabricatio; cf. F. fabrication.] 1. The act
of fabricating, framing, or constructing; construction; manufacture;
as, the fabrication of a bridge, a church, or a government. Burke.

2. That which is fabricated; a falsehood; as, the story is doubtless a
fabrication.

Syn. -- See Fiction.

Fab"ri*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who fabricates; one who constructs or
makes.

    The fabricator of the works of Ossian.


Mason.

Fab"ri*ca`tress (?), n. A woman who fabricates.

Fab"rile (?), a. [L. fabrilis, fr. faber workman. See Forge.]
Pertaining to a workman, or to work in stone, metal, wood etc.; as,
fabrile skill.

Fab"u*list (?), n. [Cf. F. fabuliste, fr. L. fabula. See Fable.] One
who invents or writes fables.

Fab"u*lize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fabulized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fabulizing (?).] [Cf. F. fabuliser. See Fable.] To invent, compose, or
relate fables or fictions. G. S. Faber.

Fab`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. fabulositas: cf. F. fabulositÈ.] 1.
Fabulousness. [R.] Abp. Abbot.

2. A fabulous or fictitious story. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Fab"u*lous (fb"*ls), a. [L. fabulosus; cf. F. fabuleux. See Fable.] 1.
Feigned, as a story or fable; related in fable; devised; invented; not
real; fictitious; as, a fabulous description; a fabulous hero.

    The fabulous birth of Minerva.


Chesterfield.

2. Passing belief; exceedingly great; as, a fabulous price. Macaulay.

Fabulous age, that period in the history of a nation of which the only
accounts are myths and unverified legends; as, the fabulous age of
Greece and Rome.

-- Fab"u*lous*ly (#), adv. -- Fab"u*lous*ness, n.

Fab"ur*den (fb"r*den), n. [F. faux bourdon. See False, and Burden a
verse.] 1. (Mus.) (a) A species of counterpoint with a drone bass. (b)
A succession of chords of the sixth. [Obs.]

2. A monotonous refrain. [Obs.] Holland.

Fac (fk), n. [Abbrev. of facsimile.] A large ornamental letter used,
esp. by the early printers, at the commencement of the chapters and
other divisions of a book. Brande & C.

||Fa`Áade" (f`sd" or f`sd"), n. [F., fr. It. facciata, fr. faccia face,
||L. facies. See Face.] (Arch.) The front of a building; esp., the
||principal front, having some architectural pretensions. Thus a church
||is said to have its faÁade unfinished, though the interior may be in
||use.

Face (?), n. [F., from L. facies form, shape, face, perh. from facere
to make (see Fact); or perh. orig. meaning appearance, and from a root
meaning to shine, and akin to E. fancy. Cf. Facetious.] 1. The exterior
form or appearance of anything; that part which presents itself to the
view; especially, the front or upper part or surface; that which
particularly offers itself to the view of a spectator.

    A mist . . . watered the whole face of the ground.


Gen. ii. 6.

    Lake Leman wooes me with its crystal face.


Byron.

2. That part of a body, having several sides, which may be seen from
one point, or which is presented toward a certain direction; one of the
bounding planes of a solid; as, a cube has six faces.

3. (Mach.) (a) The principal dressed surface of a plate, disk, or
pulley; the principal flat surface of a part or object. (b) That part
of the acting surface of a cog in a cog wheel, which projects beyond
the pitch line. (c) The width of a pulley, or the length of a cog from
end to end; as, a pulley or cog wheel of ten inches face.

4. (Print.) (a) The upper surface, or the character upon the surface,
of a type, plate, etc. (b) The style or cut of a type or font of type.

5. Outside appearance; surface show; look; external aspect, whether
natural, assumed, or acquired.

    To set a face upon their own malignant design.


Milton.

    This would produce a new face of things in Europe.


Addison.

    We wear a face of joy, because We have been glad of yore.


Wordsworth.

6. That part of the head, esp. of man, in which the eyes, cheeks, nose,
and mouth are situated; visage; countenance.

    In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread.


Gen. iii. 19.

7. Cast of features; expression of countenance; look; air; appearance.

    We set the best faceon it we could.


Dryden.

8. (Astrol.) Ten degrees in extent of a sign of the zodiac. Chaucer.

9. Maintenance of the countenance free from abashment or confusion;
confidence; boldness; shamelessness; effrontery.

    This is the man that has the face to charge others with false
    citations.


Tillotson.

10. Presence; sight; front; as in the phrases, before the face of, in
the immediate presence of; in the face of, before, in, or against the
front of; as, to fly in the face of danger; to the face of, directly
to; from the face of, from the presence of.

11. Mode of regard, whether favorable or unfavorable; favor or anger;
mostly in Scriptural phrases.

    The Lord make his face to shine upon thee.


Num. vi. 25.

    My face [favor] will I turn also from them.


Ezek. vii. 22.

12. (Mining) The end or wall of the tunnel, drift, or excavation, at
which work is progressing or was last done.

13. (Com.) The exact amount expressed on a bill, note, bond, or other
mercantile paper, without any addition for interest or reduction for
discount. McElrath.

Face is used either adjectively or as part of a compound; as, face
guard or face-guard; face cloth; face plan or face-plan; face hammer.

Face ague (Med.), a form of neuralgia, characterized by acute
lancinating pains returning at intervals, and by twinges in certain
parts of the face, producing convulsive twitches in the corresponding
muscles; -- called also tic douloureux. -- Face card, one of a pack of
playing cards on which a human face is represented; the king, queen, or
jack. -- Face cloth, a cloth laid over the face of a corpse. -- Face
guard, a mask with windows for the eyes, worn by workman exposed to
great heat, or to flying particles of metal, stone, etc., as in glass
works, foundries, etc. -- Face hammer, a hammer having a flat face. --
Face joint (Arch.), a joint in the face of a wall or other structure.
-- Face mite (Zoˆll.), a small, elongated mite (Demdex folliculorum),
parasitic in the hair follicles of the face. -- Face mold, the templet
or pattern by which carpenters, ect., outline the forms which are to be
cut out from boards, sheet metal, ect. -- Face plate. (a) (Turning) A
plate attached to the spindle of a lathe, to which the work to be
turned may be attached. (b) A covering plate for an object, to receive
wear or shock. (c) A true plane for testing a dressed surface. Knight.
-- Face wheel. (Mach.) (a) A crown wheel. (b) A Wheel whose disk face
is adapted for grinding and polishing; a lap.

Cylinder face (Steam Engine), the flat part of a steam cylinder on
which a slide valve moves. -- Face of an anvil, its flat upper surface.
-- Face of a bastion (Fort.), the part between the salient and the
shoulder angle. -- Face of coal (Mining), the principal cleavage plane,
at right angles to the stratification. -- Face of a gun, the surface of
metal at the muzzle. -- Face of a place (Fort.), the front comprehended
between the flanked angles of two neighboring bastions. Wilhelm. --
Face of a square (Mil.), one of the sides of a battalion when formed in
a square. -- Face of a watch, clock, compass, card etc., the dial or
graduated surface on which a pointer indicates the time of day, point
of the compass, etc. -- Face to face. (a) In the presence of each
other; as, to bring the accuser and the accused face to face. (b)
Without the interposition of any body or substance. "Now we see through
a glass darkly; but then face to face." 1 Cor. xiii. 12. (c) With the
faces or finished surfaces turned inward or toward one another; vis ‡
vis; -- opposed to back to back. -- To fly in the face of, to defy; to
brave; to withstand. -- To make a face, to distort the countenance; to
make a grimace. Shak.

Face (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Faced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Facing (?).]
1. To meet in front; to oppose with firmness; to resist, or to meet for
the purpose of stopping or opposing; to confront; to encounter; as, to
face an enemy in the field of battle.

    I'll face This tempest, and deserve the name of king.


Dryden.

2. To Confront impudently; to bully.

    I will neither be facednor braved.


Shak.

3. To stand opposite to; to stand with the face or front toward; to
front upon; as, the apartments of the general faced the park.

    He gained also with his forces that part of Britain which faces
    Ireland.


Milton.

4. To cover in front, for ornament, protection, etc.; to put a facing
upon; as, a building faced with marble.

5. To line near the edge, esp. with a different material; as, to face
the front of a coat, or the bottom of a dress.

6. To cover with better, or better appearing, material than the mass
consists of, for purpose of deception, as the surface of a box of tea,
a barrel of sugar, etc.

7. (Mach.) To make the surface of (anything) flat or smooth; to dress
the face of (a stone, a casting, etc.); esp., in turning, to shape or
smooth the flat surface of, as distinguished from the cylindrical
surface.

8. To cause to turn or present a face or front, as in a particular
direction.

To face down, to put down by bold or impudent opposition. "He faced men
down." Prior. -- To face (a thing) out, to persist boldly or impudently
in an assertion or in a line of conduct. "That thinks with oaths to
face the matter out." Shak.

Face, v. i. 1. To carry a false appearance; to play the hypocrite. "To
lie, to face, to forge." Spenser.

2. To turn the face; as, to face to the right or left.

    Face about, man; a soldier, and afraid!


Dryden.

3. To present a face or front.

Faced (fst), a. Having (such) a face, or (so many) faces; as,
smooth-faced, two- faced.

Fa"cer (f"sr), n. 1. One who faces; one who puts on a false show; a
bold-faced person. [Obs.]

    There be no greater talkers, nor boasters, nor fasers.


Latimer.

2. A blow in the face, as in boxing; hence, any severe or stunning
check or defeat, as in controversy. [Collog.]

    I should have been a stercoraceous mendicant if I had hollowed when
    I got a facer.


C. Kingsley.

<! p. 536 !>

Fac"et (?), n. [F. facette, dim. of face face. See Face.] 1. A little
face; a small, plane surface; as, the facets of a diamond. [Written
also facette.]

2. (Anat.) A smooth circumscribed surface; as, the articular facet of a
bone.

3. (Arch.) The narrow plane surface between flutings of a column.

4. (Zoˆl.) One of the numerous small eyes which make up the compound
eyes of insects and crustaceans.

Fac"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Faceted; p. pr. & vb. n. Faceting.] To cut
facets or small faces upon; as, to facet a diamond.

Fa*cete" (?), a. [L. facetus elegant, fine, facetious; akin to facies.
See Face, and cf. Facetious.] Facetious; witty; humorous. [Archaic] "A
facete discourse." Jer. Taylor.

    "How to interpose" with a small, smart remark, sentiment facete, or
    unctuous anecdote.


Prof. Wilson.

-- Fa*cete"ly, adv. -- Fa*cete"ness, n.

Fac"et*ed (?), a. Having facets.

||Fa*ce"ti*Ê (&?;), n. pl. [L., fr. facetus. See Facete.] Witty or
||humorous writings or saying; witticisms; merry conceits.

Fa*ce"tious (?), a. [Cf. F. facÈtieux. See FacetiÊ.] 1. Given to wit
and good humor; merry; sportive; jocular; as, a facetious companion.

2. Characterized by wit and pleasantry; exciting laughter; as, a
facetious story or reply.

-- Fa*ce"tious*ly, adv. -- Fa*ce"tious*ness, n.

Fa*cette" (?), n. [F.] See Facet, n.

Face"work` (?), n. The material of the outside or front side, as of a
wall or building; facing.

Fa"ci*a (?), n. (Arch.) See Fascia.

Fa"cial (?), a. [LL. facialis, fr. L. facies face : cf. F. facial.] Of
or pertaining to the face; as, the facial artery, vein, or nerve. --
Fa"cial*ly, adv.

Facial angle (Anat.), the angle, in a skull, included between a
straight line (ab, in the illustrations), from the most prominent part
of the forehead to the front efge of the upper jaw bone, and another
(cd) from this point to the center of the external auditory opening.
See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.

Fa"ci*end (?), n. [From neut. of L. faciendus, gerundive of facere to
do.] (Mach.) The multiplicand. See Facient, 2.

Fa"cient (?), n. [L. faciens, -- entis, p. pr. of facere to make, do.
See Fact.] 1. One who does anything, good or bad; a doer; an agent.
[Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

2. (Mach.) (a) One of the variables of a quantic as distinguished from
a coefficient. (b) The multiplier.

The terms facient, faciend, and factum, may imply that the
multiplication involved is not ordinary multiplication, but is either
some specified operation, or, in general, any mathematical operation.
See Multiplication.

||Fa"ci*es (?), n. [L., from, face. See Face.]

1. The anterior part of the head; the face.

2. (Biol.) The general aspect or habit of a species, or group of
species, esp. with reference to its adaptation to its environment.

3. (Zoˆl.) The face of a bird, or the front of the head, excluding the
bill.

Facies Hippocratica. (Med.) See Hippocratic.

Fac"ile (?) a. [L. facilis, prop., capable of being done or made,
hence, facile, easy, fr. facere to make, do: cf. F. facile. Srr Fact,
and cf. Faculty.] 1. Easy to be done or performed: not difficult;
performable or attainable with little labor.

    Order . . . will render the work facile and delightful.


Evelyn.

2. Easy to be surmounted or removed; easily conquerable; readily
mastered.

    The facile gates of hell too slightly barred.


Milton.

3. Easy of access or converse; mild; courteous; not haughty, austere,
or distant; affable; complaisant.

    I meant she should be courteous, facile, sweet.


B. Jonson.

4. Easily persuaded to good or bad; yielding; ductile to a fault;
pliant; flexible.

    Since Adam, and his facile consort Eve, Lost Paradise, deceived by
    me.


Milton.

    This is treating Burns like a child, a person of so facile a
    disposition as not to be trusted without a keeper on the king's
    highway.


Prof. Wilson.

5. Ready; quick; expert; as, he is facile in expedients; he wields a
facile pen.

-- Fac"ile*ly, adv. -- Fac"ile*ness, n.

Fa*cil"i*tate (f*sl"*tt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Facilitated (-t`td); p.
pr. & vb. n. Facilitating (-t`tng).] [Cf. F. faciliter. See Facility.]
To make easy or less difficult; to free from difficulty or impediment;
to lessen the labor of; as, to facilitate the execution of a task.

    To invite and facilitate that line of proceeding which the times
    call for.


I. Taylor.

Fa*cil`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of facilitating or making easy.

Fa*cil"i*ty (f*sl"*t), n.; pl. Facilities (- tz). [L. facilitas, fr.
facilis easy: cf. F. facilitÈ. See Facile.] 1. The quality of being
easily performed; freedom from difficulty; ease; as, the facility of an
operation.

    The facility with which government has been overturned in France.


Burke.

2. Ease in performance; readiness proceeding from skill or use;
dexterity; as, practice gives a wonderful facility in executing works
of art.

3. Easiness to be persuaded; readiness or compliance; -- usually in a
bad sense; pliancy.

    It is a great error to take facility for good nature.


L'Estrange.

4. Easiness of access; complaisance; affability.

    Offers himself to the visits of a friend with facility.


South.

5. That which promotes the ease of any action or course of conduct;
advantage; aid; assistance; -- usually in the plural; as, special
facilities for study.

Syn. -- Ease; expertness; readiness; dexterity; complaisance;
condescension; affability. -- Facility, Expertness, Readiness. These
words have in common the idea of performing any act with ease and
promptitude. Facility supposes a natural or acquired power of
dispatching a task with lightness and ease. Expertness is the kind of
facility acquired by long practice. Readiness marks the promptitude
with which anything is done. A merchant needs great facility in
dispatching business; a banker, great expertness in casting accounts;
both need great readiness in passing from one employment to another.
"The facility which we get of doing things by a custom of doing, makes
them often pass in us without our notice." Locke. "The army was
celebrated for the expertness and valor of the soldiers." "A readiness
to obey the known will of God is the surest means to enlighten the mind
in respect to duty."

Fa"cing (?), n. 1. A covering in front, for ornament or other purpose;
an exterior covering or sheathing; as, the facing of an earthen slope,
sea wall, etc. , to strengthen it or to protect or adorn the exposed
surface.

2. A lining placed near the edge of a garment for ornament or
protection.

3. (Arch.) The finishing of any face of a wall with material different
from that of which it is chiefly composed, or the coating or material
so used.

4. (Founding) A powdered substance, as charcoal, bituminous coal, ect.,
applied to the face of a mold, or mixed with the sand that forms it, to
give a fine smooth surface to the casting.

5. (Mil.) (a) pl. The collar and cuffs of a military coat; -- commonly
of a color different from that of the coat. (b) The movement of
soldiers by turning on their heels to the right, left, or about; --
chiefly in the pl.

Facing brick, front or pressed brick.

Fa"cing*ly, adv. In a facing manner or position.

Fa*cin"o*rous (?), a. [L. facinorous, from facinus deed, bad deed, from
facere to make, do.] Atrociously wicked. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

-- Fa*cin"o*rous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Fac"ound (?), n. [F. faconde, L. facundia. See Facund.] Speech;
eloquence. [Obs.]

    Her facound eke full womanly and plain.


Chaucer.

Fac*sim"i*le (?), n.; pl. Facsimiles (-l&?;z). [L. fac simile make
like; or an abbreviation of factum simile made like; facere to make +
similes like. See Fact, and Simile.] A copy of anything made, either so
as to be deceptive or so as to give every part and detail of the
original; an exact copy or likeness.

Facsimile telegraph, a telegraphic apparatus reproducing messages in
autograph.

Fac*sim"i*le, (&?;), v. t. To make a facsimile of.

Fact (fkt), n. [L. factum, fr. facere to make or do. Cf. Feat, Affair,
Benefit, Defect, Fashion, and -fy.] 1. A doing, making, or preparing.
[Obs.]

    A project for the fact and vending Of a new kind of fucus, paint
    for ladies.


B. Jonson.

2. An effect produced or achieved; anything done or that comes to pass;
an act; an event; a circumstance.

    What might instigate him to this devilish fact, I am not able to
    conjecture.


Evelyn.

    He who most excels in fact of arms.


Milton.

3. Reality; actuality; truth; as, he, in fact, excelled all the rest;
the fact is, he was beaten.

4. The assertion or statement of a thing done or existing; sometimes,
even when false, improperly put, by a transfer of meaning, for the
thing done, or supposed to be done; a thing supposed or asserted to be
done; as, history abounds with false facts.

    I do not grant the fact.


De Foe.

    This reasoning is founded upon a fact which is not true.


Roger Long.

The term fact has in jurisprudence peculiar uses in contrast with law;
as, attorney at law, and attorney in fact; issue in law, and issue in
fact. There is also a grand distinction between law and fact with
reference to the province of the judge and that of the jury, the latter
generally determining the fact, the former the law. Burrill Bouvier.
[1913 Webster]

Accessary before, or after, the fact. See under Accessary. -- Matter of
fact, an actual occurrence; a verity; used adjectively: of or
pertaining to facts; prosaic; unimaginative; as, a matter-of-fact
narration.

Syn. -- Act; deed; performance; event; incident; occurrence;
circumstance.

Fac"tion (fk"shn), n. [L. factio a doing, a company of persons acting
together, a faction: cf. F. faction See Fashion.] 1. (Anc. Hist.) One
of the divisions or parties of charioteers (distinguished by their
colors) in the games of the circus.

2. A party, in political society, combined or acting in union, in
opposition to the government, or state; -- usually applied to a
minority, but it may be applied to a majority; a combination or clique
of partisans of any kind, acting for their own interests, especially if
greedy, clamorous, and reckless of the common good.

3. Tumult; discord; dissension.

    They remained at Newbury in great faction among themselves.


Clarendon.

Syn. -- Combination; clique; junto. See Cabal.

Fac"tion*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. factionnaire, L. factionarius the head of
a company of charioteers.] Belonging to a faction; being a partisan;
taking sides. [Obs.]

    Always factionary on the party of your general.


Shak.

Fac"tion*er (-?r), n. One of a faction. Abp. Bancroft.

Fac"tion*ist, n. One who promotes faction.

Fac"tious (?). a. [L. factiosus: cf. F. factieux.] 1. Given to faction;
addicted to form parties and raise dissensions, in opposition to
government or the common good; turbulent; seditious; prone to clamor
against public measures or men; -- said of persons.

    Factious for the house of Lancaster.


Shak.

2. Pertaining to faction; proceeding from faction; indicating, or
characterized by, faction; -- said of acts or expressions; as, factious
quarrels.

    Headlong zeal or factious fury.


Burke.

-- Fac"tious*ly, adv. -- Fac"tious- ness, n.

Fac*ti"tious (?), a. [L. factitius, fr. facere to make. See Fact, and
cf. Fetich.] Made by art, in distinction from what is produced by
nature; artificial; sham; formed by, or adapted to, an artificial or
conventional, in distinction from a natural, standard or rule; not
natural; as, factitious cinnabar or jewels; a factitious taste. --
Fac-ti"tious*ly, adv. -- Fac*ti"tious-ness, n.

    He acquires a factitious propensity, he forms an incorrigible
    habit, of desultory reading.


De Quincey.

Syn. -- Unnatural. -- Factitious, Unnatural. Anything is unnatural when
it departs in any way from its simple or normal state; it is factitious
when it is wrought out or wrought up by labor and effort, as, a
factitious excitement. An unnatural demand for any article of
merchandise is one which exceeds the ordinary rate of consumption; a
factitious demand is one created by active exertions for the purpose.
An unnatural alarm is one greater than the occasion requires; a
factitious alarm is one wrought up with care and effort.

Fac"ti*tive (?). a. [See Fact.] 1. Causing; causative.

2. (Gram.) Pertaining to that relation which is proper when the act, as
of a transitive verb, is not merely received by an object, but produces
some change in the object, as when we say, He made the water wine.

    Sometimes the idea of activity in a verb or adjective involves in
    it a reference to an effect, in the way of causality, in the active
    voice on the immediate objects, and in the passive voice on the
    subject of such activity. This second object is called the
    factitive object.


J. W. Gibbs.

Fac"tive (?), a. Making; having power to make. [Obs.] "You are . . .
factive, not destructive." Bacon.

||Fac"to (?), adv. [L., ablative of factum deed, fact.] (Law) In fact;
||by the act or fact.

De facto. (Law) See De facto.

Fac"tor (?), n. [L. factor a doer: cf. F. facteur a factor. See Fact.]
1. (Law) One who transacts business for another; an agent; a
substitute; especially, a mercantile agent who buys and sells goods and
transacts business for others in commission; a commission merchant or
consignee. He may be a home factor or a foreign factor. He may buy and
sell in his own name, and he is intrusted with the possession and
control of the goods; and in these respects he differs from a broker.
Story. Wharton.

    My factor sends me word, a merchant's fled That owes me for a
    hundred tun of wine.


Marlowe.

2. A steward or bailiff of an estate. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

3. (Math.) One of the elements or quantities which, when multiplied
together, form a product.

4. One of the elements, circumstances, or influences which contribute
to produce a result; a constituent.

    The materal and dynamical factors of nutrition.


H. Spencer.

Fac"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Factored (-t?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Factoring.] (Mach.) To resolve (a quantity) into its factors.

Fac"tor*age (?), n. [Cf. F. factorage.] The allowance given to a
factor, as a compensation for his services; -- called also a
commission.

Fac"tor*ess (?), n. A factor who is a woman. [R.]

Fac*to"ri*al (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a factory. Buchanan.

2. (Math.) Related to factorials.

Fac*to"ri*al, n. (Math.) (a) pl. A name given to the factors of a
continued product when the former are derivable from one and the same
function F(x) by successively imparting a constant increment or
decrement h to the independent variable. Thus the product F(x).F(x +
h).F(x + 2h) . . . F[x + (n-1)h] is called a factorial term, and its
several factors take the name of factorials. Brande & C.

(b) The product of the consecutive numbers from unity up to any given
number.

Fac"tor*ing (?), n. (Math.) The act of resolving into factors.

Fac"tor*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Factorized (-?zd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Factorizing (-?"z?ng).] (Law) (a) To give warning to; -- said of a
person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, the warning
being to the effect that he shall not pay the money or deliver the
property of the defendant in his hands to him, but appear and answer
the suit of the plaintiff. (b) To attach (the effects of a debtor) in
the hands of a third person ; to garnish. See Garnish. [Vt. & Conn.]

Fac"tor*ship, n. The business of a factor.

Fac"to*ry (?), n.; pl. Factories (-r&?;z). [Cf. F. factorerie.] 1. A
house or place where factors, or commercial agents, reside, to transact
business for their employers. "The Company's factory at Madras." Burke.

2. The body of factors in any place; as, a chaplain to a British
factory. W. Guthrie.

3. A building, or collection of buildings, appropriated to the
manufacture of goods; the place where workmen are employed in
fabricating goods, wares, or utensils; a manufactory; as, a cotton
factory.

Factory leg (Med.), a variety of bandy leg, associated with partial
dislocation of the tibia, produced in young children by working in
factories.

Fac*to"tum (fk*t"tm), n.; pl. Factotums (- tmz). [L., do everything;
facere to do + totus all : cf. F. factotum. See Fact, and Total.] A
person employed to do all kinds of work or business. B. Jonson.

Fac"tu*al (fk*t"al), a. Relating to, or containing, facts. [R.]

<! p. 537 !>

||Fac"tum (fk"tm), n.; pl. Facta (#). [L. See Fact.] 1. (Law) A man's
||own act and deed; particularly: (a) (Civil Law) Anything stated and
||made certain. (b) (Testamentary Law) The due execution of a will,
||including everything necessary to its validity.

2. (Mach.) The product. See Facient, 2.

Fac"ture (?), n. [F. facture a making, invoice, L. factura a making.
See Fact.] 1. The act or manner of making or doing anything; -- now
used of a literary, musical, or pictorial production. Bacon.

2. (Com.) An invoice or bill of parcels.

||Fac"u*lÊ (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of facula a little torch.] (Astron.)
||Groups of small shining spots on the surface of the sun which are
||brighter than the other parts of the photosphere. They are generally
||seen in the neighborhood of the dark spots, and are supposed to be
||elevated portions of the photosphere. Newcomb.

Fac"u*lar (?) a. (Astron.) Of or pertaining to the faculÊ. R. A.
Proctor.

Fac"ul*ty (?), n.; pl. Faculties (#). [F. facult&?;, L. facultas, fr.
facilis easy (cf. facul easily), fr. fecere to make. See Fact, and cf.
Facility.] 1. Ability to act or perform, whether inborn or cultivated;
capacity for any natural function; especially, an original mental power
or capacity for any of the well-known classes of mental activity;
psychical or soul capacity; capacity for any of the leading kinds of
soul activity, as knowledge, feeling, volition; intellectual endowment
or gift; power; as, faculties of the mind or the soul.

    But know that in the soul Are many lesser faculties that serve
    Reason as chief.


Milton.

    What a piece of work is a man ! how noble in reason ! how infinite
    in faculty !


Shak.

2. Special mental endowment; characteristic knack.

    He had a ready faculty, indeed, of escaping from any topic that
    agitated his too sensitive and nervous temperament.


Hawthorne.

3. Power; prerogative or attribute of office. [R.]

    This Duncan Hath borne his faculties so meek.


Shak.

4. Privilege or permission, granted by favor or indulgence, to do a
particular thing; authority; license; dispensation.

    The pope . . . granted him a faculty to set him free from his
    promise.


Fuller.

    It had not only faculty to inspect all bishops' dioceses, but to
    change what laws and statutes they should think fit to alter among
    the colleges.


Evelyn.

5. A body of a men to whom any specific right or privilege is granted;
formerly, the graduates in any of the four departments of a university
or college (Philosophy, Law, Medicine, or Theology), to whom was
granted the right of teaching (profitendi or docendi) in the department
in which they had studied; at present, the members of a profession
itself; as, the medical faculty; the legal faculty, ect.

6. (Amer. Colleges) The body of person to whom are intrusted the
government and instruction of a college or university, or of one of its
departments; the president, professors, and tutors in a college.

Dean of faculty. See under Dean. -- Faculty of advocates. (Scot.) See
under Advocate.

Syn. -- Talent; gift; endowment; dexterity; expertness; cleverness;
readiness; ability; knack.

Fac"und (?), a. [L. facundus, fr. fari to speak.] Eloquent. [Archaic]

Fa*cun"di*ous (?), a. [L. facundiosus.] Eloquement; full of words.
[Archaic]

Fa*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. facunditas.] Eloquence; readiness of speech.
[Archaic]

Fad (?), n. [Cf. Faddle.] A hobby ; freak; whim. -- Fad"dist, n.

    It is your favorite fad to draw plans.


G. Eliot.

Fad"dle (?), v. i. [Cf. Fiddle, Fiddle-faddle.] To trifle; to toy. --
v. t. To fondle; to dandle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Fade (?) a. [F., prob. fr. L. vapidus vapid, or possibly fr,fatuus
foolish, insipid.] Weak; insipid; tasteless; commonplace. [R.]
"Passages that are somewhat fade." Jeffrey.

    His masculine taste gave him a sense of something fade and
    ludicrous.


De Quincey.

Fade (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Faded; p. pr. & vb. n. Fading.] [OE.
faden, vaden, prob. fr. fade, a.; cf. Prov. D. vadden to fade, wither,
vaddigh languid, torpid. Cf. Fade, a., Vade.] 1. To become fade; to
grow weak; to lose strength; to decay; to perish gradually; to wither,
as a plant.

    The earth mourneth and fadeth away.


Is. xxiv. 4.

2. To lose freshness, color, or brightness; to become faint in hue or
tint; hence, to be wanting in color. "Flowers that never fade." Milton.

3. To sink away; to disappear gradually; to grow dim; to vanish.

    The stars shall fade away.


Addison

    He makes a swanlike end, Fading in music.


Shak.

Fade, v. t. To cause to wither; to deprive of freshness or vigor; to
wear away.

    No winter could his laurels fade.


Dryden.

Fad"ed (?), a. That has lost freshness, color, or brightness; grown
dim. "His faded cheek." Milton.

    Where the faded moon Made a dim silver twilight.


Keats.

Fad"ed*ly, adv. In a faded manner.

    A dull room fadedly furnished.


Dickens.

Fade"less, a. Not liable to fade; unfading.

Fa"der (?), n. Father. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fadge (?), v. i. [Cf. OE. faden to flatter, and AS. f&?;gan to join,
unit, G. f¸gen, or AS. fÊgian to depict; all perh. form the same root
as E. fair. Cf. Fair, a., Fay to fit.] To fit; to suit; to agree.

    They shall be made, spite of antipathy, to fadge together.


Milton.

    Well, Sir, how fadges the new design ?


Wycherley.

Fadge (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A small flat loaf or thick cake;
also, a fagot. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Fad"ing (?), a. Losing freshness, color, brightness, or vigor. -- n.
Loss of color, freshness, or vigor. -- Fad"ing*ly, adv. --
Fad"ing*ness, n.

Fad"ing, n. An Irish dance; also, the burden of a song. "Fading is a
fine jig." [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Fad"me (?), n. A fathom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fad"y (?), a. Faded. [R.] Shenstone.

FÊ"cal (?), a. See Fecal.

||FÊ"ces (?), n. pl. [L. faex, pl. faeces, dregs.] Excrement; ordure;
||also, settlings; sediment after infusion or distillation. [Written
||also feces.]

||FÊc"u*la (?), n. [L.] See Fecula.

Fa"Îr*y (?), n. & a. Fairy. [Archaic] Spenser.

Faf"fle (?), v. i. [Cf. Famble, Maffle.] To stammer. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

Fag (fg) n. A knot or coarse part in cloth. [Obs.]

Fag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fagged (fgd); p. pr. & vb. n. Fagging
(fg"gng).] [Cf. LG. fakk wearied, weary, vaak slumber, drowsiness,
OFries. fai, equiv. to fch devoted to death, OS. fgi, OHG. feigi, G.
feig, feige, cowardly, Icel. feigr fated to die, AS. fge, Scot. faik,
to fail, stop, lower the price; or perh. the same word as E. flag to
droop.] 1. To become weary; to tire. [1913 Webster]

    Creighton withheld his force till the Italian began to fag.


G. Mackenzie.

2. To labor to wearness; to work hard; to drudge.

    Read, fag, and subdue this chapter.


Coleridge.

3. To act as a fag, or perform menial services or drudgery, for
another, as in some English schools.

To fag out, to become untwisted or frayed, as the end of a rope, or the
edge of canvas.

Fag, v. t. 1. To tire by labor; to exhaust; as, he was almost fagged
out.

2. Anything that fatigues. [R.]

    It is such a fag, I came back tired to death.


Miss Austen.

Brain fag. (Med.) See Cerebropathy.

Fag"-end" (?), n. 1. An end of poorer quality, or in a spoiled
condition, as the coarser end of a web of cloth, the untwisted end of a
rope, ect.

2. The refuse or meaner part of anything.

    The fag-end of business.


Collier.

Fag"ging (fg"gng), n. Laborious drudgery; esp., the acting as a drudge
for another at an English school.

Fag"ot (fg"t) n. [F., prob. aug. of L. fax, facis, torch, perh. orig.,
a bundle of sticks; cf. Gr. fa`kelos bundle, fagot. Cf. Fagotto.] 1. A
bundle of sticks, twigs, or small branches of trees, used for fuel, for
raising batteries, filling ditches, or other purposes in fortification;
a fascine. Shak.

2. A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked over into bars or
other shapes by rolling or hammering at a welding heat; a pile.

3. (Mus.) A bassoon. See Fagotto.

4. A person hired to take the place of another at the muster of a
company. [Eng.] Addison.

5. An old shriveled woman. [Slang, Eng.]

Fagot iron, iron, in bars or masses, manufactured from fagots. -- Fagot
vote, the vote of a person who has been constituted a voter by being
made a landholder, for party purposes. [Political cant, Eng.]

Fag"ot (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fagoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fagoting.] To
make a fagot of; to bind together in a fagot or bundle; also, to
collect promiscuously. Dryden.

||Fa*got"to (?), n. [It. See Fagot.] (Mus.) The bassoon; -- so called
||from being divided into parts for ease of carriage, making, as it
||were, a small fagot.

||Fa"ham (?), n. The leaves of an orchid (Angraecum fragrans), of the
||islands of Bourbon and Mauritius, used (in France) as a substitute
||for Chinese tea.

||Fahl"band` (?), n. [G., fr. fahl dun-colored + band a band.] (Mining)
||A stratum in crystalline rock, containing metallic sulphides.
||Raymond.

{ Fahl"erz (?), Fahl"band (?), } n. [G. fahlerz; fahl dun-colored,
fallow + erz ore.] (Min.) Same as Tetrahedrite.

Fah"lun*ite (f‰"ln*t), n. [From Fahlun, a place in Sweden.] (Min.) A
hydrated silica of alumina, resulting from the alteration of iolite.
[1913 Webster]

Fah"ren*heit (?) a. [G.] Conforming to the scale used by Gabriel Daniel
Fahrenheit in the graduation of his thermometer; of or relating to
Fahrenheit's thermometric scale. -- n. The Fahrenheit thermometer or
scale.

The Fahrenheit thermometer is so graduated that the freezing point of
water is at 32 degrees above the zero of its scale, and the boiling
point at 212 degrees above. It is commonly used in the United States
and in England.

||Fa`Ô*ence" (?), n. [F., fr. Faenza, a town in Italy, the original
||place of manufacture.] Glazed earthenware; esp., that which is
||decorated in color.

Fail (fl) v. i. [imp. & p. p. Failed (fld); p. pr. & vb. n. Failing.]
[F. failir, fr. L. fallere, falsum, to deceive, akin to E. fall. See
Fail, and cf. Fallacy, False, Fault.] 1. To be wanting; to fall short;
to be or become deficient in any measure or degree up to total absence;
to cease to be furnished in the usual or expected manner, or to be
altogether cut off from supply; to be lacking; as, streams fail; crops
fail.

    As the waters fail from the sea.


Job xiv. 11.

    Till Lionel's issue fails, his should not reign.


Shak.

2. To be affected with want; to come short; to lack; to be deficient or
unprovided; -- used with of.

    If ever they fail of beauty, this failure is not be attributed to
    their size.


Berke.

3. To fall away; to become diminished; to decline; to decay; to sink.

    When earnestly they seek Such proof, conclude they then begin to
    fail.


Milton.

4. To deteriorate in respect to vigor, activity, resources, etc.; to
become weaker; as, a sick man fails.

5. To perish; to die; -- used of a person. [Obs.]

    Had the king in his last sickness failed.


Shak.

6. To be found wanting with respect to an action or a duty to be
performed, a result to be secured, etc.; to miss; not to fulfill
expectation.

    Take heed now that ye fail not to do this.


Ezra iv. 22.

    Either my eyesight fails, or thou look'st pale.


Shak.

7. To come short of a result or object aimed at or desired ; to be
baffled or frusrated.

    Our envious foe hath failed.


Milton.

8. To err in judgment; to be mistaken.

    Which ofttimes may succeed, so as perhaps Shall grieve him, if I
    fail not.


Milton.

9. To become unable to meet one's engagements; especially, to be unable
to pay one's debts or discharge one's business obligation; to become
bankrupt or insolvent.

Fail (?), v. t. 1. To be wanting to ; to be insufficient for; to
disappoint; to desert.

    There shall not fail thee a man on the throne.


1 Kings ii. 4.

2. To miss of attaining; to lose. [R.]

    Though that seat of earthly bliss be failed.


Milton.

Fail, n. [OF. faille, from failir. See Fail, v. i.] 1. Miscarriage;
failure; deficiency; fault; -- mostly superseded by failure or failing,
except in the phrase without fail. "His highness' fail of issue." Shak.

2. Death; decease. [Obs.] Shak.

Fail"ance (?), n. [Of. faillance, fr. faillir.] Fault; failure;
omission. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

Fail"ing, n. 1. A failing short; a becoming deficient; failure;
deficiency; imperfection; weakness; lapse; fault; infirmity; as, a
mental failing.

    And ever in her mind she cast about For that unnoticed failing in
    herself.


Tennyson.

2. The act of becoming insolvent of bankrupt.

Syn. -- See Fault.

||Faille (?), n. [F.] A soft silk, heavier than a foulard and not
||glossy.

Fail"ure (?), n. [From Fail.] 1. Cessation of supply, or total defect;
a failing; deficiency; as, failure of rain; failure of crops.

2. Omission; nonperformance; as, the failure to keep a promise.

3. Want of success; the state of having failed.

4. Decay, or defect from decay; deterioration; as, the failure of
memory or of sight.

5. A becoming insolvent; bankruptcy; suspension of payment; as, failure
in business.

6. A failing; a slight fault. [Obs.] Johnson.

Fain (?), a. [OE. fain, fagen, AS. fÊgen; akin to OS. fagan, Icel.
faginn glad; AS. fÊgnian to rejoice, OS. fagann, Icel. fagna, Goth.
faginn, cf. Goth. fahds joy; and fr. the same root as E. fair. Srr
Fair, a., and cf. Fawn to court favor.] 1. Well-pleased; glad; apt;
wont; fond; inclined.

    Men and birds are fain of climbing high.


Shak.

    To a busy man, temptation is fainto climb up together with his
    business.


Jer. Taylor.

2. Satisfied; contented; also, constrained. Shak.

    The learned Castalio was fain to make trechers at Basle to keep
    himself from starving.


Locke.

Fain, adv. With joy; gladly; -- with wold.

    He would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the swine
    did eat.


Luke xv. 16.

    Fain Would I woo her, yet I dare not.


Shak.

Fain, v. t. & i. To be glad ; to wish or desire. [Obs.]

    Whoso fair thing does fain to see.


Spencer.

||Fai`nÈ`ant" (f`n`‰N"), a. [F.; fait he does + nÈant nothing.] Doing
||nothing; shiftless. -- n. A do-nothing; an idle fellow; a sluggard.
||Sir W. Scott.

Faint (fnt), a. [Compar. Fainter (-r); superl. Faintest.] [OE. feint,
faint, false, faint, F. feint, p. p. of feindre to feign, suppose,
hesitate. See Feign, and cf. Feint.] 1. Lacking strength; weak;
languid; inclined to swoon; as, faint with fatigue, hunger, or thirst.

2. Wanting in courage, spirit, or energy; timorous; cowardly; dejected;
depressed; as, "Faint heart ne'er won fair lady." Old Proverb.

3. Lacking distinctness; hardly perceptible; striking the senses
feebly; not bright, or loud, or sharp, or forcible; weak; as, a faint
color, or sound.

4. Performed, done, or acted, in a weak or feeble manner; not
exhibiting vigor, strength, or energy; slight; as, faint efforts; faint
resistance.

    The faint prosecution of the war.


Sir J. Davies.

Faint, n. The act of fainting, or the state of one who has fainted; a
swoon. [R.] See Fainting, n.

    The saint, Who propped the Virgin in her faint.


Sir W. Scott.

Faint, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fainting.] 1. To
become weak or wanting in vigor; to grow feeble; to lose strength and
color, and the control of the bodily or mental functions; to swoon; --
sometimes with away. See Fainting, n.

    Hearing the honor intended her, she fainted away.


Guardian.

    If I send them away fasting . . . they will faint by the way.


Mark viii. 8.

<! p. 538 !>

2. To sink into dejection; to lose courage or spirit; to become
depressed or despondent.

    If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small.


Prov. xxiv. 10.

3. To decay; to disappear; to vanish.

    Gilded clouds, while we gaze upon them, faint before the eye.


Pope.

Faint (?), v. t. To cause to faint or become dispirited; to depress; to
weaken. [Obs.]

    It faints me to think what follows.


Shak.

Faint"-heart`ed (?), a. Wanting in courage; depressed by fear; easily
discouraged or frightened; cowardly; timorous; dejected.

    Fear not, neither be faint- hearted.


Is. vii. 4.

-- Faint"-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- Faint"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Faint"ing (?), n. Syncope, or loss of consciousness owing to a sudden
arrest of the blood supply to the brain, the face becoming pallid, the
respiration feeble, and the heat's beat weak.

Fainting fit, a fainting or swoon; syncope. [Colloq.]

Faint"ish, a. Slightly faint; somewhat faint. -- Faint"ish*ness, n.

Faint"ling (?), a. Timorous; feeble-minded. [Obs.] "A fainting, silly
creature." Arbuthnot.

Faint"ly, adv. In a faint, weak, or timidmanner.

Faint"ness, n. 1. The state of being faint; loss of strength, or of
consciousness, and self-control.

2. Want of vigor or energy. Spenser.

3. Feebleness, as of color or light; lack of distinctness; as,
faintness of description.

4. Faint-heartedness; timorousness; dejection.

    I will send a faintness into their hearts.


Lev. xxvi. 36.

Faints (?), n. pl. The impure spirit which comes over first and last in
the distillation of whisky; -- the former being called the strong
faints, and the latter, which is much more abundant, the weak faints.
This crude spirit is much impregnated with fusel oil. Ure.

Faint"y (?), a. Feeble; languid. [R.] Dryden.

Fair (f‚r), a. [Compar. Fairer (?); superl. Fairest.] [OE. fair, fayer,
fager, AS. fÊger; akin to OS. & OHG. fagar, Icel. fagr, Sw. fager, Dan.
faver, Goth. fagrs fit, also to E. fay, G. f¸gen, to fit. fegen to
sweep, cleanse, and prob. also to E. fang, peace, pact, Cf. Fang, Fain,
Fay to fit.] 1. Free from spots, specks, dirt, or imperfection;
unblemished; clean; pure.

    A fair white linen cloth.


Book of Common Prayer.

2. Pleasing to the eye; handsome; beautiful.

    Who can not see many a fair French city, for one fair French made.


Shak.

3. Without a dark hue; light; clear; as, a fair skin.

    The northern people large and fair- complexioned.


Sir M. Hale.

4. Not overcast; cloudless; clear; pleasant; propitious; favorable; --
said of the sky, weather, or wind, etc.; as, a fair sky; a fair day.

    You wish fair winds may waft him over.


Prior.

5. Free from obstacles or hindrances; unobstructed; unincumbered; open;
direct; -- said of a road, passage, etc.; as, a fair mark; in fair
sight; a fair view.

    The caliphs obtained a mighty empire, which was in a fair way to
    have enlarged.


Sir W. Raleigh.

6. (Shipbuilding) Without sudden change of direction or curvature;
smooth; flowing; -- said of the figure of a vessel, and of surfaces,
water lines, and other lines.

7. Characterized by frankness, honesty, impartiality, or candor; open;
upright; free from suspicion or bias; equitable; just; -- said of
persons, character, or conduct; as, a fair man; fair dealing; a fair
statement. "I would call it fair play." Shak.

8. Pleasing; favorable; inspiring hope and confidence; -- said of
words, promises, etc.

    When fair words and good counsel will not prevail on us, we must be
    frighted into our duty.


L' Estrange.

9. Distinct; legible; as, fair handwriting.

10. Free from any marked characteristic; average; middling; so-so; as,
a fair specimen.

    The news is very fair and good, my lord.


Shak.

Fair ball. (Baseball) (a) A ball passing over the home base at the
height called for by the batsman, and delivered by the pitcher while
wholly within the lines of his position and facing the batsman. (b) A
batted ball that falls inside the foul lines; -- called also a fair
hit. -- Fair maid. (Zoˆl.) (a) The European pilchard (Clupea
pilchardus) when dried. (b) The southern scup (Stenotomus Gardeni).
[Virginia] -- Fair one, a handsome woman; a beauty, -- Fair play,
equitable or impartial treatment; a fair or equal chance; justice. --
From fair to middling, passable; tolerable. [Colloq.] -- The fair sex,
the female sex.

Syn. -- Candid; open; frank; ingenuous; clear; honest; equitable;
impartial; reasonable. See Candid.

Fair, adv. Clearly; openly; frankly; civilly; honestly; favorably;
auspiciously; agreeably.

Fair and square, justly; honestly; equitably; impartially. [Colloq.] --
To bid fair. See under Bid. -- To speak fair, to address with courtesy
and frankness. [Archaic]

Fair, n. 1. Fairness, beauty. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A fair woman; a sweetheart.

    I have found out a gift for my fair.


Shenstone.

3. Good fortune; good luck.

    Now fair befall thee !


Shak.

The fair, anything beautiful; women, collectively. "For slander's mark
was ever yet the fair." Shak.

Fair, v. t. 1. To make fair or beautiful. [Obs.]

    Fairing the foul.


Shak.

2. (Shipbuilding) To make smooth and flowing, as a vessel's lines.

Fair, n. [OE. feire, OF. feire, F. foire, fr. L. fariae, pl., days of
rest, holidays, festivals, akin to festus festal. See Feast.] 1. A
gathering of buyers and sellers, assembled at a particular place with
their merchandise at a stated or regular season, or by special
appointment, for trade.

2. A festival, and sale of fancy articles. erc., usually for some
charitable object; as, a Grand Army fair.

3. A competitive exhibition of wares, farm products, etc., not
primarily for purposes of sale; as, the Mechanics' fair; an
agricultural fair.

After the fair, Too late. [Colloq.]

Fair"-haired` (?), a. Having fair or light-colored hair.

Fair"hood (?), n. Fairness; beauty. [Obs.] Foxe.

Fair"i*ly (?), adv. In the manner of a fairy.

    Numerous as shadows haunting fairily The brain.


Keats.

Fair"ing, n. A present; originally, one given or purchased at a fair.
Gay.

Fairing box, a box receiving savings or small sums of money. Hannah
More.

Fair"ish, a. Tolerably fair. [Colloq.] W. D. Howells.

Fair"-lead`er (?), n. (Naut.) A block, or ring, serving as a guide for
the running rigging or for any rope.

Fair"ly, adv. 1. In a fair manner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully;
distinctly; frankly.

    Even the nature of Mr. Dimmesdale's disease had never fairly been
    revealed to him.


Hawthorne.

2. Favorably; auspiciously; commodiously; as, a town fairly situated
for foreign trade.

3. Honestly; properly.

    Such means of comfort or even luxury, as lay fairly within their
    grasp.


Hawthorne.

4. Softly; quietly; gently. [Obs.] Milton.

Fair"-mind`ed (?), a. Unprejudiced; just; judicial; honest. -- Fair"-
mind`ed*ness, n.

Fair"-na`tured (?), a. Well- disposed. "A fair-natured prince." Ford.

Fair"ness, n. The state of being fair, or free form spots or stains, as
of the skin; honesty, as of dealing; candor, as of an argument, etc.

Fair"-spo`ken (?), a. Using fair speech, or uttered with fairness;
bland; civil; courteous; plausible. "A marvelous fair-spoken man."
Hooker.

Fair"way` (?), n. The navigable part of a river, bay, etc., through
which vessels enter or depart; the part of a harbor or channel ehich is
kept open and unobstructed for the passage of vessels. Totten.

Fair"-weath`er (?), a. 1. Made or done in pleasant weather, or in
circumstances involving but little exposure or sacrifice; as, a
fair-weather voyage. Pope.

2. Appearing only when times or circumstances are prosperous; as, a
fair-weather friend.

Fair-weather sailor, a make-believe or inexperienced sailor; -- the
nautical equivalent of carpet knight.

Fair"-world` (?) n. State of prosperity. [Obs.]

    They think it was never fair-world with them since.


Milton.

Fair"y (?), n.; pl. Fairies (#). [OE. fairie, faierie, enchantment,
fairy folk, fairy, OF. faerie enchantment, F. fÈer, fr. LL. Fata one of
the goddesses of fate. See Fate, and cf. Fay a fairy.] [Written also
faÎry.] 1. Enchantment; illusion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    The God of her has made an end, And fro this worlde's fairy Hath
    taken her into company.


Gower.

2. The country of the fays; land of illusions. [Obs.]

    He [Arthur] is a king y-crowned in Fairy.


Lydgate.

3. An imaginary supernatural being or spirit, supposed to assume a
human form (usually diminutive), either male or female, and to meddle
for good or evil in the affairs of mankind; a fay. See Elf, and Demon.

    The fourth kind of spirit [is] called the Fairy.


K. James.

    And now about the caldron sing, Like elves and fairies in a ring.


Shak.

5. An enchantress. [Obs.] Shak.

Fairy of the mine, an imaginary being supposed to inhabit mines, etc.
German folklore tells of two species; one fierce and malevolent, the
other gentle, See Kobold.

    No goblin or swart fairy of the mine Hath hurtful power over true
    virginity.


Milton.

Fair"y, a. 1. Of or pertaining to fairies.

2. Given by fairies; as, fairy money. Dryden.

Fairy bird (Zoˆl.), the Euoropean little tern (Sterna minuta); --
called also sea swallow, and hooded tern. -- Fairy bluebird. (Zoˆl.)
See under Bluebird. -- Fairy martin (Zoˆl.), a European swallow
(Hirrundo ariel) that builds flask-shaped nests of mud on overhanging
cliffs. -- Fairy rings or circles, the circles formed in grassy lawns
by certain fungi (as Marasmius Oreades), formerly supposed to be caused
by fairies in their midnight dances. -- Fairy shrimp (Zoˆl.), a
European fresh-water phyllopod crustacean (Chirocephalus diaphanus); --
so called from its delicate colors, transparency, and graceful motions.
The name is sometimes applied to similar American species. -- Fairy
stone (Paleon.), an echinite.

Fair"y*land` (?) n. The imaginary land or abode of fairies.

Fair"y*like` (?), a. Resembling a fairy, or what is made or done be
fairies; as, fairylike music.

Faith (fth), n. [OE. feith, fayth, fay, OF. feid, feit, fei, F. foi,
fr. L. fides; akin to fidere to trust, Gr. pei`qein to persuade. The
ending th is perhaps due to the influence of such words as truth,
health, wealth. See Bid, Bide, and cf. Confide, Defy, Fealty.] 1.
Belief; the assent of the mind to the truth of what is declared by
another, resting solely and implicitly on his authority and veracity;
reliance on testimony.

2. The assent of the mind to the statement or proposition of another,
on the ground of the manifest truth of what he utters; firm and earnest
belief, on probable evidence of any kind, especially in regard to
important moral truth.

    Faith, that is, fidelity, -- the fealty of the finite will and
    understanding to the reason.


Coleridge.

3. (Theol.) (a) The belief in the historic truthfulness of the
Scripture narrative, and the supernatural origin of its teachings,
sometimes called historical and speculative faith. (b) The belief in
the facts and truth of the Scriptures, with a practical love of them;
especially, that confiding and affectionate belief in the person and
work of Christ, which affects the character and life, and makes a man a
true Christian, -- called a practical, evangelical, or saving faith.

    Without faith it is impossible to please him [God].


Heb. xi. 6.

    The faith of the gospel is that emotion of the mind which is called
    "trust" or "confidence" exercised toward the moral character of
    God, and particularly of the Savior.


Dr. T. Dwight.

    Faith is an affectionate, practical confidence in the testimony of
    God.


J. Hawes.

4. That which is believed on any subject, whether in science, politics,
or religion; especially (Theol.), a system of religious belief of any
kind; as, the Jewish or Mohammedan faith; and especially, the system of
truth taught by Christ; as, the Christian faith; also, the creed or
belief of a Christian society or church.

    Which to believe of her, Must be a faith that reason without
    miracle Could never plant in me.


Shak.

    Now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed.


Gal. i. 23.

5. Fidelity to one's promises, or allegiance to duty, or to a person
honored and beloved; loyalty.

    Children in whom is no faith.


Deut. xxvii. 20.

    Whose failing, while her faith to me remains, I should conceal.


Milton.

6. Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity; as, he violated his
faith.

    For you alone I broke me faith with injured Palamon.


Dryden.

7. Credibility or truth. [R.]

    The faith of the foregoing narrative.


Mitford.

Act of faith. See Auto-da- fÈ. -- Breach of faith, Confession of faith,
etc. See under Breach, Confession, etc. -- Faith cure, a method or
practice of treating diseases by prayer and the exercise of faith in
God. -- In good faith, with perfect sincerity.

Faith (?), interj. By my faith; in truth; verily.

Faithed (?), a. Having faith or a faith; honest; sincere. [Obs.] "Make
thy words faithed." Shak.

Faith"ful (?), a. 1. Full of faith, or having faith; disposed to
believe, especially in the declarations and promises of God.

    You are not faithful, sir.


B. Jonson.

2. Firm in adherence to promises, oaths, contracts, treaties, or other
engagements.

    The faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that
    love him.


Deut. vii. 9.

3. True and constant in affection or allegiance to a person to whom one
is bound by a vow, by ties of love, gratitude, or honor, as to a
husband, a prince, a friend; firm in the observance of duty; loyal; of
true fidelity; as, a faithful husband or servant.

    So spake the seraph Abdiel, faithful found, Among the faithless,
    faithful only he.


Milton.

4. Worthy of confidence and belief; conformable to truth ot fact;
exact; accurate; as, a faithful narrative or representation.

    It is a faithful saying.


2 Tim. ii. 11.

The Faithful, the adherents of any system of religious belief; esp.
used as an epithet of the followers of Mohammed.

Syn. -- Trusty; honest; upright; sincere; veracious; trustworthy.

-- Faith"ful*ly, adv. - Faith"ful*ness, n.

Faith"less, a. 1. Not believing; not giving credit.

    Be not faithless, but believing.


John xx. 27.

2. Not believing on God or religion; specifically, not believing in the
Christian religion. Shak.

3. Not observant of promises or covenants.

4. Not true to allegiance, duty, or vows; perfidious; trecherous;
disloyal; not of true fidelity; inconstant, as a husband or a wife.

    A most unnatural and faithless service.


Shak.

5. Serving to disappoint or deceive; delusive; unsatisfying. "Yonder
faithless phantom." Goldsmith.

-- Faith"less*ly, adv.Faith"less*ness, n.

Fai"tour (?), n. [OF. faitor a doer, L. factor. See Factor.] A doer or
actor; particularly, an evil doer; a scoundrel. [Obs.]

    Lo! faitour, there thy meed unto thee take.


Spenser.

Fake (?), n. [Cf. Scot. faik fold, stratum of stone, AS. fÊc space,
interval, G. fach compartment, partition, row, and E. fay to fit.]
(Naut.) One of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies
in a coil; a single turn or coil.

Fake, v. t. (Naut.) To coil (a rope, line, or hawser), by winding
alternately in opposite directions, in layers usually of zigzag or
figure of eight form,, to prevent twisting when running out.

Faking box, a box in which a long rope is faked; used in the
life-saving service for a line attached to a shot.

Fake, v. t. [Cf. Gael. faigh to get, acquire, reach, or OD. facken to
catch or gripe.] [Slang in all its senses.] 1. To cheat; to swindle; to
steal; to rob.

2. To make; to construct; to do.

3. To manipulate fraudulently, so as to make an object appear better or
other than it really is; as, to fake a bulldog, by burning his upper
lip and thus artificially shortening it.

Fake, n. A trick; a swindle. [Slang]

Fa"kir (?), n. [Ar. faqr poor.] An Oriental religious ascetic or
begging monk. [Written also faquir anf fakeer.]

||Fa"la*na"ka (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) A viverrine mammal of
||Madagascar (Eupleres Goudotii), allied to the civet; -- called also
||Falanouc.

Fal*cade" (fl*kd"), n. [F., ultimately fr. L. falx, falcis, a sickle or
scythe.] (Man.) The action of a horse, when he throws himself on his
haunches two or three times, bending himself, as it were, in very quick
curvets. Harris.

<! p. 539 !>

{ Fal"cate (?), Fal"ca*ted (?), } a. [L. falcatus, fr. falx, falcis, a
sickle or scythe.] Hooked or bent like a sickle; as, a falcate leaf; a
falcate claw; -- said also of the moon, or a planet, when horned or
crescent- formed.

Fal*ca"tion (?), n. The state of being falcate; a bend in the form of a
sickle. Sir T. Browne.

Fal"cer (?), n. [From L. falx, falcis, a sickle.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
mandibles of a spider.

Fal"chion (?), n. [OE. fauchon, OF. fauchon, LL. f‰lcio, fr. L. falx,
falcis, a sickle, cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a ship's rib,
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; bandy-legged; perh, akin to E. falcon; cf. It.
falcione. Cf. Defalcation.] 1. A broad-bladed sword, slightly curved,
shorter and lighter than the ordinary sword; -- used in the Middle
Ages.

2. A name given generally and poetically to a sword, especially to the
swords of Oriental and fabled warriors.

Fal*cid"i*an (?), a. [L. Falcidius.] Of or pertaining to Publius
Falcidius, a Roman tribune.

Falcidian law (Civil Law), a law by which a testator was obliged to
leave at least a fourth of his estate to the heir. Burrill.

Fal"ci*form (?), a. [L. falx, falcis, a sickle + -form: cf. F.
falciforme.] Having the shape of a scithe or sickle; resembling a
reaping hook; as, the falciform ligatment of the liver.

Fal"con (?), n. [OE. faucon, faucoun, OF. faucon, falcon, &?;. faucon,
fr. LL. falco, perh. from L. falx, falcis, a sickle or scythe, and
named from its curving talons. Cf. Falchion.] 1. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of a
family (FalconidÊ) of raptorial birds, characterized by a short, hooked
beak, strong claws, and powerful flight. (b) Any species of the genus
Falco, distinguished by having a toothlike lobe on the upper mandible;
especially, one of this genus trained to the pursuit of other birds, or
game.

    In the language of falconry, the female peregrine (Falco
    peregrinus) is exclusively called the falcon.


Yarrell.

2. (Gun.) An ancient form of cannon.

Chanting falcon. (Zoˆl.) See under Chanting.

Fal"con*er (?), n. [OE. fauconer, OF. falconier, fauconier, F.
fauconnier. See Falcon.] A person who breeds or trains hawks for taking
birds or game; one who follows the sport of fowling with hawks.
Johnson.

Fal"co*net (?), n. [Dim. of falcon: cf. F. fauconneau, LL. falconeta,
properly, a young falcon.] 1. One of the smaller cannon used in the
15th century and later.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of several very small Asiatic falcons of the genus
Microhierax. (b) One of a group of Australian birds of the genus
Falcunculus, resembling shrikes and titmice.

Fal"con*gen`til (?), n. [F. faucon- gentil. See Falcon, and Genteel.]
(Zoˆl.) The female or young of the goshawk (Astur palumbarius).

Fal"co*nine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like a falcon or hawk; belonging to the
FalconidÊ

Fal"con*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. fauconnerie. See Falcon.] 1. The art of
training falcons or hawks to pursue and attack wild fowl or game.

2. The sport of taking wild fowl or game by means of falcons or hawks.

||Fal"cu*la (?), n. [L., a small sickle, a billhook.] (Zoˆl.) A curved
||and sharp- pointed claw.

Fal"cu*late (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Curved and sharppointed, like a falcula, or
claw of a falcon.

Fald"age (?), n. [LL. faldagium, fr. AS. fald, E. fold. Cf. Foldage.]
(O. Eng. Law) A privilege of setting up, and moving about, folds for
sheep, in any fields within manors, in order to manure them; -- often
reserved to himself by the lord of the manor. Spelman.

Fald"fee` (?), n. [AS. fald (E. fold) + E. fee. See Faldage.] (O. Eng.
Law) A fee or rent paid by a tenant for the privilege of faldage on his
own ground. Blount.

Fald"ing, n. A frieze or rough- napped cloth. [Obs.]

Fal"dis*to*ry (?), n. [LL. faldistorium, faldestorium, from OHG.
faldstuol; faldan, faltan, to fold (G. falten) + stuol stool. So called
because it could be folded or laid together. See Fold, and Stool, and
cf. Faldstool, Fauteuil.] The throne or seat of a bishop within the
chancel. [Obs.]

Fald"stool` (?), n. [See Faldistory.] A folding stool, or portable
seat, made to fold up in the manner of a camo stool. It was formerly
placed in the choir for a bishop, when he offciated in any but his own
cathedral church. Fairholt.

In the modern practice of the Church of England, the term faldstool is
given to the reading desk from which the litany is read. This esage is
a relic of the ancient use of a lectern folding like a camp stool.

Fa*ler"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Mount Falernus, in Italy; as,
Falernianwine.

Falk (fk), n. (Zoˆl.) The razorbill. [Written also falc, and faik.]
[Prov. Eng.]

Fall (fl), v. i. [imp. Fell (fl); p. p. Fallen (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Falling.] [AS. feallan; akin to D. vallen, OS. & OHG. fallan, G.
fallen, Icel. Falla, Sw. falla, Dan. falde, Lith. pulti, L. fallere to
deceive, Gr. sfa`llein to cause to fall, Skr. sphal, sphul, to tremble.
Cf. Fail, Fell, v. t., to cause to fall.] 1. To Descend, either
suddenly or gradually; particularly, to descend by the force of
gravity; to drop; to sink; as, the apple falls; the tide falls; the
mercury falls in the barometer.

    I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven.


Luke x. 18.

2. To cease to be erect; to take suddenly a recumbent posture; to
become prostrate; to drop; as, a child totters and falls; a tree falls;
a worshiper falls on his knees.

    I fell at his feet to worship him.


Rev. xix. 10.

3. To find a final outlet; to discharge its waters; to empty; -- with
into; as, the river Rhone falls into the Mediterranean.

4. To become prostrate and dead; to die; especially, to die by
violence, as in battle.

    A thousand shall fall at thy side.


Ps. xci. 7.

    He rushed into the field, and, foremost fighting, fell.


Byron.

5. To cease to be active or strong; to die away; to lose strength; to
subside; to become less intense; as, the wind falls.

6. To issue forth into life; to be brought forth; -- said of the young
of certain animals. Shak.

7. To decline in power, glory, wealth, or importance; to become
insignificant; to lose rank or position; to decline in weight, value,
price etc.; to become less; as, the price falls; stocks fell two
points.

    I am a poor fallen man, unworthy now To be thy lord and master.


Shak.

    The greatness of these Irish lords suddenly fell and vanished.


Sir J. Davies.

8. To be overthrown or captured; to be destroyed.

    Heaven and earth will witness, If Rome must fall, that we are
    innocent.


Addison.

9. To descend in character or reputation; to become degraded; to sink
into vice, error, or sin; to depart from the faith; to apostatize; to
sin.

    Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall
    after the same example of unbelief.


Heb. iv. 11.

10. To become insnared or embarrassed; to be entrapped; to be worse off
than before; as, to fall into error; to fall into difficulties.

11. To assume a look of shame or disappointment; to become or appear
dejected; -- said of the countenance.

    Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell.


Gen. iv. 5.

    I have observed of late thy looks are fallen.


Addison.

12. To sink; to languish; to become feeble or faint; as, our spirits
rise and fall with our fortunes.

13. To pass somewhat suddenly, and passively, into a new state of body
or mind; to become; as, to fall asleep; to fall into a passion; to fall
in love; to fall into temptation.

14. To happen; to to come to pass; to light; to befall; to issue; to
terminate.

    The Romans fell on this model by chance.


Swift.

    Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will fall.


Ruth. iii. 18.

    They do not make laws, they fall into customs.


H. Spencer.

15. To come; to occur; to arrive.

    The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene Council fell on the 21st of
    March, falls now [1694] about ten days sooner.


Holder.

16. To begin with haste, ardor, or vehemence; to rush or hurry; as,
they fell to blows.

    They now no longer doubted, but fell to work heart and soul.


Jowett (Thucyd. ).

17. To pass or be transferred by chance, lot, distribution,
inheritance, or otherwise; as, the estate fell to his brother; the
kingdom fell into the hands of his rivals.

18. To belong or appertain.

    If to her share some female errors fall, Look on her face, and
    you'll forget them all.


Pope.

19. To be dropped or uttered carelessly; as, an unguarded expression
fell from his lips; not a murmur fell from him.

To fall abroad of (Naut.), to strike against; -- applied to one vessel
coming into collision with another. -- To fall among, to come among
accidentally or unexpectedly. -- To fall astern (Naut.), to move or be
driven backward; to be left behind; as, a ship falls astern by the
force of a current, or when outsailed by another. -- To fall away. (a)
To lose flesh; to become lean or emaciated; to pine. (b) To renounce or
desert allegiance; to revolt or rebel. (c) To renounce or desert the
faith; to apostatize. "These . . . for a while believe, and in time of
temptation fall away." Luke viii. 13. (d) To perish; to vanish; to be
lost. "How . . . can the soul . . . fall away into nothing?" Addison.
(e) To decline gradually; to fade; to languish, or become faint. "One
color falls away by just degrees, and another rises insensibly."
Addison. -- To fall back. (a) To recede or retreat; to give way. (b) To
fail of performing a promise or purpose; not to fulfill. -- To fall
back upon. (a) (Mil.) To retreat for safety to (a stronger position in
the rear, as to a fort or a supporting body of troops). (b) To have
recourse to (a reserved fund, or some available expedient or support).
-- To fall calm, to cease to blow; to become calm. -- To fall down. (a)
To prostrate one's self in worship. "All kings shall fall down before
him." Ps. lxxii. 11. (b) To sink; to come to the ground. "Down fell the
beauteous youth." Dryden. (c) To bend or bow, as a suppliant. (d)
(Naut.) To sail or drift toward the mouth of a river or other outlet.
-- To fall flat, to produce no response or result; to fail of the
intended effect; as, his speech fell flat. -- To fall foul of. (a)
(Naut.) To have a collision with; to become entangled with (b) To
attack; to make an assault upon. -- To fall from, to recede or depart
from; not to adhere to; as, to fall from an agreement or engagement; to
fall from allegiance or duty. -- To fall from grace (M. E. Ch.), to
sin; to withdraw from the faith. -- To fall home (Ship Carp.), to curve
inward; -- said of the timbers or upper parts of a ship's side which
are much within a perpendicular. -- To fall in. (a) To sink inwards;
as, the roof fell in. (b) (Mil.) To take one's proper or assigned place
in line; as, to fall in on the right. (c) To come to an end; to
terminate; to lapse; as, on the death of Mr. B., the annuuity, which he
had so long received, fell in. (d) To become operative. "The reversion,
to which he had been nominated twenty years before, fell in." Macaulay.
-- To fall into one's hands, to pass, often suddenly or unexpectedly,
into one's ownership or control; as, to spike cannon when they are
likely to fall into the hands of the enemy. -- To fall in with. (a) To
meet with accidentally; as, to fall in with a friend. (b) (Naut.) To
meet, as a ship; also, to discover or come near, as land. (c) To concur
with; to agree with; as, the measure falls in with popular opinion. (d)
To comply; to yield to. "You will find it difficult to persuade learned
men to fall in with your projects." Addison. -- To fall off. (a) To
drop; as, fruits fall off when ripe. (b) To withdraw; to separate; to
become detached; as, friends fall off in adversity. "Love cools,
friendship falls off, brothers divide." Shak. (c) To perish; to die
away; as, words fall off by disuse. (d) To apostatize; to forsake; to
withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or duty.

    Those captive tribes . . . fell off From God to worship calves.


Milton.

(e) To forsake; to abandon; as, his customers fell off. (f) To
depreciate; to change for the worse; to deteriorate; to become less
valuable, abundant, or interesting; as, a falling off in the wheat
crop; the magazine or the review falls off. "O Hamlet, what a falling
off was there!" Shak. (g) (Naut.) To deviate or trend to the leeward of
the point to which the head of the ship was before directed; to fall to
leeward. -- To fall on. (a) To meet with; to light upon; as, we have
fallen on evil days. (b) To begin suddenly and eagerly. "Fall on, and
try the appetite to eat." Dryden. (c) To begin an attack; to assault;
to assail. "Fall on, fall on, and hear him not." Dryden. (d) To drop
on; to descend on. -- To fall out. (a) To quarrel; to begin to contend.

    A soul exasperated in ills falls out With everything, its friend,
    itself.


Addison.

(b) To happen; to befall; to chance. "There fell out a bloody quarrel
betwixt the frogs and the mice." L'Estrange. (c) (Mil.) To leave the
ranks, as a soldier. -- To fall over. (a) To revolt; to desert from one
side to another. (b) To fall beyond. Shak. -- To fall short, to be
deficient; as, the corn falls short; they all fall short in duty. -- To
fall through, to come to nothing; to fail; as, the engageent has fallen
through. - - To fall to, to begin. "Fall to, with eager joy, on homely
food." Dryden. -- To fall under. (a) To come under, or within the
limits of; to be subjected to; as, they fell under the jurisdiction of
the emperor. (b) To come under; to become the subject of; as, this
point did not fall under the cognizance or deliberations of the court;
these things do not fall under human sight or observation. (c) To come
within; to be ranged or reckoned with; to be subordinate to in the way
of classification; as, these substances fall under a different class or
order. -- To fall upon. (a) To attack. [See To fall on.] (b) To
attempt; to have recourse to. "I do not intend to fall upon nice
disquisitions." Holder. (c) To rush against.

Fall primarily denotes descending motion, either in a perpendicular or
inclined direction, and, in most of its applications, implies,
literally or figuratively, velocity, haste, suddenness, or violence.
Its use is so various, and so mush diversified by modifying words, that
it is not easy to enumerate its senses in all its applications.

Fall (?), v. t. 1. To let fall; to drop. [Obs.]

    For every tear he falls, a Trojan bleeds.


Shak.

2. To sink; to depress; as, to fall the voice. [Obs.]

3. To diminish; to lessen or lower. [Obs.]

    Upon lessening interest to four per cent, you fall the price of
    your native commodities.


Locke.

4. To bring forth; as, to fall lambs. [R.] Shak.

5. To fell; to cut down; as, to fall a tree. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

Fall, n. 1. The act of falling; a dropping or descending be the force
of gravity; descent; as, a fall from a horse, or from the yard of ship.

2. The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture; as, he was
walking on ice, and had a fall.

3. Death; destruction; overthrow; ruin.

    They thy fall conspire.


Denham.

    Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall.


Prov. xvi. 18.

4. Downfall; degradation; loss of greatness or office; termination of
greatness, power, or dominion; ruin; overthrow; as, the fall of the
Roman empire.

    Beholds thee glorious only in thy fall.


Pope.

5. The surrender of a besieged fortress or town ; as, the fall of
Sebastopol.

6. Diminution or decrease in price or value; depreciation; as, the fall
of prices; the fall of rents.

7. A sinking of tone; cadence; as, the fall of the voice at the close
of a sentence.

8. Declivity; the descent of land or a hill; a slope.

9. Descent of water; a cascade; a cataract; a rush of water down a
precipice or steep; -- usually in the plural, sometimes in the
singular; as, the falls of Niagara.

10. The discharge of a river or current of water into the ocean, or
into a lake or pond; as, the fall of the Po into the Gulf of Venice.
Addison.

11. Extent of descent; the distance which anything falls; as, the water
of a stream has a fall of five feet.

12. The season when leaves fall from trees; autumn.

    What crowds of patients the town doctor kills, Or how, last fall,
    he raised the weekly bills.


Dryden.

13. That which falls; a falling; as, a fall of rain; a heavy fall of
snow.

14. The act of felling or cutting down. "The fall of timber." Johnson.

15. Lapse or declension from innocence or goodness. Specifically: The
first apostasy; the act of our first parents in eating the forbidden
fruit; also, the apostasy of the rebellious angels.

16. Formerly, a kind of ruff or band for the neck; a falling band; a
faule. B. Jonson.

17. That part (as one of the ropes) of a tackle to which the power is
applied in hoisting.

Fall herring (Zoˆl.), a herring of the Atlantic (Clupea mediocris); --
also called tailor herring, and hickory shad. -- To try a fall, to try
a bout at wrestling. Shak.

Fal*la"cious (?), a. [L. fallaciosus, fr. fallacia: cf. F. fallacieux.
See Fallacy.] Embodying or pertaining to a fallacy; illogical; fitted
to deceive; misleading; delusive; as, fallacious arguments or
reasoning. -- Fal*la"cious*ly, adv. - Fal*la"cious*ness, n.

<! p. 540 !>

Fal"la*cy (fl"l*s), n.; pl. Fallacies (- sz). [OE. fallace, fallas,
deception, F. fallace, fr. L. fallacia, fr. fallax deceitful,
deceptive, fr. fallere to deceive. See Fail.] 1. Deceptive or false
appearance; deceitfulness; that which misleads the eye or the mind;
deception.

    Winning by conquest what the first man lost, By fallacy surprised.


Milton.

2. (Logic) An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be
decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a sophism.

Syn. -- Deception; deceit; mistake. -- Fallacy, Sophistry. A fallacy is
an argument which professes to be decisive, but in reality is not;
sophistry is also false reasoning, but of so specious and subtle a kind
as to render it difficult to expose its fallacy. Many fallacies are
obvious, but the evil of sophistry lies in its consummate art. "Men are
apt to suffer their minds to be misled by fallacies which gratify their
passions. Many persons have obscured and confounded the nature of
things by their wretched sophistry; though an act be never so sinful,
they will strip it of its guilt." South.

Fal"-lals` (?), n. pl. Gay ornaments; frippery; gewgaws. [Colloq.]
Thackeray.

Fal"lax (?), n. [L. fallax deceptive. See Fallacy.] Cavillation; a
caviling. [Obs.] Cranmer.

Fall"en (?), a. Dropped; prostrate; degraded; ruined; decreased; dead.

    Some ruined temple or fallen monument.


Rogers.

Fal"len*cy (?), n. [LL. fallentia, L. fallens p. pr of fallere.] An
exception. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Fall"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, falls.

2. (Mach.) A part which acts by falling, as a stamp in a fulling mill,
or the device in a spinning machine to arrest motion when a thread
breaks.

Fall"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A fresh-water fish of the United States
(Semotilus bullaris); -- called also silver chub, and Shiner. The name
is also applied to other allied species.

Fal`li*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being fallible; liability to
deceive or to be deceived; as, the fallibity of an argument or of an
adviser.

Fal"li*ble (?), a. [LL. fallibilis, fr. L. fallere to deceive: cf. F.
faillible. See Fail.] Liable to fail, mistake, or err; liable to
deceive or to be deceived; as, all men are fallible; our opinions and
hopes are fallible.

Fal"li*bly, adv. In a fallible manner.

Fall"ing (?), a. & n. from Fall, v. i.

Falling away, Falling off, etc. See To fall away, To fall off, etc.,
under Fall, v. i. -- Falling band, the plain, broad, linen collar
turning down over the doublet, worn in the early part of the 17th
century. -- Falling sickness (Med.), epilepsy. Shak. -- Falling star.
(Astron.) See Shooting star. -- Falling stone, a stone falling through
the atmosphere; a meteorite; an aÎrolite. -- Falling tide, the ebb
tide. -- Falling weather, a rainy season. [Colloq.] Bartlett.

Fal*lo"pi*an (?), a. [From Fallopius, or Fallopio, a physician of
Modena, who died in 1562.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or discovered by,
Fallopius; as, the Fallopian tubes or oviducts, the ducts or canals
which conduct the ova from the ovaries to the uterus.

Fal"low (?), a. [AS. fealu, fealo, pale yellow or red; akin to D. vaal
fallow, faded, OHG. falo, G. falb, fahl, Icel. fˆlr, and prob. to Lith.
palvas, OSlav. plav white, L. pallidus pale, pallere to be pale, Gr.
polio`s gray, Skr. palita. Cf. Pale, Favel, a., Favor.] 1. Pale red or
pale yellow; as, a fallow deer or greyhound. Shak.

2. [Cf. Fallow, n.] Left untilled or unsowed after plowing;
uncultivated; as, fallow ground.

Fallow chat, Fallow finch (Zoˆl.), a small European bird, the wheatear
(Saxicola únanthe). See Wheatear.

Fal"low, n. [So called from the fallow, or somewhat yellow, color of
naked ground; or perh. akin to E. felly, n., cf. MHG. valgen to plow
up, OHG. felga felly, harrow.] 1. Plowed land. [Obs.]

    Who . . . pricketh his blind horse over the fallows.


Chaucer.

2. Land that has lain a year or more untilled or unseeded; land plowed
without being sowed for the season.

    The plowing of fallows is a benefit to land.


Mortimer.

3. The plowing or tilling of land, without sowing it for a season; as,
summer fallow, properly conducted, has ever been found a sure method of
destroying weeds.

    Be a complete summer fallow, land is rendered tender and mellow.
    The fallow gives it a better tilth than can be given by a fallow
    crop.


Sinclair.

Fallow crop, the crop taken from a green fallow. [Eng.] -- Green
fallow, fallow whereby land is rendered mellow and clean from weeds, by
cultivating some green crop, as turnips, potatoes, etc. [Eng.]

Fal"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fallowing.] [From Fallow, n.] To plow, harrow, and break up, as land,
without seeding, for the purpose of destroying weeds and insects, and
rendering it mellow; as, it is profitable to fallow cold, strong,
clayey land.

Fal"low deer` (?). [So called from its fallow or pale yellow color.]
(Zoˆl.) A European species of deer (Cervus dama), much smaller than the
red deer. In summer both sexes are spotted with white. It is common in
England, where it is often domesticated in the parks.

Fal"low*ist (?), n. One who favors the practice of fallowing land. [R.]
Sinclair.

Fal"low*ness, n. A well or opening, through the successive floors of a
warehouse or manufactory, through which goods are raised or lowered.
[U.S.] Bartlett.

Fal"sa*ry (?), n. [L. falsarius, fr. falsus. See False, a.] A falsifier
of evidence. [Obs.] Sheldon.

False (?), a. [Compar. Falser (?); superl. Falsest.] [L. falsus, p. p.
of fallere to deceive; cf. OF. faus, fals, F. faux, and AS. fals fraud.
See Fail, Fall.] 1. Uttering falsehood; unveracious; given to deceit;
dishnest; as, a false witness.

2. Not faithful or loyal, as to obligations, allegiance, vows, etc.;
untrue; treacherous; perfidious; as, a false friend, lover, or subject;
false to promises.

    I to myself was false, ere thou to me.


Milton.

3. Not according with truth or reality; not true; fitted or likely to
deceive or disappoint; as, a false statement.

4. Not genuine or real; assumed or designed to deceive; counterfeit;
hypocritical; as, false tears; false modesty; false colors; false
jewelry.

    False face must hide what the false heart doth know.


Shak.

5. Not well founded; not firm or trustworthy; erroneous; as, a false
claim; a false conclusion; a false construction in grammar.

    Whose false foundation waves have swept away.


Spenser.

6. Not essential or permanent, as parts of a structure which are
temporary or supplemental.

7. (Mus.) Not in tune.

False arch (Arch.), a member having the appearance of an arch, though
not of arch construction. -- False attic, an architectural erection
above the main cornice, concealing a roof, but not having windows or
inclosing rooms. -- False bearing, any bearing which is not directly
upon a vertical support; thus, the weight carried by a corbel has a
false bearing. -- False cadence, an imperfect or interrupted cadence.
-- False conception (Med.), an abnormal conception in which a mole, or
misshapen fleshy mass, is produced instead of a properly organized
fetus. -- False croup (Med.), a spasmodic affection of the larynx
attended with the symptoms of membranous croup, but unassociated with
the deposit of a fibrinous membrane. -- False door or window (Arch.),
the representation of a door or window, inserted to complete a series
of doors or windows or to give symmetry. -- False fire, a combustible
carried by vessels of war, chiefly for signaling, but sometimes burned
for the purpose of deceiving an enemy; also, a light on shore for
decoying a vessel to destruction. -- False galena. See Blende. -- False
imprisonment (Law), the arrest and imprisonment of a person without
warrant or cause, or contrary to law; or the unlawful detaining of a
person in custody. -- False keel (Naut.), the timber below the main
keel, used to serve both as a protection and to increase the shio's
lateral resistance. -- False key, a picklock. -- False leg. (Zoˆl.) See
Proleg. -- False membrane (Med.), the fibrinous deposit formed in croup
and diphtheria, and resembling in appearance an animal membrane. --
False papers (Naut.), documents carried by a ship giving false
representations respecting her cargo, destination, ect., for the
purpose of deceiving. -- False passage (Surg.), an unnatural passage
leading off from a natural canal, such as the urethra, and produced
usually by the unskillful introduction of instruments. -- False
personation (Law), the intentional false assumption of the name and
personality of another. -- False pretenses (Law), false representations
concerning past or present facts and events, for the purpose of
defrauding another. -- False rail (Naut.), a thin piece of timber
placed on top of the head rail to strengthen it. -- False relation
(Mus.), a progression in harmony, in which a certain note in a chord
appears in the next chord prefixed by a flat or sharp. -- False return
(Law), an untrue return made to a process by the officer to whom it was
delivered for execution. -- False ribs (Anat.), the asternal rebs, of
which there are five pairs in man. -- False roof (Arch.), the space
between the upper ceiling and the roof. Oxford Gloss. -- False token, a
false mark or other symbol, used for fraudulent purposes. -- False
scorpion (Zoˆl.), any arachnid of the genus Chelifer. See Book
scorpion. -- False tack (Naut.), a coming up into the wind and filling
away again on the same tack. -- False vampire (Zoˆl.), the Vampyrus
spectrum of South America, formerly erroneously supposed to have
blood-sucking habits; -- called also vampire, and ghost vampire. The
genuine blood-sucking bats belong to the genera Desmodus and Diphylla.
See Vampire. -- False window. (Arch.) See False door, above. -- False
wing. (Zoˆl.) See Alula, and Bastard wing, under Bastard. -- False
works (Civil Engin.), construction works to facilitate the erection of
the main work, as scaffolding, bridge centering, etc.

False, adv. Not truly; not honestly; falsely. "You play me false."
Shak.

False, v. t. [L. falsare to falsify, fr. falsus: cf. F. fausser. See
False, a.] 1. To report falsely; to falsify. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To betray; to falsify. [Obs.]

    [He] hath his truthe falsed in this wise.


Chaucer.

3. To mislead by want of truth; to deceive. [Obs.]

    In his falsed fancy.


Spenser.

4. To feign; to pretend to make. [Obs.] "And falsed oft his blows."
Spenser.

False"-faced` (?), a. Hypocritical. Shak.

False"-heart` (?), a. False- hearted. Shak.

False"-heart`ed, a. Hollow or unsound at the core; treacherous;
deceitful; perfidious. Bacon. -- False"-heart`ed*ness, n. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

False"hood (?), n. [False + - hood] 1. Want of truth or accuracy; an
untrue assertion or representation; error; misrepresentation; falsity.

    Though it be a lie in the clock, it is but a falsehood in the hand
    of the dial when pointing at a wrong hour, if rightly following the
    direction of the wheel which moveth it.


Fuller.

2. A deliberate intentional assertion of what is known to be untrue; a
departure from moral integrity; a lie.

3. Treachery; deceit; perfidy; unfaithfulness.

    Betrayed by falsehood of his guard.


Shak.

4. A counterfeit; a false appearance; an imposture.

    For his molten image is falsehood.


Jer. x. 14.

    No falsehood can endure Touch of celestial temper.


Milton.

Syn. -- Falsity; lie; untruth; fiction; fabrication. See Falsity.

False"ly (?), adv. In a false manner; erroneously; not truly;
perfidiously or treacherously. "O falsely, falsely murdered." Shak.

    Oppositions of science, falsely so called.


1 Tim. vi. 20.

    Will ye steal, murder . . . and swear falsely ?


Jer. vii. 9.

False"ness, n. The state of being false; contrariety to the fact;
inaccuracy; want of integrity or uprightness; double dealing;
unfaithfulness; treachery; perfidy; as, the falseness of a report, a
drawing, or a singer's notes; the falseness of a man, or of his word.

Fals"er (?), n. A deceiver. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fal*set"to (?), n.; pl. Falsettos (#). [It. falsetto, dim. fr. L.
falsus. See False.] A false or artificial voice; that voice in a man
which lies above his natural voice; the male counter tenor or alto
voice. See Head voice, under Voice.

||Fal"si*cri"men (?). [L.] (Civ. Law) The crime of falsifying.

This term in the Roman law included not only forgery, but every species
of fraud and deceit. It never has been used in so extensive a sense in
modern common law, in which its predominant significance is forgery,
though it also includes perjury and offenses of a like character.
Burrill. Greenleaf.

Fal"si*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. falsifiable.] Capable of being
falsified, counterfeited, or corrupted. Johnson.

Fal`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. falsification.] 1. The act of
falsifying, or making false; a counterfeiting; the giving to a thing an
appearance of something which it is not.

    To counterfeit the living image of king in his person exceedeth all
    falsifications.


Bacon.

2. Willful misstatement or misrepresentation.

    Extreme necessity . . . forced him upon this bold and violent
    falsification of the doctrine of the alliance.


Bp. Warburton.

3. (Equity) The showing an item of charge in an account to be wrong.
Story.

Fal"si*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. falsificateur.] A falsifier. Bp.
Morton.

Fal"si*fi`er (?), n. One who falsifies, or gives to a thing a deceptive
appearance; a liar.

Fal"si*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Falsified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Falsifying.] [L. falsus false + -ly: cf. F. falsifier. See False, a.]
1. To make false; to represent falsely.

    The Irish bards use to forge and falsify everything as they list,
    to please or displease any man.


Spenser.

2. To counterfeit; to forge; as, to falsify coin.

3. To prove to be false, or untrustworthy; to confute; to disprove; to
nullify; to make to appear false.

    By how much better than my word I am, By so much shall I falsify
    men's hope.


Shak.

    Jews and Pagans united all their endeavors, under Julian the
    apostate, to baffie and falsify the prediction.


Addison.

4. To violate; to break by falsehood; as, to falsify one's faith or
word. Sir P. Sidney.

5. To baffle or escape; as, to falsify a blow. Butler.

6. (Law) To avoid or defeat; to prove false, as a judgment. Blackstone.

7. (Equity) To show, in accounting, (an inem of charge inserted in an
account) to be wrong. Story. Daniell.

8. To make false by multilation or addition; to tamper with; as, to
falsify a record or document.

Fal"si*fy, v. i. To tell lies; to violate the truth.

    It is absolutely and universally unlawful to lie and falsify.


    South.


Fals"ism (?), n. That which is evidently false; an assertion or
statement the falsity of which is plainly apparent; -- opposed to
truism.

Fal"si*ty (?), n.;pl. Falsities (#). [L. falsitas: cf. F. faussetÈ, OF.
also, falsitÈ. See False, a.] 1. The quality of being false;
coutrariety or want of conformity to truth.

    Probability does not make any alteration, either in the truth or
    falsity of things.


South.

2. That which is false; falsehood; a lie; a false assertion.

    Men often swallow falsities for truths.


Sir T. Brown.

Syn. -- Falsehood; lie; deceit. -- Falsity, Falsehood, Lie. Falsity
denotes the state or quality of being false. A falsehood is a false
declaration designedly made. A lie is a gross, unblushing falsehood.
The falsity of a person's assertion may be proved by the evidence of
others and thus the charge of falsehood be fastened upon him.

Fal"ter (?), v. t. To thrash in the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as
barley. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Fal"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Faltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Faltering.]
[OE. falteren, faltren, prob. from fault. See Fault, v. & n.] 1. To
hesitate; to speak brokenly or weakly; to stammer; as, his tongue
falters.

    With faltering speech and visage incomposed.


Milton.

2. To tremble; to totter; to be unsteady. "He found his legs falter."
Wiseman.

3. To hesitate in purpose or action.

    Ere her native king Shall falter under foul rebellion's arms.


Shak.

4. To fail in distinctness or regularity of exercise; -- said of the
mind or of thought.

    Here indeed the power of disinct conception of space and distance
    falters.


I. Taylor.

Fal"ter, v. t. To utter with hesitation, or in a broken, trembling, or
weak manner.

    And here he faltered forth his last farewell.


Byron.

    Mde me most happy, faltering "I am thine."


Tennyson.

<! p. 541 !>

Fal"ter (?), n. [See Falter, v. i.] Hesitation; trembling; feebleness;
an uncertain or broken sound; as, a slight falter in her voice.

    The falter of an idle shepherd's pipe.


Lowell.

Fal"ter*ing, a. Hesitating; trembling. "With faltering speech." Milton.
-- n. Falter; halting; hesitation. -- Fal"ter*ing*ly, adv.

||Fa`luns" (?), n. [F.] (Geol.) A series of strata, of the Middle
||Tertiary period, of France, abounding in shells, and used by Lyell as
||the type of his Miocene subdivision.

Fal"we (?), a. & n. Fallow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Falx (?), n. [L., a sickle.] (Anat.) A curved fold or process of the
||dura mater or the peritoneum; esp., one of the partitionlike folds of
||the dura mater which extend into the great fissures of the brain.

Fam"ble (?), v. i. [OE. falmelen; cf. SW. famla to grope, Dan. famle to
grope, falter, hesitate, Icel. flma to grope. Cf. Famble.] To stammer.
[Obs.] Nares.

Fam"ble, n. [Cf. Famble, v.] A hand. [Slang & Obs.] "We clap our
fambles." Beau. & Fl.

Fame (?), n. [OF. fame, L. fama, fr. fari to speak, akin to Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?; a saying, report, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to speak. See Ban, and
cf. Fable, Fate, Euphony, Blame.] 1. Public report or rumor.

    The fame thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house.


Gen. xlv. 16.

2. Report or opinion generally diffused; renown; public estimation;
celebrity, either favorable or unfavorable; as, the fame of Washington.

    I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited.


Shak.

Syn. -- Notoriety; celebrity; renown; reputation.

Fame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Famed (?),; p. pr. & vb. n. Faming.] 1. To
report widely or honorably.

    The field where thou art famed To have wrought such wonders.


Milton.

2. To make famous or renowned.

    Those Hesperian gardens famed of old.


Milton.

Fame"less, a. Without fame or renown. -- Fame"less*ly, adv.

Fa*mil`iar (?), a. [OE. familer, familier, F. familier, fr. L.
familiaris, fr. familia family. See Family.] 1. Of or pertaining to a
family; domestic. "Familiar feuds." Byron.

2. Closely acquainted or intimate, as a friend or companion; well
versed in, as any subject of study; as, familiar with the Scriptures.

3. Characterized by, or exhibiting, the manner of an intimate friend;
not formal; unconstrained; easy; accessible. "In loose, familiar
strains." Addison.

    Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar.


Shak.

4. Well known; well understood; common; frequent; as, a familiar
illustration.

    That war, or peace, or both at once, may be As things acquainted
    and familiar to us.


Shak.

    There is nothing more familiar than this.


Locke.

5. Improperly acquainted; wrongly intimate. Camden.

Familiar spirit, a demon or evil spirit supposed to attend at call. 1
Sam. xxviii. 3, 7-9.

Fa*mil"iar, n. 1. An intimate; a companion.

    All my familiars watched for my halting.


Jer. xx. 10.

2. An attendant demon or evil spirit. Shak.

3. (Court of Inquisition) A confidential officer employed in the
service of the tribunal, especially in apprehending and imprisoning the
accused.

Fa*mil`iar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Familiarities (#). [OE. familarite, F.
familiaritÈfr. L. faniliaritas. See Familiar.] 1. The state of being
familiar; intimate and frequent converse, or association; unconstrained
intercourse; freedom from ceremony and constraint; intimacy; as, to
live in remarkable familiarity.

2. Anything said or done by one person to another unceremoniously and
without constraint; esp., in the pl., such actions and words as
propriety and courtesy do not warrant; liberties.

Syn. -- Acquaintance; fellowship; affability; intimacy. See
Acquaintance.

Fa*mil`iar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of making familiar; the
result of becoming familiar; as, familiarization with scenes of blood.

Fa*mil"iar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Familiarized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Familiarizing (?).] [Cf. F. familiariser.] 1. To make familiar or
intimate; to habituate; to accustom; to make well known by practice or
converse; as, to familiarize one's self with scenes of distress.

2. To make acquainted, or skilled, by practice or study; as, to
familiarize one's self with a business, a book, or a science.

Fa"mil"iar*ly, adv. In a familiar manner.

Fa*mil"iar*ness, n. Familiarity. [R.]

Fa*mil"ia*ry (?), a. [L. familiaris. See Familiar.] Of or pertaining to
a family or household; domestic. [Obs.] Milton.

Fam"i*lism (?), n. The tenets of the Familists. Milton.

Fam"i*list (?), n. [From Family.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of afanatical
Antinomian sect originating in Holland, and existing in England about
1580, called the Family of Love, who held that religion consists wholly
in love.

Fam"i*lis*ter*y (?), n.; pl. Familisteries (&?;). [F. familistËre.] A
community in which many persons unite as in one family, and are
regulated by certain communistic laws and customs.

{ Fam`i*listic (?), Fam`i*lis"tic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to Familists.
Baxter.

Fam"i*ly (?), n.; pl. Families (#). [L. familia, fr. famulus servant;
akin to Oscan famel servant, cf. faamat he dwells, Skr. dhman house,
fr. dhto set, make, do: cf. F. famille. Cf. Do, v. t., Doom, Fact,
Feat.] 1. The collective body of persons who live in one house, and
under one head or manager; a household, including parents, children,
and servants, and, as the case may be, lodgers or boarders.

2. The group comprising a husband and wife and their dependent
children, constituting a fundamental unit in the organization of
society.

    The welfare of the family underlies the welfare of society.


H. Spencer.

3. Those who descend from one common progenitor; a tribe, clan, or
race; kindred; house; as, the human family; the family of Abraham; the
father of a family.

    Go ! and pretend your family is young.


Pope.

4. Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors; lineage.

5. Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock; as, a man of family.

6. A group of kindred or closely related individuals; as, a family of
languages; a family of States; the chlorine family.

7. (Biol.) A group of organisms, either animal or vegetable, related by
certain points of resemblance in structure or development, more
comprehensive than a genus, because it is usually based on fewer or
less pronounced points of likeness. In zoˆlogy a family is less
comprehesive than an order; in botany it is often considered the same
thing as an order.

Family circle. See under Circle. -- Family man. (a) A man who has a
family; esp., one who has a wife and children living with him andd
dependent upon him. (b) A man of domestic habits. "The Jews are
generally, when married, most exemplary family men." Mayhew. -- Family
of curves or surfaces (Geom.), a group of curves or surfaces derived
from a single equation. -- In a family way, like one belonging to the
family. "Why don't we ask him and his ladies to come over in a family
way, and dine with some other plain country gentlefolks?" Thackeray. --
In the family way, pregnant. [Colloq.]

Fam"ine (?), n. [F. famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; want, need, Skr. hni loss, lack, h to leave.] General
scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution. "Worn with
famine." Milton.

    There was a famine in the land.


Gen. xxvi. 1.

Famine fever (Med.), typhus fever.

Fam"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Famished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Famishing.] [OE. famen; cf. OF. afamer, L. fames. See Famine, and cf.
Affamish.] 1. To starve, kill, or destroy with hunger. Shak.

2. To exhaust the strength or endurance of, by hunger; to distress with
hanger.

    And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to
    Pharaoh for bread.


Cen. xli. 55.

    The pains of famished Tantalus he'll feel.


Dryden.

3. To kill, or to cause to suffer extremity, by deprivation or denial
of anything necessary.

    And famish him of breath, if not of bread.


Milton.

4. To force or constrain by famine.

    He had famished Paris into a surrender.


Burke.

Fam"ish, v. i. 1. To die of hunger; to starve.

2. To suffer extreme hunger or thirst, so as to be exhausted in
strength, or to come near to perish.

    You are all resolved rather to die than to famish?


Shak.

3. To suffer extremity from deprivation of anything essential or
necessary.

    The Lord will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish.


Prov. x. 3.

Fam"ish*ment (?), n. State of being famished.

Fa*mos"i*ty (?), n. [L. famositas infamy: cf. F. famositÈ. See Famous.]
The state or quality of being famous. [Obs.] Johnson.

Fa"mous (?), a. [L. famosus, fr. fama fame: cf. F. fameux. See Fame.]
Celebrated in fame or public report; renowned; mach talked of;
distinguished in story; -- used in either a good or a bad sense,
chiefly the former; often followed by for; as, famous for erudition,
for eloquence, for military skill; a famous pirate.

    Famous for a scolding tongue.


Shak.

Syn. -- Noted; remarkable; signal; conspicuous; celebrated; renowned;
illustrious; eminent; transcendent; excellent. -- Famous, Renowned,
Illustrious. Famous is applied to a person or thing widely spoken of as
extraordinary; renowned is applied to those who are named again and
again with honor; illustrious, to those who have dazzled the world by
the splendor of their deeds or their virtues. See Distinguished.

Fa"moused (?), a. Renowned. [Obs.] Shak.

Fa"mous*ly (?), adv. In a famous manner; in a distinguished degree;
greatly; splendidly.

    Then this land was famously enriched With politic grave counsel.


Shak.

Fa"mous*ness, n. The state of being famous.

Fam"u*lar (?), n. [Cf. L. famularis of servants.] Domestic; familiar.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

Fam"u*late (?), v. i. [L. famulatus, p. p. of famulari to serve, fr.
famulus servant.] To serve. [Obs.]

Fam"u*list (?), n. [L. famulus servant.] A collegian of inferior rank
or position, corresponding to the sizar at Cambridge. [Oxford Univ.,
Eng.]

Fan (?), n. [AS. fann, fr. L. vannus fan, van for winnowing grain; cf.
F. van. Cf. Van a winnowing machine, Winnow.] 1. An instrument used for
producing artificial currents of air, by the wafting or revolving
motion of a broad surface; as: (a) An instrument for cooling the
person, made of feathers, paper, silk, etc., and often mounted on
sticks all turning about the same pivot, so as when opened to radiate
from the center and assume the figure of a section of a circle. (b)
(Mach.) Any revolving vane or vanes used for producing currents of air,
in winnowing grain, blowing a fire, ventilation, etc., or for checking
rapid motion by the resistance of the air; a fan blower; a fan wheel.
(c) An instrument for winnowing grain, by moving which the grain is
tossed and agitated, and the chaff is separated and blown away. (d)
Something in the form of a fan when spread, as a peacock's tail, a
window, etc. (e) A small vane or sail, used to keep the large sails of
a smock windmill always in the direction of the wind.

    Clean provender, which hath been winnowed with the shovel and with
    the fan.


Is. xxx. 24.

2. That which produces effects analogous to those of a fan, as in
exciting a flame, etc.; that which inflames, heightens, or strengthens;
as, it served as a fan to the flame of his passion.

3. A quintain; -- from its form. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fan blower, a wheel with vanes fixed on a rotating shaft inclosed in a
case or chamber, to create a blast of air (fan blast) for forge
purposes, or a current for draft and ventilation; a fanner. -- Fan
cricket (Zoˆl.), a mole cricket. -- Fan light (Arch.), a window over a
door; -- so called from the semicircular form and radiating sash bars
of those windows which are set in the circular heads of arched
doorways. -- Fan shell (Zoˆl.), any shell of the family PectinidÊ. See
Scallop, n., 1. -- Fan tracery (Arch.), the decorative tracery on the
surface of fan vaulting. -- Fan vaulting (Arch.), an elaborate system
of vaulting, in which the ribs diverge somewhat like the rays of a fan,
as in Henry VII.'s chapel in Westminster Abbey. It is peculiar to
English Gothic. -- Fan wheel, the wheel of a fan blower. -- Fan window.
Same as Fan light (above).

Fan (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fanning (?).]
[Cf. OF. vanner, L. vannere. See Fan, n., Van a winnowing machine.] 1.
To move as with a fan.

    The air . . . fanned with unnumbered plumes.


Milton.

2. To cool and refresh, by moving the air with a fan; to blow the air
on the face of with a fan.

3. To ventilate; to blow on; to affect by air put in motion.

    Calm as the breath which fans our eastern groves.


Dryden.

4. To winnow; to separate chaff from, and drive it away by a current of
air; as, to fan wheat. Jer. li. 2.

5. To excite or stir up to activity, as a fan excites a flame; to
stimulate; as, this conduct fanned the excitement of the populace.

Fanning machine, or Fanning mill, a machine for separating seed from
chaff, etc., by a blast of air; a fanner.

||Fa`nal" (?), n. [F.] A lighthouse, or the apparatus placed in it for
||giving light.

Fa*nat"ic (?), a. [L. fanaticus inspired by divinity, enthusiastic,
frantic, fr. fanum fane: cf. F. fanatique. See Fane.] Pertaining to, or
indicating, fanaticism; extravagant in opinions; ultra; unreasonable;
excessively enthusiastic, especially on religious subjects; as, fanatic
zeal; fanatic notions.

    But Faith, fanatic Faith, once wedded fast To some dear falsehood,
    hugs it to the last.


T. Moore.

Fa*nat"ic, n. A person affected by excessive enthusiasm, particularly
on religious subjects; one who indulges wild and extravagant notions of
religion.

    There is a new word, coined within few months, called fanatics,
    which, by the close stickling thereof, seemeth well cut out and
    proportioned to signify what is meant thereby, even the sectaries
    of our age.


Fuller (1660).

    Fanatics are governed rather by imagination than by judgment.


Stowe.

Fa*nat"ic*al (?), a. Characteristic of, or relating to, fanaticism;
fanatic. - Fa*nat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Fa*nat"ic*al*ness, n.

Fa*nat"i*cism (?), n. [Cf. Fanatism.] Excessive enthusiasm, unreasoning
zeal, or wild and extravagant notions, on any subject, especially
religion; religious frenzy.

Syn. -- See Superstition.

Fa*nat"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fanaticized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fanaticizing (?).] To cause to become a fanatic.

Fan"a*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. fanatisme. Cf. Fanaticism.] Fanaticism. [R.]
Gibbon.

Fan"cied (?), a. [From Fancy, v. t.] Formed or conceived by the fancy;
unreal; as, a fancied wrong.

Fan"ci*er (?), n. 1. One who is governed by fancy. "Not reasoners, but
fanciers." Macaulay.

2. One who fancies or has a special liking for, or interest in, a
particular object or class or objects; hence, one who breeds and keeps
for sale birds and animals; as, bird fancier, dog fancier, etc.

Fan"ci*ful (?), a. 1. Full of fancy; guided by fancy, rather than by
reason and experience; whimsical; as, a fanciful man forms visionary
projects.

2. Conceived in the fancy; not consistent with facts or reason;
abounding in ideal qualities or figures; as, a fanciful scheme; a
fanciful theory.

3. Curiously shaped or constructed; as, she wore a fanciful headdress.

    Gather up all fancifullest shells.


Keats.

Syn. -- Imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious; chimerical;
whimsical; fantastical; wild. -- Fanciful, Fantastical, Visionary. We
speak of that as fanciful which is irregular in taste and judgment; we
speak of it as fantastical when it becomes grotesque and extravagant as
well as irregular; we speak of it as visionary when it is wholly
unfounded in the nature of things. Fanciful notions are the product of
a heated fancy, without any tems are made up of oddly assorted fancies,
aften of the most whimsical kind; visionary expectations are those
which can never be realized in fact.

-- Fan"ci*ful*ly, adv. - Fan"ci*ful*ness, n.

<! p. 542 !>

Fan"ci*less (?), a. Having no fancy; without ideas or imagination. [R.]

    A pert or bluff important wight, Whose brain is fanciless, whose
    blood is white.


Armstrong.

Fan"cy (?), n.; pl. Fancies (#). [Contr. fr. fantasy, OF. fantasie,
fantaisie, F. fantaisie, L. phantasia, fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;
appearance, imagination, the power of perception and presentation in
the mind, fr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to make visible, to place before
one's mind, fr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to show; akin to &?;&?;&?;&?;,
&?;&?;&?;, light, Skr. bhto shine. Cf. Fantasy, Fantasia, Epiphany,
Phantom.] 1. The faculty by which the mind forms an image or a
representation of anything perceived before; the power of combining and
modifying such objects into new pictures or images; the power of
readily and happily creating and recalling such objects for the purpose
of amusement, wit, or embellishment; imagination.

    In the soul Are many lesser faculties, that serve Reason as chief.
    Among these fancy next Her office holds.


Milton.

2. An image or representation of anything formed in the mind;
conception; thought; idea; conceit.

    How now, my lord ! why do you keep alone, Of sorriest fancies your
    companoins making ?


Shak.

3. An opinion or notion formed without much reflection; caprice; whim;
impression.

    I have always had a fancy that learning might be made a play and
    recreation to children.


Locke.

4. Inclination; liking, formed by caprice rather than reason; as, to
strike one's fancy; hence, the object of inclination or liking.

    To fit your fancies to your father's will.


Shak.

5. That which pleases or entertains the taste or caprice without much
use or value.

    London pride is a pretty fancy for borders.


Mortimer.

6. A sort of love song or light impromptu ballad. [Obs.] Shak.

The fancy, all of a class who exhibit and cultivate any peculiar taste
or fancy; hence, especially, sporting characters taken collectively, or
any specific class of them, as jockeys, gamblers, prize fighters, etc.

    At a great book sale in London, which had congregated all the
    fancy.


De Quincey.

Syn. -- Imagination; conceit; taste; humor; inclination; whim; liking.
See Imagination.

Fan"cy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fancied (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Fancying
(&?;).] 1. To figure to one's self; to believe or imagine something
without proof.

    If our search has reached no farther than simile and metaphor, we
    rather fancy than know.


Locke.

2. To love. [Obs.] Shak.

Fan"cy, v. t. 1. To form a conception of; to portray in the mind; to
imagine.

    He whom I fancy, but can ne'er express.


Dryden.

2. To have a fancy for; to like; to be pleased with, particularly on
account of external appearance or manners. "We fancy not the cardinal."
Shak.

3. To believe without sufficient evidence; to imagine (something which
is unreal).

    He fancied he was welcome, because those arounde him were his
    kinsmen.


Thackeray.

Fan"cy, a. 1. Adapted to please the fancy or taste; ornamental; as,
fancy goods.

2. Extravagant; above real value.

    This anxiety never degenerated into a monomania, like that which
    led his [Frederick the Great's] father to pay fancy prices for
    giants.


Macaulay.

Fancy ball, a ball in which porsons appear in fanciful dresses in
imitation of the costumes of different persons and nations. -- Fancy
fair, a fair at which articles of fancy and ornament are sold,
generally for some charitable purpose. -- Fancy goods, fabrics of
various colors, patterns, etc., as ribbons, silks, laces, etc., in
distinction from those of a simple or plain color or make. -- Fancy
line (Naut.), a line rove through a block at the jaws of a gaff; --
used to haul it down. -- Fancy roller (Carding Machine), a clothed
cylinder (usually having straight teeth) in front of the doffer. --
Fancy stocks, a species of stocks which afford great opportunity for
stock gambling, since they have no intrinsic value, and the
fluctuations in their prices are artificial. -- Fancy store, one where
articles of fancy and ornament are sold. -- Fancy woods, the more rare
and expensive furniture woods, as mahogany, satinwood, rosewood, etc.

Fan"cy-free` (?), a. Free from the power of love. "In maiden
meditation, fancy-free." Shak.

Fan"cy*mon`ger (?), n. A lovemonger; a whimsical lover. [Obs.] Shak.

Fan"cy-sick` (?), a. Love- sick. Shak.

Fan"cy*work` (?), n. Ornamental work with a needle or hook, as
embroidery, crocheting, netting, etc.

Fand (?), obs. imp. of Find. Spenser.

Fan*dan"go (?), n.; pl. Fandangoes (#). [Sp. A name brought, together
with the dance, from the West Indies to Spain.] 1. A lively dance, in
3-8 or 6-8 time, much practiced in Spain and Spanish America. Also, the
tune to which it is danced.

2. A ball or general dance, as in Mexico. [Colloq.]

Fane (?), n. [L. fanum a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary,
fr. fari to speak. See Fame.] A temple; a place consecrated to
religion; a church. [Poet.]

    Such to this British Isle, her Christian fanes.


Wordsworth.

Fane, n. [See Vane.] A weathercock. [Obs.]

||Fa*ne"ga (?), n. [Sp.] A dry measure in Spain and Spanish America,
||varying from 1&?; to 2&?; bushels; also, a measure of land. De
||Colange.

Fan"fare` (?), n. [F. Cf. Fanfaron.] A flourish of trumpets, as in
coming into the lists, etc.; also, a short and lively air performed on
hunting horns during the chase.

    The fanfare announcing the arrival of the various Christian
    princes.


Sir W. Scott.

||Fan"fa*ron (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. fanfarron; cf. It. fanfano, and OSp.
||fanfa swaggering, boasting, also Ar. farfr talkative.] A bully; a
||hector; a swaggerer; an empty boaster. [R.] Dryden.

Fan*far`on*ade" (?), n. [F. fanfaronnade, fr. Sp. fanfarronada. See
Fanfaron.] A swaggering; vain boasting; ostentation; a bluster. Swift.

Fan"foot` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A species of gecko having the toes
expanded into large lobes for adhesion. The Egyptian fanfoot
(Phyodactylus gecko) is believed, by the natives, to have venomous
toes. (b) Any moth of the genus Polypogon.

Fang (fng), v. t. [OE. fangen, fongen, fon (g orig. only in p. p. and
imp. tense), AS. fn; akin to D. vangen, OHG. fhan, G. fahen, fangen,
Icel. f, Sw. fÂ, fÂnga, Dan. fange, faae, Goth. fahan, and prob. to E.
fair, peace, pact. Cf. Fair, a.] 1. To catch; to seize, as with the
teeth; to lay hold of; to gripe; to clutch. [Obs.] Shak.

    He's in the law's clutches; you see he's fanged.


J. Webster.

2. To enable to catch or tear; to furnish with fangs. "Chariots fanged
with scythes." Philips.

Fang, n. [From Fang, v. t.; cf. AS. fang a taking, booty, G. fang.] 1.
(Zoˆl.) The tusk of an animal, by which the prey is seized and held or
torn; a long pointed tooth; esp., one of the usually erectile, venomous
teeth of serpents. Also, one of the falcers of a spider.

    Since I am a dog, beware my fangs.


Shak.

2. Any shoot or other thing by which hold is taken.

    The protuberant fangs of the yucca.


Evelyn.

3. (Anat.) The root, or one of the branches of the root, of a tooth.
See Tooth.

4. (Mining) A niche in the side of an adit or shaft, for an air course.
Knight.

5. (Mech.) A projecting tooth or prong, as in a part of a lock, or the
plate of a belt clamp, or the end of a tool, as a chisel, where it
enters the handle.

6. (Naut.) (a) The valve of a pump box. (b) A bend or loop of a rope.

In a fang, fast entangled. -- To lose the fang, said of a pump when the
water has gone out; hence: To fang a pump, to supply it with the water
necessary to make it operate. [Scot.]

Fanged (?), a. Having fangs or tusks; as, a fanged adder. Also used
figuratively.

Fan"gle (?), n. [From Fang, v. t.; hence, prop., a taking up a new
thing.] Something new-fashioned; a foolish innovation; a gewgaw; a
trifling ornament.

Fan"gle, v. t. To fashion. [Obs.]

    To control and new fangle the Scripture.


Milton.

Fan"gled (?), a. New made; hence, gaudy; showy; vainly decorated.
[Obs., except with the prefix new.] See Newfangled. "Our fangled
world." Shak.

Fan"gle*ness (?), n. Quality of being fangled. [Obs.]

    He them in new fangleness did pass.


Spenser.

Fang"less (?), a. Destitute of fangs or tusks. "A fangless lion." Shak.

Fan"got (?), n. [Cf. It. fagotto, fangotto, a bundle. Cf. Fagot.] A
quantity of wares, as raw silk, etc., from one hundred weight.

Fan"ion (?), n. [See Fanon.] 1. (Mil.) A small flag sometimes carried
at the head of the baggage of a brigade. [Obs.]

2. A small flag for marking the stations in surveying.

Fan"like` (?), a. Resembling a fan; -- specifically (Bot.), folded up
like a fan, as certain leaves; plicate.

Fan"nel (?), n. [Dim., from same source as fanon.] Same as Fanon.

Fan"ner (?), n. 1. One who fans. Jer. li. 2.

2. A fan wheel; a fan blower. See under Fan.

Fan"-nerved` (?), a. (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Having the nerves or veins arranged
in a radiating manner; -- said of certain leaves, and of the wings of
some insects.

Fan"on (?), n. [F. fanon, LL. fano, fr. OHG. fano banner cloth, G.
fahne banner. See Vane, and cf. Fanion, Gonfalon.] (Eccl.) A term
applied to various articles, as: (a) A peculiar striped scarf worn by
the pope at mass, and by eastern bishops. (b) A maniple. [Written also
fannel, phanon, etc.]

Fan" palm` (?). (Bot.) Any palm tree having fan-shaped or radiate
leaves; as the ChamÊrops humilis of Southern Europe; the species of
Sabal and Thrinax in the West Indies, Florida, etc.; and especially the
great talipot tree (Corypha umbraculifera) of Ceylon and Malaya. The
leaves of the latter are often eighteen feet long and fourteen wide,
and are used for umbrellas, tents, and roofs. When cut up, they are
used for books and manuscripts.

Fan"tail` (fn"tl`), n. (Zool.) (a) A variety of the domestic pigeon, so
called from the shape of the tail. (b) Any bird of the Australian genus
Rhipidura, in which the tail is spread in the form of a fan during
flight. They belong to the family of flycatchers.

Fan"-tailed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having an expanded, or fan-shaped, tail;
as, the fan-tailed pigeon.

Fan*ta"si*a (?), n. [It. See Fancy.] (Mus.) A continuous composition,
not divided into what are called movements, or governed by the ordinary
rules of musical design, but in which the author's fancy roves
unrestricted by set form.

Fan"ta*sied (?), a. [From Fantasy.] Filled with fancies or
imaginations. [Obs.] Shak.

Fan"tasm (?), n. [See Phantasm, Fancy.] Same as Phantasm.

Fan"tast (?), n. One whose manners or ideas are fantastic. [R.]
Coleridge.

Fan*tas"tic (?), a. [F. fantastique, fr. Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; able to represent, fr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to make visible. See Fancy.] 1. Existing
only in imagination; fanciful; imaginary; not real; chimerical.

2. Having the nature of a phantom; unreal. Shak.

3. Indulging the vagaries of imagination; whimsical; full of absurd
fancies; capricious; as, fantastic minds; a fantastic mistress.

4. Resembling fantasies in irregularity, caprice, or eccentricity;
irregular; oddly shaped; grotesque.

    There at the foot of yonder nodding beech, That wreathes its old
    fantastic roots so high.


T. Gray.

Syn. -- Fanciful; imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious;
chimerical; whimsical; queer. See Fanciful.

Fan*tas"tic, n. A person given to fantastic dress, manners, etc.; an
eccentric person; a fop. Milton.

    Our fantastics, who, having a fine watch, take all ocasions to draw
    it out to be seen.


Fuller.

Fan*tas"tic*al (?), a. Fanciful; unreal; whimsical; capricious;
fantastic.

Fan*tas`ti*cal"i*ty (?), n. Fantastically. [Obs.]

Fan*tas"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In a fantastic manner.

    the letter A, in scarlet, fantastically embroidered with gold
    thread, upon her bosom.


Hawthorne.

Fan*tas"tic-al*ness, n. The quality of being fantastic.

Fan*tas"ti*cism (?), n. The quality of being fantastical; fancifulness;
whimsicality. Ruskin.

Fan*tas"tic*ly (?), adv. Fantastically. [Obs.]

Fan*tas"tic*ness, n. Fantasticalness. [Obs.]

||Fan*tas"ti*co (?), n. [It.] A fantastic. [Obs.] Shak.

Fan"ta*sy (?), n.; pl. Fantasies (#). [See Fancy.] 1. Fancy;
imagination; especially, a whimsical or fanciful conception; a vagary
of the imagination; whim; caprice; humor.

    Is not this something more than fantasy ?


Shak.

    A thousand fantasies Begin to throng into my memory.


Milton.

2. Fantastic designs.

    Embroidered with fantasies and flourishes of gold thread.


Hawthorne.

Fan"ta*sy, v. t. To have a fancy for; to be pleased with; to like; to
fancy. [Obs.] Cavendish.

    Which he doth most fantasy.


Robynson (More's Utopia).

||Fan`toc*ci"ni (?), n. pl. [It., dim. fr. fante child.] Puppets caused
||to perform evolutions or dramatic scenes by means of machinery; also,
||the representations in which they are used.

Fan"tom (?), n. See Phantom.

Fantom corn, phantom corn. Grose.

Fap (?), a. Fuddled. [Obs.] Shak.

Fa*quir" (?), n. See Fakir.

Far (?), n. [See Farrow.] (Zoˆl.) A young pig, or a litter of pigs.

Far, a. [Farther (#) and Farthest (#) are used as the compar. and
superl. of far, although they are corruptions arising from confusion
with further and furthest. See Further.] [OE. fer, feor, AS. feor; akin
to OS. fer, D. ver, OHG. ferro, adv., G. fern, a., Icel. fjarri, Dan.
fjirn, Sw. fjerran, adv., Goth. farra, adv., Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;
beyond, Skr. paras, adv., far, and prob. to L. per through, and E.
prefix for-, as in forgive, and also to fare. Cf. Farther, Farthest.]
1. Distant in any direction; not near; remote; mutually separated by a
wide space or extent.

    They said, . . . We be come from a far country.


Josh. ix. 6.

    The nations far and near contend in choice.


Dryden.

2. Remote from purpose; contrary to design or wishes; as, far be it
from me to justify cruelty.

3. Remote in affection or obedience; at a distance, morally or
spiritually; t enmity with; alienated.

    They that are far from thee ahsll perish.


Ps. lxxiii. 27.

4. Widely different in nature or quality; opposite in character.

    He was far from ill looking, though he thought himself still
    farther.


F. Anstey.

5. The more distant of two; as, the far side (called also off side) of
a horse, that is, the right side, or the one opposite to the rider when
he mounts.

The distinction between the adjectival and adverbial use of far is
sometimes not easily discriminated.

By far, by much; by a great difference. -- Far between, with a long
distance (of space or time) between; at long intervals. "The
examinations are few and far between." Farrar.

Far, adv. 1. To a great extent or distance of space; widely; as, we are
separated far from each other.

2. To a great distance in time from any point; remotely; as, he pushed
his researches far into antiquity.

3. In great part; as, the day is far spent.

4. In a great proportion; by many degrees; very much; deeply; greatly.

    Who can find a virtuous woman ? for her price is far above rubies.


Prov. xxxi. 10.

As far as, to the extent, or degree, that. See As far as, under As. --
Far off. (a) At a great distance, absolutely or relatively. (b) Distant
in sympathy or affection; alienated. "But now, in Christ Jesus, ye who
some time were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ." Eph. ii.
13. -- Far other, different by a great degree; not the same; quite
unlike. Pope. -- Far and near, at a distance and close by; throughout a
whole region. -- Far and wide, distantly and broadly; comprehensively.
"Far and wide his eye commands." Milton. -- From far, from a great
distance; from a remote place.

Far often occurs in self-explaining compounds, such as far-extended,
far-reaching, far-spread.

<! p. 543 !>

Far"-a*bout` (?), n. A going out of the way; a digression. [Obs.]
Fuller.

Far"ad (?), n. [From Michael Faraday, the English electrician.] (Elec.)
The standard unit of electrical capacity; the capacity of a condenser
whose charge, having an electro-motive force of one volt, is equal to
the amount of electricity which, with the same electromotive force,
passes through one ohm in one second; the capacity, which, charged with
one coulomb, gives an electro-motive force of one volt.

Far*ad"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Michael Faraday, the
distinguished electrician; -- applied especially to induced currents of
electricity, as produced by certain forms of inductive apparatus, on
account of Faraday's investigations of their laws.

{ Far"a*dism (?), Far`a*di*za"tion (?), } n. (Med.) The treatment with
faradic or induced currents of electricity for remedial purposes.

Far"and (?), n. See Farrand, n.

Far"an*dams (?), n. A fabrik made of silk and wool or hair. Simmonds.

Far"ant*ly (?), a. [See Farrand.] Orderly; comely; respectable. [Obs.]
Halliwell.

Farce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Farced (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Farcing
(&?;).] [F. Farcir, L. farcire; akin to Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to
fence in, stop up. Cf. Force to stuff, Diaphragm, Frequent, Farcy,
Farse.] 1. To stuff with forcemeat; hence, to fill with mingled
ingredients; to fill full; to stuff. [Obs.]

    The first principles of religion should not be farced with school
    points and private tenets.


Bp. Sanderson.

    His tippet was aye farsed full of knives.


Chaucer.

2. To render fat. [Obs.]

    If thou wouldst farce thy lean ribs.


B. Jonson.

3. To swell out; to render pompous. [Obs.]

    Farcing his letter with fustian.


Sandys.

Farce, n. [F. farce, from L. farsus (also sometimes farctus), p. p. pf
farcire. See Farce, v. t.] 1. (Cookery) Stuffing, or mixture of viands,
like that used on dressing a fowl; forcemeat.

2. A low style of comedy; a dramatic composition marked by low humor,
generally written with little regard to regularity or method, and
abounding with ludicrous incidents and expressions.

    Farce is that in poetry which "grotesque" is in a picture: the
    persons and action of a farce are all unnatural, and the manners
    false.


Dryden.

3. Ridiculous or empty show; as, a mere farce. "The farce of state."
Pope.

Farce"ment (?), n. Stuffing; forcemeat. [Obs.]

    They spoil a good dish with . . . unsavory farcements.


Feltham.

Far"ci*cal (?), a. Pertaining to farce; appropriated to farce;
ludicrous; unnatural; unreal.

    They deny the characters to be farcical, because they are
    &?;&?;tually in in nature.


Gay.

-- Far"ci*cal*ly, adv. - Far"ci*cal*ness, n.

Far"ci*cal, a. Of or pertaining to the disease called farcy. See Farcy,
n.

Far"ci*lite (?), n. [Farce+- lite.] (Min.) Pudding stone. [Obs.]
Kirwan.

{ Far"ci*men (?), Far"cin (?), } n. (Far.) Same as Farcy.

Far"cing (?), n. (Cookery) Stuffing; forcemeat.

Farc"tate (?), a. [L. farctus, p. p. of farcire. See Farce, v. t.]
(Bot.) Stuffed; filled solid; as, a farctate leaf, stem, or pericarp;
-- opposed to tubular or hollow. [Obs.]

Far"cy (?), n. [F. farcin; cf. L. farciminum a disease of horses, fr.
farcire. See Farce.] (Far.) A contagious disease of horses, associated
with painful ulcerating enlargements, esp. upon the head and limbs. It
is of the same nature as glanders, and is often fatal. Called also
farcin, and farcimen.

Farcy, although more common in horses, is communicable to other animals
and to human beings.

Farcy bud, a hard, prominent swelling occurring upon the cutaneous
surface in farcy, due to the obstruction and inflammation of the
lymphatic vessels, and followed by ulceration. Youatt.

Fard (?), n. [F., prob. fr. OHG. gifarit, gifarwit p. p. of farwjan to
color, tinge, fr. farawa color, G. farbe.] Paint used on the face.
[Obs.] "Painted with French fard." J. Whitaker.

Fard, v. t. [F. farder to paint one's face.] To paint; -- said esp. of
one's face. [Obs.] Shenstone.

||Far`dage" (?), n. [F. See Fardel.] (Naut.) See Dunnage.

Far"del (?), n. [OF. fardel, F. fardeau; cf. Sp. fardel, fardillo,
fardo, LL. fardellus; prob. fr. Ar. fard one of the two parts of an
object divisible into two, hence, one of the two parts of a camel's
load. Cf. Furl.] A bundle or little pack; hence, a burden. [Obs.] Shak.

    A fardel of never-ending misery and suspense.


Marryat.

Far"del, v. t. To make up in fardels. [Obs.] Fuller.

Far"ding-bag` (?), n. [Of uncertain origin; cf. Fardel.] The upper
stomach of a cow, or other ruminant animal; the rumen.

Far"ding*dale (?), n. A farthingale. [Obs.]

Far"ding*deal (?), n. [See Farthing, and Deal a part.] The fourth part
of an acre of land. [Obs.] [Written also farding dale, fardingale,
etc.]

Fare (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Faring.] [AS.
faran to travel, fare; akin to OS., Goth., & OHG. faran to travel, go,
D. varen, G. fahren, OFries., Icel., & Sw. fara, Dan. fare, Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a way through, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a ferry, strait,
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to convey, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to
go, march, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; beyond, on the other side, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;
to pass through, L. peritus experienced, portus port, Skr. par to bring
over. &radic;78. Cf. Chaffer, Emporium, Far, Ferry, Ford, Peril, Port a
harbor, Pore, n.] 1. To go; to pass; to journey; to travel.

    So on he fares, and to the border comes Of Eden.


Milton.

2. To be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad; to
be attended with any circummstances or train of events, fortunate or
unfortunate; as, he fared well, or ill.

    So fares the stag among the enraged hounds.


Denham.

    I bid you most heartily well to fare.


Robynson (More's Utopia).

    So fared the knight between two foes.


Hudibras.

3. To be treated or entertained at table, or with bodily or social
comforts; to live.

    There was a certain rich man which . . . fared sumptuously every
    day.


Luke xvi. 19.

4. To happen well, or ill; -- used impersonally; as, we shall see how
it will fare with him.

    So fares it when with truth falsehood contends.


Milton.

5. To behave; to conduct one's self. [Obs.]

    She ferde [fared] as she would die.


Chaucer.

Fare (?), n. [AS. faru journey, fr. faran. See Fare, v.] 1. A journey;
a passage. [Obs.]

    That nought might stay his fare.


Spenser.

2. The price of passage or going; the sum paid or due for conveying a
person by land or water; as, the fare for crossing a river; the fare in
a coach or by railway.

3. Ado; bustle; business. [Obs.]

    The warder chid and made fare.


Chaucer.

4. Condition or state of things; fortune; hap; cheer.

    What fare? what news abroad ?


Shak.

5. Food; provisions for the table; entertainment; as, coarse fare;
delicious fare. "Philosophic fare." Dryden.

6. The person or persons conveyed in a vehicle; as, a full fare of
passengers. A. Drummond.

7. The catch of fish on a fishing vessel.

Bill of fare. See under Bill. -- Fare indicator or register, a device
for recording the number of passengers on a street car, etc. -- Fare
wicket. (a) A gate or turnstile at the entrance of toll bridges,
exhibition grounds, etc., for registering the number of persons passing
it. (b) An opening in the door of a street car for purchasing tickets
of the driver or passing fares to the conductor. Knight.

Far"en (?), obs. p. p. of Fare, v. i. Chaucer.

Fare`well" (?), interj. [Fare (thou, you) + well.] Go well; good-by;
adieu; -- originally applied to a person departing, but by custom now
applied both to those who depart and those who remain. It is often
separated by the pronoun; as, fare you well; and is sometimes used as
an expression of separation only; as, farewell the year; farewell, ye
sweet groves; that is, I bid you farewell.

    So farewell hope, and with hope, farewell fear.


Milton.

    Fare thee well! and if forever, Still forever fare thee well.


Byron.

The primary accent is sometimes placed on the first syllable,
especially in poetry.

Fare`well" (?), n. 1. A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the
parting compliment; a good-by; adieu.

2. Act of departure; leave-taking; a last look at, or reference to
something.

    And takes her farewell of the glorious sun.


Shak.

    Before I take my farewell of the subject.


Addison.

Fare"well` (?), a. Parting; valedictory; final; as, a farewell
discourse; his farewell bow.

    Leans in his spear to take his farewell view.


Tickell.

Farewell rock (Mining), the Millstone grit; -- so called because no
coal is found worth working below this stratum. It is used for hearths
of furnaces, having power to resist intense heat. Ure.

Far"fet` (?), a. [Far + fet, p. p. of Fette.] Farfetched. [Obs.]

    York with his farfet policy.


Shak.

Far"fetch` (?), v. t. [Far + fetch.] To bring from far; to seek out
studiously. [Obs.]

    To farfetch the name of Tartar from a Hebrew word.


Fuller.

Far"fetch`, n. Anything brought from far, or brought about with
studious care; a deep strategem. [Obs.] "Politic farfetches." Hudibras.

Far"fetched` (?), a. 1. Brought from far, or from a remote place.

    Every remedy contained a multitude of farfetched and heterogeneous
    ingredients.


Hawthorne.

2. Studiously sought; not easily or naturally deduced or introduced;
forced; strained.

Fa*ri"na (f*r"n or f*r"n), n. [L., meal, flour, fr. far a sort of
grain, spelt; akin to E. barley.] 1. A fine flour or meal made from
cereal grains or from the starch or fecula of vegetables, extracted by
various processes, and used in cookery.

2. (Bot.) Pollen. [R.] Craig.

Far`i*na"ceous (?), a. [L. farinaceus.] 1. Consisting or made of meal
or flour; as, a farinaceous diet.

2. Yielding farina or flour; as, ffarinaceous seeds.

3. Like meal; mealy; pertaining to meal; as, a farinaceous taste,
smell, or appearance.

Far`i*nose" (?), a. [L. farinosus: cf. F. farineux.] 1. Yielding
farina; as, farinose substances.

2. (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Covered with a sort of white, mealy powder, as the
leaves of some poplars, and the body of certain insects; mealy.

Farl (?), v. t. Same as Furl. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Far"lie (?), n. [OE. ferlish wonder, as adj., strange, sudden, fearful,
AS. frlc sudden. See Fear.] An unusual or unexpected thing; a wonder.
See Fearly. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Drayton.

Farm (?), n. [OE. ferme rent, lease, F. ferme, LL. firma, fr. L. firmus
firm, fast, firmare to make firm or fast. See Firm, a. & n.] 1. The
rent of land, -- originally paid by reservation of part of its
products. [Obs.]

2. The term or tenure of a lease of land for cultivation; a leasehold.
[Obs.]

    It is great willfulness in landlords to make any longer farms to
    their tenants.


Spenser.

3. The land held under lease and by payment of rent for the purpose of
cultivation.

4. Any tract of land devoted to agricultural purposes, under the
management of a tenant or the owner.

In English the ideas of a lease, a term, and a rent, continue to be in
a great degree inseparable, even from the popular meaning of a farm, as
they are entirely so from the legal sense. Burrill.

5. A district of country leased (or farmed) out for the collection of
the revenues of government.

    The province was devided into twelve farms.


Burke.

6. (O. Eng. Law) A lease of the imposts on particular goods; as, the
sugar farm, the silk farm.

    Whereas G. H. held the farm of sugars upon a rent of 10,000 marks
    per annum.


State Trials (1196).

Farm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Farmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Farming.] 1.
To lease or let for an equivalent, as land for a rent; to yield the use
of to proceeds.

    We are enforced to farm our royal realm.


Shak.

2. To give up to another, as an estate, a business, the revenue, etc.,
on condition of receiving in return a percentage of what it yields; as,
to farm the taxes.

    To farm their subjects and their duties toward these.


Burke.

3. To take at a certain rent or rate.

4. To devote (land) to agriculture; to cultivate, as land; to till, as
a farm.

To farm let, To let to farm, to lease on rent.

Farm, v. i. To engage in the business of tilling the soil; to labor as
a farmer.

Farm"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being farmed.

Farm"er (?), n. [Cf. F. fermier.] One who farms; as: (a) One who hires
and cultivates a farm; a cultivator of leased ground; a tenant. Smart.
(b) One who is devoted to the tillage of the soil; one who cultivates a
farm; an agriculturist; a husbandman. (c) One who takes taxes, customs,
excise, or other duties, to collect, either paying a fixed annuual rent
for the privilege; as, a farmer of the revenues. (d) (Mining) The lord
of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the crown.

Farmer-general [F. fermier-general], one to whom the right of levying
certain taxes, in a particular district, was farmed out, under the
former French monarchy, for a given sum paid down. -- Farmers' satin, a
light material of cotton and worsted, used for coat linings. McElrath.
-- The king's farmer (O. Eng. Law), one to whom the collection of a
royal revenue was farmed out. Burrill.

Farm"er*ess, n. A woman who farms.

Farm"er*ship, n. Skill in farming.

Farm"er*y (?), n. The buildings and yards necessary for the business of
a farm; a homestead. [Eng.]

Farm"house`, n. A dwelling house on a farm; a farmer's residence.

Farm"ing, a. Pertaining to agriculture; devoted to, adapted to, or
engaged in, farming; as, farming tools; farming land; a farming
community.

Farm"ing, n. The business of cultivating land.

Far"most` (?), a. Most distant; farthest.

    A spacious cave within its farmost part.


Dryden.

Farm"stead (?), n. A farm with the building upon it; a homestead on a
farm. Tennyson.

    With its pleasant groves and farmsteads.


Carlyle.

Farm"stead*ing, n. A farmstead. [Scot.] Black.

Farm"yard` (?), n. The yard or inclosure attached to a barn, or the
space inclosed by the farm buildings.

Far"ness (?), n. [From Far, a.] The state of being far off; distance;
remoteness. [R.] Grew.

Far"o (?), n. [Said to be so called because the Egyptian king Pharaoh
was formerly represented upon one of the cards.] A gambling game at
cards, in which all the other players play against the dealer or
banker, staking their money upon the order in which the cards will lie
and be dealt from the pack.

Faro bank, the capital which the proprietor of a faro table ventures in
the game; also, the place where a game of faro is played. Hoyle.

Fa`ro*ese` (?), n. sing. & pl. An inhabitant, or, collectively,
inhabitants, of the Faroe islands.

Far"-off` (?), a. Remote; as, the far-off distance. Cf. Far-off, under
Far, adv.

Far*rag*i*nous (?), a. [See Farrago.] Formed of various materials;
mixed; as, a farraginous mountain. [R.] Kirwan.

    A farraginous concurrence of all conditions, tempers, sexes, and
    ages.


Sir T. Browne.

||Far*ra"go (?), n. [L. farrago, -aginis, mixed fodder for cattle,
||mash, medley, fr. far a sort of grain. See Farina.] A mass composed
||of various materials confusedly mixed; a medley; a mixture.

    A confounded farrago of doubts, fears, hopes, wishes, and all the
    flimsy furniture of a country miss's brain.


Sheridan.

Far"rand (?), n. [OE. farand beautiful; cf. Gael. farranta neat, stout,
stately; or perh. akin to E. fare.] Manner; custom; fashion; humor.
[Prov. Eng.] [Written also farand.] Grose.

Far`re*a"tion (?), n. [L. farreatio.] Same as Confarreation.

Far"ri*er (?), n. [OE. farrour, ferrer, OF. ferreor, ferrier, LL.
Ferrator, ferrarius equorum, from ferrare to shoe a horse, ferrum a
horseshoe, fr. L. ferrum iron. Cf. Ferreous.] 1. A shoer of horses; a
veterinary surgeon.

Far"ri*er, v. i. To practice as a farrier; to carry on the trade of a
farrier. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Far"ri*er*y (?), n. 1. The art of shoeing horses.

2. The art of preventing, curing, or mitigating diseases of horses and
cattle; the veterinary art.

3. The place where a smith shoes horses.

<! p. 544 !>

Far"row (fr"r), n. [AS. fearh a little pig; a akin to OHG. farh, farah,
pig, dim. farheli little pig, G. fercel, D. varken pig, Lith. parszas
OIr. orc, L. porcus, Gr. po`rkos. Cf. Pork.] A litter of pigs. Shak.

Far"row, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Farrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Farrowing.] To bring forth (young); -- said only of swine. Tusser.

Far"row, a. [Cf. Scot. ferry cow a cow that is not with calf, D.
vaarkoe, vaars, heifer, G. f‰rse, AS. fearr bull, G. farre. Cf.
Heifer.] Not producing young in a given season or year; - - said only
of cows.

If a cow has had a calf, but fails in a subsequent year, she is said to
be farrow, or to go farrow.

Far"ry (?), n. A farrow. [Obs.] Perry.

Farse (?), n. [See Farce, n.] (Eccl.) An addition to, or a paraphrase
of, some part of the Latin service in the vernacular; -- common in
English before the Reformation.

Far"see`ing (?), a. 1. Able to see to a great distance; farsighted.

2. Having foresight as regards the future.

Far"sight`ed (?), a. 1. Seeing to great distance; hence, of good
judgment regarding the remote effects of actions; sagacious.

2. (Med.) Hypermetropic.

Far"sight`ed*ness, n. 1. Quality of bbeing farsighted.

2. (Med.) Hypermetropia.

Far"-stretched` (?), a. Stretched beyond ordinary limits.

Far"ther (f‰r"r), a., compar. of Far. [superl. Farthest (-st). See
Further.] [For farrer, OE. ferrer, compar. of far; confused with
further. Cf. Farthest.] 1. More remote; more distant than something
else.

2. Tending to a greater distance; beyond a certain point; additional;
further.

    Before our farther way the fates allow.


Dryden.

    Let me add a farther Truth.


Dryden.

    Some farther change awaits us.


MIlton.

Far"ther, adv. 1. At or to a greater distance; more remotely; beyond;
as, let us rest with what we have, without looking farther.

2. Moreover; by way of progress in treating a subject; as, farther, let
us consider the probable event.

No farther, (used elliptically for) go no farther; say no more, etc.

    It will be dangerous to go on. No farther !


Shak.

Far"ther, v. t. To help onward. [R.] See Further.

Far"ther*ance (?), n. [Obs.] See Furtherance.

Far"ther*more` (?), adv. [Obs.] See Furthermore.

Far"ther*most` (?), a. Most remote; farthest.

Far"thest (f‰r"st), a. Superl. of far. [See Farther and cf. Furthest]
Most distant or remote; as, the farthest degree. See Furthest.

Far"thest adv. At or to the greatest distance. See Furthest.

Far"thing (?), n. [OE. furthing, AS. feÛrung, fr. feÛra fourth, feÛr,
feÛwer, four. See Four.] 1. The fourth of a penny; a small copper coin
of Great Britain, being a cent in United States currency.

2. A very small quantity or value. [Obs.]

    In her cup was no farthing seen of grease.


Chaucer.

3. A division of land. [Obs.]

    Thirty acres make a farthing land; nine farthings a Cornish acre;
    and four Cornish acres a knight's fee.


R. Carew.

Far"thin*gale (?), n. [OE. vardingale, fardingale, fr. OF. vertugale,
verdugade, F. vertugade, vertugadin, from Sp. verdugado, being named
from its hoops, fr. verdugo a young shoot of tree, fr. verde green, fr.
L. viridis. See Verdant.] A hoop skirt or hoop petticoat, or other
light, elastic material, used to extend the petticoat.

    We'll revel it as bravely as the best, . . . With ruffs and cuffs,
    and farthingales and things.


Shak.

||Fas"ces (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of fascis bundle; cf. fascia a band, and
||Gr. fa`kelos a bundle.], (Rom. Antiq.) A bundle of rods, having among
||them an ax with the blade projecting, borne before the Roman
||magistrates as a badge of their authority.

Fas"cet (?), n. (Glass Making) A wire basket on the end of a rod to
carry glass bottles, etc., to the annealing furnace; also, an iron rod
to be thrust into the mouths of bottles, and used for the same purpose;
-- called also pontee and punty.

||Fas"ci*a (?), n.; pl. FasciÊ (#). [L., a band: cf. It. fascia. See
||Fasces, and cf. Fess.] 1. A band, sash, or fillet; especially, in
||surgery, a bandage or roller.

2. (Arch.) A flat member of an order or building, like a flat band or
broad fillet; especially, one of the three bands which make up the
architrave, in the Ionic order. See Illust. of Column.

3. (Anat.) The layer of loose tissue, often containing fat, immediately
beneath the skin; the stronger layer of connective tissue covering and
investing all muscles; an aponeurosis.

4. (Zoˆl.) A broad well-defined band of color.

Fas"ci*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to the fasces.

2. (Anat.) Relating to a fascia.

{ Fas"ci*ate (?), Fas"ci*a`ted (?), } a. [L. fasciatus, p. p. of
fasciare to envelop with bands, fr. fascia band. See Fasces.] 1. Bound
with a fillet, sash, or bandage.

2. (Bot.) (a) Banded or compacted together. (b) Flattened and laterally
widened, as are often the stems of the garden cockscomb.

3. (Zoˆl.) Broadly banded with color.

Fas`ci*a"tion, n. The act or manner of binding up; bandage; also, the
condition of being fasciated.

Fas"ci*cle (?), n. [L. fasciculus, dim. of fascis. See Fasces.] A small
bundle or collection; a compact cluster; as, a fascicle of fibers; a
fascicle of flowers or roots.

Fas"ci*cled (?), a. Growing in a bundle, tuft, or close cluster; as,
the fascicled leaves of the pine or larch; the fascicled roots of the
dahlia; fascicled muscle fibers; fascicled tufts of hair.

Fas*cic"u*lar (?), a. Pertaining to a fascicle; fascicled; as, a
fascicular root.

Fas*cic"u*lar*ly, adv. In a fascicled manner. Kirwan.

{ Fas*cic"u*late (?), Fas*cic"u*la`ted (?),} a. Grouped in a fascicle;
fascicled.

||Fas*cic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Fasciculi (#). [L. See Fascicle.] 1. A
||little bundle; a fascicle.

2. A division of a book.

Fas"ci*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fascinated (?), p. pr. & vb. n..
Fascinating (&?;).] [L. fascinare; cf. Gr.
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to slander, bewitch.] 1. To influence in
an uncontrollable manner; to operate on by some powerful or
irresistible charm; to bewitch; to enchant.

    It has been almost universally believed that . . . serpents can
    stupefy and fascinate the prey which they are desirous to obtain.


Griffith (Cuvier).

2. To excite and allure irresistibly or powerfully; to charm; to
captivate, as by physical or mental charms.

    There be none of the passions that have been noted to fascinate or
    bewitch but love and envy.


Bacon.

Syn. -- To charm; enrapture; captivate; enchant; bewitch; attract.

Fas`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L. fascinatio; cf. F. fascination.] 1. The act
of fascinating, bewitching, or enchanting; enchantment; witchcraft; the
exercise of a powerful or irresistible influence on the affections or
passions; unseen, inexplicable influence.

    The Turks hang old rags . . . upon their fairest horses, and other
    goodly creatures, to secure them against fascination.


Waller.

2. The state or condition of being fascinated.

3. That which fascinates; a charm; a spell.

    There is a certain bewitchery or fascination in words.


South.

Fas*cine" (?), n. [F., fr. L. fascina a bundle of sticks, fr. fascis.
See Fasces.] (Fort. & Engin.) A cylindrical bundle of small sticks of
wood, bound together, used in raising batteries, filling ditches,
strengthening ramparts, and making parapets; also in revetments for
river banks, and in mats for dams, jetties, etc.

Fas"ci*nous (?), a. [L. fascinum witchcraft, akin to fascinare. See
Fascinate.] Caused or acting by witchcraft. [Obs.] "Fascinous
diseases." Harvey.

||Fas*ci"o*la (?), n.;pl. FasciolÊ (#). [See Fasciole.] (Anat.) A band
||of gray matter bordering the fimbria in the brain; the dentate
||convolution. Wilder.

Fas"ci*ole (?), n. [L. fasciola a little bandage. See Fascia.] (Zoˆl.)
A band of minute tubercles, bearing modified spines, on the shells of
spatangoid sea urchins. See Spatangoidea.

Fash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fashing.]
[OF. faschier, F. f&?;cher, to anger, vex; cf. Pr. fasticar, fastigar,
fr. L. fastidium dilike. See Fastidious.] To vex; to tease; to trouble.
[Scot.]

Fash, n. Vexation; anxiety; care. [Scot.]

    Without further fash on my part.


De Quincey.

Fash"ion (?), n. [OE. fasoun, facioun, shape, manner, F. facon, orig.,
a making, fr. L. factio a making, fr. facere to make. See Fact, Feat,
and cf. Faction.]

1. The make or form of anything; the style, shape, appearance, or mode
of structure; pattern, model; as, the fashion of the ark, of a coat, of
a house, of an altar, etc.; workmanship; execution.

    The fashion of his countenance was altered.


Luke ix. 29.

    I do not like the fashion of your garments.


Shak.

2. The prevailing mode or style, especially of dress; custom or
conventional usage in respect of dress, behavior, etiquette, etc.;
particularly, the mode or style usual among persons of good breeding;
as, to dress, dance, sing, ride, etc., in the fashion.

    The innocent diversions in fashion.


Locke.

    As now existing, fashion is a form of social regulation analogous
    to constitutional government as a form of political regulation.


H. Spencer.

3. Polite, fashionable, or genteel life; social position; good
breeding; as, men of fashion.

4. Mode of action; method of conduct; manner; custom; sort; way. "After
his sour fashion." Shak.

After a fashion, to a certain extent; in a sort. -- Fashion piece
(Naut.), one of the timbers which terminate the transom, and define the
shape of the stern. -- Fashion plate, a pictorial design showing the
prevailing style or a new style of dress.

Fash"ion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fashioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fashioning.] [Cf. F. faconner.] 1. To form; to give shape or figure to;
to mold.

    Here the loud hammer fashions female toys.


Gay.

    Ingenious art . . . Steps forth to fashion and refine the age.


Cowper.

2. To fit; to adapt; to accommodate; -- with to.

    Laws ought to be fashioned to the manners and conditions of the
    people.


Spenser.

3. To make according to the rule prescribed by custom.

    Fashioned plate sells for more than its weight.


Locke.

4. To forge or counterfeit. [Obs.] Shak.

Fashioning needle (Knitting Machine), a needle used for widening or
narrowing the work and thus shaping it.

Fash"ion*a*ble (?), a. 1. Conforming to the fashion or established
mode; according with the prevailing form or style; as, a fashionable
dress.

2. Established or favored by custom or use; current; prevailing at a
particular time; as, the fashionable philosophy; fashionable opinions.

3. Observant of the fashion or customary mode; dressing or behaving
according to the prevailing fashion; as, a fashionable man.

4. Genteel; well-bred; as, fashionable society.

    Time is like a fashionable host That slightly shakes his parting
    guest by the hand.


Shak.

Fash"ion*a*ble, n. A person who conforms to the fashions; -- used
chiefly in the plural.

Fash"ion*a*ble*ness, n. State of being fashionable.

Fash"ion*a*bly, adv. In a fashionable manner.

Fash"ioned (?), a. Having a certain style or fashion; as old-fashioned;
new- fashioned.

Fash"ion*er (?), n. One who fashions, forms, ar gives shape to
anything. [R.]

    The fashioner had accomplished his task, and the dresses were
    brought home.


Sir W. Scott.

Fash"ion*ist (?), n. An obsequious follower of the modes and fashions.
[R.] Fuller.

Fash"ion*less, a. Having no fashion.

Fash"ion-mon`ger (?), n. One who studies the fashions; a fop; a dandy.
Marston.

Fash"ion-mon`ger*ing, a. Behaving like a fashion-monger. [R.] Shak.

Fas"sa*ite (?), n. (Min.) A variety of pyroxene, from the valley of
Fassa, in the Tyrol.

Fast (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fasting.] [AS.
fÊstan; akin to D. vasten, OHG. fastn, G. fasten, Icel. & Sw. fasta,
Dan. faste, Goth. fastan to keep, observe, fast, and prob. to E. fast
firm.] 1. To abstain from food; to omit to take nourishment in whole or
in part; to go hungry.

    Fasting he went to sleep, and fasting waked.


Milton.

2. To practice abstinence as a religious exercise or duty; to abstain
from food voluntarily for a time, for the mortification of the body or
appetites, or as a token of grief, or humiliation and penitence.

    Thou didst fast and weep for the child.


2 Sam. xii. 21.

Fasting day, a fast day; a day of fasting.

Fast, n. [OE. faste, fast; cf. AS. fÊsten, OHG. fasta, G. faste. See
Fast, v. i.] 1. Abstinence from food; omission to take nourishment.

    Surfeit is the father of much fast.


Shak.

2. Voluntary abstinence from food, for a space of time, as a spiritual
discipline, or as a token of religious humiliation.

3. A time of fasting, whether a day, week, or longer time; a period of
abstinence from food or certain kinds of food; as, an annual fast.

Fast day, a day appointed for fasting, humiliation, and religious
offices as a means of invoking the favor of God. -- To break one's
fast, to put an end to a period of abstinence by taking food;
especially, to take one's morning meal; to breakfast. Shak.

Fast, a. [Compar. Faster (?); superl. Fastest (?).] [OE., firm, strong,
not loose, AS. f&?;st; akin to OS. fast, D. vast, OHG. fasti, festi, G.
fest, Icel. fastr, Sw. & Dan. fast, and perh. to E. fetter. The sense
swift comes from the idea of keeping close to what is pursued; a
Scandinavian use. Cf. Fast, adv., Fast, v., Avast.] 1. Firmly fixed;
closely adhering; made firm; not loose, unstable, or easily moved;
immovable; as, to make fast the door.

    There is an order that keeps things fast.


Burke.

2. Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art; impregnable;
strong.

    Outlaws . . . lurking in woods and fast places.


Spenser.

3. Firm in adherence; steadfast; not easily separated or alienated;
faithful; as, a fast friend.

4. Permanent; not liable to fade by exposure to air or by washing;
durable; lasting; as, fast colors.

5. Tenacious; retentive. [Obs.]

    Roses, damask and red, are fast flowers of their smells.


Bacon.

6. Not easily disturbed or broken; deep; sound.

    All this while in a most fast sleep.


Shak.

7. Moving rapidly; quick in mition; rapid; swift; as, a fast horse.

8. Given to pleasure seeking; disregardful of restraint; reckless;
wild; dissipated; dissolute; as, a fast man; a fast liver. Thackeray.

Fast and loose, now cohering, now disjoined; inconstant, esp. in the
phrases to play at fast and loose, to play fast and loose, to act with
giddy or reckless inconstancy or in a tricky manner; to say one thing
and do another. "Play fast and loose with faith." Shak. - - Fast and
loose pulleys (Mach.), two pulleys placed side by side on a revolving
shaft, which is driven from another shaft by a band, and arranged to
disengage and reÎngage the machinery driven thereby. When the machinery
is to be stopped, the band is transferred from the pulley fixed to the
shaft to the pulley which revolves freely upon it, and vice versa. --
Hard and fast (Naut.), so completely aground as to be immovable. -- To
make fast (Naut.), to make secure; to fasten firmly, as a vessel, a
rope, or a door.

<! p. 545 !>

Fast (?), adv. [OE. faste firmly, strongly, quickly, AS. fÊste. See
Fast, a.] 1. In a fast, fixed, or firmly established manner; fixedly;
firmly; immovably.

    We will bind thee fast.


Judg. xv. 13.

2. In a fast or rapid manner; quickly; swiftly; extravagantly; wildly;
as, to run fast; to live fast.

Fast by, or Fast beside, close or near to; near at hand.

    He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk Into the wood fast by.


Milton.

    Fast by the throne obsequious Fame resides.


Pope.

Fast, n. That which fastens or holds; especially, (Naut.) a mooring
rope, hawser, or chain; - - called, according to its position, a bow,
head, quarter, breast, or stern fast; also, a post on a pier around
which hawsers are passed in mooring.

Fas"ten (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fastened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fastening (?).] [AS. fÊstnian; akin to OHG. festinn. See Fast, a.] 1.
To fix firmly; to make fast; to secure, as by a knot, lock, bolt, etc.;
as, to fasten a chain to the feet; to fasten a door or window.

2. To cause to hold together or to something else; to attach or unite
firmly; to cause to cleave to something , or to cleave together, by any
means; as, to fasten boards together with nails or cords; to fasten
anything in our thoughts.

    The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many
    successions of parties, with very different ideas fastened to them.


Swift.

3. To cause to take close effect; to make to tell; to lay on; as, to
fasten a blow. [Obs.] Dryden.

    If I can fasten but one cup upon him.


Shak.

To fasten a charge, or a crime, upon, to make his guilt certain, or so
probable as to be generally believed. -- To fasten one's eyes upon, to
look upon steadily without cessation. Acts iii. 4.

Syn. -- To fix; cement; stick; link; affix; annex.

Fas"ten, v. i. To fix one's self; to take firm hold; to clinch; to
cling.

    A horse leech will hardly fasten on a fish.


Sir T. Browne.

Fas"ten*er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes fast or firm.

Fas"ten*ing (?), n. Anything that binds and makes fast, as a lock,
catch, bolt, bar, buckle, etc.

Fast"er (?), n. One who abstains from food.

Fast"-hand`ed (?), a. Close- handed; close-fisted; covetous;
avaricious. [Obs.] Bacon.

||Fas"ti (?), n. pl. [L.] 1. The Roman calendar, which gave the days
||for festivals, courts, etc., corresponding to a modern almanac.

2. Records or registers of important events.

Fas*tid`i*os"i*ty (?), n. Fastidiousness; squeamishness. [Obs.] Swift.

Fas*tid"i*ous (?), a. [L. fastidiosus disdainful, fr. fastidium
loathing, aversion, perh. fr. fastus arrogance (of uncertain origin) +
taedium loathing. Cf. Tedious, Fash.] Difficult to please; delicate to
a fault; suited with difficulty; squeamish; as, a fastidious mind or
ear; a fastidious appetite.

    Proud youth ! fastidious of the lower world.


Young.

Syn. -- Squeamish; critical; overnice; difficult; punctilious. --
Fastidious, Squeamish. We call a person fastidious when his taste or
feelings are offended by trifling defects or errors; we call him
squeamish when he is excessively nice or critical on minor points, and
also when he is overscrupulous as to questions of duty. "Whoever
examines his own imperfections will cease to be fastidious; whoever
restrains his caprice and scrupulosity will cease to be squeamish."
Crabb.

-- Fas*tid"i*ous*ly, adv. -- Fas*tid"i*ous*ness, n.

{ Fas*tig"i*ate (?), Fas*tig"i*a`ted (?), } a. [L. fastigium gable end,
top, height, summit.] 1. Narrowing towards the top.

2. (Bot.) Clustered, parallel, and upright, as the branches of the
Lombardy poplar; pointed.

3. (Zoˆl.) United into a conical bundle, or into a bundle with an
enlarged head, like a sheaf of wheat.

Fast"ish (?), a. Rather fast; also, somewhat dissipated. [Colloq.]
Thackeray.

Fast"ly, adv. Firmly; surely.

Fast"ness, n. [AS. fÊstnes, fr. fÊst fast. See Fast, a.] 1. The state
of being fast and firm; firmness; fixedness; security; faithfulness.

    All . . . places of fastness [are] laid open.


Sir J. Davies.

2. A fast place; a stronghold; a fortress or fort; a secure retreat; a
castle; as, the enemy retired to their fastnesses in the mountains.

3. Conciseness of style. [Obs.] Ascham.

4. The state of being fast or swift.

Fas"tu*ous (?), a. [L. fastuosus, from fastus haughtiness, pride: cf.
F. fastueux.] Proud; haughty; disdainful. [Obs.] Barrow. --
Fas"tu*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Fat (?), n. [See Vat, n.] 1. A large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat.
[Obs.]

    The fats shall overflow with wine and oil.


Joel ii. 24.

2. A measure of quantity, differing for different commodities. [Obs.]
Hebert.

Fat, a. [Compar. Fatter (?); superl. Fattest (?).] [AS. ftt; akin to D.
vet, G. fett, feist, Icel. feitr, Sw. fet, Dan. fed, and perh. to Gr.
pi^dax spring, fountain, pidy`ein to gush forth, pi`wn fat, Skr. pi to
swell.] 1. Abounding with fat; as: (a) Fleshy; characterized by
fatness; plump; corpulent; not lean; as, a fat man; a fat ox. (b) Oily;
greasy; unctuous; rich; -- said of food.

2. Exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy; gross;
dull; stupid.

    Making our western wits fat and mean.


Emerson.

    Make the heart of this people fat.


Is. vi. 10.

3. Fertile; productive; as, a fat soil; a fat pasture.

4. Rich; producing a large income; desirable; as, a fat benefice; a fat
office; a fat job.

    Now parson of Troston, a fat living in Suffolk.


Carlyle.

5. Abounding in riches; affluent; fortunate. [Obs.]

    Persons grown fat and wealthy by long impostures.


Swift.

6. (Typog.) Of a character which enables the compositor to make large
wages; -- said of matter containing blank, cuts, or many leads, etc.;
as, a fat take; a fat page.

Fat lute, a mixture of pipe clay and oil for filling joints.

Fat (?), n. 1. (Physiol. Chem.) An oily liquid or greasy substance
making up the main bulk of the adipose tissue of animals, and widely
distributed in the seeds of plants. See Adipose tissue, under Adipose.

Animal fats are composed mainly of three distinct fats, tristearin,
tripalmitin, and triolein, mixed in varying proportions. As olein is
liquid at ordinary temperatures, while the other two fats are solid, it
follows that the consistency or hardness of fats depends upon the
relative proportion of the three individual fats. During the life of an
animal, the fat is mainly in a liquid state in the fat cells, owing to
the solubility of the two solid fats in the more liquid olein at the
body temperature. Chemically, fats are composed of fatty acid, as
stearic, palmitic, oleic, etc., united with glyceryl. In butter fat,
olein and palmitin predominate, mixed with another fat characteristic
of butter, butyrin. In the vegetable kingdom many other fats or
glycerides are to be found, as myristin from nutmegs, a glyceride of
lauric acid in the fat of the bay tree, etc.

2. The best or richest productions; the best part; as, to live on the
fat of the land.

3. (Typog.) Work. containing much blank, or its equivalent, and,
therefore, profitable to the compositor.

Fat acid. (Chem.) See Sebacic acid, under Sebacic. -- Fat series, Fatty
series (Chem.), the series of the paraffine hydrocarbons and their
derivatives; the marsh gas or methane series. -- Natural fats (Chem.),
the group of oily substances of natural occurrence, as butter, lard,
tallow, etc., as distinguished from certain fatlike substance of
artificial production, as paraffin. Most natural fats are essentially
mixtures of triglycerides of fatty acids.

Fat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fatted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. atting (?).] [OE.
fatten, AS. fttian. See Fat, a., and cf. Fatten.] To make fat; to
fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food; as, to fat fowls
or sheep.

    We fat all creatures else to fat us.


Shak.

Fat, v. i. To grow fat, plump, and fleshy.

    An old ox fats as well, and is as good, as a young one.


Mortimer.

Fa"tal, a. [L. fatalis, fr. fatum: cf. F. fatal. See Fate.] 1.
Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate or destiny; necessary;
inevitable. [R.]

    These thing are fatal and necessary.


Tillotson.

    It was fatal to the king to fight for his money.


Bacon.

2. Foreboding death or great disaster. [R.]

    That fatal screech owl to our house That nothing sung but death to
    us and ours.


Shak.

3. Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal; destructive;
calamitous; as, a fatal wound; a fatal disease; a fatal day; a fatal
error.

Fa"tal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. fatalisme.] The doctrine that all things are
subject to fate, or that they take place by inevitable necessity.

Fa"tal*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. fataliste.] One who maintains that all
things happen by inevitable necessity.

Fa`tal*is"tic (?), a. Implying, or partaking of the nature of,
fatalism.

Fa*tal"i*ty (?), n.;pl. Fatalities (#). [L. fatalitas: cf. F. fatalitÈ]
1. The state of being fatal, or proceeding from destiny; invincible
necessity, superior to, and independent of, free and rational control.

    The Stoics held a fatality, and a fixed, unalterable course of
    events.


South.

2. The state of being fatal; tendency to destruction or danger, as if
by decree of fate; mortaility.

    The year sixty-three is conceived to carry with it the most
    considerable fatality.


Ser T. Browne.

    By a strange fatality men suffer their dissenting.


Eikon Basilike.

3. That which is decreed by fate or which is fatal; a fatal event.
Dryden.

Fa"tal*ly (?), adv. 1. In a manner proceeding from, or determined by,
fate. Bentley.

2. In a manner issuing in death or ruin; mortally; destructively; as,
fatally deceived or wounded.

Fa"tal*ness, n. Quality of being fatal. Johnson.

||Fa"ta Mor*ga"na (?). [It.; -- so called because this phenomenon was
||looked upon as the work of a fairy (It. fata) of the name of Morg·na.
||See Fairy.] A kind of mirage by which distant objects appear
||inverted, distorted, displaced, or multiplied. It is noticed
||particularly at the Straits of Messina, between Calabria and Sicily.

Fat"back` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The menhaden.

Fat"-brained` (?), a. Dull of apprehension.

Fate (?), n. [L. fatum a prophetic declaration, oracle, what is
ordained by the gods, destiny, fate, fr. fari to speak: cf. OF. fat.
See Fame, Fable, Ban, and cf. 1st Fay, Fairy.] 1. A fixed decree by
which the order of things is prescribed; the immutable law of the
universe; inevitable necessity; the force by which all existence is
determined and conditioned.

    Necessity and chance Approach not me; and what I will is fate.


Milton.

    Beyond and above the Olympian gods lay the silent, brooding,
    everlasting fate of which victim and tyrant were alike the
    instruments.


Froude.

2. Appointed lot; allotted life; arranged or predetermined event;
destiny; especially, the final lot; doom; ruin; death.

    The great, th'important day, big with the fate Of Cato and of Rome.


Addison.

    Our wills and fates do so contrary run That our devices still are
    overthrown.


Shak.

    The whizzing arrow sings, And bears thy fate, Antinous, on its
    wings.


Pope.

3. The element of chance in the affairs of life; the unforeseen and
unestimated conitions considered as a force shaping events; fortune;
esp., opposing circumstances against which it is useless to struggle;
as, fate was, or the fates were, against him.

    A brave man struggling in the storms of fate.


Pope.

    Sometimes an hour of Fate's serenest weather strikes through our
    changeful sky its coming beams.


B. Taylor.

4. pl. [L. Fata, pl. of fatum.] (Myth.) The three goddesses, Clotho,
Lachesis, and Atropos, sometimes called the Destinies, or ParcÊwho were
supposed to determine the course of human life. They are represented,
one as holding the distaff, a second as spinning, and the third as
cutting off the thread.

Among all nations it has been common to speak of fate or destiny as a
power superior to gods and men -- swaying all things irresistibly. This
may be called the fate of poets and mythologists. Philosophical fate is
the sum of the laws of the universe, the product of eternal
intelligence and the blind properties of matter. Theological fate
represents Deity as above the laws of nature, and ordaining all things
according to his will -- the expression of that will being the law.
Krauth- Fleming.

Syn. -- Destiny; lot; doom; fortune; chance.

Fat"ed (?), p. p. & a. 1. Decreed by fate; destined; doomed; as, he was
fated to rule a factious people.

    One midnight Fated to the purpose.


Shak.

2. Invested with the power of determining destiny. [Obs.] "The fated
sky." Shak.

3. Exempted by fate. [Obs. or R.] Dryden.

Fate"ful (?), a. . Having the power of serving or accomplishing fate.
"The fateful steel." J. Barlow.

2. Significant of fate; ominous.

    The fateful cawings of the crow.


Longfellow.

-- Fate"ful*ly, adv.- Fate"ful*ness, n.

Fat"head` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A cyprinoid fish of the Mississippi
valley (Pimephales promelas); -- called also black-headed minnow. (b) A
labroid food fish of California; the redfish.

Fa"ther (f‰"r), n. [OE. fader, AS. fÊder; akin to OS. fadar, D. vader,
OHG. fatar, G. vater, Icel. fair Sw. & Dan. fader, OIr. athir, L.
pater, Gr. path`r, Skr. pitr, perh. fr. Skr. p protect. &radic;75, 247.
Cf. Papa, Paternal, Patriot, Potential, Pablum.] 1. One who has
begotten a child, whether son or daughter; a generator; a male parent.

    A wise son maketh a glad father.


Prov. x. 1.

2. A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a progenitor; especially,
a first ancestor; a founder of a race or family; -- in the plural,
fathers, ancestors.

    David slept with his fathers.


1 Kings ii. 10.

    Abraham, who is the father of us all.


Rom. iv. 16.

3. One who performs the offices of a parent by maintenance, affetionate
care, counsel, or protection.

    I was a father to the poor.


Job xxix. 16.

    He hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house.


Gen. xiv. 8.

4. A respectful mode of address to an old man.

    And Joash the king of Israel came down unto him [Elisha], . . . and
    said, O my father, my father!


2 Kings xiii. 14.

5. A senator of ancient Rome.

6. A dignitary of the church, a superior of a convent, a confessor
(called also father confessor), or a priest; also, the eldest member of
a profession, or of a legislative assembly, etc.

    Bless you, good father friar !


Shak.

7. One of the chief ecclesiastical authorities of the first centuries
after Christ; -- often spoken of collectively as the Fathers; as, the
Latin, Greek, or apostolic Fathers.

8. One who, or that which, gives origin; an originator; a producer,
author, or contriver; the first to practice any art, profession, or
occupation; a distinguished example or teacher.

    The father of all such as handle the harp and organ.


Gen. iv. 21.

    Might be the father, Harry, to that thought.


Shak.

    The father of good news.


Shak.

9. The Supreme Being and Creator; God; in theology, the first person in
the Trinity.

    Our Father, which art in heaven.


Matt. vi. 9.

    Now had the almighty Father from above . . . Bent down his eye.


Milton.

Adoptive father, one who adopts the child of another, treating it as
his own. -- Apostolic father, Conscript fathers, etc. See under
Apostolic, Conscript, etc. -- Father in God, a title given to bishops.
-- Father of lies, the Devil. -- Father of the bar, the oldest
practitioner at the bar. -- Fathers of the city, the aldermen. --
Father of the Faithful. (a) Abraham. Rom. iv. Gal. iii. 6- 9. (b)
Mohammed, or one of the sultans, his successors. -- Father of the
house, the member of a legislative body who has had the longest
continuous service. -- Most Reverend Father in God, a title given to
archbishops and metropolitans, as to the archbishops of Canterbury and
York. -- Natural father, the father of an illegitimate child. --
Putative father, one who is presumed to be the father of an
illegitimate child; the supposed father. -- Spiritual father. (a) A
religious teacher or guide, esp. one instrumental in leading a soul to
God. (b) (R. C. Ch.) A priest who hears confession in the sacrament of
penance. -- The Holy Father (R. C. Ch.), the pope.

Fa"ther (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fathering.] 1. To make one's self the father of; to beget.

    Cowards father cowards, and base things sire base.


Shak.

2. To take as one's own child; to adopt; hence, to assume as one's own
work; to acknowledge one's self author of or responsible for (a
statement, policy, etc.).

    Men of wit Often fathered what he writ.


Swift.

3. To provide with a father. [R.]

    Think you I am no stronger than my sex, Being so fathered and so
    husbanded ?


Shak.

To father on or upon, to ascribe to, or charge upon, as one's offspring
or work; to put or lay upon as being responsible. "Nothing can be so
uncouth or extravagant, which may not be fathered on some fetch of wit,
or some caprice of humor." Barrow.

<! p. 546 !>

Fa"ther*hood (?), n. The state of being a father; the character or
authority of a father; paternity.

Fa"ther-in-law` (?), n.; pl. Fathers-in-law (&?;). The father of one's
husband or wife; -- correlative to son-in-law and daughter- in-law.

A man who marries a woman having children already, is sometimes, though
erroneously, called their father-in-law.

Fa"ther*land" (?), n. [Imitated fr. D. vaderland. See Father, and
Land.] One's native land; the native land of one's fathers or
ancestors.

Fa"ther-lash`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A European marine fish (Cottus
bubalis), allied to the sculpin; -- called also lucky proach.

Fa"ther*less, a. 1. Destitute of a living father; as, a fatherless
child.

2. Without a known author. Beau. & Fl.

Fa"ther*less*ness, n. The state of being without a father.

Fa"ther*li*ness (?), n. [From Fatherly.] The qualities of a father;
parantal kindness, care, etc.

Fa"ther long"legs` (?). (Zoˆl.) See Daddy longlegs, 2.

Fa"ther*ly, a. 1. Like a father in affection and care; paternal;
tender; protecting; careful.

    You have showed a tender, fatherly regard.


Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to a father.

Fa"ther*ship, n. The state of being a father; fatherhood; paternity.

Fath"om (f"m), n. [OE. fadme, fame, AS. fÊm fathom, the embracing
arms; akin to OS. famos the outstretched arms, D. vadem, vaam, fathom,
OHG. fadom, fadum, G. faden fathom, thread, Icel. famr fathom, Sw.
famn, Dan. favn; cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to spread out,
&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; outspread, flat, L. patere to lie open, extend.
Cf. Patent, Petal.] 1. A measure of length, containing six feet; the
space to which a man can extend his arms; -- used chiefly in measuring
cables, cordage, and the depth of navigable water by soundings.

2. The measure or extant of one's capacity; depth, as of intellect;
profundity; reach; penetration. [R.]

    Another of his fathom they have none To lead their business.


Shak.

Fath"om, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fathomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fathoming.]
1. To encompass with the arms extended or encircling; to measure by
throwing the arms about; to span. [Obs.] Purchas.

2. To measure by a sounding line; especially, to sound the depth of; to
penetrate, measure, and comprehend; to get to the bottom of. Dryden.

    The page of life that was spread out before me seemed dull and
    commonplace, only because I had not fathomed its deeper import.


Hawthotne.

Fath"om*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being fathomed.

Fath"om*er (?), n. One who fathoms.

Fath"om*less, a. 1. Incapable of being fathomed; immeasurable; that can
not be sounded.

    And buckle in a waist most fathomless.


Shak.

2. Incomprehensible.

    The fathomless absurdity.


Milton.

Fa*tid"i*cal (?), a. [L. fatidicus; fatum fate + dicere to say, tell.]
Having power to foretell future events; prophetic; fatiloquent; as, the
fatidical oak. [R.] Howell. -- Fa*tid"i*cal*ly, adv.

Fa*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. fatifer; fatum fate + ferre to bear, bring.]
Fate-bringing; deadly; mortal; destructive. [R.] Johnson.

Fat"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. fatigabilis: cf. F. fatigable. See Fatigue.]
Easily tired. [Obs.] Bailey.

Fat"i*gate (?), a. [L. fatigatus, p. p. of fatigare. See Fatigue.]
Wearied; tired; fatigued. [Obs.]

    Requickened what in flesh was fatigate.


Shak.

Fat"i*gate (?), v. t. To weary; to tire; to fatigue. [Obs.] Sir T.
Elyot.

Fat`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. fatigatio: cf. OF. fatigation.] Weariness.
[Obs.] W. Montaqu.

Fa*tigue" (?), n. [F., fr. fatiguer to fatigue, L. fatigare; cf. L.
affatim sufficiently.] 1. Weariness from bodily labor or mental
exertion; lassitude or exhaustion of strength.

2. The cause of weariness; labor; toil; as, the fatigues of war.
Dryden.

3. The weakening of a metal when subjected to repeated vibrations or
strains.

Fatigue call (Mil.), a summons, by bugle or drum, to perform fatigue
duties. -- Fatigue dress, the working dress of soldiers. -- Fatigue
duty (Mil.), labor exacted from soldiers aside from the use of arms.
Farrow. -- Fatigue party, a party of soldiers on fatigue duty.

Fa*tigue", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fatigued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fatiguing,
n.] [Cf. F. fatiguer. See Fatigue, n.] To weary with labor or any
bodily or mental exertion; to harass with toil; to exhaust the strength
or endurance of; to tire.

Syn. -- To jade; tire; weary; bore. See Jade.

Fa*til"o*quent (?), a. [See Fatiloquist.] Prophetic; fatidical. [Obs.]
Blount.

Fa*til"o*quist (?), n. [L. fatiloquus declaring fate; fatum fate+ Loqui
to speak.] A fortune teller.

{ Fat"i*mite (?), Fat"i*mide (?) }, a. (Hist.) Descended from Fatima,
the daughter and only child of Mohammed. -- n. A descendant of Fatima.

Fa*tis"cence (?), n. [L. fatiscense, p. pr. of fatiscere to gape or
crack open.] A gaping or opening; state of being chinky, or having
apertures. Kirwan.

Fat"-kid`neyed (?), a. Gross; lubberly.

    Peace, ye fat-kidneyed rascal !


Shak.

Fat"ling (?), n. [Fat + - ling.] A calf, lamb, kid, or other young
animal fattened for slaughter; a fat animal; -- said of such animals as
are used for food.

    He sacrificed oxen and fatlings.


2 Sam. vi. 13.

Fat"ly, adv. Grossly; greasily.

Fat"ner (?), n. One who fattens. [R.] See Fattener. Arbuthnit.

Fat"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being fat, plump, or full-fed;
corpulency; fullness of flesh.

    Their eyes stand out with fatness.


Ps. lxxiii. 7.

2. Hence; Richness; fertility; fruitfulness.

    Rich in the fatness of her plenteous soil.


Rowe.

3. That which makes fat or fertile.

    The clouds drop fatness.


Philips.

Fat"ten (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fattened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fattening (?).] [See Fat, v. t.] 1. To make fat; to feed for slaughter;
to make fleshy or plump with fat; to fill full; to fat.

2. To make fertile and fruitful; to enrich; as, to fatten land; to
fatten fields with blood. Dryden.

Fat"ten, v. i. To grow fat or corpulent; to grow plump, thick, or
fleshy; to be pampered.

    And villains fatten with the brave man's labor.


Otway.

Fat"ten*er (?), n. One who, or that which, fattens; that which gives
fatness or fertility.

Fat"ti*ness (?), n. State or quality of being fatty.

Fat"tish (?), a. Somewhat fat; inclined to fatness.

    Coleridge, a puffy, anxious, obstructed-looking, fattish old man.


Carlyle.

Fat"ty (?), a. Containing fat, or having the qualities of fat; greasy;
gross; as, a fatty substance.

Fatty acid (Chem.), any one of the paraffin series of monocarbonic
acids, as formic acid, acetic, etc.; -- so called because the higher
members, as stearic and palmitic acids, occur in the natural fats, and
are themselves fatlike substances. -- Fatty clays. See under Clay. --
Fatty degeneration (Med.), a diseased condition, in which the oil
globules, naturally present in certain organs, are so multiplied as
gradually to destroy and replace the efficient parts of these organs.
-- Fatty heart, Fatty liver, etc. (Med.), a heart, liver, etc., which
have been the subjects of fatty degeneration or infiltration. -- Fatty
infiltration (Med.), a condition in which there is an excessive
accumulation of fat in an organ, without destruction of any essential
parts of the latter. -- Fatty tumor (Med.), a tumor consisting of fatty
or adipose tissue; lipoma.

Fa*tu"i*tous (?), a. Stupid; fatuous.

Fa*tu"i*ty (?), n. [L. fatuitas, fr. fatuus foolish: cf. F. fatuitÈ Cf.
Fatuous.] Weakness or imbecility of mind; stupidity.

    Those many forms of popular fatuity.


I Taylor.

Fat"u*ous (?), a. [L. fatuus.] 1. Feeble in mind; weak; silly; stupid;
foolish; fatuitous. Glanvill.

2. Without reality; illusory, like the ignis fatuus.

    Thence fatuous fires and meteors take their birth.


Danham.

Fat"-wit`ted (?), a. Dull; stupid. Shak.

||Fau`bourg" (f`br"; E. f"brg), n. [F.] A suburb of a French city;
||also, a district now within a city, but formerly without its walls.

Fau"cal (?), a. [L. fauces throat.] Pertaining to the fauces, or
opening of the throat; faucial; esp., (Phon.) produced in the fauces,
as certain deep guttural sounds found in the Semitic and some other
languages.

    Ayin is the most difficult of the faucals.


I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

||Fau"ces (?), n. pl. [L.] 1. (Anat.) The narrow passage from the mouth
||to the pharynx, situated between the soft palate and the base of the
||tongue; -- called also the isthmus of the fauces. On either side of
||the passage two membranous folds, called the pillars of the fauces,
||inclose the tonsils.

2. (Bot.) The throat of a calyx, corolla, etc.

3. (Zoˆl.) That portion of the interior of a spiral shell which can be
seen by looking into the aperture.

Fau"cet (?), n. [F. fausset, perh. fr. L. fauces throat.] 1. A fixture
for drawing a liquid, as water, molasses, oil, etc., from a pipe, cask,
or other vessel, in such quantities as may be desired; -- called also
tap, and cock. It consists of a tubular spout, stopped with a movable
plug, spigot, valve, or slide.

2. The enlarged end of a section of pipe which receives the spigot end
of the next section.

Fau"chion (?), n. See Falchion. [Obs.]

Fau"cial (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the fauces; pharyngeal.

Faugh (?), interj. [Cf. Foh.] An exclamation of contempt, disgust, or
abhorrence.

Faul"chion (?), n. See Falchion.

Faul"con (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Falcon.

Fauld (?), n. The arch over the dam of a blast furnace; the tymp arch.

Faule (?), n. A fall or falling band. [Obs.]

    These laces, ribbons, and these faules.


Herrick.

Fault (?), n. [OE. faut, faute, F. faute (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. falta),
fr. a verb meaning to want, fail, freq., fr. L. fallere to deceive. See
Fail, and cf. Default.] 1. Defect; want; lack; default.

    One, it pleases me, for fault of a better, to call my friend.


Shak.

2. Anything that fails, that is wanting, or that impairs excellence; a
failing; a defect; a blemish.

    As patches set upon a little breach Discredit more in hiding of the
    fault.


Shak.

3. A moral failing; a defect or dereliction from duty; a deviation from
propriety; an offense less serious than a crime.

4. (Geol. & Mining) (a) A dislocation of the strata of the vein. (b) In
coal seams, coal rendered worthless by impurities in the seam; as,
slate fault, dirt fault, etc. Raymond.

5. (Hunting) A lost scent; act of losing the scent.

    Ceasing their clamorous cry till they have singled, With much ado,
    the cold fault cleary out.


Shak.

6. (Tennis) Failure to serve the ball into the proper court.

At fault, unable to find the scent and continue chase; hence, in
trouble or embarrassment, and unable to proceed; puzzled; thrown off
the track. -- To find fault, to find reason for blaming or complaining;
to express dissatisfaction; to complain; -- followed by with before the
thing complained of; but formerly by at. "Matter to find fault at."
Robynson (More's Utopia).

Syn. -- -- Error; blemish; defect; imperfection; weakness; blunder;
failing; vice. -- Fault, Failing, Defect, Foible. A fault is positive,
something morally wrong; a failing is negative, some weakness or
falling short in a man's character, disposition, or habits; a defect is
also negative, and as applied to character is the absence of anything
which is necessary to its completeness or perfection; a foible is a
less important weakness, which we overlook or smile at. A man may have
many failings, and yet commit but few faults; or his faults and
failings may be few, while his foibles are obvious to all. The faults
of a friend are often palliated or explained away into mere defects,
and the defects or foibles of an enemy exaggerated into faults. "I have
failings in common with every human being, besides my own peculiar
faults; but of avarice I have generally held myself guiltless." Fox.
"Presumption and self-applause are the foibles of mankind." Waterland.

Fault (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Faulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Faulting.] 1.
To charge with a fault; to accuse; to find fault with; to blame. [Obs.]

    For that I will not fault thee.


Old Song.

2. (Geol.) To interrupt the continuity of (rock strata) by displacement
along a plane of fracture; -- chiefly used in the p. p.; as, the coal
beds are badly faulted.

Fault, v. i. To err; to blunder, to commit a fault; to do wrong. [Obs.]

    If after Samuel's death the people had asked of God a king, they
    had not faulted.


Latimer.

Fault"er (?), n. One who commits a fault. [Obs.]

    Behold the faulter here in sight.


Fairfax.

Fault"-find`er (?), n. One who makes a practice of discovering others'
faults and censuring them; a scold.

Fault"-find`ing, n. The act of finding fault or blaming; -- used
derogatively. Also Adj.

Fault"ful (?), a. Full of faults or sins. Shak.

Fault"i*ly (?), adv. In a faulty manner.

Fault"i*ness, n. Quality or state of being faulty.

    Round, even to faultiness.


Shak.

Fault"ing, n. (Geol.) The state or condition of being faulted; the
process by which a fault is produced.

Fault"less, a. Without fault; not defective or imperfect; free from
blemish; free from incorrectness, vice, or offense; perfect; as, a
faultless poem.

    Whoever thinks a faultless piece to see, Thinks what ne'er was, nor
    is, nor e'er shall be.


Pope.

Syn. -- Blameless; spotless; perfect. See Blameless.

-- Fault"less*ly, adv.- Fault"less*ness, n.

Fault"y (?), a. 1. Containing faults, blemishes, or defects; imperfect;
not fit for the use intended.

    Created once So goodly and erect, though faulty since.


Milton.

2. Guilty of a fault, or of faults; hence, blamable; worthy of censure.
Shak.

    The king doth speak . . . as one which is faulty.


2 Sam. xiv. 13.

Faun (?), n. [L. Faunus, fr. favere to be favorable. See Favor.] (Rom.
Myth.) A god of fields and shipherds, diddering little from the satyr.
The fauns are usually represented as half goat and half man.

    Satyr or Faun, or Sylvan.


Milton.

Fau"na (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. faune. See Faun.] (Zoˆl.) The animals of
any given area or epoch; as, the fauna of America; fossil fauna; recent
fauna.

Fau"nal (?), a. Relating to fauna.

Fau"nist (?), n. One who describes the fauna of country; a naturalist.
Gilbert White.

||Fau"nus (?), n.;pl. Fauni (#). [L.] (Myth.) See Faun.

Fau"sen (?), n. [Cf. W. llysowen eel, ll sounding in Welsh almost like
fl.] (Zoˆl.) A young eel. [Prov. Eng.]

||Fausse`-braye" (?), n. [F. fausse- braie.] (Mil.) A second rampart,
||exterior to, and parallel to, the main rampart, and considerably
||below its level.

||Fau`teuil" (?), n. [F. See Faldistory.] 1. An armchair; hence
||(because the members sit in fauteuils or armchairs), membership in
||the French Academy.

2. Chair of a presiding officer.

Fau"tor (?), n. [L., contr. fr. favitor, fr. favere to be favorable:
cf. F. fauteur. See Favor.] A favorer; a patron; one who gives
countenance or support; an abettor. [Obs.]

    The king and the fautors of his proceedings.


Latimer.

Fau"tress (?), n. [L. fauutrix: cf. F. fautrice.] A patroness. [Obs.]
Chapman.

||Fau`vette" (?), n. [F., dim. fr. fauve fawn-colored.] (Zoˆl.) A small
||singing bird, as the nightingale and warblers.

<! p. 547 !>

||Faux (?), n.; pl. Fauces (#). [L.] See Fauces.

||faux` pas" (?). [F. See False, and Pas.] A false step; a mistake or
||wrong measure.

Fa*vag"i*nous (?), a. [L. favus a honeycomb.] Formed like, or
resembling, a honeycomb.

Fa"vas (?), n. See Favus, n., 2. Fairholt.

Fa"vel (?), a. [OF. fauvel, favel, dim. of F. fauve; of German oigin.
See Fallow, a.] Yellow; fal&?;ow; dun. [Obs.] Wright.

Fa"vel, n. A horse of a favel or dun color.

To curry favel. See To curry favor, under Favor, n.

Fa"vel, n. [OF. favele, fr. L. fabella short fable, dim. of fabula. See
Fable.] Flattery; cajolery; deceit. [Obs.] Skeat.

||Fa*vel"la (?), n. [NL., prob. from L. favus a honeycomb.] (Bot.) A
||group of spores arranged without order and covered with a thin
||gelatinous envelope, as in certain delicate red algÊ.

Fa*ve"o*late (?), a. [L. favus honeycomb.] Honeycomb; having cavities
or cells, somewhat resembling those of a honeycomb; alveolate; favose.

Fa*vil"lous (?), a. [L. favilla sparkling or glowing ashes.] Of or
pertaining to ashes. [Obs.]

    Light and favillous particles.


Sir T. Browne.

Fa*vo"ni*an (?), a. [L. Favonius the west wind.] Pertaining to the west
wind; soft; mild; gentle.

Fa"vor (?), n. [Written also favour.] [OF. favor, F. faveur, L. favor,
fr. favere to be favorable, cf. Skr. bhvaya to further, foster,
causative of bh to become, be. Cf. Be. In the phrase to curry favor,
favor is prob. for favel a horse. See 2d Favel.] 1. Kind regard;
propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good
will.

    Hath crawled into the favor of the king.


Shak.

2. The act of countenancing, or the condition of being countenanced, or
regarded propitiously; support; promotion; befriending.

    But found no favor in his lady's eyes.


Dryden.

    And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God
    and man.


Luke ii. 52.

3. A kind act or office; kindness done or granted; benevolence shown by
word or deed; an act of grace or good will, as distinct from justice or
remuneration.

    Beg one favor at thy gracious hand.


Shak.

4. Mildness or mitigation of punishment; lenity.

    I could not discover the lenity and favor of this sentence.


Swift.

5. The object of regard; person or thing favored.

    All these his wondrous works, but chiefly man, His chief delight
    and favor.


Milton.

6. A gift or represent; something bestowed as an evidence of good will;
a token of love; a knot of ribbons; something worn as a token of
affection; as, a marriage favor is a bunch or knot of white ribbons or
white flowers worn at a wedding.

    Wear thou this favor for me, and stick it in thy cap.


Shak.

7. Appearance; look; countenance; face. [Obs.]

    This boy is fair, of female favor.


Shak.

8. (Law) Partiality; bias. Bouvier.

9. A letter or epistle; -- so called in civility or compliment; as,
your favor of yesterday is received.

10. pl. Love locks. [Obs.] Wright.

Challenge to the favor or for favor (Law), the challenge of a juror on
grounds not sufficient to constitute a principal challenge, but
sufficient to give rise to a probable suspicion of favor or bias, such
as acquaintance, business relation, etc. See Principal challenge, under
Challenge. -- In favor of, upon the side of; favorable to; for the
advantage of. -- In favor with, favored, countenanced, or encouraged
by. -- To curry favor [see the etymology of Favor, above], to seek to
gain favor by flattery, caresses, kindness, or officious civilities. --
With one's favor, or By one's favor, with leave; by kind permission.

    But, with your favor, I will treat it here.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Kindness; countenance; patronage; support; lenity; grace; gift;
present; benefit.

Fa"vor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Favored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Favoring.]
[Written also favour.] [Cf. OF. favorer, favorir. See Favor, n.] 1. To
regard with kindness; to support; to aid, or to have the disposition to
aid, or to wish success to; to be propitious to; to countenance; to
treat with consideration or tenderness; to show partiality or unfair
bias towards.

    O happy youth! and favored of the skies.


Pope.

    He that favoreth Joab, . . . let him go after Joab.


2 Sam. xx. 11.

    [The painter] has favored her squint admirably.


Swift.

2. To afford advantages for success to; to facilitate; as, a weak place
favored the entrance of the enemy.

3. To resemble in features; to have the aspect or looks of; as, the
child favors his father.

    The porter owned that the gentleman favored his master.


Spectator.

Fa"vor*a*ble (?), a. [Written also favourable.] [F. favorable, L.
favorabilis favored, popular, pleasing, fr. favor. See Favor, n.] 1.
Full of favor; favoring; manifesting partiality; kind; propitious;
friendly.

    Lend favorable ears to our request.


Shak.

    Lord, thou hast been favorable unto thy land.


Ps. lxxxv. 1.

2. Conducive; contributing; tending to promote or facilitate;
advantageous; convenient.

    A place very favorable for the making levies of men.


Clarendon.

    The temper of the climate, favorable to generation, health, and
    long life.


Sir W. Temple.

3. Beautiful; well-favored. [Obs.] Spenser.

-- Fa"vora*ble*ness, n. -- Fa"vor*a*bly, sdv.

    The faborableness of the present times to all extertions in the
    cause of liberty.


Burke.

Fa"vored (?), a. 1. Countenanced; aided; regarded with kidness; as, a
favored friend.

2. Having a certain favor or appearance; featured; as, well-favored;
hard-favored, etc.

Fa"vored*ly (?), adv. In a favored or a favorable manner; favorably.
[Obs.] Deut. xvii. 1. Arscham.

Fa"vored*ness, n. Appearance. [Obs.]

Fa"vor*er (?), n. One who favors; one who regards with kindness or
friendship; a well-wisher; one who assists or promotes success or
prosperity. [Written also favourer.]

    And come to us as favorers, not as foes.


Shak.

Fa"vor*ess (?), n. A woman who favors or gives countenance. [Written
also fovouress.]

Fa"vor*ing, a. That favors. -- Fa"vor*ing*ly, adv.

Fa"vor*ite (?), n. [OF. favorit favored, F. favori, fem. favorite, p.
p. of OF. favorir, cf. It. favorito, frm. favorita, fr. favorire to
favor. See Favor.] 1. A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor;
one treated with partiality; one preferred above others; especially,
one unduly loved, trusted, and enriched with favors by a person of high
rank or authority.

    Committing to a wicked favorite All public cares.


Milton.

2. pl. Short curls dangling over the temples; -- fashionable in the
reign of Charles II. [Obs.] Farquhar.

3. (Sporting) The competitor (as a horse in a race) that is judged most
likely to win; the competitor standing highest in the betting.

Fa"vor*ite, a. Regarded with particular affection, esteem, or
preference; as, a favorite walk; a favorite child. "His favorite
argument." Macaulay.

Fa"vor*it*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. favoritisme.] The disposition to favor
and promote the interest of one person or family, or of one class of
men, to the neglect of others having equal claims; partiality.

    A spirit of favoritism to the Bank of the United States.


A. Hamilton.

Fa"vor*less, a. 1. Unfavored; not regarded with favor; having no
countenance or support.

2. Unpropitious; unfavorable. [Obs.] "Fortune favorless." Spenser.

Fa*vose" (?), a. [L. favus honeycomb.] 1. (Bot.) Honeycombed. See
Faveolate.

2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the disease called favus.

Fav"o*site (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to the genus Favosites.

||Fav`o*si"tes (?), n. [NL. See Favose.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil
||corals abundant in the Silurian and Devonian rocks, having polygonal
||cells with perforated walls.

||Fa"vus (?), n. [L., honeycomb.] 1. (Med.) A disease of the scalp,
||produced by a vegetable parasite.

2. A tile or flagstone cut into an hexagonal shape to produce a
honeycomb pattern, as in a pavement; -- called also favas and sectila.
Mollett.

Fawe (?), a. [See Fain.] Fain; glad; delighted. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fawk"ner (?), n. [See Falconer.] A falconer. [Obs.] Donne.

Fawn (?), n. [OF. faon the young one of any beast, a fawn, F. faon a
fawn, for fedon, fr. L. fetus. See Fetus.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A young deer; a
buck or doe of the first year. See Buck.

2. The young of an animal; a whelp. [Obs.]

    [The tigress] . . . followeth . . . after her fawns.


Holland.

3. A fawn color.

Fawn, a. Of the color of a fawn; fawn-colored.

Fawn, v. i. [Cf. F. faonner.] To bring forth a fawn.

Fawn, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fawning.] [OE.
fawnen, fainen, fagnien, to rejoice, welcome, flatter, AS. fÊgnian to
rejoice; akin to Icel. fagna to rejoice, welcome. See Fain.] To court
favor by low cringing, frisking, etc., as a dog; to flatter meanly; --
often followed by on or upon.

    You showed your teeth like apes, and fawned like hounds.


Shak.

    Thou with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obeyest.


Milton.

    Courtiers who fawn on a master while they betray him.


Macaulay.

Fawn, n. A servile cringe or bow; mean flattery; sycophancy. Shak.

Fawn"-col`ored (?), a. Of the color of a fawn; light yellowish brown.

Fawn"er (?), n. One who fawns; a sycophant.

Fawn"ing*ly, adv. In a fawning manner.

Faxed (?), a. [AS. feaxede haired, fr. feax hair. Cf. Paxwax.] Hairy.
[Obs.] amden.

Fay (?), n. [F. fÈe. See Fate, and cf. Fairy.] A fairy; an elf.
"Yellow-skirted fays." Milton.

Fay, n. [OF. fei, F. foi. See Faith.] Faith; as, by my fay. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Fay (f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. fayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Faying.] [OE.
feien, v.t. & i., AS. fgan to join, unite; akin to OS. fgian, D.
voegen, OHG. fuogen, G. f¸gen, Sw. foga. See Fair, and cf. Fadge.]
(Shipbuilding) To fit; to join; to unite closely, as two pieces of
wood, so as to make the surface fit together.

Fay, v. i. (Shipbuilding) To lie close together; to fit; to fadge; --
often with in, into, with, or together.

Faying surface, that surface of an object which comes with another
object to which it is fastened; -- said of plates, angle irons, etc.,
that are riveted together in shipwork.

Fay"al*ite (?), n. [So called from the island Fayal.] (Min.) A black,
greenish, or brownish mineral of the chrysolite group. It is a silicate
of iron.

||Fa`y*ence" (?), n. See Fa&?;ence.

Fay"tour (?), n. See Faitour. [Obs.] Spenser.

Faze (?), v. t. See Feeze.

Faz"zo*let` (?), n. [It. fazzoletto.] A handkerchief. [R.] percival.

Fea"ber*ry (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. feabe, theabe, thape.] (Bot.) A
gooseberry. [Prov. Eng.] Prior.

Feague (?), v. t. [Cf. G. fegen to sweep, Icel. fÊgia to cleanse,
polish, E. fair, fay, to fit, fey to cleanse.] To beat or whip; to
drive. [Obs.] Otway.

Fe"al (?), a. [OF. feal, feel, feeil, fedeil, F. fidËle, L. fidelis
faithful, fr. fides faith. See Faith.] Faithful; loyal. [Obs.] Wright.

Fe"al*ty (?), n. [OE. faute, OF. fautÈ, fealtÈ, feelÈ, feelteit, fr. L.
fidelitas, fr. fidelis faithful. See Feal, and cf. Fidelity.] 1.
Fidelity to one's lord; the feudal obligation by which the tenant or
vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord; the special oath by which
this obligation was assumed; fidelity to a superior power, or to a
government; loyality. It is no longer the practice to exact the
performance of fealty, as a feudal obligation. Wharton (Law Dict. ).
Tomlins.

2. Fidelity; constancy; faithfulness, as of a friend to a friend, or of
a wife to her husband.

    He should maintain fealty to God.


I. Taylor.

    Makes wicked lightnings of her eyes, and saps The fealty of our
    friends.


tennyson.

    Swore fealty to the new government.


Macaulay.

Fealty is distinguished from homage, which is an acknowledgment of
tenure, while fealty implies an oath. See Homage. Wharton.

Syn. -- Homage; loyality; fidelity; constancy.

Fear (?), n. A variant of Fere, a mate, a companion. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fear, n. [OE. fer, feer, fere, AS. f&?;r a coming suddenly upon, fear,
danger; akin to D. vaar, OHG. fra danger, G. gefahr, Icel. fr harm,
mischief, plague, and to E. fare, peril. See Fare.] 1. A painful
emotion or passion excited by the expectation of evil, or the
apprehension of impending danger; apprehension; anxiety; solicitude;
alarm; dread.

The degrees of this passion, beginning with the most moderate, may be
thus expressed, -- apprehension, fear, dread, fright, terror.

    Fear is an uneasiness of the mind, upon the thought of future evil
    likely to befall us.


Locke.

    Where no hope is left, is left no fear.


Milton.

2. (Script.) (a) Apprehension of incurring, or solicitude to avoid,
God's wrath; the trembling and awful reverence felt toward the Supreme
Belng. (b) Respectful reverence for men of authority or worth.

    I will put my fear in their hearts.


Jer. xxxii. 40.

    I will teach you the fear of the Lord.


Ps. xxxiv. 11.

    render therefore to all their dues; tribute to whom tribute is due
    . . . fear to whom fear.


Rom. xiii. 7.

3. That which causes, or which is the object of, apprehension or alarm;
source or occasion of terror; danger; dreadfulness.

    There were they in great fear, where no fear was.


Ps. liii. 5.

    The fear of your adventure would counsel you to a more equal
    enterprise.


Shak.

For fear, in apprehension lest. "For fear you ne'er see chain nor money
more." Shak.

Fear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fearing.] [OE.
feren, faeren, to frighten, to be afraid, AS. f&?;ran to terrify. See
Fear, n.] 1. To feel a painful apprehension of; to be afraid of; to
consider or expect with emotion of alarm or solicitude.

    I will fear no evil, for thou art with me.


Ps. xxiii. 4.

With subordinate clause.

    I greatly fear my money is not safe.


Shak.

    I almost fear to quit your hand.


D. Jerrold.

2. To have a reverential awe of; to solicitous to avoid the displeasure
of.

    Leave them to God above; him serve and fear.


Milton.

3. To be anxious or solicitous for. [R.]

    The sins of the father are to be laid upon the children, therefore
    . . . I fear you.


Shak.

4. To suspect; to doubt. [Obs.]

    Ay what else, fear you not her courage?


Shak.

5. To affright; to terrify; to drive away or prevent approach of by
fear. [Obs.]

    fear their people from doing evil.


Robynsin (More's utopia).

    Tush, tush! fear boys with bugs.


Shak.

Syn. -- To apprehend; dread; reverence; venerate.

Fear, v. i. To be in apprehension of evil; to be afraid; to feel
anxiety on account of some expected evil.

    I exceedingly fear and quake.


Heb. xii. 21.

Fear"er (?), n. One who fars. Sir P. Sidney.

Fear"ful (?), a. 1. Full of fear, apprehension, or alarm; afraid;
frightened.

    Anxious amidst all their success, and fearful amidat all their
    power.


Bp. Warburton.

2. inclined to fear; easily frightened; without courage; timid.

    What man is there that is fearful and faint- hearted?


Deut. xx. 8.

3. Indicating, or caused by, fear.

    Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh.


Shak.

4. Inspiring fear or awe; exciting apprehension or terror; terrible;
frightful; dreadful.

    This glorious and fearful name, The Lord thy God.


Deut. xxviii. 58.

    Death is a fearful thing.


Shak.

    In dreams they fearful precipices tread.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Apprehensive; afraid; timid; timorous; horrible; distressing;
shocking; frightful; dreadful; awful.

Fear"ful*ly, adv. In a fearful manner.

Fear"ful*ness, n. The state of being fearful.

Fear"less, a. Free from fear.

Syn. -- Bold; courageous; intrepid; valorous; valiant; brave;
undaunted; dauntless; heroic.

-- Fear"less*ly, adv. -- Fear"less*ness, n.

Fear"naught` (?), n. 1. A fearless person.

2. A stout woolen cloth of great thickness; dreadnaught; also, a warm
garment.

Fear"some (?) a. 1. Frightful; causing fear. [Scotch] "This fearsome
wind." Sir W. Scott

2. Easily frightened; timid; timorous. "A silly fearsome thing." B.
Taylor

<! p. 548 !>

Fea"si*bil*ity (?) n.; pl. Feasibilities (-tiz). [from Feasible] The
quality of being feasible; practicability; also, that which is
feasible; as, before we adopt a plan, let us consider its feasibility.

    Men often swallow falsities for truths, dubiosities for
    certainties, possibilities for feasibilities.


Sir T. Browne.

Fea"si*ble (?) a. [F. faisable, fr. faire to make or do, fr. L. facere.
See Fact, Feat.] 1. Capable of being done, executed, or effected;
practicable.

    Always existing before their eyes as a thing feasible in practice.


Burke.

    It was not feasible to gratify so many ambitions.


Beaconsfield.

2. Fit to be used or tailed, as land. [R.] R. Trumbull.

Fea"si*ble*ness, n. -- Fea"si*bly, adv.

Feast (fst), n. [OE. feste festival, holiday, feast, OF. feste
festival, F. fÍte, fr. L. festum, pl. festa, fr. festus joyful, festal;
of uncertain origin. Cf. Fair, n., Festal, FÍte.] 1. A festival; a
holiday; a solemn, or more commonly, a joyous, anniversary.

    The seventh day shall be a feast to the Lord.


Ex. xiii. 6.

    Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the
    passover.


Luke ii. 41.

Ecclesiastical feasts are called immovable when they always occur on
the same day of the year; otherwise they are called movable.

2. A festive or joyous meal; a grand, ceremonious, or sumptuous
entertainment, of which many guests partake; a banquet characterized by
tempting variety and abundance of food.

    Enough is as good as a feast.


Old Proverb.

    Belshazzar the King made a great feast to a thousand of his lords.


Dan. v. 1.

3. That which is partaken of, or shared in, with delight; something
highly agreeable; entertainment.

    The feast of reason, and the flow of soul.


Pope.

Feast day, a holiday; a day set as a solemn commemorative festival.

Syn. -- Entertainment; regale; banquet; treat; carousal; festivity;
festival. -- Feast, Banquet, Festival, Carousal. A feast sets before us
viands superior in quantity, variety, and abundance; a banquet is a
luxurious feast; a festival is the joyful celebration by good cheer of
some agreeable event. Carousal is unrestrained indulgence in frolic and
drink.

Feast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Feasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Feasting.] [OE.
festen, cf. OF. fester to rest from work, F. fÍter to celebrate a
holiday. See Feast, n.] 1. To eat sumptuously; to dine or sup on rich
provisions, particularly in large companies, and on public festivals.

    And his sons went and feasted in their houses.


Job. i. 4.

2. To be highly gratified or delighted.

    With my love's picture then my eye doth feast.


Shak.

Feast, v. t. 1. To entertain with sumptuous provisions; to treat at the
table bountifully; as, he was feasted by the king. Hayward.

2. To delight; to gratify; as, to feast the soul.

    Feast your ears with the music a while.


Shak.

Feast"er (?), n. 1. One who fares deliciously.

2. One who entertains magnificently. Johnson.

Feast"ful (?), a. Festive; festal; joyful; sumptuous; luxurious.
"Feastful days." Milton.

-- Feast"ful*ly, adv.

Feat (?), n. [OE. fet, OF. fet, fait, F. fait, factum, fr. L. facere,
factum, to make or do. Cf. Fact, Feasible, Do.] 1. An act; a deed; an
exploit.

    The warlike feats I have done.


Shak.

2. A striking act of strength, skill, or cunning; a trick; as, feats of
horsemanship, or of dexterity.

Feat, v. t. To form; to fashion. [Obs.]

    To the more mature, A glass that feated them.


Shak.

Feat, a. [Compar. Feater (?); superl. Featest.] [F. fait made, shaped,
fit, p. p. of faire to make or do. See Feat, n.] Dexterous in movements
or service; skillful; neat; nice; pretty. [Archaic]

    Never master had a page . . . so feat.


Shak.

    And look how well my garments sit upon me -- Much feater than
    before.


Shak.

Feat"-bod`ied (?), a. Having a feat or trim body. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Feat"e*ous (?), a. [Cf. OF. faitis, faitice, fetis, well made, fine, L.
facticius made by art.] Dexterous; neat. [Obs.] Johnson.

-- Feat"e*ous*ly, adv.

Feath"er (f"r), n. [OE. fether, AS. feer; akin to D. veder, OHG.
fedara, G. feder, Icel. fjˆr, Sw. fj‰der, Dan. fjÊder, Gr. ptero`n
wing, feather, pe`tesqai to fly, Skr. pattra wing, feather, pat to fly,
and prob. to L. penna feather, wing. &radic;76, 248. Cf. Pen a
feather.] 1. One of the peculiar dermal appendages, of several kinds,
belonging to birds, as contour feathers, quills, and down.

An ordinary feather consists of the quill or hollow basal part of the
stem; the shaft or rachis, forming the upper, solid part of the stem;
the vanes or webs, implanted on the rachis and consisting of a series
of slender laminÊ or barbs, which usually bear barbules, which in turn
usually bear barbicels and interlocking hooks by which they are
fastened together. See Down, Quill, Plumage.

2. Kind; nature; species; -- from the proverbial phrase, "Birds of a
feather," that is, of the same species. [R.]

    I am not of that feather to shake off My friend when he must need
    me.


Shak.

3. The fringe of long hair on the legs of the setter and some other
dogs.

4. A tuft of peculiar, long, frizzly hair on a horse.

5. One of the fins or wings on the shaft of an arrow.

6. (Mach. & Carp.) A longitudinal strip projecting as a fin from an
object, to strengthen it, or to enter a channel in another object and
thereby prevent displacement sidwise but permit motion lengthwise; a
spline.

7. A thin wedge driven between the two semicylindrical parts of a
divided plug in a hole bored in a stone, to rend the stone. Knight.

8. The angular adjustment of an oar or paddle-wheel float, with
reference to a horizontal axis, as it leaves or enters the water.

Feather is used adjectively or in combination, meaning composed of, or
resembling, a feather or feathers; as, feather fan, feather-heeled,
feather duster.

Feather alum (Min.), a hydrous sulphate of alumina, resulting from
volcanic action, and from the decomposition of iron pyrites; -- called
also halotrichite. Ure. -- Feather bed, a bed filled with feathers. --
Feather driver, one who prepares feathers by beating. -- Feather
duster, a dusting brush of feathers. -- Feather flower, an artifical
flower made of feathers, for ladies' headdresses, and other ornamental
purposes. -- Feather grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Stipa pennata)
which has a long feathery awn rising from one of the chaffy scales
which inclose the grain. -- Feather maker, one who makes plumes, etc.,
of feathers, real or artificial. -- Feather ore (Min.), a sulphide of
antimony and lead, sometimes found in capillary forms and like a
cobweb, but also massive. It is a variety of Jamesonite. -- Feather
shot, or Feathered shot (Metal.), copper granulated by pouring into
cold water. Raymond. -- Feather spray (Naut.), the spray thrown up,
like pairs of feathers, by the cutwater of a fast-moving vessel. --
Feather star. (Zoˆl.) See Comatula. -- Feather weight. (Racing) (a)
Scrupulously exact weight, so that a feather would turn the scale, when
a jockey is weighed or weighted. (b) The lightest weight that can be
put on the back of a horse in racing. Youatt. (c) In wrestling, boxing,
etc., a term applied to the lightest of the classes into which
contestants are divided; -- in contradistinction to light weight,
middle weight, and heavy weight. -- A feather in the cap an honour,
trophy, or mark of distinction. [Colloq.] -- To be in full feather, to
be in full dress or in one's best clothes. [Collog.] -- To be in high
feather, to be in high spirits. [Collog.] -- To cut a feather. (a)
(Naut.) To make the water foam in moving; in allusion to the ripple
which a ship throws off from her bows. (b) To make one's self
conspicuous. [Colloq.] -- To show the white feather, to betray
cowardice, -- a white feather in the tail of a cock being considered an
indication that he is not of the true game breed.

Feath"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feathered (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Feathering.] 1. To furnish with a feather or feathers, as an arrow or a
cap.

    An eagle had the ill hap to be struck with an arrow feathered from
    her own wing.


L'Estrange.

2. To adorn, as with feathers; to fringe.

    A few birches and oaks still feathered the narrow ravines.


Sir W. Scott.

3. To render light as a feather; to give wings to.[R.]

    The Polonian story perhaps may feather some tedious hours.


Loveday.

4. To enrich; to exalt; to benefit.

    They stuck not to say that the king cared not to plume his nobility
    and people to feather himself.


Bacon. Dryden.

5. To tread, as a cock. Dryden.

To feather one's nest, to provide for one's self especially from
property belonging to another, confided to one's care; -- an expression
taken from the practice of birds which collect feathers for the lining
of their nests. -- To feather an oar (Naut), to turn it when it leaves
the water so that the blade will be horizontal and offer the least
resistance to air while reaching for another stroke. -- To tar and
feather a person, to smear him with tar and cover him with feathers, as
a punishment or an indignity.

Feath"er, v. i. 1. To grow or form feathers; to become feathered; --
often with out; as, the birds are feathering out.

2. To curdle when poured into another liquid, and float about in little
flakes or "feathers;" as, the cream feathers. [Colloq.]

3. To turn to a horizontal plane; -- said of oars.

    The feathering oar returns the gleam.


Tickell.

    Stopping his sculls in the air to feather accurately.


Macmillan's Mag.

4. To have the appearance of a feather or of feathers; to be or to
appear in feathery form.

    A clump of ancient cedars feathering in evergreen beauty down to
    the ground.


Warren.

    The ripple feathering from her bows.


Tennyson.

Feath"er-brained` (?), a. Giddy; frivolous; feather-headed. [Colloq.]

Feath"ered (?), a. 1. Clothed, covered, or fitted with (or as with)
feathers or wings; as, a feathered animal; a feathered arrow.

    Rise from the ground like feathered Mercury.


Shak.

    Nonsense feathered with soft and delicate phrases and pointed with
    pathetic accent.


Dr. J. Scott.

2. Furnished with anything featherlike; ornamented; fringed; as, land
feathered with trees.

3. (Zoˆl.) Having a fringe of feathers, as the legs of certian birds;
or of hairs, as the legs of a setter dog.

4. (Her.) Having feathers; -- said of an arrow, when the feathers are
of a tincture different from that of the shaft.

Feath"er-edge` (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) The thin, new growth around the edge
of a shell, of an oyster.

2. Any thin, as on a board or a razor.

Feath"er-edged` (?), a. Having a feather-edge; also, having one edge
thinner than the other, as a board; -- in the United States, said only
of stuff one edge of which is made as thin as practicable.

Feath"er-few (?), n. (Bot.) Feverfew.

Feath"er-foil` (?), n. [Feather + foil a leaf.] (Bot.) An aquatic plant
(Hottonia palustris), having finely divided leaves.

Feath"er-head` (?), n. A frivolous or featherbrained person. [Colloq.]
H. James.

Feath"er-head`ed (?), a. Giddy; frivolous; foolish. [Colloq.] G. Eliot.

Feath"er-heeled` (?), a. Light- heeled; gay; frisky; frolicsome.
[Colloq.]

Feath"er*i*ness (?), n. The state or condition of being feathery.

Feath"er*ing, n. 1. (Arch.) Same as Foliation.

2. The act of turning the blade of the oar, as it rises from the water
in rowing, from a vertical to a horizontal position. See To feather an
oar, under Feather, v. t.

3. A covering of feathers.

Feathering float (Naut.), the float or paddle of a feathering wheel. --
Feathering screw (Naut.), a screw propeller, of which the blades may be
turned so as to move edgewise through the water when the vessel is
moving under sail alone. -- Feathering wheel (Naut.), a paddle wheel
whose floats turn automatically so as to dip about perpendicularly into
the water and leave in it the same way, avoiding beating on the water
in the descent and lifting water in the ascent.

Feath"er*less, a. Destitute of feathers.

Feath"er*ly, a. Like feathers. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Feath"er-pat"ed (?), a. Feather- headed; frivolous. [Colloq.] Sir W.
Scott.

Feath"er-veined` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the veins (of a leaf) diverging
from the two sides of a midrib.

Feath"er*y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, feathers; covered
with, or as with, feathers; as, feathery spray or snow. Milton.

    Ye feathery people of mid air.


Barry Cornwall.

Feat"ly (?), adv. [From Feat, a.] Neatly; dexterously; nimbly.
[Archaic]

    Foot featly here and there.


Shak.

Feat"ness, n. Skill; adroitness. [Archaic] Johnson.

Fea"ture (?; 135), n. [OE. feture form, shape, feature, OF. faiture
fashion, make, fr. L. factura a making, formation, fr. facere, factum,
to make. See Feat, Fact, and cf. Facture.] 1. The make, form, or
outward appearance of a person; the whole turn or style of the body;
esp., good appearance.

    What needeth it his feature to descrive?


Chaucer.

    Cheated of feature by dissembling nature.


Shak.

2. The make, cast, or appearance of the human face, and especially of
any single part of the face; a lineament. (pl.) The face, the
countenance.

    It is for homely features to keep home.


Milton.

3. The cast or structure of anything, or of any part of a thing, as of
a landscape, a picture, a treaty, or an essay; any marked peculiarity
or characteristic; as, one of the features of the landscape.

    And to her service bind each living creature Through secret
    understanding of their feature.


Spenser.

4. A form; a shape. [R.]

    So scented the grim feature, and upturned His nostril wide into the
    murky air.


Milton.

Fea"tured (?; 135), a. 1. Shaped; fashioned.

    How noble, young, how rarely featured!


Shak.

2. Having features; formed into features.

    The well-stained canvas or the featured stone.


Young.

Fea"ture*less (?; 135), a. Having no distinct or distinctive features.

Fea"ture*ly, a. Having features; showing marked peculiarities;
handsome. [R.]

    Featurely warriors of Christian chivalry.


Coleridge.

Feaze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Feazing.]
[Cf. OE. faseln to ravel, fr. AS. fÊs fringe; akin to G. fasen to
separate fibers or threads, fasen, faser, thread, filament, OHG. faso.]
To untwist; to unravel, as the end of a rope. Johnson.

Feaze, v. t. [See Feese.] To beat; to chastise; also, to humble; to
harass; to worry. [Obs.] insworth.

Feaze, n. A state of anxious or fretful excitement; worry; vexation.
[Obs.]

Feaz"ings (?), n. pl. [See Feaze, v. t.] (Naut.) The unlaid or ragged
end of a rope. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Fe*bric"i*tate (?), v. i. [L. febricitare, fr. febris. See Febrile.] To
have a fever. [Obs.] Bailey.

Fe*bric"u*lose` (?), a. [L. febriculosus.] Somewhat feverish. [Obs.]
Johnson.

Feb`ri*fa"cient (?), a. [L. febris fever + faciens, p. pr. of facere to
make.] Febrific. Dunglison.

-- n. That which causes fever. Beddoes.

Fe*brif"er*ous (?), a. [L. febris fever + -ferous.] Causing fever; as,
a febriferous locality.

Fe*brif"ic (?), a. [L. febris fever + ficare (in comp.) to make. See
fy-.] Producing fever. Dunglison.

Fe*brif"u*gal (? or ?), a. [See Febrifuge.] Having the quality of
mitigating or curing fever. Boyle.

Feb"ri*fuge (?), n. [L. febris fever + fugare to put to flight, from
fugere to flee: cf. F. fÈbrifuge. see Febrile, Feverfew.] (Med.) A
medicine serving to mitigate or remove fever. -- a. Antifebrile.

Fe"brile (?; 277), a. [F. fÈbrile, from L. febris fever. See Fever.]
Pertaining to fever; indicating fever, or derived from it; as, febrile
symptoms; febrile action. Dunglison.

Feb"ru*a*ry (?), n. [L. Februarius, orig., the month of expiation,
because on the fifteenth of this month the great feast of expiation and
purification was held, fr. februa, pl., the Roman festival or
purification; akin to februare to purify, expiate.] The second month in
the year, said to have been introduced into the Roman calendar by Numa.
In common years this month contains twenty-eight days; in the
bissextile, or leap year, it has twenty-nine days.

Feb`ru*a"tion (?), n. [L. februatio. See february.] Purification; a
sacrifice. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fe"cal (f"kal), a. [Cf. F. fÈcal. See Feces.] relating to, or
containing, dregs, feces, or ordure; fÊcal.

Fec"che (?), v. t. To fetch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fe"ces (?), n. pl. dregs; sediment; excrement. See F∆ces.

<! p. 549 !>

Fe"cial (?), a. [L. fetialis belonging to the fetiales, the Roman
priests who sanctioned treaties and demanded satisfaction from the
enemy before a formal declaration of war.] Pertaining to heralds,
declarations of war, and treaties of peace; as, fecial law. Kent.

Fe"ci*fork` (?), n. [Feces + fork.] (Zoˆl.) The anal fork on which the
larvÊ of certain insects carry their fÊces.

Feck"less (?), a. [Perh. a corruption of effectless.] Spiritless; weak;
worthless. [Scot]

feck"less*ness n. absence of merit. [WordNet 1.5]

Fecks (?), n. A corruption of the word faith. Shak.

Fec"u*la (?), n.; pl. Fecul∆ [L. faecula burnt tartar or salt of
tartar, dim. of faex, faecis, sediment, dregs: cf. F. fÈcule.] Any
pulverulent matter obtained from plants by simply breaking down the
texture, washing with water, and subsidence. Especially: (a) The
nutritious part of wheat; starch or farina; -- called also amylaceous
fecula. (b) The green matter of plants; chlorophyll.

Fec"u*lence (?), n. [L. faeculentia dregs, filth: cf. F. fÈculence.] 1.
The state or quality of being feculent; muddiness; foulness.

2. That which is feculent; sediment; lees; dregs.

Fec"u*len*cy (?), n. Feculence.

Fec"u*lent (?), a. [L. faeculentus, fr. faecula: cf. F. fÈculent. See
Fecula.] Foul with extraneous or impure substances; abounding with
sediment or excrementitious matter; muddy; thick; turbid.

    Both his hands most filthy feculent.


Spenser.

Fec"und (?), a. [L. fecundus, from the root of fetus: cf. F. fÈcond.
see Fetus.] Fruitful in children; prolific. Graunt.

Fec"un*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fecundated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fecundating (?).] [L. fecundare, fr. fecundus. See Fecund.] 1. To make
fruitful or prolific. W. Montagu.

2. (Biol.) To render fruitful or prolific; to impregnate; as, in
flowers the pollen fecundates the ovum through the stigma.

Fec`un*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fÈcondation.] (Biol.) The act by which,
either in animals or plants, material prepared by the generative organs
the female organism is brought in contact with matter from the organs
of the male, so that a new organism results; impregnation;
fertilization.

Fe*cun"di*fy (?), v. t. [Fecund + -fy.] To make fruitful; to fecundate.
Johnson.

Fe*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. fecunditas: cf. F. fÈconditÈ. See Fecund.] 1.
The quality or power of producing fruit; fruitfulness; especially
(Biol.), the quality in female organisms of reproducing rapidly and in
great numbers.

2. The power of germinating; as in seeds.

3. The power of bringing forth in abundance; fertility; richness of
invention; as, the fecundity of God's creative power. Bentley.

Fed (?), imp. & p. p. of Feed.

Fed"a*ry (?), n. A feodary. [Obs.] Shak.

Fed"er*al (?), a. [L. foedus league, treaty, compact; akin to fides
faith: cf. F. fÈdÈral. see Faith.] 1. Pertaining to a league or treaty;
derived from an agreement or covenant between parties, especially
between nations; constituted by a compact between parties, usually
governments or their representatives.

    The Romans compelled them, contrary to all federal right, . . . to
    part with Sardinia.


Grew.

2. Specifically: (a) Composed of states or districts which retain only
a subordinate and limited sovereignty, as the Union of the United
States, or the Sonderbund of Switzerland. (b) Consisting or pertaining
to such a government; as, the Federal Constitution; a Federal officer.
(c) Friendly or devoted to such a government; as, the Federal party.
see Federalist.

Federal Congress. See under Congress.

Fed"er*al, n. See Federalist.

Fed"er*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. fÈdÈralisme.] The principles of
Federalists or of federal union.

Fed"er*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. fÈdÈraliste.] An advocate of confederation;
specifically (Amer. Hist.), a friend of the Constitution of the United
States at its formation and adoption; a member of the political party
which favored the administration of president Washington.

Fed"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Federalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Federalizing (?).] [Cf. F. fÈdÈraliser.] To unite in compact, as
different States; to confederate for political purposes; to unite by or
under the Federal Constitution. Barlow.

Fed"er*a*ry (?), n. [See Federal.] A partner; a confederate; an
accomplice. [Obs.] hak.

Fed"er*ate (?), a. [L. foederatus, p. p. of foederare to establish by
treaty or league, fr. foedus. See Federal.] United by compact, as
sovereignties, states, or nations; joined in confederacy; leagued;
confederate; as, federate nations.

Fed`er*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fÈdÈration.] 1. The act of uniting in a
league; confederation.

2. A league; a confederacy; a federal or confederated government.
Burke.

Fed"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. fÈdÈratif.] Uniting in a league; forming
a confederacy; federal. "A federative society." Burke.

Fed"i*ty (?), n. [L. foeditas, fr. foedus foul, filthy.] Turpitude;
vileness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Fee (f), n. [OE. fe, feh, feoh, cattle, property, money, fief, AS. feoh
cattle, property, money; the senses of "property, money," arising from
cattle being used in early times as a medium of exchange or payment,
property chiefly consisting of cattle; akin to OS. fehu cattle,
property, D. vee cattle, OHG. fihu, fehu, G. vieh, Icel. f cattle,
property, money, Goth. faÌhu, L. pecus cattle, pecunia property, money,
Skr. paÁu cattle, perh. orig., "a fastened or tethered animal," from a
root signifying to bind, and perh. akin to E. fang, fair, a.; cf. OF.
fie, flu, feu, fleu, fief, F. fief, from German, of the same origin.
the sense fief is due to the French. &radic;249. Cf. Feud, Fief,
Fellow, Pecuniary.] 1. property; possession; tenure. "Laden with rich
fee." Spenser.

    Once did she hold the gorgeous East in fee.


Wordsworth.

2. Reward or compensation for services rendered or to be rendered;
especially, payment for professional services, of optional amount, or
fixed by custom or laws; charge; pay; perquisite; as, the fees of
lawyers and physicians; the fees of office; clerk's fees; sheriff's
fees; marriage fees, etc.

    To plead for love deserves more fee than hate.


Shak.

3. (Feud. Law) A right to the use of a superior's land, as a stipend
for services to be performed; also, the land so held; a fief.

4. (Eng. Law) An estate of inheritance supposed to be held either
mediately or immediately from the sovereign, and absolutely vested in
the owner.

All the land in England, except the crown land, is of this kind. An
absolute fee, or fee simple, is land which a man holds to himself and
his heirs forever, who are called tenants in fee simple. In modern
writers, by fee is usually meant fee simple. A limited fee may be a
qualified or base fee, which ceases with the existence of certain
conditions; or a conditional fee, or fee tail, which is limited to
particular heirs. Blackstone.

5. (Amer. Law) An estate of inheritance belonging to the owner, and
transmissible to his heirs, absolutely and simply, without condition
attached to the tenure.

Fee estate (Eng. Law), land or tenements held in fee in consideration
or some acknowledgment or service rendered to the lord. -- Fee farm
(Law), land held of another in fee, in consideration of an annual rent,
without homage, fealty, or any other service than that mentioned in the
feoffment; an estate in fee simple, subject to a perpetual rent.
Blackstone. -- Fee farm rent (Eng. Law), a perpetual rent reserved upon
a conveyance in fee simple. -- Fee fund (Scot. Law), certain court dues
out of which the clerks and other court officers are paid. -- Fee
simple (Law), an absolute fee; a fee without conditions or limits.

    Buy the fee simple of my life for an hour and a quarter.


Shak.

-- Fee tail (Law), an estate of inheritance, limited and restrained to
some particular heirs. Burill.

Fee (f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feed (fd); p. pr. & vb. n. Feeing.] To
reward for services performed, or to be performed; to recompense; to
hire or keep in hire; hence, to bribe.

    The patient . . . fees the doctor.


Dryden.

    There's not a one of them but in his house I keep a servant feed.


Shak.

Fee"ble (f"b'l), a. [Compar. Feebler (-blr); superl. Feeblest (-blst).]
[OE. feble, OF. feble, flebe, floibe, floible, foible, F. faible, L.
flebilis to be wept over, lamentable, wretched, fr. flere to weep. Cf.
Foible.] 1. Deficient in physical strength; weak; infirm; debilitated.

    Carried all the feeble of them upon asses.


2 Chron. xxviii. 15.

2. Wanting force, vigor, or efficiency in action or expression; not
full, loud, bright, strong, rapid, etc.; faint; as, a feeble color;
feeble motion. "A lady's feeble voice." Shak.

Fee"ble, v. t. To make feble; to enfeeble. [Obs.]

    Shall that victorious hand be feebled here?


Shak.

Fee"ble-mind"ed (?), a. Weak in intellectual power; wanting firmness or
constancy; irresolute; vacillating; imbecile. "comfort the
feeble-minded." 1 Thess. v. 14.

-- Fee"ble-mind"ed*ness, n.

Fee"ble*ness, n. The quality or condition of being feeble; debility;
infirmity.

    That shakes for age and feebleness.


Shak.

Fee"bly (?), adv. In a feeble manner.

    The restored church . . . contended feebly, and with half a heart.


Macaulay.

Feed (fd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fed (fd); p. pr. & vb. n. Feeding.] [AS.
fdan, fr. fda food; akin to OS. fdian, OFries. fda, fda, D. voeden,
OHG. fuottan, Icel. fÊa, Sw. fˆda, Dan. fˆde. &radic;75. See Food.] 1.
To give food to; to supply with nourishment; to satisfy the physical
huger of.

    If thine enemy hunger, feed him.


Rom. xii. 20.

    Unreasonable creatures feed their young.


Shak.

2. To satisfy; gratify or minister to, as any sense, talent, taste, or
desire.

    I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him.


Shak.

    Feeding him with the hope of liberty.


Knolles.

3. To fill the wants of; to supply with that which is used or wasted;
as, springs feed ponds; the hopper feeds the mill; to feed a furnace
with coal.

4. To nourish, in a general sense; to foster, strengthen, develop, and
guard.

    Thou shalt feed my people Israel.


2 Sam. v. 2.

    Mightiest powers by deepest calms are fed.


B. Cornwall.

5. To graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding, as herbage by cattle;
as, if grain is too forward in autumn, feed it with sheep.

    Once in three years feed your mowing lands.


Mortimer.

6. To give for food, especially to animals; to furnish for consumption;
as, to feed out turnips to the cows; to feed water to a steam boiler.

7. (Mach.) (a) To supply (the material to be operated upon) to a
machine; as, to feed paper to a printing press. (b) To produce
progressive operation upon or with (as in wood and metal working
machines, so that the work moves to the cutting tool, or the tool to
the work).

Feed, v. i. 1. To take food; to eat.

    Her kid . . . which I afterwards killed because it would not feed.


De Foe.

2. To subject by eating; to satisfy the appetite; to feed one's self
(upon something); to prey; -- with on or upon.

    Leaving thy trunk for crows to feed upon.


Shak.

3. To be nourished, strengthened, or satisfied, as if by food. "He
feeds upon the cooling shade." Spenser.

4. To place cattle to feed; to pasture; to graze.

    If a man . . . shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another
    man's field.


Ex. xxii. 5.

Feed (?), n. 1. That which is eaten; esp., food for beasts; fodder;
pasture; hay; grain, ground or whole; as, the best feed for sheep.

2. A grazing or pasture ground. Shak.

3. An allowance of provender given to a horse, cow, etc.; a meal; as, a
feed of corn or oats.

4. A meal, or the act of eating. [R.]

    For such pleasure till that hour At feed or fountain never had I
    found.


Milton.

5. The water supplied to steam boilers.

6. (Mach.) (a) The motion, or act, of carrying forward the stuff to be
operated upon, as cloth to the needle in a sewing machine; or of
producing progressive operation upon any material or object in a
machine, as, in a turning lathe, by moving the cutting tool along or in
the work. (b) The supply of material to a machine, as water to a steam
boiler, coal to a furnace, or grain to a run of stones. (c) The
mechanism by which the action of feeding is produced; a feed motion.

Feed bag, a nose bag containing feed for a horse or mule. -- Feed
cloth, an apron for leading cotton, wool, or other fiber, into a
machine, as for carding, etc. -- Feed door, a door to a furnace, by
which to supply coal. -- Feed head. (a) A cistern for feeding water by
gravity to a steam boiler. (b) (Founding) An excess of metal above a
mold, which serves to render the casting more compact by its pressure;
-- also called a riser, deadhead, or simply feed or head Knight. --
Feed heater. (a) (Steam Engine) A vessel in which the feed water for
the boiler is heated, usually by exhaust steam. (b) A boiler or kettle
in which is heated food for stock. -- Feed motion, or Feed gear
(Mach.), the train of mechanism that gives motion to the part that
directly produces the feed in a machine. -- Feed pipe, a pipe for
supplying the boiler of a steam engine, etc., with water. -- Feed pump,
a force pump for supplying water to a steam boiler, etc. -- Feed
regulator, a device for graduating the operation of a feeder. Knight.
-- Feed screw, in lathes, a long screw employed to impart a regular
motion to a tool rest or tool, or to the work. -- Feed water, water
supplied to a steam boiler, etc. -- Feed wheel (Mach.), a kind of
feeder. See Feeder, n., 8.

Feed"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, gives food or supplies
nourishment; steward.

    A couple of friends, his chaplain and feeder.


Goldsmith.

2. One who furnishes incentives; an encourager. "The feeder of my
riots." Shak.

3. One who eats or feeds; specifically, an animal to be fed or
fattened.

    With eager feeding, food doth choke the feeder.


Shak.

4. One who fattens cattle for slaughter.

5. A stream that flows into another body of water; a tributary;
specifically (Hydraulic Engin.), a water course which supplies a canal
or reservoir by gravitation or natural flow.

6. A branch railroad, stage line, or the like; a side line which
increases the business of the main line.

7. (Mining) (a) A small lateral lode falling into the main lode or
mineral vein. Ure. (b) A strong discharge of gas from a fissure; a
blower. Raymond.

8. (Mach.) An auxiliary part of a machine which supplies or leads along
the material operated upon.

9. (Steam Engine) A device for supplying steam boilers with water as
needed.

Feed"ing, n. 1. the act of eating, or of supplying with food; the
process of fattening.

2. That which is eaten; food.

3. That which furnishes or affords food, especially for animals;
pasture land.

Feeding bottle. See under Bottle.

Fee`-faw`-fum" (?), n. A nonsensical exclamation attributed to giants
and ogres; hence, any expression calculated to impose upon the timid
and ignorant. "Impudent fee-faw-fums." J. H. Newman.

Fee"jee (?), a. & n. (Ethnol.) See Fijian.

Feel (fl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Felt (flt); p. pr. & vb. n. Feeling.]
[AS. flan; akin to OS. giflian to perceive, D. voelen to feel, OHG.
fuolen, G. f¸hlen, Icel. flma to grope, and prob. to AS. folm palm of
the hand, L. palma. Cf. Fumble, Palm.] 1. To perceive by the touch; to
take cognizance of by means of the nerves of sensation distributed all
over the body, especially by those of the skin; to have sensation
excited by contact of (a thing) with the body or limbs.

    Who feel Those rods of scorpions and those whips of steel.


Creecn.

2. To touch; to handle; to examine by touching; as, feel this piece of
silk; hence, to make trial of; to test; often with out.

    Come near, . . . that I may feel thee, my son.


Gen. xxvii. 21.

    He hath this to feel my affection to your honor.


Shak.

3. To perceive by the mind; to have a sense of; to experience; to be
affected by; to be sensible of, or sensitive to; as, to feel pleasure;
to feel pain.

    Teach me to feel another's woe.


Pope.

    Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil thing.


Eccl. viii. 5.

    He best can paint them who shall feel them most.


Pope.

    Mankind have felt their strength and made it felt.


Byron.

4. To take internal cognizance of; to be conscious of; to have an
inward persuasion of.

    For then, and not till then, he felt himself.


Shak.

5. To perceive; to observe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

To feel the helm (Naut.), to obey it.

<! p. 550 !>

Feel (?), v. i. 1. To have perception by the touch, or by contact of
anything with the nerves of sensation, especially those upon the
surface of the body.

2. To have the sensibilities moved or affected.

    [She] feels with the dignity of a Roman matron


. Burke.

    And mine as man, who feel for all mankind.


Pope.

3. To be conscious of an inward impression, state of mind, persuasion,
physical condition, etc.; to perceive one's self to be; -- followed by
an adjective describing the state, etc.; as, to feel assured, grieved,
persuaded.

    I then did feel full sick.


Shak.

4. To know with feeling; to be conscious; hence, to know certainly or
without misgiving.

    Garlands . . . which I feel I am not worthy yet to wear.


Shak.

5. To appear to the touch; to give a perception; to produce an
impression by the nerves of sensation; -- followed by an adjective
describing the kind of sensation.

    Blind men say black feels rough, and white feels smooth.


Dryden.

To feel after, to search for; to seek to find; to seek as a person
groping in the dark. "If haply they might feel after him, and find
him." Acts xvii. 27.

-- To feel of, to examine by touching.

Feel (?), n. 1. Feeling; perception. [R.]

    To intercept and have a more kindly feel of its genial warmth.


Hazlitt.

2. A sensation communicated by touching; impression made upon one who
touches or handles; as, this leather has a greasy feel.

    The difference between these two tumors will be distinguished by
    the feel.


S. Sharp.

Feel"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, feels.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the sense organs or certain animals (as insects),
which are used in testing objects by touch and in searching for food;
an antenna; a palp.

    Insects . . . perpetually feeling and searching before them with
    their feelers or antennÊ.


Derham.

3. Anything, as a proposal, observation, etc., put forth or thrown out
in order to ascertain the views of others; something tentative.

Feel"ing, a. 1. Possessing great sensibility; easily affected or moved;
as, a feeling heart.

2. Expressive of great sensibility; attended by, or evincing,
sensibility; as, he made a feeling representation of his wrongs.

Feel"ing, n. 1. The sense by which the mind, through certain nerves of
the body, perceives external objects, or certain states of the body
itself; that one of the five senses which resides in the general nerves
of sensation distributed over the body, especially in its surface; the
sense of touch; nervous sensibility to external objects.

    Why was the sight To such a tender ball as the eye confined, . . .
    And not, as feeling, through all parts diffused?


Milton.

2. An act or state of perception by the sense above described; an act
of apprehending any object whatever; an act or state of apprehending
the state of the soul itself; consciousness.

    The apprehension of the good Gives but the greater feeling to the
    worse.


Shak.

3. The capacity of the soul for emotional states; a high degree of
susceptibility to emotions or states of the sensibility not dependent
on the body; as, a man of feeling; a man destitute of feeling.

4. Any state or condition of emotion; the exercise of the capacity for
emotion; any mental state whatever; as, a right or a wrong feeling in
the heart; our angry or kindly feelings; a feeling of pride or of
humility.

    A fellow feeling makes one wondrous kind.


Garrick.

    Tenderness for the feelings of others.


Macaulay.

5. That quality of a work of art which embodies the mental emotion of
the artist, and is calculated to affect similarly the spectator.
Fairholt.

Syn. -- Sensation; emotion; passion; sentiment; agitation; opinion. See
Emotion, Passion, Sentiment.

Feel"ing*ly, adv. In a feeling manner; pathetically; sympathetically.

Feere (?), n. [See Fere, n.] A consort, husband or wife; a companion; a
fere. [Obs.]

Feese (?), n. [Cf. OE. fesien to put to flight, AS. fsian, fsian, fsan,
fr. fs, prompt, willing.] The short run before a leap. [Obs.] Nares.

Feet (?), n. pl. See Foot.

Feet, n. [See Feat, n.] Fact; performance. [Obs.]

Feet"less, a. Destitute of feet; as, feetless birds.

Feeze (?), v. t. [For sense 1, cf. F. visser to screw, vis screw, or
1st E. feaze, v.t.: for sense 2, see Feese.] 1. To turn, as a screw.
[Scot] Jamieson.

2. To beat; to chastise; to humble; to worry. [Obs.] [Written also
feaze, feize, pheese.] Beau. & Fl.

To feeze up, to work into a passion. [Obs.]

Feeze, n. Fretful excitement. [Obs.] See Feaze.

||Feh"ling (?), n. (Chem.) See Fehling's solution, under Solution.

Feh"mic (?), a. See Vehmic.

Feign (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feigned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Feigning.]
[OE. feinen, F. feindre (p. pr. feignant), fr. L. fingere; akin to L.
figura figure,and E. dough. See Dough, and cf. Figure, Faint, Effigy,
Fiction.] 1. To give a mental existence to, as to something not real or
actual; to imagine; to invent; hence, to pretend; to form and relate as
if true.

    There are no such things done as thou sayest, but thou feignest
    them out of thine own heart.


Neh. vi. 8.

    The poet Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods.


Shak.

2. To represent by a false appearance of; to pretend; to counterfeit;
as, to feign a sickness. Shak.

3. To dissemble; to conceal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Feigned (?), a. Not real or genuine; pretended; counterfeit; insincere;
false. "A feigned friend." Shak.

    Give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips.


Ps. xvii. 1.

-- Feign"ed*ly (#), adv. -- Feign"ed*ness, n.

    Her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her whole
    heart, but feignedly.


Jer. iii. 10.

Feigned issue (Law), an issue produced in a pretended action between
two parties for the purpose of trying before a jury a question of fact
which it becomes necessary to settle in the progress of a cause.
Burill. Bouvier.

Feign"er (?), n. One who feigns or pretends.

Feign"ing, a. That feigns; insincere; not genuine; false.

-- Feign"ing*ly, adv.

Feine (?), v. t. & i. To feign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Feint (?), a. [F. feint, p. p. of feindre to feign. See Feign.]
Feigned; counterfeit. [Obs.]

    Dressed up into any feint appearance of it.


Locke.

Feint, n. [F. feinte, fr. feint. See Feint, a.] 1. That which is
feigned; an assumed or false appearance; a pretense; a stratagem; a
fetch.

    Courtley's letter is but a feint to get off.


Spectator.

2. A mock blow or attack on one part when another part is intended to
be struck; -- said of certain movements in fencing, boxing, war, etc.

Feint, v. i. To make a feint, or mock attack.

||Fei`tsui" (?), n. (Min.) The Chinese name for a highly prized variety
||of pale green jade. See Jade.

Feize (?), v. t. See Feeze, v. t.

Fel"an*ders (?), n. pl. See Filanders.

{ Feld"spar` (?), Feld"spath` (?) }, n. [G. feldspath; feld field +
spath spar.] (Min.) A name given to a group of minerals, closely
related in crystalline form, and all silicates of alumina with either
potash, soda, lime, or, in one case, baryta. They occur in crystals and
crystalline masses, vitreous in luster, and breaking rather easily in
two directions at right angles to each other, or nearly so. The colors
are usually white or nearly white, flesh-red, bluish, or greenish.

The group includes the monoclinic (orthoclastic) species orthoclase or
common potash feldspar, and the rare hyalophane or baryta feldspar;
also the triclinic species (called in general plagioclase) microcline,
like orthoclase a potash feldspar; anorthite or lime feldspar; albite
or soda feldspar; also intermediate between the last two species,
labradorite, andesine, oligoclase, containing both lime and soda in
varying amounts. The feldspars are essential constituents of nearly all
crystalline rocks, as granite, gneiss, mica, slate, most kinds of
basalt and trachyte, etc. The decomposition of feldspar has yielded a
large part of the clay of the soil, also the mineral kaolin, an
essential material in the making of fine pottery. Common feldspar is
itself largely used for the same purpose.

{ Feld*spath"ic (?), Feld*spath"ose (?) }, a. Pertaining to, or
consisting of, feldspar.

Fele (?), a. [AS. fela, feola; akin to G. viel, gr. &?;. See Full, a.]
Many. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fe*lic"ify (?), v. t. [L. felix happy + -fy.] To make happy; to
felicitate. [Obs.] Quarles.

Fe*lic"i*tate (?), a. [L. felicitatus, p. p. of felicitare to
felicitate, fr. felix, -icis, happy. See felicity.] Made very happy.
[Archaic]

    I am alone felicitate In your dear highness' love.


Shak.

Fe*lic"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Felicitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
felicitating.] [Cf. F. fÈliciter.] 1. To make very happy; to delight.

    What a glorious entertainment and pleasure would fill and
    felicitate his spirit.


I. Watts.

2. To express joy or pleasure to; to wish felicity to; to call or
consider (one's self) happy; to congratulate.

    Every true heart must felicitate itself that its lot is cast in
    this kingdom.


W. Howitt.

Syn. -- See Congratulate.

Fe*lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fÈlicitation.] The act of
felicitating; a wishing of joy or happiness; congratulation.

Fe*lic"i*tous (?), a. Characterized by felicity; happy; prosperous;
delightful; skillful; successful; happily applied or expressed;
appropriate.

    Felicitous words and images.


M. Arnold.

-- Fe*lic"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Fe*lic"i*tous*ness, n.

Fe*lic"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Felicities (#). [OE. felicite, F. fÈlicitÈ,
fr. L. felicitas, fr. felix, -icis, happy, fruitful; akin to fetus.] 1.
The state of being happy; blessedness; blissfulness; enjoyment of good.

    Our own felicity we make or find.


Johnson.

    Finally, after this life, to attain everlasting joy and felicity.


Book of Common Prayer.

2. That which promotes happiness; a successful or gratifying event;
prosperity; blessing.

    the felicities of her wonderful reign.


Atterbury.

3. A pleasing faculty or accomplishment; as, felicity in painting
portraits, or in writing or talking. "Felicity of expression." Bp.
Warburton.

Syn. -- Happiness; bliss; beatitude; blessedness; blissfulness. See
Happiness.

Fe"line (?), a. [L. felinus, fr. feles, felis, cat, prob. orig., the
fruitful: cf. F. fÈlin. See Fetus.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Catlike; of or
pertaining to the genus Felis, or family FelidÊ; as, the feline race;
feline voracity.

2. Characteristic of cats; sly; stealthy; treacherous; as, a feline
nature; feline manners.

||Fe"lis (?), n. [L., cat.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of carnivorous mammals,
||including the domestic cat, the lion, tiger, panther, and similar
||animals.

Fell (?), imp. of Fall.

Fell, a. [OE. fel, OF. fel cruel, fierce, perfidious; cf. AS. fel (only
in comp.) OF. fel, as a noun also accus. felon, is fr. LL. felo, of
unknown origin; cf. Arm fall evil, Ir. feal, Arm. falloni treachery,
Ir. & Gael. feall to betray; or cf. OHG. fillan to flay, torment, akin
to E. fell skin. Cf. Felon.] 1. Cruel; barbarous; inhuman; fierce;
savage; ravenous.

    While we devise fell tortures for thy faults.


Shak.

2. Eager; earnest; intent. [Obs.]

    I am so fell to my business.


Pepys.

Fell, n. [Cf. L. fel gall, bile, or E. fell, a.] Gall; anger;
melancholy. [Obs.]

    Untroubled of vile fear or bitter fell.


Spenser.

Fell, n. [AS. fell; akin to D. vel, OHG. fel, G. fell, Icel. fell (in
comp.), Goth fill in ˛rutsfill leprosy, L. pellis skin, G. &?;. Cf.
Film, Peel, Pell, n.] A skin or hide of a beast with the wool or hair
on; a pelt; -- used chiefly in composition, as woolfell.

    We are still handling our ewes, and their fells, you know, are
    greasy.


Shak.

Fell (?), n. [Icel. fell, fjally; akin to Sw. fj‰ll a ridge or chain of
mountains, Dan. fjeld mountain, rock and prob. to G. fels rock, or
perh. to feld field, E. field.] 1. A barren or rocky hill. T. Gray.

2. A wild field; a moor. Dryton.

Fell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Felled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Felling.] [AS.
fellan, a causative verb fr. feallan to fall; akin to D. vellen, G.
f‰llen, Icel. fella, Sw. f‰lla, Dan. fÊlde. See Fall, v. i.] To cause
to fall; to prostrate; to bring down or to the ground; to cut down.

    Stand, or I'll fell thee down.


Shak.

Fell, n. (Mining) The finer portions of ore which go through the
meshes, when the ore is sorted by sifting.

Fell, v. t. [Cf. Gael. fill to fold, plait, Sw. fÂll a hem.] To sew or
hem; -- said of seams.

Fell, n. 1. (Sewing) A form of seam joining two pieces of cloth, the
edges being folded together and the stitches taken through both
thicknesses.

2. (Weaving) The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft.

Fell"a*ble (?), a. Fit to be felled.

||Fel"lah (?), n.; pl. Ar. Fellahin (#), E. Fellahs (#). [Ar.] A
||peasant or cultivator of the soil among the Egyptians, Syrians, etc.
||W. M. Thomson.

Fell"er (?), n. One who, or that which, fells, knocks or cuts down; a
machine for felling trees.

Fell"er, n. An appliance to a sewing machine for felling a seam.

Fell"fare` (?), n. [Cf. AS. fealafor, and E. fieldfare.] (Zoˆl.) The
fieldfare.

Fel*lif"lu*ous (?), a. [L. fellifuus; fel gall + fluere to flow.]
Flowing with gall. [R.] Johnson.

Fel*lin"ic (?), a. [L. fel, fellis, gall.] Of, relating to, or derived
from, bile or gall; as, fellinic acid.

Fell"mon`ger (?), n. A dealer in fells or sheepskins, who separates the
wool from the pelts.

Fell"ness, n. [See Fell cruel.] The quality or state of being fell or
cruel; fierce barbarity. Spenser.

Fel"loe (?), n. See Felly.

Fel"lon (?), n. Variant of Felon. [Obs.]

    Those two were foes the fellonest on ground.


Spenser.

Fel"low (?), n. [OE. felawe, felaghe, Icel. flagi, fr. flag
companionship, prop., a laying together of property; f property + lag a
laying, pl. lˆg law, akin to liggja to lie. See Fee, and Law, Lie to be
low.] 1. A companion; a comrade; an associate; a partner; a sharer.

    The fellows of his crime.


Milton.

    We are fellows still, Serving alike in sorrow.


Shak.

    That enormous engine was flanked by two fellows almost of equal
    magnitude.


Gibbon.

Commonly used of men, but sometimes of women. Judges xi. 37.

2. A man without good breeding or worth; an ignoble or mean man.

    Worth makes the man, and want of it, the fellow.


Pope.

3. An equal in power, rank, character, etc.

    It is impossible that ever Rome Should breed thy fellow.


Shak.

4. One of a pair, or of two things used together or suited to each
other; a mate; the male.

    When they be but heifers of one year, . . . they are let go to the
    fellow and breed.


Holland.

    This was my glove; here is the fellow of it.


Shak.

5. A person; an individual.

    She seemed to be a good sort of fellow.


Dickens.

6. In the English universities, a scholar who is appointed to a
foundation called a fellowship, which gives a title to certain
perquisites and privileges.

7. In an American college or university, a member of the corporation
which manages its business interests; also, a graduate appointed to a
fellowship, who receives the income of the foundation.

8. A member of a literary or scientific society; as, a Fellow of the
Royal Society.

Fellow is often used in compound words, or adjectively, signifying
associate, companion, or sometimes equal. Usually, such compounds or
phrases are self- explanatory; as, fellow-citizen, or fellow citizen;
fellow-student, or fellow student; fellow- workman, or fellow workman;
fellow-mortal, or fellow mortal; fellow-sufferer; bedfellow;
playfellow; workfellow.

    Were the great duke himself here, and would lift up My head to
    fellow pomp amongst his nobles.


Ford.

Fel"low (?), v. t. To suit with; to pair with; to match. [Obs.] Shak.

Fel"low-com"mon*er (?), n. A student at Cambridge University, England,
who commons, or dines, at the Fellow's table.

Fel"low-crea"ture (?; 135), n. One of the same race or kind; one made
by the same Creator.

    Reason, by which we are raised above our fellow- creatures, the
    brutes.


I. Watts.

Fel"low*feel" (?), v. t. To share through sympathy; to participate in.
[R.] D. Rodgers.

Fel"low-feel"ing, n. 1. Sympathy; a like feeling.

2. Joint interest. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

Fel"low*less, a. Without fellow or equal; peerless.

    Whose well-built walls are rare and fellowless.


Chapman.

Fel"low*like` (?), a. Like a companion; companionable; on equal terms;
sympathetic. [Obs.] Udall.

Fel"low*ly, a. Fellowlike. [Obs.] Shak.

Fel"low*ship (?), n. [Fellow + -ship.] 1. The state or relation of
being or associate.

2. Companionship of persons on equal and friendly terms; frequent and
familiar intercourse.

    In a great town, friends are scattered, so that there is not that
    fellowship which is in less neighborhods.


Bacon.

    Men are made for society and mutual fellowship.


Calamy.

3. A state of being together; companionship; partnership; association;
hence, confederation; joint interest.

    The great contention of the sea and skies Parted our fellowship.


Shak.

    Fellowship in pain divides not smart


. Milton.

    Fellowship in woe doth woe assuage


. Shak.

    The goodliest fellowship of famous knights, Whereof this world
    holds record.


Tennyson.

4. Those associated with one, as in a family, or a society; a company.

    The sorrow of Noah with his fellowship.


Chaucer.

    With that a joyous fellowship issued Of minstrels.


Spenser.

5. (Eng. & Amer. Universities) A foundation for the maintenance, on
certain conditions, of a scholar called a fellow, who usually resides
at the university.

6. (Arith.) The rule for dividing profit and loss among partners; --
called also partnership, company, and distributive proportion.

Good fellowship, companionableness; the spirit and disposition
befitting comrades.

    There's neither honesty, manhood, nor good fellowship in thee.


Shak.

<! p. 551 !>

Fel"low*ship (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fellowshiped (&?;); p. pr. & vb.
n.. Fellowshiping.] (Eccl.) To acknowledge as of good standing, or in
communion according to standards of faith and practice; to admit to
Christian fellowship.

Fel"ly (?), adv. In a fell or cruel manner; fiercely; barbarously;
savagely. Spenser.

Fel"ly, n.; pl. Fellies (&?;). [OE. feli, felwe, felow, AS. felg,
felge; akin to D. velg, G. felge, OHG. felga felly (also, a harrow, but
prob. a different word), Dan. felge.] The exterior wooden rim, or a
segment of the rim, of a wheel, supported by the spokes. [Written also
felloe.]

    Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel.


Shak.

||Fe"lo-de-se` (?), n.; pl. Felos-de-se (#). [LL. felo, E. felon + de
||of, concerning + se self.] (Law) One who deliberately puts an end to
||his own existence, or loses his life while engaged in the commission
||of an unlawful or malicious act; a suicide. Burrill.

Fel"on (?), n. [OE., adj., cruel, n., villain, ruffian, traitor,
whitlow, F. fÈlon traitor, in OF. also, villain, fr. LL. felo. See
Fell, a.] 1. (Law) A person who has committed a felony.

2. A person guilty or capable of heinous crime.

3. (Med.) A kind of whitlow; a painful imflammation of the periosteum
of a finger, usually of the last joint.

Syn. -- Criminal; convict; malefactor; culprit.

Fel"on, a. Characteristic of a felon; malignant; fierce; malicious;
cruel; traitorous; disloyal.

    Vain shows of love to vail his felon hate.


Pope.

Fe*lo"ni*ous (?), a. Having the quality of felony; malignant;
malicious; villainous; traitorous; perfidious; in a legal sense, done
with intent to commit a crime; as, felonious homicide.

    O thievish Night, Why should'st thou, but for some felonious end,
    In thy dark lantern thus close up the stars?


Milton.

-- Fe*lo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Fe*lo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Fel"o*nous (?), a. [Cf. OF. feloneus. Cf. Felonious.] Wicked;
felonious. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fel"on*ry (?), n. A body of felons; specifically, the convict
population of a penal colony. Howitt.

Fel"on*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The bittersweet nightshade (Solanum
Dulcamara). See Bittersweet.

Fel"o*ny (?), n.; pl. Felonies (#). [OE. felonie cruelty, OF. felonie,
F. fÈlonie treachery, malice. See Felon, n.] 1. (Feudal Law) An act on
the part of the vassal which cost him his fee by forfeiture. Burrill.

2. (O. Eng. Law) An offense which occasions a total forfeiture either
lands or goods, or both, at the common law, and to which capital or
other punishment may be added, according to the degree of guilt.

3. A heinous crime; especially, a crime punishable by death or
imprisonment.

Forfeiture for crime having been generally abolished in the United
States, the term felony, in American law, has lost this point of
distinction; and its meaning, where not fixed by statute, is somewhat
vague and undefined; generally, however, it is used to denote an
offense of a high grade, punishable either capitally or by a term of
imprisonment. In Massachusetts, by statute, any crime punishable by
death or imprisonment in the state prison, and no other, is a felony;
so in New York. the tendency now is to obliterate the distinction
between felonies and misdemeanors; and this has been done partially in
England, and completely in some of the States of the Union. The
distinction is purely arbitrary, and its entire abolition is only a
question of time.

There is no lawyer who would undertake to tell what a felony is,
otherwise than by enumerating the various kinds of offenses which are
so called. originally, the word felony had a meaning: it denoted all
offenses the penalty of which included forfeiture of goods; but
subsequent acts of Parliament have declared various offenses to be
felonies, without enjoining that penalty, and have taken away the
penalty from others, which continue, nevertheless, to be called
felonies, insomuch that the acts so called have now no property
whatever in common, save that of being unlawful and purnishable. J. S.
Mill.

To compound a felony. See under Compound, v. t.

Fel"site (?), n. [Cf. Feldspar.] (Min.) A finegrained rock, flintlike
in fracture, consisting essentially of orthoclase feldspar with
occasional grains of quartz.

Fel*sit"ic (?), a. relating to, composed of, or containing, felsite.

{ Fel"spar` (?), Fel"spath` (?) }, n. (Min.) See Feldspar.

Fel*spath"ic (?), a. See Feldspathic.

Fel"stone` (?), n. [From G. feldstein, in analogy with E. felspar.]
(Min.) See Felsite.

Felt (?), imp. & p. p. or a. from Feel.

Felt (?), n. [AS. felt; akin to D. vilt, G. filz, and possibly to Gr.
&?; hair or wool wrought into felt, L. pilus hair, pileus a felt cap or
hat.] 1. A cloth or stuff made of matted fibers of wool, or wool and
fur, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and
pressure, with lees or size, without spinning or weaving.

    It were a delicate stratagem to shoe A troop of horse with felt.


Shak.

2. A hat made of felt. Thynne.

3. A skin or hide; a fell; a pelt. [Obs.]

    To know whether sheep are sound or not, see that the felt be loose.


Mortimer.

Felt grain, the grain of timber which is transverse to the annular
rings or plates; the direction of the medullary rays in oak and some
other timber. Knight.

Felt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Felted; p. pr. & vb. n. Felting.] 1. To make
into felt, or a feltike substance; to cause to adhere and mat together.
Sir M. Hale.

2. To cover with, or as with, felt; as, to felt the cylinder of a steam
engine.

Felt"er (?), v. t. To clot or mat together like felt.

    His feltered locks that on his bosom fell.


Fairfax.

Felt"ing, n. 1. The material of which felt is made; also, felted cloth;
also, the process by which it is made.

2. The act of splitting timber by the felt grain.

Fel"try (?), n. [OF. feltre.] See Felt, n. [Obs.]

Fe*luc"ca (&?;), n. [It. feluca (cf. Sp. faluca, Pg. falua), fr. Ar.
fulk ship, or harrqah a sort of ship.] (Naut.) A small, swift-sailing
vessel, propelled by oars and lateen sails, -- once common in the
Mediterranean. Sometimes it is constructed so that the helm may be used
at either end.

Fel"wort` (?), n. [Probably a corruption of fieldwort.] (Bot.) A
European herb (Swertia perennis) of the Gentian family.

Fe"male (?), n. [OE. femel, femal, F. femelle, fr. L. femella, dim. of
femina woman. See Feminine.] 1. An individual of the sex which
conceives and brings forth young, or (in a wider sense) which has an
ovary and produces ova.

    The male and female of each living thing.


Drayton.

2. (Bot.) A plant which produces only that kind of reproductive organs
which are capable of developing into fruit after impregnation or
fertilization; a pistillate plant.

Fe"male, a. 1. Belonging to the sex which conceives and gives birth to
young, or (in a wider sense) which produces ova; not male.

    As patient as the female dove When that her golden couplets are
    disclosed.


Shak.

2. Belonging to an individual of the female sex; characteristic of
woman; feminine; as, female tenderness. "Female usurpation.'b8 Milton.

    To the generous decision of a female mind, we owe the discovery of
    America.


Belknap.

3. (Bot.) Having pistils and no stamens; pistillate; or, in
cryptogamous plants, capable of receiving fertilization.

Female rhymes (Pros.), double rhymes, or rhymes (called in French
feminine rhymes because they end in e weak, or feminine) in which two
syllables, an accented and an unaccented one, correspond at the end of
each line.

A rhyme, in which the final syllables only agree (strain, complain) is
called a male rhyme; one in which the two final syllables of each verse
agree, the last being short (motion, ocean), is called female. Brande &
C.

-- Female screw, the spiral-threaded cavity into which another, or
male, screw turns. Nicholson. -- Female fern (Bot.), a common species
of fern with large decompound fronds (Asplenium FilixfÊmina), growing
in many countries; lady fern.

The names male fern and female fern were anciently given to two common
ferns; but it is now understood that neither has any sexual character.

Syn. -- Female, Feminine. We apply female to the sex or individual, as
opposed to male; also, to the distinctive belongings of women; as,
female dress, female form, female character, etc.; feminine, to things
appropriate to, or affected by, women; as, feminine studies,
employments, accomplishments, etc. "Female applies to sex rather than
gender, and is a physiological rather than a grammatical term. Feminine
applies to gender rather than sex, and is grammatical rather than
physiological." Latham.

Fe"mal*ist (?), n. A gallant. [Obs.]

    Courting her smoothly like a femalist.


Marston.

Fe"mal*ize (?), v. t. To make, or to describe as, female or feminine.
Shaftesbury.

||Feme (fm or fm), n. [OF. feme, F. femme.] (Old Law) A woman. Burrill.

Feme covert (Law), a married woman. See Covert, a., 3. -- Feme sole
(Law), a single or unmarried woman; a woman who has never been married,
or who has been divorced, or whose husband is dead. -- Feme sole trader
or merchant (Eng. Law), a married woman, who, by the custom of London,
engages in business on her own account, inpendently of her husband.

Fem"er*al (?), n. (Arch.) See Femerell.

Fem"er*ell (?), n. [OF. fumeraille part of a chimney. See Fume.]
(Arch.) A lantern, or louver covering, placed on a roof, for
ventilation or escape of smoke.

Fem"i*nal (?), a. Feminine. [Obs.] West.

Fem`i*nal"i*ty (?), n. Feminity.

Fem"i*nate (?), a. [L. feminatus effeminate.] Feminine. [Obs.]

Fem`i*ne"i*ty (?), n. [L. femineus womanly.] Womanliness; femininity.
C. Reade.

Fem"i*nine (?), a. [L. femininus, fr. femina woman; prob. akin to L.
fetus, or to Gr. qh^sqai to suck, qh^sai to suckle, Skr. dh to suck;
cf. AS. fmme woman, maid: cf. F. fÈminin. See Fetus.] 1. Of or
pertaining to a woman, or to women; characteristic of a woman;
womanish; womanly.

    Her letters are remarkably deficient in feminine ease and grace.


Macaulay.

2. Having the qualities of a woman; becoming or appropriate to the
female sex; as, in a good sense, modest, graceful, affectionate,
confiding; or, in a bad sense, weak, nerveless, timid, pleasure-loving,
effeminate.

    Her heavenly form Angelic, but more soft and feminine.


Milton.

    Ninus being esteemed no man of war at all, but altogether feminine,
    and subject to ease and delicacy.


Sir W. Raleigh.

Feminine rhyme. (Pros.) See Female rhyme, under Female, a.

Syn. -- See Female, a.

Fem"i*nine, n. 1. A woman. [Obs. or Colloq.]

    They guide the feminines toward the palace.


Hakluyt.

2. (Gram.) Any one of those words which are the appellations of
females, or which have the terminations usually found in such words;
as, actress, songstress, abbess, executrix.

    There are but few true feminines in English.


Latham.

Fem"i*nine*ly, adv. In a feminine manner. Byron.

Fem"i*nine*ness, n. The quality of being feminine; womanliness;
womanishness.

Fem`i*nin"i*ty (?), n. 1. The quality or nature of the female sex;
womanliness.

2. The female form. [Obs.]

    O serpent under femininitee.


Chaucer.

Fe*min"i*ty (?), n. Womanliness; femininity. [Obs.] "Trained up in true
feminity." Spenser.

Fem`i*ni*za"tion (?), n. The act of feminizing, or the state of being
feminized.

Fem"i*nize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. fÈminiser.] To make womanish or
effeminate. Dr. H. More.

Fem"i*nye (?), n. [OF. femenie, feminie, the female sex, realm of
women.] The people called Amazons. [Obs.] "[The reign of] feminye."
Chaucer.

||Femme (? or ?), n. [F.] A woman. See Feme, n.

Femme de chambre (?). [F.] A lady's maid; a chambermaid.

Fem"o*ral (?), a. [L. femur, femoris, thigh: cf. F. fÈmoral.]
Pertaining to the femur or thigh; as, the femoral artery. "Femoral
habiliments." Sir W. Scott.

||Fe"mur (f"mr), n.; pl. Femora (fm"*r). [L. thigh.] (Anat.) (a) The
||thigh bone. (b) The proximal segment of the hind limb containing the
||thigh bone; the thigh. See Coxa.

Fen (?), n. [AS. fen, fenn, marsh, mud, dirt; akin to D. veen, OFries.
fenne, fene, OHG. fenna, G. fenn, Icel. fen, Goth. fani mud.] Low land
overflowed, or covered wholly or partially with water, but producing
sedge, coarse grasses, or other aquatic plants; boggy land; moor;
marsh.

    'Mid reedy fens wide spread.


Wordsworth.

Fen is used adjectively with the sense of belonging to, or of the
nature of, a fen or fens.

Fen boat, a boat of light draught used in marshes. -- Fen duck (Zoˆl.),
a wild duck inhabiting fens; the shoveler. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fen fowl
(Zoˆl.), any water fowl that frequent fens. -- Fen goose (Zoˆl.), the
graylag goose of Europe. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fen land, swamp land.

Fence (?), n. [Abbrev. from defence.] 1. That which fends off attack or
danger; a defense; a protection; a cover; security; shield.

    Let us be backed with God and with the seas, Which he hath given
    for fence impregnable.


Shak.

    A fence betwixt us and the victor's wrath.


Addison.

2. An inclosure about a field or other space, or about any object;
especially, an inclosing structure of wood, iron, or other material,
intended to prevent intrusion from without or straying from within.

    Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the fold.


Milton.

In England a hedge, ditch, or wall, as well as a structure of boards,
palings, or rails, is called a fence.

3. (Locks) A projection on the bolt, which passes through the tumbler
gates in locking and unlocking.

4. Self-defense by the use of the sword; the art and practice of
fencing and sword play; hence, skill in debate and repartee. See
Fencing.

    Enjoy your dear wit, and gay rhetoric, That hath so well been
    taught her dazzing fence.


Milton.

    Of dauntless courage and consummate skill in fence.


Macaulay.

5. A receiver of stolen goods, or a place where they are received.
[Slang] Mayhew.

Fence month (Forest Law), the month in which female deer are fawning,
when hunting is prohibited. Bullokar. -- Fence roof, a covering for
defense. "They fitted their shields close to one another in manner of a
fence roof." Holland. -- Fence time, the breeding time of fish or game,
when they should not be killed. -- Rail fence, a fence made of rails,
sometimes supported by posts. -- Ring fence, a fence which encircles a
large area, or a whole estate, within one inclosure. -- Worm fence, a
zigzag fence composed of rails crossing one another at their ends; --
called also snake fence, or Virginia rail fence. -- To be on the fence,
to be undecided or uncommitted in respect to two opposing parties or
policies. [Colloq.]

<! p. 552 !>

Fence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fenced (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Fencing (?).]
1. To fend off danger from; to give security to; to protect; to guard.

    To fence my ear against thy sorceries.


Milton.

2. To inclose with a fence or other protection; to secure by an
inclosure.

    O thou wall! . . . dive in the earth, And fence not Athens.


Shak.

    A sheepcote fenced about with olive trees.


Shak.

To fence the tables (Scot. Church), to make a solemn address to those
who present themselves to commune at the Lord's supper, on the feelings
appropriate to the service, in order to hinder, so far as possible,
those who are unworthy from approaching the table. McCheyne.

Fence (?), v. i. 1. To make a defense; to guard one's self of anything,
as against an attack; to give protection or security, as by a fence.

    Vice is the more stubborn as well as the more dangerous evil, and
    therefore, in the first place, to be fenced against.


Locke.

2. To practice the art of attack and defense with the sword or with the
foil, esp. with the smallsword, using the point only.

    He will fence with his own shadow.


Shak.

3. Hence, to fight or dispute in the manner of fencers, that is, by
thrusting, guarding, parrying, etc.

    They fence and push, and, pushing, loudly roar; Their dewlaps and
    their sides are bat&?;ed in gore.


Dryden.

    As when a billow, blown against, Falls back, the voice with which I
    fenced A little ceased, but recommenced.


Tennyson.

Fence"ful (?), a. Affording defense; defensive. [Obs.] Congreve.

Fence"less, a. Without a fence; uninclosed; open; unguarded;
defenseless. Milton.

Fen"cer (?), n. One who fences; one who teaches or practices the art of
fencing with sword or foil.

    As blunt as the fencer's foils.


Shak.

Fen"ci-ble (?), a. Capable of being defended, or of making or affording
defense. [Obs.]

    No fort so fencible, nor walls so strong.


Spenser.

Fen"ci*ble, n. (Mil.) A soldier enlisted for home service only; --
usually in the pl.

Fen"cing (?), n. 1. The art or practice of attack and defense with the
sword, esp. with the smallsword. See Fence, v. i., 2.

2. Disputing or debating in a manner resembling the art of fencers.
Shak.

3. The materials used for building fences. [U.S.]

4. The act of building a fence.

5. The aggregate of the fences put up for inclosure or protection; as,
the fencing of a farm.

Fen" crick`et (?). (Zoˆl.) The mole cricket. [Prov. Eng.]

Fend (?), n. A fiend. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fend (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fended; p. pr. & vb. n. Fending.]
[Abbrev. fr. defend.] To keep off; to prevent from entering or hitting;
to ward off; to shut out; -- often with off; as, to fend off blows.

    With fern beneath to fend the bitter cold.


Dryden.

To fend off a boat or vessel (Naut.), to prevent its running against
anything with too much violence.

Fend, v. i. To act on the defensive, or in opposition; to resist; to
parry; to shift off.

    The dexterous management of terms, and being able to fend . . .
    with them, passes for a great part of learning.


Locke.

Fen"der (?), n. [From Fend, v. t. & i., cf. Defender.] One who or that
which defends or protects by warding off harm; as: (a) A screen to
prevent coals or sparks of an open fire from escaping to the floor. (b)
Anything serving as a cushion to lessen the shock when a vessel comes
in contact with another vessel or a wharf. (c) A screen to protect a
carriage from mud thrown off the wheels: also, a splashboard. (d)
Anything set up to protect an exposed angle, as of a house, from damage
by carriage wheels.

Fend"liche (?), a. Fiendlike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fen"er*ate (?), v. i. [L. faeneratus, p. p. of faenerari lend on
interest, fr. faenus interest.] To put money to usury; to lend on
interest. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Fen`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. faeneratio.] The act of fenerating; interest.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

||Fen`es-tel"la (?), n. [L., dim. of fenestra &?; window.] (Arch.) Any
||small windowlike opening or recess, esp. one to show the relics
||within an altar, or the like.

||Fe*nes"tra (?), n.; pl. FenestrÊ (#). [L., a window.] (Anat.) A small
||opening; esp., one of the apertures, closed by membranes, between the
||tympanum and internal ear.

Fe*nes"tral (?), a. [L. fenestra a window.] 1. (Arch.) Pertaining to a
window or to windows.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a fenestra.

Fe*nes"tral, n. (Arch.) A casement or window sash, closed with cloth or
paper instead of glass. Weale.

Fe*nes"trate (?), a. [L. fenestratus, p. p. of fenestrare to furnish
with openings and windows.] 1. Having numerous openings; irregularly
reticulated; as, fenestrate membranes; fenestrate fronds.

2. (Zoˆl.) Having transparent spots, as the wings of certain
butterflies.

Fe*nes"tra*ted (?), a. 1. (Arch.) Having windows; characterized by
windows.

2. Same as Fenestrate.

Fen`es*tra"tion (?), n. 1. (Arch.) The arrangement and proportioning of
windows; -- used by modern writers for the decorating of an
architectural composition by means of the window (and door) openings,
their ornaments, and proportions.

2. (Anat.) The state or condition of being fenestrated.

Fe*nes"trule (?), n. [L. fenestrula a little window, dim. of fenestra a
window.] (Zoˆl.) One of the openings in a fenestrated structure.

Fen"gite (?), n. (Min.) A kind of marble or alabaster, sometimes used
for windows on account of its transparency.

Fe"ni*an (?), n. [From the Finians or Fenii, the old militia of
Ireland, who were so called from Fin or Finn, Fionn, or Fingal, a
popular hero of Irish traditional history.] A member of a secret
organization, consisting mainly of Irishmen, having for its aim the
overthrow of English rule in Ireland.

Fe"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to Fenians or to Fenianism.

Fe"ni*an*ism (?), n. The principles, purposes, and methods of the
Fenians.

Fenks (fks), n. The refuse whale blubber, used as a manure, and in the
manufacture of Prussian blue. Ure.

Fen"nec (fn"nk), n. [Ar. fanek.] (Zoˆl.) A small, African, foxlike
animal (Vulpes zerda) of a pale fawn color, remarkable for the large
size of its ears.

Fen"nel (fn"nl), n. [AS. fenol, finol, from L. feniculum, faeniculum,
dim. of fenum, faenum, hay: cf. F. fenouil. Cf. Fenugreek. Finochio.]
(Bot.) A perennial plant of the genus FÊniculum (F. vulgare), having
very finely divided leaves. It is cultivated in gardens for the
agreeable aromatic flavor of its seeds.

    Smell of sweetest fennel.


Milton.

    A sprig of fennel was in fact the theological smelling bottle of
    the tender sex.


S. G. Goodrich.

Azorean, or Sweet, fennel, (FÊniculum dulce). It is a smaller and
stouter plant than the common fennel, and is used as a pot herb. --
Dog's fennel (Anthemis Cotula), a foul- smelling European weed; --
called also mayweed. -- Fennel flower (Bot.), an herb (Nigella) of the
Buttercup family, having leaves finely divided, like those of the
fennel. N. Damascena is common in gardens. N. sativa furnishes the
fennel seed, used as a condiment, etc., in India. These seeds are the
"fitches" mentioned in Isaiah (xxviii. 25). -- Fennel water (Med.), the
distilled water of fennel seed. It is stimulant and carminative. --
Giant fennel (Ferula communis), has stems full of pith, which, it is
said, were used to carry fire, first, by Prometheus. -- Hog's fennel, a
European plant (Peucedanum officinale) looking something like fennel.

Fen"nish (?), a. Abounding in fens; fenny.

Fen"ny (?), a. [AS. fennig.] Pertaining to, or inhabiting, a fen;
abounding in fens; swampy; boggy. "Fenny snake." Shak.

Fen"owed (?), a. [AS. fynig musty, fynegean to become musty or filthy:
cf. fennig fenny, muddy, dirty, fr. fen fen. Cf. Finew.] Corrupted;
decayed; moldy. See Vinnewed. [Obs.] Dr. Favour.

Fen"si-ble (?), a. Fencible. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fen"-sucked` (?), a. Sucked out of marches. "Fen-sucked fogs." Shak.

Fen"u*greek (? or ?), n. [L. faenum Graecum, lit., Greek hay: cf. F.
fenugrec. Cf. Fennel.] (Bot.) A plant (trigonella Fúnum GrÊcum)
cultivated for its strong-smelling seeds, which are "now only used for
giving false importance to horse medicine and damaged hay." J. Smith
(Pop. Names of Plants, 1881).

Feod (?), n. A feud. See 2d Feud. Blackstone.

Feod"al (?), a. Feudal. See Feudal.

Feo*dal"i*ty (?), n. Feudal tenure; the feudal system. See Feudality.
Burke.

Feod"a*ry (?), n. 1. An accomplice.

    Art thou a feodary for this act?


Shak.

2. (Eng. Law) An ancient officer of the court of wards. Burrill.

Feod"a*to*ry (?), n. See Feudatory.

Feoff (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feoffed (#); p. pr. & vb. n..
Feoffing.] [OE. feffen, OF. feffer, fieffer, F. fieffer, fr. fief fief;
cf. LL. feoffare, fefare. See Fief.] (Law) To invest with a fee or
feud; to give or grant a corporeal hereditament to; to enfeoff.

Feoff, n. (Law) A fief. See Fief.

Feof*fee" (?; 277), n. [OF. feoffÈ.] (Law) The person to whom a
feoffment is made; the person enfeoffed.

Feoff"ment (?), n. [OF. feoffement, fieffement; cf. LL. feoffamentum.]
(Law) (a) The grant of a feud or fee. (b) (Eng. Law) A gift or
conveyance in fee of land or other corporeal hereditaments, accompanied
by actual delivery of possession. Burrill.

(c) The instrument or deed by which corporeal hereditaments are
conveyed. [Obs. in the U.S., Rare in Eng.]

{ Feo"for (?), Feof"fer (?) }, n. [OF. feoour.] (Law) One who enfeoffs
or grants a fee.

Fer (?), a. & adv. Far. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fe*ra"cious (?), a. [L. ferax, -acis, fr. ferre to bear.] Fruitful;
producing abundantly. [R.] Thomson.

Fe*rac"i*ty (?), n. [L. feracitas.] The state of being feracious or
fruitful. [Obs.] Beattie.

||Fe"rÊ (?), n. pl. [L., wild animals, fem. pl. of ferus wild.] (Zoˆl.)
||A group of mammals which formerly included the Carnivora,
||Insectivora, Marsupialia, and lemurs, but is now often restricted to
||the Carnivora.

||Fe"rÊ na*tu"rÊ (?). [L.] Of a wild nature; -- applied to animals, as
||foxes, wild ducks, etc., in which no one can claim property.

Fe"ral (?), a. [L. ferus. See Fierce.] (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Wild; untamed;
ferine; not domesticated; -- said of beasts, birds, and plants.

Fe"ral, a. [L. feralis, belonging to the dead.] Funereal; deadly;
fatal; dangerous. [R.] "Feral accidents." Burton.

Ferde (?), obs. imp. of Fare. Chaucer.

||Fer`-de-lance" (?), n. [F., the iron of a lance, lance head.] (Zoˆl.)
||A large, venomous serpent (Trigonocephalus lanceolatus) of Brazil and
||the West Indies. It is allied to the rattlesnake, but has no rattle.

Fer"ding (?), n. [See Farthing.] A measure of land mentioned in
Domesday Book. It is supposed to have consisted of a few acres only.
[Obs.]

Ferd"ness (?), n. [OE. ferd fear. See Fear.] Fearfulness. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Fere (?), n. [OE. fere companion, AS. gefra, from fran to go, travel,
faran to travel. &radic;78. See Fare.] A mate or companion; -- often
used of a wife. [Obs.] [Written also fear and feere.] Chaucer.

    And Cambel took Cambrina to his fere.


Spenser.

In fere, together; in company. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fere, a. [Cf. L. ferus wild.] Fierce. [Obs.]

Fere, n. [See Fire.] Fire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fere, n. [See Fear.] Fear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fere, v. t. & i. To fear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fer`e*to*ry (?), n. [L. feretrum bier, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to bear, akin
to L. ferre, E. bear to support.] A portable bier or shrine, variously
adorned, used for containing relics of saints. Mollett.

Fer"forth` (?), adv. Far forth. [Obs.]

As ferforth as, as far as. -- So ferforth, to such a degree.

Fer"forth`ly, adv. Ferforth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fer"gu*son*ite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral of a brownish black color,
essentially a tantalo- niobate of yttrium, erbium, and cerium; -- so
called after Robert Ferguson.

||Fe"ri*a (?), n.; pl. FeriÊ (&?;). (Eccl.) A week day, esp. a day
||which is neither a festival nor a fast. Shipley.

Fe"ri*al (?), n. Same as Feria.

Fe"ri*al, a. [LL. ferialis, fr. L. ferie holidays: cf. F. fÈrial. See
5th Fair.] 1. Of or pertaining to holidays. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

2. Belonging to any week day, esp. to a day that is neither a festival
nor a fast.

Fe`ri*a"tion (?), n. [L. feriari to keep holiday, fr. ferie holidays.]
The act of keeping holiday; cessation from work. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Fe"rie (?), n. [OF. ferie, fr. L. ferie holidays. See 5th Fair.] A
holiday. [Obs.] Bullokar.

Fe"ri*er (?), a., compar. of Fere, fierce. [Obs.]

    Rhenus ferier than the cataract.


Marston.

Fe"rine (?), a. [L. ferinus, fr. ferus wild. See Fierce.] Wild;
untamed; savage; as, lions, tigers, wolves, and bears are ferine
beasts. Sir M. Hale. -- n. A wild beast; a beast of prey. --
Fe"rine*ly, adv. - - Fe"rine*ness, n.

||Fer*in"gee (?), n. [Per. Farang, or Ar. Firanj, properly, a Frank.]
||The name given to Europeans by the Hindos. [Written also Feringhee.]

Fer"i*ty (?), n. [L. feritas, from ferus wild.] Wildness; savageness;
fierceness. [Obs.] Woodward.

Fer"ly (?), a. [AS. f&?;rlic sudden, unexpected. See Fear, n.]
Singular; wonderful; extraordinary. [Obs.] -- n. A wonder; a marvel.
[Obs.]

    Who hearkened ever such a ferly thing.


Chaucer.

{ Ferm, Ferme (?), n. }[See Farm.] Rent for a farm; a farm; also, an
abode; a place of residence; as, he let his land to ferm. [Obs.]

    Out of her fleshy ferme fled to the place of pain.


Spenser.

Fer"ma*cy (?), n. [OE. See Pharmacy.] Medicine; pharmacy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Fer"ment (?), n. [L. fermentum ferment (in senses 1 & 2), perh. for
fervimentum, fr. fervere to be boiling hot, boil, ferment: cf. F.
ferment. Cf. 1st Barm, Fervent.] 1. That which causes fermentation, as
yeast, barm, or fermenting beer.

Ferments are of two kinds: (a) Formed or organized ferments. (b)
Unorganized or structureless ferments. The latter are also called
soluble or chemical ferments, and enzymes. Ferments of the first class
are as a rule simple microscopic vegetable organisms, and the
fermentations which they engender are due to their growth and
development; as, the acetic ferment, the butyric ferment, etc. See
Fermentation. Ferments of the second class, on the other hand, are
chemical substances, as a rule soluble in glycerin and precipitated by
alcohol. In action they are catalytic and, mainly, hydrolytic. Good
examples are pepsin of the dastric juice, ptyalin of the salvia, and
disease of malt.

2. Intestine motion; heat; tumult; agitation.

    Subdue and cool the ferment of desire.


Rogers.

    the nation is in a ferment.


Walpole.

3. A gentle internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid;
fermentation. [R.]

    Down to the lowest lees the ferment ran.


Thomson.

ferment oils, volatile oils produced by the fermentation of plants, and
not originally contained in them. These were the quintessences of the
alchenists. Ure.

Fer*ment" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fermented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fermenting.] [L. fermentare, fermentatum: cf. F. fermenter. See
Ferment, n.] To cause ferment of fermentation in; to set in motion; to
excite internal emotion in; to heat.

    Ye vigorous swains! while youth ferments your blood.


Pope.

Fer*ment", v. i. 1. To undergo fermentation; to be in motion, or to be
excited into sensible internal motion, as the constituent particles of
an animal or vegetable fluid; to work; to effervesce.

2. To be agitated or excited by violent emotions.

    But finding no redress, ferment and rage.


Milton.

    The intellect of the age was a fermenting intellect.


De Quincey.

Fer*ment`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of fermentation.

Fer*ment"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. fermentable.] Capable of fermentation;
as, cider and other vegetable liquors are fermentable.

Fer*ment"al (?), a. Fermentative. [Obs.]

<! p. 553 !>

Fer`men*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fermentation.] 1. The process of
undergoing an effervescent change, as by the action of yeast; in a
wider sense (Physiol. Chem.), the transformation of an organic
substance into new compounds by the action of a ferment, either formed
or unorganized. It differs in kind according to the nature of the
ferment which causes it.

2. A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or the
feelings.

    It puts the soul to fermentation and activity.


Jer. Taylor.

    A univesal fermentation of human thought and faith.


C. Kingsley.

Acetous, or Acetic, fermentation, a form of oxidation in which alcohol
is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of a specific
fungus or ferment (Mycoderma aceti). The process involves two distinct
reactions, in which the oxygen of the air is essential. An intermediate
product, aldehyde, is formed in the first process.

1. C2H6O + O = H2O + C2H4O Alcohol. Water. Aldehyde.

2. C2H4O + O = C2H4O2 Aldehyde. Acetic acid.

-- Alcoholic fermentation, the fermentation which saccharine bodies
undergo when brought in contact with the yeast plant or Torula. The
sugar is converted, either directly or indirectly, into alcohol and
carbonic acid, the rate of action being dependent on the rapidity with
which the TorulÊ develop. - - Ammoniacal fermentation, the conversion
of the urea of the urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of
the special urea ferment.

CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3 Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate.

Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for several days
it undergoes this alkaline fermentation. -- Butyric fermentation, the
decomposition of various forms of organic matter, through the agency of
a peculiar worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric
acid. It is one of the many forms of fermentation that collectively
constitute putrefaction. See Lactic fermentation. -- Fermentation by an
unorganized ferment or enzyme. Fermentations of this class are purely
chemical reactions, in which the ferment acts as a simple catalytic
agent. Of this nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane sugar
into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute acids, the conversion
of starch into dextrin and sugar by similar treatment, the conversion
of starch into like products by the action of diastase of malt or
ptyalin of saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones and
other like products by the action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the
gastric juice or by the ferment of the pancreatic juice. --
Fermentation theory of disease (Biol. & Med.), the theory that most if
not all, infectious or zymotic disease are caused by the introduction
into the organism of the living germs of ferments, or ferments already
developed (organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation are
set up injurious to health. See Germ theory. -- Glycerin fermentation,
the fermentation which occurs on mixing a dilute solution of glycerin
with a peculiar species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime,
and other matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the glycerin
being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid, butyl, and ethyl
alcohol. With another form of bacterium (Bacillus subtilis) ethyl
alcohol and butyric acid are mainly formed. -- Lactic fermentation, the
transformation of milk sugar or other saccharine body into lactic acid,
as in the souring of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium
(Bacterium lactis of Lister). In this change the milk sugar, before
assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably passes through the stage
of glucose.

C12H22O11.H2O = 4C3H6O3 Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid.

In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the lactic acid
which is formed is very prone to undergo butyric fermentation after the
manner indicated in the following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) =
C4H8O2 (butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen gas). --
Putrefactive fermentation. See Putrefaction.

Fer*ment"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. fermentatif.] Causing, or having power
to cause, fermentation; produced by fermentation; fermenting; as, a
fermentative process.

-- Fer*ment"a*tive*ly, adv. -- Fer*ment"a*tive*ness, n.

Fer"mer*ere (?), n. [OF. enfermerier, fr. enfermerie infirmary. See
Infirmary.] The officer in a religious house who had the care of the
infirmary. [Obs.]

Fer"mil*let (?), n. [OF., dim. of fermeil, fermail, clasp, prob. fr.
OF. & F. fermer to make fast, fr. ferme fast. See Firm.] A buckle or
clasp. [Obs.] Donne.

Fern (?), adv. Long ago. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fern, a. [AS. fyrn.] Ancient; old. [Obs.] "Pilgrimages to . . . ferne
halwes." [saints]. Chaucer.

Fern (frn), n. [AS. fearn; akin to D. varen, G. farn, farnkraut; cf.
Skr. parn.a wing, feather, leaf, sort of plant, or Lith. papartis
fern.] (Bot.) An order of cryptogamous plants, the Filices, which have
their fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves. They are
usually found in humid soil, sometimes grow epiphytically on trees, and
in tropical climates often attain a gigantic size.

The plants are asexual, and bear clustered sporangia, containing minute
spores, which germinate and form prothalli, on which are borne the true
organs of reproduction. The brake or bracken, the maidenhair, and the
polypody are all well known ferns.

Christmas fern. See under Christmas. -- Climbing fern (Bot.), a
delicate North American fern (Lygodium palmatum), which climbs several
feet high over bushes, etc., and is much sought for purposes of
decoration. -- Fern owl. (Zoˆl.) (a) The European goatsucker. (b) The
short-eared owl. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fern shaw, a fern thicket. [Eng.] R.
Browning.

Fern"er*y (?), n. A place for rearing ferns.

Fern"ti*cle (?), n. A freckle on the skin, resembling the seed of fern.
[Prov. Eng.]

Fern"y (?), a. Abounding in ferns.

Fe*ro"cious (?), a. [L. ferox, -ocis, fierce: cf. F. fÈroce. See
Ferocity.] Fierce; savage; wild; indicating cruelty; ravenous;
rapacious; as, ferocious look or features; a ferocious lion.

    The humbled power of a ferocious enemy.


Lowth.

Syn. -- Ferocious, Fierce, Savage, Barbarous. When these words are
applied to human feelings or conduct, ferocious describes the
disposition; fierce, the haste and violence of an act; barbarous, the
coarseness and brutality by which it was marked; savage, the cruel and
unfeeling spirit which it showed. A man is ferocious in his temper,
fierce in his actions, barbarous in the manner of carrying out his
purposes, savage in the spirit and feelings expressed in his words or
deeds.

-- Fe*ro"cious*ly, adv. -- Fe*ro"cious*ness, n.

    It [Christianity] has adapted the ferociousness of war.


Blair.

Fe*roc"i*ty (?), n. [L. ferocitas, fr. ferox, -ocis, fierce, kin to
ferus wild: cf. F. ferocitÈ. See Fierce.] Savage wildness or
fierceness; fury; cruelty; as, ferocity of countenance.

    The pride and ferocity of a Highland chief.


Macaulay.

||Fer*o"her (?), n. (ArchÊol.) A symbol of the solar deity, found on
||monuments exhumed in Babylon, Nineveh, etc.

Fe"rous (?), a. [L. ferus. See Fierce.] Wild; savage. [R.] Arthur
Wilson.

-fer*ous (?). [L. -fer. fr. ferre to bear. See Bear to support.] A
suffix signifying bearing, producing, yielding; as, auriferous,
yielding gold; chyliferous, producing chyle.

Fer*ran"dine (? or ?), n. [F.; cf. OF. ferrant iron-gray, from L.
ferrum iron.] A stuff made of silk and wool.

    I did buy a colored silk ferrandine.


Pepys.

Fer*ra"ra (?), n. A sword bearing the mark of one of the Ferrara family
of Italy. These swords were highly esteemed in England and Scotland in
the 16th and 17th centuries.

Fer`ra*rese" (?), a. Pertaining to Ferrara, in Italy. -- n., sing. &
pl. A citizen of Ferrara; collectively, the inhabitants of Ferrara.

Fer"ra*ry (?), n. [L. ferraria iron works. See Ferreous.] The art of
working in iron. [Obs.] Chapman.

Fer"rate (?), n. [L. ferrum iron.] (Chem.) A salt of ferric acid.

{ Fer"re (?), Fer"rer (?), a. & adv. } Obs. compar. of Fer.

Fer"re*ous (?), a. [L. ferreus, fr. ferrum iron. Cf. Farrier, Ferrous.]
Partaking of, made of, or pertaining to, iron; like iron. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

Fer"rest (?), a. & adv. Obs. superl. of Fer. Chaucer.

Fer"ret (?), n. [F. furet, cf. LL. furo; prob. fr. L. fur thief (cf.
Furtive); cf. Arm. fur wise, sly.] (Zoˆl.) An animal of the Weasel
family (Mustela or Putorius furo), about fourteen inches in length, of
a pale yellow or white color, with red eyes. It is a native of Africa,
but has been domesticated in Europe. Ferrets are used to drive rabbits
and rats out of their holes.

Fer"ret, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ferreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ferreting.] [Cf.
F. fureter. See Ferret, n.] To drive or hunt out of a lurking place, as
a ferret does the cony; to search out by patient and sagacious efforts;
-- often used with out; as, to ferret out a secret.

    Master Fer! I'll fer him, and firk him, and ferret him.


Shak.

Fer"ret, n. [Ital. foretto, dim. of fiore flower; or F. fleuret. Cf.
Floret.] A kind of narrow tape, usually made of woolen; sometimes of
cotton or silk; -- called also ferreting.

Fer"ret, n. [F. feret, dim. or fer iron, L. ferrum.] (Glass Making) The
iron used for trying the melted glass to see if is fit to work, and for
shaping the rings at the mouths of bottles.

Fer"ret*er (?), n. One who ferrets. Johnson.

Fer"ret-eye` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The spur-winged goose; -- so called from
the red circle around the eyes.

Fer*ret"to (?), n. [It. ferretto di Spagna, dim. of ferro iron, fr. L.
ferrum.] Copper sulphide, used to color glass. Hebert.

Fer"ri- (&?;). (Chem.) A combining form indicating ferric iron as an
ingredient; as, ferricyanide.

Fer"ri*age (?; 48), n. [From Ferry.] The price or fare to be paid for
passage at a ferry.

Fer"ric (?), a. [L. ferrum iron: cf. F. ferrique. See Ferrous.]
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing iron. Specifically (Chem.),
denoting those compounds in which iron has a higher valence than in the
ferrous compounds; as, ferric oxide; ferric acid.

Ferric acid (Chem.), an acid, H2FeO4, which is not known in the free
state, but forms definite salts, analogous to the chromates and
sulphates. -- Ferric oxide (Chem.), sesquioxide of iron, Fe2O3;
hematite. See Hematite.

Fer`ri*cy"a*nate (?), n. [Ferri- + cyanate.] (Chem.) A salt of
ferricyanic acid; a ferricyanide.

Fer`ri*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Ferri- + cyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
derived from, a ferricyanide.

Ferricyanic acid (Chem.), a brown crystalline substance, H6(CN)12Fe2,
obtained from potassium ferricyanide, and regarded as the type of the
ferricyanides; -- called also hydro-ferricyanic acid, hydrogen
ferricyanide, etc.

Fer`ri*cy"a*nide (?; 104), n. [Ferri- + cyanide.] (Chem.) One of a
complex series of double cyanides of ferric iron and some other base.

Potassium ferricyanide (Chem.), red prussiate of potash; a dark, red,
crystalline salt, K6(CN)12Fe2, consisting of the double cyanide of
potassium and ferric iron. From it is derived the ferrous ferricyanate,
Turnbull's blue.

Fer"ri*er (?), n. A ferryman. Calthrop.

Fer*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ferrum iron + -ferous: cf. F. ferrifËre.]
Producing or yielding iron.

Fer`ri*prus"si*ate (? or ?; see Prussiate, 277), n. [Ferri- +
prussiate.] (Chem.) A ferricyanate; a ferricyanide. [R.]

Fer`ri*prus"sic (? or ?; see Prussik, 277), a. [Ferri- + prussic.]
(Chem.) Ferricyanic. [R.]

Fer"ro- (&?;). (Chem.) A prefix, or combining form, indicating ferrous
iron as an ingredient; as, ferrocyanide.

Fer`ro*cal"cite (?), n. [Ferro- + calcite.] Limestone containing a
large percentage of iron carbonate, and hence turning brown on
exposure.

Fer`ro*cy"a*nate (?), n. [Ferro- + cyanate: cf. F. ferrocyanate.]
(Chem.) A salt of ferrocyanic acid; a ferrocyanide.

Fer`ro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Ferro- + cyanic: cf. F. ferrocyanique.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a ferrocyanide.

ferrocyanic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, H4(CN)6Fe, of
strong acid properties, obtained from potassium ferrocyanide, and
regarded as the type of the ferrocyanides; -- called also
hydro-ferrocyanic acid, hydrogen ferrocyanide. etc.

Fer`ro*cy"a*nide (? or ?; 104), n. [Ferro- + cyanide.] (Chem.) One of a
series of complex double cyanides of ferrous iron and some other base.

Potassium ferrocyanide (Chem.), yellow prussiate of potash; a tough,
yellow, crystalline salt, K4(CN)6Fe, the starting point in the
manufacture of almost all cyanogen compounds, and the basis of the
ferric ferrocyanate, prussian blue. It is obtained by strongly heating
together potash, scrap iron, and animal matter containing nitrogen, as
horn, leather, blood, etc., in iron pots.

Fer`ro*prus"si*ate (&?; or &?; or &?;; see Prussiate, 277), n. [Ferro-
+ prussiate.] (Chem.) A ferrocyanate; a ferocyanide. [R.]

Fer`ro*prus"sic (? or ?; see Prussic, 277), a. [Ferro- + prussic.]
(Chem.) Ferrocyanic.

Fer*ro"so- (&?;). (Chem.) See Ferro- .

Fer"ro*type (?), n. [L. ferrum iron + -type.] A photographic picture
taken on an iron plate by a collodion process; -- familiarly called
tintype.

Fer"rous (?), a. [Cf. F. ferreux. See Ferreous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or derived from, iron; -- especially used of compounds of iron in which
the iron has its lower valence; as, ferrous sulphate.

Fer*ru"gi*na`ted (?), a. [See Ferrugo.] Having the color or properties
of the rust of iron.

Fer`ru*gin"e*ous (?), a. Ferruginous. [R.]

Fer*ru"gi*nous (?), a. [L. ferruginus, ferrugineus, fr. ferrugo, -
ginis, iron rust: cf. F. ferrugineux. See Ferrugo.] 1. Partaking of
iron; containing particles of iron. Boyle.

2. Resembling iron rust in appearance or color; brownish red, or
yellowish red.

||Fer*ru"go (?), n. [L., iron rust, fr. ferrum iron.] A disease of
||plants caused by fungi, commonly called the rust, from its
||resemblance to iron rust in color.

Fer"rule (? or ?; 277), n. [Formerly verrel, F. virole, fr. L. viriola
little bracelet, dim. of viriae, pl., bracelets; prob. akin to viere to
twist, weave, and E. withe. The spelling with f is due to confusion
with L. ferrum iron.] 1. A ring or cap of metal put round a cane, tool,
handle, or other similar object, to strengthen it, or prevent splitting
and wearing.

2. (Steam Boilers) A bushing for expanding the end of a flue to fasten
it tightly in the tube plate, or for partly filling up its mouth.

Fer*ru"mi*nate (?), v. t. [L. ferruminatus, p. p. of ferruminare to
cement, solder, fr. ferrumen cement, fr. ferrum iron.] To solder or
unite, as metals. [R.] Coleridge.

Fer*ru`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. ferruminatio: cf. F. ferrumination.] The
soldering or uniting of metals. [R.] Coleridge.

Fer"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ferried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ferrying.]
[OE. ferien to convey, AS. ferian, from faran to go; akin to Icel.
ferja to ferry, Goth. farjan to sail. See Fare.] To carry or transport
over a river, strait, or other narrow water, in a boat.

Fer"ry, v. i. To pass over water in a boat or by a ferry.

    They ferry over this Lethean sound Both to and fro.


Milton.

Fer"ry, n.; pl. Ferries (#). [OE. feri; akin to Icel. ferja, Sw. f‰rja,
Dan. fÊrge, G. f‰hre. See Ferry, v. t.] 1. A place where persons or
things are carried across a river, arm of the sea, etc., in a
ferryboat.

    It can pass the ferry backward into light.


Milton.

    To row me o'er the ferry.


Campbell.

2. A vessel in which passengers and goods are conveyed over narrow
waters; a ferryboat; a wherry.

3. A franchise or right to maintain a vessel for carrying passengers
and freight across a river, bay, etc., charging tolls.

Ferry bridge, a ferryboat adapted in its structure for the transfer of
railroad trains across a river or bay. -- Ferry railway. See under
Railway.

Fer"ry*boat` (?), n. A vessel for conveying passengers, merchandise,
etc., across streams and other narrow waters.

Fer"ry*man (?), n.; pl. Ferrymen (&?;). One who maintains or attends a
ferry.

Fers (?), a. Fierce. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ferthe (?), a. Fourth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fer"tile (? or ?; 277), a. [L. fertilis, fr. ferre to bear, produce:
cf. F. fertile. See Bear to support.] 1. Producing fruit or vegetation
in abundance; fruitful; able to produce abundantly; prolific; fecund;
productive; rich; inventive; as, fertile land or fields; a fertile mind
or imagination.

    Though he in a fertile climate dwell.


Shak.

2. (Bot.) (a) Capable of producing fruit; fruit-bearing; as, fertile
flowers. (b) Containing pollen; -- said of anthers.

3. produced in abundance; plenteous; ample.

    Henceforth, my early care . . . Shall tend thee, and the fertile
    burden ease Of thy full branches.


Milton.

Syn. -- Fertile, Fruitful. Fertile implies the inherent power of
production; fruitful, the act. The prairies of the West are fertile by
nature, and are turned by cultivation into fruitful fields. The same
distinction prevails when these words are used figuratively. A man of
fertile genius has by nature great readiness of invention; one whose
mind is fruitful has resources of thought and a readiness of
application which enable him to think and act effectively.

<! p. 554 !>

Fer"tile*ly (? or ?; 277), adv. In a fertile or fruitful manner.

fer"tile*ness, n. Fertility. Sir P. Sidney.

Fer*til"i*tate (?), v. t. To fertilize; to fecundate. Sir T. Browne.

Fer*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. fertilitas: cf. F. fertilitÈ.] The state or
quality of being fertile or fruitful; fruitfulness; productiveness;
fecundity; richness; abundance of resources; fertile invention;
quickness; readiness; as, the fertility of soil, or of imagination.
"fertility of resource." E. Everett.

    And all her husbandry doth lie on heaps Corrupting in its own
    fertility.


Shak.

    Thy very weeds are beautiful; thy waste More rich than other
    climes' fertility.


Byron.

Fer`ti*li*za"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of rendering fertile.

2. (Biol.) The act of fecundating or impregnating animal or vegetable
germs; esp., the process by which in flowers the pollen renders the
ovule fertile, or an analogous process in flowerless plants;
fecundation; impregnation.

Close fertilization (Bot.), the fertilization of pistils by pollen
derived from the stamens of the same blossom. -- Cross fertilization,
fertilization by pollen from some other blossom. See under Cross, a.

Fer"ti*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fertilized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fertilizing (?).] [Cf. F. fertiliser.] 1. To make fertile or enrich; to
supply with nourishment for plants; to make fruitful or productive; as,
to fertilize land, soil, ground, and meadows.

    And fertilize the field that each pretends to gain.


Byron.

2. To fecundate; as, to fertilize flower. A. R. Wallace.

Fer"ti*lizer (?), n. 1. One who fertilizes; the agent that carries the
fertilizing principle, as a moth to an orchid. A. R. Wallace.

2. That which renders fertile; a general name for commercial manures,
as guano, phosphate of lime, etc.

||Fer"u*la (?), n. [L. ferula giant fennel (its stalks were used in
||punishing schoolboys), rod, whip, fr. ferire to strike; akin to OHG.
||berjan, Icel. berja. Cf. Ferule.] 1. A ferule. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. The imperial scepter in the Byzantine or Eastern Empire.

Fer`u*la"ceous (?), a. [L. ferulaceus, fr. ferula rod: cf. F.
fÈrulacÈ.] Pertaining to reeds and canes; having a stalk like a reed;
as, ferulaceous plants.

Fer"u*lar (?), n. A ferule. [Obs.] Milton.

Fer"ule (? or ?; 277), n. [L. ferula: cf. F. fÈrule. See Ferula.] A
flat piece of wood, used for striking, children, esp. on the hand, in
punishment.

Fer"ule (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feruled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Feruling.] To punish with a ferule.

Fe*ru"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, asafetida
(Ferula asafútida); as, ferulic acid. [Written also ferulaic.]

Fer"vence (?), n. Heat; fervency. [Obs.]

Fer"ven*cy (?), n. [Cf. OF. fervence. See Fervent.] The state of being
fervent or warm; ardor; warmth of feeling or devotion; eagerness.

    When you pray, let it be with attention, with fervency, and with
    perseverance.


Wake.

Fer"vent (?), a. [F. fervent, L. fervens, -entis. p. pr. of fervere o
the boiling hot, to boil, glow.] 1. Hot; glowing; boiling; burning; as,
a fervent summer.

    The elements shall melt with fervent heat.


2 Pet. iii. 10.

2. Warm in feeling; ardent in temperament; earnest; full of fervor;
zealous; glowing.

    Not slothful in business; fervent in spirit.


Rom. iii. 11.

    So spake the fervent angel.


Milton.

    A fervent desire to promote the happiness of mankind.


Macaulay.

-- Fer"vent*ly, adv. -- Fer"vent*ness, n.

    Laboring fervently for you in prayers.


Col. iv. 12.

Fer*ves"cent (?), a. [L. fervescens, p. pr. of fervescere to become
boiling hot, incho., fr. fervere. See Fervent.] Growing hot.

Fer"vid (?), a. [L. fervidus, fr. fervere. See Fervent.] 1. Very hot;
burning; boiling.

    The mounted sun Shot down direct his fervid rays.


Milton.

2. Ardent; vehement; zealous.

    The fervid wishes, holy fires.


Parnell.

-- Fer"vid*ly, adv. -- Fer"vid*ness, n.

Fer"vor (?), n. [Written also fervour.] [OF. fervor, fervour, F.
ferveur, L. fervor, fr. fervere. See Fervent.] 1. Heat; excessive
warmth.

    The fevor of ensuing day.


Waller.

2. Intensity of feeling or expression; glowing ardor; passion; holy
zeal; earnestness. Hooker.

    Winged with fervor of her love.


Shak.

Syn. -- Fervor, Ardor. Fervor is a boiling heat, and ardor is a burning
heat. Hence, in metaphor, we commonly use fervor and its derivatives
when we conceive of thoughts or emotions under the image of ebullition,
or as pouring themselves forth. Thus we speak of the fervor of passion,
fervid declamation, fervid importunity, fervent supplication, fervent
desires, etc. Ardent is used when we think of anything as springing
from a deepseated glow of soul; as, ardent friendship, ardent zeal,
ardent devotedness; burning with ardor for the fight.

Fes"cen*nine (?), a. [L. Fescenninus, fr. Fescennia, a city of
Etruria.] Pertaining to, or resembling, the Fescennines. -- n. A style
of low, scurrilous, obscene poetry originating in fescennia.

Fes"cue (fs"k), n. [OE. festu, OF. festu, F. fÈtu, fr. L. festuca
stalk, straw.] 1. A straw, wire, stick, etc., used chiefly to point out
letters to children when learning to read. "Pedantic fescue." Sterne.

    To come under the fescue of an imprimatur.


Milton.

2. An instrument for playing on the harp; a plectrum. [Obs.] Chapman.

3. The style of a dial. [Obs.]

4. (Bot.) A grass of the genus Festuca.

Fescue grass (Bot.), a genus of grasses (Festuca) containing several
species of importance in agriculture. Festuca ovina is sheep's fescue;
F. elatior is meadow fescue.

Fes"cue (fs"k), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Fescued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fescuing.] To use a fescue, or teach with a fescue. Milton.

Fes"els (?), n. pl. [Written also fasels.] See Phasel. [Obs.] May
(Georgics).

{ Fess, Fesse } (?), n. [OF. fesse, faisse, F. fasce, fr. L. fascia
band. See Fascia.] (Her.) A band drawn horizontally across the center
of an escutcheon, and containing in breadth the third part of it; one
of the nine honorable ordinaries.

Fess point (Her.), the exact center of the escutcheon. See Escutcheon.

Fes"si*tude (?), n. [L. fessus wearied, fatigued.] Weariness. [Obs.]
Bailey.

Fess"wise (?), adv. In the manner of fess.

Fest (?), n. [See Fist.] The fist. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Fest, Fes"te (?), n. } A feast. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fes"tal (?), a. [L. festum holiday, feast. See feast.] Of or pertaining
to a holiday or a feast; joyous; festive.

    You bless with choicer wine the festal day.


Francis.

Fes"tal*ly, adv. Joyously; festively; mirthfully.

Fes"ten*nine (?), n. A fescennine.

Fes"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Festered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Festering.] [OE. festern, fr. fester, n.; or fr. OF. festrir, fr.
festre, n. See Fester, n.] 1. To generate pus; to become imflamed and
suppurate; as, a sore or a wound festers.

    Wounds immedicable Rankle, and fester, and gangrene.


Milton.

    Unkindness may give a wound that shall bleed and smart, but it is
    treachery that makes it fester.


South.

    Hatred . . . festered in the hearts of the children of the soil.


Macaulay.

2. To be inflamed; to grow virulent, or malignant; to grow in
intensity; to rankle.

Fes`ter, v. t. To cause to fester or rankle.

    For which I burnt in inward, swelt'ring hate, And festered ranking
    malice in my breast.


Marston.

Fes"ter, n. [OF. festre, L. fistula a sort of ulcer. Cf. Fistula.] 1. A
small sore which becomes inflamed and discharges corrupt matter; a
pustule.

2. A festering or rankling.

    The fester of the chain their necks.


I. Taylor.

Fes"ter*ment (?), n. A festering. [R.] Chalmers.

Fest"eye (?), v. t. [OF. festier, festeer, F. festoyer.] To feast; to
entertain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fes"ti*nate (?), a. [L. festinatus, p. p. of festinare to hasten.]
Hasty; hurried. [Obs.] -- Fes"ti*nate*ly, adv. [Obs.] Shak.

Fes`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. festinatio.] Haste; hurry. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

Fes"ti*val (?), a. [OF. festival, fr. L. festivum festive jollity, fr.
festivus festive, gay. See Festive.] Pertaining to a fest; festive;
festal; appropriate to a festival; joyous; mirthful.

    I cannot woo in festival terms.


Shak.

Fes"ti-val, n. A time of feasting or celebration; an anniversary day of
joy, civil or religious.

    The morning trumpets festival proclaimed.


Milton.

Syn. -- Feast; banquet; carousal. See Feast.

Fes"tive (?), a. [L. festivus, fr. festum holiday, feast. See feast,
and cf. Festivous.] Pertaining to, or becoming, a feast; festal;
joyous; gay; mirthful; sportive. -- Fes"tive*ly, adv.

    The glad circle round them yield their souls To festive mirth and
    wit that knows no gall.


Thomson.

Fes*tiv"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Festivities (#). [L. festivitas: cf. F.
festivitÈ.] 1. The condition of being festive; social joy or
exhilaration of spirits at an entertaintment; joyfulness; gayety.

    The unrestrained festivity of the rustic youth.


Bp. Hurd.

2. A festival; a festive celebration. Sir T. Browne.

Fes"ti*vous (?), a. [See Festive.] Pertaining to a feast; festive. [R.]
Sir W. Scott.

Fest"lich (?), a. [See Feast, n.] Festive; fond of festive occasions.
[Obs.] "A festlich man." Chaucer.

Fes*toon" (?), n. [F. feston (cf. Sp. feston, It. festone), prob. fr.
L. festum festival. See Feast.] 1. A garland or wreath hanging in a
depending curve, used in decoration for festivals, etc.; anything
arranged in this way.

2. (Arch. & Sculp.) A carved ornament consisting of flowers, and
leaves, intermixed or twisted together, wound with a ribbon, and
hanging or depending in a natural curve. See Illust. of Bucranium.

Fes*toon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Festooned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Festooning.] To form in festoons, or to adorn with festoons.

Fes*toon"y (?), a. Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling,
festoons. Sir J. Herschel.

Fes*tu*cine (? or ?), a. [L. festula stalk, straw. Cf. Fescue.] Of a
straw color; greenish yellow. [Obs.]

    A little insect of a festucine or pale green.


Sir T. Browne.

Fes"tu*cous (?), a. Formed or consisting of straw. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

Fes"tue (?), n. [See Fescue.] A straw; a fescue. [Obs.] Holland.

Fet (?), n. [Cf. feat, F. fait, and It. fett&?; slice, G. fetzen rag,
Icel. fat garment.] A piece. [Obs.] Dryton.

Fet, v. t. [OE. fetten, feten, AS. fetian; akin to AS. fÊt a journey,
and to E. foot; cf. G. fassen to seize. &radic; 77. See Foot, and cf.
Fetch.] To fetch. [Obs.]

    And from the other fifty soon the prisoner fet.


Spenser.

Fet, p. p. of Fette. Fetched. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fe"tal (?), a. [From Fetus.] Pertaining to, or connected with, a fetus;
as, fetal circulation; fetal membranes.

Fe*ta"tion (?), n. The formation of a fetus in the womb; pregnancy.

Fetch (fch; 224), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fetched 2; p. pr. & vb. n..
Fetching.] [OE. fecchen, AS. feccan, perh. the same word as fetian; or
cf. facian to wish to get, OFries. faka to prepare. &radic; 77. Cf.
Fet, v. t.] 1. To bear toward the person speaking, or the person or
thing from whose point of view the action is contemplated; to go and
bring; to get.

    Time will run back and fetch the age of gold.


Milton.

    He called to her, and said, Fetch me, I pray thee, a little water
    in a vessel, that I may drink. And as she was going to fetch it he
    called to her, and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bred in
    thine hand.


1 Kings xvii. 11, 12.

2. To obtain as price or equivalent; to sell for.

    Our native horses were held in small esteem, and fetched low
    prices.


Macaulay.

3. To recall from a swoon; to revive; -- sometimes with to; as, to
fetch a man to.

    Fetching men again when they swoon.


Bacon.

4. To reduce; to throw.

    The sudden trip in wrestling that fetches a man to the ground.


South.

5. To bring to accomplishment; to achieve; to make; to perform, with
certain objects; as, to fetch a compass; to fetch a leap; to fetch a
sigh.

    I'll fetch a turn about the garden.


Shak.

    He fetches his blow quick and sure.


South.

6. To bring or get within reach by going; to reach; to arrive at; to
attain; to reach by sailing.

    Meantine flew our ships, and straight we fetched The siren's isle.


Chapman.

7. To cause to come; to bring to a particular state.

    They could n't fetch the butter in the churn.


W. Barnes.

To fetch a compass (Naut.), to make a sircuit; to take a circuitious
route going to a place. -- To fetch a pump, to make it draw water by
pouring water into the top and working the handle. -- To fetch headway
or sternway (Naut.), to move ahead or astern. -- To fetch out, to
develop. "The skill of the polisher fetches out the colors [of marble]"
Addison. -- To fetch up. (a) To overtake. [Obs.] "Says [the hare], I
can fetch up the tortoise when I please." L'Estrange. (b) To stop
suddenly.

fetch, v. i. To bring one's self; to make headway; to veer; as, to
fetch about; to fetch to windward. Totten.

To fetch away (Naut.), to break loose; to roll slide to leeward. -- To
fetch and carry, to serve obsequiously, like a trained spaniel.

Fetch, n. 1. A stratagem by which a thing is indirectly brought to
pass, or by which one thing seems intended and another is done; a
trick; an artifice.

    Every little fetch of wit and criticism.


South.

2. The apparation of a living person; a wraith.

    The very fetch and ghost of Mrs. Gamp.


Dickens.

Fetch candle, a light seen at night, superstitiously believed to
portend a person's death.

Fetch"er (?), n. One who fetches or brings.

Fete (ft), n. [See feat.] A feat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fete, n. pl. [See Foot.] Feet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||FÍte (ft), n. [F. See Feast.] A festival.

FÍte champÍtre (&?;) [F.], a festival or entertainment in the open air;
a rural festival.

FÍte (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. FÍted; p. pr. & vb. n. FÍting.] [Cf. F.
fÍter.] To feast; to honor with a festival.

{ Fe"tich, Fe"tish (?), n. }[F. fÈtiche, from Pg. feitiÁo, adj., n.,
sorcery, charm, fr. L. facticius made by art, artifical, factitious.
See Factitious.] 1. A material object supposed among certain African
tribes to represent in such a way, or to be so connected with, a
supernatural being, that the possession of it gives to the possessor
power to control that being.

2. Any object to which one is excessively devoted.

{ fe"tich*ism, Fe"tish*ism (? or ?); 277), n. }[Cf. F. fÈtichisme.]
[Written also feticism.] 1. The doctrine or practice of belief in
fetiches.

2. Excessive devotion to one object or one idea; abject superstition;
blind adoration.

    The real and absolute worship of fire falls into two great
    divisions, the first belonging rather to fetichism, the second to
    polytheism proper.


Tylor.

{ Fe"tich*ist, Fe"tish*ist, n. } A believer in fetiches.

    He was by nature a fetichist.


H. Holbeach.

{ Fe`tich*is"tic (?), Fe`tish*is"tic, a.} Pertaining to, or involving,
fetichism.

    A man of the fifteenth century, inheriting its strange web of
    belief and unbelief, of epicurean levity and fetichistic dread.


G. Eliot.

Fe"ti*cide (? or ?), n. [Written also fúticide.] [Fetus + L. caedere to
kill.] (Med. & Law) The act of killing the fetus in the womb; the
offense of procuring an abortion.

Fe"ti*cism (?), n. See Fetichism.

Fet"id (? or ?; 277), a. [L. fetidus, foetidus, fr. fetere, foetere, to
have an ill smell, to stink: cf. F. fÈtide.] Having an offensive smell;
stinking.

    Most putrefactions . . . smell either fetid or moldy.


Bacon.

Fet*id"i*ty (? or ?), n. Fetidness.

Fet"id*ness, n. The quality or state of being fetid.

Fe*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Fetus + -ferous.] Producing young, as animals.

<! p. 555 !>

Fe"tis (?), a. [OF. fetis, faitis. Cf. Factitious.] Neat; pretty; well
made; graceful. [Obs.]

    Full fetis was her cloak, as I was ware.


Chaucer.

Fe"tise*ly (?), adv. Neatly; gracefully; properly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fe"tish (?), n., Fe"tish*ism (&?; or &?;; 277), n., Fe`tish*is"tic
(&?;), a. See Fetich, n., Fetichism, n., Fetichistic, a.

Fet"lock (?), n. [OE. fetlak, fitlock, cf. Icel. fet pace, step, fit
webbed foot of water birds, akin to E. foot. &radic;77. See Foot.] The
cushionlike projection, bearing a tuft of long hair, on the back side
of the leg above the hoof of the horse and similar animals. Also, the
joint of the limb at this point (between the great pastern bone and the
metacarpus), or the tuft of hair.

    Their wounded steeds Fret fetlock deep in gore.


Shak.

Fe"tor (?), n. [L. fetor, foetor. See Fetid.] A strong, offensive
smell; stench; fetidness. Arbuthnot.

Fet"te (? or ?), v. t. [imp. Fette, p. p. Fet.] [See Fet, v. t.] To
fetch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fet"ter (ft"tr), n. [AS. fetor, feter; akin to OS. feters, pl., OD.
veter, OHG. fezzera, Icel. fjˆturr, L. pedica, Gr. pe`dh, and to E.
foot. &radic; 77. See Foot.] [Chiefly used in the plural, fetters.] 1.
A chain or shackle for the feet; a chain by which an animal is confined
by the foot, either made fast or disabled from free and rapid motion; a
bond; a shackle.

    [They] bound him with fetters of brass.


Judg. xvi. 21.

2. Anything that confines or restrains; a restraint.

    Passion's too fierce to be in fetters bound.


Dryden.

Fet"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fettered (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fettering.] 1. To put fetters upon; to shackle or confine the feet of
with a chain; to bind.

    My heels are fettered, but my fist is free.


Milton.

2. To restrain from motion; to impose restraints on; to confine; to
enchain; as, fettered by obligations.

    My conscience! thou art fettered More than my shanks and wrists.


Shak.

Fet"tered (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Seeming as if fettered, as the feet of
certain animals which bend backward, and appear unfit for walking.

Fet"ter*er (?), n. One who fetters. Landor.

Fet"ter*less, a. Free from fetters. Marston.

Fet"tle (?), v. t. [OE. & Prov. E., to fettle (in sense 1), fettle, n.,
order, repair, preparation, dress; prob. akin to E. fit. See Fit, a.]
1. To repair; to prepare; to put in order. [Prov. Eng.] Carlyle.

2. (Metal.) To cover or line with a mixture of ore, cinders, etc., as
the hearth of a puddling furnace.

Fet"tle, v. i. To make preparations; to put things in order; to do
trifling business. [Prov. Eng.] Bp. Hall.

Fet"tle, n. The act of fettling. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

In fine fettle, in good spirits.

Fet"tling (?), n. 1. (Metal.) A mixture of ore, cinders, etc., used to
line the hearth of a puddling furnace. [Eng.] [It is commonly called
fix in the United States.]

2. (Pottery) The operation of shaving or smoothing the surface of
undried clay ware.

Fet"u*ous (?), a. Neat; feat. [Obs.] Herrick.

Fe"tus (?), n.; pl. Fetuses (#). [L. fetus, foetus, a bringing forth,
brood, offspring, young ones, cf. fetus fruitful, fructified, that is
or was filled with young; akin to E. fawn a deer, fecundity, felicity,
feminine, female, and prob. to do, or according to others, to be.] The
young or embryo of an animal in the womb, or in the egg; often
restricted to the later stages in the development of viviparous and
oviparous animals, embryo being applied to the earlier stages. [Written
also fútus.]

||Fet"wah (?), n. [Ar.] A written decision of a Turkish mufti on some
||point of law. Whitworth.

Feu (?), n. [See 2d Feud, and Fee.] (Scots Law) A free and gratuitous
right to lands made to one for service to be performed by him; a tenure
where the vassal, in place of military services, makes a return in
grain or in money. Burrill.

Feu"ar (?), n. [From Feu.] (Scots Law) One who holds a feu. Sir W.
Scott.

Feud (fd), n. [OE. feide, AS. fh, fr. fh hostile; akin to OHG. fhida,
G. fehde, Sw. fejd, D. feide; prob. akin to E. fiend. See Foe.] 1. A
combination of kindred to avenge injuries or affronts, done or offered
to any of their blood, on the offender and all his race.

2. A contention or quarrel; especially, an inveterate strife between
families, clans, or parties; deadly hatred; contention satisfied only
by bloodshed.

    Mutual feuds and battles betwixt their several tribes and kindreds.


Purchas.

Syn. -- Affray; fray; broil; contest; dispute; strife.

Feud, n. [LL. feudum, feodum prob. of same origin as E. fief. See Fief,
Fee.] (Law) A stipendiary estate in land, held of superior, by service;
the right which a vassal or tenant had to the lands or other immovable
thing of his lord, to use the same and take the profists thereof
hereditarily, rendering to his superior such duties and services as
belong to military tenure, etc., the property of the soil always
remaining in the lord or superior; a fief; a fee.

Feu"dal (?), a. [F. fÈodal, or LL. feudalis.] 1. Of or pertaining to
feuds, fiefs, or feels; as, feudal rights or services; feudal tenures.

2. Consisting of, or founded upon, feuds or fiefs; embracing tenures by
military services; as, the feudal system.

Feu"dal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. fÈodalisme.] The feudal system; a system by
which the holding of estates in land is made dependent upon an
obligation to render military service to the kind or feudal superior;
feudal principles and usages.

Feu"dal*ist, n. An upholder of feudalism.

Feu*dal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fÈodalitÈ.] The state or quality of being
feudal; feudal form or constitution. Burke.

Feu`dal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of reducing to feudal tenure.

Feu"dal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Feudalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Feudalizing (?).] To reduce to a feudal tenure; to conform to
feudalism.

Feu"dal*ly, adv. In a feudal manner.

Feu"da*ry (?), a. [LL. feudarius, fr. feudum. See 2d Feud.] Held by, or
pertaining to, feudal tenure.

Feu"da*ry, n. 1. A tenant who holds his lands by feudal service; a
feudatory. Foxe.

2. A feodary. See Feodary.

Feu"da*ta*ry (?), a. & n. [LL. feudatarius: cf. F. feudataire.] See
Feudatory.

Feu"da*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Feudatories (&?;). A tenant or vassal who
held his lands of a superior on condition of feudal service; the tenant
of a feud or fief.

    The grantee . . . was styled the feudatory or vassal.


Blackstone.

    [He] had for feudatories great princes.


J. H. Newman.

Feu"da*to*ry, a. Held from another on some conditional tenure; as, a
feudatory title. Bacon.

||Feu` de joie" (?). [F., lit., fire of joy.] A fire kindled in a
||public place in token of joy; a bonfire; a firing of guns in token of
||joy.

Feud"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. feudiste.] A writer on feuds; a person versed
in feudal law. Spelman.

||Feu`illants" (?), n. pl. A reformed branch of the Bernardines,
||founded in 1577 at Feuillans, near Toulouse, in France.

Feuille"mort` (?), a. [F. feuille morte a dead leaf.] Having the color
of a faded leaf. Locke.

||Feu`ille*ton" (? or ?), n. [F., from feulle leaf.] A part of a French
||newspaper (usually the bottom of the page), devoted to light
||literature, criticism, etc.; also, the article or tale itself, thus
||printed.

Feuill"ton*ist (?), n. [F. feuilletoniste.] A writer of feuilletons. F.
Harrison.

feu"ter (&?;), v. t. [OE. feutre rest for a lance, OF. feutre, fautre,
feltre, felt, cushion, rest for a lance, fr. LL. filtrum, feltrum; of
German origin, and akin to E. felt. See Felt, and cf. Filter.] To set
close; to fix in rest, as a spear. Spenser.

Feu"ter*er (?), n. [Either fr. G. f¸tterer feeder, or corrupted fr. OF.
vautrier, vaultrier; fr. vaultre, viautre, a kind of hound, fr. L.
vertragus, vertraga, a greyhound. The last is of Celtic origin.] A dog
keeper. [Obs.] Massinger.

Fe"ver (?), n. [OE. fever, fefer, AS. fefer, fefor, L. febris: cf. F.
fiËvre. Cf. Febrile.] 1. (Med.) A diseased state of the system, marked
by increased heat, acceleration of the pulse, and a general derangement
of the functions, including usually, thirst and loss of appetite. Many
diseases, of which fever is the most prominent symptom, are denominated
fevers; as, typhoid fever; yellow fever.

Remitting fevers subside or abate at intervals; intermitting fevers
intermit or entirely cease at intervals; continued or continual fevers
neither remit nor intermit.

2. Excessive excitement of the passions in consequence of strong
emotion; a condition of great excitement; as, this quarrel has set my
blood in a fever.

    An envious fever Of pale and bloodless emulation.


Shak.

    After life's fitful fever he sleeps well.


Shak.

Brain fever, Continued fever, etc. See under Brain, Continued, etc. --
Fever and ague, a form of fever recurring in paroxysms which are
preceded by chills. It is of malarial origin. -- Fever blister (Med.),
a blister or vesicle often found about the mouth in febrile states; a
variety of herpes. -- Fever bush (Bot.), the wild allspice or spice
bush. See Spicewood. -- Fever powder. Same as Jame's powder. -- Fever
root (Bot.), an American herb of the genus Triosteum (T. perfoliatum);
-- called also feverwort amd horse gentian. -- Fever sore, a carious
ulcer or necrosis. Miner.

Fe"ver, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fevered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fevering.] To
put into a fever; to affect with fever; as, a fevered lip. [R.]

    The white hand of a lady fever thee.


Shak.

Fe"ver*et (?), n. A slight fever. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Fe"ver*few (?), n. [AS. feferfuge, fr. L. febrifugia. See fever,
Fugitive, and cf. Febrifuge.] (Bot.) A perennial plant (Pyrethrum, or
Chrysanthemum, Parthenium) allied to camomile, having finely divided
leaves and white blossoms; -- so named from its supposed febrifugal
qualities.

Fe"ver*ish, a. 1. Having a fever; suffering from, or affected with, a
moderate degree of fever; showing increased heat and thirst; as, the
patient is feverish.

2. Indicating, or pertaining to, fever; characteristic of a fever; as,
feverish symptoms.

3. Hot; sultry. "The feverish north." Dryden.

4. Disordered as by fever; excited; restless; as, the feverish
condition of the commercial world.

    Strive to keep up a frail and feverish bing.


Milton.

-- Fe"ver*ish*ly, adv. -- Fe"ver*ish*ness, n.

Fe"ver*ous (?), a. [Cf.F. fiÈvreux.] 1. Affected with fever or ague;
feverish.

    His heart, love's feverous citadel.


Keats.

2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fever; as, a feverous pulse.

    All maladies . . . all feverous kinds.


Milton.

3. Having the tendency to produce fever; as, a feverous disposition of
the year. [R.] Bacon.

Fe"ver*ous*ly, adv. Feverishly. [Obs.] Donne.

Fe"ver*wort` (?), n. See Fever root, under Fever.

Fe"ver*y (?), a. Feverish. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Few (f), a. [Compar. Fewer (?); superl. Fewest.] [OE. fewe, feawe, AS.
fe·, pl. fe·we; akin to OS. fh, OHG. f fao, Icel. fr, Sw. fÂ, pl., Dan.
faa, pl., Goth. faus, L. paucus, cf. Gr. pay^ros. Cf. Paucity.] Not
many; small, limited, or confined in number; -- indicating a small
portion of units or individuals constituing a whole; often, by ellipsis
of a noun, a few people. "Are not my days few?" Job x. 20.

    Few know and fewer care.


Proverb.

Few is often used partitively; as, few of them.

A few, a small number. -- In few, in a few words; briefly. Shak.

-- No few, not few; more than a few; many. Cowper.

-- The few, the minority; -- opposed to the many or the majority.

Fe"wel (?), n. [See Fuel.] Fuel. [Obs.] Hooker.

Few"met (?), n. See Fumet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Few"ness, n. 1. The state of being few; smallness of number; paucity.
Shak.

2. Brevity; conciseness. [Obs.] Shak.

Fey (?), a. [AS. f&?;ga, Icel. feigr, OHG. feigi.] Fated; doomed. [Old
Eng. & Scot.]

Fey (?), n. [See Fay faith.] Faith. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fey (?), v. t. [Cf. Feague.] To cleanse; to clean out. [Obs.] Tusser.

Feyne (?), v. t. To feign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Feyre (?), n. A fair or market. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fez (?), n. [F., fr. the town of Fez in Morocco.] A felt or cloth cap,
usually red and having a tassel, -- a variety of the tarboosh. See
Tarboosh. B. Taylor.

||Fia"cre (?), n. [F.] A kind of French hackney coach.

Fi"ance (?), v. t. [F. fiancer. See Affiance.] To betroth; to affiance.
[Obs.] Harmar.

||Fi`an`cÈ" (?), n. [F.] A betrothed man.

||Fi`an`cÈe" (?), n. [F.] A betrothed woman.

Fi"ants (?), n. [F. fiente dung.] The dung of the fox, wolf, boar, or
badger.

Fi"ar (? or ?), n. [See Feuar.] 1. (Scots Law) One in whom the property
of an estate is vested, subject to the estate of a life renter.

    I am fiar of the lands; she a life renter.


Sir W. Scott.

2. pl. The price of grain, as legally fixed, in the counties of
Scotland, for the current year.

||Fi*as"co (?), n.; pl. Fiascoes (#). [It.] A complete or ridiculous
||failure, esp. of a musical performance, or of any pretentious
||undertaking.

Fi"at (?), n. [L., let it be done, 3d pers. sing., subj. pres., fr.
fieri, used as pass. of facere to make. Cf. Be.] 1. An authoritative
command or order to do something; an effectual decree.

    His fiat laid the corner stone.


Willis.

2. (Eng. Law) (a) A warrant of a judge for certain processes. (b) An
authority for certain proceedings given by the Lord Chancellor's
signature.

Fiat money, irredeemable paper currency, not resting on a specie basis,
but deriving its purchasing power from the declaratory fiat of the
government issuing it.

Fi*aunt" (?), n. Commission; fiat; order; decree. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fib (?), n. [Prob. fr. fable; cf. Prov. E. fibble-fabble nonsense.] A
falsehood; a lie; -- used euphemistically.

    They are very serious; they don't tell fibs.


H. James.

Fib, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fibbing (?).] To
speak falsely. [Colloq.]

Fib, v. t. To tell a fib to. [R.] De Quincey.

Fib"ber (?), n. One who tells fibs.

{ Fi"ber, Fi"bre }, (&?;), n. [F. fibre, L. fibra.] 1. One of the
delicate, threadlike portions of which the tissues of plants and
animals are in part constituted; as, the fiber of flax or of muscle.

2. Any fine, slender thread, or threadlike substance; as, a fiber of
spun glass; especially, one of the slender rootlets of a plant.

3. Sinew; strength; toughness; as, a man of real fiber.

    Yet had no fibers in him, nor no force.


Chapman.

4. A general name for the raw material, such as cotton, flax, hemp,
etc., used in textile manufactures.

Fiber gun, a kind of steam gun for converting, wood, straw, etc., into
fiber. The material is shut up in the gun with steam, air, or gas at a
very high pressure which is afterward relieved suddenly by letting a
lid at the muzzle fly open, when the rapid expansion separates the
fibers. -- Fiber plants (Bot.), plants capable of yielding fiber useful
in the arts, as hemp, flax, ramie, agave, etc.

{ Fi"bered, Fi"bred } (?), a. Having fibers; made up of fibers.

{ Fi"ber-faced`, Fi"bre-faced` } (?), a. Having a visible fiber
embodied in the surface of; -- applied esp. to a kind of paper for
checks, drafts, etc.

{ Fi"ber*less, Fi"bre*less }, a. Having no fibers; destitute of fibers
or fiber.

Fi"bri*form (? or ?), a. [L. fibra a fiber + -form.] (Biol.) Having the
form of a fiber or fibers; resembling a fiber.

Fi"bril (?), n. [F. fibrille, dim. of fibre, L. fibra.] A small fiber;
the branch of a fiber; a very slender thread; a fibrilla. Cheyne.

||Fi*bril"la (?), n.; pl. Fibrill∆ (#). [NL. See Fibril.] A minute
||thread or fiber, as one of the fibrous elements of a muscular fiber;
||a fibril.

Fi"bril*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to fibrils or fibers; as,
fibrillar twitchings.

Fi"bril*la*ry (? or ?), a. Of of pertaining to fibrils.

Fi"bril*la`ted (? or ?), a. Furnished with fibrils; fringed.

Fi`bril*la"tion (?), n. The state of being reduced to fibers.
Carpenter.

Fi*bril"lose (? or ?), a. Covered with hairlike appendages, as the
under surface of some lichens; also, composed of little strings or
fibers; as, fibrillose appendages.

<! p. 556 !>

Fi*bril"lous (? or ?), a. [Cf. F. fibraleux.] Pertaining to, or
composed of, fibers.

Fi"brin (?), n. [Cf. F. fibrine. See Fiber.] (Physiol. Chem.) 1. A
white, albuminous, fibrous substance, formed in the coagulation of the
blood either by decomposition of fibrinogen, or from the union of
fibrinogen and paraglobulin which exist separately in the blood. It is
insoluble in water, but is readily digestible in gastric and pancreatic
juice.

2. The white, albuminous mass remaining after washing lean beef or
other meat with water until all coloring matter is removed; the fibrous
portion of the muscle tissue; flesh fibrin.

3. An albuminous body, resembling animal fibrin in composition, found
in cereal grains and similar seeds; vegetable fibrin.

Fibrin factors (Physiol.), the albuminous bodies, paraglobulin and
fibrinigen in the blood, which, by the action of the fibrin ferment,
are changed into fibrin, in coagulation. -- Fibrin ferment (Physiol.
Chem.), a ferment which makes its appearance in the blood shortly after
it is shed, and is supposed to be the active agent in causing
coagulation of the blood, with formation of fibrin.

Fi`bri*na"tion (?), n. (Med.) The state of acquiring or having an
excess of fibrin.

Fi"brine (?), a. Belonging to the fibers of plants.

Fi*brin"o*gen (?), n. [Fibrin + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous
substance existing in the blood, and in other animal fluids, which
either alone or with fibrinoplastin or paraglobulin forms fibrin, and
thus causes coagulation.

Fi`bri*nog"e*nous (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Possessed of properties
similar to fibrinogen; capable of forming fibrin.

Fi`bri*no*plas"tic (?), a. (Physiol.Chem.) Like fibrinoplastin; capable
of forming fibrin when brought in contact with fibrinogen.

Fi`bri*no*plas"tin (?), n. [Fibrin + Gr. &?; to form, mold.]
(Physiol.Chem.) An albuminous substance, existing in the blood, which
in combination with fibrinogen forms fibrin; -- called also
paraglobulin.

Fi"bri*nous (? or ?; 277), a. Having, or partaking of the properties
of, fibrin; as, fibrious exudation.

Fi`bro*car"ti*lage (?), n. [L. fibra a fiber + E. cartilage.] (Anat.) A
kind of cartilage with a fibrous matrix and approaching fibrous
connective tissue in structure. -- Fi`bro*car`ti*lag"i*nous (#), a.

Fi`bro*chon*dros"te*al (?), a. [L. fibra a fiber + gr. &?; cartilage +
&?; bone.] (Anat.) Partly fibrous, partly cartilaginous, and partly
osseous. St. George Mivart.

Fi"broid (?), a. [L. fibra a fiber + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling or
forming fibrous tissue; made up of fibers; as, fibroid tumors. - - n. A
fibroid tumor; a fibroma.

Fibroid degeneration, a form of degeneration in which organs or tissues
are converted into fibroid tissue. -- Fibroid phthists, a form of
pulmonary consumption associated with the formation of fibrous tissue
in the lungs, and the gradual atrophy of the lungs, from the pressure
due to the contraction of this tissue.

Fi"bro*in (? or ?), n. [L. fibra a fiber.] (Chem.) A variety of
gelatin; the chief ingredient of raw silk, extracted as a white
amorphous mass.

Fi"bro*lite (? or ?), n. [L. fibra a fiber + -lite: cf. F. fibrolithe.]
(Min.) A silicate of alumina, of fibrous or columnar structure. It is
like andalusite in composition; -- called also sillimanite, and
bucholizite.

||Fi*bro"ma (?), n. [NL. See Fiber, and -oma.] (Med.) A tumor
||consisting mainly of fibrous tissue, or of same modification of such
||tissue.

||Fi`bro*spon"gi*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. fibra a fiber + spongia a
||sponge.] (Zoˆl.) An order of sponges having a fibrous skeleton,
||including the commercial sponges.

Fi"brous (?), a. [Cf. F. fibreux.] Containing, or consisting of,
fibers; as, the fibrous coat of the cocoanut; the fibrous roots of
grasses. -- Fi"brous*ness, n.

Fi`bro*vas"cu*lar (?), a. [L. fibra a fiber + E. vascular.] (Bot.)
Containing woody fiber and ducts, as the stems of all flowering plants
and ferns; -- opposed to cellular.

Fib"ster (?), n. One who tells fibs. [Jocular]

||Fib"u*la (?), n.; pl. Fibul∆ (#). [L., clasp, buckle.] 1. A brooch,
||clasp, or buckle.

    Mere fibulÊ, without a robe to clasp.


Wordsworth.

2. (Anat.) The outer and usually the smaller of the two bones of the
leg, or hind limb, below the knee.

3. (Surg.) A needle for sewing up wounds.

Fib"u-lar (?), a. Pertaining to the fibula.

||Fib`u*la"re (?), n.; pl. Fibularia (#). [NL. See Fibula.] (Anat.) The
||bone or cartilage of the tarsus, which articulates with the fibula,
||and corresponds to the calcaneum in man and most mammals.

Fice (?), n. A small dog; -- written also fise, fyce, fiste, etc.
[Southern U.S.]

Fi*chÈ (?), a. (Her.) See Fitch….

Fich"tel*ite (?), n. (Min.) A white crystallized mineral resin from the
Fichtelgebirge, Bavaria.

Fich"u (?), n. [F., neckerchief.] A light cape, usually of lace, worn
by women, to cover the neck and throat, and extending to the shoulders.

Fic"kle (?), a. [OE. fikel untrustworthy, deceitful, AS. ficol, fr.
fic, gefic, fraud, deceit; cf. fcen deceit, OS. f&?;kn, OHG. feichan,
Icel. feikn portent. Cf. Fidget.] Not fixed or firm; liable to change;
unstable; of a changeable mind; not firm in opinion or purpose;
inconstant; capricious; as, Fortune's fickle wheel. Shak.

    They know how fickle common lovers are.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Wavering; irresolute; unsettled; vacillating; unstable;
inconsonant; unsteady; variable; mutable; changeful; capricious;
veering; shifting.

Fic"kle*ness (?), n. The quality of being fickle; instability;
inconsonancy. Shak.

Fic"kly (?), adv. In a fickle manner. [Obs.] Pepys.

||Fi"co (?), n.; pl. Ficoes (#). [It., a fig, fr. L. ficus. See Fig.] A
||fig; an insignificant trifle, no more than the snap of one's thumb; a
||sign of contempt made by the fingers, expressing. A fig for you.

    Steal! foh, a fico for the phrase.


Shak.

Fic"tile (?), a. [L. fictilis. See Fiction.] Molded, or capable of
being molded, into form by art; relating to pottery or to molding in
any soft material.

    Fictile earth is more fragile than crude earth.


Bacon.

    The earliest specimens of Italian fictile art.


C. Wordsworth.

Fictile ware, ware made of any material which is molded or shaped while
soft; hence, pottery of any sort.

-- Fic"tile*ness, n. -- Fic*til"i*ty (#), n.

Fic"tion (?), n. [F. fiction, L. fictio, fr. fingere, fictum to form,
shape, invent, feign. See Feign.] 1. The act of feigning, inventing, or
imagining; as, by a mere fiction of the mind. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. That which is feigned, invented, or imagined; especially, a feigned
or invented story, whether oral or written. Hence: A story told in
order to deceive; a fabrication; -- opposed to fact, or reality.

    The fiction of those golden apples kept by a dragon.


Sir W. Raleigh.

    When it could no longer be denied that her flight had been
    voluntary, numerous fictions were invented to account for it.


Macaulay.

3. Fictitious literature; comprehensively, all works of imagination;
specifically, novels and romances.

    The office of fiction as a vehicle of instruction and moral
    elevation has been recognized by most if not all great educators.


Dict. of Education.

4. (Law) An assumption of a possible thing as a fact, irrespective of
the question of its truth. Wharton.

5. Any like assumption made for convenience, as for passing more
rapidly over what is not disputed, and arriving at points really at
issue.

Syn. -- Fabrication; invention; fable; falsehood. -- Fiction,
Fabrication. Fiction is opposed to what is real; fabrication to what is
true. Fiction is designed commonly to amuse, and sometimes to instruct;
a fabrication is always intended to mislead and deceive. In the novels
of Sir Walter Scott we have fiction of the highest order. The poems of
Ossian, so called, were chiefly fabrications by Macpherson.

Fic"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, fiction;
fictitious; romantic."Fictional rather than historical." Latham.

Fic"tion*ist, n. A writer of fiction. [R.] Lamb.

Fic"tious (?), a. Fictitious. [R.] Prior.

Fic*ti"tious (?), a. [L. fictitius. See Fiction.] Feigned; imaginary;
not real; fabulous; counterfeit; false; not genuine; as, fictitious
fame.

    The human persons are as fictitious as the airy ones.


Pope.

-- Fic*ti"tious*ly, adv. -- Fic*ti"tious*ness, n.

Fic"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. fictif.] Feigned; counterfeit. "The fount of
fictive tears." Tennyson.

Fic"tor (?), n. [L.] An artist who models or forms statues and reliefs
in any plastic material. [R.] Elmes.

||Fi"cus (?), n. [L., a fig.] A genus of trees or shrubs, one species
||of which (F. Carica) produces the figs of commerce; the fig tree.

Ficus Indica is the banyan tree; F. religiosa, the peepul tree; F.
elastica, the India-rubber tree.

Fid (?), n. [Prov. E. fid a small, thick lump.] 1. (Naut.) A square bar
of wood or iron, used to support the topmast, being passed through a
hole or mortise at its heel, and resting on the trestle trees.

2. A wooden or metal bar or pin, used to support or steady anything.

3. A pin of hard wood, tapering to a point, used to open the strands of
a rope in splicing.

There are hand fids and standing fids (which are larger than the
others, and stand upon a flat base). An iron implement for this purpose
is called a marline spike.

4. (Mil.) A block of wood used in mounting and dismounting heavy guns.

Fi*dal"go (?), n. [Pg. See Hidalgo.] The lowest title of nobility in
Portugal, corresponding to that of Hidalgo in Spain.

Fid"dle (fd"d'l), n. [OE. fidele, fithele, AS. fiele; akin to D.
vedel, OHG. fidula, G. fiedel, Icel. fila, and perh. to E. viol. Cf.
Viol.] 1. (Mus.) A stringed instrument of music played with a bow; a
violin; a kit.

2. (Bot.) A kind of dock (Rumex pulcher) with fiddle-shaped leaves; --
called also fiddle dock.

3. (Naut.) A rack or frame of bars connected by strings, to keep table
furniture in place on the cabin table in bad weather. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Fiddle beetle (Zoˆl.), a Japanese carabid beetle (Damaster blaptoides);
-- so called from the form of the body. -- Fiddle block (Naut.), a long
tackle block having two sheaves of different diameters in the same
plane, instead of side by side as in a common double block. Knight. --
Fiddle bow, fiddlestick. -- Fiddle fish (Zoˆl.), the angel fish. --
Fiddle head, an ornament on a ship's bow, curved like the volute or
scroll at the head of a violin. -- Fiddle pattern, a form of the
handles of spoons, forks, etc., somewhat like a violin. -- Scotch
fiddle, the itch. (Low) -- To play first, or second, fiddle, to take a
leading or a subordinate part. [Colloq.]

Fid"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fiddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fiddling
(?).] 1. To play on a fiddle.

    Themistocles . . . said he could not fiddle, but he could make a
    small town a great city.


Bacon.

2. To keep the hands and fingers actively moving as a fiddler does; to
move the hands and fingers restlessy or in busy idleness; to trifle.

    Talking, and fiddling with their hats and feathers.


Pepys.

Fid"dle (?), v. t. To play (a tune) on a fiddle.

Fid"dle*dee*dee` (?), interj. An exclamatory word or phrase, equivalent
to nonsense! [Colloq.]

Fid"dle-fad`dle (?), n. A trifle; trifling talk; nonsense. [Colloq.]
Spectator.

Fid"dle-fad`dle, v. i. To talk nonsense. [Colloq.] Ford.

Fid"dler (?), n. [AS. fielere.] 1. One who plays on a fiddle or
violin.

2. (Zoˆl.) A burrowing crab of the genus Gelasimus, of many species.
The male has one claw very much enlarged, and often holds it in a
position similar to that in which a musician holds a fiddle, hence the
name; -- called also calling crab, soldier crab, and fighting crab.

3. (Zoˆl.) The common European sandpiper (Tringoides hypoleucus); -- so
called because it continually oscillates its body.

Fiddler crab. (Zoˆl.) See Fiddler, n., 2.

Fid"dle-shaped` (?), a. (Bot.) Inversely ovate, with a deep hollow on
each side. Gray.

Fid"dle*stick` (?), n. The bow, strung with horsehair, used in playing
the fiddle; a fiddle bow.

Fid"dle*string` (?), n. One of the catgut strings of a fiddle.

Fid"dle*wood` (?), n. [Corrupted fr. F. bois-fidËle, lit., faithful
wood; -- so called from its durability.] The wood of several West
Indian trees, mostly of the genus Citharexylum.

Fi`de*jus"sion (?), n. [L. fidejussio, from fidejubere to be surety or
bail; fides faith + jubere to order: cf. F. fidÈjussion.] (Civil Law)
The act or state of being bound as surety for another; suretyship.

Fi`de*jus"sor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. fidÈjusseur.] (Civil Law) A surety;
one bound for another, conjointly with him; a guarantor. Blackstone.

Fi*del"i*ty (?), n. [L. fidelitas: cf. F. fidÈlitÈ. See Fealty.]
Faithfulness; adherence to right; careful and exact observance of duty,
or discharge of obligations. Especially: (a) Adherence to a person or
party to which one is bound; loyalty.

    Whose courageous fidelity was proof to all danger.


Macaulay.

    The best security for the fidelity of men is to make interest
    coincide with duty.


A. Hamilton.

(b) Adherence to the marriage contract. (c) Adherence to truth;
veracity; honesty.

    The principal thing required in a witness is fidelity.


Hooker.

Syn. -- Faithfulness; honesty; integrity; faith; loyalty; fealty.

||Fi"des (?), n. [L., faith.] (Roman Muth.) Faith personified as a
||goddess; the goddess of faith.

Fidge (fj), n. & v. i. See Fidget. [R.] Swift.

Fidg"et (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fidgeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fodgeting.]
[From Fidge; cf. OE. fiken to fidget, to flatter, Icel. fika to hasten,
Sw. fika to hunt after, AS. befician to deceive. Cf. Fickle.] To move
uneasily one way and the other; to move irregularly, or by fits and
starts. Moore.

Fidg"et, n. 1. Uneasiness; restlessness. Cowper.

2. pl. A general nervous restlessness, manifested by incessant changes
of position; dysphoria. Dunglison.

Fidg"et*i*ness (?), n. Quality of being fidgety.

Fidg"et*y (?), a. Restless; uneasy. Lowell.

||Fid"i*a (?), n. [NL., prob. fr. L. fidus trusty.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||small beetles, of which one species (the grapevine Fidia, F.
||longipes) is very injurious to vines in America.

Fi*dic"i*nal (?), a. [L. fidicinus, fr. fidicen, -inis, a lute player.]
(Mus.) Of or pertaining to a stringed instrument.

Fi*du"cial (?), a. [L. fiducia trust, confidence; akin to fides faith.
See Faith.] 1. Having faith or trust; confident; undoubting; firm.
"Fiducial reliance on the promises of God." Hammond.

2. Having the nature of a trust; fiduciary; as, fiducial power.
Spelman.

Fiducial edge (Astron. & Surv.), the straight edge of the alidade or
ruler along which a straight line is to be drawn. -- Fiducial line or
point (Math. & Physics.), a line or point of reference, as for setting
a graduated circle or scale used for measurments.

Fi*du"cial*ly, adv. With confidence. South.

Fi*du"ci*a*ry (? or ?), a. [L. fiduciarus, fr. fiducia: cf. F.
fiduciaire. See Fiducial.] 1. Involving confidence or trust; confident;
undoubting; faithful; firm; as, in a fiduciary capacity. "Fiduciary
obedience." Howell.

2. Holding, held, or founded, in trust. Spelman.

Fi*du"ci*a*ry, n. 1. One who holds a thing in trust for another; a
trustee.

    Instrumental to the conveying God's blessing upon those whose
    fiduciaries they are.


Jer. Taylor.

2. (Theol.) One who depends for salvation on faith, without works; an
Antinomian. Hammond.

Fie (?), interj. [OE. fi; cf. D. fif. G. pfui, Icel. f&?;, Sw. & Dan.
fy, F. fi, L. fi, phy.] An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike.
See Fy. Fuller.

Fief (?), n. [F. fief; of German origin, and the same word as E. fee.
See Fee, and cf. Feud, a tief.] (Law) An estate held of a superior on
condition of military service; a fee; a feud. See under Benefice, n.,
2.

<! p. 557 !>

Field (fld), n. [OE. feld, fild, AS. feld; akin to D. veld, G. feld,
Sw. f‰lt, Dan. felt, Icel. fold field of grass, AS. folde earth, land,
ground, OS. folda.] 1. Cleared land; land suitable for tillage or
pasture; cultivated ground; the open country.

2. A piece of land of considerable size; esp., a piece inclosed for
tillage or pasture.

    Fields which promise corn and wine.


Byron.

3. A place where a battle is fought; also, the battle itself.

    In this glorious and well-foughten field.


Shak.

    What though the field be lost?


Milton.

4. An open space; an extent; an expanse. Esp.: (a) Any blank space or
ground on which figures are drawn or projected. (b) The space covered
by an optical instrument at one view.

    Without covering, save yon field of stars.


Shak.

    Ask of yonder argent fields above.


Pope.

5. (Her.) The whole surface of an escutcheon; also, so much of it is
shown unconcealed by the different bearings upon it. See Illust. of
Fess, where the field is represented as gules (red), while the fess is
argent (silver).

6. An unresticted or favorable opportunity for action, operation, or
achievement; province; room.

    Afforded a clear field for moral experiments.


Macaulay.

7. A collective term for all the competitors in any outdoor contest or
trial, or for all except the favorites in the betting.

8. (Baseball) That part of the grounds reserved for the players which
is outside of the diamond; -- called also outfield.

Field is often used adjectively in the sense of belonging to, or used
in, the fields; especially with reference to the operations and
equipments of an army during a campaign away from permanent camps and
fortifications. In most cases such use of the word is sufficiently
clear; as, field battery; field fortification; field gun; field
hospital, etc. A field geologist, naturalist, etc., is one who makes
investigations or collections out of doors. A survey uses a field book
for recording field notes, i.e., measurment, observations, etc., made
in field work (outdoor operations). A farmer or planter employs field
hands, and may use a field roller or a field derrick. Field sports are
hunting, fishing, athletic games, etc.

Coal field (Geol.) See under Coal. -- Field artillery, light ordnance
mounted on wheels, for the use of a marching army. -- Field basil
(Bot.), a plant of the Mint family (Calamintha Acinos); -- called also
basil thyme. -- Field colors (Mil.), small flags for marking out the
positions for squadrons and battalions; camp colors. -- Field cricket
(Zoˆl.), a large European cricket (Gryllus campestric), remarkable for
its loud notes. -- Field day. (a) A day in the fields. (b) (Mil.) A day
when troops are taken into the field for instruction in evolutions.
Farrow. (c) A day of unusual exertion or display; a gala day. -- Field
driver, in New England, an officer charged with the driving of stray
cattle to the pound. - - Field duck (Zoˆl.), the little bustard (Otis
tetrax), found in Southern Europe. -- Field glass. (Optics) (a) A
binocular telescope of compact form; a lorgnette; a race glass. (b) A
small achromatic telescope, from 20 to 24 inches long, and having 3 to
6 draws. (c) See Field lens. -- Field lark. (Zoˆl.) (a) The skylark.
(b) The tree pipit. -- Field lens (Optics), that one of the two lenses
forming the eyepiece of an astronomical telescope or compound
microscope which is nearer the object glass; -- called also field
glass. -- Field madder (Bot.), a plant (Sherardia arvensis) used in
dyeing. -- Field marshal (Mil.), the highest military rank conferred in
the British and other European armies. -- Field mouse (Zoˆl.), a mouse
inhabiting fields, as the campagnol and the deer mouse. See Campagnol,
and Deer mouse. -- Field officer (Mil.), an officer above the rank of
captain and below that of general. -- Field officer's court (U.S.Army),
a court-martial consisting of one field officer empowered to try all
cases, in time of war, subject to jurisdiction of garrison and
regimental courts. Farrow. -- Field plover (Zoˆl.), the black-bellied
plover (Charadrius squatarola); also sometimes applied to the
Bartramian sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda). -- Field spaniel (Zoˆl.),
a small spaniel used in hunting small game. -- Field sparrow. (Zoˆl.)
(a) A small American sparrow (Spizella pusilla). (b) The hedge sparrow.
[Eng.] -- Field staff> (Mil.), a staff formerly used by gunners to hold
a lighted match for discharging a gun. -- Field vole (Zoˆl.), the
European meadow mouse. -- Field of ice, a large body of floating ice; a
pack. -- Field, or Field of view, in a telescope or microscope, the
entire space within which objects are seen. -- Field magnet. see under
Magnet. -- Magnetic field. See Magnetic. -- To back the field, or To
bet on the field. See under Back, v. t. -- To keep the field. (a)
(Mil.) To continue a campaign. (b) To maintain one's ground against all
comers. -- To lay, or back, against the field, to bet on (a horse,
etc.) against all comers. -- To take the field (Mil.), to enter upon a
campaign.

Field (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fielded; p. pr. & vb. n. Fielding.] 1.
To take the field. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (Ball Playing) To stand out in the field, ready to catch, stop, or
throw the ball.

Field, v. t. (Ball Playing) To catch, stop, throw, etc. (the ball), as
a fielder.

Field"ed, a. Engaged in the field; encamped. [Obs.]

    To help fielded friends.


Shak.

Field"en (?), a. Consisting of fields. [Obs.]

    The fielden country also and plains.


Holland.

Field"er (?), n. (Ball Playing) A ball payer who stands out in the
field to catch or stop balls.

Field"fare` (?; 277), n. [OE. feldfare, AS. feldfare; field + faran to
travel.] (Zoˆl.) a small thrush (Turdus pilaris) which breeds in
northern Europe and winters in Great Britain. The head, nape, and lower
part of the back are ash-colored; the upper part of the back and wing
coverts, chestnut; -- called also fellfare.

Field"ing, n. (Ball Playing) The act of playing as a fielder.

Field"piece` (?), n. A cannon mounted on wheels, for the use of a
marching army; a piece of field artillery; -- called also field gun.

Field"work` (?), n. (Mil.) Any temporary fortification thrown up by an
army in the field; - - commonly in the plural.

    All works which do not come under the head of permanent
    fortification are called fieldworks.


Wilhelm.

Field"y (?), a. Open, like a field. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Fiend (?), n. [OE. fend, find, fiend, feond, fiend, foe, AS. feÛnd;
akin to OS. fond, D. vijand enemy, OHG. fant, G. feind, Icel. fjnd, Sw.
& Dan. fiende, Goth. fijands; orig. p. pr. of a verb meaning to hate,
AS. feÛn, feÛgan, OHG. f&?;n, Goth. fijan, Skr. py to scorn; prob. akin
to E. feud a quarrel. &radic;81. Cf. Foe, Friend.] An implacable or
malicious foe; one who is diabolically wicked or cruel; an infernal
being; -- applied specifically to the devil or a demon.

    Into this wild abyss the wary fiend Stood on the brink of Hell and
    looked a while.


Milton.

    O woman! woman! when to ill thy mind Is bent, all hell contains no
    fouler fiend.


Pope.

Fiend"ful (?), a. Full of fiendish spirit or arts. Marlowe.

-- Fiend"ful*ly, adv.

Fiend"ish (?), a. Like a fiend; diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal;
malignant; devilish; hellish. -- Fiend"ish*ly, adv. -- Fiend"ish*ness,
n.

Fiend"like` (?), a. Fiendish; diabolical. Longfellow.

Fiend"ly, a. [AS. feÛndlic.] Fiendlike; monstrous; devilish. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

||Fi`e*ras"fer (?), n. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of small, slender fishes,
||remarkable for their habit of living as commensals in other animals.
||One species inhabits the gill cavity of the pearl oyster near Panama;
||another lives within an East Indian holothurian.

Fierce (?), a. [Compar. Fiercer (?); superl. Fiercest (?).] [OE. fers,
fiers, OF. fier, nom. fiers, fierce, savage, cruel, F. fier proud, from
L. ferus wild, savage, cruel; perh. akin to E. bear the animal. Cf.
Feral, Ferocity.] 1. Furious; violent; unrestrained; impetuous; as, a
fierce wind.

    His fierce thunder drove us to the deep.


Milton.

2. Vehement in anger or cruelty; ready or eager to kill or injure; of a
nature to inspire terror; ferocious. "A fierce whisper." Dickens. "A
fierce tyrant." Pope.

    The fierce foe hung upon our broken rear.


Milton.

    Thou huntest me as a fierce lion.


Job. x. 16.

3. Excessively earnest, eager, or ardent.

Syn. -- Ferocious; savage; cruel; vehement; impetuous; barbarous; fell.
See Ferocious.

-- Fierce"ly, adv. -- Fierce"ness, n.

||Fi"e*ri fa"ci*as (?). [L., cause it to be done.] (Law) A judicial
||writ that lies for one who has recovered in debt or damages,
||commanding the sheriff that he cause to be made of the goods,
||chattels, or real estate of the defendant, the sum claimed.
||Blackstone. Cowell.

Fi"er*i*ness (?), n. The quality of being fiery; heat; acrimony;
irritability; as, a fieriness of temper. Addison.

Fi"er*y (? or ?), a. [Formerly written firy, fr. fire.] 1. Consisting
of, containing, or resembling, fire; as, the fiery gulf of Etna; a
fiery appearance.

    And fiery billows roll below.


I. Watts.

2. Vehement; ardent; very active; impetuous.

    Hath thy fiery heart so parched thine entrails?


Shak.

    The fiery spirit of his forefathers.


W. Irwing.

3. Passionate; easily provoked; irritable.

    You know the fiery quality of the duke.


Shak.

4. Unrestrained; fierce; mettlesome; spirited.

    One curbed the fiery steed.


Dryden.

5. heated by fire, or as if by fire; burning hot; parched; feverish.
Pope.

    The sword which is made fiery.


Hooker.

Fiery cross, a cross constructed of two firebrands, and pitched upon
the point of a spear; formerly in Scotland borne by a runner as a
signal for the clan to take up arms. Sir W. Scott.

Fife (?), n. [F. fifre, OHG. pffa, LL. pipa pipe, pipare to play on the
pipe, fr. L. pipire, pipare, to peep, pip, chirp, as a chiken. See
Pipe.] (Mus.) A small shrill pipe, resembling the piccolo flute, used
chiefly to accompany the drum in military music.

Fife major (Mil.), a noncommissioned officer who superintends the
fifers of a regiment. -- Fife rail. (Naut.) (a) A rail about the mast,
at the deck, to hold belaying pins, etc. (b) A railing around the break
of a poop deck.

Fife, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fifed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. fifing.] To play
on a fife.

Fif"er (?), n. One who plays on a fife.

Fif"teen` (?), a. [OE. fiftene, AS. fftne, fftne. See Five, and Ten,
and cf. Fifty.] Five and ten; one more than fourteen.

Fif"teen`, n. 1. The sum of five and ten; fifteen units or objects.

2. A symbol representing fifteen units, as 15, or xv.

Fif"teenth` (?), a. [OE. fiftenthe; cf. fiftethe, AS. fftea. See
Fifteen.] 1. Next in order after the fourteenth; -- the ordinal of
fifteen.

2. Consisting of one of fifteen equal parts or divisions of a thing.

Fif"teenth`, n. 1. One of fifteen equal parts or divisions; the
quotient of a unit divided by fifteen.

2. A species of tax upon personal property formerly laid on towns,
boroughs, etc., in England, being one fifteenth part of what the
personal property in each town, etc., had been valued at. Burrill.

3. (Mus.) (a) A stop in an organ tuned two octaves above the diaposon.
(b) An interval consisting of two octaves.

Fifth (?), a. [OE. fifte, fifthe, AS. ffta. See Five.] 1. Next in order
after the fourth; -- the ordinal of five.

2. Consisting of one of five equal divisions of a thing.

Fifth monarchy men (Hist.), a fanatical sect in England, of the time of
the commonwealth, who maintained that there would be a fifth universal
monarchy, during which Christ would reign on earth a thousand years. --
Fifth wheel, a horizontal wheel or segment above the fore axle of a
carriage and beneath the body, forming an extended support to prevent
careening.

Fifth (?), n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by five; one of five
equal parts; a fifth part.

2. (Mus.) The interval of three tones and a semitone, embracing five
diatonic degrees of the scale; the dominant of any key.

Fifth"ly, adv. In the fifth place; as the fifth in order.

Fif"ti*eth (?), a. [AS. fftigoa. See Fifty.] 1. Next in order after
the forty-ninth; -- the ordinal of fifty.

2. Consisting of one of fifty equal parts or divisions.

Fif"ti*eth, n. One of fifty equal parts; the quotient of a unit divided
by fifty.

Fif"ty (?), a. [AS. fftig; akin to OHG. finfzug, fimfzuc, G. f¸nfzig,
funfzig, Goth. fimftigjus. See Five, and Ten, and cf. Fifteen.] Five
times ten; as, fifty men.

Fif"ty, n.; pl. Fifties (&?;). 1. The sum of five tens; fifty units or
objects.

2. A symbol representing fifty units, as 50, or l.

Fig (?), n. [F. figue the fruit of the tree, Pr. figa, fr. L. ficus fig
tree, fig. Cf. Fico.] 1. (Bot.) A small fruit tree (Ficus Carica) with
large leaves, known from the remotest antiquity. It was probably native
from Syria westward to the Canary Islands.

2. The fruit of a fig tree, which is of round or oblong shape, and of
various colors.

The fruit of a fig tree is really the hollow end of a stem, and bears
numerous achenia inside the cavity. Many species have little, hard,
inedible figs, and in only a few does the fruit become soft and pulpy.
The fruit of the cultivated varieties is much prized in its fresh
state, and also when dried or preserved. See Caprification.

3. A small piece of tobacco. [U.S.]

4. The value of a fig, practically nothing; a fico; -- used in scorn or
contempt. "A fig for Peter." Shak.

Cochineal fig. See Conchineal fig. -- Fig dust, a preparation of fine
oatmeal for feeding caged birds. -- Fig faun, one of a class of rural
deities or monsters supposed to live on figs. "Therefore shall dragons
dwell there with the fig fauns." Jer. i. 39. (Douay version). -- Fig
gnat (Zoˆl.), a small fly said to be injurious to figs. -- Fig leaf,
the leaf tree; hence, in allusion to the first clothing of Adam and Eve
(Genesis iii.7), a covering for a thing that ought to be concealed;
esp., an inadequate covering; a symbol for affected modesty. -- Fig
marigold (Bot.), the name of several plants of the genus
Mesembryanthemum, some of which are prized for the brilliancy and
beauty of their flowers. -- Fig tree (Bot.), any tree of the genus
Ficus, but especially F. Carica which produces the fig of commerce.

Fig, v. t. [See Fico, Fig, n.] 1. To insult with a fico, or
contemptuous motion. See Fico. [Obs.]

    When Pistol lies, do this, and fig me like The bragging Spaniard.


Shak.

2. To put into the head of, as something useless o&?; contemptible.
[Obs.] L'Estrange.

Fig, n. Figure; dress; array. [Colloq.]

    Were they all in full fig, the females with feathers on their
    heads, the males with chapeaux bras?


Prof. Wilson.

||Fi`ga`ro" (?), n. [From the name of the barber in Beaumarchais'
||"Barber of Seville."] An adroit and unscrupulous intriguer.

Fig"a*ry (?), n. [Corrupted fr. vagary.] A frolic; a vagary; a whim.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Fig"eat`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A large beetle (Allorhina nitida) which
in the Southern United States destroys figs. The elytra are velvety
green with pale borders. (b) A bird. See Figpecker.

Fig"ent (?), a. Fidgety; restless. [Obs.]

    Such a little figent thing.


Beau. & Fl.

Fig"gum (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A juggler's trick; conjuring.
[Obs.]

    The devil is the author of wicked figgum.


B. Jonson.

Fight (ft), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fought (ft); p. pr. & vb. n. Fighting.]
[OE. fihten, fehten, AS. feohtan; akin to D. vechten, OHG. fehtan, G.
fechten, Sw. f‰kta, Dan. fegte, and perh. to E. fist; cf. L. pugnare to
fight, pugnus fist.] 1. To strive or contend for victory, with armies
or in single combat; to attempt to defeat, subdue, or destroy an enemy,
either by blows or weapons; to contend in arms; -- followed by with or
against.

    You do fight against your country's foes.


Shak.

    To fight with thee no man of arms will deign.


Milton.

2. To act in opposition to anything; to struggle against; to contend;
to strive; to make resistance.

To fight shy, to avoid meeting fairly or at close quarters; to keep out
of reach.

Fight, v. t. 1. To carry on, or wage, as a conflict, or battle; to win
or gain by struggle, as one's way; to sustain by fighting, as a cause.

    He had to fight his way through the world.


Macaulay.

    I have fought a good fight.


2 Tim. iv. 7.

2. To contend with in battle; to war against; as, they fought the enemy
in two pitched battles; the sloop fought the frigate for three hours.

3. To cause to fight; to manage or maneuver in a fight; as, to fight
cocks; to fight one's ship.

To fight it out, to fight until a decisive and conclusive result is
reached.

<! p. 558 !>

Fight, n. [OE. fight, feht, AS. feoht. See Fight, v. i.] 1. A battle;
an engagement; a contest in arms; a combat; a violent conflict or
struggle for victory, between individuals or between armies, ships, or
navies, etc.

    Who now defies thee thrice to single fight.


Milton.

2. A struggle or contest of any kind.

3. Strength or disposition for fighting; pugnacity; as, he has a great
deal of fight in him. [Colloq.]

4. A screen for the combatants in ships. [Obs.]

    Up with your fights, and your nettings prepare.


Dryden.

Running fight, a fight in which the enemy is continually chased; also,
one which continues without definite end or result.

Syn. -- Combat; engagement; contest; struggle; encounter; fray; affray;
action; conflict. See Battle.

Fight"er (?), n. [AS. feohtere.] One who fights; a combatant; a
warrior. Shak.

Fight"ing, a. 1. Qualified for war; fit for battle.

    An host of fighting men.


2 Chron. xxvi. 11.

2. Occupied in war; being the scene of a battle; as, a fighting field.
Pope.

A fighting chance, one dependent upon the issue of a struggle.
[Colloq.] -- Fighting crab (Zoˆl.), the fiddler crab. -- Fighting fish
(Zoˆl.), a remarkably pugnacious East Indian fish (Betta pugnax),
reared by the Siamese for spectacular fish fights.

Fight"ing*ly, adv. Pugnaciously.

Fight"wite` (?), n. [Fight + wite.] (O.Eng. Law) A mulct or fine
imposed on a person for making a fight or quarrel to the disturbance of
the peace.

Fig"ment (?), n. [L. figmentum, fr. fingere to form, shape, invent,
feign. See Feign.] An invention; a fiction; something feigned or
imagined.

    Social figments, feints, and formalism.


Mrs. Browning.

    It carried rather an appearance of figment and invention . . . than
    of truth and reality.


Woodward.

Fig"peck`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European garden warbler (Sylvia, or
Currica, hortensis); -- called also beccafico and greater pettychaps.

Fig"-shell` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A marine univalve shell of the genus
Pyrula, or Ficula, resembling a fig in form.

{ Fig"u*late (?), Fig"u*la`ted (?) }, a. [L. figulatus, p. p. of
figulare to shape, fr. figulus potter, fr. fingere to shape.] Made of
potter's clay; molded; shaped. [R.] Johnson.

Fig"u*line (? or ?), n. [F., fr. L. figulina pottery, fr. figulus. See
Figulate.] A piece of pottery ornamented with representations of
natural objects.

    Whose figulines and rustic wares Scarce find him bread from day to
    day.


Longfellow.

Fig`ur*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. figurabilitÈ.] The quality of being
figurable. Johnson.

Fig`ur*a*ble (?), a. [L. figurare to form, shape, fr. figura figure:
cf. F. figurable. See Figure.] Capable of being brought to a fixed form
or shape.

    Lead is figurable, but water is not.


Johnson.

Fig"ur*al (?), a. [From Figure.] 1. Represented by figure or
delineation; consisting of figures; as, figural ornaments. Sir T.
Browne.

2. (Mus.) Figurate. See Figurate.

Figural numbers. See Figurate numbers, under Figurate.

Fig"u*rant` (? or ?), n. masc. [F., prop. p. pr. of figurer figure,
represent, make a figure.] One who dances at the opera, not singly, but
in groups or figures; an accessory character on the stage, who figures
in its scenes, but has nothing to say; hence, one who figures in any
scene, without taking a prominent part.

Fig"u*rante` (? or ?), n. fem. [F.] A female figurant; esp., a ballet
girl.

Fig"ur*ate (?), a. [L. figuratus, p. p. of figurare. See Figure.] 1. Of
a definite form or figure.

    Plants are all figurate and determinate, which inanimate bodies are
    not.


Bacon.

2. Figurative; metaphorical. [Obs.] Bale.

3. (Mus.) Florid; figurative; involving passing discords by the freer
melodic movement of one or more parts or voices in the harmony; as,
figurate counterpoint or descant.

Figurate counterpoint or descant (Mus.), that which is not simple, or
in which the parts do not move together tone for tone, but in which
freer movement of one or more parts mingles passing discords with the
harmony; -- called also figural, figurative, and figured counterpoint
or descant (although the term figured is more commonly applied to a
bass with numerals written above or below to indicate the other notes
of the harmony). -- Figurate numbers (Math.), numbers, or series of
numbers, formed from any arithmetical progression in which the first
term is a unit, and the difference a whole number, by taking the first
term, and the sums of the first two, first three, first four, etc., as
the successive terms of a new series, from which another may be formed
in the same manner, and so on, the numbers in the resulting series
being such that points representing them are capable of symmetrical
arrangement in different geometrical figures, as triangles, squares,
pentagons, etc. In the following example, the two lower lines are
composed of figurate numbers, those in the second line being
triangular, and represented thus: --

. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. . . . 1, 3, 6, 10, etc. . . . . . . . etc. 1, 4, 10,
20, etc . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fig"ur*a`ted (?), a. Having a determinate form.

Fig"ur*ate*ly (?), adv. In a figurate manner.

Fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. figuratio.] 1. The act of giving figure or
determinate form; determination to a certain form. Bacon.

2. (Mus.) Mixture of concords and discords.

Fig"ur*a*tive (?), a. [L. figurativus: cf. F. figuratif. See
Figurative.] 1. Representing by a figure, or by resemblance; typical;
representative.

    This, they will say, was figurative, and served, by God's
    appointment, but for a time, to shadow out the true glory of a more
    divine sanctity.


Hooker.

2. Used in a sense that is tropical, as a metaphor; not literal; --
applied to words and expressions.

3. Abounding in figures of speech; flowery; florid; as, a highly
figurative description.

4. Relating to the representation of form or figure by drawing,
carving, etc. See Figure, n., 2.

    They belonged to a nation dedicated to the figurative arts, and
    they wrote for a public familiar with painted form.


J. A. Symonds.

Figurative counterpoint or descant. See under Figurate.

-- Fig"ur*a*tive*ly, adv. -- Fig"ur*a*tive*ness, n.

Fig"ure (fg"r; 135), n. [F., figure, L. figura; akin to fingere to
form, shape, feign. See Feign.] 1. The form of anything; shape;
outline; appearance.

    Flowers have all exquisite figures.


Bacon.

2. The representation of any form, as by drawing, painting, modeling,
carving, embroidering, etc.; especially, a representation of the human
body; as, a figure in bronze; a figure cut in marble.

    A coin that bears the figure of an angel.


Shak.

3. A pattern in cloth, paper, or other manufactured article; a design
wrought out in a fabric; as, the muslin was of a pretty figure.

4. (Geom.) A diagram or drawing; made to represent a magnitude or the
relation of two or more magnitudes; a surface or space inclosed on all
sides; -- called superficial when inclosed by lines, and solid when
inclosed by surfaces; any arrangement made up of points, lines, angles,
surfaces, etc.

5. The appearance or impression made by the conduct or career of a
person; as, a sorry figure.

    I made some figure there.


Dryden.

    Gentlemen of the best figure in the county.


Blackstone.

6. Distinguished appearance; magnificence; conspicuous representation;
splendor; show.

    That he may live in figure and indulgence.


Law.

7. A character or symbol representing a number; a numeral; a digit; as,
1, 2,3, etc.

8. Value, as expressed in numbers; price; as, the goods are estimated
or sold at a low figure. [Colloq.]

    With nineteen thousand a year at the very lowest figure.


Thackeray.

9. A person, thing, or action, conceived of as analogous to another
person, thing, or action, of which it thus becomes a type or
representative.

    Who is the figure of Him that was to come.


Rom. v. 14.

10. (Rhet.) A mode of expressing abstract or immaterial ideas by words
which suggest pictures or images from the physical world; pictorial
language; a trope; hence, any deviation from the plainest form of
statement.

    To represent the imagination under the figure of a wing.


Macaulay.

11. (Logic) The form of a syllogism with respect to the relative
position of the middle term.

12. (Dancing) Any one of the several regular steps or movements made by
a dancer.

13. (Astrol.) A horoscope; the diagram of the aspects of the
astrological houses. Johnson.

14. (Music) (a) Any short succession of notes, either as melody or as a
group of chords, which produce a single complete and distinct
impression. Grove.

(b) A form of melody or accompaniment kept up through a strain or
passage; a musical phrase or motive; a florid embellishment.

Figures are often written upon the staff in music to denote the kind of
measure. They are usually in the form of a fraction, the upper figure
showing how many notes of the kind indicated by the lower are contained
in one measure or bar. Thus, 2/4 signifies that the measure contains
two quarter notes. The following are the principal figures used for
this purpose: --

2/22/42/8 4/22/44/8 3/23/43/8 6/46/46/8

Academy figure, Canceled figures, Lay figure, etc. See under Academy,
Cancel, Lay, etc. -- Figure caster, or Figure flinger, an astrologer.
"This figure caster." Milton. - - Figure flinging, the practice of
astrology. -- Figure-of-eight knot, a knot shaped like the figure 8.
See Illust. under Knot. -- Figure painting, a picture of the human
figure, or the act or art of depicting the human figure. -- Figure
stone (Min.), agalmatolite. -- Figure weaving, the art or process of
weaving figured fabrics. -- To cut a figure, to make a display.
[Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

Fig"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Figured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Figuring.]
[F. figurer, L. figurare, fr. figura. See Figure, n.] 1. To represent
by a figure, as to form or mold; to make an image of, either palpable
or ideal; also, to fashion into a determinate form; to shape.

    If love, alas! be pain I bear,


    No thought can figure, and no tongue declare.Prior.


2. To embellish with design; to adorn with figures.

    The vaulty top of heaven Figured quite o'er with burning meteors.


Shak.

3. To indicate by numerals; also, to compute.

    As through a crystal glass the figured hours are seen.


Dryden.

4. To represent by a metaphor; to signify or symbolize.

    Whose white vestments figure innocence.


Shak.

5. To prefigure; to foreshow.

    In this the heaven figures some event.


Shak.

6. (Mus.) (a) To write over or under the bass, as figures or other
characters, in order to indicate the accompanying chords. (b) To
embellish.

To figure out, to solve; to compute or find the result of. -- To figure
up, to add; to reckon; to compute the amount of.

Fig"ure, v. i. 1. To make a figure; to be distinguished or conspicious;
as, the envoy figured at court.

    Sociable, hospitable, eloquent, admired, figuring away brilliantly.


M. Arnold.

2. To calculate; to contrive; to scheme; as, he is figuring to secure
the nomination. [Colloq.]

Fig"ured (?), a. 1. Adorned with figures; marked with figures; as,
figured muslin.

2. Not literal; figurative. [Obs.] Locke.

3. (Mus.) (a) Free and florid; as, a figured descant. See Figurate, 3.
(b) Indicated or noted by figures.

Figured bass. See Continued bass, under Continued.

Fig"ure*head` (?), n. 1. (Naut.) The figure, statue, or bust, on the
prow of a ship.

2. A person who allows his name to be used to give standing to
enterprises in which he has no responsible interest or duties; a
nominal, but not real, head or chief.

Fi*gu"ri*al (?), a. Represented by figure or delineation. [R.] Craig.

||Fi`gu`rine" (? or ?), n. [F., dim. of figure.] A very small figure,
||whether human or of an animal; especially, one in terra cotta or the
||like; -- distinguished from statuette, which is applied to small
||figures in bronze, marble, etc.

Fig"ur*ist (?), n. One who uses or interprets figurative expressions.
Waterland.

Fig"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants (Scrophularia),
mostly found in the north temperate zones. See Brownwort.

Fi"ji*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Fiji islands or their
inhabitants. -- n. A native of the Fiji islands. [Written also
Feejeean, Feejee.]

Fike (?), n. See Fyke.

Fil (?), obs. imp. of Fall, v. i. Fell. Chaucer.

Fi*la"ceous (? or ?), a. [L. filum thread.] Composed of threads. Bacon.

Fil"a*cer (?), n. [OE. filace a file, or thread, on which the records
of the courts of justice were strung, F. filasse tow of flax or hemp,
fr. L. filum thread.] (Eng. Law) A former officer in the English Court
of Common Pleas; -- so called because he filed the writs on which he
made out process. [Obs.] Burrill.

Fil"a*ment (?), n. [F. filament, fr. L. filum thread. See File a row.]
A thread or threadlike object or appendage; a fiber; esp. (Bot.), the
threadlike part of the stamen supporting the anther.

Fil`a*men"ta*ry (?), a. Having the character of, or formed by, a
filament.

Fil"a*men*toid` (?), a. [Filament + -oid.] Like a filament.

Fil`a*men"tous (?), a. [Cf. F. filamenteux.] Like a thread; consisting
of threads or filaments. Gray.

Fil"an*der (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A species of kangaroo (Macropus Brunii),
inhabiting New Guinea.

Fil"an*ders (?), n. pl. [F. filandres, fr. L. filum thread.] (Falconry)
A disease in hawks, characterized by the presence of small threadlike
worms, also of filaments of coagulated blood, from the rupture of a
vein; -- called also backworm. Sir T. Browne.

Fi"lar (?), a. [L. filum a thread.] Of or pertaining to a thread or
line; characterized by threads stretched across the field of view; as,
a filar microscope; a filar micrometer.

||Fi*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. filum a thread.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||slender, nematode worms of many species, parasitic in various
||animals. See Guinea worm.

Fil"a*to*ry (?), n. [LL. filatorium place for spinning, fr. filare to
spin, fr. L. filum a thread.] A machine for forming threads. [Obs.] W.
Tooke.

Fil"a*ture (?; 135), n. [LL. filatura, fr. filare to spin: cf. F.
filature. See Filatory.] 1. A drawing out into threads; hence, the
reeling of silk from cocoons. Ure.

2. A reel for drawing off silk from cocoons; also, an establishment for
reeling silk.

Fil"bert (?), n. [Perh. fr. fill + bread, as filling the bread or husk;
cf. G. bartnuss (lit., bread nut) filbert; or perh. named from a St.
Philibert, whose day, Aug. 22, fell in the nutting season.] (Bot.) The
fruit of the Corylus Avellana or hazel. It is an oval nut, containing a
kernel that has a mild, farinaceous, oily taste, agreeable to the
palate.

In England filberts are usually large hazelnuts, especially the nuts
from selected and cultivated trees. The American hazelnuts are of two
other species.

Filbert gall (Zoˆl.), a gall resembling a filbert in form, growing in
clusters on grapevines. It is produced by the larva of a gallfly
(Cecidomyia).

Filch (flch), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filched (flcht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Filching.] [Cf. AS. feolan to stick to, OHG. felhan, felahan, to hide,
Icel. fela, Goth. filhan to hide, bury, Prov. E. feal to hide slyly,
OE. felen.] To steal or take privily (commonly, that which is of little
value); to pilfer.

    Fain would they filch that little food away.


Dryden.

    But he that filches from me my good name, Robs me of that which not
    enriches him, And makes me poor indeed.


Shak.

Filch"er (flch"r), n. One who filches; a thief.

Filch"ing*ly, adv. By pilfering or petty stealing.

<! p. 559 !>

File (fl), n. [F. file row (cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. fila), LL. fila,
fr. L. filum a thread. Cf. Enfilade, Filament, Fillet.] 1. An orderly
succession; a line; a row; as: (a) (Mil) A row of soldiers ranged one
behind another; -- in contradistinction to rank, which designates a row
of soldiers standing abreast; a number consisting the depth of a body
of troops, which, in the ordinary modern formation, consists of two
men, the battalion standing two deep, or in two ranks.

The number of files in a company describes its width, as the number of
ranks does its depth; thus, 100 men in "fours deep" would be spoken of
as 25 files in 4 ranks. Farrow.

(b) An orderly collection of papers, arranged in sequence or classified
for preservation and reference; as, files of letters or of newspapers;
this mail brings English files to the 15th instant. (c) The line, wire,
or other contrivance, by which papers are put and kept in order.

    It is upon a file with the duke's other letters.


Shak.

(d) A roll or list. "A file of all the gentry." Shak.

2. Course of thought; thread of narration. [Obs.]

    Let me resume the file of my narration.


Sir H. Wotton.

File firing, the act of firing by file, or each file independently of
others. -- File leader, the soldier at the front of any file, who
covers and leads those in rear of him. -- File marching, the marching
of a line two deep, when faced to the right or left, so that the front
and rear rank march side by side. Brande & C. --Indian file, or Single
file, a line of men marching one behind another; a single row. -- On
file, preserved in an orderly collection. -- Rank and file. (a) The
body of soldiers constituing the mass of an army, including corporals
and privates. Wilhelm. (b) Those who constitute the bulk or working
members of a party, society, etc., in distinction from the leaders.

File (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Filing.] 1. To
set in order; to arrange, or lay away, esp. as papers in a methodical
manner for preservation and reverence; to place on file; to insert in
its proper place in an arranged body of papers.

    I would have my several courses and my dishes well filed.


Beau. & Fl.

2. To bring before a court or legislative body by presenting proper
papers in a regular way; as, to file a petition or bill. Burrill.

3. (Law) To put upon the files or among the records of a court; to note
on (a paper) the fact date of its reception in court.

    To file a paper, on the part of a party, is to place it in the
    official custody of the clerk. To file, on the part of the clerk,
    is to indorse upon the paper the date of its reception, and retain
    it in his office, subject to inspection by whomsoever it may
    concern.


Burrill.

File, v. i. [Cf. F. filer.] (Mil.) To march in a file or line, as
soldiers, not abreast, but one after another; -- generally with off.

To file with, to follow closely, as one soldier after another in file;
to keep pace.

    My endeavors Have ever come too short of my desires, Yet filed with
    my abilities.


Shak.

File (fl), n. [AS. feÛl; akin to D. viji, OHG. fla, fhala, G. feile,
Sw. fil, Dan. fiil, cf. Icel. ˛l, Russ. pila, and Skr. piÁ to cut out,
adorn; perh. akin to E. paint.] 1. A steel instrument, having cutting
ridges or teeth, made by indentation with a chisel, used for abrading
or smoothing other substances, as metals, wood, etc.

A file differs from a rasp in having the furrows made by straight cuts
of a chisel, either single or crossed, while the rasp has coarse,
single teeth, raised by the pyramidal end of a triangular punch.

2. Anything employed to smooth, polish, or rasp, literally or
figuratively.

    Mock the nice touches of the critic's file.


Akenside.

3. A shrewd or artful person. [Slang] Fielding.

    Will is an old file in spite of his smooth face.


Thackeray.

Bastard file, Cross file, etc. See under Bastard, Cross, etc. --
Cross-cut file, a file having two sets of teeth crossing obliquely. --
File blank, a steel blank shaped and ground ready for cutting to form a
file. -- File cutter, a maker of files. -- Second-cut file, a file
having teeth of a grade next finer than bastard. -- Single-cut file, a
file having only one set of parallel teeth; a float. -- Smooth file, a
file having teeth so fine as to make an almost smooth surface.

File, v. t. 1. To rub, smooth, or cut away, with a file; to sharpen
with a file; as, to file a saw or a tooth.

2. To smooth or polish as with a file. Shak.

    File your tongue to a little more courtesy.


Sir W. Scott.

File, v. t. [OE. fulen, filen, foulen, AS. f&?;lan, fr. f&?;l foul. See
Foul, and cf. Defile, v. t.] To make foul; to defile. [Obs.]

    All his hairy breast with blood was filed.


Spenser.

    For Banquo's issue have I filed my mind.


Shak.

File"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any plectognath fish of the genera
Monacanthus, Alutera, balistes, and allied genera; -- so called on
account of the roughly granulated skin, which is sometimes used in
place of sandpaper.

Fil"e*mot (?), n. See Feullemort. Swift.

Fil"er (?), n. One who works with a file.

Fil"ial (?), a. [L. filialis, fr. filius son, filia daughter; akin to
e. female, feminine. Cf. Fitz.] 1. Of or pertaining to a son or
daughter; becoming to a child in relation to his parents; as, filial
obedience.

2. Bearing the relation of a child.

    And thus the filial Godhead answering spoke.


Milton.

Fil"ial*ly (?), adv. In a filial manner.

Fil"i*ate (?), v. t. To adopt as son or daughter; to establish
filiation between. [R.] Southey.

Fil`i*a"tion (?), n. [LL. filiatio, fr. L. filius son: cf. F.
filiation. See Filial.] 1. The relationship of a son or child to a
parent, esp. to a father.

    The relation of paternity and filiation.


Sir M. Hale.

2. (Law) The assignment of a bastard child to some one as its father;
affiliation. Smart.

Fil"i*beg (?), n. [Gael. feileadhbeag, i. e., little kilt; feileadh
kilt + beag little, small; cf. filleadh a plait, fold.] Same as Kilt.
[Written also philibeg.]

Fil"i*bus`ter (?), n. [Sp. flibuster, flibustero, corrupted fr. E.
freebooter. See Freebooter.] A lawless military adventurer, especially
one in quest of plunder; a freebooter; -- originally applied to
buccaneers infesting the Spanish American coasts, but introduced into
common English to designate the followers of Lopez in his expedition to
Cuba in 1851, and those of Walker in his expedition to Nicaragua, in
1855.

Fil"i*bus*ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fillibustered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Filibustering.] 1. To act as a filibuster, or military freebooter.
Bartlett.

2. To delay legislation, by dilatory motions or other artifices.
[political cant or slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

Fil"i*bus`ter*ism (?), n. The characteristics or practices of a
filibuster. Bartlett.

Fil"i*cal (?), a. Belonging to the Filices, r ferns.

Fi*lic"ic (?), a. [L. filix, -icis, a fern.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
derived from, ferns; as, filicic acid.

Fil"i*cide (?), n. [L. filius son, filia daughter + caedere to kill.]
The act of murdering a son or a daughter; also, parent who commits such
a murder.

Fi*lic"i*form (?), a. [L. filix, -icis, fern + -form: cf. F.
filiciforme] Shaped like a fern or like the parts of a fern leaf.
Smart.

Fil"i*coid (?), a. [L. filix, -icis, fern + -oid: cf. F. filicoiÔde.]
(Bot.) Fernlike, either in form or in the nature of the method of
reproduction.

Fil"i*coid, n. (Bot.) A fernlike plant. Lindley.

Fi*li"e*ty (?), n. [L. filietas.] The relation of a son to a father;
sonship; -- the correlative of paternity. J. S. Mill.

Fi*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. filum a thread + -ferous.] Producing threads.
Carpenter.

Fil"i*form (?), a. [L. filum thread + -form: cf. F. filiforme.] Having
the shape of a thread or filament; as, the filiform papillÊ of the
tongue; a filiform style or peduncle. See Illust. of Antenn∆.

{ Fil"i*grain, Fil"i*grane } (?), n. [Sp. filigrana (cf. It. filigrana,
E. filigrane), fr. L. filuma thread + granum grain. See File a row, and
Grain, and cf. Filigree.] Filigree. [Archaic]

    With her head . . . touches the crown of filigrane.


Longfellow.

Fil"i*graned (?), a. See Filigreed. [Archaic]

Fil"i*gree (?), n. [Corrupted fr. filigrane.] Ornamental work, formerly
with grains or breads, but now composed of fine wire and used chiefly
in decorating gold and silver to which the wire is soldered, being
arranged in designs frequently of a delicate and intricate arabesque
pattern.

Fil"i*gree, a. Relating to, composed of, or resembling, work in
filigree; as, a filigree basket. Hence: Fanciful; unsubstantial; merely
decorative.

    You ask for reality, not fiction and filigree work.


J. C. Shairp.

Fil"i*greed (?), a. Adorned with filigree. Tatler.

Fil"ing (?), n. A fragment or particle rubbed off by the act of filing;
as, iron filings.

Fil`i*pen"du*lous (?; 135), a. [L. filum a thread + pendulus hanging,
fr. pend&?;re to hang.] (Bot.) Suspended by, or strung upon, a thread;
-- said of tuberous swellings in the middle or at the extremities of
slender, threadlike rootlets.

Fill (?), n. [See Thill.] One of the thills or shafts of a carriage.
Mortimer.

Fill horse, a thill horse. Shak.

Fill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Filling.] [OE.
fillen, fullen, AS. fyllan, fr. full full; akin to D. vullen, G.
f¸llen, Icel. fylla, Sw. fylla, Dan. fylde, Goth. fulljan. See Full,
a.] 1. To make full; to supply with as much as can be held or
contained; to put or pour into, till no more can be received; to occupy
the whole capacity of.

    The rain also filleth the pools.


Ps. lxxxiv. 6.

    Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. Anf they
    filled them up to the brim.


John ii. 7.

2. To furnish an abudant supply to; to furnish with as mush as is
desired or desirable; to occupy the whole of; to swarm in or overrun.

    And God blessed them, saying. Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill
    the waters in the seas.


Gen. i. 22.

    The Syrians filled the country.


1 Kings xx. 27.

3. To fill or supply fully with food; to feed; to satisfy.

    Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to fillso
    great a multitude?


Matt. xv. 33.

    Things that are sweet and fat are more filling.


Bacon.

4. To possess and perform the duties of; to officiate in, as an
incumbent; to occupy; to hold; as, a king fills a throne; the president
fills the office of chief magistrate; the speaker of the House fills
the chair.

5. To supply with an incumbent; as, to fill an office or a vacancy. A.
Hamilton.

6. (Naut.) (a) To press and dilate, as a sail; as, the wind filled the
sails. (b) To trim (a yard) so that the wind shall blow on the after
side of the sails.

7. (Civil Engineering) To make an embankment in, or raise the level of
(a low place), with earth or gravel.

To fill in, to insert; as, he filled in the figures. -- To fill out, to
extend or enlarge to the desired limit; to make complete; as, to fill
out a bill. -- To fill up, to make quite full; to fill to the brim or
entirely; to occupy completely; to complete. "The bliss that fills up
all the mind." Pope. "And fill up that which is behind of the
afflictions of Christ." Col. i. 24.

Fill (?), v. i. 1. To become full; to have the whole capacity occupied;
to have an abundant supply; to be satiated; as, corn fills well in a
warm season; the sail fills with the wind.

2. To fill a cup or glass for drinking.

    Give me some wine; fill full.


Shak.

To back and fill. See under Back, v. i. -- To fill up, to grow or
become quite full; as, the channel of the river fills up with sand.

Fill, n. [AS. fyllo. See Fill, v. t.] A full supply, as much as
supplies want; as much as gives complete satisfaction. "Ye shall eat
your fill." Lev. xxv. 19.

    I'll bear thee hence, where I may weep my fill.


Shak.

Fill"er (?), n. One who, or that which, fills; something used for
filling.

    'T is mere filler, to stop a vacancy in the hexameter.


Dryden.

    They have six diggers to four fillers, so as to keep the fillers
    always at work.


Mortimer.

Fill"er, n. [From 1st Fill.] A thill horse. [Prov. Eng.]

Fil"let (?), n. [OE. filet, felet, fr. OF. filet thread, fillet of
meat, dim. of fil a thread, fr. L. filum. See Fille a row.] 1. A little
band, especially one intended to encircle the hair of the head.

    A belt her waist, a fillet binds her hair.


Pope.

2. (Cooking) A piece of lean meat without bone; sometimes, a long strip
rolled together and tied.

A fillet of beef is the under side of the sirlom; also called
tenderloin. A fillet of veal or mutton is the fleshy part of the thigh.
A fillet of fish is a slice of flat fish without bone. "Fillet of a
fenny snake." Shak.

3. A thin strip or ribbon; esp.: (a) A strip of metal from which coins
are punched. (b) A strip of card clothing. (c) A thin projecting band
or strip.

4. (Mach.) A concave filling in of a reÎntrant angle where two surfaces
meet, forming a rounded corner.

5. (Arch.) A narrow flat member; especially, a flat molding separating
other moldings; a reglet; also, the space between two flutings in a
shaft. See Illust. of Base, and Column.

6. (Her.) An ordinary equaling in breadth one fourth of the chief, to
the lowest portion of which it corresponds in position.

7. (Mech.) The thread of a screw.

8. A border of broad or narrow lines of color or gilt.

9. The raised molding about the muzzle of a gun.

10. Any scantling smaller than a batten.

11. (Anat.) A fascia; a band of fibers; applied esp. to certain bands
of white matter in the brain.

12. (Man.) The loins of a horse, beginning at the place where the
hinder part of the saddle rests.

Arris fillet. See under Arris.

Fil"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Filleting.] To
bind, furnish, or adorn with a fillet.

Fil"let*ing, n. 1. (Arch.) The protecting of a joint, as between roof
and parapet wall, with mortar, or cement, where flashing is employed in
better work.

2. The material of which fillets are made; also, fillets, collectively.

Fil"li*beg (?), n. A kilt. See Filibeg.

Fil"li*bus`ter (?), n. See Filibuster.

Fill"ing (?), n. 1. That which is used to fill a cavity or any empty
space, or to supply a deficiency; as, filling for a cavity in a tooth,
a depression in a roadbed, the space between exterior and interior
walls of masonry, the pores of open-grained wood, the space between the
outer and inner planks of a vessel, etc.

2. The woof in woven fabrics.

3. (Brewing) Prepared wort added to ale to cleanse it.

Back filling. (Arch.) See under Back, a.

Fil"lip (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filliped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Filliping.] [For filp, flip. Cf. Flippant.] 1. To strike with the nail
of the finger, first placed against the ball of the thumb, and forced
from that position with a sudden spring; to snap with the finger. "You
filip me o' the head." Shak.

2. To snap; to project quickly.

    The use of the elastic switch to fillip small missiles with.


Tylor.

Fil"lip, n. 1. A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the thumb; a
smart blow.

2. Something serving to rouse or excite.

    I take a glass of grog for a filip.


Dickens.

Fil"li*peen` (?), n. See Philopena.

Fil"lis*ter (?), n. 1. The rabbet on the outer edge of a sash bar to
hold the glass and the putty. Knight.

2. A plane for making a rabbet.

Fillister screw had, a short cylindrical screw head, having a convex
top.

Fil"ly (?), n.; pl. Fillies (#). [Cf. Icel. fylia, fr. foli foal. See
Foal.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A female foal or colt; a young mare. Cf. Colt, Foal.

    Neighing in likeness of a filly foal.


Shak.

2. A lively, spirited young girl. [Colloq.] Addison.

Film (?), n. [AS. film skin, fr. fell skin; akin to fylmen membrane,
OFries. filmene skin. See Fell skin.] 1. A thin skin; a pellicle; a
membranous covering, causing opacity; hence, any thin, slight covering.

    He from thick films shall purge the visual ray.


Pope.

2. A slender thread, as that of a cobweb.

    Her whip of cricket's bone, the lash of film.


Shak.

Film, v. t. To cover with a thin skin or pellicle.

    It will but skin and film the ulcerous place.


Shak.

Film"i*ness (?), n. State of being filmy.

Film"y (?), a. Composed of film or films.

    Whose filmy cord should bind the struggling fly.


Dryden.

Fil`o*plu*ma"ceous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having the structure of a filoplume.

Fil"o*plume (?), n. [L. filum a thread &?; pluma a soft feather.]
(Zoˆl.) A hairlike feather; a father with a slender scape and without a
web in most or all of its length.

<! p. 560 !>

Fi"lose` (?), a. [L. filum a thread.] Terminating in a threadlike
process.

Fil"ter (?), n. [F. filtre, the same word as feutre felt, LL. filtrum,
feltrum, felt, fulled wool, this being used for straining liquors. See
Feuter.] Any porous substance, as cloth, paper, sand, or charcoal,
through which water or other liquid may passed to cleanse it from the
solid or impure matter held in suspension; a chamber or device
containing such substance; a strainer; also, a similar device for
purifying air.

Filter bed, a pond, the bottom of which is a filter composed of sand
gravel. -- Filter gallery, an underground gallery or tunnel, alongside
of a stream, to collect the water that filters through the intervening
sand and gravel; -- called also infiltration gallery.

Fil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filtered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Filtering]
[Cf. F. filter. See Filter, n., and cf. Filtrate.] To purify or
defecate, as water or other liquid, by causing it to pass through a
filter.

Filtering paper, or Filter paper, a porous unsized paper, for
filtering.

Fil"ter, v. i. To pass through a filter; to percolate.

Fil"ter, n. Same as Philter.

Filth (?), n. [OE. filthe, fule, AS. f&?;l, fr. fl foul; akin to OHG.
flida. See Foul, and cf. File.] 1. Foul matter; anything that soils or
defiles; dirt; nastiness.

2. Anything that sullies or defiles the moral character; corruption;
pollution.

    To purify the soul from the dross and filth of sensual delights.


Tillotson.

Filth disease (Med.), a disease supposed to be due to pollution of the
soil or water.

Filth"i*ly (?), adv. In a filthy manner; foully.

Filth"i*ness, n. 1. The state of being filthy.

    Let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and
    spirit.


2 Cor. vii. 1.

2. That which is filthy, or makes filthy; foulness; nastiness;
corruption; pollution; impurity.

    Carry forth the filthiness out of the holy place.


2 Chron. xxix. 5.

Filth"y (?), a. [Compar. Filthier (?); superl. Filthiest.] Defiled with
filth, whether material or moral; nasty; dirty; polluted; foul; impure;
obscene. "In the filthy-mantled pool." Shak.

    He which is filthy let him be filthy still.


Rev. xxii. 11.

Syn. -- Nasty; foul; dirty; squalid; unclean; sluttish; gross; vulgar;
licentious. See Nasty.

Fil"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Filtrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Filtrating. (&?;)] [Cf. LL. filtrare. See Filter.] To filter; to
defecate; as liquid, by straining or percolation. Arbuthnot.

Fil"trate (?), n. That which has been filtered; the liquid which has
passed through the filter in the process of filtration.

Fil*tra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. filtration.] The act or process of
filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from the undissolved
particles floating in it.

{ Fim"ble, n., or Fim"ble hemp` (fm"b'l hmp`). }[Corrupted from female
hemp.] Light summer hemp, that bears no seed.

||Fim"bri*a (?), n.; pl. FimbriÊ (#). [L., fringe. See Fringle.]
||(Anat.) (a) pl. A fringe, or fringed border. (b) A band of white
||matter bordering the hippocampus in the brain. -- Fim"bri*al (#), a.

Fim*bri*ate (?), a. [L. fimbriatus fibrous, fringed, fr. fimbria fiber,
fringe. See Fringe.] Having the edge or extremity bordered by filiform
processes thicker than hairs; fringed; as, the fimbriate petals of the
pink; the fimbriate end of the Fallopian tube.

Fim"bri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fimbriated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fimbriating.] To hem; to fringe. Fuller.

Fim"bri*a`ted (?), a. 1. Having a fringed border; fimbriate.

2. (Her.) Having a very narrow border of another tincture; -- said esp.
of an ordinary or subordinary.

Fim"bri*cate (?), a. 1. Fringed; jagged; fimbriate.

2. (Zoˆl.) fringed, on one side only, by long, straight hairs, as the
antennÊ of certain insects.

Fin (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Finned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Finning.] [Cf.
Fin of a fish.] To carve or cut up, as a chub.

Fin, n. [See Fine, n.] End; conclusion; object. [Obs.] "She knew eke
the fin of his intent." Chaucer.

Fin, n.[OE. finne, fin, AS. finn; akin to D. vin, G. & Dan. finne, Sw.
fena, L. pinna, penna, a wing, feather. Cf. pen a feather.] 1. (Zoˆl.)
An organ of a fish, consisting of a membrane supported by rays, or
little bony or cartilaginous ossicles, and serving to balance and
propel it in the water.

Fishes move through the water chiefly by means of the caudal fin or
tail, the principal office of the other fins being to balance or direct
the body, though they are also, to a certain extent, employed in
producing motion.

2. (Zoˆl.) A membranous, finlike, swimming organ, as in pteropod and
heteropod mollusks.

3. A finlike organ or attachment; a part of an object or product which
protrudes like a fin, as: (a) The hand. [Slang] (b) (Com.) A blade of
whalebone. [Eng.] McElrath.

(c) (Mech.) A mark or ridge left on a casting at the junction of the
parts of a mold. (d) (Mech.) The thin sheet of metal squeezed out
between the collars of the rolls in the process of rolling. Raymond.

(e) (Mech.) A feather; a spline.

4. A finlike appendage, as to submarine boats.

Apidose fin. (Zoˆl.) See under Adipose, a. -- Fin ray (Anat.), one of
the hornlike, cartilaginous, or bony, dermal rods which form the
skeleton of the fins of fishes. -- Fin whale (Zoˆl.), a finback. --
Paired fins (Zoˆl.), the pectoral and ventral fins, corresponding to
the fore and hind legs of the higher animals. -- Unpaired, or Median,
fins (Zoˆl.), the dorsal, caudal, and anal fins.

Fin"a*ble (?), a. [From Fine.] Liable or subject to a fine; as, a
finable person or offense. Bacon.

Fi"nal (f"nal), a. [F., fr. L. finalis, fr. finis boundary, limit, end.
See Finish.] 1. Pertaining to the end or conclusion; last; terminating;
ultimate; as, the final day of a school term.

    Yet despair not of his final pardon.


Milton.

2. Conclusive; decisive; as, a final judgment; the battle of Waterloo
brought the contest to a final issue.

3. Respecting an end or object to be gained; respecting the purpose or
ultimate end in view.

Final cause. See under Cause.

Syn. -- Final, Conclusive, Ultimate. Final is now appropriated to that
which brings with it an end; as, a final adjustment; the final
judgment, etc. Conclusive implies the closing of all discussion,
negotiation, etc.; as, a conclusive argument or fact; a conclusive
arrangement. In using ultimate, we have always reference to something
earlier or proceeding; as when we say, a temporary reverse may lead to
an ultimate triumph. The statements which a man finally makes at the
close of a negotiation are usually conclusive as to his ultimate
intentions and designs.

||Fi*na"le (f*n‰"l), n. [It. See Final.] Close; termination; as: (a)
||(Mus.) The last movement of a symphony, sonata, concerto, or any
||instrumental composition. (b) The last composition performed in any
||act of an opera. (c) The closing part, piece, or scene in any public
||performance or exhibition.

Fi*nal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Finalities (#). [L. finalitas the being last.]
1. The state of being final, finished, or complete; a final or
conclusive arrangement; a settlement. Baxter.

2. The relation of end or purpose to its means. Janet.

Fi"nal*ly (?), adv. 1. At the end or conclusion; ultimately; lastly;
as, the contest was long, but the Romans finally conquered.

    Whom patience finally must crown.


Milton.

2. Completely; beyond recovery.

    Not any house of noble English in Ireland was utterly destroyed or
    finally rooted out.


Sir J. Davies.

Fi*nance" (?), n. [F., fr. LL. financia payment of money, money, fr.
finare to pay a fine or subsidy (cf. OF. finer to finish, pay), fr. L.
finis end. See Fine, n., Finish.] 1. The income of a ruler or of a
state; revenue; public money; sometimes, the income of an individual;
often used in the plural for funds; available money; resources.

    All the finances or revenues of the imperial crown.


Bacon.

2. The science of raising and expending the public revenue. "Versed in
the details of finance." Macaulay.

Fi*nan"cial (?), a. Pertaining to finance. "Our financial and
commercial system." Macaulay.

Fi*nan"cial*ist, n. A financier.

Fi*nan"cial*ly, adv. In a financial manner. Burke.

Fin`an*cier" (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. financier.] 1. One charged with the
administration of finance; an officer who administers the public
revenue; a treasurer. Burke.

2. One skilled in financial operations; one acquainted with money
matters.

Fin`an*cier", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Financiered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Financiering.] To conduct financial operations.

Fin"a*ry (?), n. (Iron Works) See Finery.

Fi"na*tive (?), a. Conclusive; decisive; definitive; final. [Obs.]
Greene (1593).

Fin"back` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any whale of the genera Sibbaldius,
BalÊnoptera, and allied genera, of the family BalÊnopteridÊ,
characterized by a prominent fin on the back. The common finbacks of
the New England coast are Sibbaldius tectirostris and S. tuberosus.

Finch (fnch), n.; pl. Finches (-z). [AS. finc; akin to D. vink, OHG.
fincho, G. fink; cf. W. pinc a finch; also E. spink.] (Zoˆl.) A small
singing bird of many genera and species, belonging to the family
FringillidÊ.

The word is often used in composition, as in chaffinch, goldfinch,
grassfinch, pinefinch, etc.

Bramble finch. See Brambling. -- Canary finch, the canary bird. --
Copper finch. See Chaffinch. -- Diamond finch. See under Diamond. - -
Finch falcon (Zoˆl.), one of several very small East Indian falcons of
the genus Hierax. -- To pull a finch, to swindle an ignorant or
unsuspecting person. [Obs.] "Privily a finch eke could he pull."
Chaucer.

Finch"backed` (?), a. Streaked or spotted on the back; -- said of
cattle.

Finched (?), a. Same as Finchbacked.

Find (fnd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Found (found); p. pr. & vb. n.
Finding.] [AS. findan; akin to D. vinden, OS. & OHG. findan, G. finden,
Dan. finde, icel. & Sw. finna, Goth. fin˛an; and perh. to L. petere to
seek, Gr. pi`ptein to fall, Skr. pat to fall, fly, E. petition.] 1. To
meet with, or light upon, accidentally; to gain the first sight or
knowledge of, as of something new, or unknown; hence, to fall in with,
as a person.

    Searching the window for a flint, I found This paper, thus sealed
    up.


Shak.

    In woods and forests thou art found.


Cowley.

2. To learn by experience or trial; to perceive; to experience; to
discover by the intellect or the feelings; to detect; to feel. "I find
you passing gentle." Shak.

    The torrid zone is now found habitable.


Cowley.

3. To come upon by seeking; as, to find something lost. (a) To discover
by sounding; as, to find bottom. (b) To discover by study or experiment
direct to an object or end; as, water is found to be a compound
substance. (c) To gain, as the object of desire or effort; as, to find
leisure; to find means. (d) To attain to; to arrive at; to acquire.

    Seek, and ye shall find.


Matt. vii. 7.

    Every mountain now hath found a tongue.


Byron.

4. To provide for; to supply; to furnish; as, to find food for
workemen; he finds his nephew in money.

    Wages £14 and all found.


London Times.

    Nothing a day and find yourself.


Dickens.

5. To arrive at, as a conclusion; to determine as true; to establish;
as, to find a verdict; to find a true bill (of indictment) against an
accused person.

    To find his title with some shows of truth.


Shak.

To find out, to detect (a thief); to discover (a secret) -- to solve or
unriddle (a parable or enigma); to understand. "Canst thou by searching
find out God?" Job. xi. 7. "We do hope to find out all your tricks."
Milton. -- To find fault with, to blame; to censure. -- To find one's
self, to be; to fare; -- often used in speaking of health; as, how do
you find yourself this morning?

Find (?), v. i. (Law) To determine an issue of fact, and to declare
such a determination to a court; as, the jury find for the plaintiff.
Burrill.

Find, n. Anything found; a discovery of anything valuable; especially,
a deposit, discovered by archÊologists, of objects of prehistoric or
unknown origin.

Find"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being found; discoverable. Fuller.

Find"er (?), n. One who, or that which, finds; specifically (Astron.),
a small telescope of low power and large field of view, attached to a
larger telescope, for the purpose of finding an object more readily.

Find"fault` (?), n. A censurer or caviler. [Obs.]

Find"fault`ing, a. Apt to censure or cavil; faultfinding; captious.
[Obs.] Whitlock.

Find"ing, n. 1. That which is found, come upon, or provided; esp.
(pl.), that which a journeyman artisan finds or provides for himself;
as tools, trimmings, etc.

    When a man hath been laboring . . . in the deep mines of knowledge,
    hath furnished out his findings in all their equipage.


Milton.

2. Support; maintenance; that which is provided for one; expence;
provision.

3. (Law) The result of a judicial examination or inquiry, especially
into some matter of fact; a verdict; as, the finding of a jury.
Burrill.

    After his friends finding and his rent.


Chaucer.

Fin"dy (?), a. [AS. finding heavy; cf. Dan. fyndig strong, energetical,
fynd strength, energy, emphasis.] Full; heavy; firm; solid;
substantial. [Obs.]

    A cold May and a windy Makes the barn fat amd findy.


Old Proverb.

Fine (fn), a. [Compar. Finer (?); superl. Finest.] [F. fin, LL. finus
fine, pure, fr. L. finire to finish; cf. finitus, p. p., finished,
completed (hence the sense accomplished, perfect.) See Finish, and cf.
Finite.] 1. Finished; brought to perfection; refined; hence, free from
impurity; excellent; superior; elegant; worthy of admiration;
accomplished; beautiful.

    The gain thereof [is better] than fine gold.


Prov. iii. 14.

    A cup of wine that's brisk and fine.


Shak.

    Not only the finest gentleman of his time, but one of the finest
    scholars.


Felton.

    To soothe the sick bed of so fine a being [Keats].


Leigh Hunt.

2. Aiming at show or effect; loaded with ornament; overdressed or
overdecorated; showy.

    He gratified them with occasional . . . fine writing.


M. Arnold.

3. Nice; delicate; subtle; exquisite; artful; skillful; dexterous.

    The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine!


Pope.

    The nicest and most delicate touches of satire consist in fine
    raillery.


Dryden.

    He has as fine a hand at picking a pocket as a woman.


T. Gray.

4. Not coarse, gross, or heavy; as: (a) Not gross; subtile; thin;
tenous.

    The eye standeth in the finer medium and the object in the grosser.


Bacon.

(b) Not coarse; comminuted; in small particles; as, fine sand or flour.
(c) Not thick or heavy; slender; filmy; as, a fine thread. (d) Thin;
attenuate; keen; as, a fine edge. (e) Made of fine materials; light;
delicate; as, fine linen or silk.

5. Having (such) a proportion of pure metal in its composition; as,
coins nine tenths fine.

6. (Used ironically.)

    Ye have made a fine hand, fellows.


Shak.

Fine is often compounded with participles and adjectives, modifying
them adverbially; a, fine-drawn, fine-featured, fine-grained,
fine-spoken, fine-spun, etc.

Fine arch (Glass Making), the smaller fritting furnace of a glasshouse.
Knight. -- Fine arts. See the Note under Art. -- Fine cut, fine cut
tobacco; a kind of chewing tobacco cut up into shreds. -- Fine goods,
woven fabrics of fine texture and quality. McElrath. -- Fine stuff,
lime, or a mixture of lime, plaster, etc., used as material for the
finishing coat in plastering. -- To sail fine (Naut.), to sail as close
to the wind as possible.

Syn. -- Fine, Beautiful. When used as a word of praise, fine (being
opposed to coarse) denotes no "ordinary thing of its kind." It is not
as strong as beautiful, in reference to the single attribute implied in
the latter term; but when we speak of a fine woman, we include a
greater variety of particulars, viz., all the qualities which become a
woman, -- breeding, sentiment, tact, etc. The term is equally
comprehensive when we speak of a fine garden, landscape, horse, poem,
etc.; and, though applied to a great variety of objects, the word has
still a very definite sense, denoting a high degree of characteristic
excellence.

<! p. 561 !>

Fine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fined (fnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Fining.] [From
Fine, a.] 1. To make fine; to refine; to purify, to clarify; as, to
fine gold.

    It hath been fined and refined by . . . learned men.


Hobbes.

2. To make finer, or less coarse, as in bulk, texture, etc.; as. to
fine the soil. L. H. Bailey.

3. To change by fine gradations; as (Naut.), to fine down a ship's
lines, to diminish her lines gradually.

    I often sate at home On evenings, watching how they fined
    themselves With gradual conscience to a perfect night.


Browning.

Fine (?), n. [OE. fin, L. finis end, also in LL., a final agreement or
concord between the lord and his vassal; a sum of money paid at the
end, so as to make an end of a transaction, suit, or prosecution;
mulct; penalty; cf. OF. fin end, settlement, F. fin end. See Finish,
and cf. Finance.] 1. End; conclusion; termination; extinction. [Obs.]
"To see their fatal fine." Spenser.

    Is this the fine of his fines?


Shak.

2. A sum of money paid as the settlement of a claim, or by way of
terminating a matter in dispute; especially, a payment of money imposed
upon a party as a punishment for an offense; a mulct.

3. (Law) (a) (Feudal Law) A final agreement concerning lands or rents
between persons, as the lord and his vassal. Spelman.

(b) (Eng. Law) A sum of money or price paid for obtaining a benefit,
favor, or privilege, as for admission to a copyhold, or for obtaining
or renewing a lease.

Fine for alienation (Feudal Law), a sum of money paid to the lord by a
tenant whenever he had occasion to make over his land to another.
Burrill. -- Fine of lands, a species of conveyance in the form of a
fictitious suit compromised or terminated by the acknowledgment of the
previous owner that such land was the right of the other party.
Burrill. See Concord, n., 4. -- In fine, in conclusion; by way of
termination or summing up.

Fine, v. t. [From Fine, n.] To impose a pecuniary penalty upon for an
offense or breach of law; to set a fine on by judgment of a court; to
punish by fine; to mulct; as, the trespassers were fined ten dollars.

Fine, v. i. To pay a fine. See Fine, n., 3 (b). [R.]

    Men fined for the king's good will; or that he would remit his
    anger; women fined for leave to marry.


Hallam.

Fine, v. t. & i. [OF. finer, F. finir. See Finish, v. t.] To finish; to
cease; or to cause to cease. [Obs.]

Fine"draw` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Finedrawn (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Finedrawing.] To sew up, so nicely that the seam is not perceived; to
renter. Marryat.

Fine"draw`er (?), n. One who finedraws.

Fine"drawn` (?), a. Drawn out with too much subtilty; overnice; as,
finedrawn speculations.

Fi*neer" (?), v. i. To run in debt by getting goods made up in a way
unsuitable for the use of others, and then threatening not to take them
except on credit. [R.] Goldsmith.

Fi*neer", v. t. To veneer.

Fine"less (?), a. [Fine end + -less.] Endless; boundless. [Obs.] Shak.

Fine"ly, adv. In a fine or finished manner.

Fine"ness, n. [From Fine, a.] 1. The quality or condition of being
fine.

2. Freedom from foreign matter or alloy; clearness; purity; as, the
fineness of liquor.

    The fineness of the gold, and chargeful fashion.


Shak.

3. The proportion of pure silver or gold in jewelry, bullion, or coins.

The fineness of United States coin is nine tenths, that of English gold
coin is eleven twelfths, and that of English silver coin is .

4. Keenness or sharpness; as, the fineness of a needle's point, or of
the edge of a blade.

Fin"er (?), n. One who fines or purifies.

Fin"er*y (?), n. 1. Fineness; beauty. [Obs.]

    Don't choose your place of study by the finery of the prospects.


I. Watts.

2. Ornament; decoration; especially, excecially decoration; showy
clothes; jewels.

    Her mistress' cast-off finery.


F. W. Robertson.

3. [Cf. Refinery.] (Iron Works) A charcoal hearth or furnace for the
conversion of cast iron into wrought iron, or into iron suitable for
puddling.

Fine"spun` (?), a. Spun so as to be fine; drawn to a fine thread;
attenuated; hence, unsubstantial; visionary; as, finespun theories.

Fi`nesse" (? or ?), n. [F., fr. fin fine. See Fine, a.] 1. Subtilty of
contrivance to gain a point; artifice; stratagem.

    This is the artificialest piece of finesse to persuade men into
    slavery.


Milton.

2. (Whist Playing) The act of finessing. See Finesse, v. i., 2.

Fi*nesse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Finessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Finessing.] 1. To use artifice or stratagem. Goldsmith.

2. (Whist Playing) To attempt, when second or third player, to make a
lower card answer the purpose of a higher, when an intermediate card is
out, risking the chance of its being held by the opponent yet to play.

Fine"still` (?), v. t. To distill, as spirit from molasses or some
saccharine preparation.

Fine"still`er (?), n. One who finestills.

Fin"ew (?), n. [See Fenowed.] Moldiness. [R.]

Fin"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A finback whale. (b) (pl.) True fish, as
distinguished from shellfish.

Fin"foot` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A South American bird (Heliornis fulica)
allied to the grebes. The name is also applied to several related
species of the genus Podica.

Fin"-foot`ed, a. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having palmate feet. (b) Having lobate
toes, as the coot and grebe.

Fin"ger (f"gr), n. [AS. finger; akin to D. vinger, OS. & OHG. fingar,
G. finger, Icel. fingr, Sw. & Dan. finger, Goth. figgrs; of unknown
origin; perh. akin to E. fang.] 1. One of the five terminating members
of the hand; a digit; esp., one of the four extremities of the hand,
other than the thumb.

2. Anything that does the work of a finger; as, the pointer of a clock,
watch, or other registering machine; especially (Mech.) a small
projecting rod, wire, or piece, which is brought into contact with an
object to effect, direct, or restrain a motion.

3. The breadth of a finger, or the fourth part of the hand; a measure
of nearly an inch; also, the length of finger, a measure in domestic
use in the United States, of about four and a half inches or one eighth
of a yard.

    A piece of steel three fingers thick.


Bp. Wilkins.

4. Skill in the use of the fingers, as in playing upon a musical
instrument. [R.]

    She has a good finger.


Busby.

Ear finger, the little finger. -- Finger alphabet. See Dactylology. - -
Finger bar, the horizontal bar, carrying slotted spikes, or fingers,
through which the vibratory knives of mowing and reaping machines play.
-- Finger board (Mus.), the part of a stringed instrument against which
the fingers press the strings to vary the tone; the keyboard of a
piano, organ, etc.; manual. -- Finger bowl or glass, a bowl or glass to
hold water for rinsing the fingers at table. -- Finger flower (Bot.),
the foxglove. -- Finger grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Panicum
sanguinale) with slender radiating spikes; common crab grass. See Crab
grass, under Crab. -- Finger nut, a fly nut or thumb nut. -- Finger
plate, a strip of metal, glass, etc., to protect a painted or polished
door from finger marks. -- Finger post, a guide post bearing an index
finger. -- Finger reading, reading printed in relief so as to be
sensible to the touch; -- so made for the blind. -- Finger shell
(Zoˆl.), a marine shell (Pholas dactylus) resembling a finger in form.
-- Finger sponge (Zoˆl.), a sponge having finger-shaped lobes, or
branches. -- Finger stall, a cover or shield for a finger. -- Finger
steel, a steel instrument for whetting a currier's knife.

To burn one's fingers. See under Burn. -- To have a finger in, to be
concerned in. [Colloq.] -- To have at one's fingers' ends, to be
thoroughly familiar with. [Colloq.]

Fin"ger (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fingered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fingering.] 1. To touch with the fingers; to handle; to meddle with.

    Let the papers lie; You would be fingering them to anger me.


Shak.

2. To touch lightly; to toy with.

3. (Mus.) (a) To perform on an instrument of music. (b) To mark the
notes of (a piece of music) so as to guide the fingers in playing.

4. To take thievishly; to pilfer; to purloin. Shak.

5. To execute, as any delicate work.

Fin"ger, v. i. (Mus.) To use the fingers in playing on an instrument.
Busby.

Fin"gered (?), a. 1. Having fingers.

2. (Bot.) Having leaflets like fingers; digitate.

3. (Mus.) Marked with figures designating which finger should be used
for each note.

Fin"ger*er (?), n. One who fingers; a pilferer.

Fin"ger*ing, n. 1. The act or process of handling or touching with the
fingers.

    The mere sight and fingering of money.


Grew.

2. The manner of using the fingers in playing or striking the keys of
an instrument of music; movement or management of the fingers in
playing on a musical instrument, in typewriting, etc.

3. The marking of the notes of a piece of music to guide or regulate
the action or use of the fingers.

4. Delicate work made with the fingers. Spenser.

Fin"ger*ling (?), n. [Finger + -ling.] (Zoˆl.) A young salmon. See
Parr.

Fin"gle-fan`gle (?), n. [From fangle.] A trifle. [Low] Hudibras.

||Fin"gri*go (?), n.; pl. Fingrigos (#). [So called in Jamaica.] (Bot.)
||A prickly, climbing shrub of the genus Pisonia. The fruit is a kind
||of berry.

Fin"i*al (?), n. [L. finire to finish, end. See Finish.] (Arch.) The
knot or bunch of foliage, or foliated ornament, that forms the upper
extremity of a pinnacle in Gothic architecture; sometimes, the pinnacle
itself.

Fin"i*cal (?), a. [From Fine, a.] Affectedly fine; overnice; unduly
particular; fastidious. "Finical taste." Wordsworth.

    The gross style consists in giving no detail, the finical in giving
    nothing else.


Hazlitt.

Syn. -- Finical, Spruce, Foppish. These words are applied to persons
who are studiously desirous to cultivate finery of appearance. One who
is spruce is elaborately nice in dress; one who is finical shows his
affectation in language and manner as well as in dress; one who is
foppish distinguishes himself by going to the extreme of the fashion in
the cut of his clothes, by the tawdriness of his ornaments, and by the
ostentation of his manner. "A finical gentleman clips his words and
screws his body into as small a compass as possible, to give himself
the air of a delicate person; a spruce gentleman strives not to have a
fold wrong in his frill or cravat, nor a hair of his head to lie amiss;
a foppish gentleman seeks . . . to render himself distinguished for
finery." Crabb.

-- Fin"i*cal*ly, adv. -- Fin"i*cal*ness, n.

Fin`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being finical; finicalness.

{ Fin"ick*ing (?), Fin"ick*y, a. } Finical; unduly particular.
[Colloq.]

Fi*nif"ic (? or ?), n. [L. finis end + facere to make.] A limiting
element or quality. [R.]

    The essential finific in the form of the finite.


Coleridge.

Fin"i*fy (? or ?), v. t. [Fine, a. + -fy.] To make fine; to dress
finically. [Obs.]

    Hath so pared and finified them [his feet.]


B. Jonson.

Fin"i*kin (?), a. [Fine, a. + -kin.] Precise in trifles; idly busy.
[Colloq.] Smart.

Fin"ing (?), n. 1. The act of imposing a fin&?;.

2. The process of fining or refining; clarification; also (Metal.), the
conversion of cast iron into suitable for puddling, in a hearth or
charcoal fire.

3. That which is used to refine; especially, a preparation of
isinglass, gelatin, etc., for clarifying beer.

Fining pot, a vessel in which metals are refined. Prov. xvii. 3.

||Fi"nis (?), n. [L.] An end; conclusion. It is often placed at the end
||of a book.

Fin"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Finished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Finishing.] [F. finir (with a stem finiss- in several forms, whence E.
-ish: see -ish.),fr. L. finire to limit, finish, end, fr. finis
boundary, limit, end; perh. for fidnis, and akin findere to cleave, E.
fissure.] 1. To arrive at the end of; to bring to an end; to put an end
to; to make an end of; to terminate.

    And heroically hath finished A life heroic.


Milton.

2. To bestow the last required labor upon; to complete; to bestow the
utmost possible labor upon; to perfect; to accomplish; to polish.

Syn. -- To end; terminate; close; conclude; complete; accomplish;
perfect.

Fin"ish, v. i. 1. To come to an end; to terminate.

    His days may finish ere that hapless time.


Shak.

2. To end; to die. [R.] Shak.

Fin"ish, n. 1. That which finishes, puts an end to&?; or perfects.

2. (Arch.) The joiner work and other finer work required for the
completion of a building, especially of the interior. See Inside
finish, and Outside finish.

3. (Fine Arts) (a) The labor required to give final completion to any
work; hence, minute detail, careful elaboration, or the like. (b) See
Finishing coat, under Finishing.

4. The result of completed labor, as on the surface of an object;
manner or style of finishing; as, a rough, dead, or glossy finish given
to cloth, stone, metal, etc.

5. Completion; -- opposed to start, or beginning.

Fin"ished (?), a. Polished to the highest degree of excellence;
complete; perfect; as, a finished poem; a finished education.

Finished work (Mach.), work that is made smooth or polished, though not
necessarily completed.

Fin"ish*er (?), n. 1. One who finishes, puts an end to, completes, or
perfects; esp. used in the trades, as in hatting, weaving, etc., for
the workman who gives a finishing touch to the work, or any part of it,
and brings it to perfection.

    O prophet of glad tidings, finisher Of utmost hope!


Milton.

2. Something that gives the finishing touch to, or settles, anything.
[Colloq.]

Fin"ish*ing, n. The act or process of completing or perfecting; the
final work upon or ornamentation of a thing.

Fin"ish*ing, a. Tending to complete or to render fit for the market or
for use.

Finishing coat. (a) (Plastering) the final coat of plastering applied
to walls and ceilings, usually white and rubbed smooth. (b) (Painting)
The final coat of paint, usually differently mixed applied from the
others. -- Finishing press, a machine for pressing fabrics. --
Finishing rolls (Iron Working), the rolls of a train which receive the
bar from roughing rolls, and reduce it to its finished shape. Raymond.

Fi"nite (?), a. [L. finitus, p. p. of finire. See Finish, and cf. Fine,
a.] Having a limit; limited in quantity, degree, or capacity; bounded;
-- opposed to infinite; as, finite number; finite existence; a finite
being; a finite mind; finite duration.

Fi"nite*less, a. Infinite. [Obs.] Sir T. browne.

Fi"nite*ly, adv. In a finite manner or degree.

Fi"nite*ness, n. The state of being finite.

Fin"i*tude (?), n. [L. finire. See Finish.] Limitation. Cheyne.

Fin"land*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Finland.

Fin"less, a. (Zoˆl.) destitute of fins.

Fin"let (?), n. [Fin + - let.] A little fin; one of the parts of a
divided fin.

Fin"like` (?), a. Resembling a fin.

Finn (?), a. A native of Finland; one of the Finn&?; in the
ethnological sense. See Finns.

Fin"nan had"die (?). [See Haddock.] Haddock cured in peat smoke,
originally at Findon (pron. fn"an), Scotland. the name is also applied
to other kinds of smoked haddock. [Written also finnan haddock.]

Finned (?), a. Having a fin, or fins, or anything resembling a fin.
Mortimer.

Fin"ner (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A finback whale.

Finn"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Finns.

Fin"ni*kin (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A variety of pigeon, with a crest somewhat
resembling the mane of a horse. [Written also finikin.]

Finn"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Finland, to the Finns, or to their
language. -- n. A Northern Turanian group of languages; the language of
the Finns.

Finns (?), n. pl.; sing. Finn. (Ethnol.) (a) Natives of Finland;
Finlanders. (b) A branch of the Mongolian race, inhabiting Northern and
Eastern Europe, including the Magyars, Bulgarians, Permians, Lapps, and
Finlanders. [Written also Fins.]

Fin"ny (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) Having, or abounding in, fins, as fishes;
pertaining to fishes.

2. Abounding in fishes.

    With patient angle trolls the finny deep.


Goldsmoth.

||Fi*no"chi*o (?; 277), n. [It. finocchio fennel, LL. fenuclum. See
||Fennel.] (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Fúniculum dulce) having a
||somewhat tuberous stem; sweet fennel. The blanched stems are used in
||France and Italy as a culinary vegetable.

<! p. 562 !>

||Fi"nos (?), n. pl. [Sp., pl., fr. fino fine.] Second best wool from
||Merino sheep. Gardner.

Fin"pike` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The bichir. See Crossopterygii.

Fint (?), 3d pers. sing. pr. of Find, for findeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fin"-toed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having toes connected by a membrane;
palmiped; palmated; also, lobate.

||Fiord (fy&?;rd; i or y consonant, ß 272), n. [Dan. & Norw. fiord. See
||Frith.] A narrow inlet of the sea, penetrating between high banks or
||rocks, as on the coasts of Norway and Alaska. [Written also fjord.]

Fi"o*rin (?), n. [Cf. Ir. fiothran a sort of grass.] (Bot.) A species
of creeping bent grass (Agrostis alba); -- called also fiorin grass.

Fi"o*rite (?), n. (Min.) A variety of opal occuring in the cavities of
volcanic tufa, in smooth and shining globular and botryoidal masses,
having a pearly luster; - - so called from Fiora, in Ischia.

||Fio`ri*tu"re (?), n. pl. [It., pl. of fioritura a flowering.] (Mus.)
||Little flowers of ornament introduced into a melody by a singer or
||player.

Fip"pen*ny bit` (? or ?). [Corruption of five penny bit.] The Spanish
half real, or one sixteenth of a dollar, - - so called in Pennsylvania
and the adjacent States. [Obs.]

Before the act of Congress, Feb. 21, 1857, caused the adoption of
decimal coins and the withdrawal of foreign coinage from circulation,
this coin passed currently for 6º cents, and was called in New England
a fourpence ha'penny or fourpence; in New York a sixpence; in
Pennsylvania, Virginia, etc., a fip; and in Louisiana, a picayune.

Fip"ple (fr), n. [perh. fr. L. fibula a clasp, a pin; cf. Prov. E.
fible a stick used to stir pottage.] A stopper, as in a wind instrument
of music. [Obs.] Bacon.

Fir (fr), n. [Dan. fyr, fyrr; akin to Sw. furu, Icel. fura, AS. furh in
furhwudu fir wood, G. fˆhre, OHG. forha pine, vereheih a sort of oak,
L. quercus oak.] (Bot.) A genus (Abies) of coniferous trees, often of
large size and elegant shape, some of them valued for their timber and
others for their resin. The species are distinguished as the balsam
fir, the silver fir, the red fir, etc. The Scotch fir is a Pinus.

Fir in the Bible means any one of several coniferous trees, including,
cedar, cypress, and probably three species of pine. J. D. Hooker.

Fire (fr), n. [OE. fir, fyr, fur AS. fr; akin to D. vuur, OS. & OHG.
fiur, G. feuer, Icel. fri, frr, Gr. py^r, and perh. to L. purus pure,
E. pure Cf. Empyrean, Pyre.] 1. The evolution of light and heat in the
combustion of bodies; combustion; state of ignition.

The form of fire exhibited in the combustion of gases in an ascending
stream or current is called flame. Anciently, fire, air, earth, and
water were regarded as the four elements of which all things are
composed.

2. Fuel in a state of combustion, as on a hearth, or in a stove or a
furnace.

3. The burning of a house or town; a conflagration.

4. Anything which destroys or affects like fire.

5. Ardor of passion, whether love or hate; excessive warmth; consuming
violence of temper.

    he had fire in his temper.


Atterbury.

6. Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual and moral
enthusiasm; capacity for ardor and zeal.

    And bless their critic with a poet's fire.


Pope.

7. Splendor; brilliancy; luster; hence, a star.

    Stars, hide your fires.


Shak.

    As in a zodiac representing the heavenly fires.


Milton.

8. Torture by burning; severe trial or affliction.

9. The discharge of firearms; firing; as, the troops were exposed to a
heavy fire.

Blue fire, Red fire, Green fire (Pyrotech.), compositions of various
combustible substances, as sulphur, niter, lampblack, etc., the flames
of which are colored by various metallic salts, as those of antimony,
strontium, barium, etc. -- Fire alarm (a) A signal given on the
breaking out of a fire. (b) An apparatus for giving such an alarm. --
Fire annihilator, a machine, device, or preparation to be kept at hand
for extinguishing fire by smothering it with some incombustible vapor
or gas, as carbonic acid. -- Fire balloon. (a) A balloon raised in the
air by the buoyancy of air heated by a fire placed in the lower part.
(b) A balloon sent up at night with fireworks which ignite at a
regulated height. Simmonds. -- Fire bar, a grate bar. -- Fire basket, a
portable grate; a cresset. Knight. -- Fire beetle. (Zoˆl.) See in the
Vocabulary. -- Fire blast, a disease of plants which causes them to
appear as if burnt by fire. -- Fire box, the chamber of a furnace,
steam boiler, etc., for the fire. -- Fire brick, a refractory brick,
capable of sustaining intense heat without fusion, usually made of fire
clay or of siliceous material, with some cementing substance, and used
for lining fire boxes, etc. -- Fire brigade, an organized body of men
for extinguished fires. -- Fire bucket. See under Bucket. -- Fire bug,
an incendiary; one who, from malice or through mania, persistently sets
fire to property; a pyromaniac. [U.S.] -- Fire clay. See under Clay. --
Fire company, a company of men managing an engine in extinguishing
fires. -- Fire cross. See Fiery cross. [Obs.] Milton. -- Fire damp. See
under Damp. -- Fire dog. See Firedog, in the Vocabulary. -- Fire drill.
(a) A series of evolutions performed by fireman for practice. (b) An
apparatus for producing fire by friction, by rapidly twirling a wooden
pin in a wooden socket; -- used by the Hindoos during all historic
time, and by many savage peoples. -- Fire eater. (a) A juggler who
pretends to eat fire. (b) A quarrelsome person who seeks affrays; a
hotspur. [Colloq.] -- Fire engine, a portable forcing pump, usually on
wheels, for throwing water to extinguish fire. -- Fire escape, a
contrivance for facilitating escape from burning buildings. -- Fire
gilding (Fine Arts), a mode of gilding with an amalgam of gold and
quicksilver, the latter metal being driven off afterward by heat. --
Fire gilt (Fine Arts), gold laid on by the process of fire gilding. --
Fire insurance, the act or system of insuring against fire; also, a
contract by which an insurance company undertakes, in consideration of
the payment of a premium or small percentage -- usually made
periodically -- to indemnify an owner of property from loss by fire
during a specified period. -- Fire irons, utensils for a fireplace or
grate, as tongs, poker, and shovel. -- Fire main, a pipe for water, to
be used in putting out fire. -- Fire master (Mil), an artillery officer
who formerly supervised the composition of fireworks. -- Fire office,
an office at which to effect insurance against fire. -- Fire opal, a
variety of opal giving firelike reflections. -- Fire ordeal, an ancient
mode of trial, in which the test was the ability of the accused to
handle or tread upon red-hot irons. Abbot. -- Fire pan, a pan for
holding or conveying fire, especially the receptacle for the priming of
a gun. -- Fire plug, a plug or hydrant for drawing water from the main
pipes in a street, building, etc., for extinguishing fires. -- Fire
policy, the writing or instrument expressing the contract of insurance
against loss by fire. -- Fire pot. (a) (Mil.) A small earthen pot
filled with combustibles, formerly used as a missile in war. (b) The
cast iron vessel which holds the fuel or fire in a furnace. (c) A
crucible. (d) A solderer's furnace. -- Fire raft, a raft laden with
combustibles, used for setting fire to an enemy's ships. -- Fire roll,
a peculiar beat of the drum to summon men to their quarters in case of
fire. -- Fire setting (Mining), the process of softening or cracking
the working face of a lode, to facilitate excavation, by exposing it to
the action of fire; -- now generally superseded by the use of
explosives. Raymond. -- Fire ship, a vessel filled with combustibles,
for setting fire to an enemy's ships. -- Fire shovel, a shovel for
taking up coals of fire. -- Fire stink, the stench from decomposing
iron pyrites, caused by the formation of sulphureted hydrogen. Raymond.
-- Fire surface, the surfaces of a steam boiler which are exposed to
the direct heat of the fuel and the products of combustion; heating
surface. -- Fire swab, a swab saturated with water, for cooling a gun
in action and clearing away particles of powder, etc. Farrow. -- Fire
teaser, in England, the fireman of a steam emgine. -- Fire water,
ardent spirits; -- so called by the American Indians. -- Fire worship,
the worship of fire, which prevails chiefly in Persia, among the
followers of Zoroaster, called Chebers, or Guebers, and among the
Parsees of India. -- Greek fire. See under Greek. -- On fire, burning;
hence, ardent; passionate; eager; zealous. -- Running fire, the rapid
discharge of firearms in succession by a line of troops. -- St.
Anthony's fire, erysipelas; -- an eruptive fever which St. Anthony was
supposed to cure miraculously. Hoblyn. -- St. Elmo's fire. See under
Saint Elmo. -- To set on fire, to inflame; to kindle. -- To take fire,
to begin to burn; to fly into a passion.

Fire (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fring.] 1. To
set on fire; to kindle; as, to fire a house or chimney; to fire a pile.

2. To subject to intense heat; to bake; to burn in a kiln; as, to fire
pottery.

3. To inflame; to irritate, as the passions; as, to fire the soul with
anger, pride, or revenge.

    Love had fired my mind.


Dryden.

4. To animate; to give life or spirit to; as, to fire the genius of a
young man.

5. To feed or serve the fire of; as, to fire a boiler.

6. To light up as if by fire; to illuminate.

    [The sun] fires the proud tops of the eastern pines.


Shak.

7. To cause to explode; as, to fire a torpedo; to disharge; as, to fire
a musket or cannon; to fire cannon balls, rockets, etc.

8. To drive by fire. [Obs.]

    Till my bad angel fire my good one out.


Shak.

9. (Far.) To cauterize.

To fire up, to light up the fires of, as of an engine.

Fire, v. i. 1. To take fire; to be kindled; to kindle.

2. To be irritated or inflamed with passion.

3. To discharge artillery or firearms; as, they fired on the town.

To fire up, to grow irritated or angry. "He . . . fired up, and stood
vigorously on his defense." Macaulay.

Fire"arm` (-‰rm`), n. A gun, pistol, or any weapon from which a shot is
discharged by the force of an explosive substance, as gunpowder.

Fire"back` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of pheasants of the
genus Euplocamus, having the lower back a bright, fiery red. They
inhabit Southern Asia and the East Indies.

Fire"ball` (?), n. (a) (Mil.) A ball filled with powder or other
combustibles, intended to be thrown among enemies, and to injure by
explosion; also, to set fire to their works and light them up, so that
movements may be seen. (b) A luminous meteor, resembling a ball of fire
passing rapidly through the air, and sometimes exploding.

Fire"bare` (?), n. A beacon. [Obs.] Burrill.

Fire" bee`tle (?). (Zoˆl.) A very brilliantly luminous beetle
(Pyrophorus noctilucus), one of the elaters, found in Central and South
America; -- called also cucujo. The name is also applied to other
species. See Firefly.

Fire"bird` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The Baltimore oriole.

Fire"board` (?), n. A chimney board or screen to close a fireplace when
not in use.

Fire"bote` (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) An allowance of fuel. See Bote.

Fire"brand` (?), n. 1. A piece of burning wood. L'Estrange.

2. One who inflames factions, or causes contention and mischief; an
incendiary. Bacon.

Fire"crack`er (?), n. See Cracker., n., 3.

Fire"crest` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small European kinglet (Regulus
ignicapillus), having a bright red crest; -- called also fire-crested
wren.

Fire"dog` (?), n. A support for wood in a fireplace; an andiron.

Fire"drake` (?), n. [AS. frdraca; fr fire + draca a dragon. See Fire,
and Drake a dragon.] [Obs.] 1. A fiery dragon. Beau. & Fl.

2. A fiery meteor; an ignis fatuus; a rocket.

3. A worker at a furnace or fire. B. Jonson.

Fire"-fanged` (?), a. [Fire + fanged seized.] Injured as by fire;
burned; -- said of manure which has lost its goodness and acquired an
ashy hue in consequence of heat generated by decomposition.

Fire"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A singular marine fish of the genus Pterois,
family ScorpÊnidÊ, of several species, inhabiting the Indo-Pacific
region. They are usually red, and have very large spinose pectoral and
dorsal fins.

Fire"flaire` (?), n. [Fire + Prov. E. flaire a ray.] (Zoˆl.) A European
sting ray of the genus Trygon (T. pastinaca); -- called also fireflare
and fiery flaw.

Fire"flame` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European band fish (Cepola rubescens).

Fire"fly` (?), n.; pl. Fireflies (&?;). (Zoˆl.) Any luminous winged
insect, esp. luminous beetles of the family LampyridÊ.

The common American species belong to the genera Photinus and Photuris,
in which both sexes are winged. The name is also applied to luminous
species of ElateridÊ. See Fire beetle.

Fire"less, a. Destitute of fire.

Fire"lock`, n. An old form of gunlock, as the flintlock, which ignites
the priming by a spark; perhaps originally, a matchlock. Hence, a gun
having such a lock.

Fire"man (?), n.; pl. Firemen (-men). 1. A man whose business is to
extinguish fires in towns; a member of a fire company.

2. A man who tends the fires, as of a steam engine; a stocker.

Fire"-new` (?), a. Fresh from the forge; bright; quite new; brand-new.
Charles reade.

    Your fire-new stamp of honor is scarce current.


Shak.

Fire"place` (?), n. The part a chimney appropriated to the fire; a
hearth; -- usually an open recess in a wall, in which a fire may be
built.

Fire"proof` (?), a. Proof against fire; incombustible.

Fire"proof`ing (?), n. The act or process of rendering anything
incombustible; also, the materials used in the process.

Fir"er (?), n. One who fires or sets fire to anything; an incendiary.
[R.] R. Carew.

Fire"-set` (?), n. A set of fire irons, including, commonly, tongs,
shovel, and poker.

Fire"side` (?), n. A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life
or retirement.

Fire"stone` (?; 110), n. [AS. frstn flint; fr fire + stn stone.] 1.
Iron pyrites, formerly used for striking fire; also, a flint.

2. A stone which will bear the heat of a furnace without injury; --
especially applied to the sandstone at the top of the upper greensand
in the south of England, used for lining kilns and furnaces. Ure.

Fire"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European redstart; -- called also
fireflirt. [prov. Eng.]

Fire"ward`en (?), n. An officer who has authority to direct in the
extinguishing of fires, or to order what precautions shall be taken
against fires; -- called also fireward.

Fire"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An American plant (Erechthites
hiercifolia), very troublesome in spots where brushwood has been
burned. (b) The great willow-herb (Epilobium spicatum).

Fire"wood` (?), n. Wood for fuel.

Fire"work` (?), n. 1. A device for producing a striking display of
light, or a figure or figures in plain or colored fire, by the
combustion of materials that burn in some peculiar manner, as
gunpowder, sulphur, metallic filings, and various salts. The most
common feature of fireworks is a paper or pasteboard tube filled with
the combustible material. A number of these tubes or cases are often
combined so as to make, when kindled, a great variety of figures in
fire, often variously colored. The skyrocket is a common form of
firework. The name is also given to various combustible preparations
used in war. [1913 Webster]

2. pl. A pyrotechnic exhibition. [Obs. in the sing.]

    Night before last, the Duke of Richmond gave a firework.


Walpole.

Fire"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The larva of a small tortricid moth which
eats the leaves of the cranberry, so that the vines look as if burned;
-- called also cranberry worm.

Fir"ing, n. 1. The act of discharging firearms.

2. The mode of introducing fuel into the furnace and working it.
Knight.

3. The application of fire, or of a cautery. Dunglison.

4. The process of partly vitrifying pottery by exposing it to intense
heat in a kiln.

5. Fuel; firewood or coal. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Firing iron, an instrument used in cauterizing.

<! p. 563 !>

Firk (?), v. t. [Cf. OE. ferken to proceed, hasten, AS. fercian to
bring, assist; perh. akin to faran to go, E. fare.] To beat; to strike;
to chastise. [Obs.]

    I'll fer him, and firk him, and ferret him.


Shak.

Firk, v. i. To fly out; to turn out; to go off. [Obs.]

    A wench is a rare bait, with which a man


    No sooner's taken but he straight firks mad.B.Jonson.


Firk, n. A freak; trick; quirk. [Obs.] Ford.

Fir"kin (?), n. [From AS. feÛwer four (or an allied word, perh. Dutch
or Danish) + -kin. See Four.] 1. A varying measure of capacity, usually
being the fourth part of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to
nine imperial gallons. [Eng.]

2. A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate size, -- used for
butter, lard, etc. [U.S.]

Fir"lot (?), n. [Scot., the fourth part of a boll of grain, from a word
equiv. to E. four + lot part, portion. See Firkin.] A dry measure
formerly used in Scotland; the fourth part of a boll of grain or meal.
The Linlithgow wheat firlot was to the imperial bushel as 998 to 1000;
the barley firlot as 1456 to 1000. Brande & C.

Firm (?), a. [Compar. Firmer (?); superl. Firmest.] [OE. ferme, F.
ferme, fr.L. firmus; cf. Skr. dharman support, law, order, dh&?; to
hold fast, carry. Cf. Farm, Throne.] 1. Fixed; hence, closely
compressed; compact; substantial; hard; solid; -- applied to the matter
of bodies; as, firm flesh; firm muscles, firm wood.

2. Not easily excited or disturbed; unchanging in purpose; fixed;
steady; constant; stable; unshaken; not easily changed in feelings or
will; strong; as, a firm believer; a firm friend; a firm adherent.

    Under spread ensigns, moving nigh, in slow But firm battalion.


Milton.

    By one man's firm obediency fully tried.


Milton.

3. Solid; -- opposed to fluid; as, firm land.

4. Indicating firmness; as, a firm tread; a firm countenance.

Syn. -- Compact; dense; hard; solid; stanch; robust; strong; sturdly;
fixed; steady; resolute; constant.

Firm, n. [It. firma the (firm, sure, or confirming) signature or
subscription, or Pg. firma signature, firm, cf. Sp. firma signature;
all fr. L. firmus, adj., firm. See Firm, a.] The name, title, or style,
under which a company transacts business; a partnership of two or more
persons; a commercial house; as, the firm of Hope & Co.

Firm, v. t. [OE. fermen to make firm, F. fermer, fr. L. firmare to make
firm. See Firm, a.] 1. To fix; to settle; to confirm; to establish.
[Obs.]

    And Jove has firmed it with an awful nod.


Dryden.

2. To fix or direct with firmness. [Obs.]

    He on his card and compass firms his eye.


Spenser.

Fir"ma*ment (?), n. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F.
firmament. See Firm, v. & a.] 1. Fixed foundation; established basis.
[Obs.]

    Custom is the . . . firmament of the law.


Jer. Taylor.

2. The region of the air; the sky or heavens.

    And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters,
    and let it divide the waters from the waters.


Gen. i. 6.

    And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament.


Gen. i. 14.

In Scripture, the word denotes an expanse, a wide extent; the great
arch or expanse over out heads, in which are placed the atmosphere and
the clouds, and in which the stars appear to be placed, and are really
seen.

3. (Old Astron.) The orb of the fixed stars; the most rmote of the
celestial spheres.

Fir`ma*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to the firmament; celestial; being of
the upper regions. Dryden.

Fir"man (? or ?), n.; pl. Firmans (#) or (#). [Pers. fermn.] In Turkey
and some other Oriental countries, a decree or mandate issued by the
sovereign; a royal order or grant; -- generally given for special
objects, as to a traveler to insure him protection and assistance.
[Written also firmaun.]

Firm"er-chis"el (?), n. A chisel, thin in proportion to its width. It
has a tang to enter the handle instead of a socket for receiving it.
Knight.

Firm"i*tude (?), n. [L. firmitudo. See Firm.] Strength; stability.
[Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Firm"i*ty (?), n. [L. firmitas.] Strength; firmness; stability. [Obs.]
Chillingworth.

Firm"less, a. 1. Detached from substance. [Obs.]

    Does passion still the firmless mind control?


Pope.

2. Infirm; unstable. "Firmless sands." Sylvester.

Firm"ly, adv. In a firm manner.

Firm"ness, n. The state or quality of being firm.

Syn. -- Firmness, Constancy. Firmness belongs to the will, and
constancy to the affections and principles; the former prevents us from
yielding, and the latter from fluctuating. Without firmness a man has
no character; "without constancy," says Addison, "there is neither
love, friendship, nor virtue in the world."

Firms (?), n. pl. [From Firm, a.] (Arch.) The principal rafters of a
roof, especially a pair of rafters taken together. [Obs.]

Fir"ring (?), n. (Arch.) See Furring.

Fir"ry (?), a. Made of fir; abounding in firs.

    In firry woodlands making moan.


Tennyson.

First (?), a. [OE. first, furst, AS. fyrst; akin to Icel. fyrstr, Sw. &
Dan. fˆrste, OHG. furist, G. f¸rst prince; a superlatiye form of E.
for, fore. See For, Fore, and cf. Formeer, Foremost.] 1. Preceding all
others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest; as, the first
day of a month; the first year of a reign.

2. Foremost; in front of, or in advance of, all others.

3. Most eminent or exalted; most excellent; chief; highest; as,
Demosthenes was the first orator of Greece.

At first blush. See under Blush. -- At first hand, from the first or
original source; without the intervention of any agent.

    It is the intention of the person to reveal it at first hand, by
    way of mouth, to yourself.


Dickens.

-- First coat (Plastering), the solid foundation of coarse stuff, on
which the rest is placed; it is thick, and crossed with lines, so as to
give a bond for the next coat. -- First day, Sunday; -- so called by
the Friends. -- First floor. (a) The ground floor. [U.S.] (b) The floor
next above the ground floor. [Eng.] -- First fruit or fruits. (a) The
fruits of the season earliest gathered. (b) (Feudal Law) One year's
profits of lands belonging to the king on the death of a tenant who
held directly from him. (c) (Eng. Eccl. Law) The first year's whole
profits of a benefice or spiritual living. (d) The earliest effects or
results.

    See, Father, what first fruits on earth are sprung From thy
    implanted grace in man!


Milton.

-- First mate, an officer in a merchant vessel next in rank to the
captain. -- First name, same as Christian name. See under Name, n. --
First officer (Naut.), in the merchant service, same as First mate
(above). -- First sergeant (Mil.), the ranking non-commissioned officer
in a company; the orderly sergeant. Farrow. -- First watch (Naut.), the
watch from eight to twelve at midnight; also, the men on duty during
that time. -- First water, the highest quality or purest luster; --
said of gems, especially of diamond and pearls.

Syn. -- Primary; primordial; primitive; primeval; pristine; highest;
chief; principal; foremost.

First (?), adv. Before any other person or thing in time, space, rank,
etc.; -- much used in composition with adjectives and participles.

    Adam was first formed, then Eve.


1 Tim. ii. 13.

At first, At the first, at the beginning or origin. -- First or last,
at one time or another; at the beginning or end.

    And all are fools and lovers first or last.


Dryden.

First, n. (Mus.) The upper part of a duet, trio, etc., either vocal or
instrumental; -- so called because it generally expresses the air, and
has a preÎminence in the combined effect.

First"born` (?), a. First brought forth; first in the order of
nativity; eldest; hence, most excellent; most distinguished or exalted.

First"-class` (?), a. Of the best class; of the highest rank; in the
first division; of the best quality; first-rate; as, a first-class
telescope.

First-class car or First-class railway carriage, any passenger car of
the highest regular class, and intended for passengers who pay the
highest regular rate; -- distinguished from a second-class car.

First"-hand` (?), a. Obtained directly from the first or original
source; hence, without the intervention of an agent.

    One sphere there is . . . where the apprehension of him is
    first-hand and direct; and that is the sphere of our own mind.


J. Martineau.

First"ling (?), n. [First + - ling.] 1. The first produce or offspring;
-- said of animals, especially domestic animals; as, the firstlings of
his flock. Milton.

2. The thing first thought or done.

    The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand.


Shak.

First"ling, a. Firstborn.

    All the firstling males.


Deut. xv. 19.

First"ly, adv. In the first place; before anything else; -- sometimes
improperly used for first.

First"-rate` (?), a. Of the highest excellence; preÎminent in quality,
size, or estimation.

    Our only first-rate body of contemporary poetry is the German.


M. Arnold.

    Hermocrates . . . a man of first-rate ability.


Jowett (Thucyd).

First"-rate`, n. (Naut.) A war vessel of the highest grade or the most
powerful class.

Firth (?), n. [Scot. See Frith.] (geog.) An arm of the sea; a frith.

Fir" tree` (?). See Fir.

Fisc (?), n. [F. fisc, fr. L. fiscus basket, money basket, treasury;
prob. akin to fascis bundle. See Fasces.] A public or state treasury.
Burke.

Fis"cal (?), a. [F. fiscal, L. fiscalis, fr. fiscus. See Fisc.]
Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue.

    The fiscal arreangements of government.


A>Hamilton.

Fis"cal, n. 1. The income of a prince or a state; revenue; exhequer.
[Obs.] Bacon.

2. A treasurer. H. Swinburne.

3. A public officer in Scotland who prosecutes in petty criminal cases;
-- called also procurator fiscal.

4. The solicitor in Spain and Portugal; the attorney-general.

Fi*set"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to fustet or fisetin.

Fis"e*tin (?), n. [G. fisettholz a species of fustic.] (Chem.) A yellow
crystalline substance extracted from fustet, and regarded as its
essential coloring principle; -- called also fisetic acid.

Fish (?), n. [F. fiche peg, mark, fr. fisher to fix.] A counter, used
in various games.

Fish, n.; pl. Fishes (#), or collectively, Fish. [OE. fisch, fisc, fis,
AS. fisc; akin to D. visch, OS. & OHG. fisk, G. fisch, Icel. fiskr, Sw.
& Dan. fisk, Goth. fisks, L. piscis, Ir. iasg. Cf. Piscatorial. In some
cases, such as fish joint, fish plate, this word has prob. been
confused with fish, fr. F. fichea peg.] 1. A name loosely applied in
popular usage to many animals of diverse characteristics, living in the
water.

2. (Zoˆl.) An oviparous, vertebrate animal usually having fins and a
covering scales or plates. It breathes by means of gills, and lives
almost entirely in the water. See Pisces.

The true fishes include the Teleostei (bony fishes), Ganoidei, Dipnoi,
and Elasmobranchii or Selachians (sharks and skates). Formerly the
leptocardia and Marsipobranciata were also included, but these are now
generally regarded as two distinct classes, below the fishes.

3. pl. The twelfth sign of the zodiac; Pisces.

4. The flesh of fish, used as food.

5. (Naut.) (a) A purchase used to fish the anchor. (b) A piece of
timber, somewhat in the form of a fish, used to strengthen a mast or
yard.

Fish is used adjectively or as part of a compound word; as, fish line,
fish pole, fish spear, fish-bellied.

Age of Fishes. See under Age, n., 8. -- Fish ball, fish (usually salted
codfish) shared fine, mixed with mashed potato, and made into the form
of a small, round cake. [U.S.] -- Fish bar. Same as Fish plate (below).
-- Fish beam (Mech.), a beam one of whose sides (commonly the under
one) swells out like the belly of a fish. Francis. -- Fish crow
(Zoˆl.), a species of crow (Corvus ossifragus), found on the Atlantic
coast of the United States. It feeds largely on fish. -- Fish culture,
the artifical breeding and rearing of fish; pisciculture. -- Fish
davit. See Davit. -- Fish day, a day on which fish is eaten; a fast
day. -- Fish duck (Zoˆl.), any species of merganser. -- Fish fall, the
tackle depending from the fish davit, used in hauling up the anchor to
the gunwale of a ship. -- Fish garth, a dam or weir in a river for
keeping fish or taking them easily. - - Fish glue. See Isinglass. --
Fish joint, a joint formed by a plate or pair of plates fastened upon
two meeting beams, plates, etc., at their junction; -- used largely in
connecting the rails of railroads. -- Fish kettle, a long kettle for
boiling fish whole. -- Fish ladder, a dam with a series of steps which
fish can leap in order to ascend falls in a river. -- Fish line, or
Fishing line, a line made of twisted hair, silk, etc., used in angling.
-- Fish louse (Zoˆl.), any crustacean parasitic on fishes, esp. the
parasitic Copepoda, belonging to Caligus, Argulus, and other related
genera. See Branchiura. -- Fish maw (Zoˆl.), the stomach of a fish;
also, the air bladder, or sound. -- Fish meal, fish desiccated and
ground fine, for use in soups, etc. -- Fish oil, oil obtained from the
bodies of fish and marine animals, as whales, seals, sharks, from cods'
livers, etc. -- Fish owl (Zoˆl.), a fish-eating owl of the Old World
genera Scotopelia and Ketupa, esp. a large East Indian species (K.
Ceylonensis). -- Fish plate, one of the plates of a fish joint. -- Fish
pot, a wicker basket, sunk, with a float attached, for catching crabs,
lobsters, etc. -- Fish pound, a net attached to stakes, for entrapping
and catching fish; a weir. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett. -- Fish slice, a
broad knife for dividing fish at table; a fish trowel. -- Fish slide,
an inclined box set in a stream at a small fall, or ripple, to catch
fish descending the current. Knight. -- Fish sound, the air bladder of
certain fishes, esp. those that are dried and used as food, or in the
arts, as for the preparation of isinglass. -- Fish story, a story which
taxes credulity; an extravagant or incredible narration. [Colloq. U.S.]
Bartlett. -- Fish strainer. (a) A metal colander, with handles, for
taking fish from a boiler. (b) A perforated earthenware slab at the
bottom of a dish, to drain the water from a boiled fish. -- Fish
trowel, a fish slice. -- Fish weir or wear, a weir set in a stream, for
catching fish. -- Neither fish nor flesh (Fig.), neither one thing nor
the other.

Fish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fishing.] 1.
To attempt to catch fish; to be employed in taking fish, by any means,
as by angling or drawing a net.

2. To seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to seek to draw forth;
as, to fish for compliments.

    Any other fishing question.


Sir W. Scott.

Fish, v. t. [OE. fischen, fisken, fissen, AS. fiscian; akin to G.
fischen, OHG. fisc&?;n, Goth. fisk&?;n. See Fish the animal.] 1. To
catch; to draw out or up; as, to fish up an anchor.

2. To search by raking or sweeping. Swift.

3. To try with a fishing rod; to catch fish in; as, to fish a stream.
Thackeray.

4. To strengthen (a beam, mast, etc.), or unite end to end (two
timbers, railroad rails, etc.) by bolting a plank, timber, or plate to
the beam, mast, or timbers, lengthwise on one or both sides. See Fish
joint, under Fish, n.

To fish the anchor. (Naut.) See under Anchor.

Fish"-bel`lied (?), a. Bellying or swelling out on the under side; as,
a fish-bellied rail. Knight.

Fish"-block` (?), n. See Fish- tackle.

Fish"er (?), n. [AS. fiscere.] 1. One who fishes.

2. (Zoˆl.) A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela
Canadensis); the pekan; the "black cat."

Fish"er*man (?), n.; pl. Fishermen (&?;). 1. One whose occupation is to
catch fish.

2. (Naut.) A ship or vessel employed in the business of taking fish, as
in the cod fishery.

Fish"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fisheries (&?;). 1. The business or practice of
catching fish; fishing. Addison.

2. A place for catching fish.

3. (Law) The right to take fish at a certain place, or in particular
waters. Abbott.

Fish"ful (?), a. Abounding with fish. [R.] "My fishful pond." R. Carew.

Fish"gig` (?), n. A spear with barbed prongs used for harpooning fish.
Knight.

Fish"hawk` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The osprey (Pandion haliaÎtus), found both
in Europe and America; -- so called because it plunges into the water
and seizes fishes in its talons. Called also fishing eagle, and bald
buzzard.

Fish"hook` (?), n. 1. A hook for catching fish.

2. (Naut.) A hook with a pendant, to the end of which the fish-tackle
is hooked. Dana.

Fish"i*fy (?), v. t. To change to fish. [R.] Shak.

Fish"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being fishy or fishlike.
Pennant.

Fish"ing, n. 1. The act, practice, or art of one who fishes.

2. A fishery. Spenser.

Fish"ing, a. [From Fishing, n.] Pertaining to fishing; used in fishery;
engaged in fishing; as, fishing boat; fishing tackle; fishing village.

Fishing fly, an artificial fly for fishing. -- Fishing line, a line
used in catching fish. -- Fishing net, a net of various kinds for
catching fish; including the bag net, casting net, drag net, landing
net, seine, shrimping net, trawl, etc. -- Fishing rod, a long slender
rod, to which is attached the line for angling. -- Fishing smack, a
sloop or other small vessel used in sea fishing. -- Fishing tackle,
apparatus used in fishing, as hook, line, rod, etc. -- Fishing tube
(Micros.), a glass tube for selecting a microscopic object in a fluid.

<! p. 564 !>

Fish"like (?), a. Like fish; suggestive of fish; having some of the
qualities of fish.

    A very ancient and fishlike smell.


Shak.

Fish"mon`ger (?), n. A dealer in fish.

Fish"skin` (?), n. 1. The skin of a fish (dog fish, shark, etc.)

2. (Med.) See Ichthyosis.

Fish"-tac`kle (?), n. A tackle or purchase used to raise the flukes of
the anchor up to the gunwale. The block used is called the fish-block.

Fish"-tail` (?), a. Like the of a fish; acting, or producing something,
like the tail of a fish.

Fish-tail burner, a gas burner that gives a spreading flame shaped
somewhat like the tail of a fish. -- Fish-tail propeller (Steamship), a
propeller with a single blade that oscillates like the tail of a fish
when swimming.

Fish"wife` (?), n. A fishwoman.

Fish"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Fishwomen (&?;). A woman who retails fish.

Fish"y (?), a. 1. Consisting of fish; fishlike; having the qualities or
taste of fish; abounding in fish. Pope.

2. Extravagant, like some stories about catching fish; improbable;
also, rank or foul. [Colloq.]

Fisk (?), v. i. [Cf. Sw. fjeska to bustle about.] To run about; to
frisk; to whisk. [Obs.]

    He fisks abroad, and stirreth up erroneous opinions.


Latimer.

Fis`si*gem*ma"tion (?), n. [L. fissus (p. p. of findere to split) + E.
gemmation.] (Biol.) A process of reproduction intermediate between
fission and gemmation.

Fis"sile (?), a. [L. fissilis, fr. fissus, p. p. of findere to split.
See Fissure.] Capable of being split, cleft, or divided in the
direction of the grain, like wood, or along natural planes of cleavage,
like crystals.

    This crystal is a pellucid, fissile stone.


Sir I. Newton.

Fis`si*lin"gual (?), a. [L. fissus (p. p. of findere to split) + E.
lingual.] (Zoˆl.) Having the tongue forked.

||Fis`si*lin"gui*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. fissus (p. p. o f findere
||to split) + lingua tongue.] (Zoˆl.) A group of Lacertilia having the
||tongue forked, including the common lizards. [Written also
||Fissilingues.]

Fis*sil"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being fissile.

Fis"sion (?), n. [L. fissio. See Fissure.] 1. A cleaving, splitting, or
breaking up into parts.

2. (Biol.) A method of asexual reproduction among the lowest
(unicellular) organisms by means of a process of self-division,
consisting of gradual division or cleavage of the into two parts, each
of which then becomes a separate and independent organisms; as when a
cell in an animal or plant, or its germ, undergoes a spontaneous
division, and the parts again subdivide. See Segmentation, and Cell
division, under Division.

3. (Zoˆl.) A process by which certain coral polyps, echinoderms,
annelids, etc., spontaneously subdivide, each individual thus forming
two or more new ones. See Strobilation.

Fis`si*pal"mate (?), a. [L. fissus (p. p. of findere to split) + palma
palm.] (Zoˆl.) Semipalmate and loboped, as a grebe's foot. See Illust.
under Aves.

||Fis*sip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Fissiparous.] (Zoˆl.) Animals which
||reproduce by fission.

Fis*sip"a*rism (?), n. [See Fissiparous.] (Biol.) Reproduction by
spontaneous fission.

Fis`si*par"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) Quality of being fissiparous;
fissiparism.

Fis*sip"a*rous (?), a. [L. fissus (p. p. of findere to split) + parere
to bring forth: cf. F. fissipare.] (Biol.) Reproducing by spontaneous
fission. See Fission. -- Fis*sip"a*rous*ly, adv.

Fis`si*pa"tion (?), n. (Biol.) Reproduction by fission; fissiparism.

{ Fis"si*ped (?), Fis*sip"e*dal (?) }, a. [Cf. F. fissipËde.] (Zoˆl.)
Having the toes separated to the base. [See Aves.]

Fis"si*ped, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Fissipedia.

||Fis`si*pe"di*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. fissus (p. p. of findere to
||cleave) + pes, pedis, a foot.] (Zoˆl.) A division of the Carnivora,
||including the dogs, cats, and bears, in which the feet are not
||webbed; -- opposed to Pinnipedia.

Fis`si*ros"tral (?), a. [Cf. F. fissirostre.] (Zoˆl.) Having the bill
cleft beyond the horny part, as in the case of swallows and
goatsuckers.

||Fis`si*ros"tres (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. fissus (p. p. of findere to
||cleave) + rostrum beak.] (Zoˆl.) A group of birds having the bill
||deeply cleft.

Fis"sur*al (?), a. Pertaining to a fissure or fissures; as, the
fissural pattern of a brain.

Fis`su*ra"tion (?), n. (Anat.) The act of dividing or opening; the
state of being fissured.

Fis"sure (?), n. [L. fissura, fr. findere, fissum, to cleave, split;
akin to E. bite: cf. F. fissure.] A narrow opening, made by the parting
of any substance; a cleft; as, the fissure of a rock.

Cerebral fissures (Anat.), the furrows or clefts by which the surface
of the cerebrum is divided; esp., the furrows first formed by the
infolding of the whole wall of the cerebrum. -- Fissure needle (Surg.),
a spiral needle for catching together the gaping lips of wounds.
Knight. -- Fissure of rolando (Anat.), the furrow separating the
frontal from the parietal lobe in the cerebrum. -- Fissure of Sylvius
(Anat.), a deep cerebral fissure separating the frontal from the
temporal lobe. See Illust. under Brain. -- Fissure vein (Mining), a
crack in the earth's surface filled with mineral matter. Raymond.

Fis"sure (?), v. t. To cleave; to divide; to crack or fracture.

||Fis`su*rel"la (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. fissura a fissure.] (Zoˆl.) A
||genus of marine gastropod mollusks, having a conical or limpetlike
||shell, with an opening at the apex; -- called also keyhole limpet.

Fist (fst), n. [OE. fist, fust, AS. fst; akin to D. vuist, OHG. fst, G.
faust, and prob. to L. pugnus, Gr. pygmh` fist, py`x with the fist. Cf.
Pugnacious, Pigmy.] 1. The hand with the fingers doubled into the palm;
the closed hand, especially as clinched tightly for the purpose of
striking a blow.

    Who grasp the earth and heaven with my fist.


Herbert.

2. The talons of a bird of prey. [Obs.]

    More light than culver in the falcon's fist.


Spenser.

3. (print.) the index mark [], used to direct special attention to the
passage which follows.

Hand over fist (Naut.), rapidly; hand over hand.

Fist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fisting.] 1. To
strike with the fist. Dryden.

2. To gripe with the fist. [Obs.] Shak.

Fist"ic (?), a. [From Fist.] Pertaining to boxing, or to encounters
with the fists; puglistic; as, fistic exploits; fistic heroes.
[Colloq.]

Fist"i*cuff (?), n. A cuff or blow with the fist or hand; (pl.) a fight
with the fists; boxing. Swift.

Fis"ti*nut (?), n. [Cf. Fr. fistinq, fistuq. See Pistachio.] A
pistachio nut. [Obs.] Johnson.

||Fis*tu"ca (?), n. [L.] An instrument used by the ancients in driving
||piles.

||Fis"tu*la (?; 135), n.; pl. FistulÊ (#). [L.] 1. A reed; a pipe.

2. A pipe for convejing water. [Obs.] Knight.

3. (Med.) A permanent abnormal opening into the soft parts with a
constant discharge; a deep, narrow, chronic abscess; an abnormal
opening between an internal cavity and another cavity or the surface;
as, a salivary fistula; an anal fistula; a recto-vaginal fistula.

Incomplete fistula (Med.), a fistula open at one end only.

Fis"tu*lar (?), a. [L. fistularis: cf. F. fistulaire.] Hollow and
cylindrical, like a pipe or reed. Johnson.

||Fis`tu*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. fistula pipe.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||fishes, having the head prolonged into a tube, with the mouth at the
||extremity.

Fis`tu*la"ri*oid (?), a. [Fistularia + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like or
pertaining to the genus Fistularia.

Fis"tu*late (?; 135), v. t. & i. [Cf. L. fistulatus furnished with
pipes.] To make hollow or become hollow like a fistula, or pipe. [Obs.]
"A fistulated ulcer." Fuller.

Fis"tule (?; 135), n. A fistula.

Fis"tu*li*form (? or ?), a. [Fistula + -form.] Of a fistular form;
tubular; pipe-shaped.

    Stalactite often occurs fistuliform.


W. Philips.

Fis"tu*lose` (?; 135), a. [L. fistulosus.] Formed like a fistula;
hollow; reedlike. Craig.

Fis"tu*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. fistuleux.] 1. Having the form or nature of
a fistula; as, a fistulous ulcer.

2. Hollow, like a pipe or reed; fistulose. Lindley.

Fit (?), imp. & p. p. of Fight. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Fit, n. [AS. fitt a song.] In Old English, a song; a strain; a canto or
portion of a ballad; a passus. [Written also fitte, fytte, etc.]

    To play some pleasant fit.


Spenser.

Fit, a. [Compar. Fitter (?); superl. Fittest (?).] [OE. fit, fyt; cf.
E. feat neat, elegant, well made, or icel. fitja to web, knit, OD.
vitten to suit, square, Goth. ftjan to adorn. &radic;77.] 1. Adapted to
an end, object, or design; suitable by nature or by art; suited by
character, qualitties, circumstances, education, etc.; qualified;
competent; worthy.

    That which ordinary men are fit for, I am qualified in.


Shak.

    Fit audience find, though few.


Milton.

2. Prepared; ready. [Obs.]

    So fit to shoot, she singled forth among her foes who first her
    quarry's strength should feel.


Fairfax.

3. Conformed to a standart of duty, properiety, or taste; convenient;
meet; becoming; proper.

    Is it fit to say a king, Thou art wicked?


Job xxxiv. 18.

Syn. -- Suitable; proper; appropriate; meet; becoming; expedient;
congruous; correspondent; apposite; apt; adapted; prepared; qualified;
competent; adequate.

Fit (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fitting (?).]
1. To make fit or suitable; to adapt to the purpose intended; to
qualify; to put into a condition of readiness or preparation.

    The time is fitted for the duty.


Burke.

    The very situation for which he was peculiarly fitted by nature.


Macaulay.

2. To bring to a required form and size; to shape aright; to adapt to a
model; to adjust; -- said especially of the work of a carpenter,
machinist, tailor, etc.

    The carpenter . . . marketh it out with a line; he fitteth it with
    planes.


Is. xliv. 13.

3. To supply with something that is suitable or fit, or that is shaped
and adjusted to the use required.

    No milliner can so fit his customers with gloves.


Shak.

4. To be suitable to; to answer the requirements of; to be correctly
shaped and adjusted to; as, if the coat fits you, put it on.

    That's a bountiful answer that fits all questions.


Shak.

    That time best fits the work.


Shak.

To fit out, to supply with necessaries or means; to furnish; to equip;
as, to fit out a privateer. -- To fit up, to furnish with things
suitable; to make proper for the reception or use of any person; to
prepare; as, to fit up a room for a guest.

Fit (?), v. i. 1. To be proper or becoming.

    Nor fits it to prolong the feast.


Pope.

2. To be adjusted to a particular shape or size; to suit; to be
adapted; as, his coat fits very well.

Fit, n. 1. The quality of being fit; adjustment; adaptedness; as of
dress to the person of the wearer.

2. (Mach.) (a) The coincidence of parts that come in contact. (b) The
part of an object upon which anything fits tightly.

Fit rod (Shipbuilding), a gauge rod used to try the depth of a bolt
hole in order to determine the length of the bolt required. Knight.

Fit, n. [AS. fit strife, fight; of uncertain origin. &radic; 77.] 1. A
stroke or blow. [Obs. or R.]

    Curse on that cross, quoth then the Sarazin, That keeps thy body
    from the bitter fit.


Spenser.

2. A sudden and violent attack of a disorder; a stroke of disease, as
of epilepsy or apoplexy, which produces convulsions or unconsciousness;
a convulsion; a paroxysm; hence, a period of exacerbation of a disease;
in general, an attack of disease; as, a fit of sickness.

    And when the fit was on him, I did mark How he did shake.


Shak.

3. A mood of any kind which masters or possesses one for a time; a
temporary, absorbing affection; a paroxysm; as, a fit of melancholy, of
passion, or of laughter.

    All fits of pleasure we balanced by an equal degree of pain.


Swift.

    The English, however, were on this subject prone to fits of
    jealously.


Macaulay.

4. A passing humor; a caprice; a sudden and unusual effort, activity,
or motion, followed by relaxation or inaction; an impulsive and
irregular action.

    The fits of the season.


Shak.

5. A darting point; a sudden emission. [R.]

    A tongue of light, a fit of flame.


Coleridge.

By fits, By fits and starts, by intervals of action and repose;
impulsively and irregularly; intermittently.

Fitch (?; 224), n.; pl. Fitches (#). [See Vetch.] 1. (Bot.) A vetch.
[Obs.]

2. pl. (Bot.) A word found in the Authorized Version of the Bible,
representing different Hebrew originals. In Isaiah xxviii. 25, 27, it
means the black aromatic seeds of Nigella sativa, still used as a
flavoring in the East. In Ezekiel iv. 9, the Revised Version now reads
spelt.

Fitch, n. [Contr. of fitched.] (Zoˆl.) The European polecat; also, its
fur.

Fitch"È (?), a. [Cf. F. fichÈ, lit. p. p. of ficher to fasten, OF.
fichier to pierce. Cf. 1st Fish.] (Her.) Sharpened to a point; pointed.

Cross fitchÈ, a cross having the lower arm pointed.

Fitched (?), a. (her.) FitchÈ. [Also fiched.]

{ Fitch"et (?), Fitch"ew (?) }, n. [Cf. OF. fisseau, fissel, OD. fisse,
visse, vitsche, D. vies nasty, loathsome, E. fizz.] (Zoˆl.) The
European polecat (Putorius fútidus). See Polecat.

Fitch"y (?), a. Having fitches or vetches.

Fitch"y, a. [See FitchÈ.] (Her.) FitchÈ.

Fit"ful (?), a. [From 7th Fit.] Full of fits; irregularly variable;
impulsive and unstable.

    After life's fitful fever, he sleeps well.


Shak.

-- Fit"ful*ly, adv. -- Fit"ful*ness, n.

    The victorious trumpet peal Dies fitfully away.


Macaulay.

{ Fith"el (?), Fith"ul (?) }, n. [OE. See Fiddle.] A fiddle. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Fit"ly (?), adv. In a fit manner; suitably; properly; conveniently; as,
a maxim fitly applied.

Fit"ment (?), n. The act of fitting; that which is proper or becoming;
equipment. [Obs.] Shak.

Fit"ness, n. The state or quality of being fit; as, the fitness of
measures or laws; a person's fitness for office.

Fitt (?), n. See 2d Fit.

Fit"ta*ble (?), a. Suitable; fit. [Obs.] Sherwood.

Fit"ted*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being fitted; adaptation.
[Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Fit"ter (?), n. 1. One who fits or makes to fit; esp.: (a) One who
tries on, and adjusts, articles of dress. (b) One who fits or adjusts
the different parts of machinery to each other.

2. A coal broker who conducts the sales between the owner of a coal pit
and the shipper. [Eng.] Simmonds.

Fit"ter, n. A little piece; a flitter; a flinder. [Obs.]

    Where's the Frenchman? Alas, he's all fitters.


Beau. & Fl.

Fit"ting (?), n. Anything used in fitting up; especially (pl.),
necessary fixtures or apparatus; as, the fittings of a church or study;
gas fittings.

Fit"ting, a. Fit; appropriate; suitable; proper. -- Fit"ting*ly, adv.
-- Fit"ting*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.

Fit"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Eryngium fútidum) supposed to be a
remedy for fits.

Fitz (?), n. [OF. fils, filz, fiz, son, F. fils, L. filius. See
Filial.] A son; -- used in compound names, to indicate paternity, esp.
of the illegitimate sons of kings and princes of the blood; as,
Fitzroy, the son of the king; Fitzclarence, the son of the duke of
Clarence.

Five (?), a. [OE. fif, five, AS. ff, ffe; akin to D. vijf, OS. ff, OHG.
finf, funf, G. f¸nf, Icel. fimm, Sw. & Sw. Dan. fem, Goth. fimf, Lith.
penki, W. pump, OIr. cÛic, L. quinque, Gr. &?;, ∆ol. &?;, Skr.
pa&?;can. &radic;303. Cf. Fifth, Cinque, Pentagon, Punch the drink,
Quinary.] Four and one added; one more than four.

<! p. 565 !>

Five nations (Ethnol.), a confederacy of the Huron-Iroquois Indians,
consisting of five tribes: Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayugas, Oneidas, and
Senecas. They inhabited the region which is now the State of new York.

Five (fv), n. 1. The number next greater than four, and less than six;
five units or objects.

    Five of them were wise, and five were foolish.


Matt. xxv. 2.

2. A symbol representing this number, as 5, or V.

Five"-fin`ger (?), n. 1. (Bot.) See Cinquefoil.

2. (Zoˆl.) A starfish with five rays, esp. Asterias rubens.

Five"fold` (?), a. & adv. In fives; consisting of five in one; five
repeated; quintuple.

Five"-leaf` (?), n. Cinquefoil; five-finger.

{ Five"-leafed` (?), Five"-leaved` (?) }, a. (Bot.) Having five
leaflets, as the Virginia creeper.

Five"ling (?), n. (Min.) A compound or twin crystal consisting of five
individuals.

Fives (fvz), n. pl. A kind of play with a ball against a wall,
resembling tennis; -- so named because three fives, or fifteen, are
counted to the game. Smart.

Fives court, a place for playing fives.

Fives, n. [See Vives.] A disease of the glands under the ear in horses;
the vives. Shak.

Five`-twen"ties (?), n. pl. Five- twenty bonds of the United States
(bearing six per cent interest), issued in 1862, '64, and '65,
redeemable after five and payable in twenty years.

Fix (fks), a. [OE., fr. L. fixus, p. p. of figere to fix; cf. F. fixe.]
Fixed; solidified. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fix, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fixed (fkst); p. pr. & vb. n. Fixing.] [Cf. F.
fixer.] 1. To make firm, stable, or fast; to set or place permanently;
to fasten immovably; to establish; to implant; to secure; to make
definite.

    An ass's nole I fixed on his head.


Shak.

    O, fix thy chair of grace, that all my powers May also fix their
    reverence.


Herbert.

    His heart is fixed, trusting in the Lord.


Ps. cxii. 7.

    And fix far deeper in his head their stings.


Milton.

2. To hold steadily; to direct unwaveringly; to fasten, as the eye on
an object, the attention on a speaker.

    Sat fixed in thought the mighty Stagirite.


Pope.

    One eye on death, and one full fix'd on heaven.


Young.

3. To transfix; to pierce. [Obs.] Sandys.

4. (Photog.) To render (an impression) permanent by treating with such
applications as will make it insensible to the action of light. Abney.

5. To put in order; to arrange; to dispose of; to adjust; to set to
rights; to set or place in the manner desired or most suitable; hence,
to repair; as, to fix the clothes; to fix the furniture of a room.
[Colloq. U.S.]

6. (Iron Manuf.) To line the hearth of (a puddling furnace) with
fettling.

Syn. -- To arrange; prepare; adjust; place; establish; settle;
determine.

Fix, v. i. 1. To become fixed; to settle or remain permanently; to
cease from wandering; to rest.

    Your kindness banishes your fear, Resolved to fix forever here.


Waller.

2. To become firm, so as to resist volatilization; to cease to flow or
be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and malleable, as a metallic
substance. Bacon.

To fix on, to settle the opinion or resolution about; to determine
regarding; as, the contracting parties have fixed on certain leading
points.

Fix, n. 1. A position of difficulty or embarassment; predicament;
dilemma. [Colloq.]

    Is he not living, then? No. is he dead, then? No, nor dead either.
    Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in an
    almighty fix.


De Quincey.

2. (Iron Manuf.) fettling. [U.S.]

Fix"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being fixed.

Fix*a"tion (fks*"shn), n. [Cf. F. fixation.] 1. The act of fixing, or
the state of being fixed.

    An unalterable fixation of resolution.


Killingbeck.

    To light, created in the first day, God gave no proper place or
    fixation.


Sir W. Raleigh.

    Marked stiffness or absolute fixation of a joint.


Quain.

    A fixation and confinement of thought to a few objects.


Watts.

2. The act of uniting chemically with a solid substance or in a solid
form; reduction to a non-volatile condition; -- said of gaseous
elements.

3. The act or process of ceasing to be fluid and becoming firm.
Glanvill.

4. A state of resistance to evaporation or volatilization by heat; --
said of metals. Bacon.

Fix"a*tive (?), n. That which serves to set or fix colors or drawings,
as a mordant.

Fixed (fkst), a. 1. Securely placed or fastened; settled; established;
firm; imovable; unalterable.

2. (Chem.) Stable; non- volatile.

Fixed air (Old Chem.), carbonic acid or carbon dioxide; -- so called by
Dr. Black because it can be absorbed or fixed by strong bases. See
Carbonic acid, under Carbonic. -- Fixed alkali (Old Chem.), a
non-volatile base, as soda, or potash, in distinction from the volatile
alkali ammonia. -- Fixed ammunition (Mil.), a projectile and powder
inclosed together in a case ready for loading. -- Fixed battery (Mil.),
a battery which contains heavy guns and mortars intended to remain
stationary; -- distinguished from movable battery. -- Fixed bodies,
those which can not be volatilized or separated by a common menstruum,
without great difficulty, as gold, platinum, lime, etc. -- Fixed
capital. See the Note under Capital, n., 4. -- Fixed fact, a well
established fact. [Colloq.] -- Fixed light, one which emits constant
beams; -- distinguished from a flashing, revolving, or intermittent
light. -- Fixed oils (Chem.), non-volatile, oily substances, as
stearine and olein, which leave a permanent greasy stain, and which can
not be distilled unchanged; -- distinguished from volatile or essential
oils. -- Fixed pivot (Mil.), the fixed point about which any line of
troops wheels. -- Fixed stars (Astron.), such stars as always retain
nearly the same apparent position and distance with respect to each
other, thus distinguished from planets and comets.

Fix"ed*ly (fks"d*l), adv. In a fixed, stable, or constant manner.

Fix"ed*ness, n. 1. The state or quality of being fixed; stability;
steadfastness.

2. The quality of a body which resists evaporation or volatilization by
heat; solidity; cohesion of parts; as, the fixedness of gold.

Fix*id"i*ty (fks*d"*t), n. Fixedness. [Obs.] Boyle.

Fix"ing (fks"ng), n. 1. The act or process of making fixed.

2. That which is fixed; a fixture.

3. pl. Arrangements; embellishments; trimmings; accompaniments.
[Colloq. U.S.]

Fix"i*ty (-*t), n. [Cf. F. fixitÈ.] 1. Fixedness; as, fixity of tenure;
also, that which is fixed.

2. Coherence of parts. Sir I. Newton.

Fix"ture (fks"tr; 135), n. [Cf. Fixure.] 1. That which is fixed or
attached to something as a permanent appendage; as, the fixtures of a
pump; the fixtures of a farm or of a dwelling, that is, the articles
which a tenant may not take away.

2. State of being fixed; fixedness.

    The firm fixture of thy foot.


Shak.

3. (Law) Anything of an accessory character annexed to houses and
lands, so as to constitute a part of them. This term is, however, quite
frequently used in the peculiar sense of personal chattels annexed to
lands and tenements, but removable by the person annexing them, or his
personal representatives. In this latter sense, the same things may be
fixtures under some circumstances, and not fixtures under others.
Wharton (Law Dict.). Bouvier.

This word is frequently substituted for fixure (formerly the word in
common use) in new editions of old works.

Fix"ure (-r), n. [L. fixura a fastening, fr. figere to fix. See Fix,
and cf. Fixture.] Fixed position; stable condition; firmness. [Obs.]
Shak.

Fiz"gig` (fz"gg), n. A fishgig. [Obs.] Sandys.

Fiz"gig`, n. [Fizz + gig whirling thing.] A firework, made of damp
powder, which makes a fizzing or hissing noise when it explodes.

Fiz"gig`, n. [See Gig a flirt.] A gadding, flirting girl. Gosson.

Fizz (fz), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fizzed (fzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Fizzing.]
[Cf. Icel. fsa to break wind, Dan. fise to foist, fizzle, OSw. fisa, G.
fisten, feisten. Cf. Foist.] To make a hissing sound, as a burning
fuse.

Fizz, n. A hissing sound; as, the fizz of a fly.

Fiz"zle (fz"z'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fizzled (-z'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fizzling (-zlng).] [See Fizz.] 1. To make a hissing sound.

    It is the easiest thing, sir, to be done, As plain as fizzling.


B. Jonson.

2. To make a ridiculous failure in an undertaking. [Colloq. or Low]

To fizzle out, to burn with a hissing noise and then go out, like wet
gunpowder; hence, to fail completely and ridiculously; to prove a
failure. [Colloq.]

Fiz"zle, n. A failure or abortive effort. [Colloq.]

||Fjord (fyÙrd), n. See Fiord.

Flab"ber*gast (?), v. t. [Cf. Flap, and Aghast.] To astonish; to strike
with wonder, esp. by extraordinary statements. [Jocular] Beaconsfield.

Flab`ber*gas*ta"tion (?), n. The state of being flabbergasted.
[Jocular] London Punch.

Flab"bi*ly (?), adv. In a flabby manner.

Flab"bi*ness, n. Quality or state of being flabby.

Flab"by (?), a. [See Flap.] Yielding to the touch, and easily moved or
shaken; hanging loose by its own weight; wanting firmness; flaccid; as,
flabby flesh.

Fla"bel (?), n. [L. flabellum a fan, dim. of flabrum a breeze, fr.
flare to blow.] A fan. [Obs.] Huloet.

Fla*bel"late (?), a. [L. flabellatus, p. p. of flabellare to fan, fr.
flabellum. See Flabbel.] (Bot.) Flabelliform.

Flab`el*la"tion (?), n. The act of keeping fractured limbs cool by the
use of a fan or some other contrivance. Dunglison.

Fla*bel"li*form (?), a. [L. flabellum a fan + -form: cf. F.
flabeliforme.] Having the form of a fan; fan-shaped; flabellate.

Fla*bel"li*nerved` (?), a. [L. flabellum a fan + E. nerve.] (Bot.)
Having many nerves diverging radiately from the base; -- said of a
leaf.

||Fla*bel"lum (?), n. [L. See Flabel.] (Eccl.) A fan; especially, the
||fan carried before the pope on state occasions, made in ostrich and
||peacock feathers. Shipley.

Flab"ile (?), a. [L. flabilis.] Liable to be blown about. Bailey.

Flac"cid (?), a. [L. flaccidus, fr. flaccus flabby: cf. OF. flaccide.]
Yielding to pressure for want of firmness and stiffness; soft and weak;
limber; lax; drooping; flabby; as, a flaccid muscle; flaccid flesh.

    Religious profession . . . has become flacced.


I. Taylor.

-- Flac"cid*ly (#), adv. -- Flac"cid*ness, n.

Flac*cid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. flacciditÈ.] The state of being flaccid.

Flack"er (?), v. i. [OE. flakeren, fr. flacken to move quickly to and
fro; cf. icel. flakka to rove about, AS. flacor fluttering, flying, G.
flackern to flare, flicker.] To flutter, as a bird. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Flack"et (?), n. [OF. flasquet little flask, dim. of flasque a flask.]
A barrel-shaped bottle; a flagon.

Flag (flg), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flagging
(?).] [Cf. Icel. flaka to droop, hang loosely. Cf. Flacker, Flag an
ensign.] 1. To hang loose without stiffness; to bend down, as flexible
bodies; to be loose, yielding, limp.

    As loose it [the sail] flagged around the mast.


T. Moore.

2. To droop; to grow spiritless; to lose vigor; to languish; as, the
spirits flag; the streugth flags.

    The pleasures of the town begin to flag.


Swift.

Syn. -- To droop; decline; fail; languish; pine.

Flag (flg), v. t. 1. To let droop; to suffer to fall, or let fall, into
feebleness; as, to flag the wings. prior.

2. To enervate; to exhaust the vigor or elasticity of.

    Nothing so flags the spirits.


Echard.

Flag, n. [Cf. LG. & G. flagge, Sw. flagg, Dan. flag, D. vlag. See Flag
to hang loose.] 1. That which flags or hangs down loosely.

2. A cloth usually bearing a device or devices and used to indicate
nationality, party, etc., or to give or ask information; -- commonly
attached to a staff to be waved by the wind; a standard; a banner; an
ensign; the colors; as, the national flag; a military or a naval flag.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A group of feathers on the lower part of the legs of
certain hawks, owls, etc. (b) A group of elongated wing feathers in
certain hawks. (c) The bushy tail of a dog, as of a setter.

Black flag. See under Black. -- Flag captain, Flag leutenant, etc.,
special officers attached to the flagship, as aids to the flag officer.
-- Flag officer, the commander of a fleet or squadron; an admiral, or
commodore. -- Flag of truse, a white flag carried or displayed to an
enemy, as an invitation to conference, or for the purpose of making
some communication not hostile. -- Flag share, the flag officer's share
of prize money. -- Flag station (Railroad), a station at which trains
do not stop unless signaled to do so, by a flag hung out or waved. --
National flag, a flag of a particular country, on which some national
emblem or device, is emblazoned. -- Red flag, a flag of a red color,
displayed as a signal of danger or token of defiance; the emblem of
anarchists. -- To dip, the flag, to mlower it and quickly restore it to
its place; -- done as a mark of respect. -- To hang out the white flag,
to ask truce or quarter, or, in some cases, to manifest a friendly
design by exhibiting a white flag. -- To hang the flag half-mast high
or half- staff, to raise it only half way to the mast or staff, as a
token or sign of mourning. -- To strike, or lower, the flag, to haul it
down, in token of respect, submission, or, in an engagement, of
surrender. -- Yellow flag, the quarantine flag of all nations; also
carried at a vessel's fore, to denote that an infectious disease is on
board.

Flag, v. t. [From Flag an ensign.] 1. To signal to with a flag; as, to
flag a train.

2. To convey, as a message, by means of flag signals; as, to flag an
order to troops or vessels at a distance.

Flag, n. [From Flag to hang loose, to bend down.] (Bot.) An aquatic
plant, with long, ensiform leaves, belonging to either of the genera
Iris and Acorus.

Cooper's flag, the cat-tail (Typha latifolia), the long leaves of which
are placed between the staves of barrels to make the latter
water-tight. -- Corn flag. See under 2d Corn. -- Flag broom, a coarse
of broom, originally made of flags or rushes. -- Flag root, the root of
the sweet flag. -- Sweet flag. See Calamus, n., 2.

Flag, v. t. To furnish or deck out with flags.

Flag, n. [Icel. flaga, cf. Icel. flag spot where a turf has been cut
out, and E. flake layer, scale. Cf. Floe.] 1. A flat stone used for
paving. Woodward.

2. (Geol.) Any hard, evenly stratified sandstone, which splits into
layers suitable for flagstones.

Flag, v. t. To lay with flags of flat stones.

    The sides and floor are all flagged with . . . marble.


Sandys.

Flag"el*lant (?), n. [L. flagellans, p. p. of flagellare: cf.F.
flagellant. See Flagellate.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a fanatical sect
which flourished in Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries, and
maintained that flagellation was of equal virtue with baptism and the
sacrament; -- called also disciplinant.

||Flag`el*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.L. flagellatus, p. p. See
||Flagellate, v. t.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Infusoria, having one or two
||long, whiplike cilia, at the anterior end. It includes monads. See
||Infusoria, and Monad.

Flag"el*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flagellated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flagellating (?).] [L. flagellatus, p. p. of flagellare to scoure, fr.
flagellum whip, dim. of flagrum whip, scoure; cf. fligere to strike.
Cf. Flall.] To whip; to scourge; to flog.

Fla*gel"late (?), a. 1. Flagelliform.

2. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Flagellata.

Flag`el*la"tion (?), n. [L. flagellatio: cf. F. flagellation.] A
beating or flogging; a whipping; a scourging. Garth.

Flag"el*la`tor (?), n. One who practices flagellation; one who whips or
scourges.

Fla*gel"li*form (?), a. [L. flagellum a whip + -form.] Shaped like a
whiplash; long, slender, round, flexible, and (comming) tapering.

||Fla*gel"lum (?), n.; pl. E. Flagellums (#), L. Flagella (#). [L., a
||whip. See Flagellate, v. t.] 1. (Bot.) A young, flexible shoot of a
||plant; esp., the long trailing branch of a vine, or a slender branch
||in certain mosses.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A long, whiplike cilium. See Flagellata. (b) An
appendage of the reproductive apparatus of the snail. (c) A lashlike
appendage of a crustacean, esp. the terminal ortion of the antennÊ and
the epipodite of the maxilipeds. See Maxilliped.

<! p. 566 !>

Flag"eo*let` (?), n. [F. flageolet, dim. of OF. flaj&?;l (as if fr. a
LL. flautio;us), of fla¸te, flahute, F. fl&?;te. See Flute.] (Mus.) A
small wooden pipe, having six or more holes, and a mouthpiece inserted
at one end. It produces a shrill sound, softer than of the piccolo
flute, and is said to have superseded the old recorder.

Flageolet tones (Mus.), the naturel harmonics or overtones of stringed
instruments.

Flag"gi*ness (?), n. The condition of being flaggy; laxity; limberness.
Johnson.

Flag"ging (?), n. A pavement or sidewalk of flagstones; flagstones,
collectively.

Flag"ging, a. Growing languid, weak, or spiritless; weakening;
delaying. -- Flag"ging*ly, adv.

Flag"gy (?), a. 1. Weak; flexible; limber. "Flaggy wings." Spenser.

2. Tasteless; insipid; as, a flaggy apple. [Obs.] Bacon.

Flag"gy, a. [From 5th Flag.] Abounding with the plant called flag; as,
a flaggy marsh.

Flag"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. flagitatus, p. p. of flagitare to demand.
See Flagitious.] To importune; to demand fiercely or with passion.
[Archaic] Carcyle.

Flag`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. flagitatio.] Importunity; urgent demand.
[Archaic] Carlyle.

Fla*gi"tious (?), a. [L. flagitiosus, fr. flagitium a shameful or
disgraceful act, orig., a burning desire, heat of passion, from
flagitare to demand hotly, fiercely; cf. flagrare to burn, E.
flagrant.] 1. Disgracefully or shamefully criminal; grossly wicked;
scandalous; shameful; -- said of acts, crimes, etc.

    Debauched principles and flagitious practices.


I. Taylor.

2. Guilty of enormous crimes; corrupt; profligate; -- said of persons.
Pope.

3. Characterized by scandalous crimes or vices; as, flagitious times.
Pope.

Syn. -- Atrocious; villainous; flagrant; heinous; corrupt; profligate;
abandoned. See Atrocious.

-- Fla*gi"tious*ly, adv. -- Fla*gi"tious*ness, n.

    A sentence so flagitiously unjust.


Macaulay.

Flag"man (?), n.; pl. Flagmen (&?;). One who makes signals with a flag.

Flag"on (?), n. [F. flacon, for flascon, fr. OF. flasche, from LL.
flasco. See Flask.] A vessel with a narrow mouth, used for holding and
conveying liquors. It is generally larger than a bottle, and of leather
or stoneware rather than of glass.

    A trencher of mutton chops, and a flagon of ale.


Macaulay.

Fla"grance (?), n. Flagrancy. Bp. Hall.

Fla"gran*cy (?), n.; pl. Flagrancies (#). [L. flagrantia a burning. See
Flagrant.] 1. A burning; great heat; inflammation. [Obs.]

    Lust causeth a flagrancy in the eyes.


Bacon.

2. The condition or quality of being flagrant; atrocity; heiniousness;
enormity; excess. Steele.

Fla"grant (?), a. [L. flagrans, -antis, p. pr. of flagrate to burn,
akin to Gr. &?;: cf. F. flagrant. Cf. Flame, Phlox.] 1. Flaming;
inflamed; glowing; burning; ardent.

    The beadle's lash still flagrant on their back.


Prior.

    A young man yet flagrant from the lash of the executioner or the
    beadle.


De Quincey.

    Flagrant desires and affections.


Hooker.

2. Actually in preparation, execution, or performance; carried on
hotly; raging.

    A war the most powerful of the native tribes was flagrant.


Palfrey.

3. Flaming into notice; notorious; enormous; heinous; glaringly wicked.

Syn. -- Atrocious; flagitious; glaring. See Atrocious.

Fla"grant*ly, adv. In a flagrant manner.

Fla"grate (?), v. t. [L. flagrare, flagratum, v.i. & t., to burn.] To
burn. [Obs.] Greenhill.

Fla*gra"tion (?), n. A conflagration. [Obs.]

Flag"ship` (?), n. (Naut.) The vessel which carries the commanding
officer of a fleet or squadron and flies his distinctive flag or
pennant.

Flag"staff` (?), n.; pl. -staves (&?;) or -staffs (&?;). A staff on
which a flag is hoisted.

Flag"stone` (?), n. A flat stone used in paving, or any rock which will
split into such stones. See Flag, a stone.

Flag"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A worm or grub found among flags and sedge.

Flail (?), n. [L. flagellum whip, scourge, in LL., a threshing flail:
cf. OF. flael, flaiel, F. flÈau. See Flagellum.] 1. An instrument for
threshing or beating grain from the ear by hand, consisting of a wooden
staff or handle, at the end of which a stouter and shorter pole or
club, called a swipe, is so hung as to swing freely.

    His shadowy flail hath threshed the corn.


Milton.

2. An ancient military weapon, like the common flail, often having the
striking part armed with rows of spikes, or loaded. Fairholt.

    No citizen thought himself safe unless he carried under his coat a
    small flail, loaded with lead, to brain the Popish assassins.


Macaulay.

Flail"y (?), a. Acting like a flail. [Obs.] Vicars.

Flain (?), obs. p. p. of Flay. Chaucer.

Flake (flk), n. [Cf. Icel. flaki, fleki, Dan. flage, D. vlaak.] 1. A
paling; a hurdle. [prov. Eng.]

2. A platform of hurdles, or small sticks made fast or interwoven,
supported by stanchions, for drying codfish and other things.

    You shall also, after they be ripe, neither suffer them to have
    straw nor fern under them, but lay them either upon some smooth
    table, boards, or flakes of wands, and they will last the longer.


English Husbandman.

3. (Naut.) A small stage hung over a vessel's side, for workmen to
stand on in calking, etc.

Flake (flk), n. [Cf. Icel. flakna to flake off, split, flagna to flake
off, Sw. flaga flaw, flake, flake plate, Dan. flage snowflake. Cf. Flag
a flat stone.] 1. A loose filmy mass or a thin chiplike layer of
anything; a film; flock; lamina; layer; scale; as, a flake of snow,
tallow, or fish. "Lottle flakes of scurf." Addison.

    Great flakes of ice encompassing our boat.


Evelyn.

2. A little particle of lighted or incandescent matter, darted from a
fire; a flash.

    With flakes of ruddy fire.


Somerville.

3. (Bot.) A sort of carnation with only two colors in the flower, the
petals having large stripes.

Flake knife (ArchÊol.), a cutting instrument used by savage tribes,
made of a flake or chip of hard stone. Tylor. -- Flake stand, the
cooling tub or vessel of a still worm. Knight. -- Flake white. (Paint.)
(a) The purest white lead, in the form of flakes or scales. (b) The
trisnitrate of bismuth. Ure.

Flake, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flaking.] To
form into flakes. Pope.

Flake, v. i. To separate in flakes; to peel or scale off.

Flak"i*ness (?), n. The state of being flaky.

Flak"y (?), a. Consisting of flakes or of small, loose masses; lying,
or cleaving off, in flakes or layers; flakelike.

    What showers of mortal hail, what flaky fires!


Watts.

    A flaky weight of winter's purest snows.


Wordsworth.

Flam (flm), n. [Cf. AS. fle·m, flm, flight. &radic; 84 . Cf. Flimflam.]
A freak or whim; also, a falsehood; a lie; an illusory pretext;
deception; delusion. [Obs.]

    A perpetual abuse and flam upon posterity.


South.

Flam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flammed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Flamming.] To
deceive with a falsehood. [Obs.]

    God is not to be flammed off with lies.


South.

Flam"beau (?); n.; pl. Flambeaux (#) or Flambeaus (#). [F., fr. OF.
flambe flame, for flamble, from L. flammula a little flame, dim. of
flamma flame. See Flame.] A flaming torch, esp. one made by combining
together a number of thick wicks invested with a quick-burning
substance (anciently, perhaps, wax; in modern times, pitch or the
like); hence, any torch.

Flam*boy"ant (?), a. [F.] (Arch.) Characterized by waving or flamelike
curves, as in the tracery of windows, etc.; -- said of the later (15th
century) French Gothic style.

Flam*boy"er (?), n. [F. flamboyer to be bright.] (Bot.) A name given in
the East and West Indies to certain trees with brilliant blossoms,
probably species of CÊsalpinia.

Flame (flm), n. [OE. flame, flaume, flaumbe, OF. flame, flambe, F.
flamme, fr. L. flamma, fr. flamma, fr. flagrare to burn. See Flagrant,
and cf. Flamneau, Flamingo.] 1. A stream of burning vapor or gas,
emitting light and heat; darting or streaming fire; a blaze; a fire.

2. Burning zeal or passion; elevated and noble enthusiasm; glowing
imagination; passionate excitement or anger. "In a flame of zeal
severe." Milton.

    Where flames refin'd in breasts seraphic glow.


Pope.

    Smit with the love of sister arts we came, And met congenial,
    mingling flame with flame.


Pope.

3. Ardor of affection; the passion of love. Coleridge.

4. A person beloved; a sweetheart. Thackeray.

Syn. -- Blaze; brightness; ardor. See Blaze.

Flame bridge, a bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5. -- Flame color,
brilliant orange or yellow. B. Jonson. -- Flame engine, an early name
for the gas engine. -- Flame manometer, an instrument, invented by
Koenig, to obtain graphic representation of the action of the human
vocal organs. See Manometer. -- Flame reaction (Chem.), a method of
testing for the presence of certain elements by the characteristic
color imparted to a flame; as, sodium colors a flame yellow, potassium
violet, lithium crimson, boracic acid green, etc. Cf. Spectrum
analysis, under Spectrum. -- Flame tree (Bot.), a tree with showy
scarlet flowers, as the Rhododendron arboreum in India, and the
Brachychiton acerifolium of Australia.

Flame, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flaming.] [OE.
flamen, flaumben, F. flamber, OF. also, flamer. See Flame, n.] 1. To
burn with a flame or blaze; to burn as gas emitted from bodies in
combustion; to blaze.

    The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it flame
    again.


Shak.

2. To burst forth like flame; to break out in violence of passion; to
be kindled with zeal or ardor.

    He flamed with indignation.


Macaulay.

Flame, v. t. To kindle; to inflame; to excite.

    And flamed with zeal of vengeance inwardly.


Spenser.

Flame"-col`ored (?), a. Of the color of flame; of a bright orange
yellow color. Shak.

Flame"less, a. Destitute of flame. Sandys.

Flame"let (?), n. [Flame + - let.] A small flame.

    The flamelets gleamed and flickered.


Longfellow.

Fla"men (?), n.; pl. E. Flammens (#), L. Flamines (#). [L.] (Rom.
Antiq.) A priest devoted to the service of a particular god, from whom
he received a distinguishing epithet. The most honored were those of
Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, called respectively Flamen Dialis, Flamen
Martialis, and Flamen Quirinalis.

    Affrights the flamens at their service quaint.


Milton.

Fla*min"e*ous (?), a. Pertaining to a flamen; flaminical.

Flam"ing (?), a. 1. Emitting flames; afire; blazing; consuming;
illuminating.

2. Of the color of flame; high-colored; brilliant; dazzling. "In
flaming yellow bright." Prior.

3. Ardent; passionate; burning with zeal; irrepressibly earnest; as, a
flaming proclomation or harangue.

Flam"ing*ly, adv. In a flaming manner.

Fla*min"go (?), n.; pl. Flamingoes (#). [Sp. flamenco, cf. Pg.
flamingo, Prov. flammant, F. flamant; prop. a p. pr. meaning flaming.
So called in allusion to its color. See Flame.] (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the
genus Phúnicopterus. The flamingoes have webbed feet, very long legs,
and a beak bent down as if broken. Their color is usually red or pink.
The American flamingo is P. ruber; the European is P. antiquorum.

Fla*min"i*cal (?), a. Pertaining to a flamen. Milton.

Flam`ma*bil"ity (?), n. The quality of being flammable; inflammability.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Flam"ma*ble (?), a. Inflammable. [Obs.]

Flam*ma"tion (?), n. The act of setting in a flame or blaze. [Obs.]
Sir. T. Browne.

Flam"me*ous (?), a. [L. flammeus from flamma flame.] Pertaining to,
consisting of, or resembling, flame. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Flam*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. flammifer; flamma flame + ferre to bear.]
Producing flame.

Flam*miv"o*mous (?), a. [L. flammivomus; flamma flame + vomere to
vomit.] Vomiting flames, as a volcano. W. Thompson. (1745).

Flam"mu*la`ted (?), a. [L. flammula little flame, dim. fr. flamma
flame.] Of a reddish color.

Flam"y (?), a. [From Flame.] Flaming; blazing; flamelike;
flame-colored; composed of flame. Pope.

Flanch (?), n.; pl. Flanches (#). [Prov. E., a projection, OF. flanche
flank. See Flank.] 1. A flange. [R.]. (Her.) A bearing consisting of a
segment of a circle encroaching on the field from the side.

Flanches are always in pairs. A pair of flanches is considered one of
the subordinaries.

Flanched (?), a. (Her.) Having flanches; -- said of an escutcheon with
those bearings.

Flan`co*nade" (?), n. [F.] (Fencing) A thrust in the side.

||Fla`neur" (?), n. [F., fr. fl‚ner to stroll.] One who strolls about
||aimlessly; a lounger; a loafer.

Flang (?), n. A miner's two- pointed pick.

Flange (flnj), n. [Prov. E. flange to project, flanch a projection. See
Flanch, Flank.] 1. An external or internal rib, or rim, for strength,
as the flange of an iron beam; or for a guide, as the flange of a car
wheel (see Car wheel.); or for attachment to another object, as the
flange on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc. Knight.

2. A plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to
the pipe.

Blind flange, a plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe. --
Flange joint, a joint, as that of pipes, where the connecting pieces
have flanges by which the parts are bolted together. Knight. - - Flange
rail, a rail with a flange on one side, to keep wheels, etc. from
running off. -- Flange turning, the process of forming a flange on a
wrought iron plate by bending and hammering it when hot.

Flange, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flanged (flnjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Flanging
(fln"jng).] (Mach.) To make a flange on; to furnish with a flange.

Flange, v. i. To be bent into a flange.

Flanged (flnjd), a. Having a flange or flanges; as, a flanged wheel.

Flank (flk), n. [F. flanc, prob. fr. L. flaccus flabby, with n
inserted. Cf. Flaccid, Flanch, Flange.] 1. The fleshy or muscular part
of the side of an animal, between the ribs and the hip. See Illust. of
Beef.

2. (Mil.) (a) The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of
a brigade, regiment, or battalion; the extreme right or left; as, to
attack an enemy in flank is to attack him on the side.

    When to right and left the front


    Divided, and to either flank retired.


Milton.

(b) (Fort.) That part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to
the face, and defends the curtain, the flank and face of the opposite
bastion; any part of a work defending another by a fire along the
outside of its parapet. See Illust. of Bastion.

3. (Arch.) The side of any building. Brands.

4. That part of the acting surface of a gear wheel tooth that lies
within the pitch line.

Flank attack (Mil.), an attack upon the side of an army or body of
troops, distinguished from one upon its front or rear. -- Flank company
(Mil.), a certain number of troops drawn up on the right or left of a
battalion; usually grenadiers, light infantry, or riflemen. -- Flank
defense (Fort.), protection of a work against undue exposure to an
enemy's direct fire, by means of the fire from other works, sweeping
the ground in its front. -- Flank en potence (Mil.), any part of the
right or left wing formed at a projecting angle with the line. -- Flank
files, the first men on the right, and the last on the left, of a
company, battalion, etc. -- Flank march, a march made parallel or
obliquely to an enemy's position, in order to turn it or to attack him
on the flank. -- Flank movement, a change of march by an army, or
portion of one, in order to turn one or both wings of the enemy, or to
take up a new position. -- Flanks of a frontier, salient points in a
national boundary, strengthened to protect the frontier against hostile
incursion. -- Flank patrol, detachments acting independently of the
column of an army, but patrolling along its flanks, to secure it
against surprise and to observe the movements of the enemy.

<! p. 567 !>

Flank (flk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flanked (flkt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flanking.] [Cf. F. flanquer. See Flank, n., and cf. Flanker, v. t.] 1.
To stand at the flank or side of; to border upon.

    Stately colonnades are flanked with trees.


Pitt.

2. To overlook or command the flank of; to secure or guard the flank
of; to pass around or turn the flank of; to attack, or threaten to
attack; the flank of.

Flank, v. i. 1. To border; to touch. Bp. Butler.

2. To be posted on the side.

Flank"er (?), n. One who, or that which, flanks, as a skirmisher or a
body of troops sent out upon the flanks of an army toguard a line of
march, or a fort projecting so as to command the side of an assailing
body.

    They threw out flankers, and endeavored to dislodge their
    assailants.


W. Irwing.

Flank"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flankered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flankering.] [See Flank, v. t.] 1. To defend by lateral fortifications.
[Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

2. To attack sideways. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Flan"nel (fln"nl), n. [F. flanelle, cf. OF. flaine a pillowcase, a
mattress (?); fr. W. gwlanen flannel, fr. gwlan wool; prob. akin to E.
wool. Cf. Wool.] A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, of loose texture. Shak.

Adam's flannel. (Bot.) See under Adam. -- Canton flannel, Cotton
flannel. See Cotton flannel, under Cotton.

Flan"neled (?), a. Covered or wrapped in flannel.

Flan"nen (?), a. Made or consisting of flannel. [Obs.] "Flannen robes."
Dryden.

Flap (?), n. [OE. flappe, flap, blow, bly-flap; cf. D. flap, and E.
flap, v.] Anything broad and limber that hangs loose, or that is
attached by one side or end and is easily moved; as, the flap of a
garment.

    A cartilaginous flap upon the opening of the larynx.


Sir T. Browne.

2. A hinged leaf, as of a table or shutter.

3. The motion of anything broad and loose, or a stroke or sound made
with it; as, the flap of a sail or of a wing.

4. pl. (Far.) A disease in the lips of horses.

Flap tile, a tile with a bent up portion, to turn a corner or catch a
drip. -- Flap valve (Mech.), a valve which opens and shuts upon one
hinged side; a clack valve.

Flap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flapping (?).]
[Prob. of imitative origin; cf. D. flappen, E. flap, n., flop,
flippant, fillip.] 1. To beat with a flap; to strike.

    Yet let me flap this bug with gilded wings.


Pope.

2. To move, as something broad and flaplike; as, to flap the wings; to
let fall, as the brim of a hat.

To flap in the mouth, to taunt. [Obs.] W. Cartwright.

Flap, v. i. 1. To move as do wings, or as something broad or loose; to
fly with wings beating the air.

    The crows flapped over by twos and threes.


Lowell.

2. To fall and hang like a flap, as the brim of a hat, or other broad
thing. Gay.

Flap"drag`on (?), n. 1. A game in which the players catch raisins out
burning brandy, and swallow them blazing. Johnson.

2. The thing thus caught and eaten. Johnson.

    Cakes and ale, and flapdragons and mummer's plays, and all the
    happy sports of Christians night.


C. Kingsley.

Flap"drag`on, v. t. To swallow whole, as a flapdragon; to devour.
[Obs.]

    See how the sea flapdragoned it.


Shak.

Flap"-eared` (?), a. Having broad, loose, dependent ears. Shak.

Flap"jack` (?), n. 1. A fklat cake turned on the griddle while cooking;
a griddlecake or pacake.

2. A fried dough cake containing fruit; a turnover. [Prov. Eng.]

Flap"-mouthed` (?), a. Having broad, hangling lips. [R.] Shak.

Flap"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, flaps.

2. See Flipper. "The flapper of a porpoise." Buckley.

Flapper skate (Zoˆl.), a European skate (Raia intermedia).

Flare (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flaring.]
[Cf. Norw. flara to blaze, flame, adorn with tinsel, dial. Sw. flasa
upp, and E. flash, or flacker.] 1. To burn with an unsteady or waving
flame; as, the candle flares.

2. To shine out with a sudden and unsteady light; to emit a dazzling or
painfully bright light.

3. To shine out with gaudy colors; to flaunt; to be offensively bright
or showy.

    With ribbons pendant, flaring about her head.


Shak.

4. To be exposed to too much light. [Obs.]

    Flaring in sunshine all the day.


Prior.

5. To open or spread outwards; to project beyond the perpendicular; as,
the sides of a bowl flare; the bows of a ship flare.

To flare up, to become suddenly heated or excited; to burst into a
passion. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Flare, n. 1. An unsteady, broad, offensive light.

2. A spreading outward; as, the flare of a fireplace.

Flare, n. Leaf of lard. "Pig's flare." Dunglison.

Flare"-up` (?), n. A sudden burst of anger or passion; an angry
dispute. [Colloq.]

Flar"ing (?), a. 1. That flares; flaming or blazing unsteadily; shining
out with a dazzling light.

    His [the sun's] flaring beams.


Milton.

2. Opening or speading outwards.

Flar"ing*ly, adv. In a flaring manner.

Flash (flsh), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flashed (flsht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flashing.] [Cf. OE. flaskien, vlaskien to pour, sprinkle, dial. Sw.
flasa to blaze, E. flush, flare.] 1. To burst or break forth with a
sudden and transient flood of flame and light; as, the lighting flashes
vividly; the powder flashed.

2. To break forth, as a sudden flood of light; to burst instantly and
brightly on the sight; to show a momentary brilliancy; to come or pass
like a flash.

    Names which have flashed and thundered as the watch words of
    unnumbered struggles.


Talfourd.

    The object is made to flash upon the eye of the mind.


M. Arnold.

    A thought flashed through me, which I clothed in act.


Tennyson.

3. To burst forth like a sudden flame; to break out violently; to rush
hastily.

    Every hour He flashes into one gross crime or other.


Shak.

To flash in the pan, to fail of success. [Colloq.] See under Flash, a
burst of light. Bartlett.

Syn. -- Flash, Glitter, Gleam, Glisten, Glister. Flash differs from
glitter and gleam, denoting a flood or wide extent of light. The latter
words may express the issuing of light from a small object, or from a
pencil of rays. Flash differs from other words, also, in denoting
suddenness of appearance and disappearance. Flashing differs from
exploding or disploding in not being accompanied with a loud report. To
glisten, or glister, is to shine with a soft and fitful luster, as eyes
suffused with tears, or flowers wet with dew.

Flash (flsh), v. t. 1. To send out in flashes; to cause to burst forth
with sudden flame or light.

    The chariot of paternal Deity, Flashing thick flames.


Milton.

2. To convey as by a flash; to light up, as by a sudden flame or light;
as, to flash a message along the wires; to flash conviction on the
mind.

3. (Glass Making) To cover with a thin layer, as objects of glass with
glass of a different color. See Flashing, n., 3 (b).

4. To trick up in a showy manner.

    Limning and flashing it with various dyes.


A. Brewer.

5. [Perh. due to confusion between flash of light and plash, splash.]
To strike and throw up large bodies of water from the surface; to
splash. [Obs.]

    He rudely flashed the waves about.


Spenser.

Flashed glass. See Flashing, n., 3.

Flash, n.; pl. Flashes (&?;). 1. A sudden burst of light; a flood of
light instantaneously appearing and disappearing; a momentary blaze;
as, a flash of lightning.

2. A sudden and brilliant burst, as of wit or genius; a momentary
brightness or show.

    The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind.


Shak.

    No striking sentiment, no flash of fancy.


Wirt.

3. The time during which a flash is visible; an instant; a very brief
period.

    The Persians and Macedonians had it for a flash.


Bacon.

4. A preparation of capsicum, burnt sugar, etc., for coloring and
giving a fictitious strength to liquors.

Flash light, or Flashing light, a kind of light shown by lighthouses,
produced by the revolution of reflectors, so as to show a flash of
light every few seconds, alternating with periods of dimness. Knight.
-- Flash in the pan, the flashing of the priming in the pan of a
flintlock musket without discharging the piece; hence, sudden,
spasmodic effort that accomplishes nothing.

Flash, a. 1. Showy, but counterfeit; cheap, pretentious, and vulgar;
as, flash jewelry; flash finery.

2. Wearing showy, counterfeit ornaments; vulgarly pretentious; as,
flash people; flash men or women; -- applied especially to thieves,
gamblers, and prostitutes that dress in a showy way and wear much cheap
jewelry.

Flash house, a house frequented by flash people, as thieves and whores;
hence, a brothel. "A gang of footpads, reveling with their favorite
beauties at a flash house." Macaulay.

Flash, n. Slang or cant of thieves and prostitutes.

Flash, n. [OE. flasche, flaske; cf. OF. flache, F. flaque.] 1. A pool.
[Prov. Eng.] Haliwell.

2. (Engineering) A reservoir and sluiceway beside a navigable stream,
just above a shoal, so that the stream may pour in water as boats pass,
and thus bear them over the shoal.

Flash wheel (Mech.), a paddle wheel made to revolve in a breast or
curved water way, by which water is lifted from the lower to the higher
level.

Flash"board` (?), n. A board placed temporarily upon a milldam, to
raise the water in the pond above its usual level; a flushboard. [U.S.]

Flash"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, flashes.

2. A man of more appearance of wit than reality.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A large sparoid fish of the Atlantic coast and all
tropical seas (Lobotes Surinamensis). (b) The European red-backed
shrike (Lanius collurio); -- called also flusher.

Flash"i*ly (?), adv. In a flashy manner; with empty show.

Flash"i*ness, n. The quality of being flashy.

Flash"ing, n. 1. (Engineering) The creation of an artifical flood by
the sudden letting in of a body of water; -- called also flushing.

2. (Arch.) Pieces of metal, built into the joints of a wall, so as to
lap over the edge of the gutters or to cover the edge of the roofing;
also, similar pieces used to cover the valleys of roofs of slate,
shingles, or the like. By extension, the metal covering of ridges and
hips of roofs; also, in the United States, the protecting of angles and
breaks in walls of frame houses with waterproof material, tarred paper,
or the like. Cf. Filleting.

3. (Glass Making) (a) The reheating of an article at the furnace
aperture during manufacture to restore its plastic condition; esp., the
reheating of a globe of crown glass to allow it to assume a flat shape
as it is rotated. (b) A mode of covering transparent white glass with a
film of colored glass. Knight.

Flashing point (Chem.), that degree of temperature at which a volatile
oil gives off vapor in sufficient quantity to burn, or flash, on the
approach of a flame, used as a test of the comparative safety of oils,
esp. kerosene; a flashing point of 100∞ F. is regarded as a fairly safe
standard. The burning point of the oil is usually from ten to thirty
degree above the flashing point of its vapor.

Flash"y (?), a. 1. Dazzling for a moment; making a momentary show of
brilliancy; transitorily bright.

    A little flashy and transient pleasure.


Barrow.

2. Fiery; vehement; impetuous.

    A temper always flashy.


Burke.

3. Showy; gay; gaudy; as, a flashy dress.

4. Without taste or spirit.

    Lean and flashy songs.


Milton.

Flask (?), n. [AS. flasce, flaxe; akin to D. flesch, OHG. flasca, G.
flasche, Icel. & Sw. flaska, Dan. flaske, OF. flasche, LL. flasca,
flasco; of uncertain origin; cf. L. vasculum, dim. of vas a vessel, Gr.
&?;, &?;, &?;. Cf. Flagon, Flasket.] 1. A small bottle-shaped vessel
for holding fluids; as, a flask of oil or wine.

2. A narrow-necked vessel of metal or glass, used for various purposes;
as of sheet metal, to carry gunpowder in; or of wrought iron, to
contain quicksilver; or of glass, to heat water in, etc.

3. A bed in a gun carriage. [Obs.] Bailey.

4. (Founding) The wooden or iron frame which holds the sand, etc.,
forming the mold used in a foundry; it consists of two or more parts;
viz., the cope or top; sometimes, the cheeks, or middle part; and the
drag, or bottom part. When there are one or more cheeks, the flask is
called a three part flask, four part flask, etc.

Erlenmeyer flask, a thin glass flask, flat- bottomed and cone-shaped to
allow of safely shaking its contents laterally without danger of
spilling; -- so called from Erlenmeyer, a German chemist who invented
it. -- Florence flask. [From Florence in Italy.] (a) Same as Betty, n.,
3. (b) A glass flask, round or pear-shaped, with round or flat bottom,
and usually very thin to allow of heating solutions. -- Pocket flask, a
kind of pocket dram bottle, often covered with metal or leather to
protect it from breaking.

Flask"et (?), n. [Cf. W. fflasged a vessel of straw or wickerwork,
fflasg flask, basket, and E. flask.] 1. A long, shallow basket, with
two handles. [Eng.]

    In which they gathered flowers to fill their flasket.


Spenser.

2. A small flask.

3. A vessel in which viands are served. [Obs.] Pope.

Flat (?), a. [Compar. Flatter (?); superl. Flattest (?).] [Akin to
Icel. flatr, Sw. flat, Dan. flad, OHG. flaz, and AS. flet floor, G.
flˆtz stratum, layer.] 1. Having an even and horizontal surface, or
nearly so, without prominences or depressions; level without
inclination; plane.

    Though sun and moon Were in the flat sea sunk.


Milton.

2. Lying at full length, or spread out, upon the ground; level with the
ground or earth; prostrate; as, to lie flat on the ground; hence,
fallen; laid low; ruined; destroyed.

    What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities flat!


Milton.

    I feel . . . my hopes all flat.


Milton.

3. (Fine Arts) Wanting relief; destitute of variety; without points of
prominence and striking interest.

    A large part of the work is, to me, very flat.


Coleridge.

4. Tasteless; stale; vapid; insipid; dead; as, fruit or drink flat to
the taste.

5. Unanimated; dull; uninteresting; without point or spirit;
monotonous; as, a flat speech or composition.

    How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of
    this world.


Shak.

6. Lacking liveliness of commercial exchange and dealings; depressed;
dull; as, the market is flat.

7. Clear; unmistakable; peremptory; absolute; positive; downright.

    Flat burglary as ever was committed.


Shak.

    A great tobacco taker too, -- that's flat.


Marston.

8. (Mus.) (a) Below the true pitch; hence, as applied to intervals,
minor, or lower by a half step; as, a flat seventh; A flat. (b) Not
sharp or shrill; not acute; as, a flat sound.

9. (Phonetics) Sonant; vocal; -- applied to any one of the sonant or
vocal consonants, as distinguished from a nonsonant (or sharp)
consonant.

Flat arch. (Arch.) See under Arch, n., 2. (b). -- Flat cap, cap paper,
not folded. See under Paper. -- Flat chasing, in fine art metal
working, a mode of ornamenting silverware, etc., producing figures by
dots and lines made with a punching tool. Knight. -- Flat chisel, a
sculptor's chisel for smoothing. -- Flat file, a file wider than its
thickness, and of rectangular section. See File. -- Flat nail, a small,
sharp- pointed, wrought nail, with a flat, thin head, larger than a
tack. Knight. -- Flat paper, paper which has not been folded. -- Flat
rail, a railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar spiked to a
longitudinal sleeper. -- Flat rods (Mining), horizontal or inclined
connecting rods, for transmitting motion to pump rods at a distance.
Raymond. -- Flat rope, a rope made by plaiting instead of twisting;
gasket; sennit. Some flat hoisting ropes, as for mining shafts, are
made by sewing together a number of ropes, making a wide, flat band.
Knight. -- Flat space. (Geom.) See Euclidian space. -- Flat stitch, the
process of wood engraving. [Obs.] -- Flat tint (Painting), a coat of
water color of one uniform shade. -- To fall flat (Fig.), to produce no
effect; to fail in the intended effect; as, his speech fell flat.

    Of all who fell by saber or by shot, Not one fell half so flat as
    Walter Scott.


Lord Erskine.

Flat (?), adv. 1. In a flat manner; directly; flatly.

    Sin is flat opposite to the Almighty.


Herbert.

2. (Stock Exchange) Without allowance for accrued interest. [Broker's
Cant]

<! p. 568 !>

Flat, n. 1. A level surface, without elevation, relief, or prominences;
an extended plain; specifically, in the United States, a level tract
along the along the banks of a river; as, the Mohawk Flats.

    Envy is as the sunbeams that beat hotter upon a bank, or steep
    rising ground, than upon a flat.


Bacon.

2. A level tract lying at little depth below the surface of water, or
alternately covered and left bare by the tide; a shoal; a shallow; a
strand.

    Half my power, this night Passing these flats, are taken by the
    tide.


Shak.

3. Something broad and flat in form; as: (a) A flat-bottomed boat,
without keel, and of small draught. (b) A straw hat, broad- brimmed and
low-crowned. (c) (Railroad Mach.) A car without a roof, the body of
which is a platform without sides; a platform car. (d) A platform on
wheel, upon which emblematic designs, etc., are carried in processions.

4. The flat part, or side, of anything; as, the broad side of a blade,
as distinguished from its edge.

5. (Arch.) A floor, loft, or story in a building; especially, a floor
of a house, which forms a complete residence in itself.

6. (Mining) A horizontal vein or ore deposit auxiliary to a main vein;
also, any horizontal portion of a vein not elsewhere horizontal.
Raymond.

7. A dull fellow; a simpleton; a numskull. [Colloq.]

    Or if you can not make a speech, Because you are a flat.


Holmes.

8. (Mus.) A character [] before a note, indicating a tone which is a
half step or semitone lower.

9. (Geom.) A homaloid space or extension.

Flat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flatted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flatting
(?).] 1. To make flat; to flatten; to level.

2. To render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to depress.

    Passions are allayed, appetites are flatted.


Barrow.

3. To depress in tone, as a musical note; especially, to lower in pitch
by half a tone.

Flat, v. i. 1. To become flat, or flattened; to sink or fall to an even
surface. Sir W. Temple.

2. (Mus.) To fall form the pitch.

To flat out, to fail from a promising beginning; to make a bad ending;
to disappoint expectations. [Colloq.]

Flat"bill` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the genus Flatyrynchus. They
belong to the family of flycatchers.

Flat"boat` (?), n. A boat with a flat bottom and square ends; -- used
for the transportation of bulky freight, especially in shallow waters.

Flat"-bot`tomed (?), a. Having an even lower surface or bottom; as, a
flat-bottomed boat.

Flat"-cap` (?), n. A kind of low- crowned cap formerly worn by all
classes in England, and continued in London after disuse elsewhere; --
hence, a citizen of London. Marston.

Flat"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any fish of the family PleuronectidÊ; esp.,
the winter flounder (Pleuronectes Americanus). The flatfishes have the
body flattened, swim on the side, and have eyes on one side, as the
flounder, turbot, and halibut. See Flounder.

Flat" foot` (?). (Med.) A foot in which the arch of the instep is
flattened so that the entire sole of the foot rests upon the ground;
also, the deformity, usually congential, exhibited by such a foot;
splayfoot.

Flat"-foot`ed, a. 1. Having a flat foot, with little or no arch of the
instep.

2. Firm-footed; determined. [Slang, U.S.]

Flat"head` (?), a. Characterized by flatness of head, especially that
produced by artificial means, as a certain tribe of American Indians.

Flat"head`, n. (Ethnol.) A Chinook Indian. See Chinook, n., 1.

Flat"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head with a flattened top; as, a
flat-headed nail.

Flat"i`ron (?), n. An iron with a flat, smooth surface for ironing
clothes.

Fla"tive (?), a. [L. flare, flatum to blow.] Producing wind; flatulent.
[Obs.] A. Brewer.

Flat"ling (?), adv. [Flat, a. + adverbial suff. -ling.] With the flat
side, as of a sword; flatlong; in a prostrate position. [Obs.] Spenser.

Flat"long (?; 115), adv. With the flat side downward; not edgewise.
Shak.

Flat"ly, adv. In a flat manner; evenly; horizontally; without spirit;
dully; frigidly; peremptorily; positively; plainly. "He flatly refused
his aid." Sir P. Sidney.

    He that does the works of religion slowly, flatly, and without
    appetite.


Jer. Taylor.

Flat"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being flat.

2. Eveness of surface; want of relief or prominence; the state of being
plane or level.

3. Want of vivacity or spirit; prostration; dejection; depression.

4. Want of variety or flavor; dullness; insipidity.

5. Depression of tone; the state of being below the true pitch; --
opposed to sharpness or acuteness.

Fla*tour" (?), n. [OF.] A flatterer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Flat"ten (flt"t'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flattened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flattening.] [From Flat, a.] 1. To reduce to an even surface or one
approaching evenness; to make flat; to level; to make plane.

2. To throw down; to bring to the ground; to prostrate; hence, to
depress; to deject; to dispirit.

3. To make vapid or insipid; to render stale.

4. (Mus.) To lower the pitch of; to cause to sound less sharp; to let
fall from the pitch.

To flatten a sail (Naut.), to set it more nearly fore-and-aft of the
vessel. -- Flattening oven, in glass making, a heated chamber in which
split glass cylinders are flattened for window glass.

Flat"ten, v. i. To become or grow flat, even, depressed, dull, vapid,
spiritless, or depressed below pitch.

Flat"ter (flt"tr), n. 1. One who, or that which, makes flat or
flattens.

2. (Metal Working) (a) A flat-faced fulling hammer. (b) A drawplate
with a narrow, rectangular orifice, for drawing flat strips, as watch
springs, etc.

Flat"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flattered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flattering.] [OE. flateren, cf. OD. flatteren; akin to G. flattern to
flutter, Icel. fla&?;ra to fawn, flatter: cf. F. flatter. Cf. Flitter,
Flutter, Flattery.] 1. To treat with praise or blandishments; to
gratify or attempt to gratify the self-love or vanity of, esp. by
artful and interested commendation or attentions; to blandish; to
cajole; to wheedle.

    When I tell him he hates flatterers, He says he does, being then
    most flattered.


Shak.

    A man that flattereth his neighbor, spreadeth a net for his feet.


Prov. xxix. 5.

    Others he flattered by asking their advice.


Prescott.

2. To raise hopes in; to encourage or favorable, but sometimes
unfounded or deceitful, representations.

3. To portray too favorably; to give a too favorable idea of; as, his
portrait flatters him.

Flat"ter, v. i. To use flattery or insincere praise.

    If it may stand him more in stead to lie, Say and unsay, feign,
    flatter, or adjure.


Milton.

Flat"ter*er (?), n. One who flatters.

    The most abject flaterers degenerate into the greatest tyrants.


Addison.

Flat"ter*ing, a. That flatters (in the various senses of the verb); as,
a flattering speech.

    Lay not that flattering unction to your soul.


Shak.

    A flattering painter, who made it his care, To draw men as they
    ought be, not as they are.


Goldsmith.

Flat"ter*ing*ly, adv. With flattery.

Flat"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Flatteries (#). [OE. flaterie, OF. flaterie, F.
flaterie, fr. flater to flatter, F. flatter; of uncertain origin. See
Flatter, v. t.] The act or practice of flattering; the act of pleasing
by artful commendation or compliments; adulation; false, insincere, or
excessive praise.

    Just praise is only a debt, but flattery is a present.


Rambler.

    Flattery corrupts both the receiver and the giver.


Burke.

Syn. -- Adulation; compliment; obsequiousness. See Adulation.

Flat"ting (?), n. 1. The process or operation of making flat, as a
cylinder of glass by opening it out.

2. A mode of painting,in which the paint, being mixed with turpentine,
leaves the work without gloss. Gwilt.

3. A method of preserving gilding unburnished, by touching with size.
Knolles.

4. The process of forming metal into sheets by passing it between
rolls.

Flatting coat, a coat of paint so put on as to have no gloss. --
Flatting furnace. Same as flattening oven, under Flatten. -- Flatting
mill. (a) A rolling mill producing sheet metal; esp., in mints, the
ribbon from which the planchets are punched. (b) A mill in which grains
of metal are flatted by steel rolls, and reduced to metallic dust, used
for purposes of ornamentation.

Flat"tish (?), a. Somewhat flat. Woodward.

{ Flat"u*lence (?), Flat"u*len*cy (?) }, n. [Cf. F. flatulence.] The
state or quality of being flatulent.

Flat"u*lent (?), a. [L. flatus a blowing, flatus ventris windiness,
flatulence, fr. flare to blow: cf. F. flatulent. See Blow.] 1. Affected
with flatus or gases generated in the alimentary canal; windy.

2. Generating, or tending to generate, wind in the stomach.

    Vegetables abound more with aÎrial particles than animal
    substances, and therefore are more flatulent.


Arbuthnot.

3. Turgid with flatus; as, a flatulent tumor. Quincy.

4. Pretentious without substance or reality; puffy; empty; vain; as, a
flatulent vanity.

    He is too flatulent sometimes, and sometimes too dry.


Dryden.

Flat"u*lent*ly, adv. In a flatulent manner; with flatulence.

Flat`u*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. flatuositÈ.] Flatulence. [Obs.] Bacon.

Flat"u*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. flatueux.] Windy; generating wind. [Obs.]
Bacon.

||Fla"tus (?), n.; pl. E. Flatuses (#), L. Flatus. [L., fr. flare to
||blow.] 1. A breath; a puff of wind. Clarke.

2. Wind or gas generated in the stomach or other cavities of the body.
Quincy.

Flat"ware` (?), n. Articles for the table, as china or silverware, that
are more or less flat, as distinguished from hollow ware. [Webster 1913
Suppl.]

Flat"wise` (?), a. or adv. With the flat side downward, or next to
another object; not edgewise.

Flat"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any worm belonging to the Plathelminthes;
also, sometimes applied to the planarians.

Flaun"drish (? or ?), a. Flemish. [Obs.]

Flaunt (fl‰nt or flnt; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flaunted; p. pr. & vb.
n.. Flaunting.] [Cf. dial. G. flandern to flutter, wave; perh. akin to
E. flatter, flutter.] To throw or spread out; to flutter; to move
ostentatiously; as, a flaunting show.

    You flaunt about the streets in your new gilt chariot.


Arbuthnot.

    One flaunts in rags, one flutters in brocade.


Pope.

Flaunt, v. t. To display ostentatiously; to make an impudent show of.

Flaunt, n. Anything displayed for show. [Obs.]

    In these my borrowed flaunts.


Shak.

Flaunt"ing*ly, adv. In a flaunting way.

Flau"tist (?), n. [It. flauto a flute See Flute.] A player on the
flute; a flutist.

||Flau"to (flou"t), n. [It.] A flute.

Flaute piccolo (&?;) [It., little flute], an octave flute. -- Flauto
traverso (&?;) [It., transverse flute], the German flute, held
laterally, instead of being played, like the old fl˚te ‡ bec, with a
mouth piece at the end.

Fla*van"i*line (? or ?; 104), n. [L. flavus yellow + E. aniline.]
(Chem.) A yellow, crystalline, organic dyestuff, C16H14N2, of artifical
production. It is a strong base, and is a complex derivative of aniline
and quinoline.

Fla*ves"cent (?), a. [L. flavescens, p. pr. of flavescere to turn
yellow.] Turning yellow; yellowish.

Fla*vic"o*mous (?), a. [L. flavicomus; flavus yellow + coma hair.]
Having yellow hair. [R.]

Fla"vin (?), n. [L. flavus yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow, vegetable
dyestuff, resembling quercitron.

Fla"vine (?; 104), n. (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline, organic base,
C13H12N2O, obtained artificially.

Fla"vol (?), n. [L. flavus yellow + -oil.] (Chem.) A yellow,
crystalline substance, obtained from anthraquinone, and regarded as a
hydroxyl derivative of it.

Fla"vor (?), n. [OF. fleur, flaur (two syllables), odor, cf. F. fleurer
to emit an odor, It. flatore a bad odor, prob. fr. L. flare to bow,
whence the sense of exhalation. Cf. Blow.] [Written also flavour.] 1.
That quality of anything which affects the smell; odor; fragrances; as,
the flavor of a rose.

2. That quality of anything which affects the taste; that quality which
gratifies the palate; relish; zest; savor; as, the flavor of food or
drink.

3. That which imparts to anything a peculiar odor or taste, gratifying
to the sense of smell, or the nicer perceptions of the palate; a
substance which flavors.

4. That quality which gives character to any of the productions of
literature or the fine arts.

Fla"vor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flavored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flavoring.]
To give flavor to; to add something (as salt or a spice) to, to give
character or zest.

Fla"vored (?), a. Having a distinct flavor; as, high-flavored wine.

Fla"vor*less (?), a. Without flavor; tasteless.

Fla"vor*ous (?), a. Imparting flavor; pleasant to the taste or smell;
sapid. Dryden.

Fla"vous (?), a. [L. flavus.] Yellow. [Obs.]

Flaw (fl), n. [OE. flai, flaw flake; cf. Sw. flaga flaw, crack, breach,
flake, D. vlaag gust of wind, Norw. flage, flaag, and E. flag a flat
stone.] 1. A crack or breach; a gap or fissure; a defect of continuity
or cohesion; as, a flaw in a knife or a vase.

    This heart Shall break into a hundered thousand flaws.


Shak.

2. A defect; a fault; as, a flaw in reputation; a flaw in a will, in a
deed, or in a statute.

    Has not this also its flaws and its dark side?


South.

3. A sudden burst of noise and disorder; a tumult; uproar; a quarrel.
[Obs.]

    And deluges of armies from the town Came pouring in; I heard the
    mighty flaw.


Dryden.

4. A sudden burst or gust of wind of short duration.

    Snow, and hail, and stormy gust and flaw.


Milton.

    Like flaws in summer laying lusty corn.


Tennyson.

Syn. -- Blemish; fault; imperfection; spot; speck.

Flaw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flawed (fld); p. pr. & vb. n. Flawing.] 1. To
crack; to make flaws in.

    The brazen caldrons with the frosts are flawed.


Dryden.

2. To break; to violate; to make of no effect. [Obs.]

    France hath flawed the league.


Shak.

Flaw"less, a. Free from flaws. Boyle.

Flawn (fln), n. [OF. flaon, F. flan, LL. flado, fr. OHG. flado, G.
fladen, a sort of pancake; cf. Gr. &?; broad. See Place.] A sort of
flat custard or pie. [Obs.] Tusser.

Flaw"ter (?), v. t. [Cf. Flay.] To scrape or pare, as a skin. [Obs.]
Johnson.

Flaw"y (?), a. 1. Full of flaws or cracks; broken; defective; faulty.
Johnson.

2. Subject to sudden flaws or gusts of wind.

Flax (flks), n. [AS. fleax; akin to D. vlas, OHG. flahs, G. flachs, and
prob. to flechten to braid, plait,m twist, L. plectere to weave,
plicare to fold, Gr. &?; to weave, plait. See Ply.] 1. (Bot.) A plant
of the genus Linum, esp. the L. usitatissimum, which has a single,
slender stalk, about a foot and a half high, with blue flowers. The
fiber of the bark is used for making thread and cloth, called linen,
cambric, lawn, lace, etc. Linseed oil is expressed from the seed.

2. The skin or fibrous part of the flax plant, when broken and cleaned
by hatcheling or combing.

Earth flax (Min.), amianthus. -- Flax brake, a machine for removing the
woody portion of flax from the fibrous. -- Flax comb, a hatchel,
hackle, or heckle. -- Flax cotton, the fiber of flax, reduced by
steeping in bicarbonate of soda and acidulated liquids, and prepared
for bleaching and spinning like cotton. Knight. -- Flax dresser, one
who breaks and swingles flax, or prepares it for the spinner. -- Flax
mill, a mill or factory where flax is spun or linen manufactured. --
Flax puller, a machine for pulling flax plants in the field. -- Flax
wench. (a) A woman who spins flax. [Obs.] (b) A prostitute. [Obs.]
Shak. -- Mountain flax (Min.), amianthus. -- New Zealand flax (Bot.)
See Flax- plant.

Flax"en (?), a. Made of flax; resembling flax or its fibers; of the
color of flax; of a light soft straw color; fair and flowing, like flax
or tow; as, flaxen thread; flaxen hair.

Flax"-plant` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant in new Zealand (Phormium tenax),
allied to the lilies and aloes. The leaves are two inches wide and
several feet long, and furnish a fiber which is used for making ropes,
mats, and coarse cloth.

Flax"seed` (?), n. The seed of the flax; linseed.

Flax"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Toadflax.

Flax"y (?), a. Like flax; flaxen. Sir M. Sandys.

Flay (fl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flayed (fld); p. pr. & vb. n. Flaying.]
[OE. flean, flan, AS. fle·n; akin to D. vlaen, Icel. fl, Sw. flÂ, Dan.
flaae, cf. Lith. pleszti to tear, plyszti, v.i., to burst, tear; perh.
akin to E. flag a flat stone, flaw.] To skin; to strip off the skin or
surface of; as, to flay an ox; to flay the green earth.

    With her nails She 'll flay thy wolfish visage.


Shak.

<! p. 569 !>

Flay"er (?), n. One who strips off the skin.

Flea (fl), v. t. [See Flay.] To flay. [Obs.]

    He will be fleaed first And horse collars made of's skin.


J. Fletcher.

Flea, n. [OE. fle, flee, AS. fle·, fle·h; akin to D. vtoo, OHG. flh, G.
floh, Icel. fl, Russ. blocha; prob. from the root of E. flee.
&radic;84. See Flee.] (Zoˆl.) An insect belonging to the genus Pulex,
of the order Aphaniptera. Fleas are destitute of wings, but have the
power of leaping energetically. The bite is poisonous to most persons.
The human flea (Pulex irritans), abundant in Europe, is rare in
America, where the dog flea (P. canis) takes its place. See
Aphaniptera, and Dog flea. See Illustration in Appendix.

A flea in the ear, an unwelcome hint or unexpected reply, annoying like
a flea; an irritating repulse; as, to put a flea in one's ear; to go
away with a flea in one's ear. -- Beach flea, Black flea, etc. See
under Beach, etc.

Flea"bane` (?), n. (Bot.) One of various plants, supposed to have
efficacy in driving away fleas. They belong, for the most part, to the
genera Conyza, Erigeron, and Pulicaria.

Flea"-bee`tle (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small beetle of the family HalticidÊ,
of many species. They have strong posterior legs and leap like fleas.
The turnip flea-beetle (Phyllotreta vittata) and that of the grapevine
(Graptodera chalybea) are common injurious species.

Flea"-bite` (?), n. 1. The bite of a flea, or the red spot caused by
the bite.

2. A trifling wound or pain, like that of the bite of a flea. Harvey.

Flea"-bit`ten (?), a. 1. Bitten by a flea; as, a flea-bitten face.

2. White, flecked with minute dots of bay or sorrel; -- said of the
color of a horse.

Fleagh (fl), obs. imp. of Fly.

Fleak (flk), n. A flake; a thread or twist. [Obs.]

    Little long fleaks or threads of hemp.


Dr. H. More.

Fleak"ing, n. A light covering of reeds, over which the main covering
is laid, in thatching houses. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Flea"-louse` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A jumping plant louse of the family
PsyllidÊ, of many species. That of the pear tree is Psylla pyri.

Fleam (?), n. [F. flamme, OF. flieme, fr. LL. flevotomum, phlebotomum;
cf. D. vlijm. See Phlebotomy.] (Surg. & Far.) A sharp instrument used
for opening veins, lancing gums, etc.; a kind of lancet.

Fleam tooth, a tooth of a saw shaped like an isosceles triangle; a peg
tooth. Knight.

Fleam"y (?), a. Bloody; clotted. [Obs. or Prov.]

    Foamy bubbling of a fleamy brain.


Marston.

Flear (?), v. t. & i. See Fleer.

Flea"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An herb used in medicine (Plantago Psyllium),
named from the shape of its seeds. Loudon.

||FlËche (?), n. [F. flËche, prop., an arrow.] (Fort.) A simple
||fieldwork, consisting of two faces forming a salient angle pointing
||outward and open at the gorge.

Fleck (flk), n. A flake; also, a lock, as of wool. [Obs.] J. Martin.

Fleck (?), n. [Cf. Icel. flekkr; akin to Sw. fl‰ck, D. vlek, G. fleck,
and perh. to E. flitch.] A spot; a streak; a speckle. "A sunny fleck."
Longfellow.

    Life is dashed with flecks of sin.


tennyson.

Fleck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flecking.] [Cf.
Icel. flekka, Sw. fl‰cka, D. vlekken, vlakken, G. flecken. See Fleck,
n.] To spot; to streak or stripe; to variegate; to dapple.

    Both flecked with white, the true Arcadian strain.


Dryden.

    A bird, a cloud, flecking the sunny air.


Trench.

Fleck"er (?), v. t. To fleck. Johnson.

Fleck"less, a. Without spot or blame. [R.]

    My consnience will not count me fleckless.


Tennyson.

Flec"tion (?), n. [See Flexion.] 1. The act of bending, or state of
being bent.

2. The variation of words by declension, comparison, or conjugation;
inflection.

Flec"tion*al (?), a. Capable of, or pertaining to, flection or
inflection.

    A flectional word is a phrase in the bud.


Earle.

Flec"tor (?), n. A flexor.

Fled (?), imp. & p. p. of Flee.

Fledge (?), a. [OE. flegge, flygge; akin to D. vlug, G. fl¸gge, fl¸cke,
OHG. flucchi, Icel. fleygr, and to E. fly. &radic;84. See Fly, v. i.]
Feathered; furnished with feathers or wings; able to fly.

    His shoulders, fledge with wings.


Milton.

Fledge, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Fledged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fledging.] 1. To furnish with feathers; to supply with the feathers
necessary for flight.

    The birds were not as yet fledged enough to shift for themselves.


L'Estrange.

2. To furnish or adorn with any soft covering.

    Your master, whose chin is not yet fledged.


Shak.

Fledge"ling (?), n. A young bird just fledged.

Flee (fl), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fled (fld); p. pr. & vb. n. Fleeing.]
[OE. fleon, fleen, AS. fleÛn (imperf. fle·h); akin to D. vlieden, OHG.
& OS. fliohan, G. fliehen, Icel. flja (imperf. fli), Dan. flye, Sw.
fly (imperf. flydde), Goth. ˛liuhan. &radic;84. Cf. Flight.] To run
away, as from danger or evil; to avoid in an alarmed or cowardly
manner; to hasten off; -- usually with from. This is sometimes omitted,
making the verb transitive.

    [He] cowardly fled, not having struck one stroke.


Shak.

    Flee fornication.


1 Cor. vi. 18.

    So fled his enemies my warlike father.


Shak.

When great speed is to be indicated, we commonly use fly, not flee; as,
fly hence to France with the utmost speed. "Whither shall I fly to
'scape their hands?" Shak. See Fly, v. i., 5.

Fleece (fls), n. [OE. flees, AS. fleÛs; akin to D. flies, vlies .] 1.
The entire coat of wool that covers a sheep or other similar animal;
also, the quantity shorn from a sheep, or animal, at one time.

    Who shore me Like a tame wether, all my precious fleece.


Milton.

2. Any soft woolly covering resembling a fleece.

3. (Manuf.) The fine web of cotton or wool removed by the doffing knife
from the cylinder of a carding machine.

Fleece wool, wool shorn from the sheep. -- Golden fleece. See under
Golden.

Fleece, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fleeced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fleecing.] 1.
To deprive of a fleece, or natural covering of wool.

2. To strip of money or other property unjustly, especially by trickery
or fraud; to bring to straits by oppressions and exactions.

    Whilst pope and prince shared the wool betwixt them, the people
    were finely fleeced.


Fuller.

3. To spread over as with wool. [R.] Thomson.

Fleeced (?), a. 1. Furnished with a fleece; as, a sheep is well
fleeced. Spenser.

2. Stripped of a fleece; plundered; robbed.

Fleece"less (?), a. Without a fleece.

Flee"cer (?), n. One who fleeces or strips unjustly, especially by
trickery or fraund. Prynne.

Flee"cy (?), a. Covered with, made of, or resembling, a fleece. "Fleecy
flocks." Prior.

Fleen (?), n. pl. Obs. pl. of Flea. Chaucer.

Fle"er (?), n. One who flees. Ld. Berners.

Fleer (?), [imp. & p. p. Fleered (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Fleering.] [OE.
flerien; cf. Scot. fleyr, Norw. flira to titter, giggle, laugh at
nothing, MHG. vlerre, vlarre, a wide wound.] 1. To make a wry face in
contempt, or to grin in scorn; to deride; to sneer; to mock; to gibe;
as, to fleer and flout.

    To fleer and scorn at our solemnity.


Shak.

2. To grin with an air of civility; to leer. [Obs.]

    Grinning and fleering as though they went to a bear baiting.


Latimer.

Fleer, v. t. To mock; to flout at. Beau. & Fl.

Fleer, n. 1. A word or look of derision or mockery.

    And mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorn.


Shak.

2. A grin of civility; a leer. [Obs.]

    A sly, treacherous fleer on the face of deceivers.


South.

Fleer"er (?), n. One who fleers. Beau. & Fl.

Fleer"ing*ly, adv. In a fleering manner.

Fleet (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fleeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fleeting.] [OE.
fleten, fleoten, to swim, AS. fleÛtan to swim, float; akin to D.
vlieten to flow, OS. fliotan, OHG. fliozzan, G. fliessen, Icel. fljta
to float, flow, Sw. flyta, D. flyde, L. pluere to rain, Gr. &?; to
sail, swim, float, Skr. plu to swim, sail. &radic;84. Cf. Fleet, n. &
a., Float, Pluvial, Flow.] 1. To sail; to float. [Obs.]

    And in frail wood on Adrian Gulf doth fleet.


Spenser.

2. To fly swiftly; to pass over quickly; to hasten; to flit as a light
substance.

    All the unaccomplished works of Nature's hand, . . . Dissolved on
    earth, fleet hither.


Milton.

3. (Naut.) To slip on the whelps or the barrel of a capstan or
windlass; -- said of a cable or hawser.

Fleet, v. t. 1. To pass over rapidly; to skin the surface of; as, a
ship that fleets the gulf. Spenser.

2. To hasten over; to cause to pass away lighty, or in mirth and joy.

    Many young gentlemen flock to him, and fleet the time carelessly.


Shak.

3. (Naut.) (a) To draw apart the blocks of; -- said of a tackle.
Totten.

(b) To cause to slip down the barrel of a capstan or windlass, as a
rope or chain.

Fleet, a. [Compar. Fleeter (?); superl. Fleetest.] [Cf. Icel. flj&?;tr
quick. See Fleet, v. i.] 1. Swift in motion; moving with velocity;
light and quick in going from place to place; nimble.

    In mail their horses clad, yet fleet and strong.


Milton.

2. Light; superficially thin; not penetrating deep, as soil. [Prov.
Eng.] Mortimer.

Fleet, n. [OE. flete, fleote, AS. fleÛt ship, fr. fleÛtan to float,
swim. See Fleet, v. i. and cf. Float.] A number of vessels in company,
especially war vessels; also, the collective naval force of a country,
etc.

Fleet captain, the senior aid of the admiral of a fleet, when a
captain. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Fleet, n. [AS. fleÛt a place where vessels float, bay, river; akin to
D. vliet rill, brook, G. fliess. See Fleet, v. i.] 1. A flood; a creek
or inlet; a bay or estuary; a river; -- obsolete, except as a place
name, -- as Fleet Street in London.

    Together wove we nets to entrap the fish In floods and sedgy
    fleets.


Matthewes.

2. A former prison in London, which originally stood near a stream, the
Fleet (now filled up).

Fleet parson, a clergyman of low character, in, or in the vicinity of,
the Fleet prison, who was ready to unite persons in marriage (called
Fleet marriage) at any hour, without public notice, witnesses, or
consent of parents.

Fleet (?), v. t. [AS. flt cream, fr. fleÛtan to float. See Fleet, v.
i.] To take the cream from; to skim. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

Fleet"en (?), n. Fleeted or skimmed milk. [Obs.]

Fleeten face, a face of the color of fleeten, i. e., blanched; hence, a
coward. "You know where you are, you fleeten face." Beau. & Fl.

Fleet"-foot` (?), a. Swift of foot. Shak.

Fleet"ing, a. Passing swiftly away; not durable; transient; transitory;
as, the fleeting hours or moments.

Syn. -- Evanescent; ephemeral. See Transient.

Fleet"ing*ly, adv. In a fleeting manner; swiftly.

Fleet"ings (?), n. pl. A mixture of buttermilk and boiling whey; curds.
[prov. Eng.] Wright.

Fleet"ly, adv. In a fleet manner; rapidly.

Fleet"ness, n. Swiftness; rapidity; velocity; celerity; speed; as, the
fleetness of a horse or of time.

Fleigh (?), obs. imp. of Fly. Chaucer.

Fleme (?), v. t. [AS. flman, flman.] To banish; to drive out; to expel.
[Obs.] "Appetite flemeth discretion." Chaucer.

Flem"er (?), n. One who, or that which, banishes or expels. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Flem"ing (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Flanders.

Flem"ish (?), a. Pertaining to Flanders, or the Flemings. -- n. The
language or dialect spoken by the Flemings; also, collectively, the
people of Flanders.

Flemish accounts (Naut.), short or deficient accounts. [Humorous] Ham.
Nav. Encyc. -- Flemish beauty (Bot.), a well known pear. It is one of
few kinds which have a red color on one side. -- Flemish bond. (Arch.)
See Bond, n., 8. -- Flemish brick, a hard yellow paving brick. --
Flemish coil, a flat coil of rope with the end in the center and the
turns lying against, without riding over, each other. -- Flemish eye
(Naut.), an eye formed at the end of a rope by dividing the strands and
lying them over each other. -- Flemish horse (Naut.), an additional
footrope at the end of a yard.

Flench (?), v. t. Same as Flence.

Flense (?), v. t. [Cf. Dan. flense, D. vlensen, vlenzen, Scot. flinch.]
To strip the blubber or skin from, as from a whale, seal, etc.

    the flensed carcass of a fur seal.


U. S. Census (1880).

Flesh (?), n. [OE. flesch, flesc, AS. fl&?;sc; akin to OFries. flsk, D.
vleesch, OS. fl&?;sk, OHG. fleisc, G. fleisch, Icel. & Dan. flesk lard,
bacon, pork, Sw. fl‰sk.] 1. The aggregate of the muscles, fat, and
other tissues which cover the framework of bones in man and other
animals; especially, the muscles.

In composition it is mainly albuminous, but contains in adition a large
number of crystalline bodies, such as creatin, xanthin, hypoxanthin,
carnin, etc. It is also rich in phosphate of potash.

2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable; meat; especially, the
body of beasts and birds used as food, as distinguished from fish.

    With roasted flesh, or milk, and wastel bread.


Chaucer.

3. The human body, as distinguished from the soul; the corporeal
person.

    As if this flesh, which walls about our life, Were brass
    impregnable.


Shak.

4. The human eace; mankind; humanity.

    All flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth.


Gen. vi. 12.

5. Human nature: (a) In a good sense, tenderness of feeling;
gentleness.

    There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart.


Cowper.

(b) In a bad sense, tendency to transient or physical pleasure; desire
for sensual gratification; carnality. (c) (Theol.) The character under
the influence of animal propensities or selfish passions; the soul
unmoved by spiritual influences.

6. Kindred; stock; race.

    He is our brother and our flesh.


Gen. xxxvii. 27.

7. The soft, pulpy substance of fruit; also, that part of a root,
fruit, and the like, which is fit to be eaten.

Flesh is often used adjectively or self-explaining compounds; as, flesh
broth or flesh-broth; flesh brush or fleshbrush; flesh tint or
flesh-tint; flesh wound.

After the flesh, after the manner of man; in a gross or earthly manner.
"Ye judge after the flesh." John viii. 15. -- An arm of flesh, human
strength or aid. -- Flesh and blood. See under Blood. -- Flesh broth,
broth made by boiling flesh in water. -- Flesh fly (Zoˆl.), one of
several species of flies whose larvÊ or maggots feed upon flesh, as the
bluebottle fly; -- called also meat fly, carrion fly, and blowfly. See
Blowly. -- Flesh meat, animal food. Swift. -- Flesh side, the side of a
skin or hide which was next to the flesh; -- opposed to grain side. --
Flesh tint (Painting), a color used in painting to imitate the hue of
the living body. -- Flesh worm (Zoˆl.), any insect larva of a flesh
fly. See Flesh fly (above). -- Proud flesh. See under Proud. -- To be
one flesh, to be closely united as in marriage; to become as one
person. Gen. ii. 24.

Flesh, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fleshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fleshing.] 1.
To feed with flesh, as an incitement to further exertion; to initiate;
-- from the practice of training hawks and dogs by feeding them with
the first game they take, or other flesh. Hence, to use upon flesh (as
a murderous weapon) so as to draw blood, especially for the first time.

    Full bravely hast thou fleshed Thy maiden sword.


Shak.

    The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth on every innocent.


Shak.

2. To glut; to satiate; hence, to harden, to accustom. "Fleshed in
triumphs." Glanvill.

    Old soldiers Fleshed in the spoils of Germany and France.


Beau. & Fl.

3. (Leather Manufacture) To remove flesh, membrance, etc., from, as
from hides.

<! p. 570 !>

Fleshed (?), a. 1. Corpulent; fat; having flesh.

2. Glutted; satiated; initiated.

    Fleshed with slaughter.


Dryden.

Flesh"er (?), n. 1. A butcher.

    A flesher on a block had laid his whittle down.


Macaulay.

2. A two-handled, convex, blunt-edged knife, for scraping hides; a
fleshing knife.

Flesh"hood (?), n. The state or condition of having a form of flesh;
incarnation. [R.]

    Thou, who hast thyself Endured this fleshhood.


Mrs. Browning.

Flesh"i*ness (?), n. The state of being fleshy; plumpness; corpulence;
grossness. Milton.

Flesh"ings (?), n. pl. Flesh- colored tights, worn by actors and
dancers. D. Jerrold.

Flesh"less, a. Destitute of flesh; lean. Carlyle.

Flesh"li*ness (?), n. The state of being fleshly; carnal passions and
appetites. Spenser.

Flesh"ling (?), n. A person devoted to fleshly things. [Obs.] Spenser.

Flesh"ly (-l), a. [AS. flsclc.] 1. Of or pertaining to the flesh;
corporeal. "Fleshly bondage." Denham.

2. Animal; not vegetable. Dryden.

3. Human; not celestial; not spiritual or divine. "Fleshly wisdom." 2
Cor. i. 12.

    Much ostentation vain of fleshly arm And fragile arms.


Milton.

4. Carnal; wordly; lascivious.

    Abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul.


1 Pet. ii. 11.

Flesh"ly, adv. In a fleshly manner; carnally; lasciviously. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Flesh"ment (?), n. The act of fleshing, or the excitement attending a
successful beginning. [R.] Shak.

Flesh"mon`ger (?), n. [AS. flsc mangere.] One who deals in flesh;
hence, a pimp; a procurer; a pander. [R.] Shak.

Flesh"pot` (?), n. A pot or vessel in which flesh is cooked; hence
(pl.), plenty; high living.

    In the land of Egypt . . . we sat by the fleshpots, and . . . did
    eat bread to the full.


Ex. xvi. 3.

Flesh"quake` (?), n. A quaking or trembling of the flesh; a quiver.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

Flesh"y (?), a. [Compar. Fleshier (?); superl. Fleshiest (?).] 1. Full
of, or composed of, flesh; plump; corpulent; fat; gross.

    The sole of his foot is fleshy.


Ray.

2. Human. [Obs.] "Fleshy tabernacle." Milton.

3. (Bot.) Composed of firm pulp; succulent; as, the houseleek, cactus,
and agave are fleshy plants.

Flet (?), p. p. of Fleet. Skimmed. [Obs.]

Fletch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fletched (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fletching.] [F. flËche arrow.] To feather, as an arrow. Bp. Warburton.

    [Congress] fletched their complaint, by adding: "America loved his
    brother."


Bancroft.

Fletch"er (?), n. [OF. flechier.] One who fletches or feathers arrows;
a manufacturer of bows and arrows. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Flete (?), v. i. [See Fleet, v. i.] To float; to swim. [Obs.] "Whether
I sink or flete." Chaucer.

Fle*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. fletifer; fletus a weeping (from flere,
fletum, to weep) + ferre to bear.] Producing tears. [Obs.] Blount.

||Fleur`-de-lis` (?), n.; pl. Fleurs-de-lis (#). [F., flower of the
||lily. Cf. Flower-de-luce, Lily.] 1. (Bot.) The iris. See
||Flower-de-luce.

2. A conventional flower suggested by the iris, and having a form which
fits it for the terminal decoration of a scepter, the ornaments of a
crown, etc. It is also a heraldic bearing, and is identified with the
royal arms and adornments of France.

Fleur"y (?), a. [F. fleuri covered with flowers, p. p. of fleurir. See
Flourish.] (Her.) Finished at the ends with fleurs-de-lis; -- said esp.
of a cross so decorated.

Flew (?), imp. of Fly.

Flewed (?), a. Having large flews. Shak.

Flews (?), n. pl. The pendulous or overhanging lateral parts of the
upper lip of dogs, especially prominent in hounds; -- called also
chaps. See Illust. of Bloodhound.

Flex (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flexing.] [L.
flexus, p. p. of flectere to bend, perh. flectere and akin to falx
sickle, E. falchion. Cf. Flinch.] To bend; as, to flex the arm.

Flex, n. Flax. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Flex*an"i*mous (?), a. [L. flexanimus; flectere, flexum, to bend +
animus mind.] Having power to change the mind. [Obs.] Howell.

Flex`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. flexibilitas: cf. F. flexibilite.] The
state or quality of being flexible; flexibleness; pliancy; pliability;
as, the flexibility of strips of hemlock, hickory, whalebone or metal,
or of rays of light. Sir I. Newton.

    All the flexibility of a veteran courtier.


Macaulay.

Flex"i*ble (?), a. [L. flexibilis: cf. F. flexible.] 1. Capable of
being flexed or bent; admitting of being turned, bowed, or twisted,
without breaking; pliable; yielding to pressure; not stiff or brittle.

    When the splitting wind Makes flexible the knees of knotted oaks.


Shak.

2. Willing or ready to yield to the influence of others; not invincibly
rigid or obstinate; tractable; manageable; ductile; easy and compliant;
wavering.

    Phocion was a man of great severity, and no ways flexible to the
    will of the people.


Bacon.

    Women are soft, mild, pitiful, and flexible.


Shak.

3. Capable or being adapted or molded; plastic,; as, a flexible
language.

    This was a principle more flexible to their purpose.


Rogers.

Syn. -- Pliant; pliable; supple; tractable; manageable; ductile;
obsequious; inconstant; wavering.

-- Flex"i*ble*ness, n. -- Flex"i*bly, adv.

Flex`i*cos"tate (?), a. [L. flexus bent + E. costate.] (Anat.) Having
bent or curved ribs.

Flex"ile (?), a. [L. flexilis.] Flexible; pliant; pliable; easily bent;
plastic; tractable. Wordsworth.

Flex"ion (?), n. [L. flexio: cf. F. flexion.] 1. The act of flexing or
bending; a turning.

2. A bending; a part bent; a fold. Bacon.

3. (Gram.) Syntactical change of form of words, as by declension or
conjugation; inflection.

    Express the syntactical relations by flexion.


Sir W. Hamilton.

4. (Physiol.) The bending of a limb or joint; that motion of a joint
which gives the distal member a continually decreasing angle with the
axis of the proximal part; -- distinguished from extension.

Flex"or (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) A muscle which bends or flexes any part;
as, the flexors of the arm or the hand; -- opposed to extensor.

Flex"u*ose` (?; 135), a. Flexuous.

Flex"u*ous (?), a. [L. flexuosus, fr. flexus a bending, turning.] 1.
Having turns, windings, or flexures.

2. (Bot.) Having alternate curvatures in opposite directions; bent in a
zigzag manner.

3. Wavering; not steady; flickering. Bacon.

Flex"u*ral (?), a. [From Flexure.] Of, pertaining to, or resulting
from, flexure; of the nature of, or characterized by, flexure; as,
flexural elasticity.

Flex"ure (?; 135), n. [L. flexura.] 1. The act of flexing or bending; a
turning or curving; flexion; hence, obsequious bowing or bending.

    Will it give place to flexure and low bending?


Shak.

2. A turn; a bend; a fold; a curve.

    Varying with the flexures of the valley through which it meandered.


British Quart. Rev.

3. (Zoˆl.) The last joint, or bend, of the wing of a bird.

4. (Astron.) The small distortion of an astronomical instrument caused
by the weight of its parts; the amount to be added or substracted from
the observed readings of the instrument to correct them for this
distortion.

The flexure of a curve (Math.), the bending of a curve towards or from
a straight line.

Flib"ber*gib (?), n. A sycophant. [Obs. & Humorous.] "Flatterers and
flibbergibs." Latimer.

Flib"ber*ti*gib`bet (?), n. An imp. Shak.

||Fli`bus`tier" (?), n. [F.] A buccaneer; an American pirate. See
||Filibuster. [Obs.]

Flick (flk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flicked (flkt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flicking.] [Cf. Flicker.] To whip lightly or with a quick jerk; to
flap; as, to flick a horse; to flick the dirt from boots. Thackeray.

Flick, n. A flitch; as, a flick of bacon.

Flick"er (-r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flickered (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flickering.] [OE. flikeren, flekeren, to flutter, AS. flicerian,
flicorian, cf. D. flikkeren to sparkle. &radic;84. Cf. Flacker.] 1. To
flutter; to flap the wings without flying.

    And flickering on her nest made short essays to sing.


Dryden.

2. To waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current of air, or when about
to expire; as, the flickering light.

    The shadows flicker to fro.


Tennyson.

Flick"er, n. 1. The act of wavering or of fluttering; fluctuation;
sudden and brief increase of brightness; as, the last flicker of the
dying flame.

2. (Zoˆl.) The golden-winged woodpecker (Colaptes aurutus); -- so
called from its spring note. Called also yellow-hammer, high-holder,
pigeon woodpecker, and yucca.

    The cackle of the flicker among the oaks.


Thoureau.

Flick"ering*ly, adv. In a flickering manner.

Flick"er*mouse` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Flittermouse.

Flidge (?), a. Fledged; fledge. [Obs.] Holland.

Flidge, v. i. To become fledged; to fledge. [Obs.]

    Every day build their nests, every hour flidge.


R. Greene.

Fli"er (fl"r), n. [Form Fly, v.; cf. Flyer] 1. One who flies or flees;
a runaway; a fugitive. Shak.

2. (Mach.) A fly. See Fly, n., 9, and 13 (b).

3. (Spinning) See Flyer, n., 5.

4. (Arch.) See Flyer, n., 4.

Flight (flt), n. [AS. fliht, flyht, a flying, fr. fleÛgan to fly; cf.
flyht a fleeing, fr. fleÛn to flee, G. flucht a fleeing, Sw. flykt, G.
flug a flying, Sw. flygt, D. vlugt a fleeing or flying, Dan. flugt.
&radic;84. See Flee, Fly.] 1. The act of flying; a passing through the
air by the help of wings; volitation; mode or style of flying.

    Like the night owl's lazy flight.


Shak.

2. The act of fleeing; the act of running away, to escape danger or
expected evil; hasty departure.

    Pray ye that your flight be not in the winter.


Matt. xxiv. 20.

    Fain by flight to save themselves.


Shak.

3. Lofty elevation and excursion; a mounting; a soaring; as, a flight
of imagination, ambition, folly.

    Could he have kept his spirit to that flight, He had been happy.


Byron.

    His highest flights were indeed far below those of Taylor.


Macaulay.

4. A number of beings or things passing through the air together;
especially, a flock of birds flying in company; the birds that fly or
migrate together; the birds produced in one season; as, a flight of
arrows. Swift.

    Swift flights of angels ministrant.


Milton.

    Like a flight of fowl Scattered winds and tempestuous gusts.


Shak.

5. A series of steps or stairs from one landing to another. Parker.

6. A kind of arrow for the longbow; also, the sport of shooting with
it. See Shaft. [Obs.]

    Challenged Cupid at the flight.


Shak.

    Not a flight drawn home E'er made that haste that they have.


Beau. & Fl.

7. The husk or glume of oats. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Flight feathers (Zoˆl.), the wing feathers of a bird, including the
quills, coverts, and bastard wing. See Bird. -- To put to flight, To
turn to flight, to compel to run away; to force to flee; to rout.

Syn. -- Pair; set. See Pair.

Flight"ed (?), a. 1. Taking flight; flying; -- used in composition.
"Drowsy- flighted steeds." Milton.

2. (Her.) Feathered; -- said of arrows.

Flight"er (?), n. (Brewing) A horizontal vane revolving over the
surface of wort in a cooler, to produce a circular current in the
liquor. Knight.

Flight"i*ly (?), adv. In a flighty manner.

Flight"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being flighty.

    The flightness of her temper.


Hawthorne.

Syn. -- Levity; giddiness; volatility; lightness; wildness;
eccentricity. See Levity.

Flight"-shot` (?), n. The distance to which an arrow or flight may be
shot; bowshot, -- about the fifth of a mile. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

    Within a flight-shot it inthe valley.


Evelyn.

    Half a flight-shot from the king's oak.


Sir W. Scott.

Flight"y (?), a. 1. Fleeting; swift; transient.

    The flighty purpose never is o'ertook, Unless the deed go with it.


Shak.

2. Indulging in flights, or wild and unrestrained sallies, of
imagination, humor, caprice, etc.; given to disordered fancies and
extravagant conduct; volatile; giddy; eccentric; slighty delirious.

    Proofs of my flighty and paradoxical turn of mind.


Coleridge.

    A harsh disciplinarian and a flighty enthusiast.


J. S. Harford.

Flim"flam (?), n. [Cf. Flam.] A freak; a trick; a lie. Beau. & Fl.

Flim"si*ly (?), adv. In a flimsy manner.

Flim"si*ness, n. The state or quality of being flimsy.

Flim"sy (?), a. [Compar. Flimsier (?); superl. Flimsiest.] [Cf. W.
llymsi naked, bare, empty, sluggish, spiritless. Cf. Limsy.] Weak;
feeble; limp; slight; vain; without strength or solidity; of loose and
unsubstantial structure; without reason or plausibility; as, a flimsy
argument, excuse, objection.

    Proud of a vast extent of flimsy lines.


Pope.

    All the flimsy furniture of a country miss's brain.


Sheridan.

Syn. -- Weak; feeble; superficial; shallow; vain.

Flim"sy, n. 1. Thin or transfer paper.

2. A bank note. [Slang, Eng.]

Flinch (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flinched (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flinching.] [Prob. fr. OE. flecchen to waver, give way, F. flÈchir, fr.
L. flectere to bend; but prob. influenced by E. blench. Cf. Flex.] 1.
To withdraw from any suffering or undertaking, from pain or danger; to
fail in doing or perserving; to show signs of yielding or of suffering;
to shrink; to wince; as, one of the parties flinched from the combat.

    A child, by a constant course of kindness, may be accustomed to
    bear very rough usage without flinching or complaining.


Locke.

2. (Croquet) To let the foot slip from a ball, when attempting to give
a tight croquet.

Flinch, n. The act of flinching.

Flinch"er (?), n. One who flinches or fails.

Flinch"ing*ly, adv. In a flinching manner.

Flin"der*mouse` (?), n.[OE. vlindre moth (cf. D. vlinder butterfly) +
E. mouse. Cf. Flittermouse, Flinders.] (Zoˆl.) A bat; a flittermouse.

Flin"ders (?), n. pl. [Scot. flenders, flendris; perh. akin to E.
flutter; cf. D. flenters rags, broken pieces.] Small pieces or
splinters; fragments.

    The tough ash spear, so stout and true, Into a thousand flinders
    flew.


Sir W. Scott.

Fling (flng), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flung (flng); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flinging.] [OE. flingen, flengen, to rush, hurl; cf. Icel. flengia to
whip, ride furiously, OSw. flenga to strike, Sw. fl‰nga to romp, Dan.
flenge to slash.] 1. To cast, send, to throw from the hand; to hurl; to
dart; to emit with violence as if thrown from the hand; as, to fing a
stone into the pond.

    'T is Fate that flings the dice: and, as she flings, Of kings makes
    peasants, and of peasants kings.


Dryden.

    He . . . like Jove, his lighting flung.


Dryden.

    I know thy generous temper well. Fling but the appearance of
    dishonor on it, It straight takes fire.


Addison.

2. To shed forth; to emit; to scatter.

    The sun begins to fling His flaring beams.


Milton.

    Every beam new transient colors flings.


Pope.

3. To throw; to hurl; to throw off or down; to prostrate; hence, to
baffle; to defeat; as, to fling a party in litigation.

    His horse started, flung him, and fell upon him.


Walpole.

<! p. 571 !>

To fling about, to throw on all sides; to scatter. -- To fling away, to
reject; to discard.

    Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition.


Shak.

--To fling down. (a) To throw to the ground; esp., to throw in
defiance, as formerly knights cast a glove into the arena as a
challenge.

    This question so flung down before the guests, . . . Was handed
    over by consent of all To me who had not spoken.


Tennyson.

(b) To overturn; to demolish; to ruin. -- To fling in, to throw in; not
to charge in an account; as, in settling accounts, one party flings in
a small sum, or a few days' work. -- To fling off, to baffle in the
chase; to defeat of prey; also, to get rid of. Addison. -- To fling
open, to throw open; to open suddenly or with violence; as, to fling
open a door. -- To fling out, to utter; to speak in an abrupt or harsh
manner; as, to fling out hard words against another. -- To fling up, to
relinquish; to abandon; as, to fling up a design.

Fling (?), v. i. 1. To throw; to wince; to flounce; as, the horse began
to kick and fling.

2. To cast in the teeth; to utter abusive language; to sneer; as, the
scold began to flout and fling.

3. To throw one's self in a violent or hasty manner; to rush or spring
with violence or haste.

    And crop-full, out of doors he flings.


Milton.

    I flung closer to his breast, As sword that, after battle, flings
    to sheath.


Mrs. Browning.

To fling out, to become ugly and intractable; to utter sneers and
insinuations.

Fling, n. 1. A cast from the hand; a throw; also, a flounce; a kick;
as, the fling of a horse.

2. A severe or contemptuous remark; an expression of sarcastic scorn; a
gibe; a sarcasm.

    I, who love to have a fling, Both at senate house and king.


Swift.

3. A kind of dance; as, the Highland fling.

4. A trifing matter; an object of contempt. [Obs.]

    England were but a fling Save for the crooked stick and the gray
    goose wing.


Old Proverb.

To have one's fling, to enjoy one's self to the full; to have a season
of dissipation. J. H. Newman. "When I was as young as you, I had my
fling. I led a life of pleasure." D. Jerrold.

Fling"dust` (?), n. One who kicks up the dust; a streetwalker; a low
manner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Fling"er (?), n. One who flings; one who jeers.

Flint (?), n. [AS. flint, akin to Sw. flinta, Dan. flint; cf. OHG.
flins flint, G. flinte gun (cf. E. flintlock), perh. akin to Gr. &?;
brick. Cf. Plinth.] 1. (Min.) A massive, somewhat impure variety of
quartz, in color usually of a gray to brown or nearly black, breaking
with a conchoidal fracture and sharp edge. It is very hard, and strikes
fire with steel.

2. A piece of flint for striking fire; -- formerly much used, esp. in
the hammers of gun locks.

3. Anything extremely hard, unimpressible, and unyielding, like flint.
"A heart of flint." Spenser.

Flint age. (Geol.) Same as Stone age, under Stone. -- Flint brick, a
fire made principially of powdered silex. -- Flint glass. See in the
Vocabulary. -- Flint implements (ArchÊol.), tools, etc., employed by
men before the use of metals, such as axes, arrows, spears, knives,
wedges, etc., which were commonly made of flint, but also of granite,
jade, jasper, and other hard stones. -- Flint mill. (a) (Pottery) A
mill in which flints are ground. (b) (Mining) An obsolete appliance for
lighting the miner at his work, in which flints on a revolving wheel
were made to produce a shower of sparks, which gave light, but did not
inflame the fire damp. Knight. -- Flint stone, a hard, siliceous stone;
a flint. -- Flint wall, a kind of wall, common in England, on the face
of which are exposed the black surfaces of broken flints set in the
mortar, with quions of masonry. -- Liquor of flints, a solution of
silica, or flints, in potash. -- To skin a flint, to be capable of, or
guilty of, any expedient or any meanness for making money. [Colloq.]

Flint" glass` (?). (Chem.) A soft, heavy, brilliant glass, consisting
essentially of a silicate of lead and potassium. It is used for
tableware, and for optical instruments, as prisms, its density giving a
high degree of dispersive power; -- so called, because formerly the
silica was obtained from pulverized flints. Called also crystal glass.
Cf. Glass.

The concave or diverging half on an achromatic lens is usually made of
flint glass.

Flint"-heart`ed (?), a. Hard- hearted. Shak.

Flint"i*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being flinty; hardness;
cruelty. Beau. & Fl.

Flint"lock` (?), n. 1. A lock for a gun or pistol, having a flint fixed
in the hammer, which on striking the steel ignites the priming.

2. A hand firearm fitted with a flintlock; esp., the old-fashioned
musket of European and other armies.

Flint"ware` (?), n. A superior kind of earthenware into whose
composition flint enters largely. Knight.

Flint"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian name for the very hard wood of
the Eucalyptus piluralis.

Flint"y (?), a. [Compar. Flintier (?); superl. Flintiest.] Consisting
of, composed of, abounding in, or resembling, flint; as, a flinty rock;
flinty ground; a flinty heart.

Flinty rock, or Flinty state, a siliceous slate; -- basanite is here
included. See Basanite.

Flip (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. flip nimble, flippant, also, a slight blow.
Cf. Flippant.] A mixture of beer, spirit, etc., stirred and heated by a
hot iron.

Flip dog, an iron used, when heated, to warm flip.

Flip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flipping.] To
toss or fillip; as, to flip up a cent.

    As when your little ones Do 'twixt their fingers flip their cherry
    stones.


W. Browne.

Flipe (?), v. t. To turn inside out, or with the leg part back over the
foot, as a stocking in pulling off or for putting on. [Scot.]

Flip"-flap` (?), n. [See Flip, and Flap.] The repeated stroke of
something long and loose. Johnson.

Flip"-flap`, adv. With repeated strokes and noise, as of something long
and loose. Ash.

Flip"pan*cy (?), n.[See Flippant.] The state or quality of being
flippant.

    This flippancy of language.


Bp. Hurd.

Flip"pant (?), a. [Prov. E. flip to move nimbly; cf. W. llipa soft,
limber, pliant, or Icel. fleipa to babble, prattle. Cf. Flip, Fillip,
Flap, Flipper.] 1. Of smooth, fluent, and rapid speech; speaking with
ease and rapidity; having a voluble tongue; talkative.

    It becometh good men, in such cases, to be flippant and free in
    their speech.


Barrow.

2. Speaking fluently and confidently, without knowledge or
consideration; empty; trifling; inconsiderate; pert; petulant.
"Flippant epilogues." Thomson.

    To put flippant scorn to the blush.


I. Taylor.

    A sort of flippant, vain discourse.


Burke.

Flip"pant, n. A flippant person. [R.] Tennyson.

Flip"pant*ly, adv. In a flippant manner.

Flip"pant*ness, n. State or quality of being flippant.

Flip"per (?), n. [Cf. Flip, Flippant.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A broad flat limb
used for swimming, as those of seals, sea turtles, whales, etc.

2. (Naut.) The hand. [Slang]

Flirt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Flirting.] [Cf.
AS. fleard trifle, folly, fleardian to trifle.] 1. To throw with a jerk
or quick effort; to fling suddenly; as, they flirt water in each
other's faces; he flirted a glove, or a handkerchief.

2. To toss or throw about; to move playfully to and fro; as, to flirt a
fan.

3. To jeer at; to treat with contempt; to mock. [Obs.]

    I am ashamed; I am scorned; I am flirted.


Beau. & Fl.

Flirt, v. i. 1. To run and dart about; to act with giddiness, or from a
desire to attract notice; especially, to play the coquette; to play at
courtship; to coquet; as, they flirt with the young men.

2. To utter contemptuous language, with an air of disdain; to jeer or
gibe. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Flirt, n. 1. A sudden jerk; a quick throw or cast; a darting motion;
hence, a jeer.

    Several little flirts and vibrations.


Addison.

    With many a flirt and flutter.


E. A. Poe.

2. [Cf. LG. flirtje, G. flirtchen. See Flirt, v. t.] One who flirts;
esp., a woman who acts with giddiness, or plays at courtship; a
coquette; a pert girl.

    Several young flirts about town had a design to cast us out of the
    fashionable world.


Addison.

Flirt, a. Pert; wanton. [Obs.]

Flir*ta"tion (?), n. 1. Playing at courtship; coquetry.

    The flirtations and jealousies of our ball rooms.


Macaulay.

Flirt"-gill` (?), n. A woman of light behavior; a gill-flirt. [Obs.]
Shak.

    You heard him take me up like a flirt- gill.


Beau. & Fl.

Flirt"i*gig (?), n. A wanton, pert girl. [Obs.]

Flirt"ing*ly, adv. In a flirting manner.

Flisk (?), v. i. To frisk; to skip; to caper. [Obs. Scot.] "The
flisking flies." Gosson.

Flisk, n. A caper; a spring; a whim. [Scot.]

Flit (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flitting
(?).] [OE. flitten, flutten, to carry away; cf. Icel. flytja, Sw.
flytta, Dan. flytte. &radic;84. Cf. Fleet, v. i.] 1. To move with
celerity through the air; to fly away with a rapid motion; to dart
along; to fleet; as, a bird flits away; a cloud flits along.

    A shadow flits before me.


Tennyson.

2. To flutter; to rove on the wing. Dryden.

3. To pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one place to another; to
remove; to migrate.

    It became a received opinion, that the souls of men, departing this
    life, did flit out of one body into some other.


Hooker.

4. To remove from one place or habitation to another. [Scot. & Prov.
Eng.] Wright. Jamieson.

5. To be unstable; to be easily or often moved.

    And the free soul to flitting air resigned.


Dryden.

Flit, a. Nimble; quick; swift. [Obs.] See Fleet.

Flitch (?), n.; pl. Flitches (#). [OE. flicche, flikke, AS. flicce,
akin to Icel. flikki; cf. Icel. flk flap, tatter; perh. akin to E.
fleck. Cf. Flick, n.] 1. The side of a hog salted and cured; a side of
bacon. Swift.

2. One of several planks, smaller timbers, or iron plates, which are
secured together, side by side, to make a large girder or built beam.

3. The outside piece of a sawed log; a slab. [Eng.]

Flite (?), v. i. [AS. fltan to strive, contend, quarrel; akin to G.
fleiss industry.] To scold; to quarrel. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Flit"ter (?), v. i. To flutter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Flit"ter, v. t. To flutter; to move quickly; as, to flitter the cards.
[R.] Lowell.

Flit"ter, n. [Cf. G. flitter spangle, tinsel, flittern to make a
tremulous motion, to glitter. Cf. Flitter, v. i.] A rag; a tatter; a
small piece or fragment.

Flit"ter*mouse` (?), n. [Flitter, v.i. + mouse; cf. G. fledermaus, OHG.
fledarms. Cf. Flickermouse, Flindermouse.] (Zoˆl.) A bat; -- called
also flickermouse, flindermouse, and flintymouse.

Flit"tern (?), a. A term applied to the bark obtained from young oak
trees. McElrath.

Flit"ti*ness (?), n. [From Flitty.] Unsteadiness; levity; lightness.
[Obs.] Bp. Hopkins.

Flit"ting (?), n. 1. A flying with lightness and celerity; a
fluttering.

2. A removal from one habitation to another. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

    A neighbor had lent his cart for the flitting, and it was now
    standing loaded at the door, ready to move away.


Jeffrey.

Flit"ting*ly, adv. In a flitting manner.

Flit"ty (?), a. [From Flit.] Unstable; fluttering. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Flix (?), n. [Cf. Flax.] Down; fur. [Obs. or Eng.] J. Dyer.

Flix, n. The flux; dysentery. [Obs.] Udall.

Flix weed (Bot.), the Sisymbrium Sophia, a kind of hedge mustard,
formerly used as a remedy for dysentery.

Flo (fl), n.; pl. Flon (fln). [AS. fl, fln.] An arrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Float (flt), n.[OE. flote ship, boat, fleet, AS. flota ship, fr.
fleÛtan to float; akin to D. vloot fleet, G. floss raft, Icel. floti
float, raft, fleet, Sw. flotta. &radic; 84. See Fleet, v. i., and cf.
Flotilla, Flotsam, Plover.] 1. Anything which floats or rests on the
surface of a fluid, as to sustain weight, or to indicate the height of
the surface, or mark the place of, something. Specifically: (a) A mass
of timber or boards fastened together, and conveyed down a stream by
the current; a raft. (b) The hollow, metallic ball of a self-acting
faucet, which floats upon the water in a cistern or boiler. (c) The
cork or quill used in angling, to support the bait line, and indicate
the bite of a fish. (d) Anything used to buoy up whatever is liable to
sink; an inflated bag or pillow used by persons learning to swim; a
life preserver.

    This reform bill . . . had been used as a float by the conservative
    ministry.


J. P. Peters.

2. A float board. See Float board (below).

3. (Tempering) A contrivance for affording a copious stream of water to
the heated surface of an object of large bulk, as an anvil or die.
Knight.

4. The act of flowing; flux; flow. [Obs.] Bacon.

5. A quantity of earth, eighteen feet square and one foot deep. [Obs.]
Mortimer.

6. (Plastering) The trowel or tool with which the floated coat of
plastering is leveled and smoothed.

7. A polishing block used in marble working; a runner. Knight.

8. A single-cut file for smoothing; a tool used by shoemakers for
rasping off pegs inside a shoe.

9. A coal cart. [Eng.] Simmonds.

10. The sea; a wave. See Flote, n.

Float board, one of the boards fixed radially to the rim of an
undershot water wheel or of a steamer's paddle wheel; -- a vane. --
Float case (Naut.), a caisson used for lifting a ship. -- Float copper
or gold (Mining), fine particles of metallic copper or of gold
suspended in water, and thus liable to be lost. -- Float ore,
water-worn particles of ore; fragments of vein material found on the
surface, away from the vein outcrop. Raymond. -- Float stone (Arch.), a
siliceous stone used to rub stonework or brickwork to a smooth surface.
-- Float valve, a valve or cock acted upon by a float. See Float, 1
(b).

Float, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Floated; p. pr. & vb. n. Floating.] [OE.
flotien, flotten, AS. flotian to float, swim, fr. fleÛtan. See Float,
n.] 1. To rest on the surface of any fluid; to swim; to be buoyed up.

    The ark no more now floats, but seems on ground.


Milton.

    Three blustering nights, borne by the southern blast, I floated.


Dryden.

2. To move quietly or gently on the water, as a raft; to drift along;
to move or glide without effort or impulse on the surface of a fluid,
or through the air.

    They stretch their broad plumes and float upon the wind.


Pope.

    There seems a floating whisper on the hills.


Byron.

Float, v. t. 1. To cause to float; to cause to rest or move on the
surface of a fluid; as, the tide floated the ship into the harbor.

    Had floated that bell on the Inchcape rock.


Southey.

2. To flood; to overflow; to cover with water.

    Proud Pactolus floats the fruitful lands.


Dryden.

3. (Plastering) To pass over and level the surface of with a float
while the plastering is kept wet.

4. To support and sustain the credit of, as a commercial scheme or a
joint-stock company, so as to enable it to go into, or continue in,
operation.

Float"a*ble (?), a. That may be floated.

Float"age (?; 48), n. Same as Flotage.

Float*a"tion (?), n. See Flotation.

Float"er (?), n. 1. One who floats or swims.

2. A float for indicating the height of a liquid surface.

Float"ing, a. 1. Buoyed upon or in a fluid; a, the floating timbers of
a wreck; floating motes in the air.

2. Free or lose from the usual attachment; as, the floating ribs in man
and some other animals.

3. Not funded; not fixed, invested, or determined; as, floating
capital; a floating debt.

    Trade was at an end. Floating capital had been withdrawn in great
    masses from the island.


Macaulay.

Floating anchor (Naut.), a drag or sea anchor; drag sail. -- Floating
battery (Mil.), a battery erected on rafts or the hulls of ships,
chiefly for the defense of a coast or the bombardment of a place. --
Floating bridge. (a) A bridge consisting of rafts or timber, with a
floor of plank, supported wholly by the water; a bateau bridge. See
Bateau. (b) (Mil.) A kind of double bridge, the upper one projecting
beyond the lower one, and capable of being moved forward by pulleys; --
used for carrying troops over narrow moats in attacking the outworks of
a fort. (c) A kind of ferryboat which is guided and impelled by means
of chains which are anchored on each side of a stream, and pass over
wheels on the vessel, the wheels being driven by stream power. (d) The
landing platform of a ferry dock. -- Floating cartilage (Med.), a
cartilage which moves freely in the cavity of a joint, and often
interferes with the functions of the latter. -- Floating dam. (a) An
anchored dam. (b) A caisson used as a gate for a dry dock. -- Floating
derrick, a derrick on a float for river and harbor use, in raising
vessels, moving stone for harbor improvements, etc. -- Floating dock.
(Naut.) See under Dock. -- Floating harbor, a breakwater of cages or
booms, anchored and fastened together, and used as a protection to
ships riding at anchor to leeward. Knight. -- Floating heart (Bot.), a
small aquatic plant (Limnanthemum lacunosum) whose heart-shaped leaves
float on the water of American ponds. -- Floating island, a dish for
dessert, consisting of custard with floating masses of whipped cream or
white of eggs. -- Floating kidney. (Med.) See Wandering kidney, under
Wandering. -- Floating light, a light shown at the masthead of a vessel
moored over sunken rocks, shoals, etc., to warn mariners of danger; a
light-ship; also, a light erected on a buoy or floating stage. --
Floating liver. (Med.) See Wandering liver, under Wandering. --
Floating pier, a landing stage or pier which rises and falls with the
tide. -- Floating ribs (Anat.), the lower or posterior ribs which are
not connected with the others in front; in man they are the last two
pairs. -- Floating screed (Plastering), a strip of plastering first
laid on, to serve as a guide for the thickness of the coat. -- Floating
threads (Weaving), threads which span several other threads without
being interwoven with them, in a woven fabric.

<! p. 572 !>

Float"ing (?), n. 1. (Weaving) Floating threads. See Floating threads,
above.

2. The second coat of three-coat plastering. Knight.

Float"ing*ly, adv. In a floating manner.

Float"y (?), a. Swimming on the surface; buoyant; light. Sir W.
Raleigh.

Flo"bert (?), n. (Gun.) A small cartridge designed for target shooting;
-- sometimes called ball cap.

Flobert rifle, a rifle adapted to the use of floberts.

Floc`cil*la"tion (?), n. [L. floccus a flock of wool. Cf. Flock of
wool.] (Med.) A delirious picking of bedclothes by a sick person, as if
to pick off flocks of wool; carphology; -- an alarming symptom in acute
diseases. Dunglison.

Floc*cose" (?), a. [L. floccosus. Cf. 2d Flock, n.] 1. Spotted with
small tufts like wool. Wright.

2. (Bot.) Having tufts of soft hairs, which are often deciduous.

Floc"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the flocculus.

Floc"cu*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flocculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Flocculating.] (Geol.) To aggregate into small lumps.

Floc"cu*late (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Furnished with tufts of curly hairs, as
some insects.

Floc`cu*la"tion (?), n. (Geol.) The process by which small particles of
fine soils and sediments aggregate into larger lumps.

Floc"cu*lence (?), n. The state of being flocculent.

Floc"cu*lent (?), a. [See Flock of wool.] 1. Clothed with small flocks
or flakes; woolly. Gray.

2. (Zoˆl.) Applied to the down of newly hatched or unfledged birds.

||Floc"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Flocculi (#). [NL., dim. of L. floccus a
||lock or flock of wool.] (Anat.) A small lobe in the under surface of
||the cerebellum, near the middle peduncle; the subpeduncular lobe.

||Floc"cus (?), n.; pl. Flocci (#). [L., a flock of wool.] 1. (Zoˆl.)
||(a) The tuft of hair terminating the tail of mammals. (b) A tuft of
||feathers on the head of young birds.

2. (Bot.) A woolly filament sometimes occuring with the sporules of
certain fungi.

Flock (?), n. [AS. flocc flock, company; akin to Icel. flokkr crowd,
Sw. flock, Dan. flok; prob. orig. used of flows, and akin to E. fly.
See Fly.] 1. A company or collection of living creatures; -- especially
applied to sheep and birds, rarely to persons or (except in the plural)
to cattle and other large animals; as, a flock of ravenous fowl.
Milton.

    The heathen . . . came to Nicanor by flocks.


2 Macc. xiv. 14.

2. A Christian church or congregation; considered in their relation to
the pastor, or minister in charge.

    As half amazed, half frighted all his flock.


Tennyson.

Flock, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flocking.] To
gather in companies or crowds.

    Friends daily flock.


Dryden.

Flocking fowl (Zoˆl.), the greater scaup duck.

Flock, v. t. To flock to; to crowd. [Obs.]

    Good fellows, trooping, flocked me so.


Taylor (1609).

Flock, n. [OE. flokke; cf. D. vlok, G. flocke, OHG. floccho, Icel.
flki, perh. akin to E. flicker, flacker, or cf. L. floccus, F. floc.]
1. A lock of wool or hair.

    I prythee, Tom, beat Cut's saddle, put a few flocks in the point
    [pommel].


Shak.

2. Woolen or cotton refuse (sing. or pl.), old rags, etc., reduced to a
degree of fineness by machinery, and used for stuffing unpholstered
furniture.

3. Very fine, sifted, woolen refuse, especially that from shearing the
nap of cloths, used as a coating for wall paper to give it a velvety or
clothlike appearance; also, the dust of vegetable fiber used for a
similar purpose.

Flock bed, a bed filled with flocks or locks of coarse wool, or pieces
of cloth cut up fine. "Once a flock bed, but repaired with straw."
Pope. -- Flock paper, paper coated with flock fixed with glue or size.

Flock, v. t. To coat with flock, as wall paper; to roughen the surface
of (as glass) so as to give an appearance of being covered with fine
flock.

Flock"ling, n. A lamb. [Obs.] Brome (1659).

Flock"ly, adv. In flocks; in crowds. [Obs.]

Flock"mel (?), adv. [AS. flocm&?;lum. See Meal part.] In a flock; in a
body. [Obs.]

    That flockmel on a day they to him went.


Chaucer.

Flock"y, a. Abounding with flocks; floccose.

Floe (fl), n. [Cf. Dan. flag af iis, iisflage, Sw. flaga, flake,
isflaga, isflake. See Flag a flat stone.] A low, flat mass of floating
ice.

Floe rat (Zoˆl.), a seal (Phoca fútida).

Flog (flg), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flogged (flgd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flogging (-gng).] [Cf. Scot. fleg blow, stroke, kick, AS. flocan to
strike, or perh. fr. L. flagellare to whip. Cf. Flagellate.] To beat or
strike with a rod or whip; to whip; to lash; to chastise with repeated
blows.

Flog"ger (?), n. 1. One who flogs.

2. A kind of mallet for beating the bung stave of a cask to start the
bung. Knight.

Flog"ging (?), a. & n. from Flog, v. t.

Flogging chisel (Mach.), a large cold chisel, used in chipping
castings. -- Flogging hammer, a small sledge hammer used for striking a
flogging chisel.

Flon (?), n. pl. See Flo. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Flong (? or ?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Fling.

Flood (?), n. [OE. flod a flowing, stream, flood, AS. fld; akin to D.
vloed, OS. fld, OHG. fluot, G. flut, Icel. fl, Sw. & Dan. flod, Goth.
fldus; from the root of E. flow. &radic;80. See Flow, v. i.] 1. A great
flow of water; a body of moving water; the flowing stream, as of a
river; especially, a body of water, rising, swelling, and overflowing
land not usually thus covered; a deluge; a freshet; an inundation.

    A covenant never to destroy The earth again by flood.


Milton.

2. The flowing in of the tide; the semidiurnal swell or rise of water
in the ocean; -- opposed to ebb; as, young flood; high flood.

    There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood,
    leads on to fortune.


Shak.

3. A great flow or stream of any fluid substance; as, a flood of light;
a flood of lava; hence, a great quantity widely diffused; an
overflowing; a superabundance; as, a flood of bank notes; a flood of
paper currency.

4. Menstrual disharge; menses. Harvey.

Flood anchor (Naut.) , the anchor by which a ship is held while the
tide is rising. -- Flood fence, a fence so secured that it will not be
swept away by a flood. -- Flood gate, a gate for shutting out,
admitting, or releasing, a body of water; a tide gate. -- Flood mark,
the mark or line to which the tide, or a flood, rises; high-water mark.
-- Flood tide, the rising tide; -- opposed to ebb tide. -- The Flood,
the deluge in the days of Noah.

Flood, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Flooding.] 1. To
overflow; to inundate; to deluge; as, the swollen river flooded the
valley.

2. To cause or permit to be inundated; to fill or cover with water or
other fluid; as, to flood arable land for irrigation; to fill to excess
or to its full capacity; as, to flood a country with a depreciated
currency.

Flood"age (?; 48), n. Inundation. [R.] Carlyle.

Flood"er (?), n. One who floods anything.

Flood"ing, n. The filling or covering with water or other fluid;
overflow; inundation; the filling anything to excess.

2. (Med.) An abnormal or excessive discharge of blood from the uterus.
Dunglison.

Flook (?), n. A fluke of an anchor.

{ Flook"an (?), Flu"kan (?) }, n. (Mining) See Flucan.

Flook"y (?), a. Fluky.

Floor (?), n. [AS. fl&?;r; akin to D. vloer, G. flur field, floor,
entrance hall, Icel. fl&?;r floor of a cow stall, cf. Ir. & Gael. lar
floor, ground, earth, W. llawr, perh. akin to L. planus level. Cf.
Plain smooth.] 1. The bottom or lower part of any room; the part upon
which we stand and upon which the movables in the room are supported.

2. The structure formed of beams, girders, etc., with proper covering,
which divides a building horizontally into stories. Floor in sense 1
is, then, the upper surface of floor in sense 2.

3. The surface, or the platform, of a structure on which we walk or
travel; as, the floor of a bridge.

4. A story of a building. See Story.

5. (Legislative Assemblies) (a) The part of the house assigned to the
members. (b) The right to speak. [U.S.]

Instead of he has the floor, the English say, he is in possession of
the house.

6. (Naut.) That part of the bottom of a vessel on each side of the
keelson which is most nearly horizontal.

7. (Mining) (a) The rock underlying a stratified or nearly horizontal
deposit. (b) A horizontal, flat ore body. Raymond.

Floor cloth, a heavy fabric, painted, varnished, or saturated, with
waterproof material, for covering floors; oilcloth. -- Floor cramp, an
implement for tightening the seams of floor boards before nailing them
in position. -- Floor light, a frame with glass panes in a floor. --
Floor plan. (a) (Shipbuilding) A longitudinal section, showing a ship
as divided at the water line. (b) (Arch.) A horizontal section, showing
the thickness of the walls and partitions, arrangement of passages,
apartments, and openings at the level of any floor of a house.

Floor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Floored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flooring.] 1.
To cover with a floor; to furnish with a floor; as, to floor a house
with pine boards.

2. To strike down or lay level with the floor; to knock down; hence, to
silence by a conclusive answer or retort; as, to floor an opponent.

    Floored or crushed by him.


Coleridge.

3. To finish or make an end of; as, to floor a college examination.
[Colloq.]

    I've floored my little-go work.


T. Hughes.

Floor"age (?; 48), n. Floor space.

Floor"er (?), n. Anything that floors or upsets a person, as a blow
that knocks him down; a conclusive answer or retort; a task that
exceeds one's abilities. [Colloq.]

Floor"heads`, n. pl. (Naut.) The upper extermities of the floor of a
vessel.

Floor"ing, n. A platform; the bottom of a room; a floor; pavement. See
Floor, n. Addison.

2. Material for the construction of a floor or floors.

Floor"less, a. Having no floor.

Floor"walk`er (?), n. One who walks about in a large retail store as an
overseer and director. [U.S.]

Flop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flopping.]
[A variant of flap.] 1. To clap or strike, as a bird its wings, a fish
its tail, etc.; to flap.

2. To turn suddenly, as something broad and flat. [Colloq.] Fielding.

Flop (?), v. i. 1. To strike about with something broad and flat, as a
fish with its tail, or a bird with its wings; to rise and fall; as, the
brim of a hat flops.

2. To fall, sink, or throw one's self, heavily, clumsily, and
unexpectedly on the ground. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Flop, n. Act of flopping. [Colloq.] W. H. Russell.

Flop"py (?), n. Having a tendency to flop or flap; as, a floppy hat
brim. G. Eliot.

Flop"wing` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The lapwing.

Flo"ra (?), n. [L., the goddess of flowers, from flos, floris, flower.
See Flower.] 1. (Rom. Myth.) The goddess of flowers and spring.

2. (Bot.) The complete system of vegetable species growing without
cultivation in a given locality, region, or period; a list or
description of, or treatise on, such plants.

Flo"ral (?), a. [L. Floralis belonging to Flora: cf. F. floral. See
Flora.] 1. Pertaining to Flora, or to flowers; made of flowers; as,
floral games, wreaths.

2. (Bot.) Containing, or belonging to, a flower; as, a floral bud; a
floral leaf; floral characters. Martyn.

Floral envelope (Bot.), the calyx and corolla, one or the other of
which (mostly the corolla) may be wanting.

Flo"ral*ly, adv. In a floral manner.

Flo"ra*mour (?), n.[L. flos, floris, flower + amorlove.] The plant
love-lies- bleeding. [Obs.] Prior.

Flo"ran (?), n. (Mining) Tin ore scarcely perceptible in the stone; tin
ore stamped very fine. Pryce.

||Flo`rÈal" (?), n. [F. florÈal, fr. L. flos, floris, flower.] The
||eight month of the French republican calendar. It began April 20, and
||ended May 19. See VendÈmiare.

Flor"en (?), n. [LL. florenus. See Florin.] A cerain gold coin; a
Florence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Flor"ence (?), n. [From the city of Florence: cf. F. florence a kind of
cloth, OF. florin.] 1. An ancient gold coin of the time of Edward III.,
of six shillings sterling value. Camden.

2. A kind of cloth. Johnson.

Florence flask. See under Flask. -- Florence oil, olive oil prepared in
Florence.

Flor"en*tine (? or ?; 277), a. [L. Florentinus, fr. Florentia Florence:
cf. F. florentin.] Belonging or relating to Florence, in Italy.

Florentine mosaic, a mosaic of hard or semiprecious stones, often so
chosen and arranged that their natural colors represent leaves,
flowers, and the like, inlaid in a background, usually of black or
white marble.

Flor"en*tine, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Florence, a city in
Italy.

2. A kind of silk. Knight.

3. A kind of pudding or tart; a kind of meat pie. [Obs.]

    Stealing custards, tarts, and florentines.


Beau. & Fl.

Flo*res"cence (?), n. [See Florescent.] (Bot.) A bursting into flower;
a blossoming. Martyn.

Flo*res"cent (?), a. [L. florescens, p. pr. of florescere begin to
blossom, incho. fr. florere to blossom, fr. flos, floris, flower. See
Flower.] Expanding into flowers; blossoming.

Flo"ret (?), n. [OF. florete, F. fleurette, dim. of OF. lor, F. fleur.
See Flower, and cf. Floweret, 3d Ferret.] 1. (Bot.) A little flower;
one of the numerous little flowers which compose the head or anthodium
in such flowers as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion. Gray.

2. [F. fleuret.] A foil; a blunt sword used in fencing. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.

Flo"ri*age (?), n. [L. flos, floris, flower.] Bloom; blossom. [Obs.] J.
Scott.

Flo"ri*a`ted (?), a. (Arch.) Having floral ornaments; as, floriated
capitals of Gothic pillars.

Flo*ric"o*mous (?), a. [L. flos, floris, flower + coma hair.] Having
the head adorned with flowers. [R.]

Flo`ri*cul"tur*al (? or ?; 135), a. Pertaining to the cultivation of
flowering plants.

Flo"ri*cul`ture (? or ?; 135, 277), n. [L. flos, floris, flower +
cultura culture.] The cultivation of flowering plants.

Flo`ri*cul"tur*ist (?), n. One skilled in the cultivation of flowers; a
florist.

Flor"id (?), a. [L. floridus, fr. flos, floris, flower. See Flower.] 1.
Covered with flowers; abounding in flowers; flowery. [R.]

    Fruit from a pleasant and florid tree.


Jer. Taylor.

2. Bright in color; flushed with red; of a lively reddish color; as, a
florid countenance.

3. Embellished with flowers of rhetoric; enriched to excess with
figures; excessively ornate; as, a florid style; florid eloquence.

4. (Mus.) Flowery; ornamental; running in rapid melodic figures,
divisions, or passages, as in variations; full of fioriture or little
ornamentations.

Flor"i*da bean" (?). (Bot.) (a) The large, roundish, flattened seed of
Mucuna urens. See under Bean. (b) One of the very large seeds of the
Entada scandens.

||Flo*rid"e*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. flos, floris, a flower.] (Bot.)
||A subclass of algÊ including all the red or purplish seaweeds; the
||RhodospermeÊ of many authors; -- so called from the rosy or florid
||color of most of the species.

Flo*rid"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being florid; floridness. Floyer.

Flor"id*ly (?), adv. In a florid manner.

Flor"id*ness, n. The quality of being florid. Boyle.

Flo*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. florifer; flos, floris, flower + ferre to
bear; cf. F. florifËre.] Producing flowers. Blount.

<! p. 573 !>

Flo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. flos, floris, flower + facere to make.]
The act, process, or time of flowering; florescence.

Flo"ri*form (? or ?), a. [L. flos, floris, flower + -form: cf. F.
floriforme.] Having the form of a flower; flower- shaped.

Flo"ri*ken (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An Indian bustard (Otis aurita). The Bengal
floriken is Sypheotides Bengalensis. [Written also florikan, florikin,
florican.]

Flo"ri*lege (?), n. [L. florilegus flower-culling; flos, floris, flower
+ legere to gather: cf. F. florilËge.] The act of gathering flowers.

Flo"ri*mer (?), n. (Bot.) See Floramour. [Obs.]

Flor"in (?), n. [F. florin, It. florino, orig., a Florentine coin, with
a lily on it, fr. flore a flower, fr. L. flos. See Flower, and cf.
Floren.] A silver coin of Florence, first struck in the twelfth
century, and noted for its beauty. The name is given to different coins
in different countries. The florin of England, first minted in 1849, is
worth two shillings, or about 48 cents; the florin of the Netherlands,
about 40 cents; of Austria, about 36 cents.

Flo"rist (? or ?; 277), n. [Cf. F. fleuriste, floriste, fr. F. fleur
flower. See Flower.] 1. A cultivator of, or dealer in, flowers.

2. One who writes a flora, or an account of plants.

Flo*roon" (?), n. [F. fleuron. See Flower.] A border worked with
flowers. Wright.

Flor"u*lent (?), a. [L. florulentus, fr. flos, floris, flower.]
Flowery; blossoming. [Obs.] Blount.

Flos"cu*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Flosculous.

Flos`cu*la"ri*an (?), n. [From L. flosculus a floweret.] (Zoˆl.) One of
a group of stalked rotifers, having ciliated tentacles around the lobed
disk.

Flos*cule (?), n. [L. flosculus, dim. of flos flower: cf. F. floscule.]
(Bot.) A floret.

Flos"cu*lous (?), a. (Bot.) Consisting of many gamopetalous florets.

||Flos`-fer"ri (?), n.[L., flower of iron.] (Min.) A variety of
||aragonite, occuring in delicate white coralloidal forms; -- common in
||beds of iron ore.

Flosh (?), n. [Cf. G. flˆsse a trough in which tin ore is washed.]
(Metallurgy) A hopper-shaped box or &?;nortar in which ore is placed
for the action of the stamps. Knight.

Floss (?; 195), n. [It. floscio flabby, soft, fr. L. fluxus flowing,
loose, slack. See Flux, n.] 1. (Bot.) The slender styles of the
pistillate flowers of maize; also called silk.

2. Untwisted filaments of silk, used in embroidering.

Floss silk, silk that has been twisted, and which retains its loose and
downy character. It is much used in embroidery. Called also floxed
silk. -- Floss thread, a kind of soft flaxen yarn or thread, used for
embroidery; -- called also linen floss, and floss yarn. McElrath.

Floss, n. [Cf. G. floss a float.] 1. A small stream of water. [Eng.]

2. Fluid glass floating on iron in the puddling furnace, produced by
the vitrification of oxides and earths which are present.

Floss hole. (a) A hole at the back of a puddling furnace, at which the
slags pass out. (b) The tap hole of a melting furnace. Knight.

Flos`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. Florification.] A flowering;
florification. [R.] Craig.

Floss"y (?; 115), a. Pertaining to, made of, or resembling, floss;
hence, light; downy.

||Flo"ta (?), n. [Sp. See Flotilla.] A fleet; especially, a &?;eet of
||Spanish ships which formerly sailed every year from Cadiz to Vera
||Cruz, in Mexico, to transport to Spain the production of Spanish
||America.

Flo"tage (?), n. [OF. flotage, F. flottage, fr. flotter to float.] 1.
The state of floating.

2. That which floats on the sea or in rivers. [Written also floatage.]

Flo"tant (?), a. [OF. flotant, F. flottant, p. pr. of flotter to
float.] (Her.) Represented as flying or streaming in the air; as, a
banner flotant.

Flo*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. flottation a floating, flottaison water
line, fr. flotter to float. See Flotilla.] 1. The act, process, or
state of floating.

2. The science of floating bodies.

Center of flotation. (Shipbuilding) (a) The center of any given plane
of flotation. (b) More commonly, the middle of the length of the load
water line. Rankine. -- Plane, or Line, of flotation, the plane or line
in which the horizontal surface of a fluid cuts a body floating in it.
See Bearing, n., 9 (c). -- Surface of flotation (Shipbuilding), the
imaginary surface which all the planes of flotation touch when a vessel
rolls or pitches; the envelope of all such planes.

Flote (?), v. t. To fleet; to skim. [Obs.] Tusser.

Flote, n. [Cf. F. flot, L. fluctus; also cf. Float, n.] A wave. [Obs.]
"The Mediterranean flote." Shak.

Flot"er*y (?), a. Wavy; flowing. [Obs.]

    With flotery beard.


Chaucer.

Flo*til"la (?), n. [Sp. flotilla, dim. of flota fleet; akin to F.
flotte, It. flotta, and F. flot wave, fr. L. fluctus, but prob.
influenced by words akin to E. float. See Fluctuate, and cf. Float, n.]
A little fleet, or a fleet of small vessels.

{ Flot"sam (?), Flot"son (?) }, n. [F. flotter to float. See FFlotilla,
and cf. Jetsam.] (Law) Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on the
sea; -- in distinction from jetsam or jetson. Blackstone.

Flot"ten (?), p. p. of Flote, v. t. Skimmed. [Obs.]

Flounce (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flounced (flounst); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flouncing (?).] [Cf. OSw. flunsa to immerge.] To throw the limbs and
body one way and the other; to spring, turn, or twist with sudden
effort or violence; to struggle, as a horse in mire; to flounder; to
throw one's self with a jerk or spasm, often as in displeasure.

    To flutter and flounce will do nothing but batter and bruise us.


Barrow.

    With his broad fins and forky tail he laves The rising sirge, and
    flounces in the waves.


Addison.

Flounce (?), n. The act of floucing; a sudden, jerking motion of the
body.

Flounce, n. [Cf. G. flaus, flausch, a tuft of wool or hair; akin to
vliess, E. fleece; or perh. corrupted fr. rounce.] An ornamental
appendage to the skirt of a woman's dress, consisting of a strip
gathered and sewed on by its upper edge around the skirt, and left
hanging.

Flounce, v. t. To deck with a flounce or flounces; as, to flounce a
petticoat or a frock.

Floun"der (?), n. [Cf. Sw. flundra; akin to Dan. flynder, Icel.
fly&?;ra, G. flunder, and perh. to E. flounder, v.i.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A
flatfish of the family PleuronectidÊ, of many species.

The common English flounder is Pleuronectes flesus. There are several
common American species used as food; as the smooth flounder (P.
glabra); the rough or winter flounder (P. Americanus); the summer
flounder, or plaice (Paralichthys dentatus), Atlantic coast; and the
starry flounder (Pleuronectes stellatus).

2. (Bootmaking) A tool used in crimping boot fronts.

Floun"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Floundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Floundering.] [Cf. D. flodderen to flap, splash through mire, E.
flounce, v.i., and flounder the fish.] To fling the limbs and body, as
in making efforts to move; to struggle, as a horse in the mire, or as a
fish on land; to roll, toss, and tumble; to flounce.

    They have floundered on from blunder to blunder.


Sir W. Hamilton.

Floun"der, n. The act of floundering.

Flour (?), n. [F. fleur de farine the flower (i.e., the best) of meal,
cf. Sp. flor de la harina superfine flour, Icel. fl¸r flower, flour.
See Flower.] The finely ground meal of wheat, or of any other grain;
especially, the finer part of meal separated by bolting; hence, the
fine and soft powder of any substance; as, flour of emery; flour of
mustard.

Flour bolt, in milling, a gauze-covered, revolving, cylindrical frame
or reel, for sifting the flour from the refuse contained in the meal
yielded by the stones. -- Flour box a tin box for scattering flour; a
dredging box. -- Flour dredge or dredger, a flour box. -- Flour
dresser, a mashine for sorting and distributing flour according to
grades of fineness. -- Flour mill, a mill for grinding and sifting
flour.

Flour, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Floured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flouring.] 1.
To grind and bolt; to convert into flour; as, to flour wheat.

2. To sprinkle with flour.

Floured (?), p. a. Finely granulated; -- said of quicksilver which has
been granulated by agitation during the amalgamation process. Raymond.

Flour"ish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flourished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flourishing.] [OE. florisshen, flurisshen, OF. flurir, F. fleurir, fr.
L. florere to bloom, fr. flos, floris, flower. See Flower, and - ish.]
1. To grow luxuriantly; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy growing
plant; a thrive.

    A tree thrives and flourishes in a kindly . . . soil.


Bp. Horne.

2. To be prosperous; to increase in wealth, honor, comfort, happiness,
or whatever is desirable; to thrive; to be prominent and influental;
specifically, of authors, painters, etc., to be in a state of activity
or production.

    When all the workers of iniquity do flourish.


Ps. xcii 7

    Bad men as frequently prosper and flourish, and that by the means
    of their wickedness.


Nelson.

    We say Of those that held their heads above the crowd, They
    flourished then or then.


Tennyson.

3. To use florid language; to indulge in rhetorical figures and lofty
expressions; to be flowery.

    They dilate . . . and flourish long on little incidents.


J. Watts.

4. To make bold and sweeping, fanciful, or wanton movements, by way of
ornament, parade, bravado, etc.; to play with fantastic and irregular
motion.

    Impetuous spread The stream, and smoking flourished o'er his head.


Pope.

5. To make ornamental strokes with the pen; to write graceful,
decorative figures.

6. To execute an irregular or fanciful strain of music, by way of
ornament or prelude.

    Why do the emperor's trumpets flourish thus?


Shak.

7. To boast; to vaunt; to brag. Pope.

Flour"ish, v. t. 1. To adorn with flowers orbeautiful figures, either
natural or artificial; to ornament with anything showy; to embellish.
[Obs.] Fenton.

2. To embellish with the flowers of diction; to adorn with rhetorical
figures; to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to set off with a parade
of words. [Obs.]

    Sith that the justice of your title to him Doth flourish the
    deceit.


Shak.

3. To move in bold or irregular figures; to swing about in circles or
vibrations by way of show or triumph; to brandish.

    And flourishes his blade in spite of me.


Shak.

4. To develop; to make thrive; to expand. [Obs.]

    Bottoms of thread . . . which with a good needle, perhaps may be
    flourished into large works.


Bacon.

Flour"ish (?), n.; pl. Flourishes (&?;). 1. A flourishing condition;
prosperity; vigor. [Archaic]

    The Roman monarchy, in her highest flourish, never had the like.


Howell.

2. Decoration; ornament; beauty.

    The flourish of his sober youth Was the pride of naked truth.


Crashaw.

3. Something made or performed in a fanciful, wanton, or vaunting
manner, by way of ostentation, to excite admiration, etc.; ostentatious
embellishment; ambitious copiousness or amplification; parade of words
and figures; show; as, a flourish of rhetoric or of wit.

    He lards with flourishes his long harangue.


Dryden.

4. A fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a merely decorative figure.

    The neat characters and flourishes of a Bible curiously printed.


Boyle.

5. A fantastic or decorative musical passage; a strain of triumph or
bravado, not forming part of a regular musical composition; a cal; a
fanfare.

    A flourish, trumpets! strike alarum, drums!


Shak.

6. The waving of a weapon or other thing; a brandishing; as, the
flourish of a sword.

Flour"ish*er (?), n. One who flourishes.

Flour"ish*ing*ly, adv. In a flourishing manner; ostentatiously.

Flour"y (?), a. Of or resembling flour; mealy; covered with flour.
Dickens.

Flout (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Flouting.] [OD.
fluyten to play the flute, to jeer, D. fluiten, fr. fluit, fr. French.
See Flute.] To mock or insult; to treat with contempt.

    Phillida flouts me.


Walton.

    Three gaudy standards flout the pale blue sky.


Byron.

Flout, v. i. To practice mocking; to behave with contempt; to sneer; to
fleer; -- often with at.

    Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout.


Swift.

Flout, n. A mock; an insult.

    Who put your beauty to this flout and scorn.


Tennyson.

Flout"er (?), n. One who flouts; a mocker.

Flout"ing*ly, adv. With flouting; insultingly; as, to treat a lover
floutingly.

Flow (fl), obs. imp. sing. of Fly, v. i. Chaucer.

Flow (fl), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flowed (fld); p. pr. & vb. n. Flowing.]
[AS. flwan; akin to D. vloeijen, OHG. flawen to wash, Icel. fla to
deluge, Gr. plw`ein to float, sail, and prob. ultimately to E. float,
fleet. &radic;80. Cf. Flood.] 1. To move with a continual change of
place among the particles or parts, as a fluid; to change place or
circulate, as a liquid; as, rivers flow from springs and lakes; tears
flow from the eyes.

2. To become liquid; to melt.

    The mountains flowed down at thy presence.


Is. lxiv. 3.

3. To proceed; to issue forth; as, wealth flows from industry and
economy.

    Those thousand decencies that daily flow From all her words and
    actions.


Milton.

4. To glide along smoothly, without harshness or asperties; as, a
flowing period; flowing numbers; to sound smoothly to the ear; to be
uttered easily.

    Virgil is sweet and flowingin his hexameters.


Dryden.

5. To have or be in abundance; to abound; to full, so as to run or flow
over; to be copious.

    In that day . . . the hills shall flow with milk.


Joel iii. 18.

    The exhilaration of a night that needed not the influence of the
    flowing bowl.


Prof. Wilson.

6. To hang loose and waving; as, a flowing mantle; flowing locks.

    The imperial purple flowing in his train.


A. Hamilton.

7. To rise, as the tide; -- opposed to ebb; as, the tide flows twice in
twenty-four hours.

    The river hath thrice flowed, no ebb between.


Shak.

8. To discharge blood in excess from the uterus.

Flow, v. t. 1. To cover with water or other liquid; to overflow; to
inundate; to flood.

2. To cover with varnish.

Flow, n. 1. A stream of water or other fluid; a current; as, a flow of
water; a flow of blood.

2. A continuous movement of something abundant; as, a flow of words.

3. Any gentle, gradual movement or procedure of thought, diction,
music, or the like, resembling the quiet, steady movement of a river; a
stream.

    The feast of reason and the flow of soul.


Pope.

4. The tidal setting in of the water from the ocean to the shore. See
Ebb and flow, under Ebb.

5. A low-lying piece of watery land; -- called also flow moss and flow
bog. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Flow"age (?; 48), n. An overflowing with water; also, the water which
thus overflows.

Flow"en (?), obs. imp. pl. of Fly, v. i. Chaucer.

Flow"er (?), n. [OE. flour, OF. flour, flur, flor, F. fleur, fr. L.
flos, floris. Cf. Blossom, Effloresce, Floret, Florid, Florin, Flour,
Flourish.] 1. In the popular sense, the bloom or blossom of a plant;
the showy portion, usually of a different color, shape, and texture
from the foliage.

2. (Bot.) That part of a plant destined to produce seed, and hence
including one or both of the sexual organs; an organ or combination of
the organs of reproduction, whether inclosed by a circle of foliar
parts or not. A complete flower consists of two essential parts, the
stamens and the pistil, and two floral envelopes, the corolla and
callyx. In mosses the flowers consist of a few special leaves
surrounding or subtending organs called archegonia. See Blossom, and
Corolla.

<! p. 574 !>

If we examine a common flower, such for instance as a geranium, we
shall find that it consists of: First, an outer envelope or calyx,
sometimes tubular, sometimes consisting of separate leaves called
sepals; secondly, an inner envelope or corolla, which is generally more
or less colored, and which, like the calyx, is sometimes tubular,
sometimes composed of separate leaves called petals; thirdly, one or
more stamens, consisting of a stalk or filament and a head or anther,
in which the pollen is produced; and fourthly, a pistil, which is
situated in the center of the flower, and consists generally of three
principal parts; one or more compartments at the base, each containing
one or more seeds; the stalk or style; and the stigma, which in many
familiar instances forms a small head, at the top of the style or
ovary, and to which the pollen must find its way in order to fertilize
the flower. Sir J. Lubbock.

3. The fairest, freshest, and choicest part of anything; as, the flower
of an army, or of a family; the state or time of freshness and bloom;
as, the flower of life, that is, youth.

    The choice and flower of all things profitable the Psalms do more
    briefly contain.


Hooker.

    The flower of the chivalry of all Spain.


Southey.

    A simple maiden in her flower Is worth a hundred coats of arms.


Tennyson.

4. Grain pulverized; meal; flour. [Obs.]

    The flowers of grains, mixed with water, will make a sort of glue.


Arbuthnot.

5. pl. (Old Chem.) A substance in the form of a powder, especially when
condensed from sublimation; as, the flowers of sulphur.

6. A figure of speech; an ornament of style.

7. pl. (Print.) Ornamental type used chiefly for borders around pages,
cards, etc. W. Savage.

8. pl. Menstrual discharges. Lev. xv. 24.

Animal flower (Zoˆl.) See under Animal. -- Cut flowers, flowers cut
from the stalk, as for making a bouquet. -- Flower bed, a plat in a
garden for the cultivation of flowers. -- Flower beetle (Zoˆl.), any
beetle which feeds upon flowers, esp. any one of numerous small species
of the genus Meligethes, family NitidulidÊ, some of which are injurious
to crops. - - Flower bird (Zoˆl.), an Australian bird of the genus
Anthornis, allied to the honey eaters. -- Flower bud, an unopened
flower. -- Flower clock, an assemblage of flowers which open and close
at different hours of the day, thus indicating the time. -- Flower head
(Bot.), a compound flower in which all the florets are sessile on their
receptacle, as in the case of the daisy. -- Flower pecker (Zoˆl.), one
of a family (DicÊidÊ) of small Indian and Australian birds. They
resemble humming birds in habits. -- Flower piece. (a) A table ornament
made of cut flowers. (b) (Fine Arts) A picture of flowers. -- Flower
stalk (Bot.), the peduncle of a plant, or the stem that supports the
flower or fructification.

Flow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flowering.] [From the noun. Cf. Flourish.] 1. To blossom; to bloom; to
expand the petals, as a plant; to produce flowers; as, this plant
flowers in June.

2. To come into the finest or fairest condition.

    Their lusty and flowering age.


Robynson (More's Utopia).

    When flowered my youthful spring.


Spenser.

3. To froth; to ferment gently, as new beer.

    That beer did flower a little.


Bacon.

4. To come off as flowers by sublimation. [Obs.]

    Observations which have flowered off.


Milton.

Flow"er, v. t. To embellish with flowers; to adorn with imitated
flowers; as, flowered silk.

Flow"er*age (?; 48), n. State of flowers; flowers, collectively or in
general. Tennyson.

Flow"er-de-luce" (?), n. [Corrupted fr. fleur-de-lis.] (Bot.) A genus
of perennial herbs (Iris) with swordlike leaves and large three-petaled
flowers often of very gay colors, but probably white in the plant first
chosen for the royal French emblem.

There are nearly one hundred species, natives of the north temperate
zone. Some of the best known are Iris Germanica, I. Florentina, I.
Persica, I. sambucina, and the American I. versicolor, I. prismatica,
etc.

Flow"er*er (?), n. A plant which flowers or blossoms.

    Many hybrids are profuse and persistent flowerers.


Darwin.

Flow"er*et (?), n. A small flower; a floret. Shak.

Flow"er-fence` (?), n. (Bot.) A tropical leguminous bush (Poinciana, or
CÊsalpinia, pulcherrima) with prickly branches, and showy yellow or red
flowers; -- so named from its having been sometimes used for hedges in
the West Indies. Baird.

Flow"er*ful (?), a. Abounding with flowers. Craig.

Flow"er-gen`tle (?), n. (Bot.) A species of amaranth (Amarantus
melancholicus).

Flow"er*i*ness (?), n. The state of being flowery.

Flow"er*ing, a. (Bot.) Having conspicuous flowers; -- used as an
epithet with many names of plants; as, flowering ash; flowering
dogwood; flowering almond, etc.

Flowering fern, a genus of showy ferns (Osmunda), with conspicuous
bivalvular sporangia. They usually grow in wet places. -- Flowering
plants, plants which have stamens and pistils, and produce true seeds;
phenogamous plants; -- distinguished from flowerless plants. --
Flowering rush, a European rushlike plant (Butomus umbellatus), with an
umbel of rosy blossoms.

Flow"er*ing, n. 1. The act of blossoming, or the season when plants
blossom; florification.

2. The act of adorning with flowers.

Flow"er*less, a. Having no flowers.

Flowerless plants, plants which have no true flowers, and produce no
seeds; cryptogamous plants.

Flow"er*less*ness, n. State of being without flowers.

Flow"er*pot` (?), n. A vessel, commonly or earthenware, for earth in
which plants are grown.

Flow"er*y (?), a. 1. Full of flowers; abounding with blossoms.

2. Highly embellished with figurative language; florid; as, a flowery
style. Milton.

The flowery kingdom, China.

Flow"er*y-kir`tled (?), a. Dressed with garlands of flowers. [Poetic &
Rare] Milton.

Flow"ing, a. That flows or for flowing (in various sense of the verb);
gliding along smoothly; copious.

Flowing battery (Elec.), a battery which is kept constant by the
flowing of the exciting liquid through the cell or cells. Knight. --
Flowing furnace, a furnace from which molten metal, can be drawn, as
through a tap hole; a foundry cupola. -- Flowing sheet (Naut.), a sheet
when eased off, or loosened to the wind, as when the wind is abaft the
beam. Totten.

Flow"ing (?), a. & n. from Flow, v. i. & t.

Flow"ing*ly, adv. In a flowing manner.

Flow"ing*ness, n. Flowing tendency or quality; fluency. [R.] W.
Nichols.

Flowk (? or ?), n. (Zoˆl.) See 1st Fluke.

Flown (?), p. p. of Fly; -- often used with the auxiliary verb to be;
as, the birds are flown.

Flown, a. Flushed, inflated. [Supposed by some to be a mistake for
blown or swoln.] Pope.

    Then wander forth the sons Of Belial, flown with insolence and
    wine.


Milton.

Floxed" silk` (?). See Floss silk, under Floss.

Floyte (?), n. & v. A variant of Flute. [Obs.]

Flu"ate (?), n. [Cf. F. fluate. See Fluor.] (Chem.) A fluoride. [Obs.]

Flu"a*vil (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon extracted
from gutta-percha, as a yellow, resinous substance; -- called also
fluanil.

Flu"can (?), n. (Mining) Soft clayey matter in the vein, or surrounding
it. [Written also flookan, flukan, and fluccan.]

Fluc*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. fluctus wave + -ferous.] Tending to produce
waves. Blount.

Fluc*tis"o*nous (?), a. [L. fluctisonus; fluctus wave + sonus sound.]
Sounding like waves.

Fluc`tu*a*bil"i*ty (?; 135), n. The capacity or ability to fluctuate.
[R.] H. Walpole.

Fluc"tu*ant (?; 135), a. [L. fluctuans, p. pr. of fluctuare. See
Fluctuate.] 1. Moving like a wave; wavering; (Med.) showing undulation
or fluctuation; as, a fluctuant tumor.

2. Floating on the waves. [Obs.] Bacon.

Fluc"tu*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fluctuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fluctuating (?).] [L. fluctuatus, p. p. of fluctuare, to wave, fr.
fluctus wave, fr. fluere, fluctum, to flow. See Fluent, and cf.
Flotilla.] 1. To move as a wave; to roll hither and thither; to wave;
to float backward and forward, as on waves; as, a fluctuating field of
air. Blackmore.

2. To move now in one direction and now in another; to be wavering or
unsteady; to be irresolute or undetermined; to vacillate.

Syn. -- To waver; vacillate; hesitate; scruple. -- To Fluctuate,
Vacillate, Waver. -- Fluctuate is applied both to things and persons
and denotes that they move as they are acted upon. The stocks
fluctuate; a man fluctuates between conflicting influences. Vacillate
and waver are applied to persons to represent them as acting
themselves. A man vacillates when he goes backward and forward in his
opinions and purposes, without any fixity of mind or principles. A man
wavers when he shrinks back or hesitates at the approach of difficulty
or danger. One who is fluctuating in his feelings is usually
vacillating in resolve, and wavering in execution.

Fluc"tu*ate, v. t. To cause to move as a wave; to put in motion. [R.]

    And fluctuate all the still perfume.


Tennyson.

Fluc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. fluctuatio; cf. F. fluctuation.] 1. A motion
like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; as, the
fluctuations of the sea.

2. A wavering; unsteadiness; as, fluctuations of opinion; fluctuations
of prices.

3. (Med.) The motion or undulation of a fluid collected in a natural or
artifical cavity, which is felt when it is subjected to pressure or
percussion. Dunglison.

Flue (?), n. [Cf. OF. flue a flowing, fr. fluer to flow, fr. L. fluere
(cf. Fluent); a perh. a corruption of E. flute.] An inclosed passage
way for establishing and directing a current of air, gases, etc.; an
air passage; esp.: (a) A compartment or division of a chimney for
conveying flame and smoke to the outer air. (b) A passage way for
conducting a current of fresh, foul, or heated air from one place to
another. (c) (Steam Boiler) A pipe or passage for conveying flame and
hot gases through surrounding water in a boiler; -- distinguished from
a tube which holds water and is surrounded by fire. Small flues are
called fire tubes or simply tubes.

Flue boiler. See under Boiler. - - Flue bridge, the separating low wall
between the flues and the laboratory of a reverberatory furnace. --
Flue plate (Steam Boiler), a plate to which the ends of the flues are
fastened; -- called also flue sheet, tube sheet, and tube plate. --
Flue surface (Steam Boiler), the aggregate surface of flues exposed to
flame or the hot gases.

Flue (?), n. [Cf. F. flou light, tender, G. flau weak, W. llwch dust.
&radic;84.] Light down, such as rises from cotton, fur, etc.; very fine
lint or hair. Dickens.

Flu"ence (?), n. Fluency. [Obs.] Milton.

Flu"en*cy (?), n. [L. fluentia: cf. F. fluence. See Fluent.] The
quality of being fluent; smoothness; readiness of utterance;
volubility.

    The art of expressing with fluency and perspicuity.


Macaulay.

Flu"ent (?), a. [L. fluens, - entis, p. pr. of fluere to flow; cf. Gr.
&?; to boil over. Cf. Fluctuate, Flux.] 1. Flowing or capable of
flowing; liquid; glodding; easily moving.

2. Ready in the use of words; voluble; copious; having words at
command; and uttering them with facility and smoothness; as, a fluent
speaker; hence, flowing; voluble; smooth; -- said of language; as,
fluent speech.

    With most fluent utterance.


Denham.

    Fluent as the flight of a swallow is the sultan's letter.


De Quincey.

Flu"ent, n. 1. A current of water; a stream. [Obs.]

2. [Cf. F. fluente.] (Math.) A variable quantity, considered as
increasing or diminishing; -- called, in the modern calculus, the
function or integral.

Flu"ent*ly, adv. In a fluent manner.

Flu"ent*ness, n. The quality of being fluent.

Flue"work` (?), n. (Mus.) A general name for organ stops in which the
sound is caused by wind passing through a flue or fissure and striking
an edge above; -- in distinction from reedwork.

Flue"y (?), a. [2d Flue.] Downy; fluffy. [R.]

Fluff (?), n. [Cf. 2d Flue. &radic;84.] Nap or down; flue; soft, downy
feathers.

Fluff"y (?), a. [Compar. Fluffier (?); superl. Fluffiest.] Pertaining
to, or resembling, fluff or nap; soft and downy. "The carpets were
fluffy." Thackeray.

    The present Barnacle . . . had a youthful aspect, and the fluffiest
    little whisker, perhaps, that ever was seen.


Dickens.

-- Fluff"i*ness, n.

||Fl¸"gel (?), n. [G., a wing.] (Mus.) A grand piano or a harpsichord,
||both being wing- shaped.

Flu"gel*man (?), n. [G. fl¸gelman.] (Mil.) Same as Fugleman.

Flu"id (fld), a. [L. fluidus, fr. fluere to flow: cf. F. fluide. See
Fluent.] Having particles which easily move and change their relative
position without a separation of the mass, and which easily yield to
pressure; capable of flowing; liquid or gaseous.

Flu"id, n. A fluid substance; a body whose particles move easily among
themselves.

Fluid is a generic term, including liquids and gases as species. Water,
air, and steam are fluids. By analogy, the term is sometimes applied to
electricity and magnetism, as in phrases electric fluid, magnetic
fluid, though not strictly appropriate.

Fluid dram, or Fluid drachm, a measure of capacity equal to one eighth
of a fluid ounce. -- Fluid ounce. (a) In the United States, a measure
of capacity, in apothecaries' or wine measure, equal to one sixteenth
of a pint or 29.57 cubic centimeters. This, for water, is about 1.04158
ounces avoirdupois, or 455.6 grains. (b) In England, a measure of
capacity equal to the twentieth part of an imperial pint. For water,
this is the weight of the avoirdupois ounce, or 437.5 grains. -- Fluids
of the body. (Physiol.) The circulating blood and lymph, the chyle, the
gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal juices, the saliva, bile, urine,
aqueous humor, and muscle serum are the more important fluids of the
body. The tissues themselves contain a large amount of combined water,
so much, that an entire human body dried in vacuo with a very moderate
degree of heat gives about 66 per cent of water. -- Burning fluid,
Elastic fluid, Electric fluid, Magnetic fluid, etc. See under Burning,
Elastic, etc.

Flu"id*al (?), a. Pertaining to a fluid, or to its flowing motion.

Fluidal structure (Geol.), the structure characteristic of certain
volcanic rocks in which the arrangement of the minute crystals shows
the lines of flow of thew molten material before solidification; --
also called fluxion structure.

Flu*id"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fluiditÈ.] The quality of being fluid or
capable of flowing; a liquid, aÎriform, or gaseous state; -- opposed to
solidity.

    It was this want of organization, this looseness and fluidity of
    the new movement, that made it penetrate through every class of
    society.


J. R. Green.

Flu"id*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fluidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fluidizing.] To render fluid.

Flu"id*ness, n. The state of being fluid; fluidity.

Flu"id*ounce`, n. See Fluid ounce, under Fluid.

Flu"i*drachm` (?), n. See Fluid dram, under Fluid. Pharm. of the U. S.

Flu"kan (?), n. (Mining) Flucan.

Fluke (flk), n. [Cf. AS. flc a kind of flatfish, Icel. flki a kind of
halibut.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The European flounder. See Flounder. [Written also
fleuk, flook, and flowk]. [1913 Webster]

2. (Zoˆl.) A parasitic trematode worm of several species, having a
flat, lanceolate body and two suckers. Two species (Fasciola hepatica
and Distoma lanceolatum) are found in the livers of sheep, and produce
the disease called rot. [1913 Webster]

<! p. 575 !>

Fluke (flk), n. [Cf. LG. flunk, flunka wing, the palm of an anchor;
perh. akin to E. fly.] 1. The part of an anchor which fastens in the
ground; a flook. See Anchor.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the lobes of a whale's tail, so called from the
resemblance to the fluke of an anchor.

3. An instrument for cleaning out a hole drilled in stone for blasting.

4. An accidental and favorable stroke at billiards (called a scratch in
the United States); hence, any accidental or unexpected advantage; as,
he won by a fluke. [Cant, Eng.] A. Trollope.

Fluke"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as 1st Fluke, 2.

Fluk"y (?), a. Formed like, or having, a fluke.

Flume (?), n. [Cf. OE. flum river, OF, flum, fr. L. flumen, fr. fluere
to flow. &radic;84. See Fluent.] A stream; especially, a passage
channel, or conduit for the water that drives a mill wheel; or an
artifical channel of water for hydraulic or placer mining; also, a
chute for conveying logs or lumber down a declivity.

Flu"mi*nous (?), a. [L. flumen, fluminis, river.] Pertaining to rivers;
abounding in streama.

Flum"mer*y (?), n. [W. llumru, or llumruwd, a kind of food made of
oatmeal steeped in water until it has turned sour, fr. llumrig harsh,
raw, crude, fr. llum sharp, severe.] 1. A light kind of food, formerly
made of flour or meal; a sort of pap.

    Milk and flummery are very fit for children.


Locke.

2. Something insipid, or not worth having; empty compliment; trash;
unsubstantial talk of writing.

    The flummery of modern criticism.


J. Morley.

Flung (?), imp. & p. p. of Fling.

Flunk (flk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flunked (flkt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flunking.] [Cf. Funk.] To fail, as on a lesson; to back out, as from an
undertaking, through fear.

Flunk, v. t. To fail in; to shirk, as a task or duty. [Colloq. U.S.]

Flunk, n. A failure or backing out; specifically (College cant), a
total failure in a recitation. [U.S.]

Flun"ky (fl"k), n.; pl. Flunkies (- kz). [Prob. fr. or akin to flank.]
[Written also flunkey.] 1. A contemptuous name for a liveried servant
or a footman.

2. One who is obsequious or cringing; a snob.

3. One easily deceived in buying stocks; an inexperienced and unwary
jobber. [Cant, U.S.]

Flun"ky*dom (?), n. The place or region of flunkies. C. Kingsley.

Flun"ly*ism (?), n. The quality or characteristics of a flunky;
readiness to cringe to those who are superior in wealth or position;
toadyism. Thackeray.

Flu"o- (&?;). (Chem.) A combining form indicating fluorine as an
ingredient; as in fluosilicate, fluobenzene.

Flu`o*bo"rate (?), n. [Cf. F. fluoborate.] (Chem.) A salt of fluoboric
acid; a fluoboride.

Flu`o*bo"ric (?), a. [Fluo- boric: cf. F. fluoborique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or consisting of, fluorine and boron.

Fluoridic acid (Chem.), a double fluoride, consisting essentially of a
solution of boron fluoride, in hydrofluoric acid. It has strong acid
properties, and is the type of the borofluorides. Called also
borofluoric acid.

Flu`o*bo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) See Borofluoride.

{ Flu`o*ce"rine (?), Flu`o*ce"rite (?) }, n. [Fluo- + cerium.] (Min.) A
fluoride of cerium, occuring near Fahlun in Sweden. Tynosite, from
Colorado, is probably the same mineral.

Flu`o*hy"dric (?), a. [Fluo- + hydrogen.] (Chem.) See Hydrofluoric.

Flu`o*phos"phate (?), n. [Fluo- + phosphate.] (Chem.) A double salt of
fluoric and phosphoric acids.

||Flu"or (?), n. [L., a flowing, fr. fluere to flow. See Fluent.] 1. A
||fluid state. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

2. Menstrual flux; catamenia; menses. [Obs.]

3. (Min.) See Fluorite.

||Flu"or albus (?). [L., white flow.] (Med.) The whites; leucorrhÊa.

Flu`or*an"thene (?), n. [Fluorene + anthracene.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline hydrocarbon C15H10, of a complex structure, found as one
ingredient of the higher boiling portion of coal tar.

Flu"or*a`ted (?), a. (Chem.) Combined with fluorine; subjected to the
action of fluoride. [R.]

Flu`or*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, C13H10
having a beautiful violet fluorescence; whence its name. It occurs in
the higher boiling products of coal tar, and is obtained artificially.

Flu`o*res"ce*in (?), n. (Chem.) A yellowish red, crystalline substance,
C20H12O5, produced by heating together phthalic anhydride and resorcin;
-- so called, from the very brilliant yellowish green fluorescence of
its alkaline solutions. It has acid properties, and its salts of the
alkalies are known to the trade under the name of uranin.

Flu`o*res"cence (?), n. [From Fluor.] (Opt.) That property which some
transparent bodies have of producing at their surface, or within their
substance, light different in color from the mass of the material, as
when green crystals of fluor spar afford blue reflections. It is due
not to the difference in the color of a distinct surface layer, but to
the power which the substance has of modifying the light incident upon
it. The light emitted by fluorescent substances is in general of lower
refrangibility than the incident light. Stockes.

Flu`o*res"cent (?), a. Having the property of fluorescence.

Flu`o*res"cin (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless, amorphous substance which is
produced by the reduction of fluoresceÔn, and from which the latter may
be formed by oxidation.

Flu*or"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. fluorique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, obtained
from, or containing, fluorine.

Flu"or*ide (? or ?; 104), n. [Cf. F. fluoride.] (Chem.) A binary
compound of fluorine with another element or radical.

Calcium fluoride (Min.), fluorite, CaF2. See Fluorite.

Flu"or*ine (fl"r*n or -n; 104), n. [NL. fluorina: cf. G. fluorin, F.
fluorine. So called from its occurrence in the mineral fluorite.]
(Chem.) A non-metallic, gaseous element, strongly acid or negative, and
associated with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, in the halogen group of
which it is the first member. It always occurs combined, is very active
chemically, and possesses such an avidity for most elements, and
silicon especially, that it can neither be prepared nor kept in glass
vessels. If set free it immediately attacks the containing material, so
that it was not isolated until 1886. It is a pungent, corrosive,
colorless gas. Symbol F. Atomic weight 19.

Fluorine unites with hydrogen to form hydrofluoric acid, which is the
agent employed in etching glass. It occurs naturally, principally
combined as calcium fluoride in fluorite, and as a double fluoride of
aluminium and sodium in cryolite.

Flu"or*ite (?), n. (Min.) Calcium fluoride, a mineral of many different
colors, white, yellow, purple, green, red, etc., often very beautiful,
crystallizing commonly in cubes with perfect octahedral cleavage; also
massive. It is used as a flux. Some varieties are used for ornamental
vessels. Also called fluor spar, or simply fluor.

Flu"or*oid (?), n. [Fluor + - oid.] (Crystallog.) A tetrahexahedron; --
so called because it is a common form of fluorite.

Flu*or"o*scope (?), n. [Fluorescence + -scope.] (Phys.) An instrument
for observing or exhibiting fluorescence.

Flu"or*ous (?), a. Pertaining to fluor.

Flu"or spar` (?). (Min.) See Fluorite.

Flu`o*sil"i*cate (?), n. [Cf. F. fluosilicate.] (Chem.) A double
fluoride of silicon and some other (usually basic) element or radical,
regarded as a salt of fluosilicic acid; -- called also silicofluoride.

Flu`o*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Fluo- + silicic: cf. F. fluosilicique.]
(Chem.) Composed of, or derived from, silicon and fluorine.

Fluosilicic acid, a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon, H2F6Si,
obtained in solution in water as a sour fuming liquid, and regarded as
the type of the fluosilicates; -- called also silicofluoric acid, and
hydrofluosilicic acid.

Flur"ried (?), a. Agitated; excited. -- Flur"ried*ly adv.

Flur"ry (?), n.; pl. Flurries (#). [Prov. E. flur to ruffle.] 1. A
sudden and brief blast or gust; a light, temporary breeze; as, a flurry
of wind.

2. A light shower or snowfall accompanied with wind.

    Like a flurry of snow on the whistling wind.


Longfellow.

3. Violent agitation; commotion; bustle; hurry.

    The racket and flurry of London.


Blakw. Mag.

4. The violent spasms of a dying whale.

Flur"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flurried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flurrying.]
To put in a state of agitation; to excite or alarm. H. Swinburne.

Flurt (?), n. A flirt. [Obs.] Quarles.

Flush (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flushing.]
[Cf. OE. fluschen to fly up, penetrate, F. fluz a flowing, E. flux,
dial. Sw. flossa to blaze, and E. flash; perh. influenced by blush.
&radic;84.] 1. To flow and spread suddenly; to rush; as, blood flushes
into the face.

    The flushing noise of many waters.


Boyle.

    It flushes violently out of the cock.


Mortimer.

2. To become suddenly suffused, as the cheeks; to turn red; to blush.

3. To snow red; to shine suddenly; to glow.

    In her cheek, distemper flushing glowed.


Milton.

4. To start up suddenly; to take wing as a bird.

    Flushing from one spray unto another.


W. Browne.

Flush, v. t. 1. To cause to be full; to flood; to overflow; to
overwhelm with water; as, to flush the meadows; to flood for the
purpose of cleaning; as, to flush a sewer.

2. To cause the blood to rush into (the face); to put to the blush, or
to cause to glow with excitement.

    Nor flush with shame the passing virgin's cheek.


Gay.

    Sudden a thought came like a full-blown rose, Flushing his brow.


Keats.

3. To make suddenly or temporarily red or rosy, as if suffused with
blood.

    How faintly flushed. how phantom fair, Was Monte Rosa, hanging
    there!


Tennyson.

4. To excite; to animate; to stir.

    Such things as can only feed his pride and flush his ambition.


South.

5. To cause to start, as a hunter a bird. Nares.

To flush a joints (Masonry), to fill them in; to point the level; to
make them flush.

Flush, n. 1. A sudden flowing; a rush which fills or overflows, as of
water for cleansing purposes.

    In manner of a wave or flush.


Ray.

2. A suffusion of the face with blood, as from fear, shame, modesty, or
intensity of feeling of any kind; a blush; a glow.

    The flush of angered shame.


Tennyson.

3. Any tinge of red color like that produced on the cheeks by a sudden
rush of blood; as, the flush on the side of a peach; the flush on the
clouds at sunset.

4. A sudden flood or rush of feeling; a thrill of excitement.
animation, etc.; as, a flush of joy.

5. A flock of birds suddenly started up or flushed.

6. [From F. or Sp. flux. Cf. Flux.] A hand of cards of the same suit.

Flush, a. 1. Full of vigor; fresh; glowing; bright.

    With all his crimes broad blown, as flush as May.


Shak.

2. Affluent; abounding; well furnished or suppled; hence, liberal;
prodigal.

    Lord Strut was not very flush in ready.


Arbuthnot.

3. (Arch. & Mech.) Unbroken or even in surface; on a level with the
adjacent surface; forming a continuous surface; as, a flush panel; a
flush joint.

4. (Card Playing) Consisting of cards of one suit.

Flush bolt. (a) A screw bolt whose head is countersunk, so as to be
flush with a surface. (b) A sliding bolt let into the face or edge of a
door, so as to be flush therewith. -- Flush deck. (Naut.) See under
Deck, n., 1. -- Flush tank, a water tank which can be emptied rapidly
for flushing drainpipes, etc.

Flush (?), adv. So as to be level or even.

Flush"board` (?), n. Same as Flashboard.

Flush"er (?), n. 1. A workman employed in cleaning sewers by flushing
them with water.

2. (Zoˆl.) The red-backed shrike. See Flasher.

Flush"ing, n. 1. A heavy, coarse cloth manufactured from shoddy; --
commonly in the &?; [Eng.]

2. (Weaving) A surface formed of floating threads.

Flush"ing*ly, adv. In a flushing manner.

Flush"ness, n. The state of being flush; abundance.

Flus"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flustered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Flustering.] [Cf. Icel. flaustra to be flustered, flaustr a fluster.]
To make hot and rosy, as with drinking; to heat; hence, to throw into
agitation and confusion; to confuse; to muddle.

    His habit or flustering himself daily with claret.


Macaulay.

Flus"ter, v. i. To be in a heat or bustle; to be agitated and confused.

    The flstering, vainglorious Greeks.


South.

Flus"ter, n. Heat or glow, as from drinking; agitation mingled with
confusion; disorder.

Flus`ter*a"tion (?), n. The act of flustering, or the state of being
flustered; fluster. [Colloq.]

Flus"trate (?), v. t. [See Fluster, v. t.] To fluster. [Colloq.]
Spectator.

Flus*tra"tion (?), n. The act of flustrating; confusion; flurry.
[Colloq.] Richardson.

Flute (?), n. [OE. floute, floite, fr. OF. fla¸te, flahute, flahuste,
F. fl&?;te; cf. LL. flauta, D. fluit. See Flute, v. i.] 1. A musical
wind instrument, consisting of a hollow cylinder or pipe, with holes
along its length, stopped by the fingers or by keys which are opened by
the fingers. The modern flute is closed at the upper end, and blown
with the mouth at a lateral hole.

    The breathing flute's soft notes are heard around.


Pope.

2. (Arch.) A channel of curved section; -- usually applied to one of a
vertical series of such channels used to decorate columns and pilasters
in classical architecture. See Illust. under Base, n.

3. A similar channel or groove made in wood or other material, esp. in
plaited cloth, as in a lady's ruffle.

4. A long French breakfast roll. Simonds.

5. A stop in an organ, having a flutelike sound.

Flute bit, a boring tool for piercing ebony, rosewood, and other hard
woods. -- Flute pipe, an organ pipe having a sharp lip or wind-cutter
which imparts vibrations to the column of air in the pipe. Knight.
[1913 Webster]

Flute (flt), n. [Cf. F. fl˚te a transport, D. fluit.] A kind of
flyboat; a storeship.

Armed en fl˚te (&?;) (Nav.), partially armed.

Flute (?), v. i. [OE. flouten, floiten, OF. fla¸ter, fle¸ter, flouster,
F. fl˚ter, cf. D. fluiten; ascribed to an assumed LL. flautare,
flatuare, fr. L. flatus a blowing, fr. flare to blow. Cf. Flout,
Flageolet, Flatulent.] To play on, or as on, a flute; to make a
flutelike sound.

Flute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fluted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fluting (?).] 1.
To play, whistle, or sing with a clear, soft note, like that of a
flute.

    Knaves are men, That lute and flute fantastic tenderness.


Tennyson.

    The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee.


Emerson.

2. To form flutes or channels in, as in a column, a ruffle, etc.

||Fl˚te` ‡ bec" (?). [F.] (Mus.) A beak flute, an older form of the
||flute, played with a mouthpiece resembling a beak, and held like a
||flageolet.

Flut"ed (?), a. 1. Thin; fine; clear and mellow; flutelike; as, fluted
notes. Busby.

2. Decorated with flutes; channeled; grooved; as, a fluted column; a
fluted ruffle; a fluted spectrum.

Flute"mouth` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A fish of the genus Aulostoma, having a
much elongated tubular snout.

Flut"er (?), n. 1. One who plays on the flute; a flutist or flautist.

2. One who makes grooves or flutings.

Flut"ing, n. Decoration by means of flutes or channels; a flute, or
flutes collectively; as, the fluting of a column or pilaster; the
fluting of a lady's ruffle.

Fluting iron, a laundry iron for fluting ruffles; -- called also
Italian iron, or gaufering iron. Knight. -- Fluting lathe, a machine
for forming spiral flutes, as on balusters, table legs, etc.

Flut"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. fl˚tiste.] A performer on the flute; a
flautist. Busby.

<! p. 576 !>

2. To move with quick vibrations or undulations; as, a sail flutters in
the wind; a fluttering fan.

3. To move about briskly, irregularly, or with great bustle and show,
without much result.

    No rag, no scrap, of all the beau, or wit, That once so fluttered,
    and that once so writ.


Pope.

4. To be in agitation; to move irregularly; to flucttuate; to be
uncertainty.

    Long we fluttered on the wings of doubtful success.


Howell.

    His thoughts are very fluttering and wandering.


I. Watts.

Flut"ter (?), v. t. 1. To vibrate or move quickly; as, a bird flutters
its wings.

2. To drive in disorder; to throw into confusion.

    Like an eagle in a dovecote, I Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli.


Shak.

Flut"ter, n. 1. The act of fluttering; quick and irregular motion;
vibration; as, the flutter of a fan.

    The chirp and flutter of some single bird


Milnes. .

2. Hurry; tumult; agitation of the mind; confusion; disorder. Pope.

Flutter wheel, a water wheel placed below a fall or in a chute where
rapidly moving water strikes the tips of the floats; -- so called from
the spattering, and the fluttering noise it makes.

Flut"ter*er (?), n. One who, or that which, flutters.

Flut"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a fluttering manner.

Flut"y (?), a. Soft and clear in tone, like a flute.

Flu"vi*al (?), a. [L. fluvialis, from fluvius river, fr. fluere to
flow: cf.F. fluvial. See Fluent.] Belonging to rivers; growing or
living in streams or ponds; as, a fluvial plant.

Flu"vi*al*ist, n. One who exlpains geological phenomena by the action
of streams. [R.]

Flu`vi*at"ic (?), a. [L. fluviaticus. See Fluvial.] Belonging to rivers
or streams; fluviatile. Johnson.

Flu"vi*a*tile (?), a. [L. fluviatilis, fr. fluvius river: cf. F.
fluviatile.] Belonging to rivers or streams; existing in or about
rivers; produced by river action; fluvial; as, fluviatile starta,
plants. Lyell.

Flu`vi*o-ma*rine" (?), a. [L. fluvius river + E. marine.] (Geol.)
Formed by the joint action of a river and the sea, as deposits at the
mouths of rivers.

Flux (flks), n. [L. fluxus, fr. fluere, fluxum, to flow: cf.F. flux.
See Fluent, and cf. 1st & 2d Floss, Flush, n., 6.] 1. The act of
flowing; a continuous moving on or passing by, as of a flowing stream;
constant succession; change.

    By the perpetual flux of the liquids, a great part of them is
    thrown out of the body.


Arbuthnot.

    Her image has escaped the flux of things, And that same infant
    beauty that she wore Is fixed upon her now forevermore.


Trench.

    Languages, like our bodies, are in a continual flux.


Felton.

2. The setting in of the tide toward the shore, -- the ebb being called
the reflux.

3. The state of being liquid through heat; fusion.

4. (Chem. & Metal.) Any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion
of metals or minerals, as alkalies, borax, lime, fluorite.

White flux is the residuum of the combustion of a mixture of equal
parts of niter and tartar. It consists chiefly of the carbonate of
potassium, and is white. -- Black flux is the ressiduum of the
combustion of one part of niter and two of tartar, and consists
essentially of a mixture of potassium carbonate and charcoal.

5. (Med.) (a) A fluid discharge from the bowels or other part;
especially, an excessive and morbid discharge; as, the bloody flux or
dysentery. See Bloody flux. (b) The matter thus discharged.

6. (Physics) The quantity of a fluid that crosses a unit area of a
given surface in a unit of time.

Flux, a. [L. fluxus, p. p. of fluere. See Flux, n.] Flowing; unstable;
inconstant; variable.

    The flux nature of all things here.


Barrow.

Flux, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fluxed (flkst); p. pr. & vb. n. Fluxing.] 1.
To affect, or bring to a certain state, by flux.

    He might fashionably and genteelly . . . have been dueled or fluxed
    into another world.


South.

2. To cause to become fluid; to fuse. Kirwan.

3. (Med.) To cause a discharge from; to purge.

Flux*a"tion (?), n. The act of fluxing.

Flux`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. LL. fluxibilitas fluidity.] The quality of
being fluxible. Hammond.

Flux"i*ble (?), a. [Cf.LL. fluxibilis fluid, OF. fluxible.] Capable of
being melted or fused, as a mineral. Holland.

-- Flux"i*ble*ness, n.

Flux"ile (?), a. [L. fluxilis, a., fluid.] Fluxible. [R.]

Flux*il"i*ty (?), n. State of being fluxible.[Obs.]

Flux"ion (?), n. [Cf. F. fluxion.] The act of flowing. Cotgrave.

2. The matter that flows. Wiseman.

3. Fusion; the running of metals into a fluid state.

4. (Med.) An unnatural or excessive flow of blood or fluid toward any
organ; a determination.

5. A constantly varying indication.

    Less to be counted than the fluxions of sun dials.


De Quincey.

6. (Math.) (a) The infinitely small increase or decrease of a variable
or flowing quantity in a certain infinitely small and constant period
of time; the rate of variation of a fluent; an incerement; a
differential. (b) pl. A method of analysis developed by Newton, and
based on the conception of all magnitudes as generated by motion, and
involving in their changes the notion of velocity or rate of change.
Its results are the same as those of the differential and integral
calculus, from which it differs little except in notation and logical
method.

Flux"ion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fluxion or
fluxions; variable; inconstant.

    The merely human,the temporary and fluxional.


Coleridge.

Fluxional structure (Geol.), fluidal structure.

Flux"ion*a*ry (?), a. 1. Fluxional. Berkeley.

2. (Med.) Pertaining to, or caused by, an increased flow of blood to a
part; congestive; as, a fluxionary hemorrhage.

Flux"ion*ist, n. One skilled in fluxions. Berkeley.

Flux"ions (?), n. pl. (Math.) See Fluxion, 6(b).

Flux"ive (?), a. Flowing; also, wanting solidity. B. Jonson.

Flux"ure (?; 138), n. [L. fluxura a flowing.] 1. The quality of being
fluid. [Obs.] Fielding.

2. Fluid matter. [Obs.] Drayton.

Fly (fl), v. i. [imp. Flew (fl); p. p. Flown (fln); p. pr. & vb. n.
Flying.] [OE. fleen, fleen, fleyen, flegen, AS. fleÛgan; akin to D.
vliegen, OHG. fliogan, G. fliegen, Icel. fljga, Sw. flyga, Dan. flyve,
Goth. us-flaugjan to cause to fly away, blow about, and perh. to L.
pluma feather, E. plume. &radic;84. Cf. Fledge, Flight, Flock of
animals.] 1. To move in or pass through the air with wings, as a bird.

2. To move through the air or before the wind; esp., to pass or be
driven rapidly through the air by any impulse.

3. To float, wave, or rise in the air, as sparks or a flag.

    Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward.


Job v. 7.

4. To move or pass swiftly; to hasten away; to circulate rapidly; as, a
ship flies on the deep; a top flies around; rumor flies.

    Fly, envious Time, till thou run out thy race.


Milton.

    The dark waves murmured as the ships flew on.


Bryant.

5. To run from danger; to attempt to escape; to flee; as, an enemy or a
coward flies. See Note under Flee.

    Fly, ere evil intercept thy flight.


Milton.

    Whither shall I fly to escape their hands ?


Shak.

6. To move suddenly, or with violence; to do an act suddenly or
swiftly; -- usually with a qualifying word; as, a door flies open; a
bomb flies apart.

To fly about (Naut.), to change frequently in a short time; -- said of
the wind. -- To fly around, to move about in haste. [Colloq.] -- To fly
at, to spring toward; to rush on; to attack suddenly. -- To fly in the
face of, to insult; to assail; to set at defiance; to oppose with
violence; to act in direct opposition to; to resist. -- To fly off, to
separate, or become detached suddenly; to revolt. -- To fly on, to
attack. -- To fly open, to open suddenly, or with violence. -- To fly
out. (a) To rush out. (b) To burst into a passion; to break out into
license. -- To let fly. (a) To throw or drive with violence; to
discharge. "A man lets fly his arrow without taking any aim." Addison.
(b) (Naut.) To let go suddenly and entirely; as, to let fly the sheets.

Fly, v. t. 1. To cause to fly or to float in the air, as a bird, a
kite, a flag, etc.

    The brave black flag I fly.


W. S. Gilbert.

2. To fly or flee from; to shun; to avoid.

    Sleep flies the wretch.


Dryden.

    To fly the favors of so good a king.


Shak.

3. To hunt with a hawk. [Obs.] Bacon.

To fly a kite (Com.), to raise money on commercial notes. [Cant or
Slang]

Fly, n.; pl. Flies (flz). [OE. flie, flege, AS. flge, fleÛge, fr.
fleÛgan to fly; akin to D. vlieg, OHG. flioga, G. fliege, Icel. & Sw.
fluga, Dan. flue. &radic; 84. See Fly, v. i.] 1. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any winged
insect; esp., one with transparent wings; as, the Spanish fly; firefly;
gall fly; dragon fly. (b) Any dipterous insect; as, the house fly;
flesh fly; black fly. See Diptera, and Illust. in Append.

2. A hook dressed in imitation of a fly, -- used for fishing. "The
fur-wrought fly." Gay.

3. A familiar spirit; a witch's attendant. [Obs.]

    A trifling fly, none of your great familiars.


B. Jonson.

4. A parasite. [Obs.] Massinger.

5. A kind of light carriage for rapid transit, plying for hire and
usually drawn by one horse. [Eng.]

6. The length of an extended flag from its staff; sometimes, the length
from the "union" to the extreme end.

7. The part of a vane pointing the direction from which the wind blows.

8. (Naut.) That part of a compass on which the points are marked; the
compass card. Totten.

9. (Mech.) (a) Two or more vanes set on a revolving axis, to act as a
fanner, or to equalize or impede the motion of machinery by the
resistance of the air, as in the striking part of a clock. (b) A heavy
wheel, or cross arms with weights at the ends on a revolving axis, to
regulate or equalize the motion of machinery by means of its inertia,
where the power communicated, or the resistance to be overcome, is
variable, as in the steam engine or the coining press. See Fly wheel
(below).

10. (Knitting Machine) The piece hinged to the needle, which holds the
engaged loop in position while the needle is penetrating another loop;
a latch. Knight.

11. The pair of arms revolving around the bobbin, in a spinning wheel
or spinning frame, to twist the yarn.

12. (Weaving) A shuttle driven through the shed by a blow or jerk.
Knight.

13. (a) Formerly, the person who took the printed sheets from the
press. (b) A vibrating frame with fingers, attached to a power to a
power printing press for doing the same work.

14. The outer canvas of a tent with double top, usually drawn over the
ridgepole, but so extended as to touch the roof of the tent at no other
place.

15. One of the upper screens of a stage in a theater.

16. The fore flap of a bootee; also, a lap on trousers, overcoats,
etc., to conceal a row of buttons.

17. (Baseball) A batted ball that flies to a considerable distance,
usually high in the air, also called a fly ball; also, the flight of a
ball so struck; as, it was caught on the fly.

Black fly, Cheese fly, Dragon fly, etc. See under Black, Cheese, etc.
-- Fly agaric (Bot.), a mushroom (Agaricus muscarius), having a
narcotic juice which, in sufficient quantities, is poisonous. -- Fly
block (Naut.), a pulley whose position shifts to suit the working of
the tackle with which it is connected; -- used in the hoisting tackle
of yards. -- Fly board (Printing Press), the board on which printed
sheets are deposited by the fly. -- Fly book, a case in the form of a
book for anglers' flies. Kingsley. -- Fly cap, a cap with wings,
formerly worn by women. -- Fly drill, a drill having a reciprocating
motion controlled by a fly wheel, the driving power being applied by
the hand through a cord winding in reverse directions upon the spindle
as it rotates backward and forward. Knight. -- Fly fishing, the act or
art of angling with a bait of natural or artificial flies. Walton. --
Fly flap, an implement for killing flies. -- Fly governor, a governor
for regulating the speed of an engine, etc., by the resistance of vanes
revolving in the air. -- Fly honeysuckle (Bot.), a plant of the
honeysuckle genus (Lonicera), having a bushy stem and the flowers in
pairs, as L. ciliata and L. Xylosteum. -- Fly hook, a fishhook supplied
with an artificial fly. -- Fly leaf, an unprinted leaf at the beginning
or end of a book, circular, programme, etc. -- Fly maggot, a maggot
bred from the egg of a fly. Ray. -- Fly net, a screen to exclude
insects. -- Fly nut (Mach.), a nut with wings; a thumb nut; a finger
nut. -- Fly orchis (Bot.), a plant (Ophrys muscifera), whose flowers
resemble flies. - - Fly paper, poisoned or sticky paper for killing
flies that feed upon or are entangled by it. -- Fly powder, an
arsenical powder used to poison flies. -- Fly press, a screw press for
punching, embossing, etc., operated by hand and having a heavy fly. --
Fly rail, a bracket which turns out to support the hinged leaf of a
table. -- Fly rod, a light fishing rod used in angling with a fly. --
Fly sheet, a small loose advertising sheet; a handbill. -- Fly snapper
(Zoˆl.), an American bird (Phainopepla nitens), allied to the
chatterers and shrikes. The male is glossy blue-black; the female
brownish gray. -- Fly wheel (Mach.), a heavy wheel attached to
machinery to equalize the movement (opposing any sudden acceleration by
its inertia and any retardation by its momentum), and to accumulate or
give out energy for a variable or intermitting resistance. See Fly, n.,
9. -- On the fly (Baseball), still in the air; -- said of a batted ball
caught before touching the ground..

Fly (?), a. Knowing; wide awake; fully understanding another's meaning.
[Slang] Dickens.

flyaway adj. 1. frivolous; -- of people. serious Syn. -- flighty.
[WordNet 1.5]

2. Tending to move away from a center, rather than remain in a compact
group; -- used of hair or clothing or of small particles of matter.
Light objects or particles readily taking a static electric charge may
be moved apart by acquisition of a charge, or by approach of a charged
object. Such a property is called flyaway. Syn. -- fluttering. [WordNet
1.5]

Fly"bane` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of catchfly of the genus Silene; also,
a poisonous mushroom (Agaricus muscarius); fly agaric.

Fly"-bit`ten (?), a. Marked by, or as if by, the bite of flies. Shak.

Fly"blow` (?), v. t. To deposit eggs upon, as a flesh fly does on meat;
to cause to be maggoty; hence, to taint or contaminate, as if with
flyblows. Bp. Srillingfleet.

Fly"blow`, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the eggs or young larvÊ deposited by a
flesh fly, or blowfly.

Fly"blown` (?), a. Tainted or contaminated with flyblows; damaged;
foul.

    Wherever flyblown reputations were assembled.


Thackeray.

Fly"boat` (?), n. [Fly + boat: cf. D. vlieboot.] 1. (Naut.) A large
Dutch coasting vessel.

    Captain George Weymouth made a voyage of discovery to the northwest
    with two flyboats.


Purchas.

2. A kind of passenger boat formerly used on canals.

Fly"-case` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The covering of an insect, esp. the elytra
of beetles.

Fly"catch`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of numerous species of birds that feed
upon insects, which they take on the wing.

The true flycatchers of the Old World are Oscines, and belong to the
family MuscicapidÊ, as the spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa grisola). The
American flycatchers, or tyrant flycatchers, are Clamatores, and belong
to the family TyrannidÊ, as the kingbird, pewee, crested flycatcher
(Myiarchus crinitus), and the vermilion flycatcher or churinche
(Pyrocephalus rubineus). Certain American flycatching warblers of the
family SylvicolidÊ are also called flycatchers, as the Canadian
flycatcher (Sylvania Canadensis), and the hooded flycatcher (S.
mitrata). See Tyrant flycatcher.

Fly"-catch`ing, a. (Zoˆl.) Having the habit of catching insects on the
wing.

Fly"er (?), n. [See Flier.] 1. One that uses wings.

2. The fly of a flag: See Fly, n., 6.

3. Anything that is scattered abroad in great numbers as a theatrical
programme, an advertising leaf, etc.

4. (Arch.) One in a flight of steps which are parallel to each other(as
in ordinary stairs), as distinguished from a winder.

5. The pair of arms attached to the spindle of a spinning frame, over
which the thread passes to the bobbin; -- so called from their swift
revolution. See Fly, n., 11.

6. The fan wheel that rotates the cap of a windmill as the wind veers.
Internat. Cyc.

7. (Stock Jobbing) A small operation not involving ? considerable part
of one's capital, or not in the line of one's ordinary business; a
venture. [Cant] Bartlett.

Fly"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A California scorpÊnoid fish (Sebastichthys
rhodochloris), having brilliant colors.

Fly"-fish, v. i. To angle, using flies for bait. Walton.

Fly"ing (?), a. [From Fly, v. i.] Moving in the air with, or as with,
wings; moving lightly or rapidly; intended for rapid movement.

<! p. 577 !>

Flying army (Mil.) a body of cavalry and infantry, kept in motion, to
cover its own garrisons and to keep the enemy in continual alarm.
Farrow. --Flying artillery (Mil.), artillery trained to rapid
evolutions, -- the men being either mounted or trained to spring upon
the guns and caissons when they change position. -- Flying bridge,
Flying camp. See under Bridge, and Camp. -- Flying buttress (Arch.), a
contrivance for taking up the thrust of a roof or vault which can not
be supported by ordinary buttresses. It consists of a straight bar of
masonry, usually sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or
buttress sufficient to receive the thrust. The word is generally
applied only to the straight bar with supporting arch. -- Flying
colors, flags unfurled and waving in the air; hence: To come off with
flying colors, to be victorious; to succeed thoroughly in an
undertaking. -- Flying doe (Zoˆl.), a young female kangaroo. -- Flying
dragon. (a) (Zoˆl.) See Dragon, 6. (b) A meteor. See under Dragon. --
Flying Dutchman. (a) A fabled Dutch mariner condemned for his crimes to
sail the seas till the day of judgment. (b) A spectral ship. -- Flying
fish. (Zoˆl.) See Flying fish, in the Vocabulary. -- Flying fox
(Zoˆl.), the colugo. -- Flying frog (Zoˆl.), an East Indian tree frog
of the genus Rhacophorus, having very large and broadly webbed feet,
which serve as parachutes, and enable it to make very long leaps. --
Flying gurnard (Zoˆl.), a species of gurnard of the genus
Cephalacanthus or Dactylopterus, with very large pectoral fins, said to
be able to fly like the flying fish, but not for so great a distance.
Three species are known; that of the Atlantic is Cephalacanthus
volitans. -- Flying jib (Naut.), a sail extended outside of the
standing jib, on the flying-jib boom. -- Flying-jib boom (Naut.), an
extension of the jib boom. -- Flying kites (Naut.), light sails carried
only in fine weather. -- Flying lemur. (Zoˆl.) See Colugo. -- Flying
level (Civil Engin.), a reconnoissance level over the course of a
projected road, canal, etc. -- Flying lizard. (Zoˆl.) See Dragon, n. 6.
-- Flying machine, an apparatus for navigating the air; a form of
balloon. -- Flying mouse (Zoˆl.), the opossum mouse (Acrobates
pygmÊus), of Australia. It has lateral folds of skin, like the flying
squirrels. -- Flying party (Mil.), a body of soldiers detailed to hover
about an enemy. -- Flying phalanger (Zoˆl.), one of several species of
small marsuupials of the genera Petaurus and Belideus, of Australia and
New Guinea, having lateral folds like those of the flying squirrels.
The sugar squirrel (B. sciureus), and the ariel (B. ariel), are the
best known; -- called also squirrel petaurus and flying squirrel. See
Sugar squirrel. -- Flying pinion, the fly of a clock. -- Flying sap
(Mil.), the rapid construction of trenches (when the enemy's fire of
case shot precludes the method of simple trenching), by means of
gabions placed in juxtaposition and filled with earth. -- Flying shot,
a shot fired at a moving object, as a bird on the wing. -- Flying
spider. (Zoˆl.) See Ballooning spider. -- Flying squid (Zoˆl.), an
oceanic squid (Ommastrephes, or Sthenoteuthis, Bartramii), abundant in
the Gulf Stream, which is able to leap out of the water with such force
that it often falls on the deck of a vessel. -- Flying squirrel (Zoˆl.)
See Flying squirrel, in the Vocabulary. -- Flying start, a start in a
sailing race in which the signal is given while the vessels are under
way. -- Flying torch (Mil.), a torch attached to a long staff and used
for signaling at night.

Fly"ing fish` (?). (Zoˆl.) A fish which is able to leap from the water,
and fly a considerable distance by means of its large and long pectoral
fins. These fishes belong to several species of the genus Exocútus, and
are found in the warmer parts of all the oceans.

Fly"ing squir"rel (? or ?). (Zoˆl.) One of a group of squirrels, of the
genera Pteromus and Sciuropterus, having parachute-like folds of skin
extending from the fore to the hind legs, which enable them to make
very long leaps.

The species of Pteromys are large, with bushy tails, and inhabit
southern Asia and the East Indies; those of Sciuropterus are smaller,
with flat tails, and inhabit the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and
America. The American species (Sciuropterus volucella) is also called
Assapan. The Australian flying squirrels, or flying phalangers, are
marsupials. See Flying phalanger (above).

Fly"man (?), n.; pl. Flymen (-men). The driver of a fly, or light
public carriage.

Flysch (flsh), n. [A Swiss word, fr. G. fliessen to flow, melt.]
(Geol.) A name given to the series of sandstones and schists overlying
the true nummulitic formation in the Alps, and included in the Eocene
Tertiary.

Fly"speck (fl?'sp?k), n. A speck or stain made by the excrement of a
fly; hence, any insignificant dot.

Fly"speck (?), v. t. To soil with flyspecks.

Fly"trap (?), n. 1. A trap for catching flies. 2. (Bot.) A plant
(DionÊa muscipula), called also Venus's flytrap, the leaves of which
are fringed with stiff bristles, and fold together when certain hairs
on their upper surface are touched, thus seizing insects that light on
them. The insects so caught are afterwards digested by a secretion from
the upper surface of the leaves.

Fnese (?), v. i. [AS. fn&?;san, gefn&?;san.] To breathe heavily; to
snort. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fo (?), n. The Chinese name of Buddha.

Foal (fl), n. [OE. fole, AS. fola; akin to OHG. folo, G. fohlen, Goth.
fula, Icel. foli, Sw. fÂle, Gr. pw^los, L. pullus a young animal. Cf.
Filly, Poultry, Pullet.] (Zoˆ.) The young of any animal of the Horse
family (EquidÊ); a colt; a filly.

Foal teeth (Zoˆl.), the first set of teeth of a horse. -- In foal, With
foal, being with young; pregnant; -- said of a mare or she ass.

Foal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foaled (fld); p. pr. & vb. n. Foaling.] To
bring forth (a colt); -- said of a mare or a she ass.

Foal, v. i. To bring forth young, as an animal of the horse kind.

Foal"foot` (-ft`), n. (Bot.) See Coltsfoot.

Foam (fm), n. [OE. fam, fom, AS. fm; akin to OHG. & G. feim.] The white
substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on
the surface of liquids, or in the mouth of an animal, by violent
agitation or fermentation; froth; spume; scum; as, the foam of the sea.

Foam cock, in steam boilers, a cock at the water level, to blow off
impurities.

Foam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Foamed (fmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Foaming.] [AS.
f?man. See Foam, n.] 1. To gather foam; to froth; as, the billows foam.

    He foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth.


Mark ix. 18.

2. To form foam, or become filled with foam; -- said of a steam boiler
when the water is unduly agitated and frothy, as because of chemical
action.

Foam, v. t. To cause to foam; as, to foam the goblet; also (with out),
to throw out with rage or violence, as foam. "Foaming out their own
shame." Jude 13.

Foam"ing*ly (?), adv. With foam; frothily.

Foam"less, a. Having no foam.

Foam"y (-), a. Covered with foam; frothy; spumy.

    Behold how high the foamy billows ride!


Dryden.

Fob (fb), n. [Cf. Prov. G. fuppe pocket.] A little pocket for a watch.

Fob chain, a short watch chain worn with a watch carried in the fob.

Fob (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fobbed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Fobbing.]
[Cf.Fop.]

1. To beat; to maul. [Obs.]

2. To cheat; to trick; to impose on. Shak.

To fob off, to shift off by an artifice; to put aside; to delude with a
trick."A conspiracy of bishops could prostrate and fob off the right of
the people." Milton.

Fo"cal (?), a. [Cf. F. focal. See Focus.] Belonging to,or concerning, a
focus; as, a focal point.

Focal distance, or length, of a lens or mirror (Opt.), the distance of
the focus from the surface of the lens or mirror, or more exactly, in
the case of a lens, from its optical center. --Focal distance of a
telescope, the distance of the image of an object from the object
glass.

Fo`cal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of focalizing or bringing to a focus,
or the state of being focalized.

Fo"cal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Focalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Focalizing (?).] To bring to a focus; to focus; to concentrate.

    Light is focalized in the eye, sound in the ear.


De Quincey.

Foc"il*late (?), v. t. [L. focilatus, p. p. of focillare.] To nourish.
[Obs.] Blount.

Foc`il*la"tion (?), n. Comfort; support. [Obs.]

Fo*cim"e*ter (?), n. [Focus + -meter.] (Photog.) An assisting
instrument for focusing an object in or before a camera. Knight.

Fo"cus (?), n.; pl. E. Focuses (#), L. Foci (#). [L. focus hearth,
fireplace; perh. akin to E. bake. Cf. Curfew, Fuel, Fusil the firearm.]
1. (Opt.) A point in which the rays of light meet, after being
reflected or refracted, and at which the image is formed; as, the focus
of a lens or mirror.

2. (Geom.) A point so related to a conic section and certain straight
line called the directrix that the ratio of the distance between any
point of the curve and the focus to the distance of the same point from
the directrix is constant.

Thus, in the ellipse FGHKLM, A is the focus and CD the directrix, when
the ratios FA:FE, GA:GD, MA:MC, etc., are all equal. So in the
hyperbola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the ratio HA:HK is
constant for all points of the curve; and in the parabola, A is the
focus and CD the directrix when the ratio BA:BC is constant. In the
ellipse this ratio is less than unity, in the parabola equal to unity,
and in the hyperbola greater than unity. The ellipse and hyperbola have
each two foci, and two corresponding directrixes, and the parabola has
one focus and one directrix. In the ellipse the sum of the two lines
from any point of the curve to the two foci is constant; that is:
AG+GB=AH+HB; and in the hyperbola the difference of the corresponding
lines is constant. The diameter which passes through the foci of the
ellipse is the major axis. The diameter which being produced passes
through the foci of the hyperbola is the transverse axis. The middle
point of the major or the transverse axis is the center of the curve.
Certain other curves, as the lemniscate and the Cartesian ovals, have
points called foci, possessing properties similar to those of the foci
of conic sections. In an ellipse, rays of light coming from one focus,
and reflected from the curve, proceed in lines directed toward the
other; in an hyperbola, in lines directed from the other; in a
parabola, rays from the focus, after reflection at the curve, proceed
in lines parallel to the axis. Thus rays from A in the ellipse are
reflected to B; rays from A in the hyperbola are reflected toward L and
M away from B.

3. A central point; a point of concentration.

Aplanatic focus. (Opt.) See under Aplanatic. -- Conjugate focus (Opt.),
the focus for rays which have a sensible divergence, as from a near
object; -- so called because the positions of the object and its image
are interchangeable. -- Focus tube (Phys.), a vacuum tube for Rúntgen
rays in which the cathode rays are focused upon the anticathode, for
intensifying the effect. -- Principal, or Solar, focus (Opt.), the
focus for parallel rays.

Fo"cus (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Focused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Focusing.]
To bring to a focus; to focalize; as, to focus a camera. R. Hunt.

Fod"der (fd"dr), n. [See 1st Fother.] A weight by which lead and some
other metals were formerly sold, in England, varying from 19Ω to 24
cwt.; a fother. [Obs.]

Fod"der, n. [AS. fdder, fddor, fodder (also sheath case), fr. fda food;
akin to D. voeder, OHG. fuotar, G. futter, Icel. fr, Sw. & Dan. foder.
&radic;75. See Food and cf. Forage, Fur.] That which is fed out to
cattle horses, and sheep, as hay, cornstalks, vegetables, etc.

Fod"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foddered (-drd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foddering.] To feed, as cattle, with dry food or cut grass, etc.; to
furnish with hay, straw, oats, etc.

Fod"der*er (?), n. One who fodders cattle.

Fo"di*ent (?), a. [L. fodiens, p. pr. of fodere to dig.] Fitted for, or
pertaining to, digging.

Fo"di*ent (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Fodientia.

Fo`di*en"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. fodiens p. pr., digging.]
(Zoˆl.) A group of African edentates including the aard-vark.

Foe (f), n. [OE. fo, fa, AS. fh hostile; prob. akin to E. fiend.
&radic;81. See Fiend, and cf. Feud a quarrel.]

1. One who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge, or malice,
against another; an enemy.

    A man's foes shall be they of his own household.


Matt. x. 36

2. An enemy in war; a hostile army.

3. One who opposes on principle; an opponent; an adversary; an
ill-wisher; as, a foe to religion.

    A foe to received doctrines.


I. Watts

Foe (?), v. t. To treat as an enemy. [Obs.] Spenser.

Foe"hood (?), n. Enmity. Bp. Bedell.

Foe"man (f"man), n.; pl. Foemen (-men). [AS. fhman.] An enemy in war.

    And the stern joy which warriors feel In foemen worthy of their
    steel.


Sir W. Scott

Fú"tal (?), a. Same as Fetal.

Fú*ta"tion (?), n. Same as Fetation.

Fú"ti*cide (?), n. Same as Feticide.

Fú"tor (?), n. Same as Fetor.

Fú"tus (?), n. Same as Fetus.

Fog (fg), n. [Cf. Scot. fog, fouge, moss, foggage rank grass, LL.
fogagium, W. ffwg dry grass.] (Agric.) (a) A second growth of grass;
aftergrass. (b) Dead or decaying grass remaining on land through the
winter; -- called also foggage. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. Sometimes
called, in New England, old tore. In Scotland, fog is a general name
for moss.

Fog v. t. (Agric.) To pasture cattle on the fog, or aftergrass, of; to
eat off the fog from.

Fog v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To practice in a small or mean way; to
pettifog. [Obs.]

    Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee?


Dryden.

Fog n. [Dan. sneefog snow falling thick, drift of snow, driving snow,
cf. Icel. fok spray, snowdrift, fjk snowstorm, fjka to drift.] 1.
Watery vapor condensed in the lower part of the atmosphere and
disturbing its transparency. It differs from cloud only in being near
the ground, and from mist in not approaching so nearly to fine rain.
See Cloud.

2. A state of mental confusion.

Fog alarm, Fog bell, Fog horn, etc., a bell, horn, whistle or other
contrivance that sounds an alarm, often automatically, near places of
danger where visible signals would be hidden in thick weather. - - Fog
bank, a mass of fog resting upon the sea, and resembling distant land.
-- Fog ring, a bank of fog arranged in a circular form, -- often seen
on the coast of Newfoundland.

Fog (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fogged (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Fogging (#).]
To envelop, as with fog; to befog; to overcast; to darken; to obscure.

Fog (?), v. i. (Photog.) To show indistinctly or become indistinct, as
the picture on a negative sometimes does in the process of development.

Foge (?), n. The Cornish name for a forge used for smelting tin.
Raymond

Fo'gey (?), n. See Fogy.

Fog'gage (?; 48), n. (Agric.) See 1st Fog.

Fog'ger (?), n. One who fogs; a pettifogger. [Obs.]

    A beggarly fogger.


Terence in English(1614)

Fog"gi*ly (?), adv. In a foggy manner; obscurely. Johnson.

Fog"gi*ness (?), n. The state of being foggy. Johnson.

Fog"gy (?), a. [Compar. Foggier (?); superl. Foggiest.] [From 4th Fog.]
1. Filled or abounding with fog, or watery exhalations; misty; as, a
foggy atmosphere; a foggy morning. Shak.

<! p. 578 !>

2. Beclouded; dull; obscure; as, foggy ideas.

    Your coarse, foggy, drowsy conceit.


Hayward.

Fo"gie (?), n. See Fogy.

Fog"less (?), a. Without fog; clear. Kane.

Fo"gy (?), n.; pl. Fogies (&?;). A dull old fellow; a person behind the
times, over-conservative, or slow; -- usually preceded by old. [Written
also fogie and fogey.] [Colloq.]

    Notorious old bore; regular old fogy.


Thackeray.

The word is said to be connected with the German vogt, a guard or
protector. By others it is regarded as a diminutive of folk (cf. D.
volkje). It is defined by Jamieson, in his Scottish Dictionary, as "an
invalid or garrison soldier," and is applied to the old soldiers of the
Royal Hospital at Dublin, which is called the Fogies' Hospital. In the
fixed habits of such persons we see the origin of the present use of
the term. Sir F. Head.

Fo"gy*ism (?), n. The principles and conduct of a fogy. [Colloq.]

Foh (?), interj. [Cf. Faugh.] An exclamation of abhorrence or contempt;
poh; fie. Shak.

Fo"hist (?), n. A Buddhist priest. See Fo.

Foi"ble (?), a. [OF. foible. See Feeble.] Weak; feeble. [Obs.] Lord
Herbert.

Foi"ble (?), n. 1. A moral weakness; a failing; a weak point; a
frailty.

    A disposition radically noble and generous, clouded and
    overshadowed by superficial foibles.


De Quincey.

2. The half of a sword blade or foil blade nearest the point; --
opposed to forte. [Written also faible.]

Syn. -- Fault; imperfection; failing; weakness; infirmity; frailty;
defect. See Fault.

Foil (foil), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foiled (foild); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foiling.] [F. fouler to tread or trample under one's feet, to press,
oppress. See Full, v. t.] 1. To tread under foot; to trample.

    King Richard . . . caused the ensigns of Leopold to be pulled down
    and foiled under foot.


Knoless.

    Whom he did all to pieces breake and foyle, In filthy durt, and
    left so in the loathely soyle.


Spenser.

2. To render (an effort or attempt) vain or nugatory; to baffle; to
outwit; to balk; to frustrate; to defeat.

    And by &?; mortal man at length am foiled.


Dryden.

    Her long locks that foil the painter's power.


Byron.

3. To blunt; to dull; to spoil; as, to foil the scent in chase.
Addison.

Foil, v. t. [See 6th File.] To defile; to soil. [Obs.]

Foil, n. 1. Failure of success when on the point of attainment; defeat;
frustration; miscarriage. Milton.

    Nor e'er was fate so near a foil.


Dryden.

2. A blunt weapon used in fencing, resembling a smallsword in the main,
but usually lighter and having a button at the point.

    Blunt as the fencer's foils, which hit, but hurt not.


Shak.

    Isocrates contended with a foil against Demosthenes with a word.


Mitford.

3. The track or trail of an animal.

To run a foil,to lead astray; to puzzle; -- alluding to the habits of
some animals of running back over the same track to mislead their
pursuers. Brewer.

Foil, n. [OE. foil leaf, OF. foil, fuil, fueil, foille, fueille, F.
feuille, fr. L. folium, pl. folia; akin to Gr. &?; , and perh. to E.
blade. Cf. Foliage, Folio.] 1. A leaf or very thin sheet of metal; as,
brass foil; tin foil; gold foil.

2. (Jewelry) A thin leaf of sheet copper silvered and burnished, and
afterwards coated with transparent colors mixed with isinglass; --
employed by jewelers to give color or brilliancy to pastes and inferior
stones. Ure.

3. Anything that serves by contrast of color or quality to adorn or set
off another thing to advantage.

    As she a black silk cap on him began To set, for foil of his
    milk-white to serve.


Sir P. Sidney.

    Hector has a foil to set him off.


Broome.

4. A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the back of a
looking-glass, to cause reflection.

5. (Arch.) The space between the cusps in Gothic architecture; a
rounded or leaflike ornament, in windows, niches, etc. A group of foils
is called trefoil, quatrefoil, quinquefoil, etc., according to the
number of arcs of which it is composed.

Foil stone, an imitation of a jewel or precious stone.

Foil"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being foiled.

Foil"er (?), n. One who foils or frustrates. Johnson.

Foil"ing, n. (Arch.) A foil. Simmonds.

Foil"ing, n. [Cf. F. foulÈes. See 1st Foil.] (Hunting) The track of
game (as deer) in the grass.

Foin (foin), n. [F. fouine a marten.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The beech marten
(Mustela foina). See Marten.

2. A kind of fur, black at the top on a whitish ground, taken from the
ferret or weasel of the same name.[Obs.]

    He came to the stake in a fair black gown furred and faced with
    foins.


Fuller.

Foin, v. i. [OE. foinen, foignen; of uncertain origin; cf. dial. F.
fouiner to push for eels with a spear, fr. F. fouine an eelspear, perh.
fr. L. fodere to dig, thrust.] To thrust with a sword or spear; to
lunge. [Obs.]

    He stroke, he soused, he foynd, he hewed, he lashed.


Spenser.

    They lash, they foin, they pass, they strive to bore Their
    corselets, and the thinnest parts explore.


Dryden.

Foin, v. t. To prick; to st?ng. [Obs.] Huloet.

Foin, n. A pass in fencing; a lunge. [Obs.] Shak.

Foin"er*y (?), n. Thrusting with the foil; fencing with the point, as
distinguished from broadsword play. [Obs.] Marston.

Foin"ing*ly (?), adv. With a push or thrust. [Obs.]

Foi"son (?), n. [F. foison, fr. L. fusio a pouring, effusion. See
Fusion.] Rich harvest; plenty; abundance. [Archaic] Lowell.

    That from the seedness the bare fallow brings To teeming foison.


Shak.

Foist (foist), n. [OF. fuste stick, boat, fr. L. fustis cudgel. Cf. 1st
Fust.] A light and fast-sailing ship. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Foist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Foisting.] [Cf. OD.
vysten to fizzle, D. veesten, E. fizz, fitchet, bullfist.] To insert
surreptitiously, wrongfully, or without warrant; to interpolate; to
pass off (something spurious or counterfeit) as genuine, true, or
worthy; -- usually followed by in.

    Lest negligence or partiality might admit or foist in abuses and
    corruption.


R. Carew.

    When a scripture has been corrupted . . . by a supposititious
    foisting of some words in.


South.

Foist, n. 1. A foister; a sharper. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. A trick or fraud; a swindle. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Foist"er (?), n. One who foists something surreptitiously; a falsifier.
Mir. for Mag.

Foist"ied (?), a. [See 2d Fust.] Fusty. [Obs.]

Foist"i*ness (?), n. Fustiness; mustiness. [Obs.]

Foist"y (?), a. Fusty; musty. [Obs.] Johnson.

Fold (fld), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Folded; p. pr. & vb. n. Folding.] [OE.
folden, falden, AS. fealdan; akin to OHG. faltan, faldan, G. falten,
Icel. falda, Dan. folde, Sw. fÂlla, Goth. fal˛an, cf. Gr. di- pla`sios
twofold, Skr. pua a fold. Cf. Fauteuil.] 1. To lap or lay in plaits or
folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double; as, to fold
cloth; to fold a letter. [1913 Webster]

    As a vesture shalt thou fold them up.


Heb. i. 12.

2. To double or lay together, as the arms or the hands; as, he folds
his arms in despair.

3. To inclose within folds or plaitings; to envelop; to infold; to
clasp; to embrace.

    A face folded in sorrow.


J. Webster.

    We will descend and fold him in our arms.


Shak.

4. To cover or wrap up; to conceal.

    Nor fold my fault in cleanly coined excuses.


Shak.

Fold, v. i. To become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over
another of the same kind; to double together; as, the leaves of the
door fold. 1 Kings vi. 34.

Fold, n. [From Fold, v. In sense 2 AS. -feald, akin to fealdan to
fold.] 1. A doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over
on another part; a plait; a plication.

    Mummies . . . shrouded in a number of folds of linen.


Bacon.

    Folds are most common in the rocks of mountainous regions.


J. D. Dana.

2. Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals, chiefly in composition,
to denote multiplication or increase in a geometrical ratio, the
doubling, tripling, etc., of anything; as, fourfold, four times,
increased in a quadruple ratio, multiplied by four.

3. That which is folded together, or which infolds or envelops;
embrace.

    Shall from your neck unloose his amorous fold.


Shak.

Fold net, a kind of net used in catching birds.

Fold, n. [OE. fald, fold, AS. fald, falod.] 1. An inclosure for sheep;
a sheep pen.

    Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the fold.


Milton.

2. A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; as, Christ's
fold.

    There shall be one fold and one shepherd.


John x. 16.

    The very whitest lamb in all my fold.


Tennyson.

3. A boundary; a limit. [Obs.] Creech.

Fold yard, an inclosure for sheep or cattle.

Fold, v. t. To confine in a fold, as sheep.

Fold, v. i. To confine sheep in a fold. [R.]

    The star that bids the shepherd fold.


Milton.

Fold"age, (&?;) n. [See Fold inclosure, Faldage.] (O.Eng.Law.) See
Faldage.

Fold"er (?), n. One who, or that which, folds; esp., a flat, knifelike
instrument used for folding paper.

Fol"de*rol` (?), n. Nonsense. [Colloq.]

Fold"ing (?), n. 1. The act of making a fold or folds; also, a fold; a
doubling; a plication.

    The lower foldings of the vest.


Addison.

2. (Agric.) The keepig of sheep in inclosures on arable land, etc.

Folding boat, a portable boat made by stretching canvas, etc., over
jointed framework, used in campaigning, and by tourists, etc. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.

Folding chair, a chair which may be shut up compactly for carriage or
stowage; a camp chair. -- Folding door, one of two or more doors
filling a single and hung upon hinges.

Fold"less, a. Having no fold. Milman.

Fo`li*a"ceous (?), a. [L. foliaceus, fr. folium leaf.] 1. (Bot.)
Belonging to, or having the texture or nature of, a leaf; having leaves
intermixed with flowers; as, a foliaceous spike.

2. (Min.) Consisting of leaves or thin laminÊ; having the form of a
leaf or plate; as, foliaceous spar.

3. (Zoˆl.) Leaflike in form or mode of growth; as, a foliaceous coral.

Fo"li*age (?), n. [OF. foillage, fueillage, F. feuillage, fr. OF.
foille, fueille, fueil, F. feulle, leaf, L. folium. See 3d Foil, and
cf. Foliation, Filemot.]

1. Leaves, collectively, as produced or arranged by nature; leafage;
as, a tree or forest of beautiful foliage.

2. A cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches; especially, the
representation of leaves, flowers, and branches, in architecture,
intended to ornament and enrich capitals, friezes, pediments, etc.

Foliage plant (Bot.), any plant cultivated for the beauty of its
leaves, as many kinds of Begonia and Coleus.

Fo"li*age (?), v. t. To adorn with foliage or the imitation of foliage;
to form into the representation of leaves. [R.] Drummond.

Fo"li*aged (?), a. Furnished with foliage; leaved; as, the variously
foliaged mulberry.

Fo"li*ar (?), a. (Bot.) Consisting of, or pertaining to, leaves; as,
foliar appendages.

Foliar gap (Bot.), an opening in the fibrovascular system of a stem at
the point of origin of a leaf. -- Foliar trace (Bot.), a particular
fibrovascular bundle passing down into the stem from a leaf.

Fo"li*ate (&?;), a. [L. foliatus leaved, leafy, fr. folium leaf. See
Foliage.] (Bot.) Furnished with leaves; leafy; as, a foliate stalk.

Foliate curve. (Geom.) Same as Folium.

Fo"li*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foliating (?).] 1. To beat into a leaf, or thin plate. Bacon.

2. To spread over with a thin coat of tin and quicksilver; as, to
foliate a looking-glass.

Fo"li*a`ted (?), a. 1. Having leaves, or leaflike projections; as, a
foliated shell.

2. (Arch.) Containing, or consisting of, foils; as, a foliated arch.

3. (Min.) Characterized by being separable into thin plates or folia;
as, graphite has a foliated structure.

4. (Geol.) Laminated, but restricted to the variety of laminated
structure found in crystalline schist, as mica schist, etc.; schistose.

5. Spread over with an amalgam of tin and quicksilver.

Foliated telluium. (Min.) See Nagyagite.

Fo"li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. foliation.] 1. The process of forming into
a leaf or leaves.

2. The manner in which the young leaves are dispo&?;ed within the bud.

    The . . . foliation must be in relation to the stem.


De Quincey.

3. The act of beating a metal into a thin plate, leaf, foil, or lamina.

4. The act of coating with an amalgam of tin foil and quicksilver, as
in making looking-glasses.

5. (Arch.) The enrichment of an opening by means of foils, arranged in
trefoils, quatrefoils, etc.; also, one of the ornaments. See Tracery.

6. (Geol.) The property, possessed by some crystalline rocks, of
dividing into plates or slabs, which is due to the cleavage structure
of one of the constituents, as mica or hornblende. It may sometimes
include slaty structure or cleavage, though the latter is usually
independent of any mineral constituent, and transverse to the bedding,
it having been produced by pressure.

Fo"li*a*ture (?), n. [L. foliatura foliage.] 1. Foliage; leafage.
[Obs.] Shuckford.

2. The state of being beaten into foil. Johnson.

Fo"li*er (?), n. Goldsmith's foil. [R.] Sprat.

Fo*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. folium leaf+ -ferous: cf. F. foliifËre.]
Producing leaves. [Written also foliiferous.]

Fol"i*ly (?), a. Foolishly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fol"io (?), n.; pl. Folios (#). [Ablative of L. folium leaf. See 4th
Foil.] 1. A leaf of a book or manuscript.

2. A sheet of paper once folded.

3. A book made of sheets of paper each folded once (four pages to the
sheet); hence, a book of the largest kind. See Note under Paper.

4. (Print.) The page number. The even folios are on the left-hand pages
and the odd folios on the right- hand.

5. A page of a book; (Bookkeeping) a page in an account book;
sometimes, two opposite pages bearing the same serial number.

6. (Law) A leaf containing a certain number of words, hence, a certain
number of words in a writing, as in England, in law proceedings 72, and
in chancery, 90; in New York, 100 words.

Folio post, a flat writing paper, usually 17 by 24 inches.

Fol"io, v. t. To put a serial number on each folio or page of (a book);
to page.

Fol"io, a. Formed of sheets each folded once, making two leaves, or
four pages; as, a folio volume. See Folio, n., 3.

Fo"li*o*late (?), a. Of or pertaining to leaflets; -- used in
composition; as, bi- foliolate. Gray.

Fo"li*ole (?), n. [Dim. of L. folium leaf: cf. F. foliole.] (Bot.) One
of the distinct parts of a compound leaf; a leaflet.

Fo`li*o*mort" (?), a. See Feuillemort.

Fo`li*ose" (?), a. [L. foliosus, fr. folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having many
leaves; leafy.

Fo`li*os"i*ty (?), n. The ponderousness or bulk of a folio;
voluminousness. [R.] De Quincey.

Fo"li*ous (&?;), a. [See Foliose.] 1. Like a leaf; thin; unsubstantial.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Bot.) Foliose. [R.]

Fo"li*um (?), n.; pl. E. Foliums (#), L. Folia (#). [L., a leaf.] 1. A
leaf, esp. a thin leaf or plate.

2. (Geom.) A curve of the third order, consisting of two infinite
branches, which have a common asymptote. The curve has a double point,
and a leaf-shaped loop; whence the name. Its equation is x3 + y3 = axy.

<! p. 579 !>

{ Folk (fk), Folks (fks) }, n. collect. & pl. [AS. folc; akin to D.
volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. flk, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith.
pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.] 1. (Eng. Hist.) In Anglo-Saxon
times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a
tribe. [Obs.]

    The organization of each folk, as such, sprang mainly from war.


J. R. Green.

2. People in general, or a separate class of people; -- generally used
in the plural form, and often with a qualifying adjective; as, the old
folks; poor folks. [Colloq.]

    In winter's tedious nights, sit by the fire With good old folks,
    and let them tell thee tales.


Shak.

3. The persons of one's own family; as, our folks are all well.
[Colloq. New Eng.] Bartlett.

Folk song, one of a class of songs long popular with the common people.
-- Folk speech, the speech of the common people, as distinguished from
that of the educated class.

Folk"land` (?), n. [AS. folcland.] (O.Eng. Law) Land held in villenage,
being distributed among the folk, or people, at the pleasure of the
lord of the manor, and resumed at his discretion. Not being held by any
assurance in writing, it was opposed to bookland or charter land, which
was held by deed. Mozley & W.

{ Folk"lore` (?), n., or Folk" lore` }. Tales, legends, or
superstitions long current among the people. Trench.

Folk"mote` (?), n. [AS. folcmt folk meeting.] An assembly of the
people; esp. (Sax. Law), a general assembly of the people to consider
and order matters of the commonwealth; also, a local court. [Hist.]

    To which folkmote they all with one consent Agreed to travel.


Spenser.

Folk"mot`er (?), n. One who takes part in a folkmote, or local court.
[Obs.] Milton.

Fol"li*cle (?), n. [L. folliculus a small bag, husk, pod, dim of follis
bellows, an inflated ball, a leathern money bag, perh. akin to E.
bellows: cf. F. follicule. Cf. 2d Fool.] 1. (Bot.) A simple podlike
pericarp which contains several seeds and opens along the inner or
ventral suture, as in the peony, larkspur and milkweed.

2. (Anat.) (a) A small cavity, tubular depression, or sac; as, a hair
follicle. (b) A simple gland or glandular cavity; a crypt. (c) A small
mass of adenoid tissue; as, a lymphatic follicle.

Fol*lic"u*lar (?), a. 1. Like, pertaining to, or consisting of, a
follicles or follicles.

2. (Med.) Affecting the follicles; as, follicular pharyngitis.

Fol*lic"u*la`ted (?), a. Having follicles.

Fol*lic"u*lous (?), a. [L. folliculosus full of husks: cf. F.
folliculeux.] Having or producing follicles.

Fol"li*ful (?), a. Full of folly. [Obs.]

Fol"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Followed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Following.][OE. foluwen, folwen, folgen, AS. folgian, fylgean, fylgan;
akin to D. volgen, OHG. folg&?;n, G. folgen, Icel. fylgja, Sw. fˆlja,
Dan. fˆlge, and perh. to E. folk.] 1. To go or come after; to move
behind in the same path or direction; hence, to go with (a leader,
guide, etc.); to accompany; to attend.

    It waves me forth again; I'll follow it.


Shak.

2. To endeavor to overtake; to go in pursuit of; to chase; to pursue;
to prosecute.

    I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall follow
    them.


Ex. xiv. 17.

3. To accept as authority; to adopt the opinions of; to obey; to yield
to; to take as a rule of action; as, to follow good advice.

    Approve the best, and follow what I approve


. Milton.

    Follow peace with all men.


Heb. xii. 14.

    It is most agreeable to some men to follow their reason; and to
    others to follow their appetites.


J. Edwards.

4. To copy after; to take as an example.

    We had rather follow the perfections of them whom we like not, than
    in defects resemble them whom we love.


Hooker.

5. To succeed in order of time, rank, or office.

6. To result from, as an effect from a cause, or an inference from a
premise.

7. To watch, as a receding object; to keep the eyes fixed upon while in
motion; to keep the mind upon while in progress, as a speech, musical
performance, etc.; also, to keep up with; to understand the meaning,
connection, or force of, as of a course of thought or argument.

    He followed with his eyes the flitting shade.


Dryden.

8. To walk in, as a road or course; to attend upon closely, as a
profession or calling.

    O, had I but followed the arts!


Shak.

    O Antony! I have followed thee to this.


Shak.

Follow board (Founding), a board on which the pattern and the flask lie
while the sand is rammed into the flask. Knight. -- To follow the
hounds, to hunt with dogs. -- To follow suit (Card Playing), to play a
card of the same suit as the leading card; hence, colloquially, to
follow an example set. -- To follow up, to pursue indefatigably.

Syn.- To pursue; chase; go after; attend; accompany; succeed; imitate;
copy; embrace; maintain. - To Follow, Pursue. To follow (v.t.) denotes
simply to go after; to pursue denotes to follow with earnestness, and
with a view to attain some definite object; as, a hound pursues the
deer. So a person follows a companion whom he wishes to overtake on a
journey; the officers of justice pursue a felon who has escaped from
prison.

Fol"low, v. i. To go or come after; -- used in the various senses of
the transitive verb: To pursue; to attend; to accompany; to be a
result; to imitate.

Syn.- To Follow, Succeed, Ensue. To follow (v.i.) means simply to come
after; as, a crowd followed. To succeed means to come after in some
regular series or succession; as, day succeeds to day, and night to
night. To ensue means to follow by some established connection or
principle of sequence. As wave follows wave, revolution succeeds to
revolution; and nothing ensues but accumulated wretchedness.

Fol"low*er (?), n. [OE. folwere, AS. folgere.] 1. One who follows; a
pursuer; an attendant; a disciple; a dependent associate; a retainer.

2. A sweetheart; a beau. [Colloq.] A. Trollope.

3. (Steam Engine) (a) The removable flange, or cover, of a piston. See
Illust. of Piston. (b) A gland. See Illust. of Stuffing box.

4. (Mach.) The part of a machine that receives motion from another
part. See Driver.

5. Among law stationers, a sheet of parchment or paper which is added
to the first sheet of an indenture or other deed.

Syn. -- Imitator; copier; disciple; adherent; partisan; dependent;
attendant.

Fol"low*ing (?), n. 1. One's followers, adherents, or dependents,
collectively. Macaulay.

2. Vocation; business; profession.

Fol"low*ing, a. 1. Next after; succeeding; ensuing; as, the assembly
was held on the following day.

2. (Astron.) (In the field of a telescope) In the direction from which
stars are apparently moving (in consequence of the earth's rotation);
as, a small star, north following or south following. In the direction
toward which stars appear to move is called preceding.

The four principal directions in the field of a telescope are north,
south, following, preceding.

Fol"ly (?), n.; pl. Follies (#). [OE. folie, foli, F. folie, fr. fol,
fou, foolish, mad. See Fool.] 1. The state of being foolish; want of
good sense; levity, weakness, or derangement of mind.

2. A foolish act; an inconsiderate or thoughtless procedure; weak or
light-minded conduct; foolery.

    What folly 'tis to hazard life for ill.


Shak.

3. Scandalous crime; sin; specifically, as applied to a woman,
wantonness.

    [Achan] wrought folly in Israel.


Josh. vii. 15.

    When lovely woman stoops to folly.


Goldsmith.

4. The result of a foolish action or enterprise.

    It is called this man's or that man's "folly," and name of the
    foolish builder is thus kept alive for long after years.


Trench.

Fol"we (?), v. t. To follow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fo"mal*haut` (?), n. [Ar., prop., mouth of the large fish: cf. F.
Fomalhaut.] (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude, in the
constellation Piscis Australis, or Southern Fish.

Fo*ment" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fomented; p. pr. & vb. n. Fomenting.]
[F. fomenter, fr. L. fomentare, fr. fomentum (for fovimentum) a warm
application or lotion, fr. fovere to warm or keep warm; perh. akin to
Gr. &?; to roast, and E. bake.] 1. To apply a warm lotion to; to bathe
with a cloth or sponge wet with warm water or medicated liquid.

2. To cherish with heat; to foster. [Obs.]

    Which these soft fires . . . foment and warm.


Milton.

3. To nurse to life or activity; to cherish and promote by excitements;
to encourage; to abet; to instigate; -- used often in a bad sense; as,
to foment ill humors. Locke.

    But quench the choler you foment in vain.


Dryden.

    Exciting and fomenting a religious rebellion.


Southey.

Fo`men*ta"tion (?), n. [&?;. fomentatio: cf. F. fomentation.] 1. (Med.)
(a) The act of fomenting; the application of warm, soft, medicinal
substances, as for the purpose of easing pain, by relaxing the skin, or
of discussing tumors. (b) The lotion applied to a diseased part.

2. Excitation; instigation; encouragement.

    Dishonest fomentation of your pride.


Young.

Fo*ment"er (?), n. One who foments; one who encourages or instigates;
as, a fomenter of sedition.

||Fo"mes (f"mz), n.; pl. Fomites (fm"*tz). [L. fomes, -itis,
||touch-wood, tinder.] (Med.) Any substance supposed to be capable of
||absorbing, retaining, and transporting contagious or infectious
||germs; as, woolen clothes are said to be active fomites.

Fon (fn), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. fni silly, fna to act silly,
Sw. fÂne fool. Cf. Fond, a.] A fool; an idiot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fond (?), obs. imp. of Find. Found. Chaucer.

Fond, a. [Compar. Fonder (?); superl. Fondest.] [For fonned, p. p. of
OE. fonnen to be foolish. See Fon.] 1. Foolish; silly; simple; weak.
[Archaic]

    Grant I may never prove so fond To trust man on his oath or bond.


Shak.

2. Foolishly tender and loving; weakly indulgent; over-affectionate.

3. Affectionate; loving; tender; -- in a good sense; as, a fond mother
or wife. Addison.

4. Loving; much pleased; affectionately regardful, indulgent, or
desirous; longing or yearning; -- followed by of (formerly also by on).

    More fond on her than she upon her love.


Shak.

    You are as fond of grief as of your child.


Shak.

    A great traveler, and fond of telling his adventures.


Irving.

5. Doted on; regarded with affection. [R.]

    Nor fix on fond abodes to circumscribe thy prayer.


Byron.

6. Trifling; valued by folly; trivial. [Obs.] Shak.

Fond, v. t. To caress; to fondle. [Obs.]

    The Tyrian hugs and fonds thee on her breast.


Dryden.

Fond, v. i. To be fond; to dote. [Obs.] Shak.

Fond"e (?), v. t. & i. [AS. fandian to try.] To endeavor; to strive; to
try. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fon"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fondled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fondling
(?).] [From Fond, v.] To treat or handle with tenderness or in a loving
manner; to caress; as, a nurse fondles a child.

Syn. -- See Caress.

Fon"dler (?), n. One who fondles. Johnson.

Fon"dling (?), n. [From Fondle.] The act of caressing; manifestation of
tenderness.

    Cyrus made no . . . amorous fondling To fan her pride, or melt her
    guardless heart.


Mickle.

Fond"ling (?), n. [Fond + - ling.] 1. A person or thing fondled or
caressed; one treated with foolish or doting affection.

    Fondlings are in danger to be made fools.


L'Estrange.

2. A fool; a simpleton; a ninny. [Obs.] Chapman.

Fond"ly (?), adv. 1. Foolishly. [Archaic] Verstegan (1673).

    Make him speak fondly like a frantic man.


Shak.

2. In a fond manner; affectionately; tenderly.

    My heart, untraveled, fondly turns to thee.


Goldsmith.

Fond"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being fond; foolishness.
[Obs.]

    Fondness it were for any, being free, To covet fetters, though they
    golden be.


Spenser.

2. Doting affection; tender liking; strong appetite, propensity, or
relish; as, he had a fondness for truffles.

    My heart had still some foolish fondness for thee.


Addison.

Syn. -- Attachment; affection; love; kindness.

Fon"don (?), n. [Cf. F. fondant flux.] (Metal.) A large copper vessel
used for hot amalgamation.

||Fon`dus" (?), n. [F. fondu, prop. p. p. of fondre to melt, blend. See
||Found to cast.] A style of printing calico, paper hangings, etc., in
||which the colors are in bands and graduated into each other. Ure.

Fone (?), n.; pl. of Foe. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fong"e (?), v. t. [See Fang, v. t.] To take; to receive. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Fon"ly (?), adv. [See Fon.] Foolishly; fondly. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fon"ne (?), n. A fon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Font (?), n. [F. fonte, fr. fondre to melt or cast. See Found to cast,
and cf. Fount a font.] (Print.) A complete assortment of printing type
of one size, including a due proportion of all the letters in the
alphabet, large and small, points, accents, and whatever else is
necessary for printing with that variety of types; a fount.

Font, n. [AS. font, fant, fr. L. fons, fontis, spring, fountain; cf.
OF. font, funt, F. fonts, fonts baptismaux, pl. See Fount.] 1. A
fountain; a spring; a source.

    Bathing forever in the font of bliss.


Young.

2. A basin or stone vessel in which water is contained for baptizing.

    That name was given me at the font.


Shak.

Font"al (?), a. Pertaining to a font, fountain, source, or origin;
original; primitive. [R.]

    From the fontal light of ideas only can a man draw intellectual
    power.


Coleridge.

Fon"ta*nel` (?), n. [F. fontanelle, prop., a little fountain, fr.
fontaine fountain. See Fountain.] 1. (Med.) An issue or artificial
ulcer for the discharge of humors from the body.[Obs.] Wiseman.

2. (Anat.) One of the membranous intervals between the incompleted
angles of the parietal and neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull;
-- so called because it exhibits a rhythmical pulsation.

In the human fetus there are six fontanels, of which the anterior, or
bregmatic, situated at the junction of the coronal and sagittal
sutures, is much the largest, and remains open a considerable time
after birth.

||Fon`ta`nelle" (?), n. [F.] (Anat.) Same as Fontanel, 2.

||Fon`tange" (?), n. [F., from the name of the first wearer, Mlle. de
||Fontanges, about 1679.] A kind of tall headdress formerly worn.
||Addison.

Food (?), n. [OE. fode, AS. fda; akin to Icel. fÊa, fÊi, Sw. fˆda,
Dan. & LG. fˆde, OHG. fatunga, Gr. patei^sthai to eat, and perh. to
Skr. p to protect, L. pascere to feed, pasture, pabulum food, E.
pasture. &radic;75. Cf. Feed, Fodder food, Foster to cherish.] 1. What
is fed upon; that which goes to support life by being received within,
and assimilated by, the organism of an animal or a plant; nutriment;
aliment; especially, what is eaten by animals for nourishment.

In a physiological sense, true aliment is to be distinguished as that
portion of the food which is capable of being digested and absorbed
into the blood, thus furnishing nourishment, in distinction from the
indigestible matter which passes out through the alimentary canal as
fÊces.

Foods are divided into two main groups: nitrogenous, or proteid, foods,
i.e., those which contain nitrogen, and nonnitrogenous, i.e., those
which do not contain nitrogen. The latter group embraces the fats and
carbohydrates, which collectively are sometimes termed heat producers
or respiratory foods, since by oxidation in the body they especially
subserve the production of heat. The proteids, on the other hand, are
known as plastic foods or tissue formers, since no tissue can be formed
without them. These latter terms, however, are misleading, since
proteid foods may also give rise to heat both directly and indirectly,
and the fats and carbohydrates are useful in other ways than in
producing heat.

2. Anything that instructs the intellect, excites the feelings, or
molds habits of character; that which nourishes.

    This may prove food to my displeasure.


Shak.

    In this moment there is life and food For future years.


Wordsworth.

Food is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds, as in
food fish or food-fish, food supply.

Food vacuole (Zoˆl.), one of the spaces in the interior of a protozoan
in which food is contained, during digestion. -- Food yolk. (Biol.) See
under Yolk.

Syn. -- Aliment; sustenance; nutriment; feed; fare; victuals;
provisions; meat.

Food, v. t. To supply with food. [Obs.] Baret.

<! p. 580 !>

Food"ful (?), a. Full of food; supplying food; fruitful; fertile. "The
foodful earth." Dryden.

    Bent by its foodful burden [the corn].


Glover.

Food"less, a. Without food; barren. Sandys.

Food"y (?), a. Eatable; fruitful. [R.] Chapman.

Fool (?), n. [Cf. F. fouler to tread, crush. Cf. 1st Foil.] A compound
of gooseberries scalded and crushed, with cream; -- commonly called
gooseberry fool.

Fool, n. [OE. fol, n. & adj., F. fol, fou, foolish, mad; a fool, prob.
fr. L. follis a bellows, wind bag, an inflated ball; perh. akin to E.
bellows. Cf. Folly, Follicle.] 1. One destitute of reason, or of the
common powers of understanding; an idiot; a natural.

2. A person deficient in intellect; one who acts absurdly, or pursues a
course contrary to the dictates of wisdom; one without judgment; a
simpleton; a dolt.

    Extol not riches, then, the toil of fools.


Milton.

    Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other.


Franklin.

3. (Script.) One who acts contrary to moral and religious wisdom; a
wicked person.

    The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God.


Ps. xiv. 1.

4. One who counterfeits folly; a professional jester or buffoon; a
retainer formerly kept to make sport, dressed fantastically in motley,
with ridiculous accouterments.

    Can they think me . . . their fool or jester?


Milton.

April fool, Court fool, etc. See under April, Court, etc. -- Fool's
cap, a cap or hood to which bells were usually attached, formerly worn
by professional jesters. -- Fool's errand, an unreasonable, silly,
profitless adventure or undertaking. -- Fool's gold, iron or copper
pyrites, resembling gold in color. -- Fool's paradise, a name applied
to a limbo (see under Limbo) popularly believed to be the region of
vanity and nonsense. Hence, any foolish pleasure or condition of vain
self-satistaction. -- Fool's parsley (Bot.), an annual umbelliferous
plant (∆thusa Cynapium) resembling parsley, but nauseous and poisonous.
-- To make a fool of, to render ridiculous; to outwit; to shame.
[Colloq.] -- To play the fool, to act the buffoon; to act a foolish
part. "I have played the fool, and have erred exceedingly." 1 Sam.
xxvi. 21.

Fool, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fooling.] To play
the fool; to trifle; to toy; to spend time in idle sport or mirth.

    Is this a time for fooling?


Dryden.

Fool, v. t. 1. To infatuate; to make foolish. Shak.

    For, fooled with hope, men favor the deceit.


Dryden.

2. To use as a fool; to deceive in a shameful or mortifying manner; to
impose upon; to cheat by inspiring foolish confidence; as, to fool one
out of his money.

    You are fooled, discarded, and shook off By him for whom these
    shames ye underwent.


Shak.

To fool away, to get rid of foolishly; to spend in trifles, idleness,
folly, or without advantage.

Foo"lahs` (?), n. pl.; sing. Foolah. (Ethnol.) Same as Fulahs.

Fool"-born` (?), a. Begotten by a fool. Shak.

Fool"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fooleries (&?;). 1. The practice of folly; the
behavior of a fool; absurdity.

    Folly in fools bears not so strong a note, As foolery in the wise,
    when wit doth dote.


Shak.

2. An act of folly or weakness; a foolish practice; something absurd or
nonsensical.

    That Pythagoras, Plato, or Orpheus, believed in any of these
    fooleries, it can not be suspected.


Sir W. Raleigh.

Fool"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The orange filefish. See Filefish. (b)
The winter flounder. See Flounder.

Fool"-hap`py (?), a. Lucky, without judgment or contrivance. [Obs.]
Spenser.

Fool"har`di*hood (?), n. The state of being foolhardy; foolhardiness.

Fool"har`di*ly, adv. In a foolhardy manner.

Fool"har`di*ness, n. Courage without sense or judgment; foolish
rashness; recklessness. Dryden.

Fool"har`dise (?), n. [Fool, F. fol, fou + F. hardiesse boldness.]
Foolhardiness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fool"har`dy (?), a. [OF. folhardi. See Fool idiot, and Hardy.] Daring
without judgment; foolishly adventurous and bold. Howell.

Syn. -- Rash; venturesome; venturous; precipitate; reckless; headlong;
incautious. See Rash.

Fool"-has`ty (?), a. Foolishly hasty. [R.]

Fool"i*fy (?), v. t. [Fool + -fy.] To make a fool of; to befool. [R.]
Holland.

Fool"ish, a. 1. Marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of
understanding; weak in intellect; without judgment or discretion;
silly; unwise.

    I am a very foolish fond old man.


Shak.

2. Such as a fool would do; proceeding from weakness of mind or
silliness; exhibiting a want of judgment or discretion; as, a foolish
act.

3. Absurd; ridiculous; despicable; contemptible.

    A foolish figure he must make.


Prior.

Syn. -- Absurd; shallow; shallow-brained; brainless; simple;
irrational; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; silly;
ridiculous; vain; trifling; contemptible. See Absurd.

Fool"ish*ly, adv. In a foolish manner.

Fool"ish*ness, n. 1. The quality of being foolish.

2. A foolish practice; an absurdity.

    The preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness.


1 Cor. i. 18.

Fool"-large` (?), a. [OF. follarge. See Fool, and Large.] Foolishly
liberal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fool"-lar*gesse` (?), n. [See Fool- large, Largess.] Foolish
expenditure; waste. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fools"cap` (?), n. [So called from the watermark of a fool's cap and
bells used by old paper makers. See Fool's cap, under Fool.] A writing
paper made in sheets, ordinarily 16 x 13 inches, and folded so as to
make a page 13 x 8 inches. See Paper.

Foot (ft), n.; pl. Feet (ft). [OE. fot, foot, pl. fet, feet. AS. ft,
pl. ft; akin to D. voet, OHG. fuoz, G. fuss, Icel. ftr, Sw. fot, Dan.
fod, Goth. ftus, L. pes, Gr. poy`s, Skr. pd, Icel. fet step, pace
measure of a foot, feta to step, find one's way. &radic;77, 250. Cf.
Antipodes, Cap-a-pie, Expedient, Fet to fetch, Fetlock, Fetter, Pawn a
piece in chess, Pedal.] 1. (Anat.) The terminal part of the leg of man
or an animal; esp., the part below the ankle or wrist; that part of an
animal upon which it rests when standing, or moves. See Manus, and Pes.

2. (Zoˆl.) The muscular locomotive organ of a mollusk. It is a median
organ arising from the ventral region of body, often in the form of a
flat disk, as in snails. See Illust. of Buccinum.

3. That which corresponds to the foot of a man or animal; as, the foot
of a table; the foot of a stocking.

4. The lowest part or base; the ground part; the bottom, as of a
mountain or column; also, the last of a row or series; the end or
extremity, esp. if associated with inferiority; as, the foot of a hill;
the foot of the procession; the foot of a class; the foot of the bed.

    And now at foot Of heaven's ascent they lift their feet.


Milton.

5. Fundamental principle; basis; plan; -- used only in the singular.

    Answer directly upon the foot of dry reason.


Berkeley.

6. Recognized condition; rank; footing; -- used only in the singular.
[R.]

    As to his being on the foot of a servant.


Walpole.

7. A measure of length equivalent to twelve inches; one third of a
yard. See Yard.

This measure is supposed to be taken from the length of a man's foot.
It differs in length in different countries. In the United States and
in England it is 304.8 millimeters.

8. (Mil.) Soldiers who march and fight on foot; the infantry, usually
designated as the foot, in distinction from the cavalry. "Both horse
and foot." Milton.

9. (Pros.) A combination of syllables consisting a metrical element of
a verse, the syllables being formerly distinguished by their quantity
or length, but in modern poetry by the accent.

10. (Naut.) The lower edge of a sail.

Foot is often used adjectively, signifying of or pertaining to a foot
or the feet, or to the base or lower part. It is also much used as the
first of compounds.

Foot artillery. (Mil.) (a) Artillery soldiers serving in foot. (b)
Heavy artillery. Farrow. -- Foot bank (Fort.), a raised way within a
parapet. -- Foot barracks (Mil.), barracks for infantery. -- Foot
bellows, a bellows worked by a treadle. Knight. -- Foot company (Mil.),
a company of infantry. Milton. -- Foot gear, covering for the feet, as
stocking, shoes, or boots. -- Foot hammer (Mach.), a small tilt hammer
moved by a treadle. -- Foot iron. (a) The step of a carriage. (b) A
fetter. -- Foot jaw. (Zoˆl.) See Maxilliped. -- Foot key (Mus.), an
organ pedal. -- Foot level (Gunnery), a form of level used in giving
any proposed angle of elevation to a piece of ordnance. Farrow. -- Foot
mantle, a long garment to protect the dress in riding; a riding skirt.
[Obs.] -- Foot page, an errand boy; an attendant. [Obs.] -- Foot
passenger, one who passes on foot, as over a road or bridge. -- Foot
pavement, a paved way for foot passengers; a footway; a trottoir. --
Foot poet, an inferior poet; a poetaster. [R.] Dryden. -- Foot post.
(a) A letter carrier who travels on foot. (b) A mail delivery by means
of such carriers. -- Fot pound, &and; Foot poundal. (Mech.) See Foot
pound and Foot poundal, in the Vocabulary. -- Foot press (Mach.), a
cutting, embossing, or printing press, moved by a treadle. -- Foot
race, a race run by persons on foot. Cowper. -- Foot rail, a railroad
rail, with a wide flat flange on the lower side. -- Foot rot, an ulcer
in the feet of sheep; claw sickness. -- Foot rule, a rule or measure
twelve inches long. -- Foot screw, an adjusting screw which forms a
foot, and serves to give a machine or table a level standing on an
uneven place. -- Foot secretion. (Zoˆl.) See Sclerobase. -- Foot
soldier, a soldier who serves on foot. -- Foot stick (Printing), a
beveled piece of furniture placed against the foot of the page, to hold
the type in place. -- Foot stove, a small box, with an iron pan, to
hold hot coals for warming the feet. -- Foot tubercle. (Zoˆl.) See
Parapodium. -- Foot valve (Steam Engine), the valve that opens to the
air pump from the condenser. -- Foot vise, a kind of vise the jaws of
which are operated by a treadle. -- Foot waling (Naut.), the inside
planks or lining of a vessel over the floor timbers. Totten. -- Foot
wall (Mining), the under wall of an inclosed vein.

By foot, or On foot, by walking; as, to pass a stream on foot. -- Cubic
foot. See under Cubic. -- Foot and mouth disease, a contagious disease
(Eczema epizoˆtica) of cattle, sheep, swine, etc., characterized by the
formation of vesicles and ulcers in the mouth and about the hoofs. --
Foot of the fine (Law), the concluding portion of an acknowledgment in
court by which, formerly, the title of land was conveyed. See Fine of
land, under Fine, n.; also Chirograph. (b). -- Square foot. See under
Square. -- To be on foot, to be in motion, action, or process of
execution. -- To keep the foot (Script.), to preserve decorum. "Keep
thy foot when thou goest to the house of God." Eccl. v. 1. -- To put
one's foot down, to take a resolute stand; to be determined. [Colloq.]
-- To put the best foot foremost, to make a good appearance; to do
one's best. [Colloq.] -- To set on foot, to put in motion; to
originate; as, to set on foot a subscription. -- To put, or set, one on
his feet, to put one in a position to go on; to assist to start. --
Under foot. (a) Under the feet; (Fig.) at one's mercy; as, to trample
under foot. Gibbon. (b) Below par. [Obs.] "They would be forced to sell
. . . far under foot." Bacon.

Foot (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Footed; p. pr. & vb. n. Footing.] 1. To
tread to measure or music; to dance; to trip; to skip. Dryden.

2. To walk; -- opposed to ride or fly. Shak.

Foot, v. t. 1. To kick with the foot; to spurn. Shak.

2. To set on foot; to establish; to land. [Obs.]

    What confederacy have you with the traitors Late footed in the
    kingdom?


Shak.

3. To tread; as, to foot the green. Tickell.

4. To sum up, as the numbers in a column; -- sometimes with up; as, to
foot (or foot up) an account.

5. To seize or strike with the talon. [Poet.] Shak.

6. To renew the foot of, as of a stocking. Shak.

To foot a bill, to pay it. [Colloq.] -- To foot it, to walk; also, to
dance.

    If you are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, who can foot it
    farthest.


Dryden.

Foot"ball` (?), n. An inflated ball to be kicked in sport, usually made
in India rubber, or a bladder incased in Leather. Waller.

2. The game of kicking the football by opposing parties of players
between goals. Arbuthnot.

Foot"band` (?), n. A band of foot soldiers. [Obs.]

Foot"bath` (?), n. A bath for the feet; also, a vessel used in bathing
the feet.

Foot"board` (?), n. 1. A board or narrow platfrom upon which one may
stand or brace his feet; as: (a) The platform for the engineer and
fireman of a locomotive. (b) The foot-rest of a coachman's box.

2. A board forming the foot of a bedstead.

3. A treadle.

Foot"boy` (?), n. A page; an attendant in livery; a lackey. Shak.

Foot"breadth` (?), n. The breadth of a foot; -- used as a measure.
Longfellow.

    Not so much as a footbreadth.


Deut. ii. 5.

Foot"bridge` (?), n. A narrow bridge for foot passengers only.

Foot"cloth` (?), n. Formerly, a housing or caparison for a horse. Sir
W. Scott.

Foot"ed, a. 1. Having a foot or feet; shaped in the foot. "Footed like
a goat." Grew.

Footed is often used in composition in the sense of having (such or so
many) feet; as, fourfooted beasts.

2. Having a foothold; established.

    Our king . . . is footed in this land already.


Shak.

Foot"fall` (?), n. A setting down of the foot; a footstep; the sound of
a footstep. Shak.

    Seraphim, whose footfalls tinkled on the tufted floor.


Poe.

Foot"fight` (?), n. A conflict by persons on foot; -- distinguished
from a fight on horseback. Sir P. Sidney.

Foot"glove` (?), n. A kind of stocking. [Obs.]

Foot" Guards` (?), pl. Infantry soldiers belonging to select regiments
called the Guards. [Eng.]

Foot"halt` (?), n. A disease affecting the feet of sheep.

Foot"hill` (?), n. A low hill at the foot of higher hills or mountains.

Foot"hold` (?), n. A holding with the feet; firm standing; that on
which one may tread or rest securely; footing. L'Estrange.

Foot"hook` (?), n. (Naut.) See Futtock.

Foot"hot` (?), adv. Hastily; immediately; instantly; on the spot;
hotfoot. Gower.

    Custance have they taken anon, foothot.


Chaucer.

Foot"ing, n. 1. Ground for the foot; place for the foot to rest on;
firm foundation to stand on.

    In ascent, every step gained is a footing and help to the next.


Holder.

2. Standing; position; established place; basis for operation;
permanent settlement; foothold.

    As soon as he had obtained a footing at court, the charms of his
    manner . . . made him a favorite.


Macaulay.

3. Relative condition; state.

    Lived on a footing of equality with nobles.


Macaulay.

4. Tread; step; especially, measured tread.

    Hark, I hear the footing of a man.


Shak.

5. The act of adding up a column of figures; the amount or sum total of
such a column.

6. The act of putting a foot to anything; also, that which is added as
a foot; as, the footing of a stocking.

7. A narrow cotton lace, without figures.

8. The finer refuse part of whale blubber, not wholly deprived of oil.
Simmonds.

9. (Arch. & Enging.) The thickened or sloping portion of a wall, or of
an embankment at its foot.

Footing course (Arch.), one of the courses of masonry at the foot of a
wall, broader than the courses above. -- To pay one's footing, to pay a
fee on first doing anything, as working at a trade or in a shop.
Wright. -- Footing beam, the tie beam of a roof.

Foot"less, a. Having no feet.

Foot"lick`er (?), n. A sycophant; a fawner; a toady. Cf. Bootlick.
Shak.

Foot"light` (?), n. One of a row of lights in the front of the stage in
a theater, etc., and on a level therewith.

Before the footlights, upon the stage; -- hence, in the capacity of an
actor.

Foot"man (?), n.; pl. Footmen (&?;). 1. A soldier who marches and
fights on foot; a foot soldier.

2. A man in waiting; a male servant whose duties are to attend the
door, the carriage, the table, etc.

3. Formerly, a servant who ran in front of his master's carriage; a
runner. Prior.

4. A metallic stand with four feet, for keeping anything warm before a
fire.

5. (Zoˆl.) A moth of the family LithosidÊ; -- so called from its
livery-like colors.

Foot"man*ship, n. Art or skill of a footman.

Foot"mark` (?), n. A footprint; a track or vestige. Coleridge.

Foot"note` (?), n. A note of reference or comment at the foot of a
page.

Foot"pace` (?), n. 1. A walking pace or step.

2. A dais, or elevated platform; the highest step of the altar; a
landing in a staircase. Shipley.

Foot"pad` (?), n. A highwayman or robber on foot.

Foot"path` (?), n.; pl. Footpaths (&?;). A narrow path or way for
pedestrains only; a footway.

Foot"plate` (?), n. (Locomotives) See Footboard (a).

Foot" pound` (?). (Mech.) A unit of energy, or work, being equal to the
work done in raising one pound avoirdupois against the force of gravity
the height of one foot.

<! p. 581 !>

Foot" pound`al (?). (Mech.) A unit of energy or work, equal to the work
done in moving a body through one foot against the force of one
poundal.

Foot"print` (?), n. The impression of the foot; a trace or footmark;
as, "Footprints of the Creator."

Foot"rope` (?), n. (Aut.) (a) The rope rigged below a yard, upon which
men stand when reefing or furling; -- formerly called a horse. (b) That
part of the boltrope to which the lower edge of a sail is sewed.

Foots (?), n. pl. The settlings of oil, molasses, etc., at the bottom
of a barrel or hogshead. Simmonds.

Foot"-sore` (?), a. Having sore or tender feet, as by reason of much
walking; as, foot-sore cattle.

Foot"stalk` (?), n. 1. (Bot.) The stalk of a leaf or of flower; a
petiole, pedicel, or reduncle.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) The peduncle or stem by which various marine animals are
attached, as certain brachiopods and goose barnacles. (b) The stem
which supports which supports the eye in decapod Crustacea; eyestalk.

3. (Mach.) The lower part of a millstone spindle. It rests in a step.
Knight.

Foot"stall` (?), n. [Cf. Pedestal.] 1. The stirrup of a woman's saddle.

2. (Arch.) The plinth or base of a pillar.

Foot"step` (?), n. 1. The mark or impression of the foot; a track;
hence, visible sign of a course pursued; token; mark; as, the footsteps
of divine wisdom.

    How on the faltering footsteps of decay Youth presses.


Bryant.

2. An inclined plane under a hand printing press.

Foot"stone` (?; 110), n. The stone at the foot of a grave; -- opposed
to headstone.

Foot"stool` (?), n. A low stool to support the feet of one when
sitting.

Foot"way` (?), n. A passage for pedestrians only.

Foot"worn` (?), a. Worn by, or weared in, the feet; as, a footworn
path; a footworn traveler.

Foot"y (?), a. 1. Having foots, or settlings; as, footy oil, molasses,
etc. [Eng.]

2. Poor; mean. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

Fop (?), n. [OE. foppe, fop, fool; cf. E. fob to cheat, G. foppen to
make a fool of one, jeer, D. foppen.] One whose ambition it is to gain
admiration by showy dress; a coxcomb; an inferior dandy.

Fop"-doo`dle (?), n. A stupid or insignificant fellow; a fool; a
simpleton. [R.] Hudibras.

Fop"ling (?), n. A petty fop. Landor.

Fop"per*y (?), n.; pl. Fopperies (#). [From Fop.] 1. The behavior,
dress, or other indication of a fop; coxcombry; affectation of show;
showy folly.

2. Folly; foolery.

    Let not the sound of shallow foppery enter My sober house.


Shak.

Fop"pish (?), a. Foplike; characteristic of a top in dress or manners;
making an ostentatious display of gay clothing; affected in manners.

Syn. -- Finical; spruce; dandyish. See Finical.

-- Fop"pish*ly, adv. -- Fop"pish*ness, n.

For- (&?;). [AS. for-; akin to D. & G. ver- , OHG. fir-, Icel. for-,
Goth. fra-, cf. Skr. par- away, Gr. &?; beside, and E. far, adj. Cf.
Fret to rub.] A prefix to verbs, having usually the force of a negative
or privative. It often implies also loss, detriment, or destruction,
and sometimes it is intensive, meaning utterly, quite thoroughly, as in
forbathe.

For (?), prep. [AS. for, fore; akin to OS. for, fora, furi, D. voor,
OHG. fora, G. vor, OHG. furi, G. f¸r, Icel. fyrir, Sw. fˆr, Dan. for,
adv. fˆr, Goth. fa˙r, fa˙ra, L. pro, Gr. &?;, Skr. pra-. &radic; 202.
Cf. Fore, First, Foremost, Forth, Pro-.] In the most general sense,
indicating that in consideration of, in view of, or with reference to,
which anything is done or takes place.

1. Indicating the antecedent cause or occasion of an action; the motive
or inducement accompanying and prompting to an act or state; the reason
of anything; that on account of which a thing is or is done.

    With fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath.


Shak.

    How to choose dogs for scent or speed.


Waller.

    Now, for so many glorious actions done, For peace at home, and for
    the public wealth, I mean to crown a bowl for CÊsar's health.


Dryden.

    That which we, for our unworthiness, are afraid to crave, our
    prayer is, that God, for the worthiness of his Son, would,
    notwithstanding, vouchsafe to grant.


Hooker.

2. Indicating the remoter and indirect object of an act; the end or
final cause with reference to which anything is, acts, serves, or is
done.

    The oak for nothing ill, The osier good for twigs, the poplar for
    the mill.


Spenser.

    It was young counsel for the persons, and violent counsel for the
    matters.


Bacon.

    Shall I think the worls was made for one, And men are born for
    kings, as beasts for men, Not for protection, but to be devoured?


Dryden.

    For he writes not for money, nor for praise.


Denham.

3. Indicating that in favor of which, or in promoting which, anything
is, or is done; hence, in behalf of; in favor of; on the side of; --
opposed to against.

    We can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth.


2 Cor. xiii. 8.

    It is for the general good of human society, and consequently of
    particular persons, to be true and just; and it is for men's health
    to be temperate.


Tillotson.

    Aristotle is for poetical justice.


Dennis.

4. Indicating that toward which the action of anything is directed, or
the point toward which motion is made; &?;ntending to go to.

    We sailed from Peru for China and Japan.


Bacon.

5. Indicating that on place of or instead of which anything acts or
serves, or that to which a substitute, an equivalent, a compensation,
or the like, is offered or made; instead of, or place of.

    And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, eye
    for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.


Ex. xxi. 23, 24.

6. Indicating that in the character of or as being which anything is
regarded or treated; to be, or as being.

    We take a falling meteor for a star.


Cowley.

    If a man can be fully assured of anything for a truth, without
    having examined, what is there that he may not embrace for tru&?;?


Locke.

    Most of our ingenious young men take up some cried- up English poet
    for their model.


Dryden.

    But let her go for an ungrateful woman.


Philips.

7. Indicating that instead of which something else controls in the
performing of an action, or that in spite of which anything is done,
occurs, or is; hence, equivalent to notwithstanding, in spite of; --
generally followed by all, aught, anything, etc.

    The writer will do what she please for all me.


Spectator.

    God's desertion shall, for aught he knows, the next minute
    supervene.


Dr. H. More.

    For anything that legally appears to the contrary, it may be a
    contrivance to fright us.


Swift.

8. Indicating the space or time through which an action or state
extends; hence, during; in or through the space or time of.

    For many miles about There 's scarce a bush.


Shak.

    Since, hired for life, thy servile muse sing.


prior.

    To guide the sun's bright chariot for a day.


Garth.

9. Indicating that in prevention of which, or through fear of which,
anything is done. [Obs.]

    We 'll have a bib, for spoiling of thy doublet.


Beau. & Fl.

For, or As for, so far as concerns; as regards; with reference to; --
used parenthetically or independently. See under As.

    As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.


Josh. xxiv. 15.

    For me, my stormy voyage at an end, I to the port of death securely
    tend.


Dryden.

-- For all that, notwithstanding; in spite of. -- For all the world,
wholly; exactly. "Whose posy was, for all the world, like cutlers'
poetry." Shak. -- For as much as, or Forasmuch as, in consideration
that; seeing that; since. -- For by. See Forby, adv. -- For ever,
eternally; at all times. See Forever. -- For me, or For all me, as far
as regards me. -- For my life, or For the life of me, if my life
depended on it. [Colloq.] T. Hook. -- For that, For the reason that,
because; since. [Obs.] "For that I love your daughter." Shak. -- For
thy, or Forthy [AS. for&?;&?;.], for this; on this account. [Obs.]
"Thomalin, have no care for thy." Spenser. -- For to, as sign of
infinitive, in order to; to the end of. [Obs., except as sometimes
heard in illiterate speech.] -- "What went ye out for to see?" Luke
vii. 25. See To, prep., 4. -- O for, would that I had; may there be
granted; -- elliptically expressing desire or prayer. "O for a muse of
fire." Shak. -- Were it not for, or If it were not for, leaving out of
account; but for the presence or action of. "Moral consideration can no
way move the sensible appetite, were it not for the will." Sir M. Hale.

For (?), conj. 1. Because; by reason that; for that; indicating, in Old
English, the reason of anything.

    And for of long that way had walkÈd none, The vault was hid with
    plants and bushes hoar.


Fairfax.

    And Heaven defend your good souls, that you think I will your
    serious and great business scant, For she with me.


Shak.

2. Since; because; introducing a reason of something before advanced, a
cause, motive, explanation, justification, or the like, of an action
related or a statement made. It is logically nearly equivalent to
since, or because, but connects less closely, and is sometimes used as
a very general introduction to something suggested by what has gone
before.

    Give thanks unto the Lord; for he is good; for his mercy endureth
    forever.


Ps. cxxxvi. 1.

    Heaven doth with us as we with torches do, Not light them for
    themselves; for if our virtues Did not go forth of us, 't were all
    alike As if we had them not.


Shak.

For because, because. [Obs.] "Nor for because they set less store by
their own citizens." Robynson (More's Utopia). -- For why. (a) Why; for
that reason; wherefore. [Obs.] (b) Because. [Obs.] See Forwhy.

Syn. -- See Because.

For, n. One who takes, or that which is said on, the affrimative side;
that which is said in favor of some one or something; -- the antithesis
of against, and commonly used in connection with it.

The fors and against. those in favor and those opposed; the pros and
the cons; the advantages and the disadvantages. Jane Austen.

For"age (?; 48), n. [OF. fourage, F. fourrage, fr. forre, fuerre,
fodder, straw, F. feurre, fr. LL. foderum, fodrum, of German or Scand,
origin; cf. OHG. fuotar, G. futter. See Fodder food, and cf. Foray.] 1.
The act of foraging; search for provisions, etc.

    He [the lion] from forage will incline to play.


Shak.

    One way a band select from forage drives A herd of beeves, fair
    oxen and fair kine.


Milton.

    Mawhood completed his forage unmolested.


Marshall.

2. Food of any kind for animals, especially for horses and cattle, as
grass, pasture, hay, corn, oats. Dryden.

Forage cap. See under Cap. -- Forage master (Mil.), a person charged
with providing forage and the means of transporting it. Farrow.

For"age, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Foraged ; p. pr. & vb. n. Foraging (?).]
To wander or rove in search of food; to collect food, esp. forage, for
horses and cattle by feeding on or stripping the country; to ravage; to
feed on spoil.

    His most mighty father on a hill Stood smiling to behold his lion's
    whelp Forage in blood of French nobility.


Shak.

Foraging ant (Zoˆl.), one of several species of ants of the genus
Eciton, very abundant in tropical America, remarkable for marching in
vast armies in search of food. -- Foraging cap, a forage cap. --
Foraging party, a party sent out after forage.

For"age (?), v. t. To strip of provisions; to supply with forage; as,
to forage steeds. Pope.

For"a*ger (?), n. One who forages.

For"a*lite (?), n. [L. forare to bore + -lite.] (Geol.) A tubelike
marking, occuring in sandstone and other strata.

||Fo*ra"men (?), n.; pl. L. Foramina (#), E. Foramines (#). [L., fr.
||forare to bore, pierce.] A small opening, perforation, or orifice; a
||fenestra.

Foramen of Monro (Anat.), the opening from each lateral into the third
ventricle of the brain. -- Foramen of Winslow (Anat.), the opening
connecting the sac of the omentum with the general cavity of the
peritoneum.

Fo*ram"i*na`ted (?), a. [L. foraminatus.] Having small opening, or
foramina.

For`a*min"i*fer (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Foraminifera.

||Fo*ram`i*nif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. foramen, -aminis, a
||foramen + ferre to bear.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive order of rhizopods
||which generally have a chambered calcareous shell formed by several
||united zooids. Many of them have perforated walls, whence the name.
||Some species are covered with sand. See Rhizophoda.

Fo*ram`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. 1. Having small openings, or foramina.

2. Pertaining to, or composed of, Foraminifera; as, foraminiferous mud.

Fo*ram"i*nous (?), a. [L. foraminosus.] Having foramina; full of holes;
porous. Bacon.

For`as*much" (?), conj. In consideration that; seeing that; since;
because that; -- followed by as. See under For, prep.

For"ay (fr" or f*r"; 277), n. [Another form of forahe. Cf. Forray.] A
sudden or irregular incursion in border warfare; hence, any irregular
incursion for war or spoils; a raid. Spenser.

    The huge Earl Doorm, . . . Bound on a foray, rolling eyes of prey.


Tennyson.

For"ay, v. t. To pillage; to ravage.

    He might foray our lands.


Sir W. Scott.

For"ay*er (? or ?), n. One who makes or joins in a foray.

    They might not choose the lowland road, For the Merse forayers were
    abroad.


Sir W. Scott.

For*bade" (?), imp. of Forbid.

For*bathe", v. t. To bathe. [Obs.]

For*bear" (fr*b‚r"), n. [See Fore, and Bear to produce.] An ancestor; a
forefather; -- usually in the plural. [Scot.] "Your forbears of old."
Sir W. Scott.

For*bear" (fr*b‚r"), v. i. [imp. Forbore (?) (Forbare (&?;), [Obs.]);
p. p. Forborne (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forbearing.] [OE. forberen, AS.
forberan; pref. for- + beran to bear. See Bear to support.] 1. To
refrain from proceeding; to pause; to delay.

    Shall I go against Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I forbear?


1 Kings xxii. 6.

2. To refuse; to decline; to give no heed.

    Thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, or
    whether they will forbear.


Ezek. ii. 7.

3. To control one's self when provoked.

    The kindest and the happiest pair Will find occasion to forbear.


Cowper.

    Both bear and forbear.


Old Proverb.

For*bear", v. t. 1. To keep away from; to avoid; to abstain from; to
give up; as, to forbear the use of a word of doubtful propriety.

    But let me that plunder forbear.


Shenstone.

    The King In open battle or the tilting field Forbore his own
    advantage.


Tennyson.

2. To treat with consideration or indulgence.

    Forbearing one another in love.


Eph. iv. 2.

3. To cease from bearing. [Obs.]

    Whenas my womb her burden would forbear.


Spenser.

For*bear"ance (?), n. The act of forbearing or waiting; the exercise of
patience.

    He soon shall find Forbearance no acquittance ere day end.


Milton.

2. The quality of being forbearing; indulgence toward offenders or
enemies; long-suffering.

    Have a continent forbearance, till the speed of his rage goes
    slower.


Shak.

Syn. -- Abstinence; refraining; lenity; mildness.

For*bear"ant (?), a. Forbearing. [R.] Carlyle.

For*bear"er (?), n. One who forbears. Tusser.

For*bear"ing, a. Disposed or accustomed to forbear; patient;
long-suffering. -- For*bear"ing*ly, adv.

<! p. 582 !>

For*bid" (fr*bd"), v. t. [imp. Forbade (-bd"); p. p. Forbidden
(-bd"d'n) (Forbid, [Obs.]); p. pr. & vb. n. Forbidding (?).] [OE.
forbeden, AS. forbeÛdan; pref. for- + beÛdan to bid; akin to D.
verbieden, G. verbieten, Icel. fyrirbja, forboa, Sw. fˆrbjuda, Dan.
forbyde. See Bid, v. t.] 1. To command against, or contrary to; to
prohibit; to interdict.

    More than I have said . . . The leisure and enforcement of the time
    Forbids to dwell upon.


Shak.

2. To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express command; to command
not to enter.

    Have I not forbid her my house?


Shak.

3. To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an effectual command; as, an
impassable river forbids the approach of the army.

    A blaze of glory that forbids the sight.


Dryden.

4. To accurse; to blast. [Obs.]

    He shall live a man forbid.


Shak.

5. To defy; to challenge. [Obs.] L. Andrews.

Syn. -- To prohibit; interdict; hinder; preclude; withhold; restrain;
prevent. See Prohibit.

For*bid" (?), v. i. To utter a prohibition; to prevent; to hinder. "I
did not or forbid." Milton.

For*bid"dance (?), n. The act of forbidding; prohibition; command or
edict against a thing. [Obs.]

    How hast thou yield to transgress The strict forbiddance.


Milton.

For*bid"den (?), a. Prohibited; interdicted.

    I know no spells, use no forbidden arts.


Milton.

Forbidden fruit. (a) Any coveted unlawful pleasure, -- so called with
reference to the forbidden fruit of the Garden of Eden. (b) (Bot.) A
small variety of shaddock (Citrus decumana). The name is given in
different places to several varieties of Citrus fruits.

For*bid"den*ly, adv. In a forbidden or unlawful manner. Shak.

For*bid"der (?), n. One who forbids. Milton.

For*bid"ding (?), a. Repelling approach; repulsive; raising abhorrence,
aversion, or dislike; disagreeable; prohibiting or interdicting; as, a
forbidding aspect; a forbidding formality; a forbidding air.

Syn. -- Disagreeable; unpleasant; displeasing; offensive; repulsive;
odious; abhorrent.

-- For*bid"ding*ly, adv. -- For*bid"ding*ness, n.

For*black" (?), a. Very black. [Obs.]

    As any raven's feathers it shone forblack.


Chaucer.

For*bo"den (?), obs. p. p. of Forbid. Chaucer.

For*bore" (?), imp. of Forbear.

For*borne" (?), p. p. of Forbear.

For*bruise" (?), v. t. To bruise sorely or exceedingly. [Obs.]

    All forbrosed, both back and side.


Chaucer.

For*by" (?), adv. & prep. [See Foreby.] Near; hard by; along; past.
[Obs.]

    To tell her if her child went ought forby.


Chaucer.

    To the intent that ships may pass along forby all the sides of the
    city without let.


Robynson (More's Utopia).

For*carve" (?), v. t. To cut completely; to cut off. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Force (?), v. t. [See Farce to stuff.] To stuff; to lard; to farce.
[R.]

    Wit larded with malice, and malice forced with wit.


Shak.

Force, n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. fors, foss, Dan. fos.] A
waterfall; a cascade. [Prov. Eng.]

    To see the falls for force of the river Kent.


T. Gray.

Force, n. [F. force, LL. forcia, fortia, fr. L. fortis strong. See
Fort, n.] 1. Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigor;
might; often, an unusual degree of strength or energy; capacity of
exercising an influence or producing an effect; especially, power to
persuade, or convince, or impose obligation; pertinency; validity;
special signification; as, the force of an appeal, an argument, a
contract, or a term.

    He was, in the full force of the words, a good man.


Macaulay.

2. Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power; violence;
coercion.

    Which now they hold by force, and not by right.


Shak.

3. Strength or power for war; hence, a body of land or naval
combatants, with their appurtenances, ready for action; -- an armament;
troops; warlike array; -- often in the plural; hence, a body of men
prepared for action in other ways; as, the laboring force of a
plantation.

    Is Lucius general of the forces?


Shak.

4. (Law) (a) Strength or power exercised without law, or contrary to
law, upon persons or things; violence. (b) Validity; efficacy. Burrill.

5. (Physics) Any action between two bodies which changes, or tends to
change, their relative condition as to rest or motion; or, more
generally, which changes, or tends to change, any physical relation
between them, whether mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical,
magnetic, or of any other kind; as, the force of gravity; cohesive
force; centrifugal force.

Animal force (Physiol.), muscular force or energy. -- Catabiotic force
[Gr. &?; down (intens.) + &?; life.] (Biol.), the influence exerted by
living structures on adjoining cells, by which the latter are developed
in harmony with the primary structures. -- Centrifugal force,
Centripetal force, Coercive force, etc. See under Centrifugal,
Centripetal, etc. -- Composition of forces, Correlation of forces, etc.
See under Composition, Correlation, etc. -- Force and arms [trans. of
L. vi et armis] (Law), an expression in old indictments, signifying
violence. -- In force, or Of force, of unimpaired efficacy; valid; of
full virtue; not suspended or reversed. "A testament is of force after
men are dead." Heb. ix. 17. -- Metabolic force (Physiol.), the
influence which causes and controls the metabolism of the body. -- No
force, no matter of urgency or consequence; no account; hence, to do no
force, to make no account of; not to heed. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Of force,
of necessity; unavoidably; imperatively. "Good reasons must, of force,
give place to better." Shak. -- Plastic force (Physiol.), the force
which presumably acts in the growth and repair of the tissues. -- Vital
force (Physiol.), that force or power which is inherent in
organization; that form of energy which is the cause of the vital
phenomena of the body, as distinguished from the physical forces
generally known.

Syn. -- Strength; vigor; might; energy; stress; vehemence; violence;
compulsion; coaction; constraint; coercion. -- Force, Strength.
Strength looks rather to power as an inward capability or energy. Thus
we speak of the strength of timber, bodily strength, mental strength,
strength of emotion, etc. Force, on the other hand, looks more to the
outward; as, the force of gravitation, force of circumstances, force of
habit, etc. We do, indeed, speak of strength of will and force of will;
but even here the former may lean toward the internal tenacity of
purpose, and the latter toward the outward expression of it in action.
But, though the two words do in a few cases touch thus closely on each
other, there is, on the whole, a marked distinction in our use of force
and strength. "Force is the name given, in mechanical science, to
whatever produces, or can produce, motion." Nichol.

    Thy tears are of no force to mollify This flinty man.


Heywood.

    More huge in strength than wise in works he was.


Spenser.

    Adam and first matron Eve Had ended now their orisons, and found
    Strength added from above, new hope to spring Out of despair.


Milton.

Force (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forcing
(?).] [OF. forcier, F. forcer, fr. LL. forciare, fortiare. See Force,
n.] 1. To constrain to do or to forbear, by the exertion of a power not
resistible; to compel by physical, moral, or intellectual means; to
coerce; as, masters force slaves to labor.

2. To compel, as by strength of evidence; as, to force conviction on
the mind.

3. To do violence to; to overpower, or to compel by violence to one's
will; especially, to ravish; to violate; to commit rape upon.

    To force their monarch and insult the court.


Dryden.

    I should have forced thee soon wish other arms.


Milton.

    To force a spotless virgin's chastity.


Shak.

4. To obtain or win by strength; to take by violence or struggle;
specifically, to capture by assault; to storm, as a fortress.

5. To impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by main strength or
violence; -- with a following adverb, as along, away, from, into,
through, out, etc.

    It stuck so fast, so deeply buried lay That scarce the victor
    forced the steel away.


Dryden.

    To force the tyrant from his seat by war.


Sahk.

    Ethelbert ordered that none should be forced into religion.


Fuller.

6. To put in force; to cause to be executed; to make binding; to
enforce. [Obs.]

    What can the church force more?


J. Webster.

7. To exert to the utmost; to urge; hence, to strain; to urge to
excessive, unnatural, or untimely action; to produce by unnatural
effort; as, to force a conceit or metaphor; to force a laugh; to force
fruits.

    High on a mounting wave my head I bore, Forcing my strength, and
    gathering to the shore.


Dryden.

8. (Whist) To compel (an adversary or partner) to trump a trick by
leading a suit of which he has none.

9. To provide with forces; to reÎnforce; to strengthen by soldiers; to
man; to garrison. [Obs.] Shak.

10. To allow the force of; to value; to care for. [Obs.]

    For me, I force not argument a straw.


Shak.

Syn. -- To compel; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce; drive;
press; impel.

Force, v. i. [Obs. in all the senses.] 1. To use violence; to make
violent effort; to strive; to endeavor.

    Forcing with gifts to win his wanton heart.


Spenser.

2. To make a difficult matter of anything; to labor; to hesitate;
hence, to force of, to make much account of; to regard.

    Your oath once broke, you force not to forswear.


Shak.

    I force not of such fooleries.


Camden.

3. To be of force, importance, or weight; to matter.

    It is not sufficient to have attained the name and dignity of a
    shepherd, not forcing how.


Udall.

Forced (?), a. Done or produced with force or great labor, or by
extraordinary exertion; hurried; strained; produced by unnatural effort
or pressure; as, a forced style; a forced laugh.

Forced draught. See under Draught. -- Forced march (Mil.), a march of
one or more days made with all possible speed.

-- For"ced*ly (#), adv. -- For"ced*ness, n.

Force"ful (?), a. Full of or processing force; exerting force; mighty.
-- Force"ful*ly, adv.

    Against the steed he threw His forceful spear.


Dryden.

Force"less, a. Having little or no force; feeble.

    These forceless flowers like sturdy trees support me.


Shak.

Force"meat` (?), n. [Corrupt. for farce-meat, fr. F. farce stuffing.
See Farce, n.] (Cookery) Meat chopped fine and highly seasoned, either
served up alone, or used as a stuffing. [Written also forced meat.]

Force"ment (?), n. The act of forcing; compulsion. [Obs.]

    It was imposed upon us by constraint; And will you count such
    forcement treachery?


J. Webster.

For"ceps (?), n. [L. forceps, -cipis, from the root of formus Hot +
capere to take; akin to E. heave. Cf. Furnace.] 1. A pair of pinchers,
or tongs; an instrument for grasping, holding firmly, or exerting
traction upon, bodies which it would be inconvenient or impracticable
to seize with the fingers, especially one for delicate operations, as
those of watchmakers, surgeons, accoucheurs, dentists, etc.

2. (Zoˆl.) The caudal forceps- shaped appendage of earwigs and some
other insects. See Earwig.

Dressing forceps. See under Dressing.

Force" pump` (?). (Mach.) (a) A pump having a solid piston, or plunger,
for drawing and forcing a liquid, as water, through the valves; in
distinction from a pump having a bucket, or valved piston. (b) A pump
adapted for delivering water at a considerable height above the pump,
or under a considerable pressure; in distinction from one which lifts
the water only to the top of the pump or delivers it through a spout.
See Illust. of Plunger pump, under Plunger.

For"cer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, forces or drives.

2. (Mech.) (a) The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by
which water is forced in a pump. (b) A small hand pump for sinking
pits, draining cellars, etc.

For"ci*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. forcible forcible, forceable that may be
forced.] 1. Possessing force; characterized by force, efficiency, or
energy; powerful; efficacious; impressive; influential.

    How forcible are right words!


Job. vi. 2&?;.

    Sweet smells are most forcible in dry substances, when broken.


Bacon.

    But I have reasons strong and forcible.


Shak.

    That punishment which hath been sometimes forcible to bridle sin.


Hooker.

    He is at once elegant and sublime, forcible and ornamented.


Lowth (Transl. )

2. Violent; impetuous.

    Like mingled streams, more forcible when joined.


Prior.

3. Using force against opposition or resistance; obtained by
compulsion; effected by force; as, forcible entry or abduction.

    In embraces of King James . . . forcible and unjust.


Swift.

Forcible entry and detainer (Law), the entering upon and taking and
withholding of land and tenements by actual force and violence, and
with a strong hand, to the hindrance of the person having the right to
enter.

Syn. -- Violent; powerful; strong; energetic; mighty; potent; weighty;
impressive; cogent; influential.

For"ci*ble-fee`ble (?), a. [From Feeble, a character in the Second Part
of Shakespeare's "King Henry IV.," to whom Falstaff derisively applies
the epithet "forcible."] Seemingly vigorous, but really weak or
insipid.

    He [Prof. Ayton] would purge his book of much offensive matter, if
    he struck out epithets which are in the bad taste of the
    forcible-feeble school.


N. Brit. Review.

For"ci*ble*ness, n. The quality of being forcible.

For"ci*bly, adv. In a forcible manner.

For"cing (?), n. 1. The accomplishing of any purpose violently,
precipitately, prematurely, or with unusual expedition.

2. (Gardening) The art of raising plants, flowers, and fruits at an
earlier season than the natural one, as in a hitbed or by the use of
artificial heat.

Forcing bed or pit, a plant bed having an under layer of fermenting
manure, the fermentation yielding bottom heat for forcing plants; a
hotbed. -- Forcing engine, a fire engine. -- Forcing fit (Mech.), a
tight fit, as of one part into a hole in another part, which makes it
necessary to use considerable force in putting the two parts together.
-- Forcing house, a greenhouse for the forcing of plants, fruit trees,
etc. -- Forcing machine, a powerful press for putting together or
separating two parts that are fitted tightly one into another, as for
forcing a crank on a shaft, or for drawing off a car wheel from the
axle. -- Forcing pump. See Force pump (b).

For"ci*pal (?), a. Forked or branched like a pair of forceps;
constructed so as to open and shut like a pair of forceps. Sir T.
Browne.

{ For"ci*pate (?), For"ci*pa`ted (?) }, a. Like a pair of forceps; as,
a forcipated mouth.

For`ci*pa"tion (?), n. Torture by pinching with forceps or pinchers.
Bacon.

For*cut" (?), v. t. To cut completely; to cut off. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ford (frd), n. [AS. ford; akin to G. furt, Icel. fjˆrr bay, and to E.
fare. &radic; 78. See Fare, v. i., and cf. Frith arm of the sea.] 1. A
place in a river, or other water, where it may be passed by man or
beast on foot, by wading.

    He swam the Esk river where ford there was none.


Sir W. Scott.

2. A stream; a current.

    With water of the ford Or of the clouds.


Spenser.

    Permit my ghost to pass the Stygian ford.


Dryden.

Ford, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forded; p. pr. & vb. n. Fording.] To pass or
cross, as a river or other water, by wading; to wade through.

    His last section, which is no deep one, remains only to be forted.


Milton.

Ford"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being forded. -- Ford"a*ble*ness, n.

Ford"less, a. Without a ford.

    A deep and fordless river.


Mallock.

For*do" (?), v. t. [OE. fordon, AS. ford&?;n; pref. for- + d&?;n to do.
See For-, and Do, v. i.] 1. To destroy; to undo; to ruin. [Obs.]

    This is the night That either makes me or fordoes me quite.


Shak.

2. To overcome with fatigue; to exhaust. M. Arnold.

    All with weary task fordone.


Shak.

For*done" (?), a. [See Fordo.] Undone; ruined. [Obs.] Spenser.

For*drive" (?), v. t. To drive about; to drive here and there. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.

For*drunk"en (?), a. Utterly drunk; very drunk. [Obs.] Chaucer.

For*dry" (?), a. Entirely dry; withered. [Obs.] "A tree fordry."
Chaucer.

For*dwine" (?), v. i. To dwindle away; to disappear. [Obs.] Rom of R.

Fore, n. [AS. f&?;r, fr. faran to go. See Fare, v. i.] Journey; way;
method of proceeding. [Obs.] "Follow him and his fore." Chaucer.

<! p. 583 !>

Fore, adv. [AS. fore, adv. & prep., another form of for. See For, and
cf. Former, Foremost.] 1. In the part that precedes or goes first; --
opposed to aft, after, back, behind, etc.

2. Formerly; previously; afore. [Obs. or Colloq.]

    The eyes, fore duteous, now converted are.


Shak.

3. (Naut.) In or towards the bows of a ship.

Fore and aft (Naut.), from stem to stern; lengthwise of the vessel; --
in distinction from athwart. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Fore-and-aft rigged
(Naut.), not rigged with square sails attached to yards, but with sails
bent to gaffs or set on stays in the midship line of the vessel. See
Schooner, Sloop, Cutter.

Fore (?), a. [See Fore, adv.] Advanced, as compared with something
else; toward the front; being or coming first, in time, place, order,
or importance; preceding; anterior; antecedent; earlier; forward; --
opposed to back or behind; as, the fore part of a garment; the fore
part of the day; the fore and of a wagon.

    The free will of the subject is preserved, while it is directed by
    the fore purpose of the state.


Southey.

Fore is much used adjectively or in composition.

Fore bay, a reservoir or canal between a mill race and a water wheel;
the discharging end of a pond or mill race. -- Fore body
(Shipbuilding), the part of a ship forward of the largest
cross-section, distinguished from middle body and after body. -- Fore
boot, a receptacle in the front of a vehicle, for stowing baggage, etc.
-- Fore bow, the pommel of a saddle. Knight. -- Fore cabin, a cabin in
the fore part of a ship, usually with inferior accommodations. -- Fore
carriage. (a) The forward part of the running gear of a four-wheeled
vehicle. (b) A small carriage at the front end of a plow beam. -- Fore
course (Naut.), the lowermost sail on the foremost of a square-rigged
vessel; the foresail. See Illust. under Sail. -- Fore door. Same as
Front door. -- Fore edge, the front edge of a book or folded sheet,
etc. -- Fore elder, an ancestor. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fore end. (a) The end
which precedes; the earlier, or the nearer, part; the beginning.

    I have . . . paid More pious debts to heaven, than in all The fore
    end of my time.


Shak.

(b) In firearms, the wooden stock under the barrel, forward of the
trigger guard, or breech frame. -- Fore girth, a girth for the fore
part (of a horse, etc.); a martingale. -- Fore hammer, a sledge hammer,
working alternately, or in time, with the hand hammer. -- Fore leg, one
of the front legs of a quadruped, or multiped, or of a chair, settee,
etc. -- Fore peak (Naut.), the angle within a ship's bows; the portion
of the hold which is farthest forward. -- Fore piece, a front piece, as
the flap in the fore part of a sidesaddle, to guard the rider's dress.
-- Fore plane, a carpenter's plane, in size and use between a jack
plane and a smoothing plane. Knight. -- Fore reading, previous perusal.
[Obs.] Hales. -- Fore rent, in Scotland, rent payable before a crop is
gathered. -- Fore sheets (Naut.), the forward portion of a rowboat; the
space beyond the front thwart. See Stern sheets. -- Fore shore. (a) A
bank in advance of a sea wall, to break the force of the surf. (b) The
seaward projecting, slightly inclined portion of a breakwater. Knight.
(c) The part of the shore between high and low water marks. -- Fore
sight, that one of the two sights of a gun which is near the muzzle. --
Fore tackle (Naut.), the tackle on the foremast of a ship. -- Fore
topmast. (Naut.) See Fore-topmast, in the Vocabulary. - - Fore wind, a
favorable wind. [Obs.]

    Sailed on smooth seas, by fore winds borne.


Sandys.

-- Fore world, the antediluvian world. [R.] Southey.

Fore, n. The front; hence, that which is in front; the future.

At the fore (Naut.), at the fore royal masthead; -- said of a flag, so
raised as a signal for sailing, etc. -- To the fore. (a) In advance; to
the front; to a prominent position; in plain sight; in readiness for
use. (b) In existence; alive; not worn out, lost, or spent, as money,
etc. [Irish] "While I am to the fore." W. Collins. "How many captains
in the regiment had two thousand pounds to the fore?" Thackeray.

Fore, prep. Before; -- sometimes written 'fore as if a contraction of
afore or before. [Obs.]

Fore`ad*mon"ish (?), v. t. To admonish beforehand, or before the act or
event. Bp. Hall.

Fore`ad*vise" (?), v. t. To advise or counsel before the time of
action, or before the event. Shak.

Fore`al*lege" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forealleged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Forealleging (?).] To allege or cite before. Fotherby.

Fore`ap*point" (?), v. t. To set, order, or appoint, beforehand.
Sherwood.

Fore`ap*point"ment (?), n. Previous appointment; preordinantion.
Sherwood.

Fore*arm" (?), v. t. To arm or prepare for attack or resistance before
the time of need. South.

Fore"arm` (?), n. (Anat.) That part of the arm or fore limb between the
elbow and wrist; the antibrachium.

Fore"beam` (?), n. The breast beam of a loom.

Fore*bear" (?), n. An ancestor. See Forbear.

Fore*bode" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foreboded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Foreboding.] [AS. forebodian; fore + bodian to announce. See Bode v.
t.] 1. To foretell.

2. To be prescient of (some ill or misfortune); to have an inward
conviction of, as of a calamity which is about to happen; to augur
despondingly.

    His heart forebodes a mystery.


Tennyson.

    Sullen, desponding, and foreboding nothing but wars and desolation,
    as the certain consequence of CÊsar's death.


Middleton.

    I have a sort of foreboding about him.


H. James.

Syn. -- To foretell; predict; prognosticate; augur; presage; portend;
betoken.

Fore*bode", v. i. To foretell; to presage; to augur.

    If I forebode aright.


Hawthorne.

Fore*bode", n. Prognostication; presage. [Obs.]

Fore*bode"ment (?), n. The act of foreboding; the thing foreboded.

Fore*bod"er (?), n. One who forebodes.

Fore*bod"ing, n. Presage of coming ill; expectation of misfortune.

Fore*bod"ing*ly, adv. In a foreboding manner.

Fore"brace` (?), n. (Naut.) A rope applied to the fore yardarm, to
change the position of the foresail.

Fore"brain` (?), n. (Anat.) The anterior of the three principal
divisions of the brain, including the prosencephalon and
thalamencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the prosencephalon only. See
Brain.

Fore*by" (?), prep. [Fore + by.] Near; hard by; along; past. See Forby.
Spenser.

Fore*cast" (?), v. t. 1. To plan beforehand; to scheme; to project.

    He shall forecast his devices against the strongholds.


Dan. xi. 24.

2. To foresee; to calculate beforehand, so as to provide for.

    It is wisdom to consider the end of things before we embark, and to
    forecast consequences.


L'Estrange.

Fore*cast", v. i. To contrive or plan beforehand.

    If it happen as I did forecast.


Milton.

Fore"cast (?), n. Previous contrivance or determination;
predetermination.

    He makes this difference to arise from the forecast and
    predetermination of the gods themselves.


Addison.

2. Foresight of consequences, and provision against them; prevision;
premeditation.

    His calm, deliberate forecast better fitted him for the council
    than the camp.


Prescott.

Fore*cast"er (?), n. One who forecast. Johnson.

Fore"cas`tle (?; sailors say &?;), n. (Naut.) (a) A short upper deck
forward, formerly raised like a castle, to command an enemy's decks.
(b) That part of the upper deck of a vessel forward of the foremast, or
of the after part of the fore channels. (c) In merchant vessels, the
forward part of the vessel, under the deck, where the sailors live.

Fore`cho"sen (?), a. Chosen beforehand.

Fore"cit`ed (?), a. Cited or quoted before or above. Arbuthnot.

Fore*close" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foreclosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foreclosing (?).] [F. forclos, p. p. of forclore to exclude; OF. fors,
F. hors, except, outside (fr. L. foris outside) + F. clore to close.
See Foreign, and Close, v. t.] To shut up or out; to preclude; to stop;
to prevent; to bar; to exclude.

    The embargo with Spain foreclosed this trade.


Carew.

To foreclose a mortgager (Law), to cut him off by a judgment of court
from the power of redeeming the mortgaged premises, termed his equity
of redemption. -- To foreclose a mortgage, (not technically correct,
but often used to signify) the obtaining a judgment for the payment of
an overdue mortgage, and the exposure of the mortgaged property to sale
to meet the mortgage debt. Wharton.

Fore*clo"sure (?; 135), n. The act or process of foreclosing; a
proceeding which bars or extinguishes a mortgager's right of redeeming
a mortgaged estate.

Fore`con*ceive" (?), v. t. To preconceive; to imagine beforehand.
[Obs.] Bacon.

Fore*date" (?), v. t. To date before the true time; to antedate.

Fore"deck` (?), n. (Naut.) The fore part of a deck, or of a ship.

Fore*deem" (?), v. t. To recognize or judge in advance; to forebode.
[Obs.] Udall.

    Laugh at your misery, as foredeeming you An idle meteor.


J. Webster.

Fore*deem", v. i. [Cf. Foredoom.] To know or discover beforehand; to
foretell. [Obs.]

    Which [maid] could guess and foredeem of things past, present, and
    to come.


Genevan Test.

Fore`de*sign" (? or ?), v. t. To plan beforehand; to intend previously.
Cheyne.

Fore`de*ter"mine (?), v. t. To determine or decree beforehand. Bp.
Hopkins.

Fore`dis*pose" (?), v. t. To bestow beforehand. [R.]

    King James had by promise foredisposed the place on the Bishop of
    Meath.


Fuller.

Fore*doom" (?), v. t. [Cf. Foredeem.] To doom beforehand; to
predestinate.

    Thou art foredoomed to view the Stygian state.


Dryden.

Fore"doom` (?), n. Doom or sentence decreed in advance. "A dread
foredoom ringing in the ears of the guilty adult." Southey.

Fore"fa`ther (?; 277), n. One who precedes another in the line of
genealogy in any degree, but usually in a remote degree; an ancestor.

    Respecting your forefathers, you would have been taught to respect
    yourselves.


Burke.

Forefathers' Day, the anniversary of the day (December 21) on which the
Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620). On account of
a mistake in reckoning the change from Old Style to New Style, it has
generally been celebrated on the 22d.

Fore*feel" (?), v. t. To feel beforehand; to have a presentiment of.
[Obs.]

    As when, with unwieldy waves, the great sea forefeels winds.


Chapman.

Fore`fence" (?), n. Defense in front. [Obs.]

Fore*fend" (?), v. t. [OE. forfenden; pref. for- + fenden to fend. See
Fend, v. t.] To hinder; to fend off; to avert; to prevent the approach
of; to forbid or prohibit. See Forfend.

    God forefend it should ever be recorded in our history.


Landor.

    It would be a far better work . . . to forefend the cruelty.


I. Taylor.

Fore"fin`ger (?), n. The finger next to the thumb; the index.

Fore*flow" (?), v. t. To flow before. [Obs.]

Fore"foot` (?), n. 1. One of the anterior feet of a quadruped or
multiped; -- usually written fore foot.

2. (Shipbuilding) A piece of timber which terminates the keel at the
fore end, connecting it with the lower end of the stem.

Fore"front` (?), n. Foremost part or place.

    Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle.


2 Sam. xi. 15.

    Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, standing in the forefront for all time,
    the masters of those who know.


J. C. Shairp.

Fore"game` (?), n. A first game; first plan. [Obs.] Whitlock.

Fore"gang`er (?), n. [Prop., a goer before cf. G. voreg‰nger. See Fore,
and Gang.] (Naut.) A short rope grafted on a harpoon, to which a longer
line may be attached. Totten.

Fore*gath"er (?), v. i. Same as Forgather.

Fore"gift` (?), n. (Law) A premium paid by a lessee when taking his
lease.

Fore"gleam` (?), n. An antecedent or premonitory gleam; a dawning
light.

    The foregleams of wisdom.


Whittier.

Fore*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Forewent 2; p. p. Foregone (?; 115); p. pr. &
vb. n. Foregoing.] [See Forgo.] 1. To quit; to relinquish; to leave.

    Stay at the third cup, or forego the place.


Herbert.

2. To relinquish the enjoyment or advantage of; to give up; to resign;
to renounce; -- said of a thing already enjoyed, or of one within
reach, or anticipated.

    All my patrimony,, If need be, I am ready to forego.


Milton.

    Thy lovers must their promised heaven forego.


Keble.

    [He] never forewent an opportunity of honest profit.


R. L. Stevenson.

Forgo is the better spelling etymologically, but the word has been
confused with Forego, to go before.

Fore*go", v. t. [AS. foregn; fore + gn to go; akin to G. vorgehen to go
before, precede. See Go, v. i.] To go before; to precede; -- used
especially in the present and past participles.

    Pleasing remembrance of a thought foregone.


Wordsworth.

    For which the very mother's face forewent The mother's special
    patience.


Mrs. Browning.

Foregone conclusion, one which has preceded argument or examination;
one predetermined.

Fore*go"er (?), n. 1. One who goes before another; a predecessor;
hence, an ancestor; a progenitor.

2. A purveyor of the king; -- so called, formerly, from going before to
provide for his household. [Obs.]

Fore*go"er, n. [Etymologically forgoer.] One who forbears to enjoy.

Fore"ground` (?), n. On a painting, and sometimes in a bas-relief,
mosaic picture, or the like, that part of the scene represented, which
is nearest to the spectator, and therefore occupies the lowest part of
the work of art itself. Cf. Distance, n., 6.

Fore*guess" (?), v. t. To conjecture. [Obs.]

Fore"gut` (?), n. (Anat.) The anterior part of the alimentary canal,
from the mouth to the intestine, or to the entrance of the bile duct.

Fore"hand` (?), n. 1. All that part of a horse which is before the
rider. Johnson.

2. The chief or most important part. Shak.

3. Superiority; advantage; start; precedence.

    And, but for ceremony, such a wretch . . . Had the forehand and
    vantage of a king.


Shak.

Fore"hand`, a. Done beforehand; anticipative.

    And so extenuate the forehand sin.


Shak.

Fore"hand`ed, a. 1. Early; timely; seasonable. "Forehanded care." Jer.
Taylor.

2. Beforehand with one's needs, or having resources in advance of one's
necessities; in easy circumstances; as, a forehanded farmer. [U.S.]

3. Formed in the forehand or fore parts.

    A substantial, true-bred beast, bravely forehanded.


Dryden.

Fore"head (?; 277), n. 1. The front of that part of the head which
incloses the brain; that part of the face above the eyes; the brow.

2. The aspect or countenance; assurance.

    To look with forehead bold and big enough Upon the power and
    puissance of the king.


Shak.

3. The front or fore part of anything.

    Flames in the forehead of the morning sky.


Milton.

    So rich advantage of a promised glory As smiles upon the forehead
    of this action.


Shak.

Fore*hear" (?), v. i. & t. To hear beforehand.

Fore"hearth` (?), n. (Metal.) The forward extension of the hearth of a
blast furnace under the tymp.

Fore*hend" (?), v. t. See Forhend. [Obs.]

Fore*hew" (?), v. t. To hew or cut in front. [Obs.] Sackville.

Fore"hold` (?), n. (Naut.) The forward part of the hold of a ship.

Fore*hold"ing (?), n. Ominous foreboding; superstitious
prognostication. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Fore"hook` (?), n. (Naut.) A piece of timber placed across the stem, to
unite the bows and strengthen the fore part of the ship; a breast hook.

For"eign (?), a. [OE. forein, F. forain, LL. foraneus, fr. L. foras,
foris, out of doors, abroad, without; akin to fores doors, and E. door.
See Door, and cf. Foreclose, Forfeit, Forest, Forum.] 1. Outside;
extraneous; separated; alien; as, a foreign country; a foreign
government. "Foreign worlds." Milton.

2. Not native or belonging to a certain country; born in or belonging
to another country, nation, sovereignty, or locality; as, a foreign
language; foreign fruits. "Domestic and foreign writers." Atterbury.

    Hail, foreign wonder! Whom certain these rough shades did never
    breed.


Milton.

3. Remote; distant; strange; not belonging; not connected; not
pertaining or pertient; not appropriate; not harmonious; not agreeable;
not congenial; -- with to or from; as, foreign to the purpose; foreign
to one's nature.

    This design is not foreign from some people's thoughts.


Swift.

4. Held at a distance; excluded; exiled. [Obs.]

    Kept him a foreign man still; which so grieved him, That he ran mad
    and died.


Shak.

Foreign attachment (Law), a process by which the property of a foreign
or absent debtor is attached for the satisfaction of a debt due from
him to the plaintiff; an attachment of the goods, effects, or credits
of a debtor in the hands of a third person; -- called in some States
trustee, in others factorizing, and in others garnishee process. Kent.
Tomlins. Cowell. -- Foreign bill, a bill drawn in one country, and
payable in another, as distinguished from an inland bill, which is one
drawn and payable in the same country. In this latter, as well as in
several other points of view, the different States of the United States
are foreign to each other. See Exchange, n., 4. Kent. Story. -- Foreign
body (Med.), a substance occurring in any part of the body where it
does not belong, and usually introduced from without. - - Foreign
office, that department of the government of Great Britain which has
charge British interests in foreign countries.

<! p. 584 !>

Syn. -- Outlandish; alien; exotic; remote; distant; extraneous;
extrinsic.

For"eign*er (?), n. A person belonging to or owning allegiance to a
foreign country; one not native in the country or jurisdiction under
consideration, or not naturalized there; an alien; a stranger.

    Joy is such a foreigner, So mere a stranger to my thoughts.


Denham.

    Nor could the majesty of the English crown appear in a greater
    luster, either to foreigners or subjects.


Swift.

For"eign*ism (?), n. Anything peculiar to a foreign language or people;
a foreign idiom or custom.

    It is a pity to see the technicalities of the so- called liberal
    professions distigured by foreignisms.


Fitzed. Hall.

For"eign*ness, n. The quality of being foreign; remoteness; want of
relation or appropriateness.

    Let not the foreignness of the subject hinder you from endeavoring
    to set me right.


Locke.

    A foreignness of complexion.


G. Eliot.

For"ein (?), a. Foreign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fore*judge" (?), v. t. [Fore + judge.] To judge beforehand, or before
hearing the facts and proof; to prejudge.

Fore*judge", v. t. [For forjudge, fr. F. forjuger; OF. fors outside,
except + F. juger to judge.] (O. Eng. Law) To expel from court for some
offense or misconduct, as an attorney or officer; to deprive or put out
of a thing by the judgment of a court. Burrill.

Fore*judg"er (?), n. (Eng. Law) A judgment by which one is deprived or
put out of a right or thing in question.

Fore*judg"ment (?), n. Prejudgment. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fore*know" (?), v. t. [imp. Foreknew (?); p. p. Foreknown (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Foreknowing.] To have previous knowledge of; to know beforehand.

    Who would the miseries of man foreknow?


Dryden.

Fore*know"a*ble (?), a. That may be foreknown. Dr. H. More.

Fore*know"er (?), n. One who foreknows.

Fore*know"ing*ly, adv. With foreknowledge.

    He who . . . foreknowingly loses his life.


Jer. Taylor.

Fore*knowl"edge (?), n. Knowledge of a thing before it happens, or of
whatever is to happen; prescience.

    If I foreknew, Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault.


Milton.

For"el (?), n. [OE. forelcase, sheath, OF. forel, fourel, F. fourreau,
LL. forellus, fr. OF. forre, fuerre, sheath, case, of German origin;
cf. OHG. fuotar, akin to Goth. fdr; prob. not the same word as E.
fodder food. Cf. Fur, Fodder food.] A kind of parchment for book
covers. See Forrill.

For"el, v. t. To bind with a forel. [R.] Fuller.

Fore"land` (?), n. 1. A promontory or cape; a headland; as, the North
and South Foreland in Kent, England.

2. (Fort.) A piece of ground between the wall of a place and the moat.
Farrow.

3. (Hydraul. Engin.) That portion of the natural shore on the outside
of the embankment which receives the stock of waves and deadens their
force. Knight.

Fore*lay" (?), v. t. 1. To lay down beforehand.

    These grounds being forelaid and understood.


Mede.

2. To waylay. See Forlay. [Obs.]

Fore*lead"er (?), n. One who leads others by his example; a guide.

Fore*lend" (?), v. t. See Forlend. [Obs.]

    As if that life to losse they had forelent.


Spenser.

Fore*let" (?), v. t. See Forlet. [Obs.] Holland.

Fore*lie" (?), v. i. To lie in front of. [Obs.]

    Which forelay Athwart her snowy breast.


Spenser.

Fore*lift" (?), v. t. To lift up in front. [Obs.]

Fore"lock` (?), n. 1. The lock of hair that grows from the forepart of
the head.

2. (Mech.) A cotter or split pin, as in a slot in a bolt, to prevent
retraction; a linchpin; a pin fastening the cap-square of a gun.

Forelock bolt, a bolt retained by a key, gib, or cotter passing through
a slot. -- Forelock hook (Rope Making), a winch or whirl by which a
bunch of three yarns is twisted into a standard. Knight. -- To take
time, or occasion, by the forelock, to make prompt use of anything; not
to let slip an opportunity.

    Time is painted with a lock before and bald behind, signifying
    thereby that we must take time by the forelock; for when it is once
    past, there is no recalling it.


Swift.

    On occasion's forelock watchful wait.


Milton.

Fore*look" (?), v. i. To look beforehand or forward. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fore"man (?), n.; pl. Foremen (&?;). The first or chief man; as: (a)
The chief man of a jury, who acts as their speaker. (b) The chief of a
set of hands employed in a shop, or on works of any kind, who
superintends the rest; an overseer.

Fore"mast` (?), n. (Naut.) The mast nearest the bow.

Foremast hand or man (Naut.), a common sailor; also, a man stationed to
attend to the gear of the foremast.

Fore*meant" (?), a. Intended beforehand; premeditated. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fore"men`tioned (?), a. Mentioned before; already cited;
aforementioned. Addison.

Fore"milk` (?), n. (Physiol.) The milk secreted just before, or
directly after, the birth of a child or of the young of an animal;
colostrum.

Fore"most` (?), a. [OE. formest first, AS. formest, fyrmest, superl. of
forma first, which is a superl. fr. fore fore; cf. Goth. frumist,
fruma, first. See Fore, adv., and cf. First, Former, Frame, v. t.,
Prime, a.] First in time or place; most advanced; chief in rank or
dignity; as, the foremost troops of an army.

    THat struck the foremost man of all this world.


Shak.

Fore"most`ly, adv. In the foremost place or order; among the foremost.
J. Webster.

Fore"moth`er (?), n. A female ancestor.

Fore"name` (?), n. A name that precedes the family name or surname; a
first name. Selden.

Fore"name`, v. t. To name or mention before. Shak.

Fore"named` (?), a. Named before; aforenamed.

Fore*nenst" (?), prep. [See Fore, and Anent.] Over against; opposite
to. [Now dialectic]

    The land forenenst the Greekish shore.


Fairfax.

Fore"-night` (?), n. The evening between twilight and bedtime. [Scot.]

Fore"noon" (?), n. The early part of the day, from morning to meridian,
or noon.

Fore"no`tice (?), n. Notice or information of an event before it
happens; forewarning. [R.] Rymer.

Fo*ren"sal (?), a. Forensic. [R.]

Fo*ren"sic (?), a. [L. forensis, fr. forum a public place, market
place. See Forum.] Belonging to courts of judicature or to public
discussion and debate; used in legal proceedings, or in public
discussions; argumentative; rhetorical; as, forensic eloquence or
disputes.

Forensic medicine, medical jurisprudence; medicine in its relations to
law.

Fo*ren"sic, n. (Amer. Colleges) An exercise in debate; a forensic
contest; an argumentative thesis.

Fo*ren"sic*al (?), a. Forensic. Berkley.

Fore`or*dain" (?), v. t. To ordain or appoint beforehand; to preordain;
to predestinate; to predetermine. Hooker.

Fore*or"di*nate (?), v. t. To foreordain.

Fore*or`di*na"tion (?), n. Previous ordination or appointment;
predetermination; predestination.

{ Fore" part` (?), or Fore"part` }, n. The part most advanced, or first
in time or in place; the beginning.

Fore"past` (?), a. Bygone. [Obs.] Shak.

Fore`pos*sessed" (?), a. 1. Holding or held formerly in possession.
[Obs.]

2. Preoccupied; prepossessed; preÎngaged. [Obs.]

    Not extremely forepossessed with prejudice.


Bp. Sanderson.

Fore*prize" (?), v. t. To prize or rate beforehand. [Obs.] Hooker.

Fore`prom"ised (?), a. Promised beforehand; preÎngaged. Bp. Hall.

Fore"quot`ed (?), a. Cited before; quoted in a foregoing part of the
treatise or essay.

Fore*ran" (?), imp. of Forerun.

Fore"rank` (?), n. The first rank; the front.

Fore*reach" (?), v. t. (Naut.) To advance or gain upon; -- said of a
vessel that gains upon another when sailing closehauled.

Fore*reach", v. i. (Naut.) To shoot ahead, especially when going in
stays. R. H. Dana, Jr.

Fore*read" (?), v. t. To tell beforehand; to signify by tokens; to
predestine. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fore`re*cit"ed (?), a. Named or recited before. "The forerecited
practices." Shak.

Fore`re*mem"bered (?), a. Called to mind previously. Bp. Montagu.

Fore"right` (?), a. Ready; directly forward; going before. [Obs.] "A
foreright wind." Chapman.

Fore"right`, adv. Right forward; onward. [Obs.]

Fore*run" (?), v. t. 1. To turn before; to precede; to be in advance of
(something following).

2. To come before as an earnest of something to follow; to introduce as
a harbinger; to announce.

    These signs forerun the death or fall of kings.


Shak.

Fore*run"ner (?), n. 1. A messenger sent before to give notice of the
approach of others; a harbinger; a sign foreshowing something; a
prognostic; as, the forerunner of a fever.

    Whither the forerunner in for us entered, even Jesus.


Heb. vi. 20.

    My elder brothers, my forerunners, came.


Dryden.

2. A predecessor; an ancestor. [Obs.] Shak.

3. (Naut.) A piece of rag terminating the log line.

Fore"said` (?), a. Mentioned before; aforesaid.

Fore"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) (a) The sail bent to the foreyard of a
square- rigged vessel, being the lowest sail on the foremast. (b) The
gaff sail set on the foremast of a schooner. (c) The fore staysail of a
sloop, being the triangular sail next forward of the mast.

Fore*say" (?), v. t. [AS. foresecgan; fore + secgan to say. See Say, v.
t.] To foretell. [Obs.]

    Her danger nigh that sudden change foresaid.


Fairfax.

Fore*see" (?), v. t. [AS. foreseÛn; fore + seÛn to see. See See, v. t.]
1. To see beforehand; to have prescience of; to foreknow.

    A prudent man foreseeth the evil.


Prov. xxii. 3.

2. To provide. [Obs.]

    Great shoals of people, which go on to populate, without foreseeing
    means of life.


Bacon.

Fore*see", v. i. To have or exercise foresight. [Obs.]

Fore*seen" (?), conj., or (strictly) p. p. Provided; in case that; on
condition that. [Obs.]

    One manner of meat is most sure to every complexion, foreseen that
    it be alway most commonly in conformity of qualities, with the
    person that eateth.


Sir T. Elyot.

Fore*se"er (?), n. One who foresees or foreknows.

Fore*seize" (?), v. t. To seize beforehand.

Fore*shad"ow (?), v. t. To shadow or typi&?;y beforehand; to prefigure.
Dryden.

Fore*shew" (?), v. t. See Foreshow.

Fore"ship` (?), n. The fore part of a ship. [Obs.]

Fore*short"en (?), v. t. 1. (Fine Art) To represent on a plane surface,
as if extended in a direction toward the spectator or nearly so; to
shorten by drawing in perspective.

2. Fig.: To represent pictorially to the imagination.

    Songs, and deeds, and lives that lie Foreshortened in the tract of
    time.


Tennyson.

Fore*short"en*ing, n. (Fine Arts) Representation in a foreshortened
mode or way.

Fore"shot` (?), n. In distillation of low wines, the first portion of
spirit that comes over, being a fluid abounding in fusel oil. Knight.

Fore*show" (?), v. t. [AS. foresce·wian to foresee, provide; fore +
sce·wian to see. See Show, v. t.] To show or exhibit beforehand; to
give foreknowledge of; to prognosticate; to foretell.

    Your looks foreshow You have a gentle heart.


Shak.

    Next, like Aurora, Spenser rose, Whose purple blush the day
    foreshows.


Denham.

Fore*show"er (?), n. One who predicts.

Fore"side (?), n. 1. The front side; the front; esp., a stretch of
country fronting the sea.

2. The outside or external covering. Spenser.

Fore"sight` (?), n. 1. The act or the power of foreseeing; prescience;
foreknowledge. Milton.

2. Action in reference to the future; provident care; prudence; wise
forethought.

    This seems an unseasonable foresight.


Milton.

    A random expense, without plan or foresight.


Burke.

3. (Surv.) Any sight or reading of the leveling staff, except the
backsight; any sight or bearing taken by a compass or theodolite in a
forward direction.

4. (Gun.) Muzzle sight. See Fore sight, under Fore, a.

Fore"sight`ed (?), a. Sagacious; prudent; provident for the future.
Bartram.

Fore"sight`ful (?), a. Foresighted. [Obs.]

Fore*sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. To signify beforehand; to foreshow; to
typify. Milton.

Fore"skin (?), n. (Anat.) The fold of skin which covers the glans of
the penis; the prepuce.

Fore"skirt` (?), n. The front skirt of a garment, in distinction from
the train.

    Honor's train Is longer than his foreskirt.


Shak.

Fore*slack" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Forslack.

Fore"sleeve` (?), n. The sleeve below the elbow.

Fore*slow" (?), v. t. [See Forslow.] To make slow; to hinder; to
obstruct. [Obs.] See Forslow, v. t.

    No stream, no wood, no mountain could foreslow Their hasty pace.


Fairfax.

Fore*slow", v. i. To loiter. [Obs.] See Forslow, v. i.

Fore*speak" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Forspeak.

Fore*speak", v. t. To foretell; to predict. [Obs.]

    My mother was half a witch; never anything that she forespake but
    came to pass.


Beau. & Fl.

Fore"speak`ing, n. A prediction; also, a preface. [Obs.] Camden.
Huloet.

Fore"speech` (?), n. A preface. [Obs.] Sherwood.

Fore*spent" (?), a. [Fore + spent.] Already spent; gone by; past.
[Obs.] Shak.

Fore*spent", a. [Obs.] See Forspent.

Fore*spur"rer (?), n. One who rides before; a harbinger. [Obs.] Shak.

For"est (?), n. [OF. forest, F. forÍt, LL. forestis, also, forestus,
forestum, foresta, prop., open ground reserved for the chase, fr. L.
foris, foras, out of doors, abroad. See Foreign.] 1. An extensive wood;
a large tract of land covered with trees; in the United States, a wood
of native growth, or a tract of woodland which has never been
cultivated.

2. (Eng. Law) A large extent or precinct of country, generally waste
and woody, belonging to the sovereign, set apart for the keeping of
game for his use, not inclosed, but distinguished by certain limits,
and protected by certain laws, courts, and officers of its own.
Burrill.

For"est, a. Of or pertaining to a forest; sylvan.

Forest fly. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of numerous species of blood-sucking flies,
of the family TabanidÊ, which attack both men and beasts. See Horse
fly. (b) A fly of the genus Hippobosca, esp. H. equina. See Horse tick.
-- Forest glade, a grassy space in a forest. Thomson. -- Forest laws,
laws for the protection of game, preservation of timber, etc., in
forests. -- Forest tree, a tree of the forest, especially a timber
tree, as distinguished from a fruit tree.

For"est, v. t. To cover with trees or wood.

Fore"staff` (?), n. (Naut.) An instrument formerly used at sea for
taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies, now superseded by the sextant;
-- called also cross-staff. Brande & C.

For"est*age (?), n. [Cf. F. forestage.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A duty or
tribute payable to the king's foresters. (b) A service paid by
foresters to the king.

For"est*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to forests; as, forestal rights.

Fore*stall" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forestalled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Forestalling.] [OE. forstallen to stop, to obstruct; to stop (goods) on
the way to the market by buying them beforehand, from forstal
obstruction, AS. forsteal, foresteall, prop., a placing one's self
before another. See Fore, and Stall.] 1. To take beforehand, or in
advance; to anticipate.

    What need a man forestall his date of grief, And run to meet what
    he would most avoid?


Milton.

2. To take possession of, in advance of some one or something else, to
the exclusion or detriment of the latter; to get ahead of; to
preoccupy; also, to exclude, hinder, or prevent, by prior occupation,
or by measures taken in advance.

<! p. 585 !>

    An ugly serpent which forestalled their way.


Fairfax.

    But evermore those damsels did forestall Their furious encounter.


Spenser.

    To be forestalled ere we come to fall.


Shak.

    Habit is a forestalled and obstinate judge.


Rush.

3. To deprive; -- with of. [R.]

    All the better; may This night forestall him of the coming day!


Shak.

4. (Eng. Law) To obstruct or stop up, as a way; to stop the passage of
on highway; to intercept on the road, as goods on the way to market.

To forestall the market, to buy or contract for merchandise or
provision on its way to market, with the intention of selling it again
at a higher price; to dissuade persons from bringing their goods or
provisions there; or to persuade them to enhance the price when there.
This was an offense at law in England until 1844. Burrill.

Syn. -- To anticipate; monopolize; engross.

Fore*stall"er (?), n. One who forestalls; esp., one who forestalls the
market. Locke.

Fore"stay` (?), n. (Naut.) A large, strong rope, reaching from the
foremast head to the bowsprit, to support the mast. See Illust. under
Ship.

For"est*er (?), n. [F. forestier, LL. forestarius.] 1. One who has
charge of the growing timber on an estate; an officer appointed to
watch a forest and preserve the game.

2. An inhabitant of a forest. Wordsworth.

3. A forest tree. [R.] Evelyn.

4. (Zoˆl.) A lepidopterous insect belonging to Alypia and allied
genera; as, the eight-spotted forester (A. octomaculata), which in the
larval state is injurious to the grapevine.

Fore"stick` (?), n. Front stick of a hearth fire.

For"est*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF. foresterie.] The art of forming or of
cultivating forests; the management of growing timber.

{ Fore"swart` (?), Fore"swart` (?), } a. [Obs.] See Forswat.

Fore"taste` (?), n. A taste beforehand; enjoyment in advance;
anticipation.

Fore*taste" (?), v. t. 1. To taste before full possession; to have
previous enjoyment or experience of; to anticipate.

2. To taste before another. "Foretasted fruit." Milton.

Fore"tast`er (? or ?), n. One who tastes beforehand, or before another.

Fore*teach" (?), v. t. To teach beforehand. [Obs.]

Fore*tell" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foretold (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foretelling.] To predict; to tell before occurence; to prophesy; to
foreshow.

    Deeds then undone my faithful tongue foretold.


Pope.

    Prodigies, foretelling the future eminence and luster of his
    character.


C. Middleton.

Syn. -- To predict; prophesy; prognosticate; augur.

Fore*tell", v. i. To utter predictions. Acts iii. 24.

Fore*tell"er (?), n. One who predicts. Boyle.

Fore*think" (?), v. t. 1. To think beforehand; to anticipate in the
mind; to prognosticate. [Obs.]

    The soul of every man Prophetically doth forethink thy fall.


Shak.

2. To contrive (something) beforehend. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Fore*think", v. i. To contrive beforehand. [Obs.]

Fore"thought` (?), a. Thought of, or planned, beforehand; aforethought;
prepense; hence, deliberate. "Forethought malice." Bacon.

Fore"thought`, n. A thinking or planning beforehand; prescience;
premeditation; forecast; provident care.

    A sphere that will demand from him forethought, courage, and
    wisdom.


I. Taylor.

Fore"thought`ful (?), a. Having forethought. [R.]

Fore"time` (?), n. The past; the time before the present. "A very dim
foretime." J. C. Shairp.

Fore"to`ken (?), n. [AS. foretcen. See Token.] Prognostic; previous
omen. Sir P. Sidney.

Fore*to"ken (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foretokened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foretokening (?).] [AS. foretcnian; fore + tcnian.] To foreshow; to
presignify; to prognosticate.

    Whilst strange prodigious signs foretoken blood.


Daniel.

Fore" tooth` (?), pl. Fore teeth (&?;). (Anat.) One of the teeth in the
forepart of the mouth; an incisor.

Fore"top` (?), n. 1. The hair on the forepart of the head; esp., a tuft
or lock of hair which hangs over the forehead, as of a horse.

2. That part of a headdress that is in front; the top of a periwig.

3. (Naut.) The platform at the head of the foremast.

Fore`-top*gal"lant (? or ?), a. (Naut.) Designating the mast, sail,
yard, etc., above the topmast; as, the fore-topgallant sail. See Sail.

Fore`-top"mast (?), n. (Naut.) The mast erected at the head of the
foremast, and at the head of which stands the fore-topgallant mast. See
Ship.

Fore`-top"sail (? or ?), n. (Naut.) See Sail.

For*ev"er (fr*v"r), adv. [For, prep. + ever.] 1. Through eternity;
through endless ages; eternally.

2. At all times; always.

In England, for and ever are usually written and printed as two
separate words; but, in the United States, the general practice is to
make but a single word of them.

Forever and ever, an emphatic "forever."

Syn. -- Constantly; continually; invariably; unchangeably; incessantly;
always; perpetually; unceasingly; ceaselessly; interminably;
everlastingly; endlessly; eternally.

Fore*vouched" (fr*voucht"), a. Formerly vouched or avowed; affirmed in
advance. [R.] Shak.

Fore"ward` (fr"wrd`), n. The van; the front. [Obs.]

    My foreward shall be drawn out all in length, Consisting equally of
    horse and foot.


Shak.

Fore*warn" (fr*wrn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forewarned (-wrnd"); p. pr. &
vb. n. Forewarning.] To warn beforehand; to give previous warning,
admonition, information, or notice to; to caution in advance.

    We were forewarned of your coming.


Shak.

Fore*waste" (?), v. t. See Forewaste. Gascoigne.

Fore*wend" (?), v. t. [Fore + wend.] To go before. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fore*wish" (?), v. t. To wish beforehand.

Fore"wit` (?), n. 1. A leader, or would-be leader, in matters of
knowledge or taste. [Obs.]

    Nor that the forewits, that would draw the rest unto their liking,
    always like the best.


B. Jonson.

2. Foresight; prudence.

    Let this forewit guide thy thought.


Southwell.

Fore*wite" (?), v. t. [pres. indic. sing., 1st & 3d pers. Forewot (?),
2d person Forewost (&?;), pl. Forewiten (&?;); imp. sing. Forewiste
(?), pl. Forewisten (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Forewiting (?).] [AS.
forewitan. See Wit to know.] To foreknow. [Obs.] [Written also
forwete.] Chaucer.

Fore"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Forewomen (&?;). A woman who is chief; a woman
who has charge of the work or workers in a shop or other place; a head
woman. Tatler. W. Besant.

Fore"word` (?), n. A preface. Furnvall.

Fore*worn" (?), a. [See Forworn.] Worn out; wasted; used up. [Archaic]

    Old foreworn stories almost forgotten.


Brydges.

Fore*wot" (?), pres. indic., 1st & 3d pers. sing. of Forewite. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Fore"yard` (?), n. (Naut.) The lowermost yard on the foremast. [See
Illust. of Ship.]

For"fal*ture (?), n. Forfeiture. [Obs.]

For"feit (?), n. [OE. forfet crime, penalty, F. forfait crime (LL.
forefactum, forifactum), prop. p. p. of forfaire to forfeit,
transgress, fr. LL. forifacere, prop., to act beyond; L. foris out of
doors, abroad, beyond + facere to do. See Foreign, and Fact.] 1.
Injury; wrong; mischief. [Obs. & R.]

    To seek arms upon people and country that never did us any forfeit.


Ld. Berners.

2. A thing forfeit or forfeited; what is or may be taken from one in
requital of a misdeed committed; that which is lost, or the right to
which is alienated, by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of
contract; hence, a fine; a mulct; a penalty; as, he who murders pays
the forfeit of his life.

    Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal Remit thy other forfeits.


Shak.

3. Something deposited and redeemable by a sportive fine; -- whence the
game of forfeits.

    Country dances and forfeits shortened the rest of the day.


Goldsmith.

For"feit, a. [F. forfait, p. p. of forfaire. See Forfeit, n.] Lost or
alienated for an offense or crime; liable to penal seizure.

    Thy wealth being forfeit to the state.


Shak.

    To tread the forfeit paradise.


Emerson.

For"feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forfeited; p. pr. & vb. n. Forfeiting.]
[OE. forfeten. See Forfeit, n.] To lose, or lose the right to, by some
error, fault, offense, or crime; to render one's self by misdeed liable
to be deprived of; to alienate the right to possess, by some neglect or
crime; as, to forfeit an estate by treason; to forfeit reputation by a
breach of promise; -- with to before the one acquiring what is
forfeited.

    [They] had forfeited their property by their crimes.


Burke.

    Undone and forfeited to cares forever!


Shak.

For"feit, v. i. 1. To be guilty of a misdeed; to be criminal; to
transgress. [Obs.]

2. To fail to keep an obligation. [Obs.]

    I will have the heart of him if he forfeit.


Shak.

For"feit, p. p. or a. In the condition of being forfeited; subject to
alienation. Shak.

    Once more I will renew His lapsËd powers, though forfeite.


Milton.

For"feit*a*ble (?), a. Liable to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture.

    For the future, uses shall be subject to the statutes of mortmain,
    and forfeitable, like the lands themselves.


Blackstone.

For"feit*er (?), n. One who incurs a penalty of forfeiture.

For"fei*ture (?; 135), n. [F. forfeiture, LL. forisfactura.] 1. The act
of forfeiting; the loss of some right, privilege, estate, honor,
office, or effects, by an offense, crime, breach of condition, or other
act.

    Under pain of foreiture of the said goods.


Hakluyt.

2. That which is forfeited; a penalty; a fine or mulct.

    What should I gain By the exaction of the forfeiture?


Shak.

Syn. -- Fine; mulct; amercement; penalty.

For*fend" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + fend. See Forewend.] To prohibit; to
forbid; to avert. [Archaic]

    Which peril heaven forefend!


Shak.

This is etymologically the preferable spelling.

For*fer"ed (?), p. p. & a. [See For- , and Fear.] Excessively alarmed;
in great fear. [Obs.] "Forfered of his death." Chaucer.

For"fete (?), v. i. [See Forfeit.] To incur a penalty; to transgress.
[Obs.]

    And all this suffered our Lord Jesus Christ that never forfeted.


Chaucer.

||For"fex (?), n. [L.] A pair of shears. Pope.

For"fi*cate (?), a. [L. forfex, forficis, shears.] (Zoˆl.) Deeply
forked, as the tail of certain birds.

||For*fic"u*la (?), n. [L., small shears, scissors, dim. of forfex
||shears.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of insects including the earwigs. See
||Earwig, 1.

For*gath"er (?), v. i. To convene; to gossip; to meet accidentally.
[Scot.] Jamieson.

    Within that circle he forgathered with many a fool.


Wilson.

For*gave" (?), imp. of Forgive.

Forge (frj), n. [F. forge, fr. L. fabrica the workshop of an artisan
who works in hard materials, fr. faber artisan, smith, as adj.,
skillful, ingenious; cf. Gr. &?; soft, tender. Cf. Fabric.] 1. A place
or establishment where iron or other metals are wrought by heating and
hammering; especially, a furnace, or a shop with its furnace, etc.,
where iron is heated and wrought; a smithy.

    In the quick forge and working house of thought.


Shak.

2. The works where wrought iron is produced directly from the ore, or
where iron is rendered malleable by puddling and shingling; a shingling
mill.

3. The act of beating or working iron or steel; the manufacture of
metallic bodies. [Obs.]

    In the greater bodies the forge was easy.


Bacon.

American forge, a forge for the direct production of wrought iron,
differing from the old Catalan forge mainly in using finely crushed ore
and working continuously. Raymond. -- Catalan forge. (Metal.) See under
Catalan. -- Forge cinder, the dross or slag form a forge or bloomary.
-- Forge rolls, Forge train, the train of rolls by which a bloom is
converted into puddle bars. -- Forge wagon (Mil.), a wagon fitted up
for transporting a blackmith's forge and tools. -- Portable forge, a
light and compact blacksmith's forge, with bellows, etc., that may be
moved from place to place.

Forge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forged (frjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Forging (?).]
[F. forger, OF. forgier, fr. L. fabricare, fabricari, to form, frame,
fashion, from fabrica. See Forge, n., and cf. Fabricate.] 1. To form by
heating and hammering; to beat into any particular shape, as a metal.

    Mars's armor forged for proof eterne.


Shak.

2. To form or shape out in any way; to produce; to frame; to invent.

    Those names that the schools forged, and put into the mouth of
    scholars, could never get admittance into common use.


Locke.

    Do forge a life-long trouble for ourselves.


Tennyson.

3. To coin. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. To make falsely; to produce, as that which is untrue or not genuine;
to fabricate; to counterfeit, as, a signature, or a signed document.

    That paltry story is untrue, And forged to cheat such gulls as you.


Hudibras.

    Forged certificates of his . . . moral character.


Macaulay.

Syn. -- To fabricate; counterfeit; feign; falsify.

Forge, v. i. [See Forge, v. t., and for sense 2, cf. Forge compel.] 1.
To commit forgery.

2. (Naut.) To move heavily and slowly, as a ship after the sails are
furled; to work one's way, as one ship in outsailing another; -- used
especially in the phrase to forge ahead. Totten.

    And off she [a ship] forged without a shock.


De Quincey.

Forge, v. t. (Naut.) To impel forward slowly; as, to forge a ship
forward.

Forge"man (?), n.; pl. Forgemen (&?;). A skilled smith, who has a
hammerer to assist him.

For"ger (?), n.[Cf. F. forgeur metal worker, L. fabricator artificer.
See Forge, n. & v. t., and cf. Fabricator.] One who forges, makes, of
forms; a fabricator; a falsifier.

2. Especially: One guilty of forgery; one who makes or issues a
counterfeit document.

For"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Forgeries (#). [Cf. F. forgerie.] 1. The act of
forging metal into shape. [Obs.]

    Useless the forgery Of brazen shield and spear.


Milton.

2. The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; esp., the
crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature
purporting to be made by another; the false making or material
alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of
deceit and fraud; as, the forgery of a bond. Bouvier.

3. That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised, or counterfeited.

    These are the forgeries of jealously.


Shak.

    The writings going under the name of Aristobulus were a forgery of
    the second century.


Waterland.

Syn. -- Counterfeit; Forgery. Counterfeit is chiefly used of imitations
of coin, or of paper money, or of securities depending upon pictorial
devices and engraved designs for identity or assurance of genuineness.
Forgery is more properly applied to making a false imitation of an
instrument depending on signatures to show genuineness and validity.
Abbott.

<! p. 586 !>

For*get" (?), v. t. [imp. Forgot (?) (Forgat (&?;), Obs.); p. p.
Forgotten (?), Forgot; p. pr. & vb. n. Forgetting.] [OE. forgeten,
foryeten, AS. forgietan, forgitan; pref. for- + gietan, gitan (only in
comp.), to get; cf. D. vergeten, G. vergessen, Sw. fˆrg‰ta, Dan.
forgiette. See For-, and Get, v. t.] 1. To lose the remembrance of; to
let go from the memory; to cease to have in mind; not to think of;
also, to lose the power of; to cease from doing.

    Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits.


Ps. ciii. 2.

    Let my right hand forget her cunning.


Ps. cxxxvii. 5.

    Hath thy knee forget to bow?


Shak.

2. To treat with inattention or disregard; to slight; to neglect.

    Can a woman forget her sucking child? . . . Yes, they may forget,
    yet will I not forget thee.


Is. xlix. 15.

To forget one's self. (a) To become unmindful of one's own personality;
to be lost in thought. (b) To be entirely unselfish. (c) To be guilty
of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity, temper, or
self-control.

For*get"ful (?), a. 1. Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; as, a
forgetful man should use helps to strengthen his memory.

2. Heedless; careless; neglectful; inattentive.

    Be not forgetful to entertain strangers.


Heb. xiii. 2.

3. Causing to forget; inducing oblivion; oblivious. [Archaic or Poetic]
"The forgetful wine." J. Webster.

For*get"ful*ly, adv. In a forgetful manner.

For*get"ful*ness, n. 1. The quality of being forgetful; prononess to
let slip from the mind.

2. Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing to remember;
oblivion.

    A sweet forgetfulness of human care.


Pope.

3. Failure to bear in mind; careless omission; inattention; as,
forgetfulness of duty.

Syn. -- Forgetfulnes, Oblivion. Forgetfulness is Anglo-Saxon, and
oblivion is Latin. The former commonly has reference to persons, and
marks a state of mind; the latter commonly has reference to things, and
indicates a condition into which they are sunk. We blame a man for his
forgetfulness; we speak of some old custom as buried in oblivion. But
this discrimination is not strictly adhered to.

For"ge*tive (?), a. [From Forge.] Inventive; productive; capable.
[Obs.] Shak.

For*get"-me-not` (?), n. [Cf. G. vergissmeinnicht.] (Bot.) A small
herb, of the genus Myosotis (M. palustris, incespitosa, etc.), bearing
a beautiful blue flower, and extensively considered the emblem of
fidelity.

Formerly the name was given to the Ajuga ChamÊpitus.

For*get"ta*ble (?), a. Liable to be, or that may be, forgotten.
Carlyle.

For*get"ter (?), n. One who forgets; a heedless person. Johnson.

For*get"ting*ly, adv. By forgetting.

For"ging (?), n. 1. The act of shaping metal by hammering or pressing.

2. The act of counterfeiting.

3. (Mach.) A piece of forged work in metal; -- a general name for a
piece of hammered iron or steel.

    There are very few yards in the world at which such forgings could
    be turned out.


London Times.

For*giv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being forgiven; pardonable; venial.
Sherwood.

For*give" (?), v. t. [imp. Forgave (?); p. p. Forgiven (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Forgiving] [OE. forgiven, foryiven, foryeven, AS. forgiefan,
forgifan; perh. for-  + giefan, gifan to give; cf. D. vergeven, G.
vergeben, Icel. fyrirgefa, Sw. f&?;rgifva, Goth. fragiban to give,
grant. See For-, and Give, v. t.] 1. To give wholly; to make over
without reservation; to resign.

    To them that list the world's gay shows I leave, And to great ones
    such folly do forgive.


Spenser.

2. To give up resentment or claim to requital on account of (an offense
or wrong); to remit the penalty of; to pardon; -- said in reference to
the act forgiven.

    And their sins should be forgiven them.


Mark iv. 12.

    He forgive injures so readily that he might be said to invite them.


Macaulay.

3. To cease to feel resentment against, on account of wrong committed;
to give up claim to requital from or retribution upon (an offender); to
absolve; to pardon; -- said of the person offending.

    Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.


Luke xxiii. 34.

    I as free forgive you, as I would be fforgiven.


Shak.

Sometimes both the person and the offense follow as objects of the
verb, sometimes one and sometimes the other being the indirect object.
"Forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors." Matt. vi. 12. "Be of
good cheer; thy sins be forgiven thee." Matt. ix. 2.

Syn. -- See excuse.

For*give"ness, n. [AS. forgifnes.] 1. The act of forgiving; the state
of being forgiven; as, the forgiveness of sin or of injuries.

    To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgivenesses.


Dan. ix. 9.

    In whom we have . . . the forgiveness of sin.


Eph. i. 7.

2. Disposition to pardon; willingness to forgive.

    If thou, Lord, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand?
    But there is forgiveness with thee, that thou mayest be feared.


Ps. cxxx. 3, 4.

Syn. -- Pardon, remission. -- Forgiveness, Pardon. Forgiveness is
Anglo-Saxon, and pardon Norman French, both implying a giving back. The
word pardon, being early used in our Bible, has, in religious matters,
the same sense as forgiveness; but in the language of common life there
is a difference between them, such as we often find between
corresponding Anglo-Saxon and Norman words. Forgive points to inward
feeling, and suppose alienated affection; when we ask forgiveness, we
primarily seek the removal of anger. Pardon looks more to outward
things or consequences, and is often applied to trifling matters, as
when we beg pardon for interrupting a man, or for jostling him in a
crowd. The civil magistrate also grants a pardon, and not forgiveness.
The two words are, therefore, very clearly distinguished from each
other in most cases which relate to the common concerns of life.

For*giv"er (?), n. One who forgives. Johnson.

For*giv"ing, a. Disposed to forgive; inclined to overlook offenses;
mild; merciful; compassionate; placable; as, a forgiving temper.

-- For*giv"ing*ly, adv. -- For*giv"ing*ness, n. J. C. Shairp.

For*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Forwent; p. p. Forgone; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forgoing.] [OE. forgan, forgon, forgoon, AS. forgn, prop., to go past,
hence, to abstain from; pref. for- + gn to go; akin to G. vergehen to
pass away, to transgress. See Go, v. i.] To pass by; to leave. See 1st
Forego.

    For sith [since] I shall forgoon my liberty At your request.


Chaucer.

    And four [days] since Florimell the court forwent.


Spenser.

This word in spelling has been confused with, and almost superseded by,
forego to go before. Etymologically the form forgo is correct.

For*got" (?), imp. & p. p. of Forget.

For*got"ten (?), p. p. of Forget.

For*hall" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + hale to draw.] To harass; to
torment; to distress. [Obs.] Spenser.

For*hend" (?), v. t. To seize upon. [Obs.]

Fo*rin"se*cal (?), a. [L. forinsecus from without.] Foreign; alien.
[Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forisfamiliated (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Forisfamiliating (?).] [LL. forisfamiliatus, p. p. of
forisfamiliater to forisfamiliate; L. foris abroad, without + familia
family.] (LAw) Literally, to put out of a family; hence, to portion
off, so as to exclude further claim of inheritance; to emancipate (as a
with his own consent) from paternal authority. Blackstone.

Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate, v. i. (Law) To renounce a legal title to a further
share of paternal inheritance.

Fo`ris*fa*mil`i*a"tion (?), n. (Law) The act of forisfamiliating.

Fork (fÙrk), n. [AS. forc, fr. L. furca. Cf. FourchÈ, Furcate.] 1. An
instrument consisting of a handle with a shank terminating in two or
more prongs or tines, which are usually of metal, parallel and slightly
curved; -- used for piercing, holding, taking up, or pitching anything.

2. Anything furcate or like a fork in shape, or furcate at the
extremity; as, a tuning fork.

3. One of the parts into which anything is furcated or divided; a
prong; a branch of a stream, a road, etc.; a barbed point, as of an
arrow.

    Let it fall . . . though the fork invade The region of my heart.


Shak.

    A thunderbolt with three forks.


Addison.

4. The place where a division or a union occurs; the angle or opening
between two branches or limbs; as, the fork of a river, a tree, or a
road.

5. The gibbet. [Obs.] Bp. Butler.

Fork beam (Shipbuilding), a half beam to support a deck, where
hatchways occur. -- Fork chuck (Wood Turning), a lathe center having
two prongs for driving the work. -- Fork head. (a) The barbed head of
an arrow. (b) The forked end of a rod which forms part of a knuckle
joint. -- In fork. (Mining) A mine is said to be in fork, or an engine
to "have the water in fork," when all the water is drawn out of the
mine. Ure. -- The forks of a river or a road, the branches into which
it divides, or which come together to form it; the place where
separation or union takes place.

Fork, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Forked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forking.] 1. To
shoot into blades, as corn.

    The corn beginneth to fork.


Mortimer.

2. To divide into two or more branches; as, a road, a tree, or a stream
forks.

Fork, v. t. To raise, or pitch with a fork, as hay; to dig or turn over
with a fork, as the soil.

    Forking the sheaves on the high-laden cart.


Prof. Wilson.

To fork over or out, to hand or pay over, as money. [Slang] G. Eliot.

Fork"beard` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A European fish (Raniceps raninus),
having a large flat head; -- also called tadpole fish, and lesser
forked beard. (b) The European forked hake or hake's-dame (Phycis
blennoides); -- also called great forked beard.

Forked (?), a. 1. Formed into a forklike shape; having a fork; dividing
into two or more prongs or branches; furcated; bifurcated; zigzag; as,
the forked lighting.

    A serpent seen, with forked tongue.


Shak.

2. Having a double meaning; ambiguous; equivocal.

Cross forked (Her.), a cross, the ends of whose arms are divided into
two sharp points; -- called also cross double fitchÈ. A cross forked of
three points is a cross, each of whose arms terminates in three sharp
points. -- Forked counsel, advice pointing more than one way; ambiguous
advice. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

-- Fork"ed*ly (#), adv. -- Fork"ed*ness, n.

For*kerve (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Forcarve, v. t.

Fork"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state or dividing in a forklike
manner.

Fork"less, a. Having no fork.

Fork"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of several Asiatic and East Indian
passerine birds, belonging to Enucurus, and allied genera. The tail is
deeply forked. (b) A salmon in its fourth year's growth. [Prov. Eng.]

Fork"-tailed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having the outer tail feathers longer
than the median ones; swallow-tailed; -- said of many birds.

Fork-tailed flycatcher (Zoˆl.), a tropical American flycatcher
(Milvulus tyrannus). - - Fork-tailed gull (Zoˆl.), a gull of the genus
Xema, of two species, esp. X. Sabinii of the Arctic Ocean. --
Fork-tailed kite (Zoˆl.), a graceful American kite (Elanoides
forficatus); -- called also swallow-tailed kite.

Fork"y (?), a. Opening into two or more parts or shoots; forked;
furcated. "Forky tongues." Pope.

For*laft" (?), obs. p. p. of Forleave. Chaucer.

For*lay" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + lay.] To lie in wait for; to ambush.

    An ambushed thief forlays a traveler.


Dryden.

For*leave" (?), v. t. [OE. forleven; pref. for- + leven to leave.] To
leave off wholly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

For*lend" (?), v. t. To give up wholly. [Obs.]

For*lese" (?), v. t. [p. p. Forlore (?), Forlorn (&?;).] [OE. forlesen.
See Forlorn.] To lose utterly. [Obs.] haucer.

For*let", v. t. [OE. forleten, AS. forltan; pref. for- + ltan to allow;
akin to G. verlassen to leave. See Let to allow.] To give up; to leave;
to abandon. [Obs.] "To forlet sin." Chaucer.

For*lie" (?), v. i. See Forelie.

For*lore" (?), imp. pl. & p. p. of Forlese. [Obs.]

    The beasts their caves, the birds their nests forlore.


Fairfax.

For*lorn" (?), a. [OE., p. p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS.
forleÛsan (p. p. forloren); pref. for- + leÛsan (in comp.) to lose; cf.
D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. fˆrlora, Dan. forloren, Goth.
fraliusan to lose. See For-, and Lorn, a., Lose, v. t.] 1. Deserted;
abandoned; lost.

    Of fortune and of hope at once forlorn.


Spenser.

    Some say that ravens foster forlorn children.


Shak.

2. Destitute; helpless; in pitiful plight; wretched; miserable; almost
hopeless; desperate.

    For here forlorn and lost I tread.


Goldsmith.

    The condition of the besieged in the mean time was forlorn in the
    extreme.


Prescott.

    She cherished the forlorn hope that he was still living.


Thomson.

A forlorn hope [D. verloren hoop, prop., a lost band or troop;
verloren, p. p. of verliezen to lose + hoop band; akin to E. heap. See
For-, and Heap.] (Mil.), a body of men (called in F. enfants perdus, in
G. verlornen posten) selected, usually from volunteers, to attempt a
breach, scale the wall of a fortress, or perform other extraordinarily
perilous service; also, a desperate case or enterprise.

Syn. -- Destitute, lost; abandoned; forsaken; solitary; helpless;
friendless; hopeless; abject; wretched; miserable; pitiable.

For*lorn", n. 1. A lost, forsaken, or solitary person.

    Forced to live in Scotland a forlorn.


Shak.

2. A forlorn hope; a vanguard. [Obs.]

    Our forlorn of horse marched within a mile of the enemy.


Oliver Cromvell.

For*lorn"ly, adv. In a forlorn manner. Pollok.

For*lorn"ness, n. State of being forlorn. Boyle.

For*lye" (?), v. i. Same as Forlie. [Obs.]

-form (-fÙrm). [See Form, n.] A suffix used to denote in the form or
shape of, resembling, etc.; as, valiform; oviform.

Form (frm; in senses 8 & 9, often frm in England), n. [OE. & F. forme,
fr. L. forma; cf. Skr. dhariman. Cf. Firm.] 1. The shape and structure
of anything, as distinguished from the material of which it is
composed; particular disposition or arrangement of matter, giving it
individuality or distinctive character; configuration; figure; external
appearance.

    The form of his visage was changed.


Dan. iii. 19.

    And woven close close, both matter, form, and style.


Milton.

2. Constitution; mode of construction, organization, etc.; system; as,
a republican form of government.

3. Established method of expression or practice; fixed way of
proceeding; conventional or stated scheme; formula; as, a form of
prayer.

    Those whom form of laws Condemned to die.


Dryden.

4. Show without substance; empty, outside appearance; vain, trivial, or
conventional ceremony; conventionality; formality; as, a matter of mere
form.

    Though well we may not pass upon his life Without the form of
    justice.


Shak.

5. Orderly arrangement; shapeliness; also, comeliness; elegance;
beauty.

    The earth was without form and void.


Gen. i. 2.

    He hath no form nor comeliness.


Is. liii. 2.

6. A shape; an image; a phantom.

7. That by which shape is given or determined; mold; pattern; model.

8. A long seat; a bench; hence, a rank of students in a school; a
class; also, a class or rank in society. "Ladies of a high form." Bp.
Burnet.

9. The seat or bed of a hare.

    As in a form sitteth a weary hare.


Chaucer.

10. (Print.) The type or other matter from which an impression is to be
taken, arranged and secured in a chase.

11. (Fine Arts) The boundary line of a material object. In painting,
more generally, the human body.

12. (Gram.) The particular shape or structure of a word or part of
speech; as, participial forms; verbal forms.

13. (Crystallog.) The combination of planes included under a general
crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid.

14. (Metaph.) That assemblage or disposition of qualities which makes a
conception, or that internal constitution which makes an existing thing
to be what it is; -- called essential or substantial form, and
contradistinguished from matter; hence, active or formative nature; law
of being or activity; subjectively viewed, an idea; objectively, a law.

15. Mode of acting or manifestation to the senses, or the intellect;
as, water assumes the form of ice or snow. In modern usage, the
elements of a conception furnished by the mind's own activity, as
contrasted with its object or condition, which is called the matter;
subjectively, a mode of apprehension or belief conceived as dependent
on the constitution of the mind; objectively, universal and necessary
accompaniments or elements of every object known or thought of.

16. (Biol.) The peculiar characteristics of an organism as a type of
others; also, the structure of the parts of an animal or plant.

<! p. 587 !>

Good form or Bad form, the general appearance, condition or action,
originally of horses, atterwards of persons; as, the members of a boat
crew are said to be in good form when they pull together uniformly. The
phrases are further used colloquially in description of conduct or
manners in society; as, it is not good form to smoke in the presence of
a lady.

Form (fÙrm), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formed (fÙrmd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Forming.] [F. former, L. formare, fr. forma. See Form, n.] 1. To give
form or shape to; to frame; to construct; to make; to fashion.

    God formed man of the dust of the ground.


Gen. ii. 7.

    The thought that labors in my forming brain.


Rowe.

2. To give a particular shape to; to shape, mold, or fashion into a
certain state or condition; to arrange; to adjust; also, to model by
instruction and discipline; to mold by influence, etc.; to train.

    'T is education forms the common mind.


Pope.

    Thus formed for speed, he challenges the wind.


Dryden.

3. To go to make up; to act as constituent of; to be the essential or
constitutive elements of; to answer for; to make the shape of; -- said
of that out of which anything is formed or constituted, in whole or in
part.

    The diplomatic politicians . . . who formed by far the majority.


Burke.

4. To provide with a form, as a hare. See Form, n., 9.

    The melancholy hare is formed in brakes and briers.


Drayton.

5. (Gram.) To derive by grammatical rules, as by adding the proper
suffixes and affixes.

Form, v. i. 1. To take a form, definite shape, or arrangement; as, the
infantry should form in column.

2. To run to a form, as a hare. B. Jonson.

To form on (Mil.), to form a lengthened line with reference to (any
given object) as a basis.

For"mal (fÙr"mal), n. [L. formic + alcohol.] (Chem.) See Methylal.

Form"al (fÙrm"al), a. [L. formalis: cf. F. formel.] 1. Belonging to the
form, shape, frame, external appearance, or organization of a thing.

2. Belonging to the constitution of a thing, as distinguished from the
matter composing it; having the power of making a thing what it is;
constituent; essential; pertaining to or depending on the forms, so
called, of the human intellect.

    Of [the sounds represented by] letters, the material part is breath
    and voice; the formal is constituted by the motion and figure of
    the organs of speech.


Holder.

3. Done in due form, or with solemnity; according to regular method;
not incidental, sudden or irregular; express; as, he gave his formal
consent.

    His obscure funeral . . . No noble rite nor formal ostentation.


Shak.

4. Devoted to, or done in accordance with, forms or rules; punctilious;
regular; orderly; methodical; of a prescribed form; exact; prim; stiff;
ceremonious; as, a man formal in his dress, his gait, his conversation.

    A cold-looking, formal garden, cut into angles and rhomboids.


W. Irwing.

    She took off the formal cap that confined her hair.


Hawthorne.

5. Having the form or appearance without the substance or essence;
external; as, formal duty; formal worship; formal courtesy, etc.

6. Dependent in form; conventional.

    Still in constraint your suffering sex remains, Or bound in formal
    or in real chains.


Pope.

7. Sound; normal. [Obs.]

    To make of him a formal man again.


Shak.

Formal cause. See under Cause.

Syn. -- Precise; punctilious; stiff; starched; affected; ritual;
ceremonial; external; outward. -- Formal, Ceremonious. When applied to
things, these words usually denote a mere accordance with the rules of
form or ceremony; as, to make a formal call; to take a ceremonious
leave. When applied to a person or his manners, they are used in a bad
sense; a person being called formal who shapes himself too much by some
pattern or set form, and ceremonious when he lays too much stress on
the conventional laws of social intercourse. Formal manners render a
man stiff or ridiculous; a ceremonious carriage puts a stop to the ease
and freedom of social intercourse.

For*mal"de*hyde (?), n. [Formic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A colorless,
volatile liquid, H2CO, resembling acetic or ethyl aldehyde, and
chemically intermediate between methyl alcohol and formic acid.

Form"al*ism (fÙrm"al*z'm), n. The practice or the doctrine of strict
adherence to, or dependence on, external forms, esp. in matters of
religion.

    Official formalism.


Sir H. Rawlinson.

Form"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. formaliste.] One overattentive to forms, or too
much confined to them; esp., one who rests in external religious forms,
or observes strictly the outward forms of worship, without possessing
the life and spirit of religion.

    As far a formalist from wisdom sits, In judging eyes, as libertines
    from wits.


Young.

For*mal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Formalities (#). [Cf. F. formalitÈ.] 1. The
condition or quality of being formal, strictly ceremonious, precise,
etc.

2. Form without substance.

    Such [books] as are mere pieces of formality, so that if you look
    on them, you look though them.


Fuller.

3. Compliance with formal or conventional rules; ceremony;
conventionality.

    Nor was his attendance on divine offices a matter of formality and
    custom, but of conscience.


Atterbury.

4. An established order; conventional rule of procedure; usual method;
habitual mode.

    He was installed with all the usual formalities.


C. Middleton.

5. pl. The dress prescribed for any body of men, academical, municipal,
or sacerdotal. [Obs.]

    The doctors attending her in their formalities as far as Shotover.


Fuller.

6. That which is formal; the formal part.

    It unties the inward knot of marriage, . . . while it aims to keep
    fast the outward formality.


Milton.

7. The quality which makes a thing what it is; essence.

    The material part of the evil came from our father upon us, but the
    formality of it, the sting and the curse, is only by ourselves.


Jer. Taylor.

    The formality of the vow lies in the promise made to God.


Bp. Stillingfleet.

8. (Scholastic. Philos.) The manner in which a thing is conceived or
constituted by an act of human thinking; the result of such an act; as,
animality and rationality are formalities.

Form"al*ize (fÙrm"al*z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formalized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Formalizing (?).] 1. To give form, or a certain form, to; to
model. [R.]

2. To render formal.

Form"al*ize, v. i. To affect formality. [Obs.] ales.

Form"al*ly, adv. In a formal manner; essentially; characteristically;
expressly; regularly; ceremoniously; precisely.

    That which formally makes this [charity] a Christian grace, is the
    spring from which it flows.


Smalridge.

    You and your followers do stand formally divided against the
    authorized guides of the church and rest of the people.


Hooker.

For"mate (?), n. [See Formic.] (Chem.) A salt of formic acid. [Written
also formiate.]

For*ma"tion (fr*m"shn), n. [L. formatio: cf. F. formation.] 1. The act
of giving form or shape to anything; a forming; a shaping. Beattie.

2. The manner in which a thing is formed; structure; construction;
conformation; form; as, the peculiar formation of the heart.

3. A substance formed or deposited.

4. (Geol.) (a) Mineral deposits and rock masses designated with
reference to their origin; as, the siliceous formation about geysers;
alluvial formations; marine formations. (b) A group of beds of the same
age or period; as, the Eocene formation.

5. (Mil.) The arrangement of a body of troops, as in a square, column,
etc. Farrow.

Form"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. formatif.] 1. Giving form; having the power
of giving form; plastic; as, the formative arts.

    The meanest plant can not be raised without seed, by any formative
    residing in the soil.


Bentley.

2. (Gram.) Serving to form; derivative; not radical; as, a termination
merely formative.

3. (Biol.) Capable of growth and development; germinal; as, living or
formative matter.

Form"a*tive, n. (Gram.) (a) That which serves merely to give form, and
is no part of the radical, as the prefix or the termination of a word.
(b) A word formed in accordance with some rule or usage, as from a
root.

For`mÈ" (?), a. (Her.) Same as PatÈ or PattÈ.

For"me (?), a. [OE., fr. AS. forma. See Foremost.] First. [Obs.] "Adam
our forme father." Chaucer.

Formed (?), a. 1. (Astron.) Arranged, as stars in a constellation; as,
formed stars. [R.]

2. (Biol.) Having structure; capable of growth and development;
organized; as, the formed or organized ferments. See Ferment, n.

Formed material (Biol.), a term employed by Beale to denote the
lifeless matter of a cell, that which is physiologically dead, in
distinction from the truly germinal or living matter.

For"me*don (?), n. [OF., fr. Latin. So called because the plaintiff
claimed "by the form of the gift,: L. per formam doni.] (O. Eng. Law) A
writ of right for a tenant in tail in case of a discontinuance of the
estate tail. This writ has been abolished.

For"mell (?), n. [Dim. of F. forme the female of a bird of prey.]
(Zoˆl.) The female of a hawk or falcon.

Form"er (?), n. 1. One who forms; a maker; a creator.

2. (Mech.) (a) A shape around which an article is to be shaped, molded,
woven wrapped, pasted, or otherwise constructed. (b) A templet,
pattern, or gauge by which an article is shaped. (c) A cutting die.

For"mer (?), a. [A compar. due to OE. formest. See Foremost.] 1.
Preceding in order of time; antecedent; previous; prior; earlier;
hence, ancient; long past.

    For inquire, I pray thee, of the former age.


Job. viii. 8.

    The latter and former rain.


Hosea vi. 3.

3. Near the beginning; preceeding; as, the former part of a discourse
or argument.

3. Earlier, as between two things mentioned together; first mentioned.

    A bad author deserves better usage than a bad critic; a man may be
    the former merely through the misfortune of an ill judgment; but he
    can not be latter without both that and an ill temper.


Pope.

Syn. -- Prior; previous; anterior; antecedent; preceding; foregoing.

||For`me*ret" (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) One of the half ribs against the
||walls in a ceiling vaulted with ribs.

For"mer*ly (?), adv. In time past, either in time immediately preceding
or at any indefinite distance; of old; heretofore.

Form"ful (?), a. Creative; imaginative. [R.] "The formful brain."
Thomson.

For"mic (?), a. [L. formica an ant: cf. F. formique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, ants; as, formic acid; in an extended
sense, pertaining to, or derived from, formic acid; as, formic ether.

Amido formic acid, carbamic acid. -- Formic acid, a colorless, mobile
liquid, HCO.OH, of a sharp, acid taste, occurring naturally in ants,
nettles, pine needles, etc., and produced artifically in many ways, as
by the oxidation of methyl alcohol, by the reduction of carbonic acid
or the destructive distillation of oxalic acid. It is the first member
of the fatty acids in the paraffin series, and is homologous with
acetic acid.

||For*mi"ca (?), n. [L., an ant.] (Zoˆl.) A LinnÊan genus of
||hymenopterous insects, including the common ants. See Ant.

For`mi*ca"roid (?), a. [NL. Formicarius, the typical genus + -oid.]
(Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to the family FormicaridÊ or ant thrushes.

For"mi*ca*ry (?), n. [LL. formicarium, fr. L. formica an ant.] (Zoˆl.)
The nest or dwelling of a swarm of ants; an ant-hill.

For"mi*cate (?), a. [L. formica an ant.] (Zoˆl.) Resembling, or
pertaining to, an ant or ants.

For`mi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. formicatio, fr. formicare to creep like an
ant, to feel as if ants were crawling on one's self, fr. formica ant:
cf. F. formication.] (Med.) A sensation resembling that made by the
creeping of ants on the skin. Dunglison.

For"mi*cid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the ants. -- n. One of the
family FormicidÊ, or ants.

For`mi*da*bil"i*ty (?), n. Formidableness. Walpole.

For"mi*da*ble (?), a. [L. formidabilis, fr. formidare to fear, dread:
cf. F. formidable.] Exciting fear or apprehension; impressing dread;
adapted to excite fear and deter from approach, encounter, or
undertaking; alarming.

    They seemed to fear the formodable sight.


Dryden.

    I swell my preface into a volume, and make it formidable, when you
    see so many pages behind.


Drydn.

Syn. -- Dreadful; fearful; terrible; frightful; shocking; horrible;
terrific; tremendous.

For"mi*da*ble*ness, n. The quality of being formidable, or adapted to
excite dread. Boyle.

For"mi*da*bly, adv. In a formidable manner.

For*mid"o*lose (?), a. [L. formidolosus, fr. formido fear.] Very much
afraid. [Obs.] Bailey.

Form"ing (?), n. The act or process of giving form or shape to
anything; as, in shipbuilding, the exact shaping of partially shaped
timbers.

Form"less, a. Shapeless; without a determinate form; wanting regularity
of shape. -- Form"less*ly, adv. -- Form"less*ness, n.

For"mu*la (?), n.; pl. E. Formulas (#), L. FormulÊ (#). [L., dim. of
forma form, model. SeeForm, n.] 1. A prescribed or set form; an
established rule; a fixed or conventional method in which anything is
to be done, arranged, or said.

2. (Eccl.) A written confession of faith; a formal statement of
foctrines.

3. (Math.) A rule or principle expressed in algebraic language; as, the
binominal formula.

4. (Med.) A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a medicinal
compound.

5. (Chem.) A symbolic expression (by means of letters, figures, etc.)
of the constituents or constitution of a compound.

Chemical formulÊ consist of the abbreviations of the names of the
elements, with a small figure at the lower right hand, to denote the
number of atoms of each element contained.

Empirical formula (Chem.), an expression which gives the simple
proportion of the constituents; as, the empirical formula of acetic
acid is C2H4O2. -- Graphic formula, Rational formula (Chem.), an
expression of the constitution, and in a limited sense of the
structure, of a compound, by the grouping of its atoms or radicals; as,
a rational formula of acetic acid is CH3.(C:O).OH; -- called also
structural formula, constitutional formula, etc. See also the formula
of Benzene nucleus, under Benzene. -- Molecular formula (Chem.), a
formula indicating the supposed molecular constitution of a compound.

For`mu*la*ris"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or exhibiting,
formularization. Emerson.

For`mu*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of formularizing; a formularized
or formulated statement or exhibition. C. Kingsley.

For"mu*lar*ize (?), v. t. To reduce to a forula; to formulate.

For"mu*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. formulaire. See Formula.] Stated;
prescribed; ritual.

For"mu*la*ry, n.; pl. Formularies (#). [Cf. F. formulaire.] 1. A book
containing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations,
prayers, medical formulaÊ, etc.; a book of precedents.

2. Prescribed form or model; formula.

For"mu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Formulating (?).] To reduce to, or express in, a formula; to put in a
clear and definite form of statement or expression. G. P. Marsh.

For`mu*la"tion (?), n. The act, process, or result of formulating or
reducing to a formula.

For"mule (?), n. [F.] A set or prescribed model; a formula. [Obs.]
Johnson.

For`mu*li*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of reducing to a formula;
the state of being formulized.

For"mu*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formulized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Formulizing (?).] To reduce to a formula; to formulate. Emerson.

For"myl (?), n. [Formic + - yl.] (Chem.) (a) A univalent radical,
H.C:O, regarded as the essential residue of formic acid and aldehyde.
(b) Formerly, the radical methyl, CH3.

Forn*cast" (?), p. p. [OE. foren + cast. See Forecast.] Predestined.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

For"ni*cal (?), a. Relating to a fornix.

{ For"ni*cate (?), For"ni*ca`ted (?) }, a. [L. fornicatus, fr. fornix,
- icis, an arch, vault.] 1. Vaulted like an oven or furnace; arched.

2. (Bot.) Arching over; overarched. Gray.

<! p. 588 !>

For"ni*cate (?), v. i. [L. fornicatus, p. p. of fornicari to fornicate,
fr. fornix, -icis, a vault, a brothel in an underground vault.] To
commit fornication; to have unlawful sexual intercourse.

For`ni*ca"tion (?), n. [F. fornication, L. fornicatio.] 1. Unlawful
sexual intercourse on the part of an unmarried person; the act of such
illicit sexual intercourse between a man and a woman as does not by law
amount to adultery.

In England, the offense, though cognizable in the ecclesiastical
courts, was not at common law subject to secular prosecution. In the
United States it is indictable in some States at common law, in others
only by statute. Whartyon.

2. (Script.) (a) Adultery. (b) Incest. (c) Idolatry.

For"ni*ca`tor (?), n. [F. fornicateur, OF. fornicator, from L.
fornicator.] An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal
intercourse with the other sex; one guilty of fornication.

For"ni*ca`tress (?), n. [Cf. F. fornicatrice, L. fornicatrix.] A woman
guilty of fornication. Shak.

||For"nix (?), n.; pl. Fornices (#). [L., an arch.] (Anat.) (a) An arch
||or fold; as, the fornix, or vault, of the cranium; the fornix, or
||reflection, of the conjuctiva. (b) Esp., two longitudinal bands of
||white nervous tissue beneath the lateral ventricles of the brain.

For*old" (?), a. Very old. [Obs.]

    A bear's skin, coal-black, forold.


Chaucer.

For*pass" (?), v. t. & i. To pass by or along; to pass over. [Obs.]
Spenser.

For*pine" (?), v. t. To waste away completely by suffering or torment.
[Archaic] "Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer.

For"ray (? or ?), v. t. [OE. forrayen. See Foray.] To foray; to ravage;
to pillage.

    For they that morn had forrayed all the land.


Fairfax.

For"ray, n. The act of ravaging; a ravaging; a predatory excursion. See
Foray.

For"rill (?), n. [See Forel.] Lambskin parchment; vellum; forel.
McElrath.

For*sake" (?), v. t. [imp. Forsook (?); p. p. Forsaken (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Forsaking.] [AS. forsacan to oppose, refuse; for-  + sacan to
contend, strive; akin to Goth. sakan. See For-, and Sake.] 1. To quit
or leave entirely; to desert; to abandon; to depart or withdraw from;
to leave; as, false friends and flatterers forsake us in adversity.

    If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments.


Ps. lxxxix. 30.

2. To renounce; to reject; to refuse.

    If you forsake the offer of their love.


Shak.

Syn. -- To abandon; quit; desert; fail; relinquish; give up; renounce;
reject. See Abandon.

For*sak"er (?), n. One who forsakes or deserts.

For*say" (?), v. t. [AS. forsecgan to accuse; pref. for- + secgan to
say.] To forbid; to renounce; to forsake; to deny. [Obs.] Spenser.

For*shape" (?), v. t. [Pref. for-  + shape, v.t.] To render misshapen.
[Obs.] Gower.

For*slack" (?), v. t. [Pref. for-  + slack to neglect.] To neglect by
idleness; to delay or to waste by sloth. [Obs.] Spenser.

For*slouth"e (?), v. t. [See For- , and Slouth.] To lose by sloth or
negligence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

For*slow" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + slow.] To delay; to hinder; to
neglect; to put off. [Obs.] Bacon.

For*slow", v. i. To loiter. [Obs.] Shak.

For*slug"ge (?), v. t. [See Slug to be idle.] To lsoe by idleness or
slotch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

For*sooth" (?), adv. [AS. fors; for, prep. + s sooth, truth. See For,
prep., and Sooth.] In truth; in fact; certainly; very well; -- formerly
used as an expression of deference or respect, especially to woman; now
used ironically or contemptuously.

    A fit man, forsooth, to govern a realm!


Hayward.

    Our old English word forsooth has been changed for the French
    madam.


Guardian.

For*sooth", v. t. To address respectfully with the term forsooth.
[Obs.]

    The captain of the "Charles" had forsoothed her, though he knew her
    well enough and she him.


Pepys.

For*sooth", n. A person who used forsooth much; a very ceremonious and
deferential person. [R.]

    You sip so like a forsooth of the city.


B. Jonson.

For*speak" (?), v. t. [Pref. for-  + speak.] 1. To forbid; to prohibit.
Shak.

2. To bewitch. [Obs.] Drayton.

For*spent" (?), a. [AS. forspendan to consume; pref. for- + spendan to
spend.] Wasted in strength; tired; exhausted. [Archaic]

    A gentleman almost forspent with speed.


Shak.

For*stall" (?), v. t. To forestall. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fors"ter (?), n. A forester. [Obs.] Chaucer.

For*straught" (?), p. p. & a. [Pref. for- + straught; cf. distraught.]
Distracted. [Obs.] Chaucer.

For*swat" (?), a. [See Sweat.] Spent with heat; covered with sweat.
[Obs.] P. Sidney.

For*swear" (?), v. t. [imp. Forswore (?); p. p. Forsworn (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Forswearing.] [OE. forsweren, forswerien, AS. forswerian; pref.
for- + swerian to swear. See For-, and Swear, v. i.] 1. To reject or
renounce upon oath; hence, to renounce earnestly, determinedly, or with
protestations.

    I . . . do forswear her.


Shak.

2. To deny upon oath.

    Like innocence, and as serenely bold As truth, how loudly he
    forswears thy gold!


Dryden.

To forswear one's self, to swear falsely; to perjure one's self. "Thou
shalt not forswear thyself." Matt. v. 33.

Syn. -- See Perjure.

For*swear", v. i. To swear falsely; to commit perjury. Shak.

For*swear"er (?), n. One who rejects of renounces upon oath; one who
swears a false oath.

For*swonk" (?), a. [Pref. for- + swonk, p. p. of swinkto labor. See
Swink.] Overlabored; exhausted; worn out. [Obs.] Spenser.

For*swore" (?), imp. of Forswear.

For*sworn" (?), p. p. of Forswear.

For*sworn"ness, n. State of being forsworn. [R.]

||For*syth"i*a (?), a. [NL. Named after William Forsyth, who brought in
||from China.] (Bot.) A shrub of the Olive family, with yellow
||blossoms.

Fort (?), n. [F., from fort strong, L. fortis; perh. akin to Skr. darh
to fix, make firm, and to E. firm Cf. Forte, Force, Fortalice, Comfort,
Effort.] (Mil.) A strong or fortified place; usually, a small fortified
place, occupied only by troops, surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and
parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of defense; a
fortification.

    Detached works, depending solely on their own strength, belong to
    the class of works termed forts.


Farrow.

Fort"a*lice (?), n. [LL. fortalitia, or OF. fortelesce. See Fortress.]
(Mil.) A small outwork of a fortification; a fortilage; - - called also
fortelace.

Forte (frt), n. [IT. forte: cf. F. fort. See Fort.] 1. The strong
point; that in which one excels.

    The construction of a fable seems by no means the forte of our
    modern poetical writers.


Jeffrey.

2. The stronger part of the blade of a sword; the part of half nearest
the hilt; -- opposed to foible.

||For"te (fÙr"t or fr"t), adv. [It. forte, a. & adv., fr. L. fortis
||strong.] (Mus.) Loudly; strongly; powerfully.

Fort"ed (?), a. Furnished with, or guarded by, forts; strengthened or
defended, as by forts. [R.] Shak.

Forth (?), v.[AS. for, fr. for akin to D. voort, G. fort &radic;78.
See Fore, For, and cf. Afford, Further, adv.] 1. Forward; onward in
time, place, or order; in advance from a given point; on to end; as,
from that day forth; one, two, three, and so forth.

    Lucas was Paul's companion, at the leastway from the sixteenth of
    the Acts forth.


Tyndale.

    From this time forth, I never will speak word.


Shak.

    I repeated the Ave Maria; the inquisitor bad me say forth; I said I
    was taught no more.


Strype.

2. Out, as from a state of concealment, retirement, confinement,
nondevelopment, or the like; out into notice or view; as, the plants in
spring put forth leaves.

    When winter past, and summer scarce begun, Invites them forth to
    labor in the sun.


Dryden.

3. Beyond a (certain) boundary; away; abroad; out.

    I have no mind of feasting forth to- night.


Shak.

4. Throughly; from beginning to end. [Obs.] Shak.

And so forth, Back and forth, From forth. See under And, Back, and
From. -- Forth of, Forth from, out of. [Obs.] Shak. -- To bring forth.
See under Bring.

Forth, prep. Forth from; out of. [Archaic]

    Some forth their cabins peep.


Donne.

Forth, n. [OE., a ford. &?; 78. See Frith.] A way; a passage or ford.
[Obs.] Todd.

Forth`by" (?), adv. [Obs.] See Forby.

Forth"com`ing (? or ?), a. Ready or about to appear; making appearance.

Forth"go`ing (? or ?), n. A going forth; an utterance. A. Chalmers.

Forth"go`ing, a. Going forth.

For*think" (?), v. t. To repent; to regret; to be sorry for; to cause
regret. [Obs.] "Let it forthink you." Tyndale.

    That me forthinketh, quod this January.


Chaucer.

Forth"put`ing (? or ?), a. Bold; forward; aggressive.

Forth"right` (? or ?), adv. [Forth, adv. + right, adv.] Straight
forward; in a straight direction. [Archaic] Sir P. Sidney.

Forth"right`, a. Direct; straightforward; as, a forthright man.
[Archaic] Lowell.

    They were Night and Day, and Day and Night, Piligrims wight with
    steps forthright.


Emerson.

Forth"right`, n. A straight path. [Archaic]

    Here's a maze trod, indeed, Through forthrights and meanders!


Shak.

Forth"right`ness, n. Straightforwardness; explicitness; directness.
[Archaic]

    Dante's concise forthrightness of phrase.


Hawthorne.

Forth"ward (?), adv. [Forth, adv. + -ward.] Forward. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

Forth`with" (? or ?; see With), adv. 1. Immediately; without delay;
directly.

    Immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales; and he
    received sight forthwith.


Acts ix. 18.

2. (Law) As soon as the thing required may be done by reasonable
exertion confined to that object. Bouvier.

For*thy" (?), adv. [AS. for; for, prep. + , instrumental neut. of se,
seÛ, Êt, pron. demonstrative and article. See The.] Therefore. [Obs.]
Spenser.

For"ties (?), n. pl. See Forty.

For"ti*eth (?), a. [AS. feÛwertigo&?;a. See Forty.] 1. Following the
thirty-ninth, or preceded by thirty-nine units, things, or parts.

2. Constituting one of forty equal parts into which anything is
divided.

For"ti*eth, n. One of forty equal parts into which one whole is
divided; the quotient of a unit divided by forty; one next in order
after the thirty-ninth.

For"ti*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. fortifiable.] Capable of being
fortified. Johnson.

For`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fortificatio : cf. F. fortification.] 1.
The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places in order
to defend them against an enemy.

2. That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend
a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a
castle.

Fortification agate, Scotch pebble.

Syn. -- Fortress; citadel; bulwark. See Fortress.

For"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, fortifies, strengthens,
supports, or upholds.

For"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fortified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fortifying.] [F. fortifier, L. fortificare; fortis strong + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See Fort, and -fy.] 1. To add strength to; to
strengthen; to confirm; to furnish with power to resist attack.

    Timidity was fortified by pride.


Gibbon.

    Pride came to the aid of fancy, and both combined to fortify his
    resolution.


Sir W. Scott.

2. To strengthen and secure by forts or batteries, or by surrounding
with a wall or ditch or other military works; to render defensible
against an attack by hostile forces.

For"ti*fy, v. i. To raise defensive works. Milton.

For"ti*lage (?; 48), n. [Cf. Fortalice.] A little fort; a blockhouse.
[Obs.] Spenser.

Fort"in (?), n. [F. See Fort, n.] A little fort; a fortlet. [Obs.]

||For*tis"si*mo (? or ?), adv. [It., superl. of forte, adv. See Forte,
||adv.] (Mus.) Very loud; with the utmost strength or loudness.

For*ti"tion (?), n. [See Fortuitous.] Casual choice; fortuitous
selection; hazard. [R.]

    No mode of election operating in the spirit of fortition or
    rotation can be generally good.


Burke.

For"ti*tude (?), n. [L. fortitudo, fr. fortis strong. See Fort.] 1.
Power to resist attack; strength; firmness. [Obs.]

    The fortitude of the place is best known to you.


Shak.

2. That strength or firmness of mind which enables a person to
encounter danger with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or
adversity without murmuring, depression, or despondency; passive
courage; resolute endurance; firmness in confronting or bearing up
against danger or enduring trouble.

    Extolling patience as the truest fortitude.


Milton.

    Fortitude is the guard and support of the other virtues.


Locke.

Syn. -- Courage; resolution; resoluteness; endurance; bravery. See
Courage, and Heroism.

For`ti*tu"di*nous (?), a. Having fortitude; courageous. [R.] Gibbon.

Fort"let (?), n. A little fort. [R.] Bailey.

Fort"night` (?; in U.S. often ?; 277), n. [Contr. fr. fourteen nights,
our ancestors reckoning time by nights and winters; so, also, seven
nights, sennight, a week.] The space of fourteen days; two weeks.

Fort"night`ly (?), a. Occurring or appearing once in a fortnight; as, a
fortnightly meeting of a club; a fortnightly magazine, or other
publication. -- adv. Once in a fortnight; at intervals of a fortnight.

For*tread" (?), v. t. To tread down; to trample upon. [Obs.]

    In hell shall they be all fortroden of devils.


Chaucer.

For"tress (?), n.; pl. Fortresses (#). [F. forteresse, OF. forteresce,
fortelesce, LL. foralitia, fr. L. fortis strong. See Fort, and cf.
Fortalice.] A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification,
sometimes including a town; a fort; a castle; a stronghold; a place of
defense or security.

Syn. -- Fortress, Fortification, Castle, Citadel. A fortress is
constructed for military purposes only, and is permanently garrisoned;
a fortification is built to defend harbors, cities, etc.; a castle is a
fortress of early times which was ordinarily a palatial dwelling; a
citadel is the stronghold of a fortress or city, etc.

For"tress, v. t. To furnish with a fortress or with fortresses; to
guard; to fortify. Shak.

For*tu"i*tous (?), a. [L. fortuitus; akin to forte, adv., by chance,
prop. abl. of fors, fortis, chance. See Fortune.] 1. Happening by
chance; coming or occuring unexpectedly, or without any known cause;
chance; as, the fortuitous concourse of atoms.

    It was from causes seemingly fortuitous . . . that all the mighty
    effects of the Reformation flowed.


Robertson.

    So as to throw a glancing and fortuitous light upon the whole.


Hazlitt.

2. (LAw) Happening independently of human will or means of foresight;
resulting from unavoidable physical causes. Abbott.

Syn. -- Accidental; casual; contingent; incidental. See Accidental.

-- For*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. -- For*tu"i*tous*ness, n.

For*tu"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fortuitÈ.] Accident; chance; casualty. D.
Forbes (1750).

For"tu*nate (?; 135), a. [L. fortunatus, p. p. of fortunare to make
fortunate or prosperous, fr. fortuna. See Fortune, n.] 1. Coming by
good luck or favorable chance; bringing some good thing not foreseen as
certain; presaging happiness; auspicious; as, a fortunate event; a
fortunate concurrence of circumstances; a fortunate investment.

2. Receiving same unforeseen or unexpected good, or some good which was
not dependent on one's own skill or efforts; favored with good forune;
lucky.

Syn. -- Auspicious; lucky; prosperous; successful; favored; happy. --
Fortunate, Successful, Prosperous. A man is fortunate, when he is
favored of fortune, and has unusual blessings fall to his lot;
successful when he gains what he aims at; prosperous when he succeeds
in those things which men commonly desire. One may be fortunate, in
some cases, where he is not successful; he may be successful, but, if
he has been mistaken in the value of what he has aimed at, he may for
that reason fail to be prosperous.

For"tu*nate*ly, adv. In a fortunate manner; luckily; successfully;
happily.

For"tu*nate*ness, n. The condition or quality of being fortunate; good
luck; success; happiness.

<! p. 589 !>

For"tune (fÙr"tn; 135), n. [F. fortune, L. fortuna; akin to fors,
fortis, chance, prob. fr. ferre to bear, bring. See Bear to support,
and cf. Fortuitous.] 1. The arrival of something in a sudden or
unexpected manner; chance; accident; luck; hap; also, the personified
or deified power regarded as determining human success, apportioning
happiness and unhappiness, and distributing arbitrarily or fortuitously
the lots of life.

    'T is more by fortune, lady, than by merit.


Shak.

    O Fortune, Fortune, all men call thee fickle.


Shak.

2. That which befalls or is to befall one; lot in life, or event in any
particular undertaking; fate; destiny; as, to tell one's fortune.

    You, who men's fortunes in their faces read.


Cowley.

3. That which comes as the result of an undertaking or of a course of
action; good or ill success; especially, favorable issue; happy event;
success; prosperity as reached partly by chance and partly by effort.

    Our equal crimes shall equal fortune give.


Dryden.

    There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood,
    leads on to fortune.


Shak.

    His father dying, he was driven to seek his fortune.


Swift.

4. Wealth; large possessions; large estate; riches; as, a gentleman of
fortune.

Syn. -- Chance; accident; luck; fate.

Fortune book, a book supposed to reveal future events to those who
consult it. Crashaw. -- Fortune hunter, one who seeks to acquire wealth
by marriage. -- Fortune teller, one who professes to tell future events
in the life of another. -- Fortune telling, the practice or art of
professing to reveal future events in the life of another.

For"tune, v. t. [OF. fortuner, L. fortunare. See Fortune, n.] 1. To
make fortunate; to give either good or bad fortune to. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To provide with a fortune. Richardson.

3. To presage; to tell the fortune of. [Obs.] Dryden.

For"tune, v. i. To fall out; to happen.

    It fortuned the same night that a Christian, serving a Turk in the
    camp, secretely gave the watchmen warning.


Knolles.

For"tune*less, a. Luckless; also, destitute of a fortune or portion.
Spenser.

For"tun*ize (?), v. t. To regulate the fortune of; to make happy.
[Obs.] Spenser.

For"ty (fÙr"t), a. [OE. forti, fourti, fowerti, AS. feÛwertig; feÛwer
four + suff. - tig ten; akin to OS. fiwartig, fiartig, D. veertig, G.
vierzig, Icel. fjˆrutu, Sw. fyratio, Dan. fyrretyve, Goth. fidwr
tigjus. See Four, and Ten, and cf. Fourteen.] Four times ten;
thirty-nine and one more.

For"ty, n.; pl. Forties (-tz). 1. The sum of four tens; forty units or
objects.

2. A symbol expressing forty units; as, 40, or xl.

For"ty-spot` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The Tasmanian forty-spotted diamond bird
(Pardalotus quadragintus).

Fo"rum (?), n.; pl. E. Forums (#), L. Fora (#). [L.; akin to foris,
foras, out of doors. See Foreign.] 1. A market place or public place in
Rome, where causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the
people.

2. A tribunal; a court; an assembly empowered to hear and decide
causes.

    He [Lord Camden] was . . . more eminent in the senate than in the
    forum.


Brougham.

For*waked" (? or ?), p. p. & a. Tired out with excessive waking or
watching. [Obs.] Chaucer.

For*wan"der (?), v. i. To wander away; to go astray; to wander far and
to weariness. [Obs.]

For"ward (?), n. [OE., fr. AS. foreweard; fore before + weard a ward.
See Ward, n.] An agreement; a covenant; a promise. [Obs.]

    Tell us a tale anon, as forward is.


Chaucer.

{ For"ward (?), For"wards (?) }, adv. [AS. forweard, foreweard; for,
fore + -weardes; akin to G. vorw‰rts. The s is properly a genitive
ending. See For, Fore, and -ward, -wards.] Toward a part or place
before or in front; onward; in advance; progressively; -- opposed to
backward.

For"ward, a. 1. Near, or at the fore part; in advance of something
else; as, the forward gun in a ship, or the forward ship in a fleet.

2. Ready; prompt; strongly inclined; in an ill sense, overready; too
hasty.

    Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which I
    also was forward to do.


Gal. ii. 10.

    Nor do we find him forward to be sounded.


Shak.

3. Ardent; eager; earnest; in an ill sense, less reserved or modest
than is proper; bold; confident; as, the boy is too forward for his
years.

    I have known men disagreeably forward from their shyness.


T. Arnold.

4. Advanced beyond the usual degree; advanced for the season; as, the
grass is forward, or forward for the season; we have a forward spring.

    The most forward bud Is eaten by the canker ere it blow.


Shak.

For"ward (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forwarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Forwarding.] 1. To help onward; to advance; to promote; to accelerate;
to quicken; to hasten; as, to forward the growth of a plant; to forward
one in improvement.

2. To send forward; to send toward the place of destination; to
transmit; as, to forward a letter.

For"ward*er (?), n. 1. One who forwards or promotes; a promoter. Udall.

2. One who sends forward anything; (Com.) one who transmits goods; a
forwarding merchant.

3. (Bookbinding) One employed in forwarding.

For"ward*ing, n. 1. The act of one who forwards; the act or occupation
of transmitting merchandise or other property for others.

2. (Bookbinding) The process of putting a book into its cover, and
making it ready for the finisher.

For"ward*ly (?), adv. Eagerly; hastily; obtrusively.

For"ward*ness, n. The quality of being forward; cheerful readiness;
promtness; as, the forwardness of Christians in propagating the gospel.

2. An advanced stage of progress or of preparation; advancement; as,
his measures were in great forwardness. Robertson.

3. Eagerness; ardor; as, it is difficult to restrain the forwardness of
youth.

3. Boldness; confidence; assurance; want of due reserve or modesty.

    In France it is usual to bring children into company, and cherish
    in them, from their infancy, a kind of forwardness and assurance.


Addison.

5. A state of advance beyond the usual degree; prematureness;
precocity; as, the forwardnessof spring or of corn; the forwardness of
a pupil.

    He had such a dexterous proclivity, as his teachers were fain to
    restrain his forwardness.


Sir H. Wotton.

Syn. -- Promptness; promptitude; eagerness; ardor; zeal; assurance;
confidence; boldness; impudence; presumption.

For"wards (?), adv. Same as Forward.

For*waste" (?), v. t. [Pref. for-  + waste.] To desolate or lay waste
utterly. [Obs.] Spenser.

For*wea"ry (?), v. t. To weary extremely; to dispirit. [Obs.] Spenser.

For*weep" (?), v. i. To weep much. [Obs.]

For*wete" (?), v. t. See Forewite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

For*why" (?), conj. [For + why, AS. hw&?;, instrumental case of hw
who.] Wherefore; because. [Obs.]

For*worn" (?), a. Much worn. [Obs.]

    A silly man, in simple weeds forworn.


Spenser.

For*wot" (?), pres. indic. 1st & 3d pers. sing. of Forwete. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

For*wrap" (?), v. t. To wrap up; to conceal. [Obs.]

    All mote be said and nought excused, nor hid, nor forwrapped.


Chaucer.

For*yelde" (?), v. t. [AS. forgieldan.] To repay; to requite. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

For*yete" (?), v. t. To forget. [Obs.] Chaucer.

For*yet"ten (?), obs. p. p. of Foryete. Chaucer.

||For*zan"do (?), adv. [It., prop. p. p. of forzare to force.] (Mus.)
||See Sforzato.

||Fos"sa (?), n.; pl. Foss∆ (#). [L., a ditch. See Fosse.] (Anat.) A
||pit, groove, cavity, or depression, of greater or less depth; as, the
||temporal fossa on the side of the skull; the nasal fossÊ containing
||the nostrils in most birds.

Fos"sane` (?), n. [Cf. F. fossane.] (Zoˆl.) A species of civet (Viverra
fossa) resembling the genet.

Fosse (?), n. [F., fr. L. fossa, fr. fodere, fossum, to dig.] 1.
(Fort.) A ditch or moat.

2. (Anat.) See Fossa.

Fosse road. See Fosseway.

Fos"set (?), n. A faucet. [Obs.] Shak.

||Fos`sette" (? or ?), n. [F., dim. of fosse a fosse.] 1. A little
||hollow; hence, a dimple.

2. (Med.) A small, deep-centered ulcer of the transparent cornea.

Fosse"way` (?), n. One of the great military roads constructed by the
Romans in England and other parts of Europe; -- so called from the
fosse or ditch on each side for keeping it dry.

Fos"sil (?), a. [L. fossilis, fr. fodere to dig: cf. F. fossile. See
Fosse.] 1. Dug out of the earth; as, fossil coal; fossil salt.

2. (Paleon.) Like or pertaining to fossils; contained in rocks, whether
petrified or not; as, fossil plants, shells.

Fossil copal, a resinous substance, first found in the blue clay at
Highgate, near London, and apparently a vegetable resin, partly changed
by remaining in the earth. -- Fossil cork, flax, paper, or wood,
varieties of amianthus. -- Fossil farina, a soft carbonate of lime. --
Fossil ore, fossiliferous red hematite. Raymond.

Fos"sil, n. 1. A substance dug from the earth. [Obs.]

Formerly all minerals were called fossils, but the word is now
restricted to express the remains of animals and plants found buried in
the earth. Ure.

2. (Paleon.) The remains of an animal or plant found in stratified
rocks. Most fossils belong to extinct species, but many of the later
ones belong to species still living.

3. A person whose views and opinions are extremely antiquated; one
whose sympathies are with a former time rather than with the present.
[Colloq.]

Fos`sil*if"er*ous (?), a. [Fossil + -ferous.] (Paleon.) Containing or
composed of fossils.

Fos*sil`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Fossil + L. facere to make.] The process
of becoming fossil.

Fos"sil*ism (?), n. 1. The science or state of fossils. Coleridge.

2. The state of being extremely antiquated in views and opinions.

Fos"sil*ist, n. One who is versed in the science of fossils; a
paleontologist. Joseph Black.

Fos`sil*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fossilisation.] The process of
converting, or of being converted, into a fossil.

Fos"sil*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fossilized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fossilizing (?).] [Cf. F. fossiliser.] 1. To convert into a fossil; to
petrify; as, to fossilize bones or wood.

2. To cause to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, as by fossilization;
to mummify; to deaden.

    Ten layers of birthdays on a woman's head Are apt to fossilize her
    girlish mirth.


Mrs. Browning.

Fos"sil*ize, v. i. 1. To become fossil.

2. To become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, beyond the influence of
change or progress.

Fos"sil*ized (?), a. Converted into a fossil; antiquated; firmly fixed
in views or opinions.

    A fossilized sample of confused provincialism.


Earle.

||Fos*so"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. fossor&?; digger, fr. fodere to
||dig.] (Zoˆl.) A group of hymenopterous insects including the sand
||wasps. They excavate cells in earth, where they deposit their eggs,
||with the bodies of other insects for the food of the young when
||hatched. [Written also Fossoria.]

||Fos*so"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) See Fossores.

Fos*so"ri*al (?), a. [L. fossor a digger.] Fitted for digging, adapted
for burrowing or digging; as, a fossorial foot; a fossorial animal.

Fos*so"ri*ous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Adapted for digging; -- said of the legs
of certain insects.

Fos"su*late (?), a. [L. fossula little ditch, dim. of fossa. See
Fosse.] Having, or surrounded by, long, narrow depressions or furrows.

Fos"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fostered (?), p. pr. & vb. n.
Fostering.] [OE. fostren, fr. AS. fster, fstor, food, nourishment, fr.
fda food. &radic;75. See Food.] 1. To feed; to nourish; to support; to
bring up.

    Some say that ravens foster forlorn children.


Shak.

2. To cherish; to promote the growth of; to encourage; to sustain and
promote; as, to foster genius.

Fos"ter, v. i. To be nourished or trained up together. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fos"ter, a. [AS. fster, fstor, nourishment. See Foster, v. t.] Relating
to nourishment; affording, receiving, or sharing nourishment or
nurture; -- applied to father, mother, child, brother, etc., to
indicate that the person so called stands in the relation of parent,
child, brother, etc., as regards sustenance and nurture, but not by tie
of blood.

Foster babe, or child, an infant of child nursed by a woman not its
mother, or bred by a man not its father. -- Foster brother, Foster
sister, one who is, or has been, nursed at the same breast, or brought
up by the same nurse as another, but is not of the same parentage. --
Foster dam, one who takes the place of a mother; a nurse. Dryden. --
Foster earth, earth by which a plant is nourished, though not its
native soil. J. Philips. --  Foster father, a man who takes the place
of a father in caring for a child. Bacon. -- Foster land. (a) Land
allotted for the maintenance of any one. [Obs.] (b) One's adopted
country. -- Foster lean [foster + AS. lÊn a loan See Loan.],
remuneration fixed for the rearing of a foster child; also, the
jointure of a wife. [Obs.] Wharton. -- Foster mother, a woman who takes
a mother's place in the nurture and care of a child; a nurse. -- Foster
nurse, a nurse; a nourisher. [R.] Shak. -- Foster parent, a foster
mother or foster father. -- Foster son, a male foster child.

Fos"ter, n. A forester. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fos"ter*age (?; 48), n. The care of a foster child; the charge of
nursing. Sir W. Raleigh.

Fos"ter*er (?), n. One who, or that which, fosters.

Fos"ter*ling, n. [AS. fstorling.] A foster child.

Fos"ter*ment (?), n. Food; nourishment. [Obs.]

Fos"tress (?), n. [For fosteress.] A woman who feeds and cherishes; a
nurse. B. Jonson.

Foth"er (?), n. [OE. fother, foder, AS. f&?;er a cartload; akin to G.
fuder a cartload, a unit of measure, OHG. fuodar, D. voeder, and perh.
to E. fathom, or cf. Skr. ptr vessel, dish. Cf. Fodder a fother.] 1. A
wagonload; a load of any sort. [Obs.]

    Of dung full many a fother.


Chaucer.

2. See Fodder, a unit of weight.

Foth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fothering.]
[Cf. Fodder food, and G. f¸ttern, futtern, to cover within or without,
to line. &radic;75.] To stop (a leak in a ship at sea) by drawing under
its bottom a thrummed sail, so that the pressure of the water may force
it into the crack. Totten.

Fo"tive (?), a. [L. fovere, fotum, to keep warm, to cherish.]
Nourishing. [Obs.] T. Carew (1633).

Fot"mal (?), n. (Com.) Seventy pounds of lead.

{ ||Fou`gade" (?), ||Fou`gasse" (?) }, n. (Mil.) A small mine, in the
form of a well sunk from the surface of the ground, charged with
explosive and projectiles. It is made in a position likely to be
occupied by the enemy.

Fought (?), imp. & p. p. of Fight.

Fought"en (?), p. p. of Fight. [Archaic]

Foul (foul), n. [See Fowl.] A bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Foul (foul), a. [Compar. Fouler (-r); superl. Foulest.] [OE. foul, ful,
AS. fl; akin to D. vuil, G. faul rotten, OHG. fl, Icel. fl foul, fetid;
Dan. fuul, Sw. ful foul, Goth. fls fetid, Lith. puti to be putrid, L.
putere to stink, be putrid, pus pus, Gr. py`on pus, to cause to rot,
Skr. py to stink. &radic;82. Cf. Defile to foul, File to foul, Filth,
Pus, Putrid.] 1. Covered with, or containing, extraneous matter which
is injurious, noxious, offensive, or obstructive; filthy; dirty; not
clean; polluted; nasty; defiled; as, a foul cloth; foul hands; a foul
chimney; foul air; a ship's bottom is foul when overgrown with
barnacles; a gun becomes foul from repeated firing; a well is foul with
polluted water.

    My face is foul with weeping.


Job. xvi. 16.

2. Scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive; as, foul words; foul
language.

3. Hateful; detestable; shameful; odious; wretched. "The foul with
Sycorax." Shak.

    Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?


Milton.

4. Loathsome; disgusting; as, a foul disease.

5. Ugly; homely; poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    Let us, like merchants, show our foulest wares.


Shak.

6. Not favorable; unpropitious; not fair or advantageous; as, a foul
wind; a foul road; cloudy or rainy; stormy; not fair; -- said of the
weather, sky, etc.

    So foul a sky clears not without a storm.


Shak.

7. Not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game,
conflict, test, etc.; unfair; dishonest; dishonorable; cheating; as,
foul play.

8. Having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or
entanglement; entangled; -- opposed to clear; as, a rope or cable may
get foul while paying it out.

<! p. 590 !>

Foul anchor. (Naut.) See under Anchor. -- Foul ball (Baseball), a ball
that first strikes the ground outside of the foul ball lines, or rolls
outside of certain limits. -- Foul ball lines (Baseball), lines from
the home base, through the first and third bases, to the boundary of
the field. -- Foul berth (Naut.), a berth in which a ship is in danger
of fouling another vesel. -- Foul bill, or Foul bill of health, a
certificate, duly authenticated, that a ship has come from a place
where a contagious disorder prevails, or that some of the crew are
infected. -- Foul copy, a rough draught, with erasures and corrections;
-- opposed to fair or clean copy. "Some writers boast of negligence,
and others would be ashamed to show their foul copies." Cowper. -- Foul
proof, an uncorrected proof; a proof containing an excessive quantity
of errors. -- Foul strike (Baseball), a strike by the batsman when any
part of his person is outside of the lines of his position. -- To fall
foul, to fall out; to quarrel. [Obs.] "If they be any ways offended,
they fall foul." Burton. -- To fall, or run, foul of. See under Fall.
-- To make foul water, to sail in such shallow water that the ship's
keel stirs the mud at the bottom.

Foul (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fouled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fouling.] 1.
To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to soil; as, to foul the
face or hands with mire.

2. (Mil.) To incrust (the bore of a gun) with burnt powder in the
process of firing.

3. To cover (a ship's bottom) with anything that impered its sailing;
as, a bottom fouled with barnacles.

4. To entangle, so as to impede motion; as, to foul a rope or cable in
paying it out; to come into collision with; as, one boat fouled the
other in a race.

Foul, v. i. 1. To become clogged with burnt powder in the process of
firing, as a gun.

2. To become entagled, as ropes; to come into collision with something;
as, the two boats fouled.

Foul, n. 1. An entanglement; a collision, as in a boat race.

2. (Baseball) See Foul ball, under Foul, a.

||Fou`lard" (?), n. [F.] A thin, washable material of silk, or silk and
||cotton, originally imported from India, but now also made elsewhere.

Foul"der (?), v. i. [OE. fouldre lightning, fr. F. foudre, OF. also
fouldre, fr. L. fulgur. See Fulgor.] To flash, as lightning; to
lighten; to gleam; to thunder. [Obs.] "Flames of fouldering heat."
Spenser.

Foul"e (?), adv. Foully. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Foul"ly (?), v. In a foul manner; filthily; nastily; shamefully;
unfairly; dishonorably.

    I foully wronged him; do forgive me, do.


Gay.

Foul"-mouthed` (?), a. Using language scurrilous, opprobrious, obscene,
or profane; abusive.

    So foul-mouthed a witness never appeared in any cause.


Addison.

Foul"ness, n. [AS. flnes.] The quality or condition of being foul.

Foul"-spo`ken (?), a. Using profane, scurrilous, slanderous, or obscene
language. Shak.

Fou"mart` (?), n. [OE. folmard, fulmard; AS. f&?;l foul + mear, meard,
marten: cf. F. marte, martre. See Foul, a., and Marten the quadruped.]
(Zoˆl.) The European polecat; -- called also European ferret, and
fitchew. See Polecat. [Written also foulmart, foulimart, and fulimart.]

Found (?), imp. & p. p. of Find.

Found, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Founded; p. pr. & vb. n. Founding.] [F.
fondre, L. fundere to found, pour.] To form by melting a metal, and
pouring it into a mold; to cast. "Whereof to found their engines."
Milton.

Found, n. A thin, single-cut file for combmakers.

Found, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Founded; p. pr. & vb. n. Founding.] [F.
fonder, L. fundare, fr. fundus bottom. See 1st Bottom, and cf. Founder,
v. i., Fund.] 1. To lay the basis of; to set, or place, as on something
solid, for support; to ground; to establish upon a basis, literal or
figurative; to fix firmly.

    I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the rock.


Shak.

    A man that all his time Hath founded his good fortunes on your
    love.


Shak.

    It fell not, for it was founded on a rock.


Matt. vii. 25.

2. To take the ffirst steps or measures in erecting or building up; to
furnish the materials for beginning; to begin to raise; to originate;
as, to found a college; to found a family.

    There they shall found Their government, and their great senate
    choose.


Milton.

Syn. -- To base; ground; institute; establish; fix. See Predicate.

Foun*da"tion (?), n. [F. fondation, L. fundatio. See Found to
establish.] 1. The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning
to erect.

2. That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands,
and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a
superstructure; groundwork; basis.

    Behold, I lay in Zion, for a foundation, a stone . . . a precious
    corner stone, a sure foundation.


Is. xxviii. 16.

    The foundation of a free common wealth.


Motley.

3. (Arch.) The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall,
including the base course (see Base course (a), under Base, n.) and
footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.

4. A donation or legacy appropriated to support a charitable
institution, and constituting a permanent fund; endowment.

    He was entered on the foundation of Westminster.


Macaulay.

5. That which is founded, or established by endowment; an endowed
institution or charity.

    Against the canon laws of our foundation.


Milton.

Foundation course. See Base course, under Base, n. -- Foundation
muslin, an open-worked gummed fabric used for stiffening dresses,
bonnets, etc. -- Foundation school, in England, an endowed school. --
To be on a foundation, to be entitled to a support from the proceeds of
an endowment, as a scholar or a fellow of a college.

Foun*da"tion*er (?), n. One who derives support from the funds or
foundation of a college or school. [Eng.]

Foun*da"tion*less, a. Having no foundation.

Found"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. fondeor, F. fondateur, L. fundator.] One who
founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author;
one from whom anything originates; one who endows.

Found"er, n. [From Found to cast.] One who founds; one who casts metals
in various forms; a caster; as, a founder of cannon, bells, hardware,
or types.

Fonder's dust. Same as Facing, 4. -- Founder's sand, a kind of sand
suitable for purposes of molding.

Found"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Foundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Foundering.] [OF. fondrer to fall in, cf. F. s'effondrer, fr. fond
bottom, L. fundus. See Found to establish.] 1. (Naut.) To become filled
with water, and sink, as a ship.

2. To fall; to stumble and go lame, as a horse.

    For which his horse fearÈ gan to turn, And leep aside, and
    foundrede as he leep.


Chaucer.

3. To fail; to miscarry. "All his tricks founder." Shak.

Found"er, v. t. To cause internal inflammation and soreness in the feet
or limbs of (a horse), so as to disable or lame him.

Found"er, n. (Far.) (a) A lameness in the foot of a horse, occasioned
by inflammation; closh. (b) An inflammatory fever of the body, or acute
rheumatism; as, chest founder. See Chest ffounder. James White.

Foun"der*ous (?), a. Difficult to travel; likely to trip one up; as, a
founderous road. [R.] Burke.

Found"er*shaft` (?), n. (Mining) The first shaft sunk. Raymond.

Found"er*y (?), n.; pl. Founderies (#). [F. fonderie, fr. fondre. See
Found to cast, and cf. Foundry.] Same as Foundry.

Found"ing, n. The art of smelting and casting metals.

Found"ling (?), n. [OE. foundling, fundling; finden to find + - ling;
cf. f¸ndling, findling. See Find, v. t., and -ling.] A deserted or
exposed infant; a child found without a parent or owner.

Foundling hospital, a hospital for foundlings.

Found"ress (?), n. A female founder; a woman who founds or establishes,
or who endows with a fund.

Found"ry (?), n.; pl. Foundries (#). [See Foundery.] 1. The act,
process, or art of casting metals.

2. The buildings and works for casting metals.

Foundry ladle, a vessel for holding molten metal and conveying it from
cupola to the molds.

Fount (?), n. [See Font.] (Print.) A font.

Fount, n. [OF. font, funt, fr. L. fons, fontis, a fountain; of
uncertain origin, perh. akin to fundere to pour, E. found to cast. Cf.
Font.] A fountain.

Foun"tain (foun"tn), n. [F. fontaine, LL. fontana, fr. L. fons, fontis.
See 2d Fount.] 1. A spring of water issuing from the earth.

2. An artificially produced jet or stream of water; also, the structure
or works in which such a jet or stream rises or flows; a basin built
and constantly supplied with pure water for drinking and other useful
purposes, or for ornament.

3. A reservoir or chamber to contain a liquid which can be conducted or
drawn off as needed for use; as, the ink fountain in a printing press,
etc.

4. The source from which anything proceeds, or from which anything is
supplied continuously; origin; source.

    Judea, the fountain of the gospel.


Fuller.

    Author of all being, Fountain of light, thyself invisible.


Milton.

Air fountain. See under Air. -- Fountain heead, primary source;
original; first principle. Young. -- Fountain inkstand, an inkstand
having a continual supply of ink, as from elevated reservoir. --
Fountain lamp, a lamp fed with oil from an elevated reservoir. --
Fountain pen, a pen with a reservoir in the handle which furnishes a
supply of ink. -- Fountain pump. (a) A structure for a fountain, having
the form of a pump. (b) A portable garden pump which throws a jet, for
watering plants, etc. -- Fountain shell (Zoˆl.), the large West Indian
conch shell (Strombus gigas). -- Fountain of youth, a mythical fountain
whose waters were fabled to have the property of renewing youth.

Foun"tain*less, a. Having no fountain; destitute of springs or sources
of water.

    Barren desert, fountainless and dry.


Milton.

Fount"ful (?), a. Full of fountains. Pope.

Four (fr), a. [OE. four, fower, feower, AS. feÛwer; akin to OS. fiwar,
D. & G. vier, OHG. fior, Icel. fjrir, Sw. fyra, Dan. fire, Goth. fidwr,
Russ. chetuire, chetvero, W. pedwar, L. quatuor, Gr. te`ttares,
te`ssares, pi`syres, Skr. catur. &radic;302. Cf. Farthing, Firkin,
Forty, Cater four, Quater-cousin, Quatuor, Quire of paper, tetrarch.]
One more than three; twice two.

Four, n. 1. The sum of four units; four units or objects.

2. A symbol representing four units, as 4 or iv.

3. Four things of the same kind, esp. four horses; as, a chariot and
four.

All fours. See All fours, in the Vocabulary.

{ Fourb, Fourbe (?) }, n. [F.] A tricky fellow; a cheat. [Obs.] Evelyn.
Denham.

||Four`chÈ" (fr`sh"), a. [F. See Fork.] (Her.) Having the ends forked
||or branched, and the ends of the branches terminating abruptly as if
||cut off; -- said of an ordinary, especially of a cross.

||Four`chette" (fr`sht"), n. [F., dim. of fourche. See Fork.] 1. A
||table fork.

2. (Anat.) (a) A small fold of membrane, connecting the labia in the
posterior part of the vulva. (b) The wishbone or furculum of birds. (c)
The frog of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.

3. (Surg.) An instrument used to raise and support the tongue during
the cutting of the frÊnum.

4. (Glove Making) The forked piece between two adjacent fingers, to
which the front and back portions are sewed. Knight.

Four"-cor`nered (?), a. Having four corners or angles.

Four`dri`nier" (?), n. A machine used in making paper; -- so named from
an early inventor of improvements in this class of machinery.

Four"fold` (?), a. & adv. [AS. feÛwerfeold.] Four times; quadruple; as,
a fourfold division.

    He shall restore the lamb fourfold.


2 Sam. xii. 6.

Four"fold`, n. Four times as many or as much.

Four"fold`, v. t. To make four times as much or as many, as an
assessment; to quadruple.

Four"foot`ed (?), a. Having four feet; quadruped; as, fourfooted
beasts.

||Four`gon" (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) (a) An ammunition wagon. (b) A French
||baggage wagon.

Four"hand`ed (?), a. 1. Having four hands; quadrumanous. Goldsmith.

2. Requiring four "hands" or players; as, a fourhanded game at cards.

Fou"ri*er*ism (?), n. The coˆperative socialistic system of Charles
Fourier, a Frenchman, who recommended the reorganization of society
into small communities, living in common.

{ Fou"ri*er*ist, Fou"ri*er*ite (?) }, n. One who adopts the views of
Fourier.

Four"-in-hand (?), a. Consisting of four horses controlled by one
person; as, a four-in-hand team; drawn by four horses driven by one
person; as, a four-in- hand coach. -- n. A team of four horses driven
by one person; also, a vehicle drawn by such a team.

    As quaint a four-in-hand As you shall see.


Tennyson.

Four"ling, n. 1. One of four children born at the same time.

2. (Crystallog.) A compound or twin crystal consisting of four
individuals.

||Four`neau" (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) The chamber of a mine in which the
||powder is placed.

Four"-o'clock` (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Mirabilis. There
are about half a dozen species, natives of the warmer parts of America.
The common four-o'clock is M. Jalapa. Its flowers are white, yellow,
and red, and open toward sunset, or earlier in cloudy weather; hence
the name. It is also called marvel of Peru, and afternoon lady.

2. (Zoˆl.) The friar bird; -- so called from its cry, which resembles
these words.

Four"pence (?), n. 1. A British silver coin, worth four pence; a groat.

2. A name formerly given in New England to the Spanish half real, a
silver coin worth six and a quarter cents.

Four"-post`er (?), n. A large bedstead with tall posts at the corners
to support curtains. [Colloq.]

Four"rier (?; F. &?;), n. [F., fr. OF. forre. See Forage, n.] A
harbinger. [Obs.]

Four"score` (?), a. [Four + core, n.] Four times twenty; eighty.

Four"score`, n. The product of four times twenty; eighty units or
objects.

Four"square` (?), a. Having four sides and four equal angles. Sir W.
Raleigh.

Four"teen` (?), a. [OE. fourtene, feowertene, AS. feÛwertne, feÛwertne.
See Four, and Ten, and cf. Forty.] Four and ten more; twice seven.

Four"teen`, n. 1. The sum of ten and four; forteen units or objects.

2. A symbol representing fourteen, as 14 or xiv.

Four"teenth` (?), a. [Cf. OE. fourtende, fourtethe, AS. feÛwerteoa.]
1. Next in order after the thirteenth; as, the fourteenth day of the
month.

2. Making or constituting one of fourteen equal parts into which
anything may be divided.

Four"teenth`, n. 1. One of fourteen equal parts into which one whole
may be divided; the quotient of a unit divided by fourteen; one next
after the thirteenth.

2. (Mus.) The octave of the seventh.

Fourth (?), a. [OE. fourthe, ferthe, feorthe, AS. feÛra, fr. feÛwer
four.] 1. Next in order after the third; the ordinal of four.

2. Forming one of four equal parts into which anything may be divided.

Fourth, n. 1. One of four equal parts into which one whole may be
divided; the quotient of a unit divided by four; one coming next in
order after the third.

2. (Mus.) The interval of two tones and a semitone, embracing four
diatonic degrees of the scale; the subdominant of any key.

The Fourth, specifically, in the United States, the fourth day of July,
the anniversary of the declaration of American independence; as, to
celebrate the Fourth.

Fourth"ly, adv. In the fourth place.

Four"-way` (?), a. Allowing passage in either of four directions; as, a
four-way cock, or valve. Francis.

Four-way cock, a cock connected with four pipes or ports, and having
two or more passages in the plug, by which the adjacent pipes or ports
may be made to communicate; formerly used as a valve in the steam
engine, and now for various other purposes. In the illustration, a
leads to the upper end of a steam engine cylinder, and b to the lower
end; c is the steam pipe, and d the exhaust pipe.

<! p. 591 !>

Four"-wheeled` (?), a. Having four wheels.

Four"-wheel`er (?), n. A vehicle having four wheels. [Colloq.]

||Fous"sa (?), n. [Natibe name.] (Zoˆl.) A viverrine animal of
||Madagascar (Cryptoprocta ferox). It resembles a cat in size and form,
||and has retractile claws.

Fou"ter (?), n. [F. foutre to lecher, L. futuere. Cf. Fouty.] A
despicable fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett.

Fou"tra (?), n. [See Fouter.] A fig; -- a word of contempt. [Obs.]

    A foutra for the world and wordlings base!


Shak.

Fou"ty (?), a. [Cf. F. foutu, p. p. of foutre; OF. foutu scoundrel. See
Fouter.] Despicable. [Obs.]

||Fo"ve*a (?), n.; pl. FoveÊ (#). [L., a small pit.] A slight
||depression or pit; a fossa.

Fo"ve*ate (?), a. [L. fovea a pit.] Having pits or depressions; pitted.

||Fo*ve"o*la (?), n.; pl. FoveolÊ (#). [NL., dim. of L. fovea.] A small
||depression or pit; a fovea.

Fo"ve*o*late (? or ?), a. Having small pits or depressions, as the
receptacle in some composite flowers.

Fo"ve*o*la`ted (?), a. Foveolate.

Fo*vil"la (?), n.; pl. FovillÊ (#). [Dim. fr. L. fovere to cherish.]
(Bot.) One of the fine granules contained in the protoplasm of a pollen
grain.

Fowl (?), n. Instead of the pl. Fowls the singular is often used
collectively. [OE. foul, fowel, foghel, fuhel, fugel, AS. fugol; akin
to OS. fugal D. & G. vogel, OHG. fogal, Icel. & Dan. fugl, Sw. fogel,
fÂgel, Goth. fugls; of unknown origin, possibly by loss of l, from the
root of E. fly, or akin to E. fox, as being a tailed animal.] 1. Any
bird; esp., any large edible bird.

    Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl
    of the air.


Gen. i. 26.

    Behold the fowls of the air; for they sow not.


Matt. vi. 26.

    Like a flight of fowl Scattered by winds and high tempestuous
    gusts.


Shak.

2. Any domesticated bird used as food, as a hen, turkey, duck; in a
more restricted sense, the common domestic cock or hen (Gallus
domesticus).

Barndoor fowl, or Barnyard fowl, a fowl that frequents the barnyard;
the common domestic cock or hen.

Fowl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fowled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fowling.] To
catch or kill wild fowl, for game or food, as by shooting, or by
decoys, nets, etc.

    Such persons as may lawfully hunt, fish, or fowl.


Blackstone.

Fowling piece, a light gun with smooth bore, adapted for the use of
small shot in killing birds or small quadrupeds.

Fowl"er (?), n. A sportsman who pursues wild fowl, or takes or kills
for food.

Fow"ler*ite (?), n. [From Dr. Samuel Fowler.] (Min.) A variety of
rhodonite, from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, containing some zinc.

Fow"ler's so*lu"tion (?). An aqueous solution of arsenite of potassium,
of such strength that one hundred parts represent one part of arsenious
acid, or white arsenic; -- named from Fowler, an English physician who
first brought it into use.

Fox (?), n.; pl. Foxes (#). [AS. fox; akin to D. vos, G. fuchs, OHG.
fuhs, foha, Goth. fa˙h&?;, Icel. f&?;a fox, fox fraud; of unknown
origin, cf. Skr. puccha tail. Cf. Vixen.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A carnivorous
animal of the genus Vulpes, family CanidÊ, of many species. The
European fox (V. vulgaris or V. vulpes), the American red fox (V.
fulvus), the American gray fox (V. Virginianus), and the arctic, white,
or blue, fox (V. lagopus) are well-known species.

The black or silver-gray fox is a variety of the American red fox,
producing a fur of great value; the cross- gray and woods-gray foxes
are other varieties of the same species, of less value. The common
foxes of Europe and America are very similar; both are celebrated for
their craftiness. They feed on wild birds, poultry, and various small
animals.

    Subtle as the fox for prey.


Shak.

2. (Zoˆl.) The European dragonet.

3. (Zoˆl.) The fox shark or thrasher shark; -- called also sea fox. See
Thrasher shark, under Shark.

4. A sly, cunning fellow. [Colloq.]

    We call a crafty and cruel man a fox.


Beattie.

5. (Naut.) Rope yarn twisted together, and rubbed with tar; -- used for
seizings or mats.

6. A sword; -- so called from the stamp of a fox on the blade, or
perhaps of a wolf taken for a fox. [Obs.]

    Thou diest on point of fox.


Shak.

7. pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians which, with the Sacs, formerly
occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin; -- called also
Outagamies.

Fox and geese. (a) A boy's game, in which one boy tries to catch others
as they run one goal to another. (b) A game with sixteen checkers, or
some substitute for them, one of which is called the fox, and the rest
the geese; the fox, whose first position is in the middle of the board,
endeavors to break through the line of the geese, and the geese to pen
up the fox. -- Fox bat (Zoˆl.), a large fruit bat of the genus
Pteropus, of many species, inhabiting Asia, Africa, and the East
Indies, esp. P. medius of India. Some of the species are more than four
feet across the outspread wings. See Fruit bat. -- Fox bolt, a bolt
having a split end to receive a fox wedge. -- Fox brush (Zoˆl.), the
tail of a fox. -- Fox evil, a disease in which the hair falls off;
alopecy. -- Fox grape (Bot.), the name of two species of American
grapes. The northern fox grape (Vitis Labrusca) is the origin of the
varieties called Isabella, Concord, Hartford, etc., and the southern
fox grape (Vitis vulpina) has produced the Scuppernong, and probably
the Catawba. -- Fox hunter. (a) One who pursues foxes with hounds. (b)
A horse ridden in a fox chase. -- Fox shark (Zoˆl.), the thrasher
shark. See Thrasher shark, under Thrasher. -- Fox sleep, pretended
sleep. -- Fox sparrow (Zoˆl.), a large American sparrow (Passerella
iliaca); -- so called on account of its reddish color. -- Fox squirrel
(Zoˆl.), a large North American squirrel (Sciurus niger, or S.
cinereus). In the Southern States the black variety prevails; farther
north the fulvous and gray variety, called the cat squirrel, is more
common. -- Fox terrier (Zoˆl.), one of a peculiar breed of terriers,
used in hunting to drive foxes from their holes, and for other
purposes. There are rough- and smooth-haired varieties. -- Fox trot, a
pace like that which is adopted for a few steps, by a horse, when
passing from a walk into a trot, or a trot into a walk. -- Fox wedge
(Mach. & Carpentry), a wedge for expanding the split end of a bolt,
cotter, dowel, tenon, or other piece, to fasten the end in a hole or
mortise and prevent withdrawal. The wedge abuts on the bottom of the
hole and the piece is driven down upon it. Fastening by fox wedges is
called foxtail wedging. -- Fox wolf (Zoˆl.), one of several South
American wild dogs, belonging to the genus Canis. They have long, bushy
tails like a fox.

Fox (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foxing.] [See
Fox, n., cf. Icel. fox imposture.] 1. To intoxicate; to stupefy with
drink.

    I drank . . . so much wine that I was almost foxed.


Pepys.

2. To make sour, as beer, by causing it to ferment.

3. To repair the feet of, as of boots, with new front upper leather, or
to piece the upper fronts of.

Fox, v. i. To turn sour; -- said of beer, etc., when it sours in
fermenting.

Fox"earth` (?), n. A hole in the earth to which a fox resorts to hide
himself.

Foxed (?), a. 1. Discolored or stained; -- said of timber, and also of
the paper of books or engravings.

2. Repaired by foxing; as, foxed boots.

Fox"e*ry (?), n. Behavior like that of a fox; cunning. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fox"es (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Fox, n., 7.

Fox"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The fox shark; -- called also sea fox.
See Thrasher shark, under Shark. (b) The european dragonet. See
Dragonet.

Fox"glove` (?), n. [AS. foxes- glfa, foxes-clfa,foxes-clife.] (Bot.)
Any plant of the genus Digitalis. The common English foxglove
(Digitalis purpurea) is a handsome perennial or biennial plant, whose
leaves are used as a powerful medicine, both as a sedative and
diuretic. See Digitalis.

    Pan through the pastures oftentimes hath run To pluck the speckled
    foxgloves from their stem.


W. Browne.

Fox"hound` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of a special breed of hounds used for
chasing foxes.

Fox"-hunt`ing (?), a. Pertaining to or engaged in the hunting of foxes;
fond of hunting foxes.

Fox"i*ness (?), n. 1. The state or quality of being foxy, or foxlike;
craftiness; shrewdness.

2. The state of being foxed or discolored, as books; decay;
deterioration.

3. A coarse and sour taste in grapes.

Fox"ish, a. Foxlike. [Obs.]

Fox"like` (?), a. Resembling a fox in his characteristic qualities;
cunning; artful; foxy.

Fox"ly, a. Foxlike. [Obs.] "Foxly craft." Latimer.

Fox"ship, n. Foxiness; craftiness. [R.] Shak.

Fox"tail` (?), n. 1. The tail or brush of a fox.

2. (Bot.) The name of several kinds of grass having a soft dense head
of flowers, mostly the species of Alopecurus and Setaria.

3. (Metal.) The last cinders obtained in the fining process. Raymond.

Foxtail saw, a dovetail saw. -- Foxtail wedging. See Fox wedge, under
Fox.

Fox"y (?), a. 1. Like or pertaining to the fox; foxlike in disposition
or looks; wily.

    Modred's narrow, foxy face.


Tennyson.

2. Having the color of a fox; of a yellowish or reddish brown color; --
applied sometimes to paintings when they have too much of this color.

3. Having the odor of a fox; rank; strong smeelling.

4. Sour; unpleasant in taste; -- said of wine, beer, etc., not properly
fermented; -- also of grapes which have the coarse flavor of the fox
grape.

Foy (foi), n. [F. foi, old spelling foy, faith. See Faith.] 1. Faith;
allegiance; fealty. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A feast given by one about to leave a place. [Obs.]

    He did at the Dog give me, and some other friends of his, his foy,
    he being to set sail to-day.


Pepys.

||Foy`er" (?), n. [F., fr. LL. focarium fireplace. See Focus, n.] 1. A
||lobby in a theater; a greenroom.

2. The crucible or basin in a furnace which receives the molten metal.
Knight.

Foy"son (?), n. [Obs.] See Foison.

Fo"zi*ness (?), n. The state of being fozy; spiritlessness; dullness.
[Scot.]

    [The Whigs'] foziness can no longer be concealed.


Blackwood's.

Fo"zy (?), a. Spongy; soft; fat and puffy. [Scot.]

Fra (fr), adv. & prep. [OE.] Fro. [Old Eng. & Scot.]

Fra (fr), n. [It., for frate. See Friar.] Brother; -- a title of a monk
or friar; as, Fra Angelo. Longfellow.

Frab (?), v. i. & t. To scold; to nag. [Prov. Eng.]

Frab"bit (?), a. Crabbed; peevish. [Prov. Eng.]

Fra"cas (fr"kas; F. fr`k‰"; 277), n. [F., crash, din, tumult, It.
fracasso, fr. fracassare to break in pieces, perh. fr. fra within,
among (L. infra) + cassare to annul, cashier. Cf. Cashier, v. t.] An
uproar; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl.

Frache (frsh), n. A shallow iron pan to hold glass ware while being
annealed.

Frac"id (?), a. [L. fracidus mellow, soft.] Rotten from being too ripe;
overripe. [Obs.] Blount.

Fract (frkt), v. t. [L. fractus, p. p. of frangere to break.] To break;
to violate. [Obs.] Shak.

Frac"ted, a. (Her.) Having a part displaced, as if broken; -- said of
an ordinary. Macaulay.

Frac"tion (?), n. [F. fraction, L. fractio a breaking, fr. frangere,
fractum, to break. See Break.] 1. The act of breaking, or state of
being broken, especially by violence. [Obs.]

    Neither can the natural body of Christ be subject to any fraction
    or breaking up.


Foxe.

2. A portion; a fragment.

    Some niggard fractions of an hour.


Tennyson.

3. (Arith. or Alg.) One or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole
number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude.

Common, or Vulgar, fraction, a fraction in which the number of equal
parts into which the integer is supposed to be divided is indicated by
figures or letters, called the denominator, written below a line, over
which is the numerator, indicating the number of these parts included
in the fraction; as Ω, one half, , two fifths. -- Complex fraction, a
fraction having a fraction or mixed number in the numerator or
denominator, or in both. Davies & Peck. -- Compound fraction, a
fraction of a fraction; two or more fractions connected by of. --
Continued fraction, Decimal fraction, Partial fraction, etc. See under
Continued, Decimal, Partial, etc. -- Improper fraction, a fraction in
which the numerator is greater than the denominator. -- Proper
fraction, a fraction in which the numerator is less than the
denominator.

Frac"tion, v. t. (Chem.) To separate by means of, or to subject to,
fractional distillation or crystallization; to fractionate; --
frequently used with out; as, to fraction out a certain grade of oil
from pretroleum.

Frac"tion*al (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to fractions or a fraction;
constituting a fraction; as, fractional numbers.

2. Relatively small; inconsiderable; insignificant; as, a fractional
part of the population.

Fractional crystallization (Chem.), a process of gradual and
approximate purification and separation, by means of repeated solution
and crystallization therefrom. -- Fractional currency, small coin, or
paper notes, in circulation, of less value than the monetary unit. --
Fractional distillation (Chem.), a process of distillation so conducted
that a mixture of liquids, differing considerably from each other in
their boiling points, can be separated into its constituents.

Frac"tion*al*ly, adv. By fractions or separate portions; as, to distill
a liquid fractionally, that is, so as to separate different portions.

Frac"tion*a*ry (?), a. Fractional. [Obs.]

Frac"tion*ate (?), v. t. To separate into different portions or
fractions, as in the distillation of liquids.

Frac"tious (?), a. [Cf. Prov. E. frack forward, eager, E. freak,
fridge; or Prov. E. fratch to squabble, quarrel.] Apt to break out into
a passion; apt to scold; cross; snappish; ugly; unruly; as, a fractious
man; a fractious horse.

Syn. -- Snappish; peevish; waspish; cross; irritable; perverse;
pettish.

-- Frac"tious*ly, v. -- Frac"tious*ness, n.

Frac"tur*al (?; 135), a. Pertaining to, or consequent on, a fracture.
[R.]

Frac"ture (?; 135), n. [L. fractura, fr. frangere, fractum, to break:
cf. F. fracture. See Fraction.] 1. The act of breaking or snapping
asunder; rupture; breach.

2. (Surg.) The breaking of a bone.

3. (Min.) The texture of a freshly broken surface; as, a compact
fracture; an even, hackly, or conchoidal fracture.

Comminuted fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the bone is broken
into several parts. -- Complicated fracture (Surg.), a fracture of the
bone combined with the lesion of some artery, nervous trunk, or joint.
-- Compound fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which there is an open
wound from the surface down to the fracture. -- Simple fracture
(Surg.), a fracture in which the bone only is ruptured. It does not
communicate with the surface by an open wound.

Syn. -- Fracture, Rupture. These words denote different kinds of
breaking, according to the objects to which they are applied. Fracture
is applied to hard substances; as, the fracture of a bone. Rupture is
oftener applied to soft substances; as, the rupture of a blood vessel.
It is also used figuratively. "To be an enemy and once to have been a
friend, does it not embitter the rupture?" South.

<! p. 592 !>

Frac"ture (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fractured (#; 135); p. pr. &
vb. n.. Fracturing.] [Cf. F. fracturer.] To cause a fracture or
fractures in; to break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate the
continuous parts of; as, to fracture a bone; to fracture the skull.

||FrÊn"u*lum (?), n.; pl. FrÊnula (#). [NL., dim. of L. fraenum a
||bridle.] (Anat.) A frÊnum.

{ FrÊ"num (?), or Fre"num }, n.; pl. E. FrÊnums (#), L. FrÊna (#). [L.,
a bridle.] (Anat.) A connecting fold of membrane serving to support or
restrain any part; as, the frÊnum of the tongue.

Frag"ile (?), a. [L. fragilis, from frangere to break; cf. F. fragile.
See Break, v. t., and cf. Frail, a.] Easily broken; brittle; frail;
delicate; easily destroyed.

    The state of ivy is tough, and not fragile.


Bacon.

Syn. -- Brittle; infirm; weak; frail; frangible; slight.

-- Frag"ile*ly, adv.

Fra*gil"i*ty (?), n. [L. fragilitas: cf. F. fragilitÈ. Cf. Frailty.] 1.
The condition or quality of being fragile; brittleness; frangibility.
Bacon.

2. Weakness; feebleness.

    An appearance of delicacy, and even of fragility, is almost
    essential to it [beauty].


Burke.

3. Liability to error and sin; frailty. [Obs.]

    The fragility and youthful folly of Qu. Fabius.


Holland.

Frag"ment (?), n. [L. fragmentum, fr. frangere to break: cf. F.
fragment. See Break, v. t.] A part broken off; a small, detached
portion; an imperfect part; as, a fragment of an ancient writing.

    Gather up the fragments that remain.


John vi. 12.

Frag*men"tal (?), a. 1. Fragmentary.

2. (Geol.) Consisting of the pulverized or fragmentary material of
rock, as conglomerate, shale, etc.

Frag*men"tal, n. (Geol.) A fragmentary rock.

Frag"men*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a fragmentary manner; piecemeal.

Frag"men*ta*ri*ness, n. The quality or property of being in fragments,
or broken pieces; incompleteness; want of continuity. G. Eliot.

Frag"men*ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. fragmentaire.] 1. Composed of fragments,
or broken pieces; disconnected; not complete or entire. Donne.

2. (Geol.) Composed of the fragments of other rocks.

Frag"ment*ed (?), a. Broken into fragments.

Frag"ment*ist, n. A writer of fragments; as, the fragmentist of
Wolfenb¸ttel. [R.]

||Fra"gor (&?;), n. [L., a breaking to pieces, fr. frangere to break.]
||1. A loud and sudden sound; the report of anything bursting; a crash.
||I. Watts.

2. [Due to confusion with fragrant.] A strong or sweet scent. [Obs. &
Illegitimate.] Sir T. Herbert.

{ Fra"grance (?), Fra"gran*cy (?) }, n. [L. fragrantia: cf. OF.
fragrance.] The quality of being fragrant; sweetness of smell; a sweet
smell; a pleasing odor; perfume.

    Eve separate he spies, Veiled in a cloud of fragrance.


Milton.

    The goblet crowned, Breathed aromatic fragrancies around.


Pope.

Fra"grant (?), a. [L. fragrans. -antis, p. pr. of fragrare to emit a
smell of fragrance: cf. OF. fragrant.] Affecting the olfactory nerves
agreeably; sweet of smell; odorous; having or emitting an agreeable
perfume.

    Fragrant the fertile earth After soft showers.


Milton.

Syn. -- Sweet-smelling; odorous; odoriferous; sweet- scented; redolent;
ambrosial; balmy; spicy; aromatic.

-- Fra"grant*ly, adv.

Fraight (?), a. Same as Fraught. [Obs.] Spenser.

Frail (?), n. [OE. fraiel, fraile, OF. fraiel, freel, frael, fr. LL.
fraellum.] A basket made of rushes, used chiefly for containing figs
and raisins.

2. The quantity of raisins -- about thirty- two, fifty-six, or
seventy-five pounds, -- contained in a frail.

3. A rush for weaving baskets. Johnson.

Frail, a. [Compar. Frailer (?); superl. Frailest.] [OE. frele, freile,
OF. fraile, frele, F. frÍle, fr. L. fragilis. See Fragile.] 1. Easily
broken; fragile; not firm or durable; liable to fail and perish; easily
destroyed; not tenacious of life; weak; infirm.

    That I may know how frail I am.


Ps. xxxix. 4.

    An old bent man, worn and frail.


Lowell.

2. Tender. [Obs.]

    Deep indignation and compassion.


Spenser.

3. Liable to fall from virtue or be led into sin; not strong against
temptation; weak in resolution; also, unchaste; -- often applied to
fallen women.

    Man is frail, and prone to evil.


Jer. Taylor.

Frail"ly, adv. Weakly; infirmly.

Frail"ness, n. Frailty.

Frail"ty (frl"t), n.; pl. Frailties (-tz). [OE. frelete, freilte, OF.
frailetÈ, fr. L. fragilitas. See Frail, a., and cf. Fragility.] 1. The
condition or quality of being frail, physically, mentally, or morally;
frailness; infirmity; weakness of resolution; liableness to be deceived
or seduced.

    God knows our frailty, [and] pities our weakness.


Locke.

2. A fault proceeding from weakness; foible; sin of infirmity.

Syn. -- Frailness; fragility; imperfection; failing.

||Frai"scheur (?), n. [OF.; F fraicheur, fr. frais, fem. fraÓche,
||fresh; of German origin. See Frash, a.] Freshness; coolness. [R.]
||Dryden.

Fraise (?), n. [See Froise.] A large and thick pancake, with slices of
bacon in it. [Obs.] Johnson.

||Fraise (?), n. [F. fraise, orig., a ruff, cf. F. frise frieze, E.
||frieze a coarse stuff.] 1. (Fort.) A defense consisting of pointed
||stakes driven into the ramparts in a horizontal or inclined position.

2. (Mech.) A fluted reamer for enlarging holes in stone; a small
milling cutter.

Fraise, v. t. (Mil.) To protect, as a line of troops, against an onset
of cavalry, by opposing bayonets raised obliquely forward. Wilhelm.

Fraised (?), a. Fortified with a fraise.

Frak"en (?), n. A freckle. [Obs.]

    A few fraknes in his face.


Chaucer.

Fram"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being framed.

||Fram*bÊ"si*a (?), n. [F. & NL., fr. F. framboise raspberry.] (Med.)
||The yaws. See Yaws.

Frame (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Framed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Framing.]
[OE. framen, fremen, to execute, build, AS. fremman to further,
perform, effect, fr. fram strong, valiant; akin to E. foremost, and
prob. to AS. fram from, Icel. fremja, frama, to further, framr forward,
G. fromm worthy, excellent, pious. See Foremost, From, and cf.
Furnish.] 1. (Arch. & Engin.) To construct by fitting and uniting the
several parts of the skeleton of any structure; specifically, in
woodwork, to put together by cutting parts of one member to fit parts
of another. See Dovetail, Halve, v. t., Miter, Tenon, Tooth, Tusk,
Scarf, and Splice.

2. To originate; to plan; to devise; to contrive; to compose; in a bad
sense, to invent or fabricate, as something false.

    How many excellent reasonings are framed in the mind of a man of
    wisdom and study in a length of years.


I. Watts.

3. To fit to something else, or for some specific end; to adjust; to
regulate; to shape; to conform.

    And frame my face to all occasions.


Shak.

    We may in some measure frame our minds for the reception of
    happiness.


Landor.

    The human mind is framed to be influenced.


I. Taylor.

4. To cause; to bring about; to produce. [Obs.]

    Fear frames disorder, and disorder wounds.


Shak.

5. To support. [Obs. & R.]

    That on a staff his feeble steps did frame.


Spenser.

6. To provide with a frame, as a picture.

Frame, v. i. 1. To shape; to arrange, as the organs of speech. [Obs.]
Judg. xii. 6.

2. To proceed; to go. [Obs.]

    The bauty of this sinful dame Made many princes thither frame.


Shak.

Frame, n. 1. Anything composed of parts fitted and united together; a
fabric; a structure; esp., the constructional system, whether of timber
or metal, that gives to a building, vessel, etc., its model and
strength; the skeleton of a structure.

    These are thy glorious works, Parent of good, Almighty! thine this
    universal frame.


Milton.

2. The bodily structure; physical constitution; make or build of a
person.

    Some bloody passion shakes your very frame.


Shak.

    No frames could be strong enough to endure it.


Prescott.

3. A kind of open case or structure made for admitting, inclosing, or
supporting things, as that which incloses or contains a window, door,
picture, etc.; that on which anything is held or stretched; as: (a) The
skeleton structure which supports the boiler and machinery of a
locomotive upon its wheels. (b) (Founding) A molding box or flask,
which being filled with sand serves as a mold for castings. (c) The
ribs and stretchers of an umbrella or other structure with a fabric
covering. (d) A structure of four bars, adjustable in size, on which
cloth, etc., is stretched for quilting, embroidery, etc. (e) (Hort.) A
glazed portable structure for protecting young plants from frost. (f)
(Print.) A stand to support the type cases for use by the compositor.

4. (Mach.) A term applied, especially in England, to certain machines
built upon or within framework; as, a stocking frame; lace frame;
spinning frame, etc.

5. Form; shape; proportion; scheme; structure; constitution; system;
as, a frameof government.

    She that hath a heart of that fine frame To pay this debt of love
    but to a brother.


Shak.

    Put your discourse into some frame.


Shak.

6. Particular state or disposition, as of the mind; humor; temper;
mood; as, to be always in a happy frame.

7. Contrivance; the act of devising or scheming. [Obs.]

    John the bastard Whose spirits toil in frame of villainies.


Shak.

Balloon frame, Cant frames, etc. See under Balloon, Cant, etc. -- Frame
building or house, a building of which the form and support is made of
framed timbers. [U.S.] -- Frame level, a mason's level. -- Frame saw, a
thin saw stretched in a frame to give it rigidity.

Fram"er (?), n. One who frames; as, the framer of a building; the
framers of the Constitution.

Frame"work` (?), n. 1. The work of framing, or the completed work; the
frame or constructional part of anything; as, the framework of society.

    A staunch and solid piece of framework.


Milton.

2. Work done in, or by means of, a frame or loom.

Fram"ing, n. 1. The act, process, or style of putting together a frame,
or of constructing anything; a frame; that which frames.

2. (Arch. & Engin.) A framework, or a sy&?; of frames.

Framing chisel (Carp.), a heavy chisel with a socket shank for making
mortises.

{ Fram"pel (?), Fram"poid (?) }, a. [Also written frampul, frampled,
framfold.] [Cf. W. fframfol passionate, ffrom angry, fretting; or perh.
akin to E. frump.] Peevish; cross; vexatious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Shak.

    Is Pompey grown so malapert, so frampel?


Beau. & Fl.

Franc (?), n. [F., fr. franc a Franc. See Frank, a.] A silver coin of
France, and since 1795 the unit of the French monetary system. It has
been adopted by Belgium and Swizerland. It is equivalent to about
nineteen cents, or ten pence, and is divided into 100 centimes.

Fran"chise (? or ?; 277), n. [F., fr. franc, fem. franche, free. See
Frank, a.] 1. Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom;
liberty. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (LAw) A particular privilege conferred by grant from a sovereign or
a government, and vested in individuals; an immunity or exemption from
ordinary jurisdiction; a constitutional or statutory right or
privilege, esp. the right to vote.

    Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is
    the one crowning franchise of the American people.


W. H. Seward.

3. The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege
extends; the limits of an immunity; hence, an asylum or sanctuary.

    Churches and mobasteries in Spain are franchises for criminals.


London Encyc.

4. Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness; nobility. "Franchise
in woman." [Obs.] Chaucer.

Elective franchise, the privilege or right of voting in an election of
public officers.

Fran"chise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Franchised (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Franchising.] [Cf. OF. franchir to free, F., to cross.] To make free;
to enfranchise; to give liberty to. Shak.

Fran"chise*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. franchissement.] Release; deliverance;
freedom. Spenser.

Fran"cic (?), a. [See Frank, a.] Pertaining to the Franks, or their
language; Frankish.

Fran*cis"can (?), a. [LL. Franciscus Francis: cf. F. franciscain.] (R.
C. Ch.) Belonging to the Order of St. Francis of the Franciscans.

Franciscan Brothers, pious laymen who devote themselves to useful
works, such as manual labor schools, and other educational
institutions; -- called also Brothers of the Third Order of St.
Francis. -- Franciscan Nuns, nuns who follow the rule of St. Francis,
esp. those of the Second Order of St. Francis, -- called also Poor
Clares or Minoresses. -- Franciscan Tertiaries, the Third Order of St.
Francis.

Fran*cis"can, n. (R.C.Ch.) A monk or friar of the Order of St. Francis,
a large and zealous order of mendicant monks founded in 1209 by St.
Francis of Assisi. They are called also Friars Minor; and in England,
Gray Friars, because they wear a gray habit.

Fran"co*lin (?), n. [F.; cf. It. francolino, Sp. francolin.] (Zoˆl.) A
spurred partidge of the genus Francolinus and allied genera, of Asia
and Africa. The common species (F. vulgaris) was formerly common in
southern Europe, but is now nearly restricted to Asia.

Fran"co*lite (?), n. (Min.) A variety of apatite from Wheal Franco in
Devonshire.

Fran"gent (?), a. [L. frangens, p. pr. of frangere. See Fraction.]
Causing fracture; breaking. [R.] H. Walpole.

Fran`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. frangibilitÈ.] The state or quality of
being frangible. Fox.

Fran"gi*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. frangible.] Capable of being broken;
brittle; fragile; easily broken.

||Fran"gi*pane (?), n. [F. frangipane; supposed to be called so from
||the inventor, the Marquis Frangipani, major general under Louis XIV.]
||1. A perfume of jasmine; frangipani.

2. A species of pastry, containing cream and almonds.

{ Fran`gi*pan"i (?), Fran`gi*pan"ni (?) }, n. [Another spelling of
frangipane.] A perfume derived from, or imitating the odor of, the
flower of the red jasmine, a West Indian tree of the genus Plumeria.

{ Fran*gu"lic (?), Fran`gu*lin"ic (?) }, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
drived from, frangulin, or a species (Rhamnus Frangula) of the
buckthorn.

Frangulinic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance, resembling
alizarin, and obtained by the decomposition of frangulin.

Fran"gu*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline dyestuff, regarded as
a glucoside, extracted from a species (Rhamnus Frangula) of the
buckthorn; -- called also rhamnoxanthin.

Fran"ion (?), n. [Perh. from F. fainÈant an idler.] A paramour; a loose
woman; also, a gay, idle fellow. [Obs.] Spenser.

Frank (?), n. [OF. franc.] A pigsty. [Obs.]

Frank, v. t. To shut up in a frank or sty; to pen up; hence, to cram;
to fatten. [Obs.] Shak.

Frank, n. (Zoˆl.) The common heron; -- so called from its note. [Prov.
Eng.]

<! p. 593 !>

Frank (?), a. [Compar Franker (?); superl. Frankest.] [F. franc free,
frank, L. Francus a Frank, fr. OHG. Franko the name of a Germanic
people on the Rhine, who afterward founded the French monarchy; cf. AS.
franca javelin, Icel. frakka. Cf. Franc, French, a., Franchise, n.] 1.
Unbounded by restrictions, limitations, etc.; free. [R.] "It is of
frank gift." Spenser.

2. Free in uttering one's real sentiments; not reserved; using no
disguise; candid; ingenuous; as, a frank nature, conversation, manner,
etc.

3. Liberal; generous; profuse. [Obs.]

    Frank of civilities that cost them nothing.


L'Estrange.

4. Unrestrained; loose; licentious; -- used in a bad sense. Spenser.

Syn. -- Ingenuous; candid; artless; plain; open; unreserved;
undisguised; sincere. See Candid, Ingenuous.

Frank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Franked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Franking.]
1. To send by public conveyance free of expense. Dickens.

2. To extempt from charge for postage, as a letter, package, or packet,
etc.

Frank, n. [See Frank, a.] The privilege of sending letters or other
mail matter, free of postage, or without charge; also, the sign, mark,
or signature denoting that a letter or other mail matter is to free of
postage.

    I have said so much, that, if I had not a frank, I must burn my
    letter and begin again.


Cowper.

Frank, n. [Cf. F. franc. See Frank, a.] 1. (Ethnol.) A member of one of
the German tribes that in the fifth century overran and conquered Gaul,
and established the kingdom of France.

2. A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a European; -- a term used
in the Levant.

3. A French coin. See Franc.

Frank`al*moigne" (?), n. [F. franc free + Norm. F. almoigne alma, for
almosne, F. aumÙne. See Frank, a., and Almoner.] (Eng. Law) A tenure by
which a religious corporation holds lands given to them and their
successors forever, usually on condition of praying for the soul of the
donor and his heirs; -- called also tenure by free alms. Burrill.

Frank"-chase` (?), n. [Frank free + chase.] (Eng. Law) The liberty or
franchise of having a chase; free chase. Burrill.

Frank"-fee` (?), n. [Frank free + fee.] (Eng. Law) A species of tenure
in fee simple, being the opposite of ancient demesne, or copyhold.
Burrill.

Frank"fort black` (?). A black pigment used in copperplate printing,
prepared by burning vine twigs, the lees of wine, etc. McElrath.

Frank"in*cense (?), n. [OF. franc free, pure + encens incense.] A
fragrant, aromatic resin, or gum resin, burned as an incense in
religious rites or for medicinal fumigation. The best kinds now come
from East Indian trees, of the genus Boswellia; a commoner sort, from
the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) and other coniferous trees. The
frankincense of the ancient Jews is still unidentified.

Frank"ing (?), n. (Carp.) A method of forming a joint at the
intersection of window-sash bars, by cutting away only enough wood to
show a miter.

Frank"ish, a. Like, or pertaining to, the Franks.

Frank"-law` (?), n. [Frank free + law.] (Eng. Law) The liberty of being
sworn in courts, as a juror or witness; one of the ancient privileges
of a freeman; free and common law; -- an obsolete expression signifying
substantially the same as the American expression civil rights. Abbot.

Frank"lin (?), n. [OE. frankelein; cf. LL. franchilanus. See Frank, a.]
An English freeholder, or substantial householder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    The franklin, a small landholder of those days.


Sir J. Stephen.

Frank*lin"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Benjamin Franklin.

Franklinic electricity, electricity produced by friction; called also
statical electricity.

Frank"lin*ite (?), n. (Min.) A kind of mineral of the spinel group.

Frank"lin stove` (?). A kind of open stove introduced by Benjamin
Franklin, the peculiar feature of which was that a current of heated
air was directly supplied to the room from an air box; -- now applied
to other varieties of open stoves.

Frank"ly, adv. In a frank manner; freely.

    Very frankly he confessed his treasons.


Shak.

Syn. -- Openly; ingenuously; plainly; unreservedly; undisguisedly;
sincerely; candidly; artlessly; freely; readily; unhesitatingly;
liberally; willingly.

Frank"-mar"riage (?), n. [Frank free + marriage.] (Eng. Law) A certain
tenure in tail special; an estate of inheritance given to a man his
wife (the wife being of the blood of the donor), and descendible to the
heirs of their two bodies begotten. [Obs.] Blackstone.

Frank"ness, n. The quality of being frank; candor; openess;
ingenuousness; fairness; liberality.

Frank"pledge` (?), n. [Frank free + pledge.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A pledge
or surety for the good behavior of freemen, -- each freeman who was a
member of an ancient decennary, tithing, or friborg, in England, being
a pledge for the good conduct of the others, for the preservation of
the public peace; a free surety. (b) The tithing itself. Bouvier.

    The servants of the crown were not, as now, bound in frankpledge
    for each other.


Macaulay.

Fran"tic (?), a. [OE. frentik, frenetik, F. frentique, L. phreneticus,
from Gr. &?;. See Frenzy, and cf. Frenetic, Phrenetic.] Mad; raving;
furious; violent; wild and disorderly; distracted.

    Die, frantic wretch, for this accursed deed!


Shak.

    Torrents of frantic abuse.


Macaulay.

-- Fran"tic*al*ly (#), adv. -- Fran"tic*ly (#), adv. Shak.

-- Fran"tic*ness, n. Johnson.

Frap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frapping.]
[Cf. F. frapper to strike, to seize ropes. Cf. Affrap.] 1. (Naut.) To
draw together; to bind with a view to secure and strengthen, as a
vessel by passing cables around it; to tighten; as a tackle by drawing
the lines together. Tottem.

2. To brace by drawing together, as the cords of a drum. Knoght.

Frape (?), n. [Cf. frap, and Prov. E. frape to scold.] A crowd, a
rabble. [Obs.] ares.

Frap"ler (?), n. A blusterer; a rowdy. [Obs.]

    Unpolished, a frapler, and base.


B. Jonson.

||Fra"ter, n. [L., a brother.] (Eccl.) A monk; also, a frater house.
||[R.] Shipley.

Frater house, an apartament in a convent used as an eating room; a
refectory; -- called also a fratery.

Fra*ter"nal (?), a.[F. fraternel, LL. fraternalis, fr. L. fraternus,
fr. frater brother. See Brother.] Of, pertaining to, or involving,
brethren; becoming to brothers; brotherly; as, fraternal affection; a
fraternal embrace. -- Fra*ter"nal*ly, adv.

    An abhorred, a cursed, a fraternal war.


Milton.

    Fraternal love and friendship.


Addison.

Fra*ter"nate (?), v. i. To fraternize; to hold fellowship. Jefferson.

{ Fra`ter*na"tion (?), Fra"ter*nism (?) }, n. Fraternization. [R.]
Jefferson.

Fra*ter"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Fraternities (#). [F. fraternitÈ, L.
fraternitas.] 1. The state or quality of being fraternal or brotherly;
brotherhood.

2. A body of men associated for their common interest, business, or
pleasure; a company; a brotherhood; a society; in the Roman Catholic
Church, an association for special religious purposes, for relieving
the sick and destitute, etc.

3. Men of the same class, profession, occupation, character, or tastes.

    With what terms of respect knaves and sots will speak of their own
    fraternity!


South.

Fra`ter*ni*za"tion (? or ?), n. The act of fraternizing or uniting as
brothers.

    I hope that no French fraternization . . . could so change the
    hearts of Englishmen.


Burke.

Fra"ter*nize (? or ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fraternized (#); p. pr.
& vb. n.. Fraternizing (#).] [Cf. F. fraterniser.] To associate or hold
fellowship as brothers, or as men of like occupation or character; to
have brotherly feelings.

Fra"ter*nize, v. t. To bring into fellowship or brotherly sympathy.

    Correspondence for fraternizing the two nations.


Burke.

Frat"er*ni`zer (?; 277), n. One who fraternizes. Burke.

Fra"ter*y (? or ?), n. [L. frater brother: cf. It. frateria a
brotherhood of monks. See Friar.] A frater house. See under Frater.

Fra"trage (? or ?; 48), n. [L. frater a brother.] (Law) A sharing among
brothers, or brothers' kin. [Obs.] Crabb.

||Fra`tri*cel"li (?), n. pl. [It. fraticelli, lit., little brothers,
||dim. fr. frate brother, L. frater.] (Eccl. Hist.) (a) The name which
||St. Francis of Assisi gave to his followers, early in the 13th
||century. (b) A sect which seceded from the Franciscan Order, chiefly
||in Italy and Sicily, in 1294, repudiating the pope as an apostate,
||maintaining the duty of celibacy and poverty, and discountenancing
||oaths. Called also Fratricellians and Fraticelli.

Frat"ri*ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to fratricide; of the nature of
fratricide.

Frat"ri*cide (?), n. [L. fratricidium a brother's murder, fr.
fratricida a brother's murderer; frater, fratris, brother + caedere to
kill: cf. F. fratricide.] 1. The act of one who murders or kills his
own brother.

2. [L. fratricida: cf. F. fratricide.] One who murders or kills his own
brother.

Fraud (frd), n. [F. fraude, L. fraus, fraudis; prob. akin to Skr. dhrv
to injure, dhv to cause to fall, and E. dull.] 1. Deception
deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an unlawful or unfair
advantage; artifice by which the right or interest of another is
injured; injurious stratagem; deceit; trick.

    If success a lover's toil attends, Few ask, if fraud or force
    attained his ends.


Pope.

2. (Law) An intentional perversion of truth for the purpose of
obtaining some valuable thing or promise from another.

3. A trap or snare. [Obs.]

    To draw the proud King Ahab into fraud.


Milton.

Constructive fraud (Law), an act, statement, or omission which operates
as a fraud, although perhaps not intended to be such. Mozley & W. --
Pious fraud (Ch. Hist.), a fraud contrived and executed to benefit the
church or accomplish some good end, upon the theory that the end
justified the means. -- Statute of frauds (Law), an English statute
(1676), the principle of which is incorporated in the legislation of
all the States of this country, by which writing with specific
solemnities (varying in the several statutes) is required to give
efficacy to certain dispositions of property. Wharton.

Syn. -- Deception; deceit; guile; craft; wile; sham; strife;
circumvention; stratagem; trick; imposition; cheat. See Deception.

Fraud"ful (?), a. Full of fraud, deceit, or treachery; trickish;
treacherous; fraudulent; -- applied to persons or things. I. Taylor.

-- Fraud"ful*ly, adv.

Fraud"less, a. Free from fraud. -- Fraud"less*ly, adv. --
Fraud"less*ness, n.

{ Fraud"u*lence (?; 135), Fraud"u*len*cy (?) }, n. [L. fraudulentia.]
The quality of being fraudulent; deliberate deceit; trickishness.
Hooker.

Fraud"u*lent (?), a. [L. fraudulentus, fr. fraus, fraudis, fraud: cf.
F. fraudulent.] 1. Using fraud; tricky; deceitful; dishonest.

2. Characterized by, founded on, or proceeding from, fraud; as, a
fraudulent bargain.

    He, with serpent tongue, . . . His fraudulent temptation thus
    began.


Milton.

3. Obtained or performed by artifice; as, fraudulent conquest. Milton.

Syn. -- Deceitful; fraudful; guileful; crafty; wily; cunning; subtle;
deceiving; cheating; deceptive; insidious; treacherous; dishonest;
designing; unfair.

Fraud"u*lent*ly (?), adv. In a fraudulent manner.

Fraught (frt), n. [OE. fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt,
D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. frht merit, reward; perh. from a pref.
corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf. Freight.] A freight;
a cargo. [Obs.] Shak.

Fraught, a. Freighted; laden; filled; stored; charged.

    A vessel of our country richly fraught.


Shak.

    A discourse fraught with all the commending excellences of speech.


South.

    Enterprises fraught with world-wide benefits.


I. Taylor.

Fraught, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fraughted or Fraught; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fraughting.] [Akin to Dan. fragte, Sw. frakta, D. bevrachten, G.
frachten, cf. OHG. frhtn to deserve. See Fraught, n.] To freight; to
load; to burden; to fill; to crowd. [Obs.]

    Upon the tumbling billows fraughted ride The armed ships.


Fairfax.

Fraught"age (?; 48), n. Freight; loading; cargo. [Obs.] Shak.

Fraught"ing, a. Constituting the freight or cargo. [Obs.] "The
fraughting souls within her." Shak.

Fraun"ho*fer lines` (?). (Physics.) The lines of the spectrum;
especially and properly, the dark lines of the solar spectrum, so
called because first accurately observed and interpreted by Fraunhofer,
a German physicist.

Frax"in (?), n. [From Fraxinus.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline
substance, regarded as a glucoside, and found in the bark of the ash
(Fraxinus) and along with esculin in the bark of the horse-chestnut. It
shows a delicate fluorescence in alkaline solutions; -- called also
paviin.

||Frax"i*nus (?), n. [L., the ash tree.] (Bot.) A genus of deciduous
||forest trees, found in the north temperate zone, and including the
||true ash trees.

Fraxinus excelsior is the European ash; F. Americana, the white ash; F.
sambucifolia, the black ash or water ash.

Fray (fr), n. [Abbreviated from affray.] Affray; broil; contest;
combat.

    Who began this bloody fray?


Shak.

Fray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frayed (frd); p. pr. & vb. n. Fraying.] [See
1st Fray, and cf. Affray.] To frighten; to terrify; to alarm. I.
Taylor.

    What frays ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayed?


Spenser.

Fray, v. t. [Cf. OF. fraier. See Defray, v. t.] To bear the expense of;
to defray. [Obs.]

    The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients frayed, I
    shall acknowledge myself amply satisfied.


Massinger.

Fray, v. t. [OF. freier, fraier, froier, to rub. L. fricare; cf. friare
to crumble, E. friable; perh. akin to Gr. chri`ein to anoint, chri^sma
an anointing, Skr. ghsh to rub, scratch. Cf. Friction.] To rub; to wear
off, or wear into shreds, by rubbing; to fret, as cloth; as, a deer is
said to fray her head.

Fray, v. i. 1. To rub.

    We can show the marks he made When 'gainst the oak his antlers
    frayed.


Sir W. Scott.

2. To wear out or into shreads, or to suffer injury by rubbing, as when
the threads of the warp or of the woof wear off so that the cross
threads are loose; to ravel; as, the cloth frays badly.

    A suit of frayed magnificience.


tennyson.

Fray, n. A fret or chafe, as in cloth; a place injured by rubbing.

Fray"ing, n. (Zoˆl.) The skin which a deer frays from his horns. B.
Jonson.

Freak (frk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freaked (frkt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Freaking.] [Akin to OE. frakin, freken, freckle, Icel. freknur, pl.,
Sw. fr‰kne, Dan. fregne, Gr. perkno`s dark- colored, Skr. pÁni
variegated. Cf. Freckle, Freck.] To variegate; to checker; to streak.
[R.]

    Freaked with many a mingled hue.


Thomson.

Freak, n. [Prob. from OE. frek bold, AS. frec bold, greedly; akin to
OHG. freh greedly, G. frech insolent, Icel. frekr greedy, Goth.
faÌhufriks avaricious.] A sudden causeless change or turn of the mind;
a whim of fancy; a capricious prank; a vagary or caprice.

    She is restless and peevish, and sometimes in a freak will
    instantly change her habitation.


Spectator.

Syn. -- Whim; caprice; folly; sport. See Whim.

Freak"ing, a. Freakish. [Obs.] Pepys.

Freak"ish, a. Apt to change the mind suddenly; whimsical; capricious.

    It may be a question whether the wife or the woman was the more
    freakish of the two.


L'Estrange.

    Freakish when well, and fretful when she's sick.


Pope.

-- Freak"ish*ly, adv. -- Freak"ish*ness, n.

Freck (?), v. t. [Cf. Freak, v. t., Freckle.] To checker; to diversify.
[R. & Poet.]

    The painted windows, frecking gloom with glow.


Lowell.

Freck"le (frk"k'l), n. [Dim., from the same root as freak, v. t.] 1. A
small yellowish or brownish spot in the skin, particularly on the face,
neck, or hands.

2. Any small spot or discoloration.

Frec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freckled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Freckling (-klng).] To sprinkle or mark with freckles or small
discolored spots; to spot.

<! p. 594 !>

Frec"kle (frk"k'l), v. i. To become covered or marked with freckles; to
be spotted.

Frec"kled (frk"k'ld), a. Marked with freckles; spotted. "The freckled
trout." Dryden.

    The freckled cowslip, burnet, and green clover.


Shak.

Frec"kled*ness (-k'ld*ns), n. The state of being freckled.

Frec"kly (-kl), a. Full of or marked with freckles; sprinkled with
spots; freckled.

Fred (frd), n. [AS. fri peace. See Frith inclosure.] Peace; -- a word
used in composition, especially in proper names; as, Alfred; Frederic.

Fred"stole` (-stl`), n. [Obs.] See Fridstol. Fuller.

Free (fr), a. [Compar. Freer (-r); superl. Freest (-st).] [OE. fre,
freo, AS. freÛ, fr; akin to D. vrij, OS. & OHG. fr, G. frei, Icel. fr,
Sw. & Dan. fri, Goth. freis, and also to Skr. prija beloved, dear, fr.
pr to love, Goth. frijn. Cf. Affray, Belfry, Friday, Friend, Frith
inclosure.] 1. Exempt from subjection to the will of others; not under
restraint, control, or compulsion; able to follow one's own impulses,
desires, or inclinations; determining one's own course of action; not
dependent; at liberty.

    That which has the power, or not the power, to operate, is that
    alone which is or is not free.


Locke.

2. Not under an arbitrary or despotic government; subject only to fixed
laws regularly and fairly administered, and defended by them from
encroachments upon natural or acquired rights; enjoying political
liberty.

3. Liberated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control of
parents, guardian, or master.

4. Not confined or imprisoned; released from arrest; liberated; at
liberty to go.

    Set an unhappy prisoner free.


Prior.

5. Not subjected to the laws of physical necessity; capable of
voluntary activity; endowed with moral liberty; -- said of the will.

    Not free, what proof could they have given sincere Of true
    allegiance, constant faith, or love.


Milton.

6. Clear of offense or crime; guiltless; innocent.

    My hands are guilty, but my heart is free.


Dryden.

7. Unconstrained by timidity or distrust; unreserved; ingenuous; frank;
familiar; communicative.

    He was free only with a few.


Milward.

8. Unrestrained; immoderate; lavish; licentious; -- used in a bad
sense.

    The critics have been very free in their censures.


Felton.

    A man may live a free life as to wine or women.


Shelley.

9. Not close or parsimonious; liberal; open- handed; lavish; as, free
with his money.

10. Exempt; clear; released; liberated; not encumbered or troubled
with; as, free from pain; free from a burden; -- followed by from, or,
rarely, by of.

    Princes declaring themselves free from the obligations of their
    treaties.


Bp. Burnet.

11. Characteristic of one acting without restraint; charming; easy.

12. Ready; eager; acting without spurring or whipping; spirited; as, a
free horse.

13. Invested with a particular freedom or franchise; enjoying certain
immunities or privileges; admitted to special rights; -- followed by
of.

    He therefore makes all birds, of every sect, Free of his farm.


Dryden.

14. Thrown open, or made accessible, to all; to be enjoyed without
limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed, engrossed, or appropriated;
open; -- said of a thing to be possessed or enjoyed; as, a free school.

    Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as free For me as for you?


Shak.

15. Not gained by importunity or purchase; gratuitous; spontaneous; as,
free admission; a free gift.

16. Not arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty; defending individual
rights against encroachment by any person or class; instituted by a
free people; -- said of a government, institutions, etc.

17. (O. Eng. Law) Certain or honorable; the opposite of base; as, free
service; free socage. Burrill.

18. (Law) Privileged or individual; the opposite of common; as, a free
fishery; a free warren. Burrill.

19. Not united or combined with anything else; separated; dissevered;
unattached; at liberty to escape; as, free carbonic acid gas; free
cells.

Free agency, the capacity or power of choosing or acting freely, or
without necessity or constraint upon the will. -- Free bench (Eng.
Law), a widow's right in the copyhold lands of her husband,
corresponding to dower in freeholds. -- Free board (Naut.), a vessel's
side between water line and gunwale. -- Free bond (Chem.), an
unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of affinity or valence, of an
atom or radical. -- Free-borough men (O.Eng. Law). See Friborg. -- Free
chapel (Eccles.), a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction of the
ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject specially
authorized. [Eng.] Bouvier. -- Free charge (Elec.), a charge of
electricity in the free or statical condition; free electricity. --
Free church. (a) A church whose sittings are for all and without
charge. (b) An ecclesiastical body that left the Church of Scotland, in
1843, to be free from control by the government in spiritual matters.
-- Free city, or Free town, a city or town independent in its
government and franchises, as formerly those of the Hanseatic league.
-- Free cost, freedom from charges or expenses. South. -- Free and
easy, unconventional; unrestrained; regardless of formalities.
[Colloq.] "Sal and her free and easy ways." W. Black. -- Free goods,
goods admitted into a country free of duty. -- Free labor, the labor of
freemen, as distinguished from that of slaves. -- Free port. (Com.) (a)
A port where goods may be received and shipped free of custom duty. (b)
A port where goods of all kinds are received from ships of all nations
at equal rates of duty. -- Free public house, in England, a tavern not
belonging to a brewer, so that the landlord is free to brew his own
beer or purchase where he chooses. Simmonds. -- Free school. (a) A
school to which pupils are admitted without discrimination and on an
equal footing. (b) A school supported by general taxation, by
endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing for tuition; a public
school. -- Free services (O.Eng. Law), such feudal services as were not
unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform; as, to
serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money, etc. Burrill. --
Free ships, ships of neutral nations, which in time of war are free
from capture even though carrying enemy's goods. -- Free socage (O.Eng.
Law), a feudal tenure held by certain services which, though honorable,
were not military. Abbott. -- Free States, those of the United States
before the Civil War, in which slavery had ceased to exist, or had
never existed. -- Free stuff (Carp.), timber free from knots; clear
stuff. -- Free thought, that which is thought independently of the
authority of others. -- Free trade, commerce unrestricted by duties or
tariff regulations. -- Free trader, one who believes in free trade. --
To make free with, to take liberties with; to help one's self to.
[Colloq.] -- To sail free (Naut.), to sail with the yards not braced in
as sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the wind.

Free (?), adv. 1. Freely; willingly. [Obs.]

    I as free forgive you As I would be forgiven.


Shak.

2. Without charge; as, children admitted free.

Free, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freeing.] [OE.
freen, freoien, AS. freÛgan. See Free, a.] 1. To make free; to set at
liberty; to rid of that which confines, limits, embarrasses, oppresses,
etc.; to release; to disengage; to clear; -- followed by from, and
sometimes by off; as, to free a captive or a slave; to be freed of
these inconveniences. Clarendon.

    Our land is from the rage of tigers freed.


Dryden.

    Arise, . . . free thy people from their yoke.


Milton.

2. To remove, as something that confines or bars; to relieve from the
constraint of.

    This master key Frees every lock, and leads us to his person.


Dryden.

3. To frank. [Obs.] Johnson.

Free"boot`er (?), n. [D. vrijbuiter, fr. vrijbuiten to plunder; vrij
free + buit booty, akin to E. booty. See Free, and Booty, and cf.
Filibuster.] One who plunders or pillages without the authority of
national warfare; a member of a predatory band; a pillager; a
buccaneer; a sea robber. Bacon.

Free"boot`er*y (?), n. The act, practice, or gains of a freebooter;
freebooting. Booth.

Free"boot`ing, n. Robbery; plunder; a pillaging.

Free"boot`ing, a. Acting the freebooter; practicing freebootery;
robbing.

    Your freebooting acquaintance.


Sir W. Scott.

Free"boot`y (?), n. Freebootery. [Obs.]

Free"born` (?), a. Born free; not born in vassalage; inheriting
freedom.

Free"-den`i*zen (?), v. t. To make free. [R.]

Freed"man (?), n.; pl. Freedmen (&?;). A man who has been a slave, and
has been set free.

Free"dom (fr"dm), n. [AS. freÛdm; freÛfree + - dom. See Free, and
-dom.] 1. The state of being free; exemption from the power and control
of another; liberty; independence.

    Made captive, yet deserving freedom more.


Milton.

2. Privileges; franchises; immunities.

    Your charter and your caty's freedom.


Shak.

3. Exemption from necessity, in choise and action; as, the freedom of
the will.

4. Ease; facility; as, he speaks or acts with freedom.

5. Frankness; openness; unreservedness.

    I emboldened spake and freedom used.


Milton.

6. Improper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum; license.

7. Generosity; liberality. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Freedom fine, a sum paid on entry to incorporations of trades. --
Freedom of the city, the possession of the rights and privileges of a
freeman of the city; formerly often, and now occasionally, conferred on
one not a resident, as a mark of honorary distinction for public
services.

Syn. -- See Liberty.

Freed"stool` (?), n. [Obs.] See Fridstol.

Free"-hand` (?), a. Done by the hand, without support, or the guidance
of instruments; as, free- hand drawing. See under Drawing.

Free"-hand`ed, a. Open-handed; liberal.

Free"-heart`ed (?), a. Open; frank; unreserved; liberal; generous; as,
free-hearted mirth. -- Free"-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- Free"-heart`ed*ness,
n.

Free"hold` (?), n. (LAw) An estate in real property, of inheritance (in
fee simple or fee tail) or for life; or the tenure by which such estate
is held. Kent. Burrill.

To abate into a freehold. See under Abate.

Free"hold`er (?), n. (Law) The possessor of a freehold.

Free"-liv`er (?), n. One who gratifies his appetites without stint; one
given to indulgence in eating and drinking.

Free"-liv`ing, n. Unrestrained indulgence of the appetites.

Free"-love` (?), n. The doctrine or practice of consorting with the
opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage.

Free"-lov`er, n. One who believes in or practices free-love.

Freel"te (?), n. Frailty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Free"ly, adv. [AS. freÛlice.] In a free manner; without restraint or
compulsion; abundantly; gratuitously.

    Of every tree of the garden thou mayst freely eat.


Gen. ii. 16.

    Freely ye have received, freely give.


Matt. x. 8.

    Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell.


Milton.

    Freely we serve Because we freely love.


Milton.

Syn. -- Independently; voluntarily; spontaneously; unconditionally;
unobstructedly; willingly; readily; liberally; generously; bounteously;
munificently; bountifully; abundantly; largely; copiously; plentifully;
plenteously.

Free"man (?), n.; pl. Freemen (#). [AS. freÛman; freÛfree + mann man.]
1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of
another; one not a slave or vassal.

2. A member of a corporation, company, or city, possessing certain
privileges; a member of a borough, town, or State, who has the right to
vote at elections. See Liveryman. Burrill.

    Both having been made freemen on the same day.


Addison.

Free"-mar`tin (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An imperfect female calf, twinborn with a
male.

Free"ma`son (?), n. One of an ancient and secret association or
fraternity, said to have been at first composed of masons or builders
in stone, but now consisting of persons who are united for social
enjoyment and mutual assistance.

Free`ma*son"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the institutions
or the practices of freemasons; as, a freemasonic signal.

Free"ma`son*ry (?), n. The institutions or the practices of freemasons.

Free"-mill`ing (?), a. Yielding free gold or silver; -- said of certain
ores which can be reduced by crushing and amalgamation, without
roasting or other chemical treatment. Raymond.

Free"-mind`ed (?), a. Not perplexed; having a mind free from care.
Bacon.

Free"ness, n. The state or quality of being free; freedom; liberty;
openness; liberality; gratuitousness.

Fre"er (?), n. One who frees, or sets free.

Free"-soil` (?), a. Pertaining to, or advocating, the non-extension of
slavery; -- esp. applied to a party which was active during the period
1846-1856. [U.S.] -- Free"soil`er (#), n. [U.S.] -- Free"- soil`ism
(#), n. [U.S.]

Free"-spo`ken (?), a. Accustomed to speak without reserve. Bacon.

-- Free"-spo`ken-ness, n.

Free"stone` (?), n. A stone composed of sand or grit; -- so called
because it is easily cut or wrought.

Free"stone`, a. Having the flesh readily separating from the stone, as
in certain kinds of peaches.

Free"-swim`ming (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Swimming in the open sea; -- said of
certain marine animals.

Free"think`er (?), n. One who speculates or forms opinions
independently of the authority of others; esp., in the sphere or
religion, one who forms opinions independently of the authority of
revelation or of the church; an unbeliever; -- a term assumed by deists
and skeptics in the eighteenth century.

    Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a freethinker, child.


Addison.

Syn. -- Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See Infidel.

Free"think`ing, n. Undue boldness of speculation; unbelief. Berkeley.
-- a. Exhibiting undue boldness of speculation; skeptical.

Free"-tongued` (?), a. Speaking without reserve. Bp. Hall.

Free will (?). 1. A will free from improper coercion or restraint.

    To come thus was I not constrained, but did On my free will.


Shak.

2. The power asserted of moral beings of willing or choosing without
the restraints of physical or absolute necessity.

Free"will` (?), a. Of or pertaining to free will; voluntary;
spontaneous; as, a freewill offering.

Freewill Baptists. See under Baptist.

Freez"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being frozen.

Freeze (?), n. (Arch.) A frieze. [Obs.]

Freeze, v. i. [imp. Froze (?); p. p. Frozen (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Freezing.] [OE. fresen, freosen, AS. freÛsan; akin to D. vriezen, OHG.
iosan, G. frieren, Icel. frjsa, Sw. frysa, Dan. fryse, Goth. frius
cold, frost, and prob. to L. prurire to itch, E. prurient, cf. L. prna
a burning coal, pruina hoarfrost, Skr. prushv ice, prush to spirt. &?;
18. Cf. Frost.] 1. To become congealed by cold; to be changed from a
liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into
ice or a like solid body.

Water freezes at 32∞ above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer; mercury
freezes at 40∞ below zero.

2. To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to suffer loss of
animation or life by lack of heat; as, the blood freezes in the veins.

To freeze up (Fig.), to become formal and cold in demeanor. [Colloq.]

Freeze, v. t. 1. To congeal; to harden into ice; to convert from a
fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction of heat.

2. To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat; to give
the sensation of cold to; to chill.

    A faint, cold fear runs through my veins, That almost freezes up
    the heat of life.


Shak.

Freeze, n. The act of congealing, or the state of being congealed.
[Colloq.]

Freez"er (?), n. One who, or that which, cools or freezes, as a
refrigerator, or the tub and can used in the process of freezing ice
cream.

Freez"ing, a. Tending to freeze; for freezing; hence, cold or distant
in manner. -- Frrez"ing*ly, adv.

Freezing machine. See Ice machine, under Ice. -- Freezing mixture, a
mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical salts) for producing intense
cold. -- Freezing point, that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid
begins to freeze; -- applied particularly to water, whose freezing
point is at 32∞ Fahr., and at 0∞ Centigrade.

Frei"es*le`ben*ite (?), n. [Named after the German chemist
Freiesleben.] A sulphide of antimony, lead, and silver, occuring in
monoclinic crystals.

Freight (frt), n. [F. fret, OHG. frht merit, reward. See Fraught, n.]
1. That with which anything is fraught or laden for transportation;
lading; cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.; as,
a freight of cotton; a full freight.

<! p. 595 !>

2. (Law) (a) The sum paid by a party hiring a ship or part of a ship
for the use of what is thus hired. (b) The price paid a common carrier
for the carriage of goods. Wharton.

3. Freight transportation, or freight line.

Freight (frt), a. Employed in the transportation of freight; having to
do with freight; as, a freight car.

Freight agent, a person employed by a transportation company to
receive, forward, or deliver goods. -- Freight car. See under Car. --
Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; -- called in
England goods train.

Freight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Freighting.]
[Cf. F. freter.] To load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind,
for transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with
freight; as, to freight a ship; to freight a car.

Freight"age (-j; 48), n. 1. Charge for transportation; expense of
carriage.

2. The transportation of freight.

3. Freight; cargo; lading. Milton.

Freight"er (?), n. 1. One who loads a ship, or one who charters and
loads a ship.

2. One employed in receiving and forwarding freight.

3. One for whom freight is transported.

4. A vessel used mainly to carry freight.

Freight"less, a. Destitute of freight.

Frel"te (?), n. Frailty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Fremd (?), Frem"ed (?) } a. [OE., from AS. fremede, fremde; akin to
G. fremd.] Strange; foreign. [Old Eng. & Scot.] Chaucer.

Fren (frn), n. [OE. frenne, contr. fr. forrene foreign. See Foreign,
a.] A stranger. [Obs.] Spenser.

French (frnch), a. [AS. frencisc, LL. franciscus, from L. Francus a
Frank: cf. OF. franceis, franchois, franÁois, F. franÁais. See Frank,
a., and cf. Frankish.] Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants.

French bean (Bot.), the common kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). --
French berry (Bot.), the berry of a species of buckthorn (Rhamnus
catharticus), which affords a saffron, green or purple pigment. --
French casement (Arch.) See French window, under Window. -- French
chalk (Min.), a variety of granular talc; -- used for drawing lines on
cloth, etc. See under Chalk. -- French cowslip (Bot.) The Primula
Auricula. See Bear's- ear. -- French fake (Naut.), a mode of coiling a
rope by running it backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it
may run freely. -- French honeysuckle (Bot.) a plant of the genus
Hedysarum (H. coronarium); -- called also garland honeysuckle. --
French horn, a metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube
twisted into circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece
to the end at which the sound issues; -- called in France cor de
chasse. -- French leave, an informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp.,
the leaving a place without paying one's debts. -- French pie [French
(here used in sense of "foreign") + pie a magpie (in allusion to its
black and white color)] (Zoˆl.), the European great spotted woodpecker
(Dryobstes major); -- called also wood pie. -- French polish. (a) A
preparation for the surface of woodwork, consisting of gums dissolved
in alcohol, either shellac alone, or shellac with other gums added. (b)
The glossy surface produced by the application of the above. -- French
purple, a dyestuff obtained from lichens and used for coloring woolen
and silken fabrics, without the aid of mordants. Ure. -- French red
rouge. -- French rice, amelcorn. -- French roof (Arch.), a modified
form of mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope. - -
French tub, a dyer's mixture of protochloride of tin and logwood; --
called also plum tub. Ure. -- French window. See under Window.

French, n. 1. The language spoken in France.

2. Collectively, the people of France.

French"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frenchified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frenchifying.] [French + -fy.] To make French; to infect or imbue with
the manners or tastes of the French; to Gallicize. Burke.

French"ism (?), n. A French mode or characteristic; an idiom peculiar
to the French language. Earle.

French"man (?), n.; pl. Frenchmen (&?;). A native or one of the people
of France.

Fre*net"ic (?), a. [See Frantic, a.] Distracted; mad; frantic;
phrenetic. Milton.

Fre*net"ic*al (?), a. Frenetic; frantic; frenzied. -- Frenet"ic*al*ly,
adv.

Fre"num (?), n.; pl. E. Frenums (#), L. Frena (#). [L., a bridle.] 1.
(Zoˆl.) A cheek stripe of color.

2. (Anat.) Same as FrÊnum.

Fren"zi*cal (frn"z*kal), a. Frantic. [Obs.] Orrery.

Fren"zied (?), p. p. & a. Affected with frenzy; frantic; maddened. --
Fren"zied*ly, adv.

    The people frenzied by centuries of oppression.


Buckle.

    Up starting with a frenzied look.


Sir W. Scott.

Fren"zy (-z), n.; pl. Frenzies (-zz). [OE. frenesie, fransey, F.
frÈnÈsie, L. phrenesis, fr. Gr. fre`nhsis for freni^tis disease of the
mind, phrenitis, fr. frhn mind. Cf. Frantic, Phrenitis.] Any violent
agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and temporary
derangement of the mental faculties; madness; rage.

    All else is towering frenzy and distraction.


Addison.

    The poet's eye in a fine frenzy rolling.


Shak.

Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; aberration;
delirium. See Insanity.

Fren"zy, a. Mad; frantic. [R.]

    They thought that some frenzy distemper had got into his head.


Bunyan.

Fren"zy, v. t. To affect with frenzy; to drive to madness [R.]
"Frenzying anguish." Southey.

Fre"quence (?), n. [See Frequency.] 1. A crowd; a throng; a concourse.
[Archaic.] Tennyson.

2. Frequency; abundance. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Fre"quen*cy (?), n.; pl. Frequencies (#). [L. frequentia numerous
attendance, multitude: cf. F. frÈquence. See Frequent.] 1. The
condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common
occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of miracles.

    The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a place
    of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the
    frequencies of ladies' visits.


Fuller.

2. A crowd; a throng. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Fre"quent (?), a. [L. frequens, -entis, crowded, frequent, akin to
farcire to stuff: cf. F. frÈquent. Cf. Farce, n.] 1. Often to be met
with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring; as,
frequent visits. "Frequent feudal towers." Byron.

2. Addicted to any course of conduct; inclined to indulge in any
practice; habitual; persistent.

    He has been loud and frequent in declaring himself hearty for the
    government.


Swift.

3. Full; crowded; thronged. [Obs.]

    'T is CÊsar's will to have a frequent senate.


B. Jonson.

4. Often or commonly reported. [Obs.]

    'T is frequent in the city he hath subdued The Catti and the Daci.


Massinger.

Fre*quent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frequented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Frequenting.] [L. frequentare: cf. F. frÈquenter. See Frequent, a.] 1.
To visit often; to resort to often or habitually.

    He frequented the court of Augustus.


Dryden.

2. To make full; to fill. [Obs.]

    With their sighs the air Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite.


Milton.

Fre*quent"a*ble (?), a. Accessible. [R.] Sidney.

Fre*quent"age (?), n. The practice or habit of frequenting. [R.]
Southey.

Fre"quen*ta"tion (?), n. [L. frequentatio a crowding together,
frequency: cf. F. frÈquentation.] The act or habit of frequenting or
visiting often; resort. Chesterfield.

Fre*quent"a*tive (?), a. [L. frequentativus: cf. F. frÈquentatif.]
(Gram.) Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action; as, a
frequentative verb. -- n. A frequentative verb.

Fre*quent*er (?), n. One who frequents; one who often visits, or
resorts to customarily.

Fre*quent*ly (?), adv. At frequent or short intervals; many times;
often; repeatedly; commonly.

Fre"quent*ness, n. The quality of being frequent.

||FrËre (?), n. [F. See Friar.] A friar. Chaucer.

Fres"cade (?), n. [See Fresco, Fresh, a.] A cool walk; shady place.
[R.] Maunder.

Fres"co (?), n.; pl. Frescoes or Frescos (#). [It., fr. fresco fresh;
of German origin. See Fresh, a.]

1. A cool, refreshing state of the air; duskiness; coolness; shade.
[R.] Prior.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) The art of painting on freshly spread plaster,
before it dries. (b) In modern parlance, incorrectly applied to
painting on plaster in any manner. (c) A painting on plaster in either
of senses a and b.

Fres"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frescoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frescoing.]
To paint in fresco, as walls.

Fresh (frsh), a. [Compar. Fresher (-r); superl. Freshest.] [OE. fresch,
AS. fersc; akin to D. versch, G. frisch, OHG. frisc, Sw. frisk, Dan.
frisk, fersk, Icel. frskr frisky, brisk, ferskr fresh; cf. It. fresco,
OF. fres, freis, fem. freske, fresche, F. frais, fem. fraÓche, which
are of German origin. Cf. Fraischeur, Fresco, Frisk.] 1. Possessed of
original life and vigor; new and strong; unimpaired; sound.

2. New; original; additional. "Fear of fresh mistakes." Sir W. Scott.

    A fresh pleasure in every fresh posture of the limbs.


Landor.

3. Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for market; not stale; not
dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or tainted; in good condition;
as, fresh vegetables, flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc.; recently made
or obtained; occurring again; repeated; as, a fresh supply of goods;
fresh tea, raisins, etc.; lately come or made public; as, fresh news;
recently taken from a well or spring; as, fresh water.

4. Youthful; florid; as, these fresh nymphs. Shak.

5. In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated; uncultured;
unpracticed; as, a fresh hand on a ship.

6. Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for action; as, fresh for a
combat; hence, tending to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or brisk;
as, a fresh wind.

7. Not salt; as, fresh water, in distinction from that which is from
the sea, or brackish; fresh meat, in distinction from that which is
pickled or salted.

Fresh breeze (Naut.), a breeze between a moderate and a strong breeze;
one blowinq about twenty miles an hour. -- Fresh gale, a gale blowing
about forty-five miles an hour. -- Fresh way (Naut.), increased speed.

Syn. -- Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid; sweet; good:
inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively; vigorous; strong.

Fresh, n.; pl. Freshes (&?;). 1. A stream or spring of fresh water.

    He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him Where the
    quick freshes are.


Shak.

2. A flood; a freshet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means
of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea. Beverly.

Fresh, v. t. To refresh; to freshen. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Fresh"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freshened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Freshening (?)] 1. To make fresh; to separate, as water, from saline
ingredients; to make less salt; as, to freshen water, fish, or flesh.

2. To refresh; to revive. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. (Naut.) To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction
wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing; as, to
freshen a hawse.  Totten.

To freshen ballast (Naut.), to shift Or restore it. -- To freshen the
hawse, to pay out a little more cable, so as to bring the chafe on
another part. -- To freshen the way, to increase the speed of a vessel.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Fresh"en (?), v. i. 1. To grow fresh; to lose saltness.

2. To grow brisk or strong; as, the wind freshens.

Fresh"et (?), n. [OE. fresche flood + -et. See Fresh, a.] 1. A stream
of fresh water. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by heavy rains or melted
snow; a sudden inundation.

    Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers When the freshet is at highest.


Longfellow.

Fresh"ly, adv. In a fresh manner; vigorously; newly, recently;
brightly; briskly; coolly; as, freshly gathered; freshly painted; the
wind blows freshly.

    Looks he as freshly as he did?


Shak.

Fresh"man (?), n.; pl. Freshmen (&?;). A novice; one in the rudiments
of knowledge; especially, a student during his first year in a college
or university.

    He drank his glass and cracked his joke, And freshmen wondered as
    he spoke.


Goldsmith.

Freshman class, the lowest of the four classes in an American college.
[ U. S.]

Fresh"man*ship, n. The state of being a freshman.

Fresh"ment (?), n. Refreshment. [Obs.]

Fresh"ness, n. The state of being fresh.

    The Scots had the advantage both for number and freshness of men.


Hayward.

    And breathe the freshness of the open air.


Dryden.

    Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted grace.


Granville.

Fresh"-new` (?), a. Unpracticed. [Obs.] Shak.

Fresh"-wa`ter (?), a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not
salt; as, fresh-water geological deposits; a fresh- water fish;
fresh-water mussels.

2. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only; unskilled as a seaman; as, a
fresh-water sailor.

3. Unskilled; raw. [Colloq.] "Fresh- water soldiers." Knolles.

{ Fres`nel" lamp" (?), Fres'nel' lan'tern (?).} [From Fresnel the
inventor, a French physicist.] A lantern having a lamp surrounded by a
hollow cylindrical Fresnel lens.

Fres`nel" lens" (?). [See Fresnel lamp.] (Optics) See under Lens.

Fret (frt), n. [Obs.] See 1st Frith.

Fret (frt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fretted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fretting.]
[OE. freten to eat, consume; AS. fretan, for foretan; pref. for- + etan
to eat; akin to D. vreten, OHG. frezzan, G. fressen, Sw. fr‰ta, Goth.
fra-itan. See For, and Eat, v. t.] 1. To devour. [Obs.]

    The sow frete the child right in the cradle.


Chaucer.

2. To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat
away; to gnaw; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other
metal; a worm frets the plants of a ship.

    With many a curve my banks I fret.


Tennyson.

3. To impair; to wear away; to diminish.

    By starts His fretted fortunes give him hope and fear.


Shak.

4. To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to ripple; as, to fret
the surface of water.

5. To tease; to irritate; to vex.

    Fret not thyself because of evil doers.


Ps. xxxvii. 1.

Fret, v. i. 1. To be worn away; to chafe; to fray; as, a wristband
frets on the edges.

2. To eat in; to make way by corrosion.

    Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another with great
    excoriation.


Wiseman.

3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to rankle; as, rancor
frets in the malignant breast.

4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter
peevish expressions.

    He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.


Dryden.

Fret, n. 1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or
other cause; a rippling on the surface of water. Addison.

2. Agitation of mind marked by complaint and impatience; disturbance of
temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual fret.

    Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret.


Pope.

3. Herpes; tetter. Dunglison.

4. pl. (Mining) The worn sides of river banks, where ores, or stones
containing them, accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and
thus indicate to the miners the locality of the veins.

Fret, v. t. [OE. fretten to adorn, AS. frÊtwan, frÊtwian; akin to OS.
fratahn, cf. Goth. us-fratwjan to make wise, also AS. frÊtwe ornaments,
OS. fratah adornment.] To ornament with raised work; to variegate; to
diversify.

    Whose skirt with gold was fretted all about.


Spenser.

    Yon gray lines, That fret the clouds, are messengers of day.


Shak.

Fret, n. 1. Ornamental work in relief, as carving or embossing. See
Fretwork.

2. (Arch.) An ornament consisting of small fillets or slats
intersecting each other or bent at right angles, as in classical
designs, or at oblique angles, as often in Oriental art.

    His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the fret, ceiling, and
    chimney-piece with . . . carving.


Evelyn.

<! p. 596 !>

3. The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold or silver wire, in
which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their hair.

    A fret of gold she had next her hair.


Chaucer.

Fret saw, a saw with a long, narrow blade, used in cutting frets,
scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole saw; a compass saw.

Fret (?), n. [F. frette a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a dim.
of L. ferrum iron. For sense 2, cf. also E. fret to rub.] 1. (Her.) A
saltire interlaced with a mascle.

2. (Mus.) A short piece of wire, or other material fixed across the
finger board of a guitar or a similar instrument, to indicate where the
finger is to be placed.

Fret, v. t. To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.

Fret"ful (?), a. [See 2d Fret.] Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish;
angry; in a state of vexation; as, a fretful temper. -- Fret"ful*ly,
adv. -- Fret"ful*ness, n.

Syn. -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish;
captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry. - - Fretful,
Peevish, Cross. These words all indicate an unamiable working and
expression of temper. Peevish marks more especially the inward spirit:
a peevish man is always ready to find fault. Fretful points rather to
the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience: sickly children
are apt to be fretful. Crossness is peevishness mingled with vexation
or anger.

Frett (?), n. [See 2d Fret.] (Mining) The worn side of the bank of a
river. See 4th Fret, n., 4.

Frett, n. [See Frit.] A vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing,
consisting of lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.

Fret"ted (?), p. p. & a. [From 2d Fret.]

1. Rubbed or worn away; chafed.

2. Agitated; vexed; worried.

Fret"ted, p. p. & a. [See 5th Fret.] 1. Ornamented with fretwork;
furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the surface.

2. (Her.) Interlaced one with another; -- said of charges and
ordinaries.

Fret"ten (?), a. [The old p. p. of fret to rub.] Rubbed; marked; as,
pock-fretten, marked with the smallpox. [Obs.] Wright.

Fret"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, frets.

Fret"ty, a. [See 5th Fret.] Adorned with fretwork.

||Fre"tum (?), n.; pl. Freta (#). [L.] A strait, or arm of the sea.

Fret"work (?), n. [6th fret + work.] Work adorned with frets;
ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute
in its parts. Hence, any minute play of light and shade, dark and
light, or the like.

    Banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and sunshine.


Macaulay.

Frey"a (fr"), n. [Icel. Freyja.] (Scand. Myth.) The daughter of Njˆrd,
and goddess of love and beauty; the Scandinavian Venus; - - in Teutonic
myths confounded with Frigga, but in Scandinavian, distinct. [Written
also Frea, Freyia, and Freyja.]

Fri"a*bii"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. friabilitÈ.] The quality of being
friable; friableness. Locke.

Fri"a*ble (?), a. [L. friabilis, fr. friare to rub, break, or crumble
into small pieces, cf. fricare to rub, E. fray: cf. F. friable.] Easily
crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder. "Friable ground." Evelyn.
"Soft and friable texture." Paley. -- Fri'a*ble*ness, n.

Fri"ar (?), n. [OR. frere, F. frËre brother, friar, fr. L. frater
brother. See Brother.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) A brother or member of any
religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders,
viz: (a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans. (b) Augustines. (c)
Dominicans or Black Friars. (d) White Friars or Carmelites. See these
names in the Vocabulary.

2. (Print.) A white or pale patch on a printed page.

3. (Zoˆl.) An American fish; the silversides.

Friar bird (Zoˆl.), an Australian bird (Tropidorhynchus corniculatus),
having the head destitute of feathers; -- called also coldong,
leatherhead, pimlico; poor soldier, and four- o'clock. The name is also
applied to several other species of the same genus. -- Friar's balsam
(Med.), a stimulating application for wounds and ulcers, being an
alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound
tincture of benzoin. Brande & C. -- Friar's cap (Bot.), the monkshood.
-- Friar's cowl (Bot.), an arumlike plant (Arisarum vulgare) with a
spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl. -- Friar's lantern, the
ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. Milton. -- Friar skate (Zoˆl.), the
European white or sharpnosed skate (Raia alba); -- called also Burton
skate, border ray, scad, and doctor.

Fri"ar*ly, a. Like a friar; inexperienced. Bacon.

Fri"ar*y (?), a. [From Friar, n.] Like a friar; pertaining to friars or
to a convent. [Obs.] Camden.

Fri"ar*y, n. [OF. frerie, frairie, fr. frËre. See Friar.] 1. A
monastery; a convent of friars. Drugdale.

2. The institution or practices of friars. Fuller.

Fri*a"tion (?), n. [See Friable.] The act of breaking up or
pulverizing.

Frib"ble (?), a. [Cf. F. frivole, L. frivolus, or E. frippery.]
Frivolous; trifling; silly.

Frib"ble, n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow; a fop.

    A pert fribble of a peer.


Thackeray.

Frib"ble, v. i. 1. To act in a trifling or foolish manner; to act
frivolously.

    The fools that are fribbling round about you.


Thackeray.

2. To totter. [Obs.]

Frib"bler (?), n. A trifler; a fribble.

Frib"bling (?), a. Frivolous; trining; toolishly captious.

{ Fri"borg , Fri"borgh } (?), n. [AS. friborh, lit., peace pledge;
fri peace + borh, borg, pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of
the word was confused with free, the last part, with borough.] (Old
Eng. Law) The pledge and tithing, afterwards called by the Normans
frankpledge. See Frankpledge. [Written also friburgh and fribourg.]
Burril.

Fric"ace (?), n. [See Fricassee.] 1. Meat sliced and dressed with
strong sauce. [Obs.] King.

2. An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the unguent.

||Fri`can`deau" (?), ||Fric`an*do" (&?;), n. [F. fricandeau; cf. Sp.
||fricandÛ.] A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of
||boned turkey, served as an entrÈe, - - called also fricandel. A. J.
||Cooley.

Fric"as*see` (?), n. [F. fricassÈe, fr. fricasser to fry, fricassee;
cf. LL. fricare, perh. for frictare, fricare, frictum, to rub. Cf. Fry,
Friction.] A dish made of fowls, veal, or other meat of small animals
cut into pieces, and stewed in a gravy.

Fric"as*see`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fricasseed (?); p. pr. &. vb. n.
Fricasseeing.] To dress like a fricassee.

Fri*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fricatio, fr. fricare, fricatum, to rub. ]
Friction. [Obs.] Bacon.

Fric"a*tive (?), a. [See Frication.] (Phon.) Produced by the friction
or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow
opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close
approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of
articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; --
said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc. -- n. A
fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß
197-206, etc.

Fric"a*trice (?), n. [Cf. L. frictrix, fr. fricare to rub.] A lewd
woman; a harlot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Fric"kle (?), n. A bushel basket. [Obs.]

Fric"tion (?), n. [L. frictio, fr. fricare, frictum,to rub: cf. F.
friction. See Fray to rub, arid cf. Dentifrice.] 1. The act of rubbing
the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene,
the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a
brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action.

2. (Mech.) The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on
which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling
motion.

3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a
disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress.

Angle of friction (Mech.), the angle which a plane onwhich a body is
lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to
slide dewn the plane. This angle varies for different bodies, and for
planes of different materials. -- Anti-friction wheels (Mach.), wheels
turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by
their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to
relieve it of friction; -- called also friction wheels. -- Friction
balls, or Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so as to receive
the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in
the hub of a bicycle wheel. -- Friction brake (Mach.), a form of
dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the
revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its
friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the
force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony
brake. -- Friction chocks, brakes attached to the common standing
garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the
platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back.
Earrow. -- Friction clutch, Friction coupling, an engaging and
disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by
friction; esp.: (a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is
so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will
revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone a on one shaft,
when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the other
shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction
of the conical surfaces gives. (b) A toothed clutch, one member of
which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and
can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting. --
Friction drop hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for striking by
the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod. -- Friction
gear. See Frictional gearing, under Frictional. -- Friction machine, an
electrical machine, generating electricity by friction. -- Friction
meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants.
-- Friction powder, Friction composition, a composition of chlorate of
potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction.
-- Friction primer, Friction tube, a tube used for firing cannon by
means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or
composition with which the tube is filled. -- Friction wheel (Mach.),
one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under Frictional.

Fric"tion*al (?), a. Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced
by friction; as, frictional electricity.

Frictional gearing, wheels which transmit motion by surface friction
instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes made more or less V-shaped to
increase or decrease friction, as required.

Fric"tion*less, a. Having no friction.

Fri"day (?), n. [AS. frigedÊg, fr. Frigu, the gooddes of marriage;
friqu love + dÊg day; cf. Icel. Frigg name of a goddess, the wife of
Odin or Wodan, OHG. Fratag, Icel. Frjdagr. AS. frigu is prob. from the
root of E. friend, free. See Free, and Day.] The sixth day of the week,
following Thursday and preceding Saturday.

Fridge (?), v. t. [AS. frician to dance, from free bold. Cf. Freak, n.]
To rub; to fray. [Obs.] Sterne.

{ Frid"stol` (frd"stl`), Frith`stool" (frth"stl`) }, n. [AS. fristl.
See Fred, and Stool.] A seat in churches near the altar, to which
offenders formerly fled for sanctuary. [Written variously fridstool,
freedstool, etc.] [Obs.]

Fried (frd), imp. & p. p. of Fry.

Friend (frnd), n. [OR. frend, freond, AS. freÛnd, prop. p. pr. of
freÛn, freÛgan, to love; akin to D. vriend friend, OS. friund friend,
friohan to love, OHG. friunt friend, G. freund, Icel. frÊndi kinsman,
Sw. fr‰nde. Goth. frijnds friend, frijn to love. &radic;83. See Free,
and cf. Fiend.] 1. One who entertains for another such sentiments of
esteem, respect, and affection that he seeks his society and welfare; a
wellwisher; an intimate associate; sometimes, an attendant.

    Want gives to know the flatterer from the friend.


Dryden.

    A friend that sticketh closer than a brother.


Prov. xviii. 24.

2. One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of
the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be
assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address.

    Friend, how camest thou in hither?


Matt. xxii. 12.

3. One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project,
and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a friend to commerce, to
poetry, to an institution.

4. One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites and
an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp. by
opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They are
popularly called Quakers.

    America was first visited by Friends in 1656.


T. Chase.

5. A paramour of either sex. [Obs.] Shak.

A friend at court or in court, one disposed to act as a friend in a
place of special opportunity or influence. -- To be friends with, to
have friendly relations with. "He's . . . friends with CÊsar." Shak. --
To make friends with, to become reconciled to or on friendly terms
with. "Having now made friends with the Athenians." Jowett (Thucyd.).

Friend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Friended; p. pr. & vb. n. Friending.] To
act as the friend of; to favor; to countenance; to befriend. [Obs.]

    Fortune friends the bold.


Spenser.

Friend"ed, a. 1. Having friends; [Obs.]

2. Inclined to love; well-disposed. [Obs.] Shak.

Friend"ing, n. Friendliness. [Obs.] Shak.

Friend"less, a. [AS. freÛndle·s.] Destitute of friends; forsaken. --
Friend"less*ness, n.

Friend"li*ly (?), adv. In a friendly manner. Pope.

Friend"li*ness, n. The condition or quality of being friendly. Sir P.
Sidney.

Friend"ly, a. [AS. freÈndlce.] 1. Having the temper and disposition of
a friend; disposed to promote the good of another; kind; favorable.

2. Appropriate to, or implying, friendship; befitting friends;
amicable.

    In friendly relations with his moderate opponents.


Macaulay.

3. Not hostile; as, a friendly power or state.

4. Promoting the good of any person; favorable; propitious;
serviceable; as, a friendly breeze or gale.

    On the first friendly bank he throws him down.


Addison.

Syn. -- Amicable; kind; conciliatory; propitious; favorable. See
Amicable.

Friend"ly, adv. In the manner of friends; amicably; like friends.
[Obs.] Shak.

    In whom all graces that can perfect beauty Are friendly met.


Beau. & Fl.

Friend"ship, n. [AS. freÛndscipe. See Friend, and -ship.] 1. The state
of being friends; friendly relation, or attachment, to a person, or
between persons; affection arising from mutual esteem and good will;
friendliness; amity; good will.

    There is little friendship in the world.


Bacon.

    There can be no friendship without confidence, and no confidence
    without integrity.


Rambler.

    Preferred by friendship, and not chosen by sufficiency.


Spenser.

2. Kindly aid; help; assistance, [Obs.]

    Some friendship will it [a hovel] lend you gainst the tempest.


Shak.

3. Aptness to unite; conformity; affinity; harmony; correspondence.
[Obs.]

    Those colors . . . have a friendship with each other.


Dryden.

Fri"er (?), n. One who fries.

Friese (?), n. Same as Friesic, n.

Fries"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province in the
northern part of the Netherlands.

Fries"ic, n. The language of the Frisians, a Teutonic people formerly
occupying a large part of the coast of Holland and Northwestern
Germany. The modern dialects of Friesic are spoken chiefly in the
province of Friesland, and on some of the islands near the coast of
Germany and Denmark.

Fries"ish, a. Friesic. [R.]

Frieze (?), n. [Perh. the same word as frieze a, kind of cloth. Cf.
Friz.] (Arch.) (a) That part of the entablature of an order which is
between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either
uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and
other ornaments of sculpture. (b) Any sculptured or richly ornamented
band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of furniture. See
Illust. of Column.

    Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures graven.


Milton.

Frieze (?), n. [F. frise, perh. originally a woolen cloth or stuff from
Friesland (F. Frise); cf. LL. frisii panni and frissatus pannus, a
shaggy woolen cloth, F. friser to friz, curl. Cf. Friz.] A kind of
coarse woolen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on
one side. "Robes of frieze." Goldsmith.

Frieze, v. t. To make a nap on (cloth); to friz. See Friz, v. t., 2.

Friezing machine, a machine for friezing cloth; a friezing machine.

<! p. 597 !>

Friezed (?), a. Gathered, or having the map gathered, into little
tufts, knots, or protuberances. Cf. Frieze, v. t., and Friz, v. t., 2.

Frie"zer (?), n. One who, or that which, friezes or frizzes.

Frig"ate (?), n. [F. frÈgate, It. fregata, prob. contracted fr. L.
fabricata something constructed or built. See Fabricate.] 1.
Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by
oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels,
and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels
intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from
about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck
with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty guns.
After the application of steam to navigation steam frigates of largely
increased size and power were built, and formed the main part of the
navies of the world till about 1870, when the introduction of ironclads
superseded them. [Formerly spelled frigat and friggot.]

2. Any small vessel on the water. [Obs.] Spenser.

Frigate bird (Zoˆl.), a web- footed rapacious bird, of the genus
Fregata; -- called also man-of-war bird, and frigate pelican. Two
species are known; that of the Southern United States and West Indies
is F. aquila. They are remarkable for their long wings and powerful
flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by robbing gulls,
terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are related to the
pelicans. -- Frigate mackerel (Zoˆl.), an oceanic fish (Auxis Rochei)
of little or no value as food, often very abundant off the coast of the
United States. -- Frigate pelican. (Zoˆl.) Same as Frigate bird.

Frig"ate-built" (?), a. (Naut.) Built like a frigate with a raised
quarter-deck and forecastle.

Frig"a*toon` (?), n. [It. fregatone: cf. F. frÈgaton. See Frigate.]
(Naut.) A Venetian vessel, with a square stern, having only a mainmast,
jigger mast, and bowsprit; also a sloop of war ship- rigged.

Frig"e*fac`tion (?), n. [L. frigere to be cold + facere to make.] The
act of making cold. [Obs.]

Frig"e*fac`tive (?), a. Cooling. [Obs.] Boyle.

Frig"er*ate (?), v. t. [L. frigerare, fr. frigus cold.] To make cool.
[Obs.] Blount.

{ Frigg (?), Frig"ga (?) } n. [Icel. Frigg. See Friday.] (Scand. Myth.)
The wife of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess; the Juno
of the Valhalla. Cf. Freya.

Fright (frt), n. [OE. frigt, freyht, AS. fyrhto, fyrhtu; akin to OS.
forhta, OHG. forhta, forahta, G. furcht, Dan. frygt, Sw. fruktan, Goth.
fa˙rhtei fear, fa˙rhts timid.]

1. A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden
and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.

2. Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or
aversion. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See Alarm.

Fright (?), v. t. [imp. Frighted; p. pr. & vb. n.. Frighting.] [OE.
frigten to fear, frighten, AS. fyrhtan to frighten, forhtian to fear;
akin to OS. forhtian, OHG. furihten, forahtan, G. f¸rchten, Sw. frukta,
Dan. frygte, Goth. faurhtjan. See Fright, n., and cf. Frighten.] To
alarm suddenly; to shock by causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare.

    Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit.


Dryden.

Syn. -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.

Fright"en (?), v. t. [imp. Frightened (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Frightening
(#).] [See Fright, v. t.] To disturb with fear; to throw into a state
of alarm or fright; to affright; to terrify.

    More frightened than hurt.


Old Proverb.

Fright"ful (?), a. 1. Full of fright; affrighted; frightened. [Obs.]

    See how the frightful herds run from the wood.


W. Browne.

2. Full of that which causes fright; exciting alarm; impressing terror;
shocking; as, a frightful chasm, or tempest; a frightful appearance.

Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; alarming; fearful; terrific; awful; horrid;
horrible; shocking. -- Frightful, Dreadful, Awful. These words all
express fear. In frightful, it is a sudden emotion; in dreadful, it is
deeper and more prolonged; in awful, the fear is mingled with the
emotion of awe, which subdues us before the presence of some invisible
power. An accident may be frightful; the approach of death is dreadful
to most men; the convulsions of the earthquake are awful.

Fright"ful*ly (?), adv. In a frightful manner; to a frightful dagree.

Fright"ful*ness, n. The quality of being frightful.

Fright"less, a. Free from fright; fearless. [Obs.]

Fright"ment (?), n. Fear; terror. [Obs.]

Frig"id (?), a. [L. frigidus, fr. frigere to be cold; prob. akin to Gr.
&?; to shudder, or perh. to &?; cold. Cf. Frill.] 1. Cold; wanting heat
or warmth; of low temperature; as, a frigid climate.

2. Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity, etc.; unfeeling;
forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff and formal; as, a
frigid constitution; a frigid style; a frigid look or manner; frigid
obedience or service.

3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative
power; impotent. Johnson.

Frigid zone, that part of the earth which lies between either polar
circle and its pole. It extends 23&?; 28&?; from the pole. See the Note
under Arctic.

||Frig"i*da`ri*um (?), n.; pl. Frigidaria (#). [L., neut. of
||frigidarium cooling.] The cooling room of the Roman thermÊ, furnished
||with a cold bath.

Fri*gid"i*ty (?), n. [L. frigiditas: cf. F. frigiditÈ.] 1. The
condition or quality of being frigid; coldness; want of warmth.

    Ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air.


Sir T. Browne.

2. Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.; coldness of affection or
of manner; dullness; stiffness and formality; as, frigidity of a
reception, of a bow, etc.

3. Want of heat or vigor; as, the frigidity of old age.

Frig"id*ly (?), adv. In a frigid manner; coldly; dully; without
affection.

Frig"id*ness, n. The state of being frigid; want of heat, vigor, or
affection; coldness; dullness.

{ Frig"o*rif"ic (?), Frig"o*rif`ic*al (?) } a. [L. frigorificus;
frigus, frigoris, cold + facere to make: cf. F. frigorifique.] Causing
cold; producing or generating cold. Quincy.

Frill (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frilling.]
[OF. friller, fr. L. frigidulus somewhat cold, dim. of frigidus cold;
akin to F. frileux chilly.] 1. To shake or shiver as with cold; as, the
hawk frills. Johnson.

2. (Photog.) To wrinkle; -- said of the gelatin film.

Frill, v. t. To provide or decorate with a frill or frills; to turn
back. in crimped plaits; as, to frill a cap.

Frill, n. [See Frill, v. i.]. (Zoˆl.) (a) A ruffing of a bird's
feathers from cold. (b) A ruffle, consisting of a fold of membrane, of
hairs, or of feathers, around the neck of an animal. See Frilled lizard
(below). (c) A similar ruffle around the legs or other appendages of
animals. (d) A ruffled varex or fold on certain shells.

2. A border or edging secured at one edge and left free at the other,
usually fluted or crimped like a very narrow flounce.

Frilled (?), a. Furnished with a frill or frills.

Frilled lizard (Zoˆl.), a large Australian lizard (Chlamydosaurus
Kingii) about three feet long, which has a large, erectile frill on
each side of the neck.

Frim (?), a. [Cf. AS. freme good, bold, and E. frame.] Flourishing;
thriving; fresh; in good case; vigorous. [Obs.] "Frim pastures."
Drayton.

||Fri"maire` (?), n. [F., fr. frimas hoarfrost.] The third month of the
||French republican calendar. It commenced November 21, and ended
||December 20., See VendÈmiaire.

Fringe (?), n. [OF, fringe, F. frange, prob. fr. L. fimbria fiber,
thread, fringe, cf. fibra fiber, E. fiber, fimbriate.] 1. An ornamental
appendage to the border of a piece of stuff, originally consisting of
the ends of the warp, projecting beyond the woven fabric; but more
commonly made separate and sewed on, consisting sometimes of projecting
ends, twisted or plaited together, and sometimes of loose threads of
wool, silk, or linen, or narrow strips of leather, or the like.

2. Something resembling in any respect a fringe; a line of objects
along a border or edge; a border; an edging; a margin; a confine.

    The confines of grace and the fringes of repentance.


Jer. Taylor.

3. (Opt.) One of a number of light or dark bands, produced by the
interference of light; a diffraction band; -- called also interference
fringe.

4. (Bot.) The peristome or fringelike appendage of the capsules of most
mosses. See Peristome.

Fringe tree (Bot.), a small tree (Chionanthus Virginica), growing in
the Southern United States, and having snow-white flowers, with long
pendulous petals.

Fringe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fringed (?); p. pr. & vb. a. Fringing.] To
adorn the edge of with a fringe or as with a fringe.

    Precipices fringed with grass.


Bryant.

Fringing reef. See Coral reefs, under Coral.

Fringed (?), a. Furnished with a fringe.

Fringed lear (Bot.), a leaf edged with soft parallel hairs.

Fringe"less, a. Having no fringe.

Frin"gent (?), a. Encircling like a fringe; bordering. [R.] "The
fringent air." Emerson.

||Frin*gil"la (?), a. [NL., fr. L. fringilla a chaffinch.] (Zoˆl.) A
||genus of birds, with a short, conical, pointed bill. It formerly
||included all the sparrows and finches, but is now restricted to
||certain European finches, like the chaffinch and brambling.

Frin`gil*la"ceous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Fringilline.

Frin*gil"line (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the family FringillidÊ;
characteristic of finches; sparrowlike.

Frin"gy (?), a. Aborned with fringes. Shak.

Frip"per (?), n. [F. fripier, fr. friper to rumple, fumble, waste.] One
who deals in frippery or in old clothes. [Obs.] Bacon.

Frip"per*er (?), n. A fripper. [Obs.] Johnson.

Frip"per*y (?), n. [F. friperie, fr. fruper. See Fripper.] 1. Coast-off
clothes. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. Hence: Secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry decoration; affected
elegance.

    Fond of gauze and French frippery.


Goldsmith.

    The gauzy frippery of a French translation.


Sir W. Scott.

3. A place where old clothes are sold. Shak.

4. The trade or traffic in old clothes.

Frip"per*y (?), a. Trifling; contemptible.

||Fri"seur' (?), n. [F., fr. friser to curl, frizzle. See Frizzle.] A
||hairdresser.

Fri"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the
Netherlands; Friesic.

Fri"sian, n. A native or inhabitant of Friesland; also, the language
spoken in Friesland. See Friesic, n.

Frisk (?), a. [OF. frieque, cf. OHG. frise lively, brisk, fresh, Dan. &
Sw. frisk, Icel. friskr. See Fresh, a.] Lively; brisk; frolicsome;
frisky. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Frisk, a. A frolic; a fit of wanton gayety; a gambol: a little playful
skip or leap. Johnson.

Frisk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frisked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frisking.] To
leap, skip, dance, or gambol, in fronc and gayety.

    The frisking satyrs on the summits danced.


Addison.

Frisk"al (?), n. A leap or caper. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Frisker (?), n. One who frisks; one who leaps of dances in gayety; a
wanton; an inconstant or unsettled person. Camden.

Fris"ket (?), n. [F. frisguette. Perh. so named from the velocity or
frequency of its motion. See Frisk a.] (Print.) The light frame which
holds the sheet of paper to the tympan in printing.

Frisk"ful (?), a. Brisk; lively; frolicsome.

Frisk"i*ly' (?), adv. In a frisky manner.

Frisk"i*ness, n. State or quality of being frisky.

Frisk"y, a. Inclined to frisk; frolicsome; gay.

    He is too frisky for an old man.


Jeffrey.

Fris"let (frz"lt), n. [Cf. Fraise a kind of defense; also Friz.] A kind
of small ruffle. Halliwell.

Frist (frst), v. t. [OE. fristen, firsten, to lend, give respite,
postpone, AS. firstan to give respite to; akin to first time, G. frist,
Icel. frest delay.] To sell upon credit, as goods. [R.] Crabb.

||Fri"sure` (?), n. [F.] The dressing of the hair by crisping or
||curling. Smollett.

Frit (?), n. [F. fritte, fr. frit fried, p. p. of frire to fry. See
Far, v. t.] 1. (Glass Making) The material of which glass is made,
after having been calcined or partly fused in a furnace, but before
vitrification. It is a composition of silex and alkali, occasionally
with other ingredients. Ure.

2. (Ceramics) The material for glaze of pottery.

Frit brick, a lump of calcined glass materials, brought to a pasty
condition in a reverberatory furnace, preliminary to the perfect
vitrification in the melting pot.

Frit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fritted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fritting.] To
prepare by heat (the materials for making glass); to fuse partially.
Ure.

Frit, v. t. To fritter; -- with away. [R.] Ld. Lytton.

Frith (frth), n. [OE. firth, Icel. fjˆrr; akin to Sw. fj‰rd, Dan.
fiord, E. ford. &radic;78. See Ford, n., and cf. Firth, Fiord, Fret a
frith, Port a harbor.]

1. (Geog.) A narrow arm of the sea; an estuary; the opening of a river
into the sea; as, the Frith of Forth.

2. A kind of weir for catching fish. [Eng.] Carew.

Frith, n. [OE. frith peace, protection, land inclosed for hunting,
park, forest, AS. fri peace; akin to freno peace, protection, asylum,
G. friede peace, Icel. frir, and from the root of E. free, friend. See
Free, a., and cf. Affray, Defray.] 1. A forest; a woody place. [Obs.]
Drayton.

2. A small field taken out of a common, by inclosing it; an inclosure.
[Obs.] Sir J. Wynne.

Frith"y (?), a. Woody. [Obs.] Skelton.

||Frit"il*la`ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. fritillus dicebox: cf. F.
||fritillaire. So named from the checkered markings of the petals.]
||(Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants, of which the crown-imperial
||(Fritillaria imperialis) is one species, and the Guinea-hen flower
||(F. Meleagris) another. See Crown-imperial.

Frit"il*la*ry (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A plant with checkered petals, of the
genus Fritillaria: the Guinea-hen flower. See Fritillaria.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of butterflies belonging to Argynnis
and allied genera; -- so called because the coloring of their wings
resembles that of the common Fritillaria. See Aphrodite.

Frit"i*nan*cy (?), n. [L. fritinnire to twitter.] A chirping or
creaking, as of a cricket. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Frit"ter (?), n. [OR. fritour, friture, pancake, F. friture frying, a
thing fried, from frire to fry. See Far, v. t.] 1. A small quantity of
batter, fried in boiling lard or in a frying pan. Fritters are of
various kinds, named from the substance inclosed in the batter; as,
apple fritters, clam fritters, oyster fritters.

2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece.

    And cut whole giants into fritters.


Hudibras.

Corn fritter. See under Corn.

Frit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frittering.] 1. To cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.

2. To break into small pieces or fragments.

    Break all nerves, and fritter all their sense.


Pope.

To fritter away, to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by
taking away a little at a time; also, to waste piecemeal; as, to
fritter away time, strength, credit, etc.

Frit"ting (?), n. [See Frit to expose to heat.] The formation of frit
or slag by heat with but incipient fusion.

Friv"o*lism (?), n. Frivolity. [R.] Pristley.

Fri*vol"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Frivolities (#). [Cg. F. frivolitÈ. See
Frivolous.] The condition or quality of being frivolous; also, acts or
habits of trifling; unbecoming levity of disposition.

<! p. 598 !>

Friv"o*lous (?), a. [L. frivolus; prob. akin to friare to rub, crumble,
E. friable: cf. F. frivole.]

1. Of little weight or importance; not worth notice; slight; as, a
frivolous argument. Swift.

2. Given to trifling; marked with unbecoming levity; silly; interested
especially in trifling matters.

    His personal tastes were low and frivolous.


Macaulay.

Syn. -- Trifling; trivial; slight; petty; worthless.

-- Friv"o*lous*ly, adv. -- Friv"o*lous*ness, n.

Friz (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzing
(?).] [Cf. F. friser to curl, crisp, frizzle, to raise the nap (on
certain stuffs); prob.akin to OFries. frisle hair of the head. Cf.
Frieze kind of cloth.] [Written also frizz.] 1. To curl or form into
small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to crisp.

    With her hair frizzed short up to her ears.


Pepys.

2. To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or tufts, as the nap
of cloth.

3. (Leather Manufacture) To soften and make of even thickness by
rubbing, as with pumice stone or a blunt instrument.

Frizzing machine. (a) (Fabrics) A machine for frizzing the surface of
cloth. (b) (Wood Working) A bench with a revolving cutter head slightly
protruding above its surface, for dressing boards.

Friz, n.; pl. Frizzes (&?;). That which is frizzed; anything crisped or
curled, as a wig; a frizzle. [Written also frizz.]

    He [Dr. Johnson], who saw in his glass how his wig became his face
    and head, might easily infer that a similar fullbottomed,
    well-curled friz of words would be no less becoming to his
    thoughts.


Hare.

Frize (?), n. (Arch.) See 1st Frieze.

Friz"el (?), a. (Firearms) A movable furrowed piece of steel struck by
the flint, to throw sparks into the pan, in an early form of flintlock.
Knight.

Fri*zette" (?), n. [F. frisette curl.] A curl of hair or silk; a pad of
frizzed hair or silk worn by women under the hair to stuff it out.

Frizz (?), v. t. & n. See Friz, v. t. & n.

Friz"zle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frizzling (?).] [Dim. of friz.] To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz; to
crinkle. Gay.

To frizzle up, to crinkle or crisp excessively.

Friz"zle, n. A curl; a lock of hair crisped. Milton.

Friz"zler` (?), n. One who frizzles.

{ Friz"zly (?), Friz"zy (?), } a. Curled or crisped; as, frizzly, hair.

Fro (fr), adv. [OE. fra, fro, adv. & prep., Icel. fr, akin to Dan. fra
from, E. from. See From.] From; away; back or backward; -- now used
only in opposition to the word to, in the phrase to and fro, that is,
to and from. See To and fro under To. Milton.

Fro, prep. From. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Frock (?), n. [F. froc a monk's cowl, coat, garment, LL. frocus,
froccus, flocus, floccus, fr. L. floccus a flock of wool; hence orig.,
a flocky cloth or garment; cf. L. flaccus flabby, E. flaccid.] 1. A
loose outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European
modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse shirtlike garment
worn by some workmen over their other clothes; a smock frock; as, a
marketman's frock.

2. A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and supposed to take the
place of all, or nearly all, other garments. It has a hood which can be
drawn over the head at pleasure, and is girded by a cord.

Frock coat, a body coat for men, usually double-breasted, the skirts
not being in one piece with the body, but sewed on so as to be somewhat
full. -- Smock frock. See in the Vocabulary.

Frock, v. t. 1. To clothe in a frock.

2. To make a monk of. Cf. Unfrock.

Frocked (?), a. Clothed in a frock.

Frock"less (?), a. Destitute of a frock.

Froe (fr), n. [See Frow.] A dirty woman; a slattern; a frow. [Obs.]
"Raging frantic froes." Draylon.

Froe, n. [See Frow the tool] An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow.
[U. S.] Bartlett.

Frog (frg), n. [AS. froggu, frocga a frog (in sensel); akin to D.
vorsch, OHG. frosk, G. frosch, Icel. froskr, fraukr, Sw. & Dan. frˆ.]
1. (Zoˆl.) An amphibious animal of the genus Rana and related genera,
of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many
of the species utter loud notes in the springtime.

The edible frog of Europe (Rana esculenta) is extensively used as food;
the American bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its great size
and loud voice.

2. [Perh. akin to E. fork, cf. frush frog of a horse.] (Anat.) The
triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the sole of the
foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette.

3. (Railroads) A supporting plate having raised ribs that form
continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track
branches from another or crosses it.

4. [Cf. fraco of wool or silk, L. floccus, E. frock.] An oblong cloak
button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a loop instead
of a button hole.

5. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword.

Cross frog (Railroads), a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right
angles. -- Frog cheese, a popular name for a large puffball. -- Frog
eater, one who eats frogs; -- a term of contempt applied to a Frenchman
by the vulgar class of English. -- Frog fly. (Zoˆl.) See Frog hopper.
-- Frog hopper (Zoˆl.), a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living on
plants. The larvÊ are inclosed in a frothy liquid called cuckoo spit or
frog spit. -- Frog lily (Bot.), the yellow water lily (Nuphar). -- Frog
spit (Zoˆl.), the frothy exudation of the frog hopper; -- called also
frog spittle. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.

Frog (?), v. t. To ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See
Frog, n., 4.

Frog"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A European plant (Hydrocharis Morsus-
ranÊ), floating on still water and propagating itself by runners. It
has roundish leaves and small white flowers. (b) An American plant
(Limnobium Spongia), with similar habits.

Frog"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) See Angler, n., 2. (b) An oceanic fish
of the genus Antennarius or Pterophrynoides; -- called also mousefish
and toadfish.

Frogged (?), a. Provided or ornamented with frogs; as, a frogged coat.
See Frog, n., 4. Ld. Lytton.

Frog"gy (?), a. Abounding in frogs. Sherwood.

Frog"mouth` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of Asiatic and East
Indian birds of the genus Batrachostomus (family PodargidÊ); -- so
called from their very broad, flat bills.

Frog"s`-bit" (?), n. (Bot.) Frogbit.

Frog"shell` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of numerous species of marine gastropod
shells, belonging to Ranella and allied genera.

Froise (?), n. [OE. froise cf. F. froisser to bruise, E. frush to
bruise,] A kind of pancake. See 1st Fraise. [Written also fraise.]

Frol"ic (frl"k), a. [D. vroolijk; akin to G. frˆlich, fr. froh, OHG.
fr, Dan. fro, OS. frh, cf. Icel. frr swift; all perh. akin to Skr. pru
to spring up.] Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about;
full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry.

    The frolic wind that breathes the spring.


Milton.

    The gay, the frolic, and the loud.


Waller.

Frol"ic, n. 1. A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and
mirth.

    He would be at his frolic once again.


Roscommon.

2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a
merrymaking.

Frol"ic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frolicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frolicking.] To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and
gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport.

    Hither, come hither, and frolic and play.


Tennyson.

Frol"ic*ful (?), a. Frolicsome. [R.]

Frol"ick*y (?), a. Frolicsome. [Obs.] Richardson.

Frol"ic*ly, adv. In a frolicsome manner; with mirth and gayety. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.

Frol"ic*some (?), a. Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks;
sportive.

    Old England, who takes a frolicsome brain fever once every two or
    three years, for the benefit of her doctors.


Sir W. Scott.

-- Frol"ic*some*ly, adv. -- Frol"ic*some*ness, n.

From (frm), prep. [AS. fram, from; akin to OS. fram out, OHG. & Icel.
fram forward, Sw. fram, Dan. frem, Goth. fram from, prob. akin to E.
forth. &?;202. Cf. Fro, Foremost.] Out of the neighborhood of;
lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of;
by aid of; -- used whenever departure, setting out, commencement of
action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation,
absence, separation, etc., are to be expressed. It is construed with,
and indicates, the point of space or time at which the action, state,
etc., are regarded as setting out or beginning; also, less frequently,
the source, the cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; --
the antithesis and correlative of to; as, it, is one hundred miles from
Boston to Springfield; he took his sword from his side; light proceeds
from the sun; separate the coarse wool from the fine; men have all
sprung from Adam, and often go from good to bad, and from bad to worse;
the merit of an action depends on the principle from which it proceeds;
men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from testimony.

    Experience from the time past to the time present.


Bacon.

    The song began from Jove.


Drpden.

    From high MÊonia's rocky shores I came.


Addison.

    If the wind blow any way from shore.


Shak.

From sometimes denotes away from, remote from, inconsistent with.
"Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing." Shak. From, when
joined with another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for
abbreviating the sentence. "There followed him great multitudes of
people . . . from [the land] beyond Jordan." Math. iv. 25. In certain
constructions, as from forth, from out, etc., the ordinary and more
obvious arrangment is inverted, the sense being more distinctly forth
from, out from -- from being virtually the governing preposition, and
the word the adverb. See From off, under Off, adv., and From afar,
under Afar, adv.

    Sudden partings such as press The life from out young hearts.


Byron.

{ From"ward (?), From"wards (?), } prep. [AS. framweard about to
depart. Cf. Froward] A way from; -- the contrary of toward. [Obs.]

    Towards or fromwards the zenith.


Cheyne.

Frond (?), n. [L. frons, frondis, a leafy branch, foliage.] (Bot.) The
organ formed by the combination or union into one body of stem and
leaf, and often bearing the fructification; as, the frond of a fern or
of a lichen or seaweed; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm tree.

Fron*da"tion (?), n. [L. frondatio, from frons. See Frond.] The act of
stripping, as trees, of leaves or branches; a kind of pruning. Evelyn.

||Fronde (?), n. [F.] (F. Hist.) A political party in France, during
||the minority of Louis XIV., who opposed the government, and made war
||upon the court party.

Frond"ed (?), a. Furnished with fronds. "Fronded palms." Whittier.

Fron"dent (?), a. [L. frondens, p. pr. of frondere to put forth leaves.
See Frond.] Covered with leaves; leafy; as, a frondent tree. [R.]

Fron*desce" (?), v. i. [L. frondescere, inchoative fr. frondere. See
Frondent.] To unfold leaves, as plants.

Fron*des"cence (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The time at which each species of
plants unfolds its leaves. (b) The act of bursting into leaf. Milne.
Martyn.

||Fron"deur` (?), n. [F.] (F. Hist.) A member of the Fronde.

Fron*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L. frondifer frons a leafy branch + ferre to
bear: cf. F. frondifere.] Producing fronds.

Frond"let (?), n. (Bot.) A very small frond, or distinct portion of a
compound frond.

Fron*dose" (?), a. [L. frondosus leafy.] (Bot.) (a) Frond bearing;
resembling a frond; having a simple expansion not separable into stem
and leaves. (b) Leafy. Gray.

Fron"dous (?), a. (Bot.) Frondose. [R.]

||Frons (?), n. [L., front.] (Anal.) The forehead; the part of the
||cranium between the orbits and the vertex.

Front (?), n. [F. frant forehead, L. frons, frontis; perh. akin to E.
brow.] 1. The forehead or brow, the part of the face above the eyes;
sometimes, also, the whole face.

    Bless'd with his father's front, his mother's tongue.


Pope.

    Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front.


Shak.

    His front yet threatens, and his frowns command.


Prior.

2. The forehead, countenance, or personal presence, as expressive of
character or temper, and especially, of boldness of disposition,
sometimes of impudence; seeming; as, a bold front; a hardened front.

    With smiling fronts encountering.


Shak.

    The inhabitants showed a bold front.


Macaulay.

3. The part or surface of anything which seems to look out, or to be
directed forward; the fore or forward part; the foremost rank; the van;
-- the opposite to back or rear; as, the front of a house; the front of
an army.

    Had he his hurts before? Ay, on the front.


Shak.

4. A position directly before the face of a person, or before the
foremost part of a thing; as, in front of un person, of the troops, or
of a house.

5. The most conspicuous part.

    The very head and front of my offending.


Shak.

6. That which covers the foremost part of the head: a front piece of
false hair worn by women.

    Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front.


Mrs. Browning.

7. The beginning. "Summer's front." Shak.

Bastioned front (Mil.), a curtain connerting two half bastions. --
Front door, the door in the front wall of a building, usually the
principal entrance. -- Front of fortification, the works constructed
upon any one side of a polygon. Farrow. -- Front of operations, all
that part of the field of operations in front of the successive
positions occupied by the army as it moves forward. Farrow. -- To come
to the front, to attain prominence or leadership.

Front, a. Of or relating to the front or forward part; having a
position in front; foremost; as, a front view.

Front, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fronted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fronting.] 1. To
oppose face to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile manner.

    You four shall front them in the narrow lane.


Shak.

2. To appear before; to meet.

    [Enid] daily fronted him In some fresh splendor.


Tennyson.

3. To face toward; to have the front toward; to confront; as, the house
fronts the street.

    And then suddenly front the changed reality.


J. Morley.

4. To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against as, his house
fronts the church.

5. To adorn in front; to supply a front to; as, to front a house with
marble; to front a head with laurel.

    Yonder walls, that pertly front your town.


Shak.

Front, v. t. To have or turn the face or front in any direction; as,
the house fronts toward the east.

Front"age (?), n. The front part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.

Fron"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. frontal.] Belonging to the front part; being
in front; esp. (Anat.), Of or pertaining to the forehead or the
anterior part of the roof of the brain case; as, the frontal bones.

Fron"tal, n. [F. frontal, fronteau, OF. Frontel, frontal, L. frontale
an ornament for the forehead, frontlet. See Front.] 1. Something worn
on the forehead or face; a frontlet; as: (a) An ornamental band for the
hair. (b) (Mil.) The metal face guard of a soldier.

<! p. 599 !>

2. (Arch.) A little pediment over a door or window.

3. (Eccl.) A movable, decorative member in metal, carved wood, or,
commonly, in rich stuff or in embroidery, covering the front of the
altar. Frontals are usually changed according to the different
ceremonies.

4. (Med.) A medicament or application for the forehead. [Obs.] Quincy.

5. (Anat.) The frontal bone, or one of the two frontal bones, of the
cranium.

Frontal hammer or helve, a forge hammer lifted by a cam, acting upon a
"tongue" immediately in front of the hammer head. Raymond.

{ Fron"tate (?), Fron'ta*ted (?), } a. Growing broader and broader, as
a leaf; truncate.

Front"ed (?), a. Formed with a front; drawn up in line. "Fronted
brigades." Milton.

Fron"tier (?), n. [F. frontiËre, LL. frontaria. See Front.] 1. That
part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled
region; the marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country,
bordering on another country; the border of the settled and cultivated
part of a country; as, the frontier of civilization.

2. (Fort.) An outwork. [Obs.]

    Palisadoes, frontiers, parapets.


Shak.

Fron"tier, a. 1. Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous;
as, a frontier town.

2. Of or relating to a frontier. "Frontier experience." W. Irving.

Fron"tier, v. i. To constitute or form a frontier; to have a frontier;
-- with on. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

Fron"tiered (?), p. a. Placed on the frontiers. [R.]

Fron"tiers*man (?), n.; pl. Frontiersmen (&?;). A man living on the
frontier.

||Fron`ti*gnac" (?), Fron`ti`gnan" (&?;), n. [So called from
||Frontignan, a town in Southern France.] 1. A sweet muscadine wine
||made in Frontignan (Languedoc), France.

2. (Bot.) A grape of many varieties and colors.

Front"ing*ly (?), adv. In a fronting or facing position; opposingly.

Fron`tin*iac" (?), n. See Frontignac.

Fron"tis*piece (?), n. [F. frontispice, LL. frontispicium beginning,
front of a church, fr. L. frons front + spicere, specere, to look at,
view: cf. It. frontispizio. See Front and Spy.] The part which first
meets the eye; as: (a) (Arch.) The principal front of a building. [Obs.
or R.] (b) An ornamental figure or illustration fronting the first
page, or titlepage, of a book; formerly, the titlepage itself.

Front"less (?), a. Without face or front; shameless; not diffident;
impudent. [Obs.] "Frontless vice." Dryden. "Frontless flattery." Pope.

Front"less*ly, adv. Shamelessly; impudently. [Obs.]

Front"let (?), n. [OF. frontelet brow band, dim. of frontel, frontal.
See Frontal, n.] 1. A frontal or brow band; a fillet or band worn on
the forehead.

    They shall be as frontlets between thine eyes.


Deut. vi. 8.

2. A frown (likened to a frontlet). [R. & Poetic]

    What makes that frontlet on? Methinks you are too much of late i'
    the frown.


Shak.

3. (Zoˆl.) The margin of the head, behind the bill of birds, often
bearing rigid bristles.

Fron"to- (?). [L. frons, frontis, the forehead.] (Anat.) A combining
form signifying relating to the forehead or the frontal bone; as,
fronto-parietal, relating to the frontal and the parietal bones;
fronto-nasal, etc.

||Fron`ton" (?), n. [F., a pediment. See Front.] (Arch.) Same as
||Frontal, 2.

Frop"pish (?), a. [Cf. Frap, Frape.] Peevish; froward. [Obs.]
Clarendon.

Frore (?), adv. [See Frorn.] Frostily. [Obs.]

    The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire.


Milton.

Frorn (?), p. a. [AS. froren, p. p. of freÛsun to freeze. See Freeze.]
Frozen. [Obs.]

    Well nigh frorn I feel.


Spenser.

Fro"ry (?), a. [AS. freÛrig. See Frorn.] 1. Frozen; stiff with cold.
[Obs.] Spenser.

2. Covered with a froth like hoarfrost. [Archaic]

    The foaming steed with frory bit to steer.


Fairfax.

Frost (frst; 115), n. [OE. frost, forst, AS. forst, frost. fr. freÛsan
to freeze; akin to D. varst, G., OHG., Icel., Dan., & Sw. frost.
&radic;18. See Freeze, v. i.] 1. The act of freezing; -- applied
chiefly to the congelation of water; congelation of fluids.

2. The state or temperature of the air which occasions congelation, or
the freezing of water; severe cold or freezing weather.

    The third bay comes a frost, a killing frost.


Shak.

3. Frozen dew; -- called also hoarfrost or white frost.

    He scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes.


Ps. cxlvii. 16.

4. Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character. [R.]

    It was of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the
    Scottish people melts like a snow wreath.


Sir W. Scott.

Black frost, cold so intense as to freeze vegetation and cause it to
turn black, without the formation of hoarfrost. -- Frost bearer
(Physics), a philosophical instrument illustrating the freezing of
water in a vacuum; a cryophorus. -- Frost grape (Bot.), an American
grape, with very small, acid berries. -- Frost lamp, a lamp placed
below the oil tube of an Argand lamp to keep the oil limpid on cold
nights; -- used especially in lighthouses. Knight. -- Frost nail, a
nail with a sharp head driven into a horse's shoe to keep him from
slipping. -- Frost smoke, an appearance resembling smoke, caused by
congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe cold.

    The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black
    obscurity: it is the frost smoke of arctic winters.


Kane.

-- Frost valve, a valve to drain the portion of a pipe, hydrant, pump,
etc., where water would be liable to freeze. -- Jack Frost, a popular
personification of frost.

Frost (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frosted; p. pr. & vb. n. Frosting.] 1.
To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants.

2. To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface resembling frost upon,
as upon cake, metals, or glass.

    While with a hoary light she frosts the ground.


Wordsworth.

3. To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or calks of horseshoes, so
as to fit them for frosty weather.

Frost"bird (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The golden plover.

Frost"bite (?), n. The freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part
of the body, as the ears or nose. Kane. [1913 Webster]

Frost`bite", v. t. To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air;
to blight or nip with frost.

    My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to frostbite
    themselves.


Pepys.

Frost`-bit"ten (?), p. a. Nipped, withered, or injured, by frost or
freezing.

Frost`-blite" (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Atriplex; orache.
Gray. (b) The lamb's- quarters (Chenopodium album). Dr. Prior.

Frost"ed, a. Covered with hoarfrost or anything resembling hoarfrost;
ornamented with frosting; also, frost-bitten; as, a frosted cake;
frosted glass.

    Frosted work is introduced as a foil or contrast to burnished work.


Knight.

Frost`fish" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The tomcod; -- so called because it is
abundant on the New England coast in autumn at about the commencement
of frost. See Tomcod. (b) The smelt. [Local, U. S.] (c) A name applied
in New Zealand to the scabbard fish (Lepidotus) valued as a food fish.

Frost"i*ly (?), adv. In a frosty manner.

Frost"i*ness, n. State or quality of being frosty.

Frost"ing, n. 1. A composition of sugar and beaten egg, used to cover
or ornament cake, pudding, etc.

2. A lusterless finish of metal or glass; the process of producing such
a finish.

Frost"less, a. Free from frost; as, a frostless winter.

Frost"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) An American species of rockrose
(Helianthemum Canadense), sometimes used in medicine as an astringent
or aromatic tonic.

It has large yellow flowers which are often sterile, and later it has
abundant but inconspicuous flowers which bear seed. It is so called
because, late in autumn, crystals of ice shoot from the cracked bark at
the root; -- called also frostwort.

Frost`work" (?), n. The figurework, often fantastic and delicate, which
moisture sometimes forms in freezing, as upon a window pane or a
flagstone.

Frost`wort" (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Frostweed.

Frost"y (?), a. [Cf. AS. fyrstig.] 1. Attended with, or producing,
frost; having power to congeal water; cold; freezing; as, a frosty
night.

2. Covered with frost; as, the grass is frosty.

3. Chill in affection; without warmth of affection or courage. Johnson.

4. Appearing as if covered with hoarfrost; white; gray-haired; as, a
frosty head. Shak.

Frote (?), v. t. [F. frotter.] To rub or wear by rubbing; to chafe.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

Fro"ter*er (?), n. One who frotes; one who rubs or chafes. [Obs.]
Marston.

Froth (?), n. [OE. frothe, Icel. froa; akin to Dan. fraade, Sw.
fradga, AS. freoan to froth.]

1. The bubbles caused in fluids or liquors by fermentation or
agitation; spume; foam; esp., a spume of saliva caused by disease or
nervous excitement.

2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence; rhetoric without
thought. Johnson.

    It was a long speech, but all froth.


L'Estrange.

3. Light, unsubstantial matter. Tusser.

Froth insect (Zoˆl.), the cuckoo spit or frog hopper; -- called also
froth spit, froth worm, and froth fly. -- Froth spit. See Cuckoo spit,
under Cuckoo.

Froth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frothed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.. Frothing.] 1.
To cause to foam.

2. To spit, vent, or eject, as froth.

    He . . . froths treason at his mouth.


Dryden.

    Is your spleen frothed out, or have ye more?


Tennyson.

3. To cover with froth; as, a horse froths his chain.

Froth, v. i. To throw up or out spume, foam, or bubbles; to foam; as
beer froths; a horse froths.

Froth"i*ly (?), adv. In a frothy manner.

Froth"i*ness, n. State or quality of being frothy.

Froth"ing, n. Exaggerated declamation; rant.

Froth"less, a. Free from froth.

Froth"y (?), a. [Compar. Frothier (?); superl. Frothiest.] 1. Full of
foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles; spumous; foamy.

2. Not firm or solid; soft; unstable. Bacon.

3. Of the nature of froth; light; empty; unsubstantial; as, a frothy
speaker or harangue. Tillotson.

Frounce (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frouncing (?).] [OE. frouncen, fronsen, to told, wrinkle, OF. froncier,
F. froncer, perh. fr. an assumed LL. frontiare to wrinkle the forehead,
L. frons forehead. See Front, and cf. Flounce part of a dress.] To
gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress; to form wrinkles in or
upon; to curl or frizzle, as the hair.

    Not tricked and frounced, as she was wont.


Milton.

Frounce, v. i. To form wrinkles in the forehead; to manifest
displeasure; to frown. [Obs.]

    The Commons frounced and stormed.


Holland.

Frounce, n. 1. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a flounce; -- also, a frown.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. An affection in hawks, in which white spittle gathers about the
hawk's bill. Booth.

Frounce"less, a. Without frounces. Rom. of R.

Frou"zy (?), a. [Prov. E. frouzy froward, peevish, offensive to the eye
or smell; cf. froust a musty smell, frouse to rumple, frouze to curl,
and E. frounce, frowy.] Fetid, musty; rank; disordered and offensive to
the smell or sight; slovenly; dingy. See Frowzy. "Petticoats in frouzy
heaps." Swift.

Frow (?), n. [D. vrouw; akin to G. frau woman, wife, goth, fr·uja
master, lord, AS. fre·.] 1. A woman; especially, a Dutch or German
woman. Beau. & Fl.

2. A dirty woman; a slattern. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Frow (?), n. [Cf. Frower.] A cleaving tool with handle at right angles
to the blade, for splitting cask staves and shingles from the block; a
frower.

Frow (?), a. Brittle. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Fro"ward (?), a. [Fro + - ward. See Fro, and cf. Fromward.] Not willing
to yield or compIy with what is required or is reasonable; perverse;
disobedient; peevish; as, a froward child.

    A froward man soweth strife.


Prov. xvi. 28.

    A froward retention of custom is as turbulent a thing as
    innovation.


Bacon.

Syn. -- Untoward; wayward; unyielding; ungovernable: refractory;
obstinate; petulant; cross; peevish. See Perverse.

-- Fro"ward*ly, adv. -- Fro"ward*ness, n.

Frow"er (?), n. [Cf. frow a frower, and Prov. E, frommard.] A tool. See
2d Frow. Tusser.

Frow"ey (?), a. [See Frow, a.] (Carp.) Working smoothly, or without
splitting; -- said of timber.

Frown (?), v. i. [imp. &, p. p. Frowned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frowning.]
[OF. froignier, F. frogner, in se refrogner, se renfrogner, to knit the
brow, to frown; perh. of Teutonic origin; cf. It. in frigno wrinkled,
frowning, Prov. It. frignare to cringe the face, to make a wry face,
dial. Sw. fryna to make a wry face,] 1. To contract the brow in
displeasure, severity, or sternness; to scowl; to put on a stern, grim,
or surly look.

    The frowning wrinkle of her brow.


Shak.

2. To manifest displeasure or disapprobation; to look with disfavor or
threateningly; to lower; as, polite society frowns upon rudeness.

    The sky doth frown and lower upon our army.


Shak.

Frown, v. t. To repress or repel by expressing displeasure or
disapproval; to rebuke with a look; as, frown the impudent fellow into
silence.

Frown, n. 1. A wrinkling of the face in displeasure, rebuke, etc.; a
sour, severe, or stere look; a scowl.

    His front yet threatens, and his frowns command.


Prior.

    Her very frowns are fairer far Than smiles of other maidens are.


H. Coleridge.

2. Any expression of displeasure; as, the frowns of Providence; the
frowns of Fortune.

Frown"ing*ly, adv. In a frowning manner.

Frown"y (?), a. Frowning; scowling. [Obs.]

    Her frowny mother's ragged shoulder.


Sir F. Palgrave.

Frow"y (?), a. [Cf. Frowzy, Frouzy.] Musty. rancid; as, frowy butter.
"Frowy feed." Spenser

Frow"zy (?), a. [See Frouzy.] Slovenly; unkempt; untidy; frouzy. "With
head all frowzy." Spenser.

    The frowzy soldiers' wives hanging out clothes.


W. D. Howells.

Froze (?), imp. of Freeze.

Fro"zen (?), a. 1. Congealed with cold; affected by freezing; as, a
frozen brook.

    They warmed their frozen feet.


Dryden.

2. Subject to frost, or to long and severe cold; chilly; as, the frozen
north; the frozen zones.

3. Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding. [R.]

    Be not ever frozen, coy.


T. Carew.

Fro"zen*ness, n. A state of being frozen.

Frub"ish (?), v. t. [See Furbish.] To rub up: to furbish. [Obs.] Beau.
c& Et.

Fruc"ted (?), a. [L. fructus fruit. See Fruit.] (Her.) Bearing fruit;
-- said of a tree or plant so represented upon an escutcheon. Cussans.

Fruc*tes"cence (?), n. [L. fructus fruit.] (Bot.) The maturing or
ripening of fruit. [R.] Martyn.

Fruc*tic"u*lose` (?), a. Fruitful; full of fruit.

||Fruc`ti`dor" (?), n. [F., fr. L. fructus fruit.] The twelfth month of
||the French republican calendar; -- commencing August 18, and ending
||September 16. See VendÈmiaire.

||Fruc*tif"er*uos (?), a. [L. fructifer; fructus fruit + ferre to bear;
||cf. F. fructifËre.] Bearing or producing fruit. Boyle.

||Fruc`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fructificatio: cf. F. fructification.]
||1. The act of forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or
||rendering productive of fruit; fecundation.

    The prevalent fructification of plants.


Sir T. Brown.

2. (Bot.) (a) The collective organs by which a plant produces its
fruit, or seeds, or reproductive spores. (b) The process of producing
fruit, or seeds, or spores.

<! p. 600 !>

Fruc"ti*fy (frk"t*f), v. i. [F. fructifier, L. fructificare; fructus
fruit + -ficare (only in comp.), akin to L. facere to make. See Fruit,
and Fact.] To bear fruit. "Causeth the earth to fructify." Beveridge.

Fruc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fructified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fructifying.] To make fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; as,
to fructify the earth.

Fruc*tose" (frk*ts" or frk"ts), n. [L. fructus fruit.] (Chem.) Fruit
sugar; levulose. [R.]

Fruc"tu*a*ry (frk"t**r), n.; pl. Fructuaries (- rz). [L. fructuarius.]
One who enjoys the profits, income, or increase of anything.

    Kings are not proprietors nor fructuaries.


Prynne.

Fruc"tu*a`tion (-"shn), n. Produce; fruit. [R.]

Fruc"tu*ous (?), a. [L. fructuosus: cf, F. fructueux.] Fruitful;
productive; profitable. [Obs.]

    Nothing fructuous or profitable.


Chaucer.

-- Fruc"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Fruc"tu*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Fruc"ture (?), n. [L. frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy. See Fruit, n.]
Use; fruition; enjoyment. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Frue" van"ner (?). [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mining) A moving, inclined,
endless apron on which ore is concentrated by a current of water; a
kind of buddle.

Fru"gal (?), a. [L. frugalis, fr. frugi, lit., for fruit; hence, fit
for food, useful, proper, temperate, the dative of frux, frugis, fruit,
akin to E. fruit: cf. F. frugal. See Fruit, n.] 1. Economical in the
use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful or lavish; wise in the
expenditure or application of force, materials, time, etc.;
characterized by frugality; sparing; economical; saving; as, a frugal
housekeeper; frugal of time.

    I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such
    disproportions.


Milton.

2. Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; as, a frugal fortune.
"Frugal fare." Dryden.

Fru*gal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Frugalities (#). [L. frugalitas: cf. F.
frugalitÈ.] 1. The quality of being frugal; prudent economy; that
careful management of anything valuable which expends nothing
unnecessarily, and applies what is used to a profitable purpose;
thrift; --- opposed to extravagance.

    Frugality is founded on the principle that all riches have limits.


Burke.

2. A sparing use; sparingness; as, frugality of praise.

Syn. -- Economy; parsimony. See Economy.

Fru"gal*ly (?), adv. Thriftily; prudently.

Fru"gal*ness, n. Quality of being frugal; frugality.

Fru*gif"er*ous (?), a. [L. frugifer; frux, frugis, fruit + ferre to
bear: cf. F. frugifere.] Producing fruit; fruitful; fructiferous. Dr.
H. More.

||Fru*giv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Frugivorous.] (Zoˆl.) The fruit
||bate; a group of the Cheiroptera, comprising the bats which live on
||fruits. See Eruit bat, under Fruit.

Fru*giv"o*rous (?), a. [L. frux, frugis, fruit + vorare to devour.: cf.
F. frugivore.] Feeding on fruit, as birds and other animals. Pennant.

Fruit (?), n. [OE. fruit, frut, F. fruit, from L. fructus enjoyment,
product, fruit, from frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy; akin to E. brook,
v. t. See Brook, v. t., and cf. Fructify, Frugal.] 1. Whatever is
produced for the nourishment or enjoyment of man or animals by the
processes of vegetable growth, as corn, grass, cotton, flax, etc.; --
commonly used in the plural.

    Six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits
    thereof.


Ex. xxiii. 10.

2. (Hort.) The pulpy, edible seed vessels of certain plants, especially
those grown on branches above ground, as apples, oranges, grapes,
melons, berries, etc. See 3.

3. (Bot.) The ripened ovary of a flowering plant, with its contents and
whatever parts are consolidated with it.

Fruits are classified as fleshy, drupaceous, and dry. Fleshy fruits
include berries, gourds, and melons, orangelike fruits and pomes;
drupaceous fruits are stony within and fleshy without, as peaches,
plums, and cherries; and dry fruits are further divided into achenes,
follicles, legumes, capsules, nuts, and several other kinds. [1913
Webster]

4. (Bot.) The spore cases or conceptacles of flowerless plants, as of
ferns, mosses, algae, etc., with the spores contained in them.

6. The produce of animals; offspring; young; as, the fruit of the womb,
of the loins, of the body.

    King Edward's fruit, true heir to the English crown.


Shak.

6. That which is produced; the effect or consequence of any action;
advantageous or desirable product or result; disadvantageous or evil
consequence or effect; as, the fruits of labor, of self-denial, of
intemperance.

    The fruit of rashness.


Shak.

    What I obtained was the fruit of no bargain.


Burke.

    They shall eat the fruit of their doings.


Is. iii 10.

    The fruits of this education became visible.


Macaulay.

Fruit is frequently used adjectively, signifying of, for, or pertaining
to a fruit or fruits; as, fruit bud; fruit frame; fruit jar; fruit
knife; fruit loft; fruit show; fruit stall; fruit tree; etc.

Fruit bat (Zoˆl.), one of the Frugivora; -- called also fruit-eating
bat. -- Fruit bud (Bot.), a bud that produces fruit; -- in most oplants
the same as the power bud. Fruit dot (Bot.), a collection of fruit
cases, as in ferns. See Sorus. -- Fruit fly (Zoˆl.), a small dipterous
insect of the genus Drosophila, which lives in fruit, in the larval
state. -- Fruit jar, a jar for holding preserved fruit, usually made of
glass or earthenware. -- Fruit pigeon (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species
of pigeons of the family CarpophagidÊ, inhabiting India, Australia, and
the Pacific Islands. They feed largely upon fruit. and are noted for
their beautiful colors. -- Fruit sugar (Chem.), a kind of sugar
occurring, naturally formed, in many ripe fruits, and in honey;
levulose. The name is also, though rarely, applied to invert sugar, or
to the natural mixture or dextrose and levulose resembling it, and
found in fruits and honey. -- Fruit tree (Hort.), a tree cultivated for
its edible fruit. -- Fruit worm (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of
insect larvÊ: which live in the interior of fruit. They are mostly
small species of Lepidoptera and Diptera. -- Small fruits (Hort.),
currants, raspberries, strawberries, etc.

Fruit (?), v. i. To bear fruit. Chesterfield.

Fruit"age (?), n. [F. fruitage.] 1. Fruit, collectively; fruit, in
general; fruitery.

    The trees . . . ambrosial fruitage bear.


Milton.

2. Product or result of any action; effect, good or ill.

Fruit"er (?), a. A ship for carrying fruit.

Fruit"er*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fruitier.] One who deals in fruit; a seller
of fruits.

Fruit"er*ess, n. A woman who sells fruit.

Fruit"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fruiteries (#). [F. fruiterie place where fruit
is kept, in OF. also, fruitage.]

1. Fruit, taken collectively; fruitage. J. Philips.

2. A repository for fruit. Johnson.

Fruit"es*tere (?), n. A fruiteress. [Obs.]

Fruit"ful (?), a. Full of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing
results; prolific; fertile; liberal; bountiful; as, a fruitful tree, or
season, or soil; a fruitful wife. -- Fruit"ful*ly, adv. --
Fruit"ful*ness, n.

    Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth.


Gen. i. 28.

    [Nature] By disburdening grows More fruitful.


Milton.

    The great fruitfulness of the poet's fancy.


Addison.

Syn. -- Fertile; prolific; productive; fecund; plentiful; rich;
abundant; plenteous. See Fertile.

Fruit"ing, a. Pertaining to, or producing, fruit.

Fruit"ing, n. The bearing of fruit.

Fru*i"tion (?), n. [OF. fruition, L. fruitio, enjoyment, fr. L. frui,
p. p. fruitus, to use or enjoy. See Fruit, n.] Use or possession of
anything, especially such as is accompanied with pleasure or
satisfaction; pleasure derived from possession or use. "Capacity of
fruition." Rogers. "Godlike fruition." Milton.

    Where I may have fruition of her love.


Shak.

Fru"i*tive (?), a. [See Fruition.] Enjoying; possessing. [Obs.] Boyle.

Fruit"less (?), a. 1. Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute
of offspring; as, a fruitless tree or shrub; a fruitless marriage.
Shak.

2. Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain; idle; useless;
unprofitable; as, a fruitless attempt; a fruitless controversy.

    They in mutual accusation spent The fruitless hours.


Milton.

Syn. -- Useless; barren; unprofitable; abortive; ineffectual; vain;
idle; profitless. See Useless.

-- Fruit"less*ly, adv. -- Fruit"lness*ness, n.

Fruit'y (?), a. Having the odor, taste, or appearance of fruit; also,
fruitful. Dickens.

Fru"men*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. frumentaceus, fr. frumentum corn or grain,
from the root of frux fruit: cf. F. frumentacÈ. See Frugal.] Made of,
or resembling, wheat or other grain.

Fru`men*ta"ri*ous (?), a. [L. frumentarius.] Of or pertaining to wheat
or grain. [R.] Coles.

Fru`men*ta"tion (?), n. [L. frumentatio.] (Rom. Antiq.) A largess of
grain bestowed upon the people, to quiet them when uneasy.

Fru"men*ty (?), n. [OF. fromentÈe, fr. L. frumentum. See
Frumentaceous.] Food made of hulled wheat boiled in milk, with sugar,
plums, etc. [Written also furmenty and furmity.] Halliwell.

Frump (?), v. t. [Cf. Prov. E. frumple to wrinkle, ruffle, D.
frommelen.] To insult; to flout; to mock; to snub. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Frump, n. 1. A contemptuous speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or
flout. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old woman; a gossip.
[Colloq.] Halliwell.

Frump"er (?), n. A mocker. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Frump"ish, a. 1. Cross-tempered; scornful. [Obs.]

2. Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress.

    Our Bell . . . looked very frumpish.


Foote.

Frush (?), v. t. [F. froisser to bruise. Cf. Froise.] To batter; to
break in pieces. [Obs.]

    I like thine armor well; I'll frush it and unlock the rivets all.


Shak.

Frush, a. Easily broken; brittle; crisp.

Frush, n. Noise; clatter; crash. [R.] Southey.

Frush, n. [Cf. OE. frosch, frosk, a frog (the animal), G. frosch frog
(the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See Frog, n., 2.] 1.
(Far.) The frog of a horse's foot.

2. A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from the frog of a horse's
foot; -- also caled thrush.

Frus"tra*ble (?), a. [L. frustrabilis: cf. F. frustable.] Capable of
beeing frustrated or defeated.

Frus*tra"ne*ous (?), a. [See Frustrate, a.] Vain; useless;
unprofitable. [Obs.] South.

Frus"trate (?), a. [L. frustratus, p. p. of frustrare, frustrari, to
deceive, frustrate, fr. frustra in vain, witout effect, in erorr, prob.
for frudtra and akin to fraus, E. fraud.] Vain; ineffectual; useless;
unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect. "Our frustrate
search." Shak.

Frus"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frustrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Frustrating.] 1. To bring to nothing; to prevent from attaining a
purpose; to disappoint; to defeat; to baffle; as, to frustrate a plan,
design, or attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose.

    Shall the adversary thus obtain His end and frustrate thine ?


Milton.

2. To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or of no effect; as, to
frustrate a conveyance or deed.

Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.

Frus"trate*ly (?), adv. In vain. [Obs.] Vicars.

Frus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. frustratio: cf. OF. frustration.] The act of
frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as, the frustration of one's
designs

Frus"tra*tive (?), a. Tending to defeat; fallacious. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Frus"tra*to*ry (?), a. [L. frustratorius: cf. F. frustratoire.] Making
void; rendering null; as, a frustratory appeal. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Frus"tule (?), n. [L. frustulum, dim. fr. frustum a piece: cf. F.
frustule.] (Bot.) The siliceous shell of a diatom. It is composed of
two valves, one overlapping the other, like a pill box and its cover.

Frus"tu*lent (?), a. [L. frustulentus. See Frustule.] Abounding in
fragments. [R.]

||Frus"tum (?), n.; pl. L. Frusta (#), E. Frustums (#). [L. fruslum
||piece, bit.]

1. (Geom.) The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off
the, top; or the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, etc.,
between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each
other.

2. (Arch.) One of the drums of the shaft of a column.

Frut"age (?), n. [Cf. Fruitage.] 1. A picture of fruit; decoration by
representation of fruit.

    The cornices consist of frutages and festoons.


Evelyn.

2. A confection of fruit. [Obs.] Nares.

Fru*tes"cent (?), a. [L. frutex, fruticis, shrub, bush: cf. F.
frutescent, L. fruticescens, p. pr.] (Bot.) Somewhat shrubby in
character; imperfectly shrubby, as the American species of Wistaria.

||Fru"tex (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A plant having a woody, durable stem, but
||less than a tree; a shrub.

Fru"ti*cant (?), a. [L. fruticans, p. pr. of fruticare, to become
bushy, fr. frutex, fruticis, shrub.] Full of shoots. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Fru"ti*cose` (?), a. [L. fruticosus, from frutex, fruticis, shrub]
(Bot.) Pertaining to a shrub or shrubs; branching like a shrub;
shrubby; shrublike; as, a fruticose stem. Gray.

Fru"ti*cous (?), a. (Bot.) Fruticose. [R.]

Fru*tic"u*lose` (?), a. [Dim. fr. L. fruticosus bushy: cf. F.
fruticuleux.] (Bot.) Like, or pertaining to, a small shrub. Gray.

Fry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frying.] [OE.
frien, F. frire, fr. L. frigere to roast, parch, fry, cf. Gr. &?;, Skr.
bhrajj. Cf. Fritter.] To cook in a pan or on a griddle (esp. with the
use of fat, butter, or olive oil) by heating over a fire; to cook in
boiling lard or fat; as, to fry fish; to fry doughnuts.

Fry, v. i. 1. To undergo the process of frying; to be subject to the
action of heat in a frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot
fat.

2. To simmer; to boil. [Obs.]

    With crackling flames a caldron fries.


Dryden

    The frothy billows fry.


Spenser.

3. To undergo or cause a disturbing action accompanied with a sensation
of heat.

    To keep the oil from frying in the stomach.


Bacon.

4. To be agitated; to be greatly moved. [Obs.]

    What kindling motions in their breasts do fry.


Fairfax.

Fry, n. 1. A dish of anything fried.

2. A state of excitement; as, to be in a fry. [Colloq.]

Fry, n. [OE. fri, fry, seed, descendants, cf. OF. froye spawning, spawn
of. fishes, little fishes, fr. L. fricare tosub (see Friction), but cf.
also Icel. frÊ, frj, seed, Sw. & Dan. frˆ, Goth. fraiw seed,
descendants.]

1. (Zoˆl.) The young of any fish.

2. A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes; young or small things
in general.

    The fry of children young.


Spenser.

    To sever . . . the good fish from the other fry.


Milton.

    We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small fry.


Walpole.

Fry"ing, n. The process denoted by the verb fry.

Frying pan, an iron pan with a long handle, used for frying meat,
vegetables, etc.

Fu"age (?), n. Same as Fumage.

Fu"ar (?), n. Same as Feuar.

Fub (?), Fubs (&?;), n. [Cf. Fob a pocket.] A plump young person or
child. [Obs.] Smart.

Fub, v. t. [The same word as fob to cheat.] To put off by trickery; to
cheat. [Obs.]

    I have been fubbed off, and fubbed off, and fabbed off, from this
    day to that day.


Shak.

Fub"ber*y (?), n. Cheating; deception. Marston.

{ Fub"by (?), Fub"sy (?) } a. Plump; chubby; short and stuffy; as a
fubsy sofa. [Eng.]

    A fubsy, good-humored, silly . . . old maid.


Mme. D'Arblay.

{ Fu"cate (?), Fu"ca*ted (?) } a. [L. fucatus, p. p. of fucare to
color, paint, fr. fucus.] Painted; disguised with paint, or with false
show.

||Fuchs (?), n. [G., prop., a fox.] (German Univ.) A student of the
||first year.

Fuch"si*a (?), n.; pl. E. Fuchsias (#), L. FuchsiÊ (#). [NL. Named
after Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of flowering
plants having elegant drooping flowers, with four sepals, four petals,
eight stamens, and a single pistil. They are natives of Mexico and
South America. Double- flowered varieties are now common in
cultivation.

<! p. 601 !>

Fuch"sine (?), n. [Named by the French inventor, from Fuchs a fox, the
German equivalent of his own name, Renard.] (Chem.) Aniline red; an
artificial coal-tar dyestuff, of a metallic green color superficially,
resembling cantharides, but when dissolved forming a brilliant dark
red. It consists of a hydrochloride or acetate of rosaniline. See
Rosaniline.

Fu*civ"o*rous (?), a. [Fucus + L. vorare to eat.] (Zoˆl.) Eating fucus
or other seaweeds.

Fu"coid (?), a. [Fucus + - oid.] (Bot.) (a) Properly, belonging to an
order of alga: (FucoideÊ) which are blackish in color, and produce
oˆspores which are not fertilized until they have escaped from the
conceptacle. The common rockweeds and the gulfweed (Sargassum) are
fucoid in character. (b) In a vague sense, resembling seaweeds, or of
the nature of seaweeds.

Fu"coid, n. (Bot.) A plant, whether recent or fossil, which resembles a
seaweed. See Fucoid, a.

Fu*coid"al (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Fucoid.

2. (Geol.) Containing impressions of fossil fucoids or seaweeds; as,
fucoidal sandstone.

Fu"cus (?), n.; pl. Fuci (#). [L. rock lichen, orchil, used as a red
dye, red or purple color, disguise, deceit.] 1. A paint; a dye; also,
false show. [Obs.]

2. (Bot.) A genus of tough, leathery seaweeds, usually of a dull
brownish green color; rockweed.

Formerly most marine algÊ were called fuci.

Fu"cu*sol (?), n. [Fucus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) An oily liquid,
resembling, and possibly identical with, furfurol, and obtained from
fucus, and other seaweeds.

Fud (?), n. [Of uncertain origin.] 1. The tail of a hare, coney, etc.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

2. Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and shoddy.

Fud"der (?), n. See Fodder, a weight.

Fud"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p., Fuddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fuddling
(?).] [Perh. formed as a kind of dim. of full. Cf. Fuzzle.] To make
foolish by drink; to cause to become intoxicated. [Colloq.]

    I am too fuddled to take care to observe your orders.


Steele.

Fud"dle, v. i. To drink to excess. [Colloq.]

Fud"dler (?), n. A drunkard. [Colloq.] Baxter.

Fudge (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F. fuche, feuche, an interj. of contempt.] A
made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug; -- often an exclamation of
contempt.

Fudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fudged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fudging.] 1. To
make up; to devise; to contrive; to fabricate; as, he never did the
experiment, and merely fudged the data.

    Fudged up into such a smirkish liveliness.


N. Fairfax.

2. To foist; to interpolate.

    That last "suppose" is fudged in.


Foote.

Fudge" wheel" (?). (Shoemaking) A tool for ornamenting the edge of a
sole.

Fu*e"gi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Terra del Fuego. -- n. A native
of Terra del Fuego.

Fu"el (?), n. [OF. fouail, fuail, or fouaille, fuaille, LL. focalium,
focale, fr. L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See Focus.]
[Formerly written also fewel.] 1. Any matter used to produce heat by
burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used for fires, as
wood, coal, peat, etc.

2. Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement.

Artificial fuel, fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust,
sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.

Fu"el, v. t. 1. To feed with fuel. [Obs.]

    Never, alas I the dreadful name, That fuels the infernal flame.


Cowley.

2. To store or furnish with fuel or firing. [Obs.]

    Well watered and well fueled.


Sir H. Wotton.

Fu"el*er (?), n. One who, or that which, supplies fuel. [R.] [Written
also fueller.] Donne.

||Fu*e"ro (?), n. [Sp., fr. L. forum.] (Sp. Law) (a) A code; a charter;
||a grant of privileges. (b) A custom having the force of law. (c) A
||declaration by a magistrate. (d) A place where justice is
||administered. (e) The jurisdiction of a tribunal. Burrill.

Fuff (?), v. t. & i. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Puff.] To puff. [Prov.
Eng. A Local, U. S.] Halliwel.

Fuff"y, a. Light; puffy. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]

||Fu"ga (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A fugue.

Fu*ga"cious (?), a. [L. fugax, fugacis, from fugere: cf. F. fugace. See
Fugitive.] 1. Flying, or disposed to fly; fleeing away; lasting but a
short time; volatile.

    Much of its possessions is so hid, so fugacious, and of so
    uncertain purchase.


Jer. Taylor.

2. (Biol.) Fleeting; lasting but a short time; -- applied particularly
to organs or parts which are short-lived as compared with the life of
the individual.

Fu*ga"cious*ness, n. Fugacity. [Obs.]

Fu*gac"i*ty (?), a. [L fugacitas: cf. F. fugacitÈ.] 1. The quality of
being fugacious; fugaclousness; volatility; as, fugacity of spirits.
Boyle.

2. Uncertainty; instability. Johnson.

Fu"ga*cy (?), n. Banishment. [Obs.] Milton.

||Fu*ga"to (?), a. (Mus.) in the gugue style, but not strictly like a
||fugue. -- n. A composition resembling a fugue.

Fugh (?), interj. An exclamation of disgust; foh; faugh. Dryden.

||Fu*ghet"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) a short, condensed fugue. Grove.

Fu"gi*tive (?), a. [OE. fugitif, F. fugitif, fr. L. fugitivus, fr.
fugere to flee. See Bow to bend, and cf. Feverfew.] 1. Fleeing from
pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping, from service, duty etc.;
as, a fugitive solder; a fugitive slave; a fugitive debtor.

    The fugitive Parthians follow.


Shak.

    Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself while her parents are in
    tear?


Richardson

    A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician.


Sir H. Wotton.

2. Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away; volatile;
uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; -- applied to material and
immaterial things; as, fugitive colors; a fugitive idea.

    The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of
    vegatables.


Woodward.

Fugitive compositions, Such as are short and occasional, and so
published that they quickly escape notice.

Syn. -- Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile; fugacious;
fleeing; evanescent.

Fu"gi*tive (?), n. 1. One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint,
service, duty, etc.; a deserter; as, a fugitive from justice.

2. Something hard to be caught or detained.

    Or Catch that airy fugitive called wit.


Harte.

Fugitive from justice (Law), one who, having committed a crime in one
jurisdiction, flees or escapes into another to avoid punishment.

Fu"gi*tive*ly, adv. In a fugitive manner.

Fu"gi*tive*ness, n. The quality or condition of being fugitive;
evanescence; volatility; fugacity; instability.

Fu"gle (?), v. i. To maneuver; to move hither and thither. [Colloq.]

    Wooden arms with elbow joints jerking and fugling in the air.


Carlyle.

Fu"gle*man (?), n.; pl. Fuglemen (#). [G. fl¸gelmann file leader;
fl¸gel wing (akin to E. fly) + mann man. Cf. Flugrelman.] 1. (Mil.) A
soldier especially expert and well drilled, who takes his place in
front of a military company, as a guide for the others in their
exercises; a file leader. He originally stood in front of the right
wing. [Written also flugelman.]

2. Hence, one who leads the way. [Jocose]

Fugue (?), n. [F., fr. It. fuga, fr. L. fuga a fleeing, flight, akin to
fugere to fiee. See Fugitive.] (Mus.) A polyphonic composition,
developed from a given theme or themes, according to strict
contrapuntal rules. The theme is first given out by one voice or part,
and then, while that pursues its way, it is repeated by another at the
interval of a fifth or fourth, and so on, until all the parts have
answered one by one, continuing their several melodies and interweaving
them in one complex progressive whole, in which the theme is often lost
and reappears.

    All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like the
    parts of a fugue.


Jer. Taylor.

Fu"guist (?), n. (Mus.) A musician who composes or performs fugues.
Busby.

-ful (?). [See Full, a.] A suffix signifying full of, abounding with;
as, boastful, harmful, woeful.

Fu"lahs`, Foo"lahs` (&?;), n. pl.; sing. Fulah, Foolah (&?;). (Ethnol.)
A peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from the
negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western Soudan. Their
color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are Mohammedans. Called also
Fellatahs, Foulahs, and Fellani. Fulah is also used adjectively; as,
Fulah empire, tribes, language.

Ful"be (?), n. (Ethnol.) Same as Fulahs.

Ful"ci*ble (?), a. [L. fulcire to prop.] Capable of being propped up.
[Obs.] Cockeram.

Ful"ci*ment (?), n. [L. fulcimentum, fr. fulcire to prop.] A prop; a
fulcrum. [Obs.] Bp. Wilkins.

Ful"cra (?), n. pl. See Fulcrum.

Ful"crate (?), a. [See Fulcrum.] 1. (Bot.) Propped; supported by
accessory organs. [R.] Gray.

2. Furnished with fulcrums.

Ful"crum (?), n.; pl. L. Fulcra (#), E. Fulcrums (#). [L., bedpost, fr.
fulcire to prop.]

1. A prop or support.

2. (Mech.) That by which a lever is sustained, or about which it turns
in lifting or moving a body.

3. (Bot.) An accessory organ such as a tendril, stipule, spine, and the
like. [R.] Gray.

4. (Zoˆl.) (a) The horny inferior surface of the lingua of certain
insects. (b) One of the small, spiniform scales found on the front edge
of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid fishes.

5. (Anat.) The connective tissue supporting the framework of the retina
of the eye.

Ful*fill" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulfilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fulfilling.] [OE. fulfillen, fulfullen, AS. fulfyllan; ful full +
fyllan to fill. See Full, a., and Fill, v. t.] [Written also fulfil.]
1. To fill up; to make full or complete. [>Obs.] "Fulfill her week"
Gen. xxix. 27.

    Suffer thou that the children be fulfilled first, for it is not
    good to take the bread of children and give to hounds.


Wyclif (Mark vii. 27).

2. To accomplish or carry into effect, as an intention, promise, or
prophecy, a desire, prayer, or requirement, etc.; to complete by
performance; to answer the requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a
purpose or design; to effectuate.

    He will, fulfill the desire of them fear him.


Ps. cxlv. 199.

    Here Nature seems fulfilled in all her ends.


Milton.

    Servants must their masters' minds fulfill.


Shak.

Ful*fill"er (?), n. One who fulfills. South.

Ful*fill"ment (?), n. [Written also fulfilment.]

1. The act of fulfilling; accomplishment; completion; as, the
fulfillment of prophecy.

2. Execution; performance; as, the fulfillment of a promise.

Fulgen*cy (?), n. [See fulgent.] Brightness; splendor; glitter;
effulgence. Bailey.

Ful"gent (?), a. [L. fulgens, -entis, p. pr. of fulgere to flash,
glitter, shine, akin to Gr. &?; to burn. See Phlox, Flagrant.]
Exquisitely bright; shining; dazzling; effulgent.

    Other Thracians . . . fulgent morions wore.


Glower.

Ful"gent*ly, adv. Dazzlingly; glitteringly.

Ful"gid (?), a. [L. fulgidus. See Fulgent.] Shining; glittering;
dazzling. [R.] Pope.

Ful*gid"i*ty (?), n. Splendor; resplendence; effulgence. [R.] Bailey.

Ful"gor (?), n. [L. fulgor, fr. fulgere to shine.] Dazzling brightness;
splendor. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Ful"gu*rant (?) a. [L. fulgurans, p. pr. of fulgurare.] Lightening.
[R.] Dr. H. More.

||Ful"gu*ra"ta (?), n. [NL.] (Electricity) A spectro-electric tube in
||which the decomposition of a liquid by the passage of an electric
||spark is observed. Knight.

Ful"gu*rate (?), v. i. [L. fulguratus, p. p. of fulgurare to flash, fr.
fulgur lightning, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent.] To flash as
lightning. [R.]

Ful"gu*ra`ting (?), a. (Med.) Resembling lightning; -- used to describe
intense lancinating pains accompanying locomotor ataxy.

Ful"gu*ra`tion (?), n. [L. fulguratio: cf. F. fulguration.] 1. The act
of lightening. [R.] Donne.

2. (Assaying) The sudden brightening of a fused globule of gold or
silver, when the last film of the oxide of lead or copper leaves its
surface; -- also called blick.

    A phenomenon called, by the old chemists, fulguration.


Ure.

Ful"gu*rite (?), n. [L. fulguritus, p. p. of fulgurire to strike with
lightning, fr. fulgur lightning: cf. F. fulgurite.] A vitrified sand
tube produced by the striking of lightning on sand; a lightning tube;
also, the portion of rock surface fused by a lightning discharge.

Ful"gu*ry (?), n. [L. fulgur.] Lightning. [Obs.]

Ful"ham (?), n. [So named because supposed to have been chiefly made at
Fulham, in Middlesex, Eng.] A false die. [Cant] [Written also fullam.]
Shak.

Fu*lig"i*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fuliginositÈ.] The condition or
quality of being fuliginous; sootiness; matter deposited by smoke. [R.]

Fu*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L. fuliginosus, from fuligo soot: cf. F.
fuligineux. See Fume.] 1. Pertaining to soot; sooty; dark; dusky.

2. Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke.

Fu*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. In a smoky manner.

Fu"li*mart (?), n. Same as Foumart.

Full (fl), a. [Compar. Fuller (-r); superl. Fullest.] [OE. & AS. ful;
akin to OS. ful, D. vol, OHG. fol, G. voll, Icel. fullr, Sw. full, Dan.
fuld, Goth. fulls, L. plenus, Gr. plh`rhs, Skr. pna full, pr to fill,
also to Gr. poly`s much, E. poly-, pref., G. viel, AS. fela. &radic;80.
Cf. Complete, Fill, Plenary, Plenty.] 1. Filled up, having within its
limits all that it can contain; supplied; not empty or vacant; -- said
primarily of hollow vessels, and hence of anything else; as, a cup full
of water; a house full of people.

    Had the throne been full, their meeting would not have been
    regular.


Blackstone.

2. Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in quantity, quality,
or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; as, a full meal; a full
supply; a full voice; a full compensation; a house full of furniture.

3. Not wanting in any essential quality; complete; entire; perfect;
adequate; as, a full narrative; a person of full age; a full stop; a
full face; the full moon.

    It came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh
    dreamed.


Gen. xii. 1.

    The man commands Like a full soldier.


Shak.

    I can not Request a fuller satisfaction Than you have freely
    granted.


Ford.

4. Sated; surfeited.

    I am full of the burnt offerings of rams.


Is. i. 11.

5. Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with knowledge; stored
with information.

    Reading maketh a full man.


Bacon.

6. Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed in any matter, and
the feelings more or less excited by it, as, to be full of some
project.

    Every one is full of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and
    weak constitutions.


Locke.

7. Filled with emotions.

    The heart is so full that a drop overfills it.


Lowell.

8. Impregnated; made pregnant. [Obs.]

    Ilia, the fair, . . . full of Mars.


Dryden.

At full, when full or complete. Shak. -- Full age (Law) the age at
which one attains full personal rights; majority; -- in England and the
United States the age of 21 years. Abbott. -- Full and by (Naut.),
sailing closehauled, having all the sails full, and lying as near the
wind as poesible. -- Full band (Mus.), a band in which all the
instruments are employed. -- Full binding, the binding of a book when
made wholly of leather, as distinguished from half binding. -- Full
bottom, a kind of wig full and large at the bottom. -- Full brother or
sister, a brother or sister having the same parents as another. -- Full
cry (Hunting), eager chase; -- said of hounds that have caught the
scent, and give tongue together. -- Full dress, the dress prescribed by
authority or by etiquette to be worn on occasions of ceremony. -- Full
hand (Poker), three of a kind and a pair. -- Full moon. (a) The moon
with its whole disk illuminated, as when opposite to the sun. (b) The
time when the moon is full. -- Full organ (Mus.), the organ when all or
most stops are out. -- Full score (Mus.), a score in which all the
parts for voices and instruments are given. -- Full sea, high water. --
Full swing, free course; unrestrained liberty; "Leaving corrupt nature
to . . . the full swing and freedom of its own extravagant actings."
South (Colloq.) -- In full, at length; uncontracted; unabridged;
written out in words, and not indicated by figures. -- In full blast.
See under Blast.

<! p. 602 !>

Full (?), n. Complete measure; utmost extent; the highest state or
degree.

    The swan's-down feather, That stands upon the swell at full of
    tide.


Shak.

Full of the moon, the time of full moon.

Full, adv. Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution;
with the whole force or effect; thoroughly; completely; exactly;
entirely.

    The pawn I proffer shall be full as good.


Dryden.

    The diapason closing full in man.


Dryden.

    Full in the center of the sacred wood.


Addison.

Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen
their signification. "Full sad." Milton. "Master of a full poor cell."
Shak. "Full many a gem of purest ray serene." T. Gray.

Full is also prefixed to participles to express utmost extent or
degree; as, full-bloomed, full-blown, full-crammed full-grown,
full-laden, full-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part, are
self-defining.

Full, v. i. To become full or wholly illuminated; as, the moon fulls at
midnight.

Full, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fulling.] [OE.
fullen, OF. fuler, fouler, F. fouler, LL. fullare, fr. L. fullo fuller,
cloth fuller, cf. Gr. &?; shining, white, AS. fullian to whiten as a
fuller, to baptize, fullere a fuller. Cf. Defile to foul, Foil to
frustrate, Fuller. n. ] To thicken by moistening, heating, and
pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make compact; to scour, cleanse, and
thicken in a mill.

Full, v. i. To become fulled or thickened; as, this material fulls
well.

Full"age (?), n. The money or price paid for fulling or cleansing
cloth. Johnson.

Ful"lam (?), n. A false die. See Fulham.

Full"-blood`ed (?), a. 1. Having a full supply of blood.

2. Of pure blood; thoroughbred; as, a full-blooded horse.

Full"-bloomed` (?), a. Like a perfect blossom. "Full-bloomed lips."
Crashaw.

Full"-blown` (?), a. 1. Fully expanded, as a blossom; as, a full-bloun
rose. Denham.

2. Fully distended with wind, as a sail. Dryden.

Full"-bot"tomed (?), a. 1. Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn
by certain civil officers in Great Britain.

2. (Naut.) Of great capacity below the water line.

Full"-butt" (?), adv. With direct and violent opposition; with sudden
collision. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.

Full`-drive" (?), adv. With full speed. [Colloq.]

Full"er (?), n. [AS. fullere, fr. L. fullo. See Full, v. t.] One whose
occupation is to full cloth.

Fuller's earth, a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing
cloth, to imbibe grease. -- Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort
(Saponaria officinalis), formerly used to remove stains from cloth. --
Fuller's thistle or weed (Bot.), the teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) whose
burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See Teasel.

Full"er, n. [From Full, a.] (Blacksmith's Work) A die; a half- round
set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; -- called also
a creaser.

Full"er, v. t. To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set
hammer; as, to fuller a bayonet.

Full"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fulleries (&?;). The place or the works where
the fulling of cloth is carried on.

Full"-formed` (?), a. Full in form or shape; rounded out with flesh.

    The full-formed maids of Afric.


Thomson.

Full"-grown` (?), a. Having reached the limits of growth; mature.
"Full-grown wings." Lowell.

Full"-heart`ed (?), a. Full of courage or confidence. Shak.

Full"-hot` (?), a. Very fiery. Shak.

Full"ing, n. The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth
by moisture, heat, and pressure.

Fulling mill, a mill for fulling cloth as by means of pesties or
stampers, which alternately fall into and rise from troughs where the
cloth is placed with hot water and fuller's earth, or other cleansing
materials.

Full"-manned` (?), a. Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.

Full"mart" (?), n. See Foumart. B. Jonson.

Full"ness, n. The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance;
completeness. [Written also fulness.]

    "In thy presence is fullness of joy."


Ps. xvi. 11.

Ful*lon"i*cal (?), a. [L. fullonicus, from fullo a cloth fuller.]
Pertaining to a fuller of cloth. [Obs.] Blount.

Full"-orbed` (&?;), a. Having the orb or disk complete or fully
illuminated; like the full moon.

Full"-sailed` (?), a. Having all its sails set,; hence, without
restriction or reservation. Massinger.

Full"-winged` (?), a. 1. Having large and strong or complete wings.
Shak.

2. Ready for flight; eager. [Archaic] Beau. & Fl.

Ful"ly (?), adv. In a full manner or degree; completely; entirely;
without lack or defect; adequately; satisfactorily; as, to be fully
persuaded of the truth of a proposition.

Fully committed (Law), committed to prison for trial, in distinction
from being detained for examination.

Syn. -- Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifully; abundantly;
plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently; clearly;
distinctly; perfectly.

Ful"mar (flm‰r), n. [Icel. flmr. See foul, and Man a gull.] (Zoˆl.) One
of several species of sea birds, of the family ProcellariidÊ, allied to
the albatrosses and petrels. Among the well-known species are the
arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) (called also fulmar petrel, malduck,
and mollemock), and the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea).

Ful"mi*nant (?), a. [L. fulminans, p. pr. of fulminare to lighten: cf.
F. fulminant.] Thundering; fulminating. [R.] Bailey.

Ful"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fulminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fulminating.] [L. fulminatus, p. p. of fulminare to lighten, strike
with lightning, fr. fulmen thunderbolt, fr. fulgere to shine. See
Fulgent, and cf. Fulmine.] 1. To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden
noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.

2. To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of
supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.

Ful"mi*nate, v. t. 1. To cause to explode. Sprat.

2. To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said
especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority.

    They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees.


De Quincey.

Ful"mi*nate (?), n. [Cf. P. fulminate. See Fulminate, v. i.] (Chem.)
(a) A salt of fulminic acid. See under Fulminic. (b) A fulminating
powder.

Fulminate of gold, an explosive compound of gold; -- called also
fulminating gold, and aurum fulminans.

Ful"mi*na"ting (?), a. 1. Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden
or violent manner.

2. Hurling denunciations, menaces, or censures.

Fulminating oil, nitroglycerin. -- Fulminating powder (Chem.) any
violently explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as
mercuric fulminate.

Ful"mi*na`tion (?), n. [L. fulminatio a darting of lightning: cf. F.
fulmination.] 1. The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation.

2. The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with authority.

3. That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or
censure.

    The fulminations from the Vatican were turned into ridicule.


Ayliffe.

Ful"mi*na*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. fulminatoire.] Thundering; striking
terror. Cotgrave.

Ful"mine (?), v. i. [F. fulminer. See Fulminate, v.] To thunder. [Obs.]
Spenser. Milton.

Ful"mine, v. t. To shoot; to dart like lightning; to fulminate; to
utter with authority or vehemence.

    She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique.


Tennyson.

Ful*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. fulmen thunder.] Of, or concerning thunder.

Ful*min"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. fulminique.] Pertaining to fulmination;
detonating; specifically (Chem.), pertaining to, derived from, or
denoting, an acid, so called; as, fulminic acid.

Fulminic acid (Chem.), a complex acid, H2C2N2O2, isomeric with cyanic
and cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a
large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these,
mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used, mixed with niter, to fill
percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. Fulminic acid is made by the
action of nitric acid on alcohol.

Ful"mi*nu"ric (?), a. [Fulminic + cyanuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to
fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an acid so called.

Fulminuric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, explosive substance,
H3C3N3O3, forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulminates.
It is isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric
acid.

Ful"ness (?), n. See Fullness.

Ful*sam"ic (?), a. [See Fulsome.] Fulsome. [Obs.]

Ful"some (?), a. [Full, a. + -some.] 1. Full; abundant; plenteous; not
shriveled. [Obs.]

    His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew fulsome, fair, and
    fresh.


Golding.

2. Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness;
cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; as,
fulsome flattery.

    And lest the fulsome artifice should fail Themselves will hide its
    coarseness with a veil.


Cowper.

3. Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity. [Obs.]
"Fulsome ewes." Shak.

-- Ful"some*ly, adv. -- Ful"some*ness, n. Dryden.

Ful"vid (?), a. [LL. fulvidus, fr. L. fulvus.] Fulvous. [R.] Dr. H.
More.

Ful"vous (?), a. [L. fulvus.] Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture of
gray and brown. Lindley.

Fum (?), v. i. To play upon a fiddle. [Obs.]

    Follow me, and fum as you go.


B. Jonson.

Fu*ma"cious (?), a. [From Fume.] Smoky; hence, fond of smoking;
addicted to smoking tobacco.

Fu*made" (?), Fu*ma"do (&?;), n.; pl. Fumades (#), Fumadoes (#). [Sp.
fumodo smoked, p. p. of fumar to smoke, fr. L. fumare. See Fume, v. i.]
A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.

Fu"mage (?), n. [OF. fumage, fumaige, fr. L. fumus smoke.] Hearth
money.

    Fumage, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings.


Blackstone.

Fu"ma*rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of fumaric acid.

Fu*mar"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory
(Fumaria officinalis).

Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid, extracted from
fumitory as a white crystallline substance, C2H2(CO2H)2, and produced
artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of malic acid;
boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence
was also called lichenic acid.

Fu"ma*rine (?), n. [L. fumus smoke, fume.] (Chem.) An alkaloid
extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline substance.

Fu"ma*role (?), n. [It. fumaruola, fr. fumo smoke, L. fumus: cf. F.
fumerolle, fumarolle.] A hole or spot in a volcanic or other region,
from which fumes issue.

Fu"ma*to*ry (?), n. See Fumitory. [Obs.]

Fum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fumbling
(?).] [Akin to D. fommelen to crumple, fumble, Sw. fumla to fusuble,
famla to grope, Dan. famle to grope, fumble, Icel. falme, AS. folm palm
of the hand. See Feel, and cf. Fanble, Palm.] 1. To feel or grope
about; to make awkward attempts to do or find something.

    Adams now began to fumble in his pockets.


Fielding.

2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to fumble for
an excuse. Dryden.

    My understanding flutters and my memory fumbles.


Chesterfield.

    Alas! how he fumbles about the domains.


Wordsworth.

3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over.

    I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers.


Shak.

Fum"ble, v. t. To handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble
together. Shak.

Fum"bler (?), n. One who fumbles.

Fum"bling*ly (?), adv. In the manner of one who fumbles.

Fume (fm), n. [L. fumus; akin to Skr. dhma smoke, dh to shake, fan a
flame, cf. Gr. qy`ein to sacrifice, storm, rage, qy`mon, qy`mos, thyme,
and perh. to E. dust: cf. OF. fum smoke, F. fumÈe. Cf. Dust, n.,
Femerell, Thyme.] 1. Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor or
smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; as, the fumes of
tobacco.

    The fumes of new shorn hay.


T. Warton.

    The fumes of undigested wine.


Dryden.

2. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control; as, the
fumes of passion. South.

3. Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or airy; idle conceit; vain
imagination.

    A show of fumes and fancies.


Bacon.

4. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.

    To smother him with fumes and eulogies.


Burton.

In a fume, in ill temper, esp. from impatience.

Fume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fuming.] [Cf. F.
fumer, L. fumare to smoke. See Fume, n.] 1. To smoke; to throw off
fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as vapor.

    Where the golden altar fumed.


Milton.

    Silenus lay, Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain.


Roscommon.

2. To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.

    Keep his brain fuming.


Shak.

3. To pass off in fumes or vapors.

    Their parts are kept from fuming away by their fixity.


Cheyne.

4. To be in a rage; to be hot with anger.

    He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.


Dryden.

    While her mother did fret, and her father did fume.


Sir W. Scott.

To fume away, to give way to excitement and displeasure; to storm;
also, to pass off in fumes.

Fume, v. t. 1. To expose to the action of fumes; to treat with vapors,
smoke, etc.; as, to bleach straw by fuming it with sulphur; to fill
with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room.

    She fumed the temple with an odorous flame.


Dryden.

2. To praise inordinately; to flatter.

    They demi-deify and fume him so.


Cowper.

3. To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of vapor.

    The heat will fume away most of the scent.


Montimer.

    How vicious hearts fume frenzy to the brain!


Young.

Fume"less, a. Free from fumes.

Fum"er (?), n. 1. One that fumes.

2. One who makes or uses perfumes. [Obs.]

    Embroiderers, feather makers, fumers.


Beau. & Fl.

Fu"mer*ell (?), n. (Arch.) See Femerell.

Fu"met (?), n. [Cf. F. fumier dung, OF. femier, fr. L. fimus dung.] The
dung of deer. B. Jonson.

{ Fu"met (?) ||Fu*mette" (?), } n. [F. fumet odor, fume of wine or
meat, fr. L. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.] The stench or high flavor of
game or other meat when kept long. Swift.

Fu"me*tere" (?), n. Fumitory. [Obs.]

Fu"mid (?), a. [L. fumidus, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.] Smoky;
vaporous. Sir T. Broune.

{ Fu*mid"i*ty (?), Fu"mid*ness (?) } n. The state of being fumid;
smokiness.

Fu*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. fumifer; fumus smoke + ferre to bear.]
Producing smoke.

Fu*mif"u*gist (?), n. [L. fumus smoke + fugare to put to flight, fugere
to flee.] One who, or that which, drives away smoke or fumes.

Fu"mi*fy (?), v. t. [Fume + - fy.] To subject to the action of smoke.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Fu"mi*gant (?), a. [L. fumigans, p. pr. of fumigare. See Fumigate.]
Fuming. [R.]

Fu"mi*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fumigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Fumigating (?).] [L. fumigate, p. p. of fumigare to fumigate, fr. fumus
smoke. See Fume, n.] 1. To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor;
to purify, or free from infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.

2. To smoke; to perfume. Dryden.

Fum`iga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fumigation.]

1. The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for
disinfection.

2. Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.

Fu"mi*ga`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, fumigates; an apparattus
for fumigating.

Fu"mi*ga*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. fumigatoire.] Having the quality of
purifying by smoke. [R.]

<! p. 603 !>

Fum"i*ly (?), adv. Smokily; with fume.

Fum"ing, a. Producing fumes, or vapors.

Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.), alkarsin. -- Fuming liquor of Libavius
(Old Chem.), stannic chloride; the chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a
colorless, mobile liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it
solidifies to the so-called butter of tin. -- Fuming sulphuric acid.
(Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid, uder Disulphuric.

Fum"ing*ly, adv. In a fuming manner; angrily. "They answer fumingly."
Hooker.

Fum"ish, a. Smoky; hot; choleric.

Fum"ish*ness, n. Choler; fretfulness; passion.

Fu"mi*ter` (?), n. (Bot.) Fumitory. [Obs.]

Fu"mi*to*ry (?), n. [OE. fumetere, F. fumeterre, prop., smoke of the
ground, fr. L. fumus smoke + terra earth. See Fume, and Terrace.]
(Bot.) The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual
herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small flowers
in dense racemes or spikes. F. officinalis is a common species, and was
formerly used as an antiscorbutic.

Climbing fumitory (Bot.), the Alleghany vine (Adlumia cirrhosa); a
biennial climbing plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters
of pretty white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.

Fum"mel (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A hinny.

Fu*mos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. OF. fumositÈ.] The fumes of drink. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Fum"ous (?), a. [L. fumosus, fr. fumus smoke: cf. F. fumeux.] 1.
Producing smoke; smoky.

2. Producing fumes; full of fumes.

    Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things.


Barough (1625).

Fum"y (?), a. Producing fumes; fumous. "Drowned in fumy wine." H.
Brooke.

Fun (?), n. [Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. fonn pleasure.]
Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. "Oddity, frolic, and fun."
Goldsmith.

To make fun of, to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.

Fu*nam"bu*late (?), v. i. [See Funambulo.] To walk or to dance on a
rope.

Fu*nam"bu*la`tion (?), n. Ropedancing.

Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry (?), a. 1. Performing like a ropedancer. Chambers.

2. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer.

    This funambulatory track.


Sir T. Browne.

Fu*nam"bu*list (?), n. A ropewalker or ropedancer.

{ ||Fu*nam"bu*lo (?), ||Fu*nam"bu*lus (?) } n. [Sp. funambulo, or It.
funambolo, fr. L. funambulus; funis rope (perh. akin to E. bind) +
ambulare to walk. See Amble, and cf. Funambulist.] A ropewalker or
ropedancer. [Obs.] Bacon.

Func"tion (?), n. [L. functio, fr. fungi to perform, execute, akin to
Skr. bhuj to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. fonction. Cf. Defunct.] 1.
The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling;
performance. "In the function of his public calling." Swift.

2. (Physiol.) The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an
animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the
limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the
functions of the various organs and parts of the body.

3. The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the
soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some
determinate kind.

    As the mind opens, and its functions spread.


Pope.

4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer
in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or
profession.

    Tradesmen . . . going about their functions.


Shak.

    The malady which made him incapable of performing his regal
    functions.


Macaulay.

5. (Math.) A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any
alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration
in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other.
Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x
be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such
expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x.

Algebraic function, a quantity whose connection with the variable is
expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given
power, and extracting a given root; -- opposed to transcendental
function. -- Arbitrary function. See under Arbitrary. -- Calculus of
functions. See under Calculus. -- Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics),
a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat,
and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the
mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number
expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned
from its zero of expansion. -- Circular functions. See Inverse
trigonometrical functions (below). -- Continuous function, a quantity
that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the
variable changes between any specified limits. -- Discontinuous
function. See under Discontinuous. -- Elliptic functions, a large and
important class of functions, so called because one of the forms
expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines
connected therewith. -- Explicit function, a quantity directly
expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the
equations y = 6x2, y = 10 - x3, the quantity y is an explicit function
of x. -- Implicit function, a quantity whose relation to the variable
is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation x2 + y2
= 100 is an implicit function of x. -- Inverse trigonometrical
functions, or Circular function, the lengths of arcs relative to the
sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the
length of BD is x) is written sin -1x, and so of the other lines. See
Trigonometrical function (below). Other transcendental functions are
the exponential functions, the elliptic functions, the gamma functions,
the theta functions, etc. -- One- valued function, a quantity that has
one, and only one, value for each value of the variable. --
Transcendental functions, a quantity whose connection with the variable
cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, y in the equation y
= 10x is a transcendental function of x. See Algebraic function
(above). -- Trigonometrical function, a quantity whose relation to the
variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a
circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of
the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let
AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA,
and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then
BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the
tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD
is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the
length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then the lengths of
Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical
functions of x, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x (or tang x), cot x,
sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These quantities are also
considered as functions of the angle BOA.

{ Func"tion (?), Func"tion*ate (?), } v. i. To execute or perform a
function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.

Func"tion*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or
duty; official.

2. (Physiol.) Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the
functions in general.

Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which the symptoms cannot be
referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the
derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external
to itself opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is
affected.

Func"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To assign to some function or office. [R.]

Func"tion*al*ly, adv. In a functional manner; as regards normal or
appropriate activity.

    The organ is said to be functionally disordered.


Lawrence.

Func"tion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Functionaries (#). [Cf. F. fonctionnaire.]
One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public
functionary; secular functionaries.

Func"tion*less, a. Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ.
Darwin.

Fund (?), n. [OF. font, fond, nom. fonz, bottom, ground, F. fond
bottom, foundation, fonds fund, fr. L. fundus bottom, ground,
foundation, piece of land. See Found to establish.] 1. An aggregation
or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for
carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.

2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of
some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit;
that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as,
the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc.

3. pl. The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences
(stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is
paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also public funds.

4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as,
the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of
lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet
the expenses of some permanent object.

5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a
full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense.

    An inexhaustible fund of stories.


Macaulay.

Sinking fund, the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested,
usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a
government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.

Fund, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Funded; p. pr. & vb. n. Funding.] 1. To
provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of
the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a
pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or
principal of; as, to fund government notes.

2. To place in a fund, as money.

3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest;
as, to fund the floating debt.

Fund"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund;
convertible into bonds.

Fun"da*ment (?), n. [OE. fundament, fundement, fondement, OF.
fundement, fondement, F. fondement, fr. L. fundamentum foundation, fr.
fundare to lay the bottom, to found, fr. fundus bottom. See Fund.] 1.
Foundation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; specifically
(Anat.), the anus. Hume.

Fun`da*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. fondamental.] Pertaining to the
foundation or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as
an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary; as, a
fundamental truth; a fundamental axiom.

    The fundamental reasons of this war.


Shak.

    Some fundamental antithesis in nature.


Whewell.

Fundamental bass (Mus.), the root note of a chord; a bass formed of the
roots or fundamental tones of the chords. -- Fundamental chord (Mus.),
a chord, the lowest tone of which is its root. -- Fundamental colors,
red, green, and violet-blue. See Primary colors, under Color.

Fun"da*men`tal, n. A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or
article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part,
as, the fundamentals of the Christian faith.

Fun`da*men"tal*ly, adv. Primarily; originally; essentially; radically;
at the foundation; in origin or constituents. "Fundamentally
defective." Burke.

Fund"ed (?), a. 1. Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular
interest; as, funded debt.

2. Invested in public funds; as, funded money.

Fund"hold"er (?), a. One who has money invested in the public funds. J.
S. Mill.

Fund"ing, a. 1. Providing a fund for the payment of the interest or
principal of a debt.

2. Investing in the public funds.

Funding system, a system or scheme of finance or revenue by which
provision is made for paying the interest or principal of a public
debt.

Fund"less, a. Destitute of funds.

||Fun"dus (fn"ds), n. [L., bottom.] (Anat.) The bottom or base of any
||hollow organ; as, the fundus of the bladder; the fundus of the eye.

Fu*ne"bri*al (f*n"br*al), a. [L. funebris belonging to a funeral, fr.
funus funeral.] Pertaining to a funeral or funerals; funeral; funereal.
[Obs.] [Written also funebral.] Sir T. Browne.

Fu*ne"bri*ous (?), a. Funebrial. [Obs.]

Fu"ner*al (f"nr*al), n. [LL. funeralia, prop. neut. pl. of funeralis of
a funeral, fr. L. funus, funeris, funeral: cf. F. funÈrailles.] 1. The
solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such
disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony
or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; -- formerly used in
the plural.

    King James his funerals were performed very solemnly in the
    collegiate church at Westminster.


Euller.

2. The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and
accompaniments of an interment. "The long funerals." Pope.

3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural. [Obs.]

    Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals.


South.

Fu"ner*al, a. [LL. funeralis. See Funeral, n.] Per. taining to a
funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as, funeral rites, honors,
or ceremonies. Shak.

Funeral pile, a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead
body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a
pyre.

-- Fu"ner*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Fu"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. funeratus, p. p. of funerare to funerate, fr.
funus. See Funeral.] To bury with funeral rites. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Fu`ner*a"tion (?), n. [L. funeratio.] The act of burying with funeral
rites. [Obs.] Knatchbull.

Fu*ne"re*al (?), a. [L. funereus, fr. fentus a funeral.] Suiting a
funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence: Dark; dismal; mournful.
Jer. Taylor.

    What seem to us but sad funereal tapers May be heaven's distant
    lamps.


Longfellow.

-- Fu*ne"re*al*ly, adv.

Fu*nest" (?), a. [L. funestus, fr. funus a funeral, destruction: cf. F.
funeste.] Lamentable; doleful. [R.] "Funest and direful deaths."
Coleridge.

    A forerunner of something very funest.


Evelyn.

Fun"gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to fungi.

Fun"gate (?), n. [Cf. F. fongate.] (Chem.) A salt of fungic acid.
[Formerly written also fungiate.]

Funge (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom, dolt.] A blockhead; a dolt; a fool.
[Obs.] Burton.

Fun"gi (?), n. pl. (Bot.) See Fungus.

||Fun"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fongie.]
||(Zoˆl.) A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so called because they
||are usually flat and circular, with radiating plates, like the gills
||of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen inches in diameter.

Fun"gi*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the FungidÊ, a family of
stony corals. -- n. One of the FungidÊ.

Fun"gi*bles (?), n. pl. [LL. (res) fungibiles, probably fr. L. fungi to
discharge. "A barbarous term, supposed to have originated in the use of
the words functionem recipere in the Digeste." Bouvier. "Called
fungibiles, quia una alterius vice fungitur." John Taylor (1755). Cf.
Function.] 1. (Civ. Law) Things which may be furnished or restored in
kind, as distinguished from specific things; -- called also fungible
things. Burrill.

2. (Scots Law) Movable goods which may be valued by weight or measure,
in contradistinction from those which must be judged of individually.
Jamieson.

Fun"gic (?), a. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fungique, fongique.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, mushrooms; as, fungic acid.

Fun"gi*cide` (?), n. [Fungi + -cide, fr. L. caedere to kill.] Anything
that kills fungi. -- Fun`gi*ci"dal (#), n.

Fun"gi*form (?), a. [Eungus + -form: cf. F. fongiforme.] Shaped like a
fungus or mushroom.

Fungiform papillÊ (Anat.), numerous small, rounded eminences on the
upper surface of the tongue.

Fun*gil"li*form (?), a. Shaped like a small fungus.

Fun"gin (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F, fongine, fungine.] (Chem.)
A name formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and
mushrooms.

Fun"gite (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. pongite.] (Paleon.) A
fossil coral resembling Fungia.

Fun*giv"o*rous (?), a. [L. fungus + vorare to eat greedily: cf. F.
fongivore.] (Zoˆl.) Eating fungi; -- said of certain insects and
snails.

Fun"goid (?), a. [Fungus + - oil: cf. F. fongoÔde.] Like a fungus;
fungous; spongy.

Fun*gol"o*gist (?), n. A mycologist.

Fun*gol"o*gy (?), n. [Fungus + -logy.] Mycology.

Fun*gos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fungositÈ, fongositÈ.] The quality of that
which is fungous; fungous excrescence. Dunglison.

Fun"gous (?), a. [L. fungosus: cf. F. fungueux.] 1. Of the nature of
fungi; spongy.

<! p. 604 !>

2. Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable.

Fun"gus (?), n.; pl. L. Fungi (#), E. Funguses (#). [L., a mushroom;
perh. akin to a doubtful Gr. &?; sponge, for &?;; if so, cf. E.
sponge.] 1. (Bot.) Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group
of thallophytes of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts,
smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.

The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and, therefore, to be
supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live as saprophytes or
parasites. They range in size from single microscopic cells to systems
of entangled threads many feet in extent, which develop reproductive
bodies as large as a man's head. The vegetative system consists of
septate or rarely unseptate filaments called hyphÊ; the aggregation of
hyphÊ into structures of more or less definite form is known as the
mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.

2. (Med.) A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as
the proud flesh of wounds. Hoblyn.

Fu"nic (?), a. (Anat.) Funicular.

Fu"ni*cle (?), n. [L. funiculus, dim. of funis cord, rope: cf. F.
funicule funicle (in sense 2). Cf. Funambulo.] (Bot.) 1. A small cord,
ligature, or fiber.

2. (Bot.) The little stalk that attaches a seed to the placenta.

Fu*nic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. funiculaire.]

1. Consisting of a small cord or fiber.

2. Dependent on the tension of a cord.

3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a
funiculus, or funiculi; as, a funicular ligament.

Funicular action (Mech.), the force or action exerted by a rope in
drawing together the supports to which its ends are Fastened, when
acted upon by forces applied in a direction transverse to the rope, as
in the archer's bow. -- Funicular curve. Same as Catenary. -- Funicular
machine (Mech.), an apparatus for illustrating certain principles in
statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at one end to a fixed
point, and having the other passed over a pulley and sustaining a
weight, while one or more other weights are suspended from the cord at
points between the fixed support and the pulley. -- Funicular polygon
(Mech.), the polygonal figure assumed by a cord fastened at its
extremities, and sustaining weights at different points.

Fu*nic"u*late (?), a. Forming a narrow ridge.

||Fu*nic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Funiculi (#). [L., a little cord. See
||Funicle.] 1. (Anat.) A cord, baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of
||the small bundles of fibers, of which large nerves are made up;
||applied also to different bands of white matter in the brain and
||spinal cord.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A short cord which connects the embryo of some myriapods
with the amnion. (b) In Bryozoa, an organ extending back from the
stomach. See Bryozoa, and Phylactolema.

Fu*nil"i*form (?), a. [L. funis rope + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling a cord
in toughness and flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.

||Fu"nis (?), n. [L., a rope. ] A cord; specifically, the umbilical
||cord or navel string.

Funk (?), n. [OE. funke a little fire; akin to Prov. E. funk touchwood,
G. funke spark, and perh. to Goth. f&?;n fire.] An offensive smell; a
stench. [Low]

Funk, v. t. To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke. [Obs.] King.

Funk, v. i. 1. To emit an offensive smell; to stink.

2. To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch; as, to funk at the
edge of a precipice. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley.

To funk out, to back out in a cowardly fashion. [Colloq.]

    To funk right out o' political strife.


Lowell (Biglow Papers).

{ Funk, Funk"ing, } n. A shrinking back through fear. [Colloq.] "The
horrid panic, or funk (as the men of Eton call it)." De Quincey.

Funk"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, great fear, or
funking. [Colloq. Eng.]

Fun"nel (?), n. [OE. funel, fonel, prob. through OF. fr, L. fundibulum,
infundibulum, funnel, fr. infundere to pour in; in in + fundere to
pour; cf. Armor. founil funnel, W. ffynel air hole, chimney. See Fuse,
v. t.] 1. A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow cone, terminating
below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids into a close vessel; a
tunnel.

2. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance; specifically,
a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney of a steamship or the like.

Funnel box (Mining), an apparatus for collecting finely crushed ore
from water. Knight. -- Funnel stay (Naut.), one of the ropes or rods
steadying a steamer's funnel.

Fun"nel*form` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel;
that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the corolla of
some flowers; infundibuliform.

Fun"ny (?), a. [Compar. Funnier (?); superl. Funniest.] [From Fun.]
Droll; comical; amusing; laughable.

Funny bone. See crazy bone, under Crazy.

Fun"ny, n.; pl. Funnies (&?;). A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for sculling.
[Eng.]

Fur (f˚r), n. [OE. furre, OF. forre, fuerre, sheath, case, of German
origin; cf. OHG. fuotar lining, case, G. futter; akin to Icel. fr
lining, Goth. fdr, scabbard; cf. Skr. ptra vessel, dish. The German and
Icel. words also have the sense, fodder, but this was probably a
different word originally. Cf. Fodder food, Fother, v. t., Forel, n.]
1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the
skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and coarser.

2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; as, a cargo
of furs.

3. Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on garments for warmth or for
ornament.

4. pl. Articles of clothing made of fur; as, a set of furs for a lady
(a collar, tippet, or cape, muff, etc.).

    Wrapped up in my furs.


Lady M. W. Montagu.

5. Any coating considered as resembling fur; as: (a) A coat of morbid
matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever. (b) The
soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach. (c) The deposit formed on
the interior of boilers and other vessels by hard water.

6. (Her.) One of several patterns or diapers used as tinctures. There
are nine in all, or, according to some writers, only six. See Tincture.

Fur (?), a. Of or pertaining to furs; bearing or made of fur; as, a fur
cap; the fur trade.

Fur seal (Zoˆl.) one of several species of seals of the genera
Callorhinus and Arclocephalus, inhabiting the North Pacific and the
Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is highly
prized. The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) breeds in vast
numbers on the Prybilov Islands, off the coast of Alaska; -- called
also sea bear.

Fur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furring.] 1. To
line, face, or cover with fur; as, furred robes. "You fur your gloves
with reason." Shak.

2. To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.

3. (Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger scantling upon, in
order to make a level surface for lathing or boarding, or to provide
for a space or interval back of the plastered or boarded surface, as
inside an outer wall, by way of protection against damp. Gwill.

Fu*ra"cious (?), a. [L. furax, -racis thievish, from fur thief.] Given
to theft; thievish. [Obs.]

Fu*rac"i*ty (?), n. [L. furacitas.] Addictedness to theft;
thievishness. [Obs.]

Fur"be*low (?), n. [Prov. F. farbala, equiv. to F. falbala, It.
falbal‡.] A plaited or gathered flounce on a woman's garment.

Fur"be*low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbelowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Furbelowing.] To put a furbelow on; to ornament.

Fur"bish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Furbishing.] [OE. forbischen, OF. forbir, furbir, fourbir, F. fourbir,
fr. OHG. furban to clean. See -ish.] To rub or scour to brightness; to
clean; to burnish; as, to furbish a sword or spear. Shak.

    Furbish new the name of John a Gaunt.


Shak.

Fur"bish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being furbished.

Fur"bish*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fourbisseur.] One who furbishes; esp., a
sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar weapons.

{ Fur"cate (?), Fur"ca*ted (?), } a. [L. furca fork. See Fork.] Forked;
branching like a fork; as, furcate twigs.

Fur*ca"tion (?), n. A branching like a fork.

Fur*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. furcifer yoke bearer, scoundrel; furca fork,
yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment + ferre to bear.] Rascally;
scandalous. [R.] "Furciferous knaves." De Quincey.

||Fur"cu*la (?), n. [L., a forked prop, dim. of furca a fork.] (Anat.)
||A forked process; the wishbone or furculum.

Fur"cu*lar (?), a. Shaped like a fork; furcate.

||Fur"cu*lum (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. furca a fork.] (Anat.) The
||wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united clavicles.

Fur"dle (?), v. t. [See Fardel, and cf. Furl.] To draw up into a
bundle; to roll up. [Ods.]

||Fur"fur (?), n. [L.] Scurf; dandruff.

Fur"fu*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. furfuraceus.] Made of bran; like bran;
scurfy.

Fur"fu*ran (?), n. [L. furfur bran.] (Chem.) A colorless, oily
substance, C4H4O, obtained by distilling certain organic substances, as
pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also tetraphenol.

Fur"fu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. furfur bran, scurf.] Falling of scurf from
the head; desquamation.

Fur"fu*rine (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline base, obtained
indirectly from furfurol.

Fur"fu*rol (?), n. [L. furfur bran + oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless
oily liquid, C4H3O.CHO, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the
distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde
derivative of furfuran; -- called also furfural.

Fur"fu*rous (?), a. Made of bran; furfuraceous. [R.] "Furfurous bread."
Sydney Smith.

Fu"ri*al (?), a. [L. furialis: cf. OF. furial.] Furious; raging;
tormenting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fu`ri*bun"dal (?), a. [L. furibundus, fr. furere to rage.] Full of
rage. [Obs.] G. Harvey.

Fu"ries (?), n. pl. See Fury, 3.

Fu"rile (?), n. [Furfurol + benzile.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline
substance, (C4H3O)2.C2O2, obtained by the oxidation of furoin. [Written
also furil.]

Fu*ril"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; as,
furilic acid.

||Fu"ri*o"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) With great force or vigor;
||vehemently.

Fu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. furiosus, fr. furia rage, fury: cf. F. furieux.
See Fury.] 1. Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; as, a
furious animal.

2. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as, a furious
stream; a furious wind or storm.

Syn. -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent; tumultuous;
angry; mad; frantic; frenzied.

-- Fu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Fu"ri*ous*ness, n.

Furl (f˚rl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furled (f˚rl); p. pr. & vb. n.
Furling.] [Contr. fr. furdle, fr. fardel bundle: cf. F. ferler to furl,
OF. fardeler to pack. See Furdle, Fardel, and cf. Farl.] To draw up or
gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the
yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff,
securing it there by a gasket or line. Totten.

Fur"long (?), n. [OE. furlong, furlang, AS. furlang, furlung, prop.,
the length of a furrow; furh furrow + lang long. See Furrow, and Long,
a.] A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two
hundred and twenty yards.

Fur"lough (?), n. [Prob. fr. D. verlof, fr. a prefix akin to E. for +
the root of E. lief, and akin to Dan. forlov, Sw. fˆrlof, G. verlaub
permission. See Life, a.] (Mil.) Leave of absence; especially, leave
given to an officer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain
time; also, the document granting leave of absence.

Fur"lough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furloughed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
Furloughing.] (Mil.) To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of
absence to, as to an officer or soldier.

{ Fur"mon*ty (?), Fur"mi*ty (?) } n. Same as Frumenty.

Fur"nace (?), n. [OE. fornais, forneis, OF. fornaise, F. fournaise,
from L. fornax; akin to furnus oven, and prob. to E. forceps.] 1. An
inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as
for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking
pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace;
a boiler furnace, etc.

Furnaces are classified as wind or air. furnaces when the fire is urged
only by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the fire is urged
by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as
reverberatory furnaces, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is
thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon.

2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe
experience or discipline. Deut. iv. 20.

Bustamente furnace, a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores. --
Furnace bridge, Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5. -- Furnace
cadmiam or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys
of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores. Raymond. -- Furnace hoist (Iron
Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast
furnace.

Fur"nace, n. 1. To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to
put into a furnace. [Obs. or R.]

    He furnaces The thick sighs from him.


Shak.

Fur"ni*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. fourniment. See Furnish.] Furniture. [Obs.]
Spenser.

Fur"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Furnishing.] [OF. furnir, fornir, to furnish, finish, F. fournir; akin
to Pr. formir, furmir, fromir, to accomplish, satisfy, fr. OHG. frumjan
to further, execute, do, akin to E. frame. See Frame, v. t., and -
ish.] 1. To supply with anything necessary, useful, or appropriate; to
provide; to equip; to fit out, or fit up; to adorn; as, to furnish a
family with provisions; to furnish one with arms for defense; to
furnish a Cable; to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with
knowledge or principles; to furnish an expedition or enterprise, a room
or a house.

    That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all
    good works.


2 Tim. iii. 17,

2. To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to
afford; as, to furnish food to the hungry: to furnish arms for defense.

    Ye are they . . . that furnish the drink offering unto that number.


Is. lxv. 11.

    His writings and his life furnish abundant proofs that he was not a
    man of strong sense.


Macaulay.

Fur"nish, n. That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply.
[Obs.] Greene.

Fur"nish*er (?), n. One who supplies or fits out.

Fur"nish*ment (?), n. The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture;
also, furniture. [Obs.] Daniel.

Fur"ni*ture (?), n. [F. fourniture. See Furnish, v. t.] 1. That with
which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment.

    The form and all the furniture of the earth.


Tillotson.

    The thoughts which make the furniture of their minds.


M. Arnold.

2. Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or apartment,
as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains, pictures,
vases, etc.

3. The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage, a
ship, etc. (a) (Naut.) The masts and rigging of a ship. (b) (Mil.) The
mountings of a gun. (c) Builders' hardware such as locks, door and
window trimmings. (d) (Print) Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser
height than the type, placed around the pages or other matter in a
form, and, with the quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in
the chase.

4. (Mus.) A mixed or compound stop in an organ; -- sometimes called
mixture.

Fu"ro*in (?), n. [See Furfurol.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline
substance, C10H8O4, from furfurol.

Fu*ro"re (?), n. [It.] Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.

<! p. 605 !>

Fur"ri*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fourreur.] A dealer in furs; one who makes or
sells fur goods.

Fur"ri*er*y (?), n. 1. Furs, in general. Tooke.

2. The business of a furrier; trade in furs.

Fur"ring (?), n. 1. (Carp.) (a) The leveling of a surface, or the
preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or of larger
pieces. See Fur, v. t., 3. (b) The strips thus laid on.

2. (Shipbuilding) Double planking of a ship's side.

3. A deposit from water, as on the inside of a boiler; also, the
operation of cleaning away this deposit.

Fur"row (?), n. [OE. forow, forgh, furgh, AS. furh; akin to D. voor,
OHG. furuh, G. furche, Dan. fure, Sw. f&?;ra, Icel. for drain, L. porca
ridge between two furrows.] 1. A trench in the earth made by, or as by,
a plow.

2. Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; a wrinkle on
the face; as, the furrows of age.

Farrow weed a weed which grows on plowed land. Shak. -- To draw a
straight furrow, to live correctly; not to deviate from the right line
of duty. Lowell.

Fur"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furrowing.]
[From Furrow, n.; cf. AS. fyrian.] 1. To cut a furrow in; to make
furrows in; to plow; as, to furrow the ground or sea. Shak.

2. To mark with channels or with wrinkles.

    Thou canst help time to furrow me with age.


Shak.

    Fair cheeks were furrowed with hot tears.


Byron.

Fur"row*y (?), a. Furrowed. [R.] Tennyson.

Fur"ry (?), a. [From Fur.] 1. Covered with fur; dressed in fur. "Furry
nations." Thomson.

2. Consisting of fur; as, furry spoils. Dryden.

3. Resembling fur.

Fur"ther (?), adv. [A comparative of forth; OE. further, forther, AS.
fur&?;or, far&?;ur; akin to G. f¸rder. See Forth, adv.] To a greater
distance; in addition; moreover. See Farther.

    Carries us, I know not how much further, into familiar company.


M. Arnold.

    They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no further.


Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Further off, not so near; apart by a greater distance.

Fur"ther, a. compar. [Positive wanting; superl. Furthest.] 1. More
remote; at a greater distance; more in advance; farther; as, the
further end of the field. See Farther.

2. Beyond; additional; as, a further reason for this opinion; nothing
further to suggest.

The forms further and farther are in general not differentiated by
writers, but further is preferred by many when application to quantity
or degree is implied.

Fur"ther", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furthered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Furthering.] [OE. furthren, forthren, AS. fyrran, fyrrian. See
Further, adv.] To help forward; to promote; to advance; to forward; to
help or assist.

    This binds thee, then, to further my design.


Dryden.

    I should nothing further the weal public.


Robynsom (More's Utopia).

Fur"ther*ance (?), n. The act of furthering or helping forward;
promotion; advancement; progress.

    I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your
    furthersnce and joy of faith.


Phil. i. 25.

    Built of furtherance and pursuing, Not of spent deeds, but of
    doing.


Emerson.

Fur"ther*er (?), n. One who furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter.
Shak.

Fur"ther*more" (?), adv. or conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to
what has been said.

Fur"ther*most" (?), a. Most remote; furthest.

Fur"ther*some (?), a. Tending to further, advance, or promote; helpful;
advantageous. [R.]

    You will not find it furthersome.


Carlyle.

Fur"thest (?), a. superl. Most remote; most in advance; farthest. See
Further, a.

Fur"thest, adv. At the greatest distance; farthest.

Fur"tive (?), a. [L. furtivus, fr. furtum theft, fr. fur thief, akin to
ferre to bear: cf. F. furtif. See Fertile.] Stolen; obtained or
characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy; as, a furtive look.
Prior.

    A hasty and furtive ceremony.


Hallam.

Fur"tive*ly, adv. Stealthily by theft. Lover.

Fu"run*cle (?), n. [L. furunculus a petty thief, a boil, dim. of fur
thief: cf. F. furoncle.] (Med.) A superficial, inflammatory tumor,
suppurating with a central core; a boil.

Fu*run"cu*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a furuncle; marked by the
presence of furuncles.

Fu"ry (?), n. [L. fur.] A thief. [Obs.]

    Have an eye to your plate, for there be furies.


J. Fleteher.

Fu"ry, n.; pl. Furies (#). [L. furia, fr. furere to rage: cf. F. furie.
Cf. Furor.] 1. Violent or extreme excitement; overmastering agitation
or enthusiasm.

    Her wit began to be with a divine fury inspired.


Sir P. Sidney.

2. Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; -- sometimes applied to
inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity; violence. "Fury
of the wind." Shak.

    I do oppose my patience to his fury.


Shak.

3. pl. (Greek Myth.) The avenging deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and
MegÊra; the Erinyes or Eumenides.

    The Furies, they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in
    heaven should transgress his path would punish him.


Emerson.

4. One of the ParcÊ, or Fates, esp. Atropos. [R.]

    Comes the blind Fury with the abhorred shears, And slits the
    thin-spun life.


Milton.

5. A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a vixen; a virago; a
termagant.

Syn. -- Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage; vehemence;
violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See Anger.

Furze (?), n. [OE. firs, As. fyrs.] (Bot.) A thorny evergreen shrub
(Ulex EuropÊus), with beautiful yellow flowers, very common upon the
plains and hills of Great Britain; -- called also gorse, and whin. The
dwarf furze is Ulex nanus.

Furze"chat" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The whinchat; -- called also furzechuck.

Furze"ling (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An English warbler (Melizophilus
provincialis); -- called also furze wren, and Dartford warbler.

Furz"en (?), a. Furzy; gorsy. [Obs.] Holland.

Furz"y (?), a. Abounding in, or overgrown with, furze; characterized by
furze. Gay.

||Fu"sain" (?), n. [F., the spindle tree; also, charcoal made from it.]
||(Fine Arts) (a) Fine charcoal of willow wood, used as a drawing
||implement. (b) A drawing made with it. See Charcoal, n. 2, and
||Charcoal drawing, under Charcoal.

Fu"sa*role (?), n. [F. fusarolle, fr. It. fusaruolo, fr. fuso spindle,
shaft of a column. See Fusee a conical wheel.] (Arch.) A molding
generally placed under the echinus or quarter round of capitals in the
Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.

Fus*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fuscare, fuscatum, to make dark, fr. fuscus
dark.] A darkening; obscurity; obfuscation. [R.] Blount.

Fus"cin (?), n. [L. fuscus dark- colored, tawny.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
brown, nitrogenous pigment contained in the retinal epithelium; a
variety of melanin.

Fus"cine (?), n. (Chem.) A dark-colored substance obtained from
empyreumatic animal oil. [R.]

Fus"cous (?), a. [L. fuscus.] Brown or grayish black; darkish.

    Sad and fuscous colors, as black or brown, or deep purple and the
    like.


Burke.

Fuse (fz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fused (fzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Fusing.]
[L. fusus, p. p. of fundere to pour, melt, cast. See Foundo to cast,
and cf. Futile.] 1. To liquefy by heat; to render fluid; to dissolve;
to melt.

2. To unite or blend, as if melted together.

    Whose fancy fuses old and new.


Tennyson.

Fuse, v. i. 1. To be reduced from a solid to a fluid state by heat; to
be melted; to melt.

2. To be blended, as if melted together.

Fusing point, the degree of temperature at which a substance melts; the
point of fusion.

Fuse, n. [For fusee, fusil. See 2d Fusil.] (Gunnery, Mining, etc.) A
tube or casing filled with combustible matter, by means of which a
charge of powder is ignited, as in blasting; -- called also fuzee. See
Fuze.

Fuse hole, the hole in a shell prepared for the reception of the fuse.
Farrow.

Fu*see" (?), n. [See 2d Fusil, and cf. Fuse, n.] 1. A flintlock gun.
See 2d Fusil. [Obs.]

2. A fuse. See Fuse, n.

3. A kind of match for lighting a pipe or cigar.

Fu*see", n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The track of a buck. Ainsworth.

Fu*see", n. [F. fusÈe a spindleful, fusee, LL. fusata, fr. fusare to
use a spindle, L. fusus spindle.] (a) The cone or conical wheel of a
watch or clock, designed to equalize the power of the mainspring by
having the chain from the barrel which contains the spring wind in a
spiral groove on the surface of the cone in such a manner that the
diameter of the cone at the point where the chain acts may correspond
with the degree of tension of the spring. (b) A similar wheel used in
other machinery.

Fu"sel (?), n., Fu"sel oil. [G. fusel bad liquor.] (Chem.) A hot,
acrid, oily liquid, accompanying many alcoholic liquors (as potato
whisky, corn whisky, etc.), as an undesirable ingredient, and
consisting of several of the higher alcohols and compound ethers, but
particularly of amyl alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl
alcohol.

Fu"si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fusibilitÈ.] The quality of being
fusible.

Fu"si*ble (?), a. [F. fusible. See Fuse, v. t.] CapabIe of being melted
or liquefied.

Fusible metal, any alloy of different metals capable of being easily
fused, especially an alloy of five parts of bismuth, three of lead, and
two of tin, which melts at a temperature below that of boiling water.
Ure. -- Fusible plug (Steam Boiler), a piece of easily fusible alloy,
placed in one of the sheets and intended to melt and blow off the steam
in case of low water.

Fu"si*form (?), a. [L. fusus spindle + -form: cf. F. fusiforme.] Shaped
like a spindle; tapering at each end; as, a fusiform root; a fusiform
cell.

Fu"sil (?), a. [L. fusilis molten, fluid, fr. fundere, fusum, to pour,
cast. See Fuse, v. t.] 1. Capable of being melted or rendered fluid by
heat; fusible. [R.] "A kind of fusil marble" Woodward.

2. Running or flowing, as a liquid. [R.] "A fusil sea." J. Philips.

3. Formed by melting and pouring into a mold; cast; founded. [Obs.]
Milton.

Fu"sil (?), n. [F. fusil, LL. fosile a steel for kindling fire, from L.
focus hearth, fireplace, in LL. fire. See Focus, and cf. Fusee a
firelock.] A light kind of flintlock musket, formerly in use.

Fu"sil, n. [See 3d Fusee.] (Her.) A bearing of a rhomboidal figure; --
named from its shape, which resembles that of a spindle.

It differs from a lozenge in being longer in proportion to its width.

Fu"sile (?), a. Same as Fusil, a.

{ Fu"sil*eer", Fu"sil*ier" } (?), n. [F. fusilier, fr. fusil.] (Mil.)
(a) Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the plural: (b) A
title now borne by some regiments and companies; as, "The Royal
Fusiliers," etc.

Fu"sil*lade" (?), n. [F. fusillade, cf. It. fucilata. See Fusil a
firelock.] (Mil.) A simultaneous discharge of firearms.

Fu"sil*lade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fusillader; p. pr. & vb. n.
Fusillading.] To shoot down of shoot at by a simultaneous discharge of
firearms.

Fu"sion (?), n. [L. fusio, fr. fundere, fusum to pour, melt: cf. F.
fusion. See Fuse, v. t., and cf. Foison.] 1. The act or operation of
melting or rendering fluid by heat; the act of melting together; as,
the fusion of metals.

2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat; a state of fluidity
or flowing in consequence of heat; as, metals in fusion.

3. The union or blending together of things, as, melted together.

    The universal fusion of races, languages, and customs . . . had
    produced a corresponding fusion of creeds.


C. Kingsley.

Watery fusion (Chem.) the melting of certain crystals by heat in their
own water of crystallization.

4. (Biol.) The union, or binding together, of adjacent parts or
tissues.

Fu"some (?), a. [AS. f&?;san to hasten, fr. f&?;s ready, prompt, quick;
akin to OS. f&?;s, OHG. funs, Icel. fuss willing; prob. from the root
of E. find.] Handy; reat; handsome; notable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Fuss (?), n. [Cf. Fusome.] 1. A tumult; a bustle; unnecessary or
annoying ado about trifles. Byron.

    Zealously, assiduously, and with a minimum of fuss or noise


Carlyle.

2. One who is unduly anxious about trifles. [R.]

    I am a fuss and I don't deny it.


W. D. Howell.

Fuss, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fussing.] To be
overbusy or unduly anxious about trifles; to make a bustle or ado. Sir
W. Scott.

Fuss"i*ly (?), adv. In a fussy manner. Byron.

Fuss"i*ness, n. The quality of being fussy.

Fuss"y (?), a. [Compar. Fussier (?); superl Fussiest.] Making a fuss;
disposed to make an unnecessary ado about trifles; overnice; fidgety.

    Not at all fussy about his personal appearance.


R. G. White.

Fust (fst), n. [OF. fust, F. f˚t, fr. L. fustis stick staff.] (Arch.)
The shaft of a column, or trunk of a pilaster. Gwilt.

Fust, n. [OF. fust cask, F. f˚t cask, taste or smell of the cask,
fustiness, cf. sentir le f˚t to taste of the cask. See 1st Fust.] A
strong, musty smell; mustiness.

Fust, v. i. To become moldy; to smell ill. [Obs.]

Fust"ed, a. Moldy; ill- smelling. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Fus"ter*ic (?), n. The coloring matter of fustet. Ure.

Fus"tet (?), n. [F. fustet (cf. Sp. & Pg. fustete), LL. fustetus, fr.
L. fustis stick, in LL., tree, See 1st Fust, and cf. Fustic.] The wood
of the Rhus Cotinus or Venice sumach, a shrub of Southern Europe, which
yields a fine orange color, which, however, is not durable without a
mordant. Ure.

Fus"tian (?), n. [OE. fustan, fustian, OF. fustaine, F. futaine, It.
fustagno, fr. LL. fustaneum, fustanum; cf. Pr. fustani, Sp. fustan. So
called from Fustt, i. e., Cairo, where it was made.] 1. A kind of
coarse twilled cotton or cotton and linen stuff, including corduroy,
velveteen, etc.

2. An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing in which
high-sounding words are used, above the dignity of the thoughts or
subject; bombast.

    Claudius . . . has run his description into the most wretched
    fustian.


Addison.

Fus"tian, a. 1. Made of fustian.

2. Pompous; ridiculously tumid; inflated; bombastic; as, fustian
history. Walpole.

Fus"tian*ist, n. A writer of fustian. [R.] Milton.

Fus"tic (?), n. [F. fustoc, Sp. fustoc. Cf. Fustet.] The wood of the
Maclura tinctoria, a tree growing in the West Indies, used in dyeing
yellow; -- called also old fustic. [Written also fustoc.]

Other kinds of yellow wood are often called fustic; as that of species
of Xanthoxylum, and especially the Rhus Cotinus, which is sometimes
called young fustic to distinguish it from the Maclura. See Fustet.

Fus"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. fustigare, fr. fustis stick. See 1st Fust.]
To cudgel. [R.] Bailey.

Fus"ti*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fustigation.] A punishment by beating
with a stick or club; cudgeling.

    This satire, composed of actual fustigation.


Motley.

Fus"ti*la"ri*an (?), n. [From Fusty.] A low fellow; a stinkard; a
scoundrel. [Obs.] Shak.

{ Fus"ti*lug` (&?;), Fus"ti*lugs` (?) }, n. [Fusty + lug something
heavy, to be drawn or carried.] A gross, fat, unwieldy person. [Obs.]
F. Junius.

Fust"i*ness (?), n. A fusty state or quality; moldiness; mustiness; an
ill smell from moldiness.

Fusty (?), a. [Compar. Fustier (#); superl Fustiest.] [See 2d Fust.] 1.
Moldy; musty; ill-smelling; rank. "A fusty nut." "Fusty plebeians."
Shak.

2. Moping. [Archaic]

    A melancholy, fusty humor.


Pepys.

Fu"sure (?), n. [L. fusura, fr. fundere, fusum. See Fuse, v. t.] Act of
fusing; fusion. [R.]

<! p. 606 !>

Futch"el (?), n. The jaws between which the hinder end of a carriage
tongue is inserted. Knight.

Fu"tile (?; 277), a. [L. futilis that easily pours out, that easily
lets loose, vain, worthless, from the root of fundere to pour out: cf.
F. futile. See Fuse, v. t.]

1. Talkative; loquacious; tattling. [Obs.]

    Talkers and futile persons.


Bacon.

2. Of no importance; answering no useful end; useless; vain; worthless.
"Futile theories." I. Taylor.

    His reasoning . . . was singularly futile.


Macaulay.

Fu"tile*ly, adv. In a futile manner.

Fu"til`i*ty (?), n. [L. futilitas: cf. F. futilitÈ.] 1. The quality of
being talkative; talkativeness; loquaciousness; loquacity. [Obs.]

2. The quality of producing no valuable effect, or of coming to
nothing; uselessness.

    The futility of this mode of philosophizing.


Whewell.

Fu"til*ous (?), a. Futile; trifling. [Obs.]

Fu"ttock (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. foothook.] (Naut.) One of the
crooked timbers which are scarfed together to form the lower part of
the compound rib of a vessel; one of the crooked transverse timbers
passing across and over the keel.

Futtock plates (Naut.), plates of iron to which the dead-eyes of the
topmast rigging are secured. -- Futtock shrouds, short iron shrouds
leading from the upper part of the lower mast or of the main shrouds to
the edge of the top, or through it, and connecting the topmast rigging
with the lower mast. Totten.

Fu"tur*a*ble (?; 135), a. Capable of being future; possible to occur.
[R.]

    Not only to things future, but futurable.


Fuller.

Fu"ture (?; 135), a. [F. futur, L. futurus, used as fut. p. of esse to
be, but from the same root as E. be. See Be, v. i.] That is to be or
come hereafter; that will exist at any time after the present; as, the
next moment is future, to the present.

Future tense (Gram.), the tense or modification of a verb which
expresses a future act or event.

Fu"ture (?), n. [Cf. F. futur. See Future, a.]

1. Time to come; time subsequent to the present (as, the future shall
be as the present); collectively, events that are to happen in time to
come. "Lay the future open." Shak.

2. The possibilities of the future; -- used especially of prospective
success or advancement; as, he had great future before him.

3. (Gram.) A future tense.

To deal in futures, to speculate on the future values of merchandise or
stocks. [Brokers' cant]

Fu"ture*less, a. Without prospect of betterment in the future. W. D.
Howells.

Fu"ture*ly, adv. In time to come. [Obs.] Raleigh.

Fu"tur*ist, n. 1. One whose chief interests are in what is to come; one
who anxiously, eagerly, or confidently looks forward to the future; an
expectant.

2. (Theol.) One who believes or maintains that the fulfillment of the
prophecies of the Bible is to be in the future.

Fu`tu*ri"tial (?; 135), a. Relating to what is to come; pertaining to
futurity; future. [R.]

Fu`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. futurition.] The state of being future;
futurity. [R.]

    Nothing . . . can have this imagined futurition, but as it is
    decreed.


Coleridge.

Fu*tu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl. Futurities (&?;).

1. State of being that is yet to come; future state.

2. Future time; time to come; the future.

3. Event to come; a future event.

    All futurities are naked before the All-seeing Eye.


South.

Fuze (?), n. A tube, filled with combustible matter, for exploding a
shell, etc. See Fuse, n.

Chemical fuze, a fuze in which substances separated until required for
action are then brought into contact, and uniting chemically, produce
explosion. -- Concussion fuze, a fuze ignited by the striking of the
projectile. -- Electric fuze, a fuze which is ignited by heat or a
spark produced by an electric current. - - Friction fuze, a fuze which
is ignited by the heat evolved by friction. -- Percussion fuze, a fuze
in which the ignition is produced by a blow on some fulminating
compound. -- Time fuze, a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the
character of its composition, to burn a certain time before producing
an explosion.

Fuzz (?), v. t. To make drunk. [Obs.] Wood.

Fuzz, n. [Cf. Prov. E. fuzzy that ravels (of silk or cotton), D. voos
spongy, fungous, G. faser filament. E. feaze to untwist.] Fine, light
particles or fibers; loose, volatile matter.

Fuzz ball, a kind of fungus or mushroom, which, when pressed, bursts
and scatters a fine dust; a puffball.

Fuzz, v. i. To fly off in minute particles.

Fuz"zle (?), v. t. [Cf. LG. fuseln to drink common liquor, fr. fusel
bad liquor.] To make drunk; to intoxicate; to fuddle. [Obs.] Burton.

Fuzz"y (?), a. [See Fuzz, n.] 1. Not firmly woven; that ravels.
[Written also fozy.] [Prov. Eng.]

2. Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz; as, the fuzzy skin of a
peach.

-fy (?). [Through French verbs in -fier, L. - ficare, akin to facere to
do, make. See Fact.] A suffix signifying to make, to form into, etc.;
as, acetify, amplify, dandify, Frenchify, etc.

Fy (?), interj. [See Fie, interj.] A word which expresses blame,
dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence, or contempt. See Fie.

Fyke (?), n. [D. fuik a bow net.] A long bag net distended by hoops,
into which fish can pass easily, without being able to return; --
called also fyke net. Cozzens.

Fyl"lot (?), n. [Prov. fr. AS. fy&?;erf&?;te, fierf&?;te, feÛwerf&?;te.
See Four, and Foot, n.] A rebated cross, formerly used as a secret
emblem, and a common ornament. It is also called gammadion, and
swastika.

Fyrd (?), Fyr"dung (&?;), n. [AS.; akin to E. fare, v. i.] (Old. Eng.
Hist.) The military force of the whole nation, consisting of all men
able to bear arms.

    The national fyrd or militia.


J. R. Green.

Fytte (?), n. See Fit a song. [Archaic]

G.

G (j) 1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal
consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the
other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to
Pronunciation, ßß 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.

The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first
appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and
probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most
closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin
L. genus, Gr. &?;; E. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h; as in
get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust, choose. See
C.

2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model
scale; -- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also
originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the
character represented in the margin. See Clef. G (G sharp) is a tone
intermediate between G and A.

Gab (?), n. [Cf. Gaff.] (Steam Engine) The hook on the end of an
eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. Illust. of Eccentric.

Gab, n. [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery, or
OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v. i., Gibber.]
The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness.
[Colloq.]

Gift of gab, facility of expression. [Colloq.]

Gab, v. i. [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to
mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.] 1. To deceive; to lie.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed.

Gab"ar*age (?), n. A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]

Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (&?;), n. [Sp. gabardina; cf. It. gavardina,
OF. galvardine, calvardine, gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. &
OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. caban great
coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.] A
coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean
dress. Shak.

Gab"ber (?), n. 1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]

2. One addicted to idle talk.

Gab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling
(?).] [Freq. of gab. See Gab, v. i.] 1. To talk fast, or to talk
without meaning; to prate; to jabber. Shak.

2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling fowls.
Dryden.

Gab"ble, n. 1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning.

    Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the builders.


Milton.

2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.

Gab"bler (?), n. One who gabbles; a prater.

Gab"bro (?), n. [It.] (Geol.) A name originally given by the Italians
to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now
generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of
lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite
(olivine gabbro).

Ga"bel (?), n. [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of uncertain
origin. Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) A rent, service, tribute,
custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise. Burrill.

    He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry of a fish.


Jer. Taylor.

Ga"bel*er (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A collector of gabels or taxes.

||Ga`belle" (?), n. [F. See Gabel.] A tax, especially on salt. [France]
||Brande & C.

Ga*belle"man (?), n. A gabeler. Carlyle.

Gab`er*dine" (?), n. See Gabardine.

Gab"er-lun`zie (?), n. [Gael. gabair talker + lunndair idler.] A beggar
with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gab"ert (?), n. [Cf.F. gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.] A lighter, or vessel
for inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Ga"bi*on (?), n.[F., from It. gabbione a large cage, gabion, from
gabbia cage, L. cavea. See Cage.] 1. (Fort.) A hollow cylinder of
wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various
sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from
an enemy's fire.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.) An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones
and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor
improvement.

Ga`bi*on*ade" (?), n. [F. gabionnade.] 1. (Fort.) A traverse made with
gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them from
enfilading fire.

2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in
harbor improvements.

Ga"bi*on*age (?), n. [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.) The part of a
fortification built of gabions.

Ga"bi*oned (?), p. a. Furnished with gabions.

||Ga`bion`nade" (?), n. See Gabionade.

Ga"ble (?), n. A cable. [Archaic] Chapman.

Ga"ble, n. [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front of a
building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G. giebel
gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. &?; head,
and E. cephalic, or to G. gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus
a kind of gallows.] (Arch.) (a) The vertical triangular portion of the
end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge
of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a
gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as
distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member
having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic
arch in a doorway.

Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which
forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). -- Gable
window, a window in a gable.

Ga"blet (?), n. (Arch.) A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed
over a tabernacle, niche, etc.

Gab"lock (?), n. [See Gavelock.] A false spur or gaff, fitted on the
heel of a gamecock. Wright.

Ga"by (?), n. [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.] A simpleton;
a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]

Gad (?), n. [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting,
Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.] 1. The point of a
spear, or an arrowhead.

2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used
in mining, etc.

    I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write
    these words.


Shak.

3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.

4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt.

5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.]

    Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads.


Moxon.

6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to
drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.

Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this
done upon the gad!" Shak.

Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gadding.] [Prob. fr.
gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.] To walk about; to rove or
go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. "The
gadding vine." Milton.

    Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way?


Jer. ii. 36.

Gad"a*bout` (?), n. A gadder [Colloq.]

Gad"bee` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The gadfly.

Gad"der (?), n. One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.

Gad"ding, a. & n. Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.

    Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets.


Bacon.

    The good nuns would check her gadding tongue.


Tennyson.

Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so
arranged as to drill a line of holes.

Gad"ding*ly (?), adv. In a roving, idle manner.

Gad"dish (?), a. Disposed to gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n. "Gaddishness and
folly." Abp. Leighton.

Gade (?), n. [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A small British fish
(Motella argenteola) of the Cod family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray
Firth; -- called also gead. [Prov. Eng.]

<! p. 607 !>

Gad"er*e (?), Gad"re (&?;), v. t. & i. To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gad"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gadflies (#). [Gad + fly.] (Zoˆl.) Any dipterous
insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies.

The sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of
sheep, and the larvÊ develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species
which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the
skin where the larvÊ or bots live and produce sores called wormels. The
gadflies of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called bots. See
Botfly, and Bots. The true horseflies are often erroneously called
gadflies, and the true gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze
flies.

Gadfly petrel (Zoˆl.), one of several small petrels of the genus
Oestrelata.

Gadhel"ic (gl"k), a. [See Gaelic.] Of or pertaining to that division of
the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. J.
Peile.

Gad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus);
-- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid.

Gad`i*ta`ni*an (?), a. [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.] Of or relating
to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.

Gad"ling (?), n. [Gad, n. + - ling.] (MediÊval Armor) [R.] See Gad, n.,
4.

Gad"ling, a. [See Gad, v. i.] Gadding about. [Obs.]

Gad"ling, n. A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Gadman (?), n. A gadsman.

Ga"doid (?; 277), a. [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gadoÔde gadoid, Gr.
&?; a sort of fish, F. gade.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the family of
fishes (GadidÊ) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n. One of
the GadidÊ. [Written also gadid.]

Gad`o*lin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A rare earth,
regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by
others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium,
etc.

Gad`o*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.

Gad"o*lin*ite (?), n. [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.] (Min.)
A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting
principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.

Gad`o*lin"i*um (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A supposed rare
metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with
yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have
not yet been determined.

Gads"man (?), n. One who uses a gad or goad in driving.

Gad"u*in (?), n.[NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown
amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.

Gad"wall (?), n. [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zoˆl.) A large duck (Anas
strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe
and America; -- called also gray duck. [Written also gaddwell.]

Gael (?), n.sing. & pl. [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.) A Celt or the Celts of
the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of
Celtic origin.

Gael"ic (?; 277), a. [Gael. G‡idhealach, Gaelach, from G‡idheal, Gael,
a Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to
the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.

Gael"ic (?), n. [Gael. Gaelig, G‡ilig.] The language of the Gaels, esp.
of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.

Gaff (?), n. [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull
great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to G.
gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. Cf. Gaffle, Gable.] 1. A barbed spear or a
hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish.

2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is
extended.

3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright.

Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaffing.] To
strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as,
to gaff a salmon.

Gaf"fer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer
for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.] 1. An old fellow; an aged rustic.

    Go to each gaffer and each goody.


Fawkes.

Gaffer was originally a respectful title, now degenerated into a term
of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble
life.

2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.]

Gaf"fle (?), n. [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel, G.
gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.] 1. An artificial spur or
gaff for gamecocks.

2. A lever to bend crossbows.

Gaff`-top"sail (?), n. (Naut.) A small triangular sail having its foot
extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.

Gag (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gagging (?).]
[Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg mouth, opening,
entrance.] 1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to
hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to
allow freedom of speech to. Marvell.

    The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and
    reason to be hood winked.


Maccaulay.

2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag.

    Mouths gagged to such a wideness.


Fortescue (Transl.).

3. To cause to heave with nausea.

Gag, v. i. 1. To heave with nausea; to retch.

2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill
Mag.

Gag, n. 1. Something thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder
speaking.

2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton
fat. Lamb.

3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in
his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local
allusion. [Slang]

Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's
mouth. -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the
gag rein.

Gag"ate (?; 48), n. [L. gagates. See Jet a black mineral.] Agate.
[Obs.] Fuller.

Gage (?), n. [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf. Goth.
wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and cf. Wage, n.] 1. A
pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the
performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by
nonperformance; security.

    Nor without gages to the needy lend.


Sandys.

2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to
combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a
challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my gage." Shak.

Gage (?), n. [So called because an English family named Gage imported
the greengage from France, in the last century.] A variety of plum; as,
the greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage, golden gage, etc.,
having more or less likeness to the greengage. See Greengage.

Gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaged (?); p. pr & vb. n. Gaging (?).] [Cf.
F. gager. See Gage, n., a pledge.] 1. To give or deposit as a pledge or
security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.]

    A moiety competent Was gaged by our king.


Shak.

2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.

    Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me
    gaged.


Shak.

Gage, n. A measure or standard. See Gauge, n.

Gage, v. t. To measure. See Gauge, v. t.

    You shall not gage me By what we do to-night.


Shak.

Ga"ger (?), n. A measurer. See Gauger.

Gag"ger (?), n. 1. One who gags.

2. (Founding) A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep
the sand in place.

Gag"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling
(?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln,
gackern, MHG. g&?;gen, E. giggle, cackle.] To make a noise like a
goose; to cackle. Bacon.

Gag"gle, n. [Cf. Gaggle v. i.] (Zoˆl.) A flock of wild geese. [Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.

Gag"tooth` (?), n.; pl. Gagteeth (&?;). A projecting tooth. [Obs.]

Gag"-toothed" (?), a. Having gagteeth. [Obs.]

Gahn"ite (?), n. [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) Zinc
spinel; automolite.

Ga*id"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to hypogeic acid;
-- applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.

Gai"e*ty (?), n. Same as Gayety.

Gail"er (?), n. A jailer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Gail`lard" (?), a. [F. See Galliard.] Gay; brisk; merry; galliard.
||Chaucer.

||Gail*liarde" (?), n. [See Galliard a dance.] A lively French and
||Italian dance.

Gai"ly (?), adv. [From Gay.] Merrily; showily. See gaily.

Gain (gn), n. [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.) A square or beveled notch
cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a
floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.

Gain, a. [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready,
serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. Cf. Ahain.] Convenient;
suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap;
respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Gain (gn), n. [OE. gain, gein, gahen, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin
to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob.
influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.] 1. That which
is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or
benefit; -- opposed to loss.

    But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ.


Phil. iii. 7.

    Godliness with contentment is great gain.


1 Tim. vi. 6.

    Every one shall share in the gains.


Shak.

2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions;
acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of gain." Tennyson.

Gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gained (gnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaining.] [From
gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF.
gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidinn, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr.
weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. veir hunting, AS. wu, cf. L.
venari to hunt, E. venison. See Gain, n., profit.]

1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or
labor; as, to gain a good living.

    What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose
    his own soul?


Matt. xvi. 26.

    To gain dominion, or to keep it gained.


Milton.

    For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease.


Pope.

2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by
competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a
prize.

3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to
conciliate.

    If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother.


Matt. xviii. 15.

    To gratify the queen, and gained the court.


Dryden.

4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a
mountain; to gain a good harbor.

    Forded Usk and gained the wood.


Tennyson.

5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or
Ironical]

    Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this
    harm and loss.


Acts xxvii. 21.

Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the
earth. -- To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any
undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. -- To gain
over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. -- To gain the
wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship.

Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve.
See Obtain. -- To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by
exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains
knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a
victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.

Gain (?), v. i. To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire
gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to
make progress; as, the sick man gains daily.

    Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion.


Ezek. xxii. 12.

Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which
increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on or upon.
(a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain
influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a
race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of.

    The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant,
    but have their cloth in Venice itself.


Addison.

    My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to
    conceive hopes of liberty.


Swift.

Gain"a*ble (?), a. [CF. F. gagnable. See Gain, v. t.] Capable of being
obtained or reached. Sherwood.

Gain"age (?, 48), n. [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage
pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows,
wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage. (b) The profit
made by tillage; also, the land itself. Bouvier.

Gain"er (?), n. One who gains. Shak.

Gain"ful (?), a. Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful
speculation." Macaulay. -- Gain"ful*ly, adv. -- Gain"ful*ness, n.

Gain"giv`ing (?), n. [See Again, and Give.] A misgiving. [Obs.]

Gain"less, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond. --
Gain"less/ness, n.

Gain"ly, adv. [See Gain, a.] Handily; readily; dexterously;
advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Gain"pain` (?), n.[F. gagner to gain + pain bread.] Bread-gainer; -- a
term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.

Gain`say" (? or ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainsaid (? or ?); p. pr.
& vb. n. Gainsaying.] [OE. geinseien, ageinseien. See Again, and Say to
utter.] To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid.

    I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall
    not be able to gainsay nor resist.


Luke xxi. 15.

    The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy
    mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained.


Shak.

Gain`say"er (?), n. One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To
convince the gainsayers." Tit. i. 9.

Gain"some (?), a. 1. Gainful.

2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] Massinger.

'Gainst (?), prep. A contraction of Against.

Gain"stand` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n.
gainstanding.] [See Again, and Stand.] To withstand; to resist. [Obs.]

    Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires.


Sir P. Sidney.

Gain"strive` (?), v. t. & i. [See Again, and Strive.] To strive or
struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser.

Gair"fowl` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Garefowl.

Gair"ish (?), a., Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ish/ness, n. Same as Garish,
Garishly, Garishness.

Gait (?), n. [See Gate a way.] 1. A going; a walk; a march; a way.

    Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass.


Shak.

2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving.

    'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait.


Shak.

Gait"ed (?), a. Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as,
slow-gaited; heavy- gaited.

Gait"er (?), n. [F. guÍtre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German
origin, and akin to E. wear, v.] 1. A covering of cloth or leather for
the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep,
fitting down upon the shoe.

<! p. 608 !>

2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.

Gai"ter (?), v. t. To dress with gaiters.

Gai"tre, Gay"tre (&?;), n. [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.] The dogwood tree.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

Ga"la (?), n. [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of German
origin. See Gallant.] Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay.

Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.

Ga*lac"ta-gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to lead.] (Med.) An
agent exciting secretion of milk.

Ga*lac"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; milky, fr. &?;, &?;, milk. See Galaxy, and
cf. Lactic.] 1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic
acid.

2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way.

Galactic circle (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which
the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic
poles, the poles of the galactic circle.

Ga*lac"tin (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk. Cf. Lactin.] (Chem.) (a) An
amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and
other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as
a coagulating or emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance found in
the sap of the South American cow tree (Galactodendron). (c) An
amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of
leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars,
including galactose.

Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?; + E. densimeter.] Same as
Galactometer.

Gal`ac*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + -meter: cf. F.
galactomËtre. Cf. Lactometer.] An instrument for ascertaining the
quality of milk (i.e., its richness in cream) by determining its
specific gravity; a lactometer.

Gal`ac*toph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to eat: cf. &?; to
live on milk.] One who eats, or subsists on, milk.

Gal`ac*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. galactophade.] Feeding on
milk.

Gal`ac*toph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to bear: cf.
F. galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.] (Anat.) Milk-carrying; lactiferous;
-- applied to the ducts of mammary glands.

Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; capable of
making; fr. &?; to make.] (Med.) Increasing the flow of milk;
milk-producing. -- n. A galactopoietic substance.

Ga*lac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6,
isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar,
and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called
also lactose (though it is not lactose proper).

Ga*lage" (?), n. (Obs.) See Galoche. Spenser.

Ga*la"go (?), n.; pl. Galagos (#). [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
African lemurs, including numerous species.

The grand galago (Galago crassicaudata) is about the size of a cat; the
mouse galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a mouse.

{ Ga*lan"ga (?), Ga*lan"gal (?) }, n.[OE. galingale, OF. galingal,
garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj&?;n. ]
The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese
species of Alpinia (A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the KÊmpferia
Galanga), -- all of the Ginger family.

Gal"an*tine (? or ?), n. [F. galantine.] A dish of veal, chickens, or
other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold.
Smart.

Gal"a*pee` tree" (?), (Bot.) The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a
tree with very large digitate leaves.

Ga*la"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A
native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the
Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.

Gal"ax*y (?), n.; pl. Galaxies (#). [F. galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr.
&?; (sc. &?; circle), fr. &?;, &?;, milk; akin to L. lac. Cf. Lacteal.]

1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen
at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of
innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only
with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters
of stars. Nichol.

2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.

{ Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num (?), } n. [L. galbanum, Gr. &?;, prob. from Heb.
klekb'n&?;h: cf. F. galbanum.] A gum resin exuding from the stems of
certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The
Bubon Galbanum of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum.
It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used
for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of
varnish.

Gale (gl), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel.
galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song,
witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel. gjla
gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell.] 1. A strong current of air; a
wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are
called tempests.

Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen ("moderate") to about
eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris.

2. A moderate current of air; a breeze.

    A little gale will soon disperse that cloud.


Shak.

    And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft
    wings.


Milton.

3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity.

    The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New
    England, is sometimes called a gale.


Brooke (Eastford).

Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant
sails.

Gale (?), v. i. (Naut.) To sale, or sail fast.

Gale, n. [OE. gal. See Gale wind.] A song or story. [Obs.] Toone.

Gale, v. i. [AS. galan. See 1st Gale.] To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and
gale." Court of Love.

Gale, n. [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry.
The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America.

Gale, n. [Cf. Gabel.] The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley &
W.

Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due.

||Ga"le*a (?), n. [L., a helmet.] 1. (Bot.) The upper lip or
||helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.

2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the head.

3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all over the head.

4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped
shell.

5. (Zoˆl.) The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the
maxillae in certain insects.

Gal"e*as (?), n. See Galleass.

{ Ga"le*ate (?), Ga"le*a`ted (?), } a. [L. galeatus, p. p. of galeare
helmet.] 1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a
helmet.

2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower,
etc.; helmet-shaped.

||Ga"le*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr. &?;
||a kind of shark.] (Zoˆl.) That division of elasmobranch fishes which
||includes the sharks.

Ga*le"na (?), n.[L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting
lead: cf. F. galËne sulphide of lead ore, antidote to poison, stillness
of the sea, calm, tranquility.]

1. (Med.) A remedy or antidote for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr.

2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish
gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and
cleavage.

False galena. See Blende.

Ga*len"ic (?), Ga*len"ic*al (&?;), a. Pertaining to, or containing,
galena.

Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al, a. [From Galen, the physician.] Relating to
Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases. Dunglison.

Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy which relates to the
preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished
from those which are chemically prepared.

Ga"len*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Galen.

Ga*len*ist, n. A follower of Galen.

Ga*le"nite (?), n. (Min.) Galena; lead ore.

||Ga`le*o*pi*the"cus (g`l**p*th"ks), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gale`h a weasel +
||pi`qhkos an ape.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly
||called flying lemurs. See Colugo.

Gal`er*ic"u*late (?), a. [L. galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or cap,
fr. galea helmet.] Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart.

Gal"er*ite (?), n. [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. galÈrite.] (Paleon.)
A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites.

Ga*li"cian (?), a. [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus,
Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.] Of or pertaining to
Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland. -- n.
A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan.

Gal`i*le"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean
telescope. See Telescope.

Gal`i*le"an (?), a. [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. &?;: cf.
F. galilÈen.] Of or relating to Galilee.

Gal`i*le"an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern
province of Palestine under the Romans.

2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the
payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite.

3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans
and Pagans. Byron.

Gal"i*lee (?), n. [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the
scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galilÈe.] (Arch.) A porch
or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the
monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid
previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to
whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently
applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals.
Gwilt.

Gal`i*ma"tias (?), n. [F.] Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning
talk; confused mixture.

    Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries.


Walpole.

Gal"in*gale (?), n. [See Galangal.] (Bot.) A plant of the Sedge family
(Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same
genus. Chaucer.

    Meadow, set with slender galingale.


Tennyson.

Gal"i*ot (?), n. [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.) (a) A
small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for
speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and
sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch
merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff
mainsail.

Gal"i*pot (?), n. [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch
tree.] An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine
trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When
purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy pitch.

Gall (gl), n.[OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG.
galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. &?;, and prob. to
E. yellow. &radic;49. See Yellow, and cf. Choler] 1. (Physiol.) The
bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the
liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with
that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.

2. The gall bladder.

3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.

    He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail.


Lam. iii. 5.

    Comedy diverted without gall.


Dryden.

4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang]

Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall,
is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of
Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the
cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious
fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an
herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves,
usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.

Gall (?), n. [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zoˆl.) An
excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or
their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and
Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The
larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc.
See Gallnut.

The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the
genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of
Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are
used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black
dye, as well as in medicine.

Gall insect (Zoˆl.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge
(Zoˆl.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak,
the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. --
Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted
crown glass; -- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure. -- Gall wasp.
(Zoˆl.) See Gallfly.

Gall, v. t. (Dyeing) To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.

Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] [OE.
gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a
disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of
uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.] 1. To fret and wear away by
friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure
the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to
gall a mast or a cable.

    I am loth to gall a new-healed wound.


Shak.

2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm.

    They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh.


Shak.

3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the
shot of the enemy.

    In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with
    our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their
    arrows.


Addison.

Gall, v. i. To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.

Gall, n. A wound in the skin made by rubbing.

Gal"lant (?), a. [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice,
akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf.
OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS.
g&?;l wanton, wicked, OS. g&?;l merry, Goth. gailjan to make to
rejoice, or perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala, Galloon.]

1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well- dressed.

    The town is built in a very gallant place.


Evelyn.

    Our royal, good and gallant ship.


Shak.

2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high- spirited; courageous;
heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer.

    That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds.


Shak.

    The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave.


Waller.

Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an
inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a
spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher,
denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A
courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant
man dashes into the midst of the conflict.

Gal*lant" (?; 277), a. Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to
women; chivalrous.

Gal*lant" (?; 277), n. 1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay, fashionable
man; a young blood. Shak.

2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.

3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer.
Addison.

In the first sense it is by some orthoÎpists (as in Shakespeare)
accented on the first syllable.

Gal*lant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallanting.] 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies
to the play.

2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan.
[Obs.] Addison.

Gal*lant"ly (?), adv. In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or
wooer.

Gal"lant*ly (?), adv. In a gallant manner.

Gal"lant*ness (?), n. The quality of being gallant.

<! p. 609 !>

Gal"lant*ry (?), n.; pl. Gallantries (#). [F. galanterie.] 1. Splendor
of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic]

    Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk
    whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver.


Fuller.

2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry.

3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bad sense, attention or
courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of
principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.

4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.]

    Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy.


Shak.

Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism.

Gal"late (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.) A
salt of gallic acid.

Gal"la*ture (?; 135), n. [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zoˆl.) The tread,
treadle, or chalasa of an egg.

Gal"le*ass (?; 135), n. [F. galÈasse, galÈace; cf. It. galeazza, Sp.
galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.) A large galley,
having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a
vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th
centuries. See Galleon, and Galley. [Written variously galeas, gallias,
etc.]

"The galleasses . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and
rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an
enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure
almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships."
Motley.

{ Gal*le"gan (gl*l"gan), Gal*le"go (gl*l"g or g*ly"g), } n. [Sp.
Gallego.] A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.

Gal"le*Ôn (?), n. [Pyrogallol + phthaleÔn.] (Chem.) A red crystalline
dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.

Gal"le*on (?), n. [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio. See
Galley.] (Naut.) A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries,
often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The
term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing
vessel.

    The galleons . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with
    bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern,
    like castles.


Motley.

Gal"le*ot (?), n. (Naut.) See Galiot.

Gal"ler*y (?), n.; pl. Galleries (#). [F. galerie, It. galleria, fr.
LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf.
OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant, a.] 1. A
long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting
passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or
passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.

2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery;
hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures,
etc.

3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public
hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns;
-- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators,
sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall.

4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or
quarter of a ship, and hence called stern gallery or quarter gallery,
-- seldom found in vessels built since 1850.

5. (Fort.) Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at
the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive gallery.

6. (Mining) A working drift or level.

Whispering gallery. See under Whispering.

Gal"le*tyle (?), n. [OE. gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.] A little tile of
glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle." Bacon.

Gal"ley (?), n.; pl. Galleys (#). [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF. galie,
galÈe, LL. galea, LGr. &?;; of unknown origin.] 1. (Naut.) A vessel
propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a) A
large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle
Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name given by analogy to the
Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A light,
open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and
also for pleasure. (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of- war.

The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two
hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or
three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern,
and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very
efficient in mediaeval warfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half
galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type.

2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; --
sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.

3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a
gallery furnace.

4. [F. galÈe; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An
oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type
which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken
from type while on a galley; a galley proof.

Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to
work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave."
Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large
galley. Knight.

Gal"ley-bird` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) The European green
woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]

Gal"ley-worm` (?), n. [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along
the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zoˆl.) A
chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus, and allied genera, having
numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See
Chilognatha.

Gall"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gallflies (&?;). (Zoˆl.) An insect that deposits
its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of
the genus Cynips and allied genera. See Illust. of Gall.

Gal`li*am"bic (?), a. [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of
Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.)
Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks
the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.

Gal"li*an (?), a. [See Gallic.] Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak.

Gal"liard (?), a. [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf.
Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton, lascivious.]
Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]

Gal"liard, n. A brisk, gay man. [Obs.]

    Selden is a galliard by himself.


Cleveland.

Gal"liard, n. [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard, a.] A gay,
lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde.

    Never a hall such a galliard did grace.


Sir. W. Scott.

Gal`liard*ise (?), n. [F. gaillardise. See Galliard, a.] Excessive
gayety; merriment. [Obs.]

    The mirth and galliardise of company.


Sir. T. Browne.

Gal"liard*ness, n. Gayety. [Obs.] Gayton.

Gal"li*ass (?), n. Same as Galleass.

Gal"lic (?), a. [From Gallium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing,
gallium.

Gal"lic (277), a. [From Gall the excrescence.] Pertaining to, or
derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like.

Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely distributed in the
vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc.,
and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance,
C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing
agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin,
and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate
of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink.

Gal"lic (?), a. [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the
Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.] Pertaining to Gaul or
France; Gallican.

Gal"li*can (?), a. [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.] Of or pertaining
to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the Gallican church or clergy.

Gal"li*can, n. An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley.

Gal"li*can*ism (?), n. The principles, tendencies, or action of those,
within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought
to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power
of the national church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

Gal"li*cism (?), n. [F. gallicisme.] A mode of speech peculiar to the
French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.

Gal"li*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallicizing (?).] To conform to the French mode or idiom.

Gal"lied (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham.
Nav. Encyc.

Gal"li*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in
structure.

Gal`li*gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco Grecian,
a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been
afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.] Loose
hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and
often in a jocose sense.

||Gal`li*ma"ti*a (? or ?), n. Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See
||Galimatias.

Gal`li*mau"fry (?), n.; pl. Gallimaufries (#). [F. galimafrÈe a sort of
ragout or mixed hash of different meats.] 1. A hash of various kinds of
meats, a ragout.

    Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat.


King.

2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.

    The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many,
    partakes much of the Jewish.


South.

Gal"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance obtained by the reduction of
galleÔn.

||Gal"li*nace*ae (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Gallinae.

Gal`li*na"cean (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous
birds.

Gal`li*na"ceous (?), a.[L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus
cock.] (Zoˆl.) Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or
pertaining to the Gallinae.

||Gal*li"nae (?), n.; pl. [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.]
||(Zoˆl.) An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls,
||pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called
||Rasores.

Gall"ing (?), a. Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing;
irritating. -- Gall"ing*ly, adv.

Gal"li*nip`per (?), n. A large mosquito.

Gal"li*nule (?), n. [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf. F.
gallinule.] (Zoˆl.) One of several wading birds, having long, webless
toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are
remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The
purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old
World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula
chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail, moor coot,
night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the
Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata).

The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly believed
to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that reason, chiefly,
it was commonly domesticated by the ancients.

Gal"li*ot (?), n. See Galiot.

Gal*lip"o*li oil` (?). An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from
Gallipoli, in Italy.

Gal"li*pot (?), n. [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part of which is
possibly akin to E. glad. See Glad, and Pot.] A glazed earthen pot or
vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines,
etc.

Gal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.) A rare metallic
element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable,
resembling aluminium, and remarkable for its low melting point (86∞ F.,
30∞ C). Symbol Ga. Atomic weight 69.9.

The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name
ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the
Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery by the
French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two
violet lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees.

Gal"li*vant (?), v. i. [From Gallant.] To play the beau; to wait upon
the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.
[Slang] Dickens.

Gal"li*vat (?), n.[Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.]
(Naut.) A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the
Malabar coast. A. Chalmers.

Gal"li*wasp` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A West Indian lizard
(Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by the natives to be
venomous.

Gall"nut` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A round gall produced on the leaves and
shoots of various species of the oak tree. See Gall, and Nutgall.

Gal`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [L. Galli Gauls + mania madness.] An excessive
admiration of what is French. -- Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac (#), n.

Gal"lon (?), n. [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a liquid
measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.] A measure of
capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid
measure, but sometimes in dry measure.

The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or
8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density,
and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent
to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and
is the same as the old English wine gallon. The beer gallon, now little
used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English
imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at
62&?; of Fahrenheit, and barometer at 30 inches, equal to 277.274 cubic
inches.

Gal*loon" (?), n. [From F. or Sp. galon. See Gala. ] 1. A narrow
tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., -- sometimes made
ornamental.

2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold lace.

    Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gewgaws.


Addison.

Gal*looned` (?), a. Furnished or adorned with galloon.

Gal"lop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Galloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Galloping.] [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed
Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS. gehle·pan to leap, dance,
fr. root of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop. See
Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.] 1. To move or run in the mode called a
gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed.

    But gallop lively down the western hill.


Donne.

<! p. 610 !>

2. To ride a horse at a gallop.

3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination.

    Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it.


Locke.

Gal"lop (?), v. t. To cause to gallop.

Gal"lop, n. [Cf. F. galop. See Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.] A mode of
running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately
the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds.

Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop.

Gal"lo*pade` (?), n. [F. galopade. See Gallop, n.] 1. I horsemanship, a
sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.

2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.

Gal`lo*pade" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallopading.] 1. To gallop, as on horseback.

2. To perform the dance called gallopade.

Gal"lop*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, gallops.

2. (Mil.) A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted,
the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber. Farrow.

Galloper gun, a light gun, supported on a galloper, -- formerly
attached to British infantry regiments.

Gal"lo*pin (?), n.[F. galopin. See Gallop, v. i.] An under servant for
the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Gal"lop*ing (?), a. Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a
galloping horse.

Gal`lo*tan"nic (?), a. [Gall nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to
the tannin or nutgalls.

Gallotannic acid. See Tannic acid, under Tannic.

Gal"low (?), v. t. [Cf. AS. gelwan to stupefy.] To fright or terrify.
See Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak.

Gal"lo*way (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway,
Scotland; -- called also garran, and garron.

Gal"low*glass` (?), n. [Ir. galloglach. Cf. Gillie.] A heavy-armed foot
soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward &?;
Shak.

Gal"lows (?), n. sing.; pl. Gallowses (#) or Gallows. [OE. galwes, pl.,
AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg gallows, OS. & OHG.
galgo, G. galgen, Icel. glgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a cross.
Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun in the
plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by
a; as, a gallows.] 1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with
which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two
upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for
suspending anything.

    So they hanged Haman on the gallows.


Esther vii. 10.

    If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows.


Shak.

    O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses!


Shak.

2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak.

3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan when raised.

4. pl. A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.]

Gallows bird, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows
bitts (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for
supporting spare spars; -- called also gallows, gallows top, gallows
frame, etc. -- Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an
engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts. -- Gallows, or Gallow tree, the
gallows.

    At length him nailÈd on a gallow tree.


Spenser.

Gall"stone` (?), n. A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall
bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.

Gal"ly (?), v. t. [See Gallow, v. t.] To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.

Gall"y (?), a. Like gall; bitter as gall. Cranmer.

Gal"ly (?), n. See Galley, n., 4.

Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl. See Galligaskins.

Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (&?;), [OE. galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F.
galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL.
calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr. &?;, dim. of
&?;, &?;, a shoemaker's last; &?; wood + &?; foot.] 1. A clog or
patten. [Obs.]

    Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche.


Chaucer.

2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.

3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part
of the leg.

Ga*loot" (?), n. A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy.
[Slang, U. S.]

Gal"op (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also,
the music to the dance.

Ga*lore" (?), n. & a. [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu leÚr,
enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix + leÚr, leÚir, enough; or fr.
Ir. goleor, the same word.] Plenty; abundance; in abundance.

Ga*loshe" (?), n. Same as Galoche.

Galpe (?), v. i. To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gal"some (?), a. [Gall bitterness + some.] Angry; malignant. [Obs.] Bp.
Morton.

Galt (?), n. [See Gault.] Same as Gault.

Gal*van"ic (?), a. [From Galvani, a professor of physiology at Bologna,
on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of
dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.] Of or pertaining
to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing
electrical currents.

Galvanic battery (Elec.), an apparatus for generating electrical
currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; -- now
usually called voltaic battery. See Battery. -- Galvanic circuit or
circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit. -- Galvanic pile (Elec.), the
voltaic pile. See under Voltaic.

Gal"va*nism (?), n. [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.]
(Physics) (a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain
liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The branch of physical
science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and
effects of electrical currents.

The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now
rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of Volta, is
commonly used.

Gal"va*nist (?), n. One versed in galvanism.

Gal"va*niza`tion (?), n. The act of process of galvanizing.

Gal"va*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized (?); p pr. & vb. n.
Galvanizing (?).] [Cf. F. galvaniser.] 1. To affect with galvanism; to
subject to the action of electrical currents.

2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity.

3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of
suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious
animation or activity.

4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron.

Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical
deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a
bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction
with the aid of dilute acid.

Gal"va*ni`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, galvanize.

Gal*van`o*caus"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + caustic.] Relating to the use of
galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine.

Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y (?), n. (Med.) Cautery effected by a knife or
needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current.

Gal`va*nog"ly*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. &?; to engrave.] Same as
Glyphography.

Gal*van"o*graph (?), n. [Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving) A copperplate
produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from
such a plate.

Gal*van`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to galvanography.

Gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + -graphy.] 1. The art or process
of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy.

2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without
etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as
engraved plates.

Gal`va*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who describes the phenomena of galvanism;
a writer on galvanism.

Gal`va*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Galvanic + -logy.] A treatise on galvanism, or
a description of its phenomena.

Gal`va*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanomËtre.]
(Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an
electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle.

Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. -- Sine
galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a
galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the
angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the
strength of the current passed through the instrument.

Gal*van`o*met"ric (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a
galvanometer.

Gal`va*nom"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring the force of
electric currents.

Gal*van`o*plas"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + -plastic.] Of or pertaining to
the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the
process of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a
medal or the like.

Gal*van"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Cf. F. galanoplastie.] The art or process of
electrotypy.

Gal*van`o*punc"ture (?), n. (Med.) Same as Electro-puncture.

Gal*van`o*scope (?), n. [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.]
(Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of
electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.

Gal*van`o*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.

Gal`va*nos"co*py (?), n. (Physiol.) The use of galvanism in
physiological experiments.

||Gal`va*not"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. galvanic + Gr. &?; to tone.]
||(Physiol.) Same as Electrotonus.

Gal`va*not"ro*pism (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. &?; to turn.] (Bot.) The
tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current.

Gal"wes (?), n. Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ga"ma grass` (?). [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.] (Bot.)
A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and exceedingly
productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern
States of North America as a forage grass; -- called also sesame grass.

Ga*mash"es (?), n. pl. [F. gamaches.] High boots or buskins; in
Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other
clothing.

||Gam"ba (?), n. A viola da gamba.

Gam*ba"does (?), n. pl. [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.] Same as
Gamashes.

    His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side
    with rusty clasps.


Sir W. Scott.

Gam"be*son (?), n. Same as Gambison.

Gam"bet (?), n. [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zoˆl.) Any bird of
the genuis Totanus. See Tattler.

Gam"bier (?), n. [Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of a plant
(Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and,
under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca
nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing. (b) Catechu. [Written also
gambeer and gambir.]

Gam"bi*son (?), n. [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais, of
German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba,
stomach. See Womb.] A defensive garment formerly in use for the body,
made of cloth stuffed and quilted.

Gam"bist (?), n. [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.) A performer upon the viola di
gamba. See under Viola.

Gam"bit (?), n. [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up. See
Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing) A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn
is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.

Gam"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling
(?).] [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.] To play or game for money or other
stake.

Gamble, v. t. To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away.
"Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames.

Gam"bler (?), n. One who gambles.

Gam*boge" (?), n. A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several
species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses,
or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, -- whence its name.
The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish
yellow. Taken internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic and
emetic. [Written also camboge.]

There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from species of
Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order GuttiferÊ. The best Siam
gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is
from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western India, yields gamboge, and
also a kind of oil called gamboge butter.

{ Gam*bo"gi*an (?), Gambogic (?), } a. Pertaining to, resembling, or
containing, gamboge.

Gam"bol (gm"bl), n. [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr.
It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe,
fr. L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. kamph` a binding, winding,
W., Ir. & Gael. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller
to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n., Gammon ham, Gambadoes.] A skipping or
leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank. Dryden.

Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled (?), or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gamboling or Gambolling.] To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk;
to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.

Gam"brel (?), n. [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel,
Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.] 1. The hind leg of a horse.

2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; - - used by butchers in
suspending slaughtered animals.

Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section in all parts,
with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each
gable is pentagonal in form.

Gam"brel v. t. To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl.

Gam*broon" (?), n. A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds.

Game (?), a. [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.] Crooked; lame; as,
a game leg. [Colloq.]

Game, n. [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS.,
OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf.
Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.] 1. Sport of any kind; jest,
frolic.

    We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game.


Shak.

2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for
amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance;
games of skill; field games, etc.

    But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not
    play at.


Cowper.

Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were
regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill
under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with
religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean,
and the Isthmian games.

3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single
contest; as, a game at cards.

    Talk the game o'er between the deal.


Lloyd.

4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of
points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short
whist five points are game.

5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point credited on the score to the
player whose cards counts up the highest.

6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose;
method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project.

    Your murderous game is nearly up.


Blackw. Mag.

    It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest
    literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack.


Saintsbury.

7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or
served at, table.

    Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the
    well-known appellation of game.


Blackstone.

Confidence game. See under Confidence. -- To make game of, to make
sport of; to mock. Milton.

Game, a. 1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock;
ready to fight to the last; plucky.

    I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the
    death.


W. Irving.

2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the
act or practice of hunting.

Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the
whole quantity of game taken. -- Game bird, any bird commonly shot for
food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the
shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and
sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds
hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game egg, an egg producing
a gamecock. -- Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of
taking game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver, a land owner who
regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its
increase. [Eng.] -- To be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit.
(b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] -- To die game, to maintain a
bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.

<! p. 611 !>

Game (gm), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed (gmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.]
[OE. gamen, game&?;en, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.]
1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English,
impersonally with dative. [Obs.]

    God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though
    him gamed or smarte.


Chaucer.

2. To play at any sport or diversion.

3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or
other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money
or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble.

Game"cock` (-kk`), n. (Zoˆl.) The male game fowl.

Game" fowl` (-foul`). (Zoˆl.) A handsome breed of the common fowl,
remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.

Game"ful (-fl), a. Full of game or games.

Game"keep`er (-kp`r), n. One who has the care of game, especially in a
park or preserve. Blackstone.

Game"less, a. Destitute of game.

Game"ly, adv. In a plucky manner; spiritedly.

Game"ness, n. Endurance; pluck.

Game"some (?), a. Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak.

    Gladness of the gamesome crowd.


Byron.

-- Game"some*ly, adv. -- Game"some*ness, n.

Game"ster (?), n. [Game + - ster.] 1. A merry, frolicsome person.
[Obs.] Shak.

2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a
stake; a gambler; one skilled in games.

    When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester
    is the soonest winner.


Shak.

3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak.

Gam"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage.] (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting
from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female
elements.

||Gam"in (?), n. [F.] A neglected and untrained city boy; a young
||street Arab.

    In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the
    Chinaman.'


L. Oliphant.

Gam"ing (?), n. The act or practice of playing games for stakes or
wagers; gambling.

Gam"ma (?), n. The third letter (, &gamma; = Eng. G) of the Greek
alphabet.

Gam*ma"di*on (?), n. A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly
used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See
Fylfot.

Gam"mer (gm"mr), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr.
grammer for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.] An old wife; an old woman; --
correlative of gaffer, an old man.

Gam"mon (-mn), n. [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe.
See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.] The buttock or thigh of a hog, salted and
smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.

Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gammoned (-mnd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gammoning.] To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke. [1913 Webster]

Gam"mon, n. [See 2d Game.] 1. Backgammon.

2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]

Gam"mon, v. t. 1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an
antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw
any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person.

2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood.

Gam"mon, v. t. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit) to the
stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron.
Totten.

Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.) The lashing or iron band by
which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the
lifting action of the forestays.

Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having
the turns of rope crossed. -- Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut
through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning
the bowsprit.

Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 4th Gammon.] The act of imposing upon or hoaxing
a person. [Colloq.]

||Gam`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. &?; marriage + E. genesis.] (Biol.) The
||production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes;
||sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of agamogenesis.

Gam`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to gamogenesis. --
Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Gam`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?; marriage + &?; form, shape.] (Biol.)
That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the
reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for
propagating the species.

Gam`o*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage + E. petalous: cf. F.
gamopÈtale.] (Bot.) Having the petals united or joined so as to form a
tube or cup; monopetalous.

Ga*moph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Composed
of leaves united by their edges (coalescent). Gray.

Gam`o*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?; marriage + E. sepal.] (Bot.) Formed
of united sepals; monosepalous.

Gam"ut (?), n. [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is
fr. the name of the Greek letter &?;, which was used by Guido d'Arezzo
to represent the first note of his model scale. See Gamma, and Ut.]
(Mus.) The scale.

Gam"y (?), a. 1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept
uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high- flavored.

2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky;
furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout.

Gan (?), imp. of Gin. [See Gin, v.] Began; commenced.

Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound imperfects,
as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural
is usually denoted by gunne or gonne.

    This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion.


Chaucer.

    The little coines to their play gunne hie (i. e., hied).


Chaucer.

Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.

    Yet at her speech their rages gan relent.


Spenser.

Ganch (?), v. t. [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook, It.
gancio.] To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the
Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.

    Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there
    to hang until they die.


Sandys.

Gan"der (?), n. [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander, ganter,
and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.] The male of any species of goose.

Gane (?), v. i. [See Yawn.] To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ga*ne"sa (?), n. (Hind. Myth.) The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.

He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly
and the head of an elephant. Balfour.

Gang (?), v. i. [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel. ganga,
Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. &?;engti to walk, Skr. ja&?;gha leg. &radic;48.
Cf. Go.] To go; to walk.

Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of England,
and also in Scotland.

Gang, n. [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. gang a
going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.] 1. A going; a course.
[Obs.]

2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons
associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one
foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of
thieves.

3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting
together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of
plows.

4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays.

5. [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining) The mineral substance which incloses a vein;
a matrix; a gangue.

Gang board, or Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats
for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A
plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the
sentinel to walk on. -- Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water
aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. -- Gang cultivator, Gang
plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one
frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. -- Gang
days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week
(below). -- Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills
driven from a common shaft. -- Gang master, a master or employer of a
gang of workmen. -- Gang plank. See Gang board (above). -- Gang plow.
See Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang press, a press for operating upon
a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. -- Gang saw,
a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together
in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. -- Gang tide. See
Gang week (below). -- Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell.
-- Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to
survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell. -- Live gang, or Round gang,
the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for
cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight. -- Slabbing
gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log,
leaving the middle part as a thick beam.

Gang"er (?), n. One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew.

Gan*get"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the
Gangetic shark.

Gang"-flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) The common English milkwort (Polygala
vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior.

Gan"gion (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A short line attached to a trawl.
See Trawl, n.

{ Gan"gli*ac (?), Gan"gli*al (?), } a. (Anat.) Relating to a ganglion;
ganglionic.

{ Gan"gli*ate (?), Gan"gli*a`ted (?), } a. (Anat.) Furnished with
ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the sympathetic nervous system.

{ Gan"gli*form` (?), Gan"gli*o*form` (?), } a. [Ganglion + -form.]
(Anat.) Having the form of a ganglion.

Gan"gli*on (?), n.; pl. L. Ganglia (#), E. Ganglions (#). [L. ganglion
a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. &?;: cf.
F. ganglion.] 1. (Anat.) (a) A mass or knot of nervous matter,
including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of
a nerve. (b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic
ganglion.

2. (Med.) A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a
tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it;
-- called also weeping sinew.

Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See Illust. under Bipolar.

Gan"gli*on*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.) Ganglionic.

Gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.) Pertaining to,
containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a
ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of the spinal cord.

Gan"grel (?), a. [Cf. Gang, v. i.] Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

Gan"gre*nate (?), v. t. To gangrene. [Obs.]

Gan"grene (?), n. [F. gangrËne, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to
gnaw, eat; cf. Skr. gras, gar, to devour, and E. voracious, also
canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.) A term formerly restricted to
mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to
produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of
the soft parts in any stage.

Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gangrening.] [Cf. F. gangrÈner.] To produce gangrene in; to be affected
with gangrene.

Gan`gre*nes"cent (?), a. Tending to mortification or gangrene.

Gan"gre*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. gangrÈneux.] Affected by, or produced by,
gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.

Gangue (?), n. [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage. See
Gang, n.] (Mining) The mineral or earthy substance associated with
metallic ore.

Gang"way` (?), n. [See Gang, v. i.] 1. A passage or way into or out of
any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks.

2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house,
below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the
government or with the opposition.

3. (Naut.) The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which
persons enter or leave it.

4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the
booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed
the waist. Totten.

Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway.
-- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the
gangway.

Gan"il (?), n. [F.] A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan.

Gan"is*ter (?), Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.) A refractory material
consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay;
-- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing
roads.

Gan"ja (?), n. [Hind. gnjh.] The dried hemp plant, used in India for
smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.

Gan"net (?), n. [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck;
akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.] (Zoˆl.) One
of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the
pelicans.

The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called
solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is
commonly called gannet.

Booby gannet. See Sula.

||Gan`o*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; brightness + &?; head.]
||(Paleon.) A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts,
||having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some
||ganoid fishes.

Gan`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the
Ganocephala.

Ga"noid (?), a. [Gr. &?; brightness + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining
to Ganoidei. -- n. One of the Ganoidei.

Ganoid scale (Zoˆl.), one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed
of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They
are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail.

Ga*noid"al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Ganoid.

||Ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
||subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral
||intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of
||the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales;
||others have cycloid scales.

They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological
periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species,
most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir,
Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.

Ga*noid"i*an (?), a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Ganoid.

Ga"no*ine (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of
a ganoid scale.

Gan"sa (?), n. Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall.

Gant"let (?), n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for
gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane
+ lopp course, career, akin to lˆpa to run. See Gate a way, and Leap.]
A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to
run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he
passed.

To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to
go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or
ill-treatment at many hands.

    Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights.


Palfrey.

Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.

Gant"let, n. A glove. See Gauntlet.

Gant"line` (?), n. A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting
rigging; a girtline.

<! p. 612 !>

Gant"lope` (?), n. See Gantlet. [Obs.]

Gan"try (?), n. See Gauntree.

Gan"za (?), n. [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See Gannet,
Goose.] A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled
to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson.

Gaol (?), n. [See Jail.] A place of confinement, especially for minor
offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the
United States usually, written jail.]

Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges
and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in
jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for
holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to
indict. [Eng.] -- Gaol delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail.

Gaol"er (?), n. The keeper of a jail. See Jailer.

Gap (?), n. [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth,
breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj.,
wide, spacious. See Gape.] An opening in anything made by breaking or
parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an
opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a
hiatus; a mountain pass.

    Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap.


Knolles.

    It would make a great gap in your own honor.


Shak.

Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to
admit of turning a short object of large diameter. -- To stand in the
gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make
defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen
defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to
repair a defect.

Gap, v. t. 1. To notch, as a sword or knife.

2. To make an opening in; to breach.

    Their masses are gapp'd with our grape.


Tennyson.

Gape (?; in Eng, commonly ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped (? or ?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D.
gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to
snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.] 1. To open the mouth wide; as:
(a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden.(b)
Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn.

    She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to
    rise.


Swift.

(c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation,
etc.

    With gaping wonderment had stared aghast.


Byron.

(d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome.

    They have gaped upon me with their mouth.


Job xvi. 10.

2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus.

    May that ground gape and swallow me alive!


Shak.

3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for,
after, or at.

    The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes.


Denham.

Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.

Gape, n. 1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison.

2. (Zoˆl.) The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes,
etc.

The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and
other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic
nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs
the breathing. See Gapeworm.

Gap"er (?), n. 1. One who gapes.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible clam
(SchizothÊrus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; -- called also gaper
clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to
the broadbills.

Gape"seed` (?), n. Any strange sight. Wright.

Gapes"ing (? or ?), n. Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]

Gape"worm` (? or ?), n. (Zoˆl.) The parasitic worm that causes the
gapes in birds. See Illustration in Appendix.

Gap"ing*stock` (? or ?), n. One who is an object of open-mouthed
wonder.

    I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers.


Godwin.

Gap"-toothed` (?), a. Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden.

Gar (?), n. [Prob. AS. gr dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to
the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf.
Goad, Gore, v.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the genera
Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar
(under Alligator), and Gar pike.

Gar pike, or Garpike (Zoˆl.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the
genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers
of temperate and tropical America.

Gar, v. t. [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.] To cause; to make. [Obs. or
Scot.] Spenser.

Gar"an*cin (?; 104), n. [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.] (Chem.) An
extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of
alizarin.

Garb (?), n. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG.
garaw, garw, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.] 1. (a)
Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any
person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a
clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman
in the 16th century.

2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character;
looks; fashion or manner, as of speech.

    You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb,
    he could not therefore handle an English cudgel.


Shak.

Garb (?), n. [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf. Skr.
grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.) A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless
otherwise specified).

Garb, v. t. To clothe; array; deck.

    These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely.


Tennyson.

Gar"bage (?; 48), n. [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is
purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG.
garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for
garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb
sheaf.] Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or
vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting,
or loathsome. Grainger.

Gar"bage, v. t. To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are
garbaged." Holland.

Garbed (?), a. Dressed; habited; clad.

Gar"bel (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Garboard.

Gar"bel, n. [Cf. Garble, v. t.] Anything sifted, or from which the
coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.]

Gar"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Garbling.] [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to
examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp.
garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of
cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or
perh. rather from Ar. gharbl, gharbil, sieve.] 1. To sift or bolt, to
separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless
parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.]

2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to
pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.

Gar"ble, n. 1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott.

2. pl. Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called
garblings.

Gar"bler (?), n. One who garbles.

Gar"board (?), n. (Naut.) One of the planks next the keel on the
outside, which form a garboard strake.

Garboard strake or streak, the first range or strake of planks laid on
a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten.

Gar"boil (?), n. [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of
uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E.
boil.] Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak.

||Gar*cin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the
||mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the
||Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.

Gard (?), n. [See Garde, Yard] Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F.
Beaumont.

Gard, v. & n. See Guard.

Gar"dant (?), a. [F. See Guardant.] (Her.) Turning the head towards the
spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast.

Gar"den (g‰r"d'n; 277), n. [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin,
of German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See
Yard an inclosure.] 1. A piece of ground appropriated to the
cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.

2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country.

    I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great
    Italy.


Shak.

Garden is often used adjectively or in self- explaining compounds; as,
garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or
gardenhouse.

Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden
engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. -- Garden
glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of
dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding
objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. -- Garden
house (a) A summer house. Beau. & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] --
Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits,
vegetables, etc., for sale. -- Garden mold or mould, rich, mellow earth
which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast nail used,
for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. -- Garden net, a net for
covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. --
Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or
garden attached to a private residence. -- Garden plot, a plot
appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. -- Garden pump, a
garden engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears, large shears, for
clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. - - Garden spider, (Zoˆl.),
the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe
and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and
Spider web. -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. -- Garden stuff,
vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden syringe, a syringe
for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying
insects, etc. -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market.
[Colloq.] -- Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. -- Bear
garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging garden.
See under Hanging. -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are
cultivated for household use. -- Market garden, a piece of ground where
vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.

Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.]
To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice
horticulture.

Gar"den, v. t. To cultivate as a garden.

Gar"den*er (?), n. One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.

||Garde"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of
||which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so
||called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden.

Gar"den*ing (?), n. The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating
gardens; horticulture.

Gar"den*less (?), a. Destitute of a garden. Shelley.

Gar"den*ly (?), a. Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall.

Gar"den*ship, n. Horticulture. [Obs.]

Gar"don (?), n. [F] (Zoˆl.) A European cyprinoid fish; the id.

Gar`dy*loo" (?), n. [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.] An old cry in
throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in Edingburgh. Sir. W.
Scott.

Gare (?), n. [Cf. Gear.] Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount.

Gare"fowl` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The great auk; also, the razorbill. See Auk.
[Written also gairfowl, and gurfel.]

Gar"fish` (?), n. [See Gar, n.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A European marine fish
(Belone vulgaris); -- called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone,
gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike.
(b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of
which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T.
CaribbÊus, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; --
called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European
garfish are also applied to the American species.

Gar"ga*lize (?), v. t. [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] To gargle; to rinse.
[Obs.] Marston.

Gar"ga*ney (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small European duck (Anas querquedula); --
called also cricket teal, and summer teal.

Gar*gan"tu*an (?; 135), a. [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of
Rabelais.] Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful
personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.

Gar"ga*rism (?), n. [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.]
(Med.) A gargle.

Gar"ga*rize (?), v. t. [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr. &?;.] To gargle; to
rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.] Bacon.

Garget (?), n. [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf. Gorge.
The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.] 1. The throat. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an
inflammation of the mammary glands.

3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite.
Youatt.

4. (Bot.) See Poke.

Gar"gil (?), n. [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.] A distemper in geese, affecting
the head.

Gar"gle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle.

Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling
(&?;).] [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle,
Gurgle.] 1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the
latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an
expulsion of air from the lungs.

2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller.

Gar"gle, n. A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to
cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.

Gar"gol (?), n. [Cf. Gargil.] A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer.

||Gar`gou*lette" (?), n. [F.] A water cooler or jug with a handle and
||spout; a gurglet. Mollett.

Gar"goyle (?), n. [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. g·rgola, prob.
fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L. gargarizare to
gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.) A spout
projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved
grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]

Gar"gyle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle.

Ga`ri*bal"di (?), n. 1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its
resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot
Garibaldi.

2. (Zoˆl.) A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep
scarlet color.

Gar"ish (?), a. [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf.
gairish.] 1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting
attention. "The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish
colors." Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman.

    Garish like the laughters of drunkenness.


Jer. Taylor.

2. Gay to extravagance; flighty.

    It makes the mind loose and garish.


South.

-- Gar"ish*ly, adv. -- Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.

Gar"land (?), n. [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande; of
uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG. wieren
to adorn.]

1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon.

2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and
sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a
coronal; a wreath. Pope.

<! p. 613 !>

3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak.

4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology.

    They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under
    the name of garlands.


Percy.

5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision
in. (b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in
handling.

Gar"land (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Garlanding.] To deck with a garland. B. Jonson.

Gar"land*less, a. Destitute of a garland. Shelley.

Gar"lic (?), n. [OE. garlek, AS. grle·c; gar spear, lance + le·c leek.
See Gar, n., and Leek.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Allium (A.
sativum is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very
strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of
several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common
membranous coat, and easily separable.

2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630).

Garlic mustard, a European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria
officinalis) which has a strong smell of garlic. -- Garlic pear tree, a
tree in Jamaica (CratÊva gynandra), bearing a fruit which has a strong
scent of garlic, and a burning taste.

Gar"lick*y (?), a. Like or containing garlic.

Gar"ment (?), n. [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr. garnir
to garnish. See Garnish.] Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown,
etc.

    No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment.


Matt. ix. 16.

Gar"ment*ed, p. a. Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a
garment. [Poetic]

    A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty.


Shelley.

Gar"men*ture (?), n. Clothing; dress.

Gar"ner (?), n. [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier, F.
grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf. Granary.]
A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.

Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.]
To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure.
Shak.

Gar"net (?), n. [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL.
granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many grains or
seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color
and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See Grain, and cf.
Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.) A mineral having many varieties differing
in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization
(isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The
commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness
greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the
common forms.

There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The
garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (grossularite,
essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia (pyrope), or
aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese (spessartite), or iron
lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite), or chromium lime
(ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are
used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients.
Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate.

Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; -- so called from its transparent
red color. -- Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as
an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster.
It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of
picric acid.

Gar"net, n. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) A tackle for hoisting cargo in
or out.

Clew garnet. See under Clew.

Gar`net*if"er*ous (?), a. [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing
garnets.

Gar"ni*er*ite (?), n. [Named after the French geologist Garnier.]
(Min.) An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of
nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.

Gar"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Garnishing.] [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide,
strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish,
garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG. warnn to provide, equip; akin to
G. wahren to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See
Wary, -ish, and cf. Garment, Garrison.] 1. To decorate with ornamental
appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish.

    All within with flowers was garnished.


Spenser.

2. (Cookery) To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as,
a dish garnished with parsley.

3. To furnish; to supply.

4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson.

5. (Law) To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See
Garnishee, v. t. Cowell.

Gar"nish, n. 1. Something added for embellishment; decoration;
ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or
decorated.

    So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy.


Shak.

    Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use.


Prior.

2. (Cookery) Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment.
See Garnish, v. t., 2. Smart.

3. Fetters. [Cant]

4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee
demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding.

Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head. Knight.

Gar`nish*ee" (?), n. (Law) One who is garnished; a person upon whom
garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor,
such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him
money.

The order by which warning is made is called a garnishee order.

Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Garnisheeing.] (Law) (a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by
garnishment; to garnish. (b) To attach (the fund or property sought to
be secured by garnishment); to trustee.

Gar"nish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, garnishes.

Gar"nish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee,
warning.] 1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton.

2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give
information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in
whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money
or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give
information as garnishee.

3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4.

Gar"ni*ture (?), n. [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.] That which
garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment; furniture; dress.

    The pomp of groves and garniture of fields.


Beattie.

||Ga*roo"kuh (?), n. A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian
||Gulf.

Ga"rous (?), a. [From Garum.] Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir
T. Browne.

Gar" pike` or Gar"pike`. (Zoˆl.) See under Gar.

Gar"ran (?), n. [Gael. garr·n, gearr·n, gelding, work horse, hack.]
(Zoˆl.) See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.]

Gar"ret (?), n. [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout, OF.
garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. guÈrite a place of refuge,
donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend, F.
guÈrir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect, defend,
hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to E. weir,
or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.] 1. A turret; a
watchtower. [Obs.]

    He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls.


Ld. Berners.

2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under
or within the roof; an attic.

    The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome.


Macaulay.

Gar"ret*ed, a. Protected by turrets. [Obs.] R. Carew.

Gar`ret*eer" (?), n. One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a
literary hack. Macaulay.

Gar"ret*ing (?), n. Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints
of coarse masonry. Weale.

Gar"ri*son (?), n. [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. & OE.
also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish.]
(Mil.) (a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. (b)
A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security.

In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as
one of a garrison.

Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garrisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Garrisoning.] (Mil.) (a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for
its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town.
(b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to
garrison a conquered territory.

Gar"ron (?), n. Same as Garran. [Scot.]

Gar"rot (?), n. [F. Cf. Garrote.] (Surg.) A stick or small wooden
cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the
arteries of a limb.

Gar"rot, n. (Zoˆl.) The European golden-eye.

Gar*rote" (?), n. [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic
origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf. Garrot stick, Garter.]
A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar
affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct;
also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is inflicted.

Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n. Garroting.] To
strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind,
with a view to strangle and rob.

Gar*rot"er (?), n. One who seizes a person by the throat from behind,
with a view to strangle and rob him.

Gar*ru"li*ty (?), n. [L. garrulitas: cf. F. garrulitÈ.] Talkativeness;
loquacity.

Gar"ru*lous (?), a. [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf. Gr.
&?; voice, &?; to speak, sing. Cf. Call.] 1. Talking much, especially
about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious.

    The most garrulous people on earth.


De Quincey.

2. (Zoˆl.) Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; as, the
garrulous roller.

Syn. -- Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A garrulous person indulges
in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details;
talkative implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious a great
flow of words at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman is
loquacious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous.

-- Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv. -- Gar"ru*lous*ness, n.

Gar*ru"pa (?), n. [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the fish.]
(Zoˆl.) One of several species of California market fishes, of the
genus Sebastichthys; -- called also rockfish. See Rockfish.

Gar"ter (?), n. [OE. gartier, F. jarretiËre, fr. OF. garet bend of the
knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See Garrote.]
1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg.

2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great
Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.;
also, the Order itself.

3. (Her.) Same as Bendlet.

Garter fish (Zoˆl.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat
body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter king-at-
arms, the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the
Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to Garter. -- Garter snake
(Zoˆl.), one of several harmless American snakes of the genus EutÊnia,
of several species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis); one of the
striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of color.

Gar"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gartered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gartering.] 1. To bind with a garter.

    He . . . could not see to garter his hose.


Shak.

2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton.

Garth (g‰rth), n. [Icel. garr yard. See Yard.] 1. A close; a yard; a
croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth.

    A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit.


Tennyson.

2. A dam or weir for catching fish.

Garth, n. [Girth.] A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]

||Ga"rum (g"rm), n. [L., fr. Gr. ga`ros.] A sauce made of small fish.
||It was prized by the ancients.

Gar"vie (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The sprat; -- called also garvie herring, and
garvock. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Gas (gs), n.; pl. Gases (-z). [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of
Brussels, who died in 1644.] 1. An aÎriform fluid; -- a term used at
first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to
fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc.,
in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a
reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed
permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has
resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any
substance in the elastic or aÎriform state.

2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most
important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen,
artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or
sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light
when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b)
Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable aÎriform fluid.

Gas is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter or
gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc.

Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some
volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so
saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and
heating agent. -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in
which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents. --
Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. -- Gas coal, a
bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile
matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating
gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the
piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion
of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas
and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas
flame or an electric spark. -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts
up fixtures for gas. -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas
fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into
a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device
for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-
burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal,
with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. -- Gas
generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in
which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which
air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor;
(c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for aÎrating
water, bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas. --
Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating
gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas
consumed in a given time, at a particular place. -- Gas retort, a
retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the
gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas stove, a stove for
cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. -- Gas tar, coal tar. -- Gas
trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5. -- Gas washer (Gas
Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in
contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar
remaining in it. Knight. -- Gas water, water through which gas has been
passed for purification; -- called also gas liquor and ammoniacal
water, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of
ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas well, a deep boring, from
which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. -- Gas works, a manufactory
of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is
generated for lighting cities. -- Laughing gas. See under Laughing. --
Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4,
produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic
substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in
stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of
ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin
series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. -- Natural
gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and
elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is
chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See
Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam
over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and
carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but
destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing
through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.

<! p. 614 !>

Gas`a*lier" (?), n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.] A
chandelier arranged to burn gas.

Gas"-burn`er (?), n. The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is
burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.

Gas"coines (?), n. pl. See Gaskins, 1. Lyly.

Gas"con (?; F. ?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or
to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. -- n. A native of Gascony;
a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade.

Gas`con*ade" (?), n. [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of
Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.] A boast or
boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift.

Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gasconading.] To boast; to brag; to bluster.

Gas`con*ad"er (?), n. A great boaster; a blusterer.

Gas"coynes (?), n. pl. Gaskins. Beau. & Fl.

Gas*e"i*ty (? or ?), n. State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc.

Gas"e*ous (? or ?; 277), a. [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.] 1. In the form,
or of the nature, of gas, or of an aÎriform fluid.

2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous
information." Sir J. Stephen.

Gash (gsh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed (gsht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gashing.] [For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer
to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum,
to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.]
To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to
incisions in flesh.

    Grievously gashed or gored to death.


Hayward.

Gash, n. A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and
depth, particularly in flesh.

Gash"ful (?), a. Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful,
horrid, ugly shape." Gayton.

Gas`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Gasify.] The act or process of converting
into gas.

Gas"i*form, a. Having a form of gas; gaseous.

Gas"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gasifying.] [Gas + -fy.] To convert into gas, or an aÎriform fluid, as
by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.

Gas"i*fy (?), v. i. To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous
state. Scientific American.

Gas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn,
garceta reef point.] 1. (Naut.) A line or band used to lash a furled
sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited
and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket.

2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the
steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing.

Gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Cf. Galligaskins.] 1. Loose hose or breeches;
galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds.

3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Gas"light` (?), n. 1. The light yielded by the combustion of
illuminating gas.

2. A gas jet or burner.

Gas"o*gen (?), n. [Gas + - gen.] 1. An apparatus for the generation of
gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a
volatile liquid.

2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging
illuminating gas.

Gas`o*lene (?), n. See Gasoline.

Gas`o*lier" (?), n. Same as Gasalier.

Gas"o*line (? or ?; 104), n. A highly volatile mixture of fluid
hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of
bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving
illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor.

Gas*om"e*ter (? or ?), n. [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazomËtre.] An
apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron
cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water,
in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it
contains, or the pressure required.

{ Gas`o*met"ric (? or ?), Gas`o*met"ric*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining
to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric analysis.

Gas*om"e*try (? or ?), n. The art or practice of measuring gases; also,
the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic
fluids. Coxe.

Gas"o*scope (?), n. [Gas + - scope.] An apparatus for detecting the
presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a
dwelling house.

Gasp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.]
[OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw.
g‰spa, Dan. gispe to gasp.] 1. To open the mouth wide in catching the
breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire
convulsively; to pant violently.

    She gasps and struggles hard for life.


Lloyd.

2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire.

    Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain.


Spenser.

Gasp, v. t. To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc.

    And with short sobs he gasps away his breath.


Dryden.

Gasp, n. The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath;
a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath.

At the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison.

Gas"per*eau (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The alewife. [Local, Canada]

Gas*se"ri*an (?), a. Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover
of the Gasserian ganglion.

Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large ganglion, at the root of the
trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.

Gas"sing (?), n. 1. (Manuf.) The process of passing cotton goods
between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to
burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing.

2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang]

Gas"sy (?), a. Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full
of boastful or insincere talk.

Gast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten, g&?;sten to frighten, akin to Goth.
usgaisjan. See Aghast, Ghastly, and cf. Gaze.] To make aghast; to
frighten; to terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.

Gast"er (?), v. t. To gast. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

||Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; stomach + &?; a
||mushroom.] (Bot.) An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne
||inside a sac called the peridium, as in the puffballs.

Gas"ter*o*pod (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Gastropod.

||Gas`te*rop`o*da (?), n. pl. (Zoˆl.) Same as Gastropoda.

Gas`ter*op"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Same as Gastropodous.

Gast"ful, Gast"ly (&?;), a. [Obs.] See Ghastful, Ghastly.

Gas"tight` (?), a. So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas;
impervious to gas.

Gast"ness (?), n. See Ghastness. [Obs.]

||Gas*tor"nis (?), n. [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr.
||&?; bird.] (Paleon.) A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris
||basin.

||Gas*trÊ"a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, the stomach.] (Biol.) A
||primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to
||the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the
||first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered
||structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea
||constitutes the GastrÊa theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula.

||Gas*tral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; pain.]
||(Med.) Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.

Gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach: cf. F. gastrique.] Of,
pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the gastric artery.

Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the conversion of the albuminous portion
of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the
solvent action of gastric juice. -- Gastric fever (Med.), a fever
attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain
forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach
attended with fever. -- Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid,
with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained
in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute
hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important
digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods. -- Gastric
remittent fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with pronounced
stomach symptoms.

Gas*tril"o*quist (?), n. [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L. loqui to
speak.] One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.

Gas*tril"o*quous (?), a. Ventriloquous. [R.]

Gas*tril"o*quy (?), n. A voice or utterance which appears to proceed
from the stomach; ventriloquy.

||Gas*tri"tis (?), n. [NL., from. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + -itis.]
||(Med.) Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.

Gas"tro- (?). A combining form from the Gr. &?;, &?;, the stomach, or
belly; as in gastrocolic, gastrocele, gastrotomy.

Gas`troc*ne"mi*us (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; the calf of the leg.]
(Anat.) The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg.

Gas`tro*col"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both
the stomach and the colon; as, the gastrocolic, or great, omentum.

Gas`tro*disc (?), n. [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.) That part of blastoderm
where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the
epibladst.

Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal (?), a. [Gastro-  + -duodenal.] (Anat.) Pertaining
to the stomach and duodenum; as, the gastroduodenal artery.

Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most
frequent causes of jaundice.

Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr &?; sheath + &?; a
cutting] (Surg.) The operation of cutting into the upper part of the
vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the
purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the CÊsarean
operation, and less dangerous.

Gas`tro*en*te"ric (?), a. [Gastro-  + -enteric.] (Anat. & Med.)
Gastrointestinal.

||Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.]
||(Med.) Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the
||intestines.

Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic (?), a. [Gastro-  + -epiploic.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the stomach and omentum.

Gas`tro*he*pat"ic (?), a. [Gastro-  + -hepatic.] (Med.) Pertaining to
the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the gastrohepatic, or lesser,
omentum.

Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. &?; womb + &?; to cut.]
(Surg.) CÊsarean section. See under CÊsarean.

Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -intestinal.] (Anat. & Med.)
Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.

Gas`tro*lith (?), n. [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zoˆl.) See Crab's eyes, under
Crab.

Gas*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr &?;; &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; discourse: cf.
F. gastrologie.] The science which treats of the structure and
functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach.

||Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?;
||softness, fr. &?; soft.] (Med.) A softening of the coats of the
||stomach; -- usually a post- morten change.

Gas`tro*man"cy (?), n. [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F. gastromancy.] (Antiq.)
(a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from the
stomach. (b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or other
round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed
to appear by magic art.

||Gas`tro*my"ces (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?;, &?;, a
||fungus.] (Biol.) The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach;
||such as Torula, etc.

Gas"tro*myth (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. &?; to say, speak.] One whose voice
appears to proceed from the stomach; a ventriloquist. [Obs.]

{ Gas"tro*nome (?), Gas*tron"o*mer (?), } n. [F. gastronome, fr. Gr.
&?;, &?;, stomach + &?; law, &?; to distribute.] One fond of good
living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott.

Gas`tro*nom"ic (?), Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (&?;), a. [Cf. F. gastronomique.]
Pertaining to gastromony.

Gas*tron"o*mist (?), n. A gastromomer.

Gas*tron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. gastronomie.] The art or science
of good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.

Gas`tro*phren"ic (?), a. [Gastro-  + -phrenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to
the stomach and diaphragm; as, the gastrophrenic ligament.

Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Gastro-  + pneumatic.] (Anat.) Pertaining
to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities connected
with them; as, the gastropneumatic mucuos membranes.

Gas"tro*pod (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Gastropoda. [Written also
gasteropod.]

||Gas*trop"o*da (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + -poda.]
||(Zoˆl.) One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes
||most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water
||snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or
||foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or
||two pairs of tentacles. See Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.]

The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: (a) The
Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata,
Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura,
including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura,
including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.

Gas*trop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.

Gas*tror"a*phy (?), n. [Gr.&?;; &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; a sewing, fr.
&?; to sew: cf. F. gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.) The operation of sewing up
wounds of the abdomen. Quincy.

Gas"tro*scope (?), n. [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for
viewing or examining the interior of the stomach.

Gas`tro*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.

Gas*tros"co*py (?), n. (Med.) Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as
with the gastroscope.

Gas`tro*splen"ic (?), n. [Gastro-  + splenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to
the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic ligament.

Gas*tros"tege (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. &?; roof.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
large scales on the belly of a serpent.

Gas*tros"to*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. &?; mouth.] (Surg.) The operation
of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of
food.

Gas*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro + Gr. &?; to cut: cf. F. gastrotomie.]
(Surg.) A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.

||Gas*trot"ri*cha (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. &?; belly + &?;, &?;,
||hair.] (Zoˆl.) A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the
||ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one,
||related to rotifers and annelids.

||Gas*trot"ro*cha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; a
||wheel.] (Zoˆl.) A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral
||side.

Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar (?), a. [Gastro-  + -vascular.] (Zoˆl.) Having the
structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and
circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular cavity of cúlenterates.

||Gas"tru*la (?), n.; pl. GastrulÊ (#) [NL., dim. fr. Gr. &?; the
||stomach.] (Biol.) An embryonic form having its origin in the
||invagination or pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula
||(the blastosphere) on one side, thus giving rise to a double- walled
||sac, with one opening or mouth (the blastopore) which leads into the
||cavity (the archenteron) lined by the inner wall (the hypoblast). See
||Illust. under Invagination. In a more general sense, an ideal stage
||in embryonic development. See GastrÊa. -- a. Of or pertaining to a
||gastrula.

<! p. 615 !>

Gas`tru*la"tion (gs`tr*l"shn), n. (Biol.) The process of invagination,
in embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed.

||Gas*tru"ra (gs*tr"r), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gasth`r belly + o'yra`
||tail.] (Zoˆl.) See Stomatopoda.

Gas*tru"rous (-rs), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Gastrura.

Gat (gt), imp. of Get. [Obs.]

Gate (gt), n. [OE. et, eat, giat, gate, door, AS. geat, gat, gate,
door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. gat opening, hole, and perh. to E. gate
a way, gait, and get, v. Cf. Gate a way, 3d Get.] 1. A large door or
passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed field or place, or of
a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable structure of timber, metal,
etc., by which the passage can be closed.

2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier; or
the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also,
figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit.

    Knowest thou the way to Dover? Both stile and gate, horse way and
    footpath.


Shak.

    Opening a gate for a long war.


Knolles.

3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water
through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.

4. (Script.) The places which command the entrances or access; hence,
place of vantage; power; might.

    The gates of hell shall not prevail against it.


Matt. xvi. 18.

5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass
through or into.

6. (Founding) (a) The channel or opening through which metal is poured
into the mold; the ingate. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in the
opening; a sprue or sullage piece. [Written also geat and git.]

Gate chamber, a recess in the side wall of a canal lock, which receives
the opened gate. -- Gate channel. See Gate, 5. -- Gate hook, the
hook-formed piece of a gate hinge. -- Gate money, entrance money for
admission to an inclosure. -- Gate tender, one in charge of a gate, as
at a railroad crossing. -- Gate valva, a stop valve for a pipe, having
a sliding gate which affords a straight passageway when open. -- Gate
vein (Anat.), the portal vein. -- To break gates (Eng. Univ.), to enter
a college inclosure after the hour to which a student has been
restricted. -- To stand in the gate, or gates, to occupy places or
advantage, power, or defense.

Gate, v. t. 1. To supply with a gate.

2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an
earlier hour than usual.

Gate, n. [Icel. gata; akin to SW. gata street, lane, Dan. gade, Goth.
gatwˆ, G. gasse. Cf. Gate a door, Gait.] 1. A way; a path; a road; a
street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng. & Scot.]

    I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day
    flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate.


Sir W. Scott.

2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

Gat"ed (?), a. Having gates. Young.

Gate"house` (?), n. A house connected or associated with a gate.

Gate"less, a. Having no gate.

Gate"man (?), n. A gate keeper; a gate tender.

Gate"post` (?), n. 1. A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also
swinging or hinging post.

2. A post against which a gate closes; -- called also shutting post.

Gate"way` (?), n. A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a
frame, arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an
entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense.

Gate"wise` (?), adv. In the manner of a gate.

    Three circles of stones set up gatewise.


Fuller.

Gath"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gathering.] [OE. gaderen, AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr. gador, geador,
together, fr. gÊd fellowship; akin to E. good, D. gaderen to collect,
G. gatte husband, MHG. gate, also companion, Goth. gadiliggs a sister's
son. &radic;29. See Good, and cf. Together.]

1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into
one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to
congregate.

    And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty and her
    chivalry.


Byron.

    When he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the
    people together.


Matt. ii. 4.

2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to
collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck.

    A rose just gathered from the stalk.


Dryden.

    Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?


Matt. vii. 16.

    Gather us from among the heathen.


Ps. cvi. 47.

3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass;
to gain; to heap up.

    He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall
    gather it for him that will pity the poor.


Prov. xxviii. 8.

    To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by degrees.


Locke.

4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract; to
compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also, to
draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait;
as, to gather a ruffle.

    Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In act to speak, and
    graceful stretched his hand.


Pope.

5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion,
from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to
conclude.

    Let me say no more! Gather the sequel by that went before.


Shak.

6. To gain; to win. [Obs.]

    He gathers ground upon her in the chase.


Dryden.

7. (Arch.) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where
the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the
flue, or the like.

8. (Naut.) To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of a rope.

To be gathered to one's people, or to one's fathers to die. Gen. xxv.
8. -- To gather breath, to recover normal breathing after being out of
breath; to get breath; to rest. Spenser. -- To gather one's self
together, to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a
beast crouches preparatory to a leap. -- To gather way (Naut.), to
begin to move; to move with increasing speed.

Gath"er (?), v. i. 1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become
assembled; to congregate.

    When small humors gather to a gout.


Pope.

    Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and
    gather to the eyes.


Tennyson.

2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase.

    Their snowball did not gather as it went.


Bacon.

3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; as,
a boil has gathered.

4. To collect or bring things together.

    Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have
    not strewed.


Matt. xxv. 26.

Gath"er, n. 1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread
through it; a pucker.

2. (Carriage Making) The inclination forward of the axle journals to
keep the wheels from working outward.

3. (Arch.) The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in
gathering. See Gather, v. t., 7.

Gath"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible
from premises. [R.] Godwin.

Gath"er*er (?), n. 1. One who gathers or collects.

2. (Sewing Machine) An attachment for making gathers in the cloth.

Gath"er*ing, n. 1. The act of collecting or bringing together.

2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together; as: (a) A
crowd; an assembly; a congregation. (b) A charitable contribution; a
collection. (c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.

Gath"er*ing, a. Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or
concentrating.

Gathering board (Bookbinding), a table or board on which signatures are
gathered or assembled, to form a book. Knight. -- Gathering coal, a
lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about which kindling
wood is gathered in the morning. -- Gathering hoop, a hoop used by
coopers to draw together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops
to be slipped over them. -- Gathering peat. (a) A piece of peat used as
a gathering coal, to preserve a fire. (b) In Scotland, a fiery peat
which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery
cross was by the Highlanders.

Gat"ling gun` (&?;). [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.] An American
machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved
by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired.

The improved Gatling gun can be fired at the rate of 1,200 shots per
minute. Farrow.

Gat"ten tree` (?). [Cf. Prov. E. gatter bush.] (Bot.) A name given to
the small trees called guelder- rose (Viburnum Opulus), cornel (Cornus
sanguinea), and spindle tree (Euonymus EuropÊus).

Gat"-toothed` (?), a. [OE. gat goat + tooth. See Goat the animal.]
Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton. [Obs.]

||Gauche (gsh), n. [F.] 1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.

2. (Geom.) Winding; twisted; warped; - - applied to curves and
surfaces.

||Gauche`rie" (?), n. [F.] An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness.

||Gau"cho (gou"ch), n., pl. Gauchos (-chz) [Sp.] One of the native
||inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent. They live
||mostly by rearing cattle.

Gaud (?), n. [OE. gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary, fr. L.
gaudium joy, gladness. See Joy.] 1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket. "An idle gaud."
Shak.

Gaud, v. i. [Cf. F. se gaudir to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere. See Gaud, n.]
To sport or keep festival. [Obs.] "Gauding with his familiars. " [Obs.]
Sir T. North.

Gaud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauding.] To bedeck
gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint.
[Obs.] "Nicely gauded cheeks." Shak.

Gaud"-day` (?), n. See Gaudy, a feast.

Gaud"er*y (?), n. Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.]
"Tarnished gaudery." Dryden.

Gaud"ful (?), a. Joyful; showy. [Obs.]

Gaud"i*ly (?), adv. In a gaudy manner. Guthrie.

Gaud"i*ness, n. The quality of being gaudy. Whitlock.

Gaud"ish, a. Gaudy. "Gaudish ceremonies." Bale.

Gaud"less, a. Destitute of ornament. [R.]

Gaud"y (?), a. [Compar. Gaudier (?); superl. Gauidiest.] 1.
Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious.

    Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressed in fancy;
    rich, not gaudy.


Shak.

2. Gay; merry; festal. Tennyson.

    Let's have one other gaudy night.


Shak.

Gaud"y, n.; pl. Gaudies (#) [See Gaud, n.] One of the large beads in
the rosary at which the paternoster is recited. [Obs.] Gower.

Gaud"y, n. A feast or festival; -- called also gaud-day and gaudy day.
[Oxford Univ.] Conybeare.

Gaud"y*green` (?), a. or n. [OE. gaude grene.] Light green. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.

Gauf"fer (?), v. t. [F. gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet, and other
stuffs, fr. gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See Waffle,
Wafer, and cf. Goffer, Gopher an animal.] To plait, crimp, or flute; to
goffer, as lace. See Goffer.

Gauf"fer*ing (?), n. A mode of plaiting or fluting.

Gauffering iron, a kind of fluting iron for fabrics. -- Gauffering
press (Flower Manuf.), a press for crimping the leaves and petals into
shape.

||Gauf"fre (?), n. [See Gopher.] (Zoˆl.) A gopher, esp. the pocket
||gopher.

Gauge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gauging (?)]
[OF. gaugier, F. jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge, measuring rod, F. jauge;
of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. qualificare to determine
the qualities of a thing (see Qualify); but cf. also F. jalon a
measuring stake in surveying, and E. gallon.] [Written also gage.]

1. To measure or determine with a gauge.

2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a
pipe, barrel, or keg.

3. (Mech.) To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the
form of, as of a part of a gunlock.

    The vanes nicely gauged on each side.


Derham.

4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as
cloth or a garment.

5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to
judge of.

    You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night.


Shak.

Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an
instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard.

    This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal
    breadth by.


Moxon.

    There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds.


I. Taylor.

2. Measure; dimensions; estimate.

    The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt.


Burke.

3. (Mach. & Manuf.) Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the
dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button
maker's gauge.

4. (Physics) Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a
phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment;
-- usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a
steam gauge.

5. (Naut.) (a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference
to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the
windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it. (b)
The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. Totten.

6. The distance between the rails of a railway.

The standard gauge of railroads in most countries is four feet, eight
and one half inches. Wide, or broad, gauge, in the United States, is
six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding
standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called narrow
gauge. It varies from two feet to three feet six inches.

7. (Plastering) The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common
plaster to accelerate its setting.

8. (Building) That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed
to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates,
or tiles.

Gauge of a carriage, car, etc., the distance between the wheels; --
ordinarily called the track. -- Gauge cock, a stop cock used as a try
cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler.
-- Gauge concussion (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel flange
striking the edge of the rail. -- Gauge glass, a glass tube for a water
gauge. -- Gauge lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round object
having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet
or gauge. -- Gauge point, the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is
one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a
term used in gauging casks, etc. -- Gauge rod, a graduated rod, for
measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc. -- Gauge saw, a handsaw,
with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut. Knight. -- Gauge stuff, a
stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices, moldings, etc., by
means of a templet. -- Gauge wheel, a wheel at the forward end of a
plow beam, to determine the depth of the furrow. -- Joiner's gauge, an
instrument used to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a
board, etc. -- Printer's gauge, an instrument to regulate the length of
the page. -- Rain gauge, an instrument for measuring the quantity of
rain at any given place. -- Salt gauge, or Brine gauge, an instrument
or contrivance for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its
specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers. -- Sea gauge, an
instrument for finding the depth of the sea. -- Siphon gauge, a glass
siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, -- used to indicate pressure,
as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of
an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer. -- Sliding gauge. (Mach.) (a)
A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or
shape of certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles,
etc. (b) A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and
preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the working gauges. (c)
(Railroads) See Note under Gauge, n., 5. -- Star gauge (Ordnance), an
instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any
point of its length. -- Steam gauge, an instrument for measuring the
pressure of steam, as in a boiler. -- Tide gauge, an instrument for
determining the height of the tides. -- Vacuum gauge, a species of
barometer for determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the
condenser of a steam engine and the air. -- Water gauge. (a) A
contrivance for indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam
boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass. (b) The height of the water in the
boiler. -- Wind gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the
wind on any given surface; an anemometer. -- Wire gauge, a gauge for
determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also,
a standard of size. See under Wire.

<! p. 616 !>

Gauge"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gauged.

Gauged (?), p. a. Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge.

Gauged brick, brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape,
for arches or ornamental work. -- Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff, under
Gauge, n.

Gau"ger (?), n. One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to
ascertain the contents of casks.

Gau"ger-ship, n. The office of a gauger.

Gau"ging rod`. See Gauge rod, under Gauge, n.

Gaul (?), n. [F. Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus a Gaul.] 1. The
Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans included
France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).

2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.

Gaul"ish (?), a. Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.]

Gault (?), n. [Cf. Norw. gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard snow.]
(Geol.) A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England,
between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period.

||Gaul*the"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ericaceous shrubs with
||evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It includes the
||American winter- green (Gaultheria procumbens), and the
||larger-fruited salal of Northwestern America (Gaultheria Shallon).

Gaunt (?), a. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin
man, and W. gwan weak.] Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean;
meager; pinched and grim. "The gaunt mastiff." Pope.

    A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and fleshless
    across our land.


Nichols.

Gaunt"let (?), n. (Mil.) See Gantlet.

Gaunt"let (?), n. [F. gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL. wantus, of
Teutonic origin; cf. D. want, Sw. & Dan. vante, Icel. vˆttr, for
vantr.] 1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from
wounds.

The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes
of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to
it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates,
carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and
the inside of the fingers.

2. A long glove, covering the wrist.

3. (Naut.) A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying.

To take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge. -- To throw down the
gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was
thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who
accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.

Gaunt"lett*ed, a. Wearing a gauntlet.

Gaunt"ly, adv. In a gaunt manner; meagerly.

{ Gaun"tree (?), Gaun"try (?), } n. [F. chantier, LL. cantarium, fr. L.
canterius trellis, sort of frame.] 1. A frame for supporting barrels in
a cellar or elsewhere. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Engin.) A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other structure.
Knight.

||Gaur (gr or gour), n. [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) An East Indian species
||of wild cattle (Bibos gauris), of large size and an untamable
||disposition. [Spelt also gour.]

Gaure (gr), v. i. To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gauze (gz), n. [F. gaze; so called because it was first introduced from
Gaza, a city of Palestine.] A very thin, slight, transparent stuff,
generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire
gauze; cotton gauze.

Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening gauze.

Gauze, a. Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino
underclothing.

Gauz"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness. Ruskin.

Gauz"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as
gauze.

Gave (gv), imp. of Give.

Gav"el (gv"l), n. A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Gav"el, n. [OF. gavelle, F. javelle, prob. dim. from L. capulus handle,
fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. gafael hold, grasp. Cf.
Heave.] A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. Wright.

Gav"el, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. The mallet of the presiding officer
in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc.

2. A mason's setting maul. Knight.

Gav"el, n. [OF. gavel, AS. gafol, prob. fr. gifan to give. See Give,
and cf. Gabel tribute.] (Law) Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel.
Cowell.

Gav"el*et (?), n. [From Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) An ancient
special kind of cessavit used in Kent and London for the recovery of
rent. [Obs.]

Gav"el*kind` (?), n. [OE. gavelkynde, gavelkende. See Gavel tribute,
and Kind, n.] (O. Eng. Law) A tenure by which land descended from the
father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother,
dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still
prevails in the county of Kent. Cowell.

Gav"e*loche (?), n. Same as Gavelock.

Gav"e*lock (?), n. [OE. gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf. Icel. gaflok,
MHG. gabil&?;t, OF. gavelot, glavelot, F. javelot, Ir. gabhla spear, W.
gaflach fork, dart, E. glave, gaff] 1. A spear or dart. [R. & Obs.]

2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

Ga"ver*ick (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus).
[Prov. Eng.]

||Ga"viÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gavia a sea mew.] (Zoˆl.) The
||division of birds which includes the gulls and terns.

Ga"vi*al (g"v*al), n. [Hind. ghaiyl: cf. F. gavial.] (Zoˆl.) A large
Asiatic crocodilian (Gavialis Gangeticus); -- called also nako, and
Gangetic crocodile.

The gavial has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly uniform size,
and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of
India. The name is also applied to several allied fossil species.

Gav"ot (? or ?; 277), n. [F. gavotte, fr. Gavots, a people inhabiting a
mountainous district in France, called Gap.] (Mus.) A kind of difficult
dance; a dance tune, the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet
dignified, strains in common time, each played twice over. [Written
also gavotte.]

Gaw"by (g"b), n. A baby; a dunce. [Prov. Eng.]

Gawk (gk), n. [OE. gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel. gaukr cuckoo; akin to
OHG. gouh, G. gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. gÈac cuckoo, Sw. gˆk, Dan. giˆg]
1. A cuckoo. Johnson.

2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. Carlyle.

Gawk, v. i. To act like a gawky.

Gawk"y (?), a. [Compar. Gawkier (?); superl. Gawkiest.] Foolish and
awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky behavior. -- n. A fellow who is
awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk.

Gawn (?), n. [Corrupted fr. gallon.] A small tub or lading vessel.
[Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

Gawn"tree (?), n. See Gauntree.

Gay (?), a. [Compar. Gayer (?); superl. Gayest.] [F. gai, perhaps fr.
OHG. g&?;hi swift, rapid, G. g‰h, j‰h, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. w&?;hi
beatiful, good. Cf. Jay.]

1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight;
inspiring delight; livery; merry.

    Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.


Pope.

    Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed.


Gray.

2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed.

    Why is my neighbor's wife so gay?


Chaucer.

    A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dress!


Milton.

3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive;
light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy;
splendid; vivacious.

Gay, n. An ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Gay"al (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) A Southern Asiatic species of
wild cattle (Bibos frontalis).

||Gay"di*ang (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts,
||lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a
||Chinese junk.

Gay"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Gayeties (&?;). [Written also gaiety.] [F.
gaietÈ. See Gay, a.] 1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts
or entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; -- used
often in the plural; as, the gayeties of the season.

2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of dress.

Syn. -- Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness;
sprightliness; jollity. See Liveliness.

Gay"lus*site` (?), n. [Named after Gay-Lussac, the French chemist.]
(Min.) A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the
carbonates of lime and soda, with water.

Gay"ly (?), adv. 1. With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely;
gleefully.

2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies gayly dressed; a flower
gayly blooming. Pope.

Gayne (?), v. i. [See Gain.] To avail. [Obs.]

Gay"ness (?), n. Gayety; finery. [R.]

Gay"some (?), a. Full of gayety. Mir. for Mag.

Gay"tre (?), n. [See Gaitre.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gaze (gz), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gazed (gzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gazing.]
[OE. gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa, cf. Goth. us-gaisjan to terrify,
us- geisnan to be terrified. Cf. Aghast, Ghastly, Ghost, Hesitate.] To
fix the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or
curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious attention.

    Why stand ye gazing up into heaven?


Acts i. 11.

Syn. -- To gape; stare; look. -- To Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze is to
look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest
or elevated emotion; to gape is to look fixedly, with open mouth and
feelings of ignorant wonder; to stare is to look with the fixedness of
insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with delight on the
beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with wonder at the strange
sights of a large city; the idiot stares on those around with a vacant
look.

Gaze, v. t. To view with attention; to gaze on. [R.]

    And gazed a while the ample sky.


Milton.

Gaze, n. 1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a
continued look of attention.

    With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold.


Milton.

2. The object gazed on.

    Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze.


Milton.

At gaze (a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; -- said
of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this
position, upon an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing sudden fear
or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a
stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension of
some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing.

    I that rather held it better men should perish one by one, Than
    that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon!


Tennyson.

Ga*zee"bo (?), n. [Humorously formed from gaze.] A summerhouse so
situated as to command an extensive prospect. [Colloq.]

Gaze"ful (?), a. Gazing. [R.] Spenser.

Gaze"hound` (?), n. A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by
the scent. Sir W. Scott.

Ga"zel (?), n. The black currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.]

Ga*zel" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Gazelle.

Ga*zelle" (?), n. [F. gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp. gacela, Pr.
gazella, It. gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz&?;l a wild goat.] (Zoˆl.) One of
several small, swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the
genus Gazella, esp. G. dorcas; -- called also algazel, corinne, korin,
and kevel. The gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft
expression of their eyes. [Written also gazel.]

The common species of Northern Africa (Gazella dorcas); the Arabian
gazelle, or ariel (G. Arabica); the mohr of West Africa (G. mohr); the
Indian (G. Bennetti); the ahu or Persian (G. subgutturosa); and the
springbok or tsebe (G. euchore) of South Africa, are the best known.

Gaze"ment (?), n. View. [Obs.] Spenser.

Gaz"er (?), n. One who gazes.

Ga*zet (?), n. [It. gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L. gaza royal
treasure.] A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one
and a half cents. [Obs.]

Ga*zette" (?), n. [F. gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from gazetta a
Venetian coin (see Gazet), said to have been the price of the first
newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of gazza magpie, a name
perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G.
elster.] A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the
official journal published by the British government, and containing
legal and state notices.

Ga*zette", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gazetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazetting.] To
announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an
appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.

Gaz`et*teer" (?), n. [Cf. F. gazetier.] 1. A writer of news, or an
officer appointed to publish news by authority. Johnson.

2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] Burke.

3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and descriptions,
etc., of many places.

4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.

Gaz"ing*stock` (?), n. A person or thing gazed at with scorn or
abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt. Bp. Hall.

Gaz"o*gene (?), n. [F. gazogËne; gaz gas + -gËne, E. - gen.] A portable
apparatus for making soda water or aÎrated liquids on a small scale.
Knight.

Ga*zon" (?), n. [F. gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G. wasen.] (Fort.) One
of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of
earthworks.

Ge- (?). An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See Y- .

Geal (?), v. i. [F. geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu. See Gelid.] To
congeal. [Obs. or Scot.]

Gean (?), n. [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. whsila, G.
weichsel.] (Bot.) A species of cherry tree common in Europe (Prunus
avium); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color.

Ge`an*ti*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. &?; the earth + E. anticlinal.] (Geol.)
An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the earth's
crust, resulting in the formation of a class of mountain elevations
called anticlinoria; -- opposed to geosynclinal.

Gear (?), n. [OE. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment, armor, fr.
gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to OHG. garaw, garw ornament, dress.
See Yare, and cf. Garb dress.] 1. Clothing; garments; ornaments.

    Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear.


Spenser.

2. Goods; property; household stuff. Chaucer.

    Homely gear and common ware.


Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or
material.

    Clad in a vesture of unknown gear.


Spenser.

4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.

5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] Jamieson.

6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.]

    Thus go they both together to their gear.


Spenser.

8. (Mech.) (a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a
bevel gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively. (b) An apparatus for
performing a special function; gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe.
(c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out of gear.

9. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b).

10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Wright.

    That servant of his that confessed and uttered this gear was an
    honest man.


Latimer.

Bever gear. See Bevel gear. -- Core gear, a mortise gear, or its
skeleton. See Mortise wheel, under Mortise. -- Expansion gear (Steam
Engine), the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain
part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston
expansively; the cut-off. See under Expansion. -- Feed gear. See Feed
motion, under Feed, n. -- Gear cutter, a machine or tool for forming
the teeth of gear wheels by cutting. -- Gear wheel, any cogwheel. --
Running gear. See under Running. -- To throw in, or out of, gear
(Mach.), to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to
put in, or out of, working relation.

<! p. 617 !>

Gear (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gearing.] 1.
To dress; to put gear on; to harness.

2. (Mach.) To provide with gearing.

Double geared, driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase the
force or speed; -- said of a machine.

Gear, v. i. (Mach.) To be in, or come into, gear.

Gear"ing, n. 1. Harness.

2. (Mach.) The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an
engine or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively;
as, the valve gearing of locomotive engine; belt gearing; esp., a train
of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery.

Frictional gearing. See under Frictional. -- Gearing chain, an endless
chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to another. See
Illust. of Chain wheel. -- Spur gearing, gearing in which the teeth or
cogs are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface
(properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting
motion between parallel shafts, etc.

Gea"son (?), a. [OE. gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS. g&?;sne barren,
wanting. Cf. Geest.] Rare; wonderful. [Obs.] Spenser.

Geat (gt), n. [See Gate a door.] (Founding) The channel or spout
through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [Written also
git, gate.]

Ge`car*cin"i*an (j`k‰r*sn"*an), n. [Gr. gh^ earth + karki`nos crab.]
(Zoˆl.) A land crab of the genus Gecarcinus, or of allied genera.

Geck (?), n. [D. gek fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel. gikkr a
pert, rude person.] 1. Scorn, derision, or contempt. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull. [Obs.]

    To become the geck and scorn O'the other's villainy.


Shak.

Geck, v. t. [Cf. OD. ghecken, G. gecken. See Geck, n.]

1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To cheat; trick, or gull. [Obs.] Johnson.

Geck, v. i. To jeer; to show contempt. Sir W. Scott.

Geck"o (gk"), n.; pl. Geckoes (-z). [Cf. F. & G. gecko; -- so called
from the sound which the animal utters.] (Zoˆl.) Any lizard of the
family GeckonidÊ. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal
animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are
generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they
can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries,
and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See Wall
gecko, Fanfoot.

Geck*o"tian (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A gecko.

Ged, Gedd (&?;), n. The European pike.

Gee (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geeing.] 1. To
agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] Forby.

2. [Cf. G. j¸, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. giÚ, F. dia,
used to turn a horse to the left.] To turn to the off side, or from the
driver (i.e., in the United States, to the right side); -- said of
cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative, often with
off, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to haw,
or hoi. [Written also jee.]

In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the cattle; in
the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases, however, gee
means to turn from the driver, and haw to turn toward him.

Gee ho, or Gee whoa. Same as Gee.

Gee, v. t. [See Gee to turn.] To cause (a team) to turn to the off
side, or from the driver. [Written also jee.]

Geer (?), Geer"ing. [Obs.] See Gear, Gearing.

Geese (?), n., pl. of Goose.

Geest (?), n. [Cf. LG. geest, geestland, sandy, dry and, OFries. gst,
gst, gstlond, gstlond, fr. Fries. gst barren. Cf. Geason.] Alluvial
matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin. R. Jameson.

Geet (?), n. [See Jet.] Jet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Geez (?), n. The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language
or people. See Ethiopic.

Ge*hen"na (g*hn"n), n. [L. Gehenna, Gr. Ge`enna, Heb. G Hinnm.] (Jewish
Hist.) The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the
Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account,
was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle
for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order
to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is
transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell.

    The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna
    called, the type of Hell.


Milton.

Ge"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from,
earthy or vegetable mold.

Geic acid. (Chem.) See Humin.

Ge"in (?), n. [Gr. &?; earth.] (Chem.) See Humin.

Geis"sler tube` (?). (Elec.) A glass tube provided with platinum
electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which
becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; --
so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also
Pl¸cker tube, from the German physicist who devised it.

Gei"to*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; neighbor + &?; marriage.] (Bot.)
Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the same
plant.

Gel"a*ble (?), a. [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable. See Geal.]
Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly.

||Gel"a*da (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A baboon (Gelada Ruppelli) of Abyssinia,
||remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of
||the adult male.

Ge*las"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; inclined to laugh, from &?; to laugh.]
Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing. "Gelastic muscles." Sir T.
Browne.

Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gelatin + L. -ficare. (in comp.) to make.
See - fy.] (Physiol. Chem.) The formation of gelatin.

Gel`a*tig"e*nous (?), n. [Gelatin + -genous.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the gelatigeneous
tissues.

Gel"a*tin, Gel"a*tine (&?;), n. [F. gÈlatine, fr. L. gelare to congeal.
See Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from
animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a
nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but
formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of
various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments,
etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water,
and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of
calf's- foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its
nutritious qualities are of a low order.

Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use, but the tendency
of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in -in, as in the
United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacopúia, Fownes'
Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary.

Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of
nitroglycerin and five of collodion. -- Gelatin process, a name applied
to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin.
Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry-plate process in which gelatin is used
as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material. This is the
dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness
are produced by it. (b) (Print.) A method of producing photographic
copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of
photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink,
or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds
of stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or Copying) A method
of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in
aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin
softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary
paper. -- Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin.

Ge*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelatinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gelatinating.] To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling
jelly.

Ge*lat"i*nate, v. i. To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance
like jelly.

    Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates
    with the mineral acids.


Kirwan.

Ge*lat`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of process of converting into gelatin,
or a substance like jelly.

Gel"a*tine (?), n. Same as Gelatin.

Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gelatin + -ferous.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination.

Gel`a*tin"i*form (?), a. Having the form of gelatin.

Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion (?), n. Same as Gelatination.

Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. t. 1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as
Gelatinate, v. t.

2. (Photog.) To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.

Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. i. Same as Gelatinate, v. i.

Ge*lat"i*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. gÈlatineux.] Of the nature and
consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous.

Ge*la"tion (?), n. [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to freeze.]
(Astron.) The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and
solidifying.

Geld (?), n. [AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, payment, fr. gieldan to
pay, render. See Yield.] Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.]

This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in danegeld, or
danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; weregeld, compensation for the
life of a man, etc.

Geld (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gelding.] [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan. gilde, Sw. g‰lla, and
cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not giving milk, G. gelt,
Goth. gilpa siclke.] 1. To castrate; to emasculate.

2. To deprive of anything essential.

    Bereft and gelded of his patrimony.


Shak.

3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a
story; to expurgate. [Obs.] Dryden.

Geld"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gelded.

Geld"a*ble, a. [From Geld money.] Liable to taxation. [Obs.] Burrill.

Geld"er (?), n. One who gelds or castrates.

Gel"der-rose (?), n. Same as Guelder-rose.

Geld"ing (?), n. [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether,
eunuch, Sw. g‰lling gelding, Dan. gilding eunuch. See Geld, v. t.] A
castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly used also
of the human male.

    They went down both into the water, Philip and the gelding, and
    Philip baptized him.


Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).

Geld"ing, p. pr., a., & vb. n. from Geld, v. t.

Gel"id (jl"d), a. [L. gelidus, fr. gelu frost, cold. See Cold, and cf.
Congeal, Gelatin, Jelly.] Cold; very cold; frozen. "Gelid founts."
Thompson.

Ge*lid"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gelid.

Gel"id*ly (?), adv. In a gelid manner; coldly.

Gel"id*ness, n. The state of being gelid; gelidity.

Gel"ly (jl"l), n. Jelly. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ge*los"copy (?), n. [Gr. &?; to laugh + -scopy.] Divination by means of
laughter.

Ge*lose" (?), n. [See Gelatin.] (Chem.) An amorphous, gummy
carbohydrate, found in Gelidium, agar-agar, and other seaweeds.

Gel*se"mic (?), a. Gelseminic.

Gel"se*mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the yellow
jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens), as a bitter white semicrystalline
substance; -- called also gelsemia.

Gel`se*min"ic (?), n. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the
yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens); as, gelseminic acid, a white
crystalline substance resembling esculin.

||Gel*se"mium (?), n. [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.] 1. (Bot.) A
||genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine (Gelsemium
||sempervirens) is a native of the Southern United States. It has showy
||and deliciously fragrant flowers.

2. (Med.) The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.

Gelt (?), n. [See 1st Geld.] Trubute, tax. [Obs.]

    All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all gelts and
    payments, in a most full and ample manner.


Fuller.

Gelt, n. [See Gelt, v. t.] A gelding. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Gelt, n. Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.] Spenser.

Gem (?), n. [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a
precious stone, bud.] 1. (Bot.) A bud.

    From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised
    called a gem.


Denham.

2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire,
beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a
jewel. Milton.

3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is
regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small
picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying.

Artificial gem, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with
metallic oxide. Cf. Paste, and Strass.

Gem v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gemming] 1. To put
forth in the form of buds. "Gemmed their blossoms." [R.] Milton.

2. To adorn with gems or precious stones.

3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with
dewdrops.

    England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces.


W. Irving.

Ge*ma"ra (?), n. [Heb.] (Jewish Law) The second part of the Talmud, or
the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text).

Ge*mar"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Gemara.

Ge*ma"rist (?), n. One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its
teachings.

Gem"el (?), a. [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau, L. gemellus twin, doubled,
dim. of geminus. See Gemini, and cf. Gimmal.] (Her.) Coupled; paired.

Bars gemel (Her.), two barrulets placed near and parallel to each
other.

Gem"el (?), n. 1. One of the twins. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. (Heb.) One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each
other. Cf. Bars gemel, under Gemel, a.

    Two gemels silver between two griffins passant.


Strype.

Gemel hinge (Locksmithing), a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and a
hook. -- Gemel ring, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See
Gimbal. -- Gemel window, a window with two bays.

Gem`el*lip"a-rous (?), a. [L. gemellipara, fem., gemellus twin + parere
to bear, produce.] Producing twins. [R.] Bailey.

Gem"i*nal (?), a. [L. geminus twin.] A pair. [Obs.] Drayton.

Gem"i*nate (?), a. [L. geminatus, p. p. of genimare to double. See
Gemini.] (Bot.) In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as,
geminate flowers. Gray.

Gem"i*nate (?), v. t. To double. [R.] B. Jonson.

Gem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. geminatio.] A doubling; duplication;
repetition. [R.] Boyle.

||Gem"i*ni (?), n. pl. [L., twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr. j&?;mi
||related as brother or sister.] (Astron.) A constellation of the
||zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux; also, the
||third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.

Gem`i*ni*flo"rous (?), a. [L. geminus twin + flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.) Having the flowers arranged in pairs.

Gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. geminus.] Double; in pairs. Sir T. Browne.

Gemi*ny (?), n. [See Gemini.] Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.] Shak.

||Gem`i*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum, to sign,
||moan.] (Zoˆl.) A division of birds including the true pigeons.

||Gem"ma (?), n.; pl. GemmÊ (#). [L., a bud.] 1. (Bot.) A leaf bud, as
||distinguished from a flower bud.

2. (Biol.) A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the
reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the
parent cell.

Gem*ma"ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to gems or to gemmÊ; of the
nature of, or resembling, gems or gemmÊ.

Gem"ma*ry (?), a. [L. gemmarius. See Gem.] Of or pertaining to gems.

<! p. 618 !>

Gem"ma*ry (?), n. A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house;
jewels or gems, collectively.

Gem"mate (?), a. [L. gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put forth buds, fr.
gemma bud.] (Bot.) Having buds; reproducing by buds.

Gem"ma*ted (?), a. Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.

Gem*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gemmation.]

1. (Biol.) The formation of a new individual, either animal or
vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction;
gemmulation; gemmiparity. See Budding.

2. (Bot.) The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the
bud.

Gem"me*ous (?), a. [L. gemmeus. See Gem.] Pertaining to gems; of the
nature of gems; resembling gems. Pennant.

Gem*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F. gemmifËre.]
Producing gems or buds; (Biol.) multiplying by buds.

Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make.
See - fy.] (Biol.) The production of a bud or gem.

Gem`mi*flo"rate (?), a. [L. gemma bud + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)
Having flowers like buds.

Gem"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness;
smartness.

{ ||Gem*mip"a*ra (?) ||Gem*mip"a*res (?) } n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemma
bud + parere to produce.] (Zoˆl.) Animals which increase by budding, as
hydroids.

Gem`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See
Budding.

Gem*mip"a*rous (?), a. [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.) Producing buds;
reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1.

Gem*mos"i*ty (?), n. [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.] The
quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.] Bailey.

Gem`mu*la"tion (?), n. [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.] (Biol.)
See Gemmation.

Gem"mule (?), n. [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F. gemmule. See Gem.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons.
(b) One of the buds of mosses. (c) One of the reproductive spores of
algÊ. (d) An ovule.

2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation. (b) One of
the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis
of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or
unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied
with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop
into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed
to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often
transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then
developed. See Pangenesis.

Gem`mu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Gemmule + -ferous.] Bearing or producing
gemmules or buds.

Gem"my (?), a. [From Gem, n.]

1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem.

    The gemmy bridle glittered free.


Tennyson.

2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]

Ge*mote" (?), n. [As. gem&?;t an assembly. See Meet, v. t.] (AS. Hist.)
A meeting; -- used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an assembly of the
wise men.

Gems (?), n. [G.] (Zoˆl.) The chamois.

Gems"bok (?), n. [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck of the
chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.] (Zoˆl.) A South
African antelope (Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp, nearly straight
horns.

Gems"-horn` (?), n. [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.) An organ stop
with conical tin pipes.

Ge*mul" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small South American deer (Furcifer
Chilensis), with simple forked horns. [Written also guemul.]

-gen (?). [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race, stock
(see Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -gËne.] 1. A
suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing, generating:
as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen.

2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen.

||Ge"na (?), [L., the cheek.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The cheek; the feathered side
||of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The part of the head to which
||the jaws of an insect are attached.

||Ge*nappe" (?), n. [From Genappe, in Belgium.] A worsted yarn or cord
||of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe,
||etc. Simmonds.

||Gen`darme" (?), n.; pl. Gendarmes (#), or Gens d'armes. [F.] 1.
||(Mil.) One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France]

2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray.

Gen*darm"er*y (?), n. [F. gendarmerie.] The body of gendarmes.

Gen"der (jn"dr), n. [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F. genre,
fr. L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root
of genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. kin. See
Kin, and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle, Genus.]

1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] "One gender of herbs." Shak.

2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.]

3. (Gram.) A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and
secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated
with sex.

    Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex
    is natural distinction and applies to living objects.


R. Morris.

Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when the form is
varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer.

Gen"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gendering.] [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See Gender, n.] To beget; to
engender.

Gen"der, v. i. To copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak.

Gen"der*less, a. Having no gender.

Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. &?; race + E. genesis.] (Biol.)
Alternate generation. See under Generation.

Gen`e*a*log"ic (?), a. Genealogical.

Gen`e*a*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. gÈnÈalogique.] Of or pertaining to
genealogy; as, a genealogical table; genealogical order. --
Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Genealogical tree, a family lineage or genealogy drawn out under the
form of a tree and its branches.

Gen`e*al"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. gÈnÈalogiste.] One who traces
genealogies or the descent of persons or families.

Gen`e*al"o*gize (?), v. i. To investigate, or relate the history of,
descents.

Gen`e*al"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Genealogies (#). [OE. genealogi, genelogie,
OF. genelogie, F. gÈnÈalogie, L. genealogia, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; birth,
race, descent (akin to L. genus) + &?; discourse.]

1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an
ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural
order of succession; a pedigree.

2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree;
lineage.

Gen"e*arch (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; race + &?; a leader.] The chief of a
family or tribe.

Gen"e*ra (?), n. pl. See Genus.

Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being generated. Johnstone.

Gen"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. generabilis.] Capable of being generated or
produced. Bentley.

Gen"er*al (?), a. [F. gÈnÈral, fr. L. generalis. See Genus.] 1.
Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; as,
a general law of animal or vegetable economy.

2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or
particular; including all particulars; as, a general inference or
conclusion.

3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague;
indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and general expression.

4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent;
extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general
custom.

    This general applause and cheerful shout Argue your wisdom and your
    love to Richard.


Shak.

5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our general
sire. Milton.

6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part.

    His general behavior vain, ridiculous.


Shak.

7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method.

The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes chief or
superior; as, attorney- general; adjutant general; commissary general;
quartermaster general; vicar-general, etc.

General agent (Law), an agent whom a principal employs to transact all
his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally.
-- General assembly. See the Note under Assembly. -- General average,
General Court. See under Average, Court. -- General court-martial
(Mil.), the highest military and naval judicial tribunal. -- General
dealer (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use. --
General demurrer (Law), a demurrer which objects to a pleading in
general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects. Abbott.
-- General epistle, a canonical epistle. -- General guides (Mil.), two
sergeants (called the right, and the left, general guide) posted
opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to
preserve accuracy in marching. Farrow. -- General hospitals (Mil.),
hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field
hospitals. Farrow. General issue (Law), an issue made by a general
plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once,
without offering any special matter to evade it. Bouvier. Burrill. --
General lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment is
made of any balance due on a general account. -- General officer
(Mil.), any officer having a rank above that of colonel. -- General
orders (Mil.), orders from headquarters published to the whole command.
-- General practitioner, in the United States, one who practices
medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any
specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as
surgeon. -- General ship, a ship not chartered or let to particular
parties. -- General term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a general
conception or notion. -- General verdict (Law), the ordinary
comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the
defendant". Burrill. -- General warrant (Law), a warrant, now illegal,
to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals.

Syn. General, Common, Universal. Common denotes primarily that in which
many share; and hence, that which is often met with. General is
stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the individuals
which compose a genus, or whole. Universal, that which pertains to all
without exception. To be able to read and write is so common an
attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it general,
though by no means universal.

Gen"er*al (?), n. [F. gÈnÈral. See General., a.]

1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or
the chief part; -- opposed to particular.

    In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by
    degrees to generals.


Locke.

2. (Mil.) One of the chief military officers of a government or
country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a
brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below field
marshal.

In the United States the office of General of the Army has been created
by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W.
T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. Popularly, the title General is given
to various general officers, as General, Lieutenant general, Major
general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See Brigadier
general, Lieutenant general, Major general, in the Vocabulary.

3. (Mil.) The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to
beat the general.

4. (Eccl.) The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or
congregations under the same rule.

5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] Shak.

In general, in the main; for the most part.

||Gen`e*ra"li*a (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.]
||Generalities; general terms. J. S. Mill.

Gen`er*al*is"si*mo (?), n. [It., superl. of generale general. See
General, a.] The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander
in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under
separate commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries.

Gen`er*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Generalities (#). [L. generalitas: cf. F.
gÈnÈralitÈ. Cf. Generalty.]

1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or
particulars. Hooker.

2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness,
practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase.

    Let us descend from generalities to particulars.


Landor.

    The glittering and sounding generalities of natural right which
    make up the Declaration of Independence.


R. Choate.

3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the generality of a
nation, or of mankind.

Gen"er*al*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being generalized, or reduced to
a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule.

    Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable.


Coleridge

Gen`er*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gÈnÈralisation.]

1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals
or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general principle
from particulars.

    Generalization is only the apprehension of the one in the many.


Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A general inference.

Gen"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Generalizing (?).] [Cf. F. gÈnÈraliser.]

1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a
genus or to genera.

    Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by merely referring
    them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more by
    referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air.


W. Nicholson.

2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive
application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make
universal in application, as a formula or rule.

    When a fact is generalized, our discontent is quited, and we
    consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation.


Sir W. Hamilton.

3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle)
from particulars.

    A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude of facts.


Coleridge.

Gen"er*al*ize, v. i. To form into a genus; to view objects in their
relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.

Gen"er*al*ized (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Comprising structural characters which
are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a generalized
type.

Gen"er*al*i`zer (&?;), n. One who takes general or comprehensive views.
Tyndall.

Gen"er*al*ly, adv. 1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not
universally; most frequently.

2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the
whole; comprehensively.

    Generally speaking, they live very quietly.


Addison.

3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.]

    I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee.


2 Sam. xvii. ll.

Gen"er*al*ness, n. The condition or quality of being general;
frequency; commonness. Sir P. Sidney.

Gen"er*al*ship, n. 1. The office of a general; the exercise of the
functions of a general; -- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the
personality of a general.

    Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene.


Goldsmith.

2. Military skill in a general officer or commander.

3. Fig.: Leadership; management.

    An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust.


Sterne.

Gen"er*al*ty (?), n. Generality. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Gen"er*ant (?), a. [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.] Generative;
producing; esp. (Geom.), acting as a generant.

Gen"er*ant, n. 1. That which generates. Glanvill.

2. (Geom.) A generatrix.

Gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Generating.] [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to generate, fr. genus.
See Genus, Gender.]

1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar to
the parent); to engender; as, every animal generates its own species.

2. To cause to be; to bring into life. Milton.

3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to produce;
to cause.

    Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must likewise generate
    milk.


Arbuthnot.

4. (Math.) To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of
a point or a magnitude of inferior order.

<! p. 619 !>

Gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [OE. generacioun, F. gÈnÈration, fr.L.
generatio.] 1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of
animals.

2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital;
production; formation; as, the generation of sounds, of gases, of
curves, etc.

3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring.

4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank
or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same
genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living
at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary
period of time at which one rank follows another, or father is
succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century; an
age.

    This is the book of the generations of Adam.


Gen. v. 1.

    Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long
    season, namely, seven generations.


Baruch vi. 3.

    All generations and ages of the Christian church.


Hooker.

5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock.

    Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a dog?


Shak.

6. (Geom.) The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as
a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a
mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the generation of a
line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a
sphere by a semicircle, etc.

7. (Biol.) The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend
reproduction.

There are four modes of generation in the animal kingdom: scissiparity
or by fissiparous generation, gemmiparity or by budding, germiparity or
by germs, and oviparity or by ova.

Alternate generation (Biol.), alternation of sexual with asexual
generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of
the other, -- a form of reproduction common both to animal and
vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from
sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically.
These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their
impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more
complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced
agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these
in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation
is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is
reproduced. -- Spontaneous generation (Biol.), the fancied production
of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic
matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time
had many supporters; abiogenesis.

Gen"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. gÈnÈratif.] Having the power of
generating, propagating, originating, or producing. "That generative
particle." Bentley.

Gen"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who, or that which, generates, begets,
causes, or produces.

2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or solid
by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas retort, or
vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc.

3. (Mus.) The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced;
the fundamental note or root of the common chord; -- called also
generating tone.

Gen`er*a"trix (?), n.; pl. L. Generatrices (#), E. Generatrixes (#).
[L.] (Geom.) That which generates; the point, or the mathematical
magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a
line, surface, or solid; -- called also describent.

{ Ge*ner"ic (?), Ge*ner"ic*al (?), } a. [L. genus, generis, race, kind:
cf. F. gÈnÈrique. See Gender.]

1. (Biol.) Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as
distinct from a species, or from another genus; as, a generic
description; a generic difference; a generic name.

2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or
their characteristics; -- opposed to specific.

Ge*ner"ic*al*ly, adv. With regard to a genus, or an extensive class;
as, an animal generically distinct from another, or two animals or
plants generically allied.

Ge*ner"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being generic.

Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. genus kind, class + -ficare (in comp.)
to make. See -fy.] The act or process of generalizing.

    Out of this the universal is elaborated by generification.


Sir W. Hamilton.

Gen`er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. generositas: cf. F. gÈnÈrositÈ.] 1. Noble
birth. [Obs.] Harris (Voyages).

2. The quality of being noble; noble- mindedness.

    Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of
    other men's virtues and good qualities.


Barrow.

3. Liberality in giving; munificence.

Syn. -- Magnanimity; liberality.

Gen"er*ous (?), a. [F. gÈnÈreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble,
excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d
Gender.]

1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [Obs.]

    The generous and gravest citizens.


Shak.

2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as
belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited;
courageous. "The generous critic." Pope. "His generous spouse." Pope.
"A generous pack [of hounds]." Addison.

3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; as, a
generous friend or father.

4. Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a generous
table. Swift.

5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as, generous
wine.

Syn. -- Magnanimous; bountiful. See Liberal.

-- Gen"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Gen"er*ous*ness, n.

Gen`e*see" ep"och (?). (Geol.) The closing subdivision of the Hamilton
period in the American Devonian system; - - so called because the
formations of this period crop out in Genesee, New York.

Ge*ne"sial (?), a. Of or relating to generation.

Ge*ne`si*ol"gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; birth + -logy.] The doctrine or science
of generation.

Gen"e*sis (?), n. [L., from Gr. ge`nesis, fr. the root of gi`gnesqai to
beget, be born; akin to L. genus birth, race. See Gender.]

1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the
process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination.

    The origin and genesis of poor Sterling's club.


Carlyle.

2. The first book of the Old Testament; -- so called by the Greek
translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the
world and of the human race.

3. (Geom.) Same as Generation.

Gen"et (jn"t or j*nt"), Ge*nette" (j*nt"), n. [F. genette, Sp. gineta,
fr. Ar. jarnei.] 1. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of small Carnivora
of the genus Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands
less developed, and without a pouch.

The common genet (Genetta vulgaris) of Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and
North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded
with black and white. The Cape genet (G. felina), and the berbe (G.
pardina), are related African species.

2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin
dressed in imitation of this fur.

Gen"et (?), n. [See Jennet.] A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish
horse; a jennet. Shak.

Ge*neth"li*ac (?), a. [L. genethliacus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; belonging to
one's birth, gene`qlh birth, fr. gi`gnesqai to be born.] Pertaining to
nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars at
one's birth. Howell.

Ge*neth"li*ac, n. 1. A birthday poem.

2. One skilled in genethliacs.

Gen`eth*li"a*cal (?), a. Genethliac.

Ge*neth"li*acs (?), n. The science of calculating nativities, or
predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at
birth. Johnson.

Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. geneqlhalogi`a astrology; gene`qlh
birth + lo`gos discourse.] Divination as to the destinies of one newly
born; the act or art of casting nativities; astrology.

Ge*neth`li*at"ic (?), n. One who calculates nativities. Sir W.
Drummond.

Ge*net"ic (j*nt"k), a. Same as Genetical.

Ge*net"ic*al (-*kal), a. [See Genesis.] Pertaining to, concerned with,
or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of
production or development.

    This historical, genetical method of viewing prior systems of
    philosophy.


Hare.

Ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a genetical manner.

Ge*ne"va (?), n. The chief city of Switzerland.

Geneva Bible, a translation of the Bible into English, made and
published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576).
It was the first English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the
ancient black letter, the first which recognized the division into
verses, and the first which omitted the Apocrypha. In form it was a
small quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's
translation. Called also Genevan Bible. -- Geneva convention (Mil.), an
agreement made by representatives of the great continental powers at
Geneva and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation
regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those
who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made
neutral, and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and
the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865. --
Geneva cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground; -- the flag
and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.

Ge*ne"va (?), n. [F. geniËvre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF. geneivre
juniper, fr. L. juniperus the juniper tree: cf. D. jenever, fr. F.
geniËvre. See Juniper, and cf. Gin a liquor.] A strongly alcoholic
liquor, flavored with juniper berries; -- made in Holland; Holland gin;
Hollands.

Ge*ne"van (?), a. Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.

Ge*ne"van, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Geneva.

2. A supported of Genevanism.

Ge*ne"van*ism (?), n. [From Geneva, where Calvin resided.] Strict
Calvinism. Bp. Montagu.

Gen`e*vese" (?), a. [Cf. L. Genevensis, F. gÈnevois.] Of or pertaining
to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or
inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people
of Geneva.

Ge*ni"al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Genian.

Gen"ial (?), a. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.] 1.
Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production;
generative; procreative; productive. "The genial bed." Milton.

    Creator Venus, genial power of love.


Dryden.

2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life;
sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or
happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she
was of a cheerful and genial disposition.

    So much I feel my genial spirits droop.


Milton.

3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural;
inborn. [Obs.]

    Natural incapacity and genial indisposition.


Sir T. Browne.

4. Denoting or marked with genius; belonging to the higher nature. [R.]

    Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less
    genial works.


Hare.

Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside over
marriage and generation.

Ge`ni*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. genialitas.] The quality of being genial;
sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners.

Gen"ial*ly (?), adv. 1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.]

    Some men are genially disposed to some opinions.


Glanvill.

2. Gayly; cheerfully. Johnson.

Gen"ial*ness, n. The quality of being genial.

Ge*ni"an (?), a. [Gr. &?; chin; akin to &?; under jaw. Cf. Chin.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; as, the genian
prominence.

Ge*nic"u*late (?), a. [L. geniculatus, fr. geniculum little knee, knot
or joint, dim. of genu knee. See Knee.] Bent abruptly at an angle, like
the knee when bent; as, a geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion; a
geniculate twin crystal.

Ge*nic"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geniculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Geniculating.] To form joints or knots on. [R.] Cockeram.

Ge*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. Same as Geniculate.

Ge*nic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. geniculatio a kneeling.]

1. The act of kneeling. [R.] Bp. Hall.

2. The state of being bent abruptly at an angle.

||GÈ`nie (?), n. [F.] See Genius.

||Ge"ni*o (?), n. [It. See Genius.] A man of a particular turn of mind.
||[R.] Tatler.

Ge`ni*o*hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?; the chin + E. hyoid.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the geniohyoid muscle.

Gen"i*pap (?), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (Genipa
Americana) of the order RubiaceÊ. It is oval in shape, as a large as a
small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark purple juice.

||Ge*nis"ta (?), n. [L., broom.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the
||common broom of Western Europe.

Gen"i*tal (?), a. [L. genitalis, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F.
gÈnital. See Gender.] Pertaining to generation, or to the generative
organs.

Genital cord (Anat.), a cord developed in the fetus by the union of
portions of the Wolffian and M¸llerian ducts and giving rise to parts
of the urogenital passages in both sexes.

Gen"i*tals (?), n. pl. [From Genital, a.: cf. L. genitalia.] The organs
of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts.

Gen"i*ting (?), n. [See Jenneting.] A species of apple that ripens very
early. Bacon.

Gen`i*ti"val (?), a. Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or
derived from, the genitive case; as, a genitival adverb. --
Gen`i*ti"val*ly, adv.

Gen"i*tive (?), a. [L. genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum, to beget: cf.
F. gÈnitif. See Gender.] (Gram.) Of or pertaining to that case (as the
second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses source or
possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English.

Gen"i*tive, n. (Gram.) The genitive case.

Genitive absolute, a construction in Greek similar to the ablative
absolute in Latin. See Ablative absolute.

Gen`i*to*cru"ral (?), a. [Genital + crural.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the
genital organs and the thigh; -- applied especially to one of the
lumbar nerves.

Gen"i*tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who begets; a generator; an originator.
Sheldon.

2. pl. The genitals. [Obs.] Holland.

Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry (?), a. [Genital + urinary.] (Anat.) See
Urogenital.

Gen"i*ture (?), n. [L. genitura: cf. F. gÈniture.] Generation;
procreation; birth. Dryden.

Gen"ius (?), n.; pl. E. Geniuses (#); in sense 1, L. Genii (#). [L.
genius, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in
everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or
place, taste, talent, genius, from genere, gignere, to beget, bring
forth. See Gender, and cf. Engine.] 1. A good or evil spirit, or demon,
supposed by the ancients to preside over a man's destiny in life; a
tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf.
Jinnee.

    The unseen genius of the wood.


Milton.

    We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius
    of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive
    offerings on an altar as a deity.


Tylor.

2. The peculiar structure of mind with which each individual is endowed
by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is peculiar to
each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of action or
special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination, or
disposition; as, a genius for history, for poetry, or painting.

3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a
language.

4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power;
especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or
of forming new combinations; as, a man of genius.

    Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the
    modifying power.


Coleridge.

5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior
intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare genius.

Syn. -- Genius, Talent. Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of
nature, impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort,
and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. Talent supposes
general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being
molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and
purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the exercise of
imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. Talent
depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the
faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a genius
for poetry, painting. etc., and a talent for business or diplomacy.
Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his genius;
William Pitt for his preÎminent talents, and especially his unrivaled
talent for debate.

<! p. 620 !>

||Genius loci (&?;) [L.], the genius or presiding divinity of a place;
||hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a
||college, etc.

Gen`o*ese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy. -- n.
sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people
of Genoa.

||Ge*nouil`lËre" (?), n. [F.]

1. (Anc. Armor) A metal plate covering the knee.

2. (Fort.) That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform
and the bottom of an embrasure.

-ge*nous. [-gen + -ous.] A suffix signifying producing, yielding; as,
alkaligenous; endogenous.

||Genre (zh‰N"r'), n. [F. See Gender.] (Fine Arts) A style of painting,
||sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates everyday life
||and manners.

||Gens (jnz), n.; pl. Gentes (jn"tz). [L. See Gentle, a.] (Rom. Hist.)
||1. A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the
||same stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites;
||a subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe.

2. (Ethnol.) A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American aborigines.
It includes those who have a common descent, and bear the same totem.

Gent (?), a. [OF. gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.) fr.
gentilis. See Genteel.]

1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth. [Obs.]

    All of a knight [who] was fair and gent.


Chaucer.

2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant. [Obs.] Spenser.

    Her body gent and small.


Chaucer.

Gen*teel" (?), a. [F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See Gentle.] 1.
Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as belonging
to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or
behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred;
as, genteel company, manners, address.

2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner;
as, the lady has a genteel person. Law.

3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live in a
genteel allowance.

Syn. -- Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.

Gen*teel"ish, a. Somewhat genteel.

Gen*teel"ly, adv. In a genteel manner.

Gen*teel"ness, n. The quality of being genteel.

Gen"ter*ie (?), Gen"trie (&?;), n. [OE. See Gentry.] Nobility of birth
or of character; gentility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gen"tian (jn"shan or - sh*an), n. [OE. genciane, F. gentiane, L.
gentiana, fr. Gentius, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its
properties.] (Bot.) Any one of a genus (Gentiana) of herbaceous plants
with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually
blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See Illust. of Capsule.

Many species are found on the highest mountains of Europe, Asia, and
America, and some are prized for their beauty, as the Alpine (Gentiana
verna, Bavarica, and excisa), and the American fringed gentians (G.
crinita and G. detonsa). Several are used as tonics, especially the
bitter roots of Gentiana lutea, the officinal gentian of the
pharmacopúias.

Horse gentian, fever root. -- Yellow gentian (Bot.), the officinal
gentian (Gentiana lutea). See Bitterwort.

Gen`tian*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (GentianaceÊ) of which the gentian is the type.

Gen`tian*el"la (?), n. [See Gentian.] A kind of blue color. Johnson.

Gen`ti*an"ic (?), a. Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as,
gentianic acid.

Gen"tian*ine (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter, crystallizable substance
obtained from gentian.

Gen"tian*ose` (?), n. (Chem.) A crystallizable, sugarlike substance,
with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.

Gen"til (?), a. & n. Gentle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gen"tile (jn"tl), n. [L. gentilis belonging to the same clan, stock,
race, people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a foreigner; in
opposition to Jew or Christian, a heathen: cf. F. gentil. See Gentle,
a.] One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a
worshiper of false gods; a heathen.

The Hebrews included in the term gyim, or nations, all the tribes of
men who had not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The
Christians translated gyim by the L. gentes, and imitated the Jews in
giving the name gentiles to all nations who were neither Jews nor
Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations
who were not Romans.

Syn. -- Pagan; heathen. See Pagan.

Gen"tile, a. 1. Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished
from the Jews; ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.

2. (Gram.) Denoting a race or country; as, a gentile noun or adjective.

Gen"tile-fal`con (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Falcon-gentil.

Gen`ti*lesse" (?), n. [OF. gentilesse, gentelise, F. gentillesse. See
Gentle. a.] Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gen"til*ish (?), a. Heathenish; pagan.

Gen"til*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. gentilisme.]

1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.

2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's gens.

{ Gen`ti*li"tial (?), Gen`ti*li"tious (?), } a. [L. gentilitius. See
Gentile.] [Obs.]

1. Peculiar to a people; national. Sir T. Browne.

2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. Arbuthnot.

Gen*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. gentilitas the relationship of those who
belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. gentilitÈ heathenism.
See Gentile.]

1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. Macaulay.

    He . . . mines my gentility with my education.


Shak.

2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born, as
self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a
graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding.

3. The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the
gentry. [R.] Sir J. Davies.

4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.] Hooker.

Gen"til*ize (?), v. i. [See Gentile.]

1. To live like a gentile or heathen. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To act the gentleman; -- with it (see It, 5). [Obs.]

Gen"til*ize, v. i. To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to gentilize
your unworthy sones. [R.] Sylvester.

Gen"til*ly (?), adv. [From Gentil, a.] In a gentle or hoble manner;
frankly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gen`ti*o*pi"krin (?), n. [Gentian + Gr. &?; bitter.] (Chem.) A bitter,
yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained
from the gentian.

Gen"ti*sin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance,
obtained from the gentian; -- called also gentianin.

Gen"tle (?), a. [Compar. Gentler (?); superl. Gentlest (?).] [OE.
gentil, F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. gentilis of the same
clan or race, fr. gens, gentis, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which
belongs together by birth, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget;
hence gentle, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble
birth. See Gender, and cf. Genteel, Gentil, Gentile, Gentoo, Jaunty.]
1. Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble.

    British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and
    families are either noble, gentle, or simple.


Johnson's Cyc.

    The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought to bestow
    their time.


Milton.

2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild;
meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or
disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice.

3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as,
gentle reader. "Gentle sirs." "Gentle Jew." "Gentle servant." Shak.

4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame;
peaceable; as, a gentle horse.

5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy;
soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop . "Gentle
music." Sir J. Davies.

    O sleep! it is a gentle thing.


Coleridge.

The gentle craft, the art or trade of shoemaking.

Syn. -- Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland;
soft; tame; tractable; docile. -- Gentle, Tame, Mild, Meek. Gentle
describes the natural disposition; tame, that which is subdued by
training; mild implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily
provoked; meek, a spirit which has been schooled to mildness by
discipline or suffering. The lamb is gentle; the domestic fowl is tame;
John, the Apostle, was mild; Moses was meek.

Gen"tle, n. 1. One well born; a gentleman. [Obs.]

    Gentles, methinks you frown.


Shak.

2. A trained falcon. See Falcon- gentil.

3. (Zoˆl.) A dipterous larva used as fish bait.

Gent"le, v. t. 1. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to
ennoble. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable. [R. or Poet.]

    To gentle life's descent, We shut our eyes, and think it is a
    plain.


Young.

3. To make kind and docile, as a horse. [Colloq.]

Gen"tle*folk` (?), Gen"tle*folks` (&?;), n. pl. Persons of gentle or
good family and breeding. [Generally in the United States in the plural
form.] Shak.

Gen"tle-heart`ed (?), a. Having a kind or gentle disposition. Shak. --
Gen"tle- heart`ed*ness, n.

Gen"tle*man (?), n.; pl. Gentlemen (#). [OE. gentilman nobleman; gentil
noble + man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.]

1. A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of a
yeoman.

2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well- bred man.

3. (Her.) One who bears arms, but has no title.

4. The servant of a man of rank.

    The count's gentleman, one Cesario.


Shak.

5. A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp. in the plural (=
citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc.

In Great Britain, the term gentleman is applied in a limited sense to
those having coats of arms, but who are without a title, and, in this
sense, gentlemen hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry.
In a more extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of
yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is
applied to men of education and good breeding of every occupation.

Gentleman commoner, one of the highest class of commoners at the
University of Oxford. -- Gentleman usher, one who ushers visitors into
the presence of a sovereign, etc. -- Gentleman usher of the black rod,
an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to
serve as official messenger of the House of Lords. --
Gentlemen-at-arms, a band of forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign
on state occasions; formerly called gentlemen pensioners. [Eng.]

Gen"tle*man*hood (?), n. The qualities or condition of a gentleman.
[R.] Thackeray.

{ Gen"tle*man*like` (?), Gen"tle*man*ly (?), } a. Of, pertaining to,
resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well-behaved; courteous; polite.

Gen"tle*man*li*ness (?), n. The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly
conduct or manners.

Gen"tle*man*ship, n. The carriage or quality of a gentleman.

Gen"tle*ness, n. The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild,
benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners, disposition,
etc.; mildness.

Gen"tle*ship, n. The deportment or conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.]
Ascham.

Gent"lesse (?), n. Gentilesse; gentleness. [Obs.]

Gen"tle*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Gentlewomen (&?;).

1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the
vulgar. Bacon.

2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank. Shak.

Gen"tly (?), adv. In a gentle manner.

    My mistress gently chides the fault I made.


Dryden.

Gen*too" (?), n.; pl. Gentoos (#). [Pg. gentio gentile, heathen. See
Gentile.] A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic]

Gen"try (?), n. [OE. genterie, gentrie, noble birth, nobility, cf.
gentrise, and OF. gentelise, genterise, E. gentilesse, also OE.
genteleri high-mindedness. See Gent, a., Gentle, a.] 1. Birth;
condition; rank by birth. [Obs.] "Pride of gentrie." Chaucer.

    She conquers him by high almighty Jove, By knighthood, gentry, and
    sweet friendship's oath.


Shak.

2. People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted
sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry. Macaulay.

3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance. [Obs.]

    To show us so much gentry and good will.


Shak.

Gen"ty (?), a. [From F. gentil. Cf. Jaunty.] Neat; trim. [Scot.] Burns.

||Ge"nu (?), n.; pl. Genua (#). [L., the knee.] (Anat.) (a) The knee.
||(b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the
||brain.

Gen`u*flect" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Genuflected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Genuflecting.] [See Genuflection.] To bend the knee, as in worship.

Gen`u*flec"tion (?), n. [F. gÈnuflexion, fr. LL. genuflexio, fr. L.
genu knee + flexio a bending, fr. flectere, flexum, to bend. See Knee,
Flexible.] The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

Gen"u*ine (?), a. [L. genuinus, fr. genere, gignere, to beget, in
pass., to be born: cf. F. gÈnuine. See Gender.] Belonging to, or
proceeding from, the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit,
spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure;
as, a genuine text; a genuine production; genuine materials. "True,
genuine night." Dryden.

Syn. -- Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated. See
Authentic.

-- Gen"u*ine*ly, adv. -- Gen"u*ine*ness, n.

    The evidence, both internal and external, against the genuineness
    of these letters, is overwhelming.


Macaulay.

Ge"nus (j"ns), n.; pl. Genera (#). [L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin
to Gr. &?;. See Gender, and cf. Benign.]

1. (Logic) A class of objects divided into several subordinate species;
a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly
divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of
terms.

2. (Biol.) An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points
of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists,
they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily
the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into
several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is
natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or
less an artificial genus.

Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and panther
are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable kingdom
all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are represented
by a multitude of species, as Solanum (Nightshade) and Carex (Sedge),
others by few, and some by only one known species.

Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus which may be a species of a higher
genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which is also a species of
mammal. -- Summum genus [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which
can not be classed as a species, as being.

||Ge"nys (j"ns), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ge`nys the under jaw.] (Zoˆl.) See
||Gonys.

{ Ge`o*cen"tric (?), Ge`o*cen"tric*al (?), } a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the
earth + ke`ntron center: cf. F. gÈocentrique.] (Astron.) (a) Having
reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen from the
earth, -- usually opposed to heliocentric, as seen from the sun; as,
the geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet. (b) Having reference
to the center of the earth.

Geocentric latitude (of place) the angle included between the radius of
the earth through the place and the plane of the equator, in
distinction from geographic latitude. It is a little less than the
geographic latitude.

Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In a geocentric manner.

Ge*oc"ro*nite (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + Kro`nos Saturn, the
alchemistic name of lead: cf. G. geokronit.] (Min.) A lead-gray or
grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of sulphur,
antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of arsenic.

Ge`o*cyc"lic (?), a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + ky`klos circle.] 1.
Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth; as, a
geocyclic machine.

2. Circling the earth periodically.

Ge"ode (j"d), n. [F. gÈode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. &?; earthlike; ge`a,
gh^, the earth + e'i^dos form.] (Min.) (a) A nodule of stone,
containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter. (b) The
cavity in such a nodule.

<! p. 621 !>

Ge`o*deph"a*gous (j`*df"*gs), a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + 'adhfa`gos
eating one's fill; gluttonous.] (Zoˆl.) Living in the earth; -- applied
to the ground beetles.

{ Ge`o*des"ic (j`*ds"k), Ge`o*des"ic*al (-*kal), } a. [Cf. F.
gÈodÈsique.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to geodesy; geodetic.

Ge`o*des"ic, n. A geodetic line or curve.

Ge*od"e*sist (?), n. One versed in geodesy.

Ge*od"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; to divide: cf.
F. gÈodÈsie.] (Math.) That branch of applied mathematics which
determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and
areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure
and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the
curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of
States, or of long lines of coast.

{ Ge`o*det"ic (?), Ge`o*det"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
geodesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged
in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic surveying; geodetic observers.

Geodetic line or curve, the shortest line that can be drawn between two
points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any
given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point
shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be
drawn on any surface between any two points.

Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.

Ge`o*det"ics (?), n. Same as Geodesy.

Ge`o*dif"er*ous (?), a. [Geode + -ferous.] (Min.) Producing geodes;
containing geodes.

Ge"o*duck (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Zoˆl.) A gigantic clam
(Glycimeris generosa) of the Pacific coast of North America, highly
valued as an article of food.

Ge`og*no"sis (?), n. [See Geognosy.] Knowledge of the earth. [R.] G.
Eliot.

Ge"og*nost (?), n. [Cf. F. gÈognoste.] One versed in geognosy; a
geologist. [R.]

{ Ge`og*nos"tic (?), Ge`og*nos"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. gÈognostique.]
Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the
earth; geological. [R.]

Ge*og"no*sy (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + gnw^sis knowing,
knowledge, fr. gignw`skein to know: cf. F. gÈognosie.] That part of
geology which treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its
general exterior and interior constitution.

{ Ge`o*gon"ic (?), Ge`o*gon"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. gÈogonique.] Of or
pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth.

Ge*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; generation, birth,
fr. the root of &?; to be born: cf. F. gÈogonie.] The branch of science
which treats of the formation of the earth.

Ge*og"ra*pher (?), n. One versed in geography.

{ Ge`o*graph"ic (?), Ge`o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [L. geographicus, Gr.
&?;: cf. F. gÈographique.] Of or pertaining to geography.

Geographical distribution. See under Distribution. -- Geographic
latitude (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular
or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the
plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude
by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true
sphere. -- Geographical mile. See under Mile. -- Geographical
variation, any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or
other geographical conditions.

Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geographical manner or method; according
to geography.

Ge*og"ra*phy (?), n.; pl. Geographies (#). [F. gÈographie, l.
geographia, fr. Gr. &?;; ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; description, fr.
&?; to write, describe. See Graphic.] 1. The science which treats of
the world and its inhabitants; a description of the earth, or a portion
of the earth, including its structure, features, products, political
divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited.

2. A treatise on this science.

Astronomical, or Mathematical, geography treats of the earth as a
planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude,
its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual
motions. -- Physical geography treats of the conformation of the
earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals,
plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the
explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc. --
Political geography treats of the different countries into which earth
is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and
conditions.

Ge*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; worship.] The
worship of the earth. G. W. Cox.

The Geological Series. The science of geology, as treating of the
history of the globe, involves a description of the different strata
which compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic
forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of
geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative
positions, are indicated in the following diagram.

{ Ge*ol"o*ger (?), Ge`o*lo"gi*an (?), } n. A geologist.

{ Ge`o*log"ic (?), Ge`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. gÈologique.] Of or
pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.

Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geological manner.

Ge*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. GÈologiste.] One versed in the science of
geology.

Ge*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Geologizing (?).] To study geology or make geological investigations in
the field; to discourse as a geologist.

    During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire.


Darwin.

Ge*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Geologies (#). [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth +
-logy: cf. F. gÈologie.]

1. The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral
constitution of the globe; structural geology. (b) Of its history as
regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life,
etc.; historical geology. (c) Of the causes and methods by which its
structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced;
dynamical geology. See Chart of The Geological Series.

2. A treatise on the science.

Ge*om"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + "omalismo`s a
leveling.] (Biol.) The tendency of an organism to respond, during its
growth, to the force of gravitation.

Ge"o*man`cer (?), n. One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.

Ge"o*man`cy (?), n. [OE. geomance, geomancie, F. gÈomance, gÈomancie,
LL. geomantia, fr. Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + mantei`a divination.] A
kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots
or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on paper.

{ Ge`o*man"tic (?), Ge`o*man"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. gÈomantique.]
Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.

Ge*om"e*ter (?), n. [F. gÈomËtre, L. geometres, geometra, fr. Gr.
gewme`trhs, fr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + me`tron measure. See Meter
measure.] 1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician.
I. Watts.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.

Ge*om"e*tral (?), a. [Cf. F. gÈomÈtral.] Pertaining to geometry. [Obs.]

{ Ge`o*met"ric (?), Ge`o*met"ric*al (?), } a. [L. geometricus; Gr. &?;:
cf. F. gÈomÈtrique.] Pertaining to, or according to the rules or
principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical
solution of a problem.

Geometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic, to include processes
or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are
made use of rather than those of algebra.

Geometrical is often used in a limited or strictly technical sense, as
opposed to mechanical; thus, a construction or solution is geometrical
which can be made by ruler and compasses, i. e., by means of right
lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any
other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any
other curve, is not geometrical, but mechanical. By another
distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by the rules of
geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a
mechanical solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements,
with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical.

Geometrical curve. Same as Algebraic curve; -- so called because their
different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary
geometry. -- Geometric lathe, an instrument for engraving bank notes,
etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; -- called also
cycloidal engine. -- Geometrical pace, a measure of five feet. --
Geometric pen, an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the
movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of adjustable
length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which
give motion to the arm. -- Geometrical plane (Persp.), the same as
Ground plane . -- Geometrical progression, proportion, ratio. See under
Progression, Proportion and Ratio. -- Geometrical radius, in gearing,
the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel. Knight. -- Geometric
spider (Zoˆl.), one of many species of spiders, which spin a
geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira and allied genera, as the
garden spider. See Garden spider. -- Geometric square, a portable
instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and
heights by measuring angles. -- Geometrical staircase, one in which the
stairs are supported by the wall at one end only. -- Geometrical
tracery, in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in
geometrical figures.

<! p. 622 !>

Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly (?), adv. According to the rules or laws of
geometry.

Ge*om`e*tri"cian (?), n. One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a
mathematician.

Ge*om"e*trid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining or belonging to the GeometridÊ.

Ge*om"e*trid, n. (Zoˆl.) One of numerous genera and species of moths,
of the family GeometridÊ; -- so called because their larvÊ (called
loopers, measuring worms, spanworms, and inchworms) creep in a looping
manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to
agriculture, as the cankerworms.

Ge*om"e*trize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geometrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Geometrizing (?).] To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities
or laws; to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance
with the principles of geometry.

    Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things.


Sir T. Browne.

Ge*om"e*try (?), n.; pl. Geometries (#) [F. gÈomÈtrie, L. geometria,
fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to measure land; ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; to
measure. So called because one of its earliest and most important
applications was to the measurement of the earth's surface. See
Geometer.] 1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the
relations, properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and
angles; the science which treats of the properties and relations of
magnitudes; the science of the relations of space.

2. A treatise on this science.

Analytical, or Coˆrdinate, geometry, that branch of mathematical
analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the
relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes. -- Descriptive
geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution of
all problems involving three dimensions. -- Elementary geometry, that
part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight
lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the
sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone. -- Higher geometry, that pert
of geometry which treats of those properties of straight lines,
circles, etc., which are less simple in their relations, and of curves
and surfaces of the second and higher degrees.

Ge*oph"a*gism (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + &?; to eat.] The act or
habit of eating earth. See Dirt eating, under Dirt. Dunglison.

Ge*oph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.

Ge*oph"a*gous (?), a. Earth- eating.

||Ge*oph"i*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + &?; to
||love.] (Zoˆl.) The division of Mollusca which includes the land
||snails and slugs.

{ Ge`o*pon"ic (?), Ge`o*pon"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; ge`a, gh^, earth
+ &?; toilsome, fr. &?; labor: cf. F. gÈoponique.] Pertaining to
tillage of the earth, or agriculture.

Ge`o*pon"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. gÈoponique.] The art or science
of cultivating the earth; agriculture. Evelin.

Ge`o*ra"ma (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; sight, view, &?; to
see, view: cf. F. gÈorama.] A hollow globe on the inner surface of
which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one standing
inside.

Geor"die (?), n. A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety
lamp. Raymond.

George (jÙrj), n. [F. George, or Georges, a proper name, fr. Gr.
gewrgo`s husbandman, laborer; ge`a, gh^, the earth + 'e`rgein to work;
akin to E. work. See Work.]

1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback,
appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter.

2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden.

George" no`ble (?). [So called from the image of St. George on it.] A
gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See Noble, n.

Geor"gi*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to
Georgia, one of the United States.

2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great
Britan; as, the Georgian era.

Geor"gi*an, n. A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.

Geor"gic (-jk), n. [L. georgicum (sc. carmen), and georgica, pl., Gr.
bi`blion gewrgiko`n, and ta~ gewrgika`: cf. F. gÈorgiques, pl. See
Georgic, a.] A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry,
containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the Georgics of
Virgil.

{ Geor"gic (jÙr"jk), Geor"gic*al (-j*kal), } a. [L. georgicus, Gr.
gewrgiko`s, fr. gewrgi`a tillage, agriculture: cf. F. gÈorgique. See
George.] Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.

||Geor"gi*um Si`dus (?). [NL., the star of George (III. of England).]
||(Astron.) The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W.
||Herschel.

Ge*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + -scopy: cf. F.
gÈoscopie.] Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by
inspection. Chambers.

Ge`o*se*len"ic (?), a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; moon.]
Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or
mutual relations of the earth and moon; as, geoselenic phenomena.

Ge`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, earth + E. static.] (Civil Engin.)
Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance.

Geostatic arch, an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure
similar to that exerted by earth. Rankine.

Ge`o*syn*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + E. synclinal.]
(Geol.) the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which
allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the
first step in the making of a mountain range; -- opposed to
geanticlinal.

Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + E.
thermometer.] (Physics) A thermometer specially constructed for
measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground.

Ge*ot"ic (?) a. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth.] Belonging to earth;
terrestrial. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ge`o*trop"ic (?), a. [See Geotropism.] (Biol.) Relating to, or showing,
geotropism.

Ge*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + &?; to turn.] (Biol.)
A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of
gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ.

In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth are said
to be positively geotropic, and those growing in the opposite direction
negatively geotropic. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to
have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of division of
the ovum.

||Ge*phyr"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a dam, a bridge.] (Zoˆl.)
||An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not
||at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without setÊ.

Ge*phyr"e*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Belonging to the Gephyrea. -- n. One of
the Gerphyrea.

Ge*phyr"e*oid (?), a. & n. [Gephyrea + -oid.] Gephyrean.

Ge*pound" (?), n. See Gipoun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Ge"rah (?), n. [Heb. g&?;rah, lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.) A small
||coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel.

The silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about three cents; the
gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent to about thirteen
grains.

Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
pants (GeraniaceÊ) which includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium, and
many others.

{ Ge*ra"ni*ine (?), Ger"a*nine (?), } n. [See Geranium.]

1. (Med.) A valuable astringent obtained from the root of the Geranium
maculatum or crane's- bill.

2. (Chem.) A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (Geranium
maculatum), and having a peculiar mulberry odor. [Written also
geraniin.]

Ge*ra"ni*um (j*r"n*m), n. [L., fr. Gr. gera`nion, from ge`ranos crane:
cf. F. gÈranium. See Crane, n.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having a beaklike torus or receptacle,
around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous
projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy
flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill.

2. (Floriculture) A cultivated pelargonium.

Many plants referred to the genus Geranium by the earlier botanists are
now separated from it under the name of Pelargonium, which includes all
the commonly cultivated "geraniums", mostly natives of South Africa.

Ge"rant (?), n. [F. gÈrant.] The manager or acting partner of a
company, joint-stock association, etc.

Gerbe (?), n. [F., prop. a sheaf.] (Pyrotechny) A kind of ornamental
firework. Farrow.

{ Ger"bil (jr"bl), ||Ger`bille" (zhr`bl"), } n. [F. gerbille. Cf.
Jerboa.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of small, jumping, murine
rodents, of the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble
the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.

Ger*bo"a (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The jerboa.

Gere (?), n. Gear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ge"rent (?), a. [L. gerens, p. pr. of gerere to bear, manage.] Bearing;
carrying. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ger"fal`con (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Gyrfalcon.

Ger"ful (?), a. [Cf. OF. girer to twirl, E. gyrate.] Changeable;
capricious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ger"land (?), Ger"lond, n. A garland. [Obs.]

Ger"lind (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A salmon returning from the sea the second
time. [Prov. Eng.]

Germ (?), n. [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but, germ. Cf.
Germen, Germane.] 1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual;
as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the
earliest form under which an organism appears.

    In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two
    distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of
    generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of
    development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete
    organism.


Carpenter.

2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the
germ of civil liberty.

Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial
organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax bacillus and the Micrococcus
of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of
certain diseases. See Germ theory (below). -- Germ cell (Biol.), the
germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one
time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and
by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of
cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See
Ovum. -- Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. -- Germ stock (Zoˆl.), a
special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See
Doliolum. -- Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can
be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or
seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of
disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the
rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or
spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or
transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation theory.

Germ (?), v. i. To germinate. [R.] J. Morley.

Ger*main" (?), a. [Obs.] See Germane.

Ger"man (?), a. [OE. german, germain, F. germain, fr. L. germanus full,
own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents); akin to
germen germ. Cf. Germ, Germane.] Nearly related; closely akin.

    Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion.


Shak.

Brother german. See Brother german. -- Cousins german. See the Note
under Cousin.

Ger"man, n.; pl. Germans (#) [L. Germanus, prob. of Celtis origin.] 1.
A native or one of the people of Germany.

2. The German language.

3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in
capriciosly involved figures. (b) A social party at which the german is
danced.

High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, --
comprising Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th century;
Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H.
G., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German
literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern
literary language, are often called Middle German, and the Southern
German dialects Upper German; but High German is also used to cover
both groups. -- Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the
Netherlands, -- including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon;
Dutch or Low Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch (called
also Low German), spoken in many dialects.

Ger"man, a. [L. Germanus. See German, n.] Of or pertaining to Germany.

German Baptists. See Dunker. -- German bit, a wood-boring tool, having
a long elliptical pod and a scew point. -- German carp (Zoˆl.), the
crucian carp. -- German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria
Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food. -- German paste,
a prepared food for caged birds. -- German process (Metal.), the
process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if
necessary. Raymond. -- German sarsaparilla, a substitute for
sarsaparilla extract. -- German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with
meat partly cooked. -- German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy,
hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the
air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and
was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount
of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is
essentially identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly
much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of
machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys.
-- German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge,
with charcoal for fuel. -- German text (Typog.), a character resembling
modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings,
etc., as in the words,

This line is German Text.

-- German tinder. See Amadou.

Ger*man"der (?), n. [OE. germaunder, F. germandrÈe, It. calamandrea, L.
chamaedrys, fr. Gr.&?;; &?; on the earth or ground + &?; tree. See
Humble, and Tree.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Teucrium (esp. Teucrium
ChamÊdrys or wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs.

American germander, Teucrium Canadense. -- Germander chickweed,
Veronica agrestis. -- Water germander, Teucrium Scordium. -- Wood
germander, Teucrium Scorodonia.

Ger*mane" (?), a. [See German akin, nearly related.] Literally, near
akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting; relevant.

    The phrase would be more germane to the matter.


Shak.

    [An amendment] must be germane.


Barclay (Digest).

Ger*man"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.

Ger*man"ic, a. [L. Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See German, n.] 1. Of
or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy.

2. Teutonic. [A loose sense]

Ger"man*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. germanisme.] 1. An idiom of the German
language.

2. A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode,
doctrine, etc.; rationalism. J. W. Alexander.

Ger*ma"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Germania Germany.] (Chem.) A rare
element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at
Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate
between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general
identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.

Ger`man*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of Germanizing. M. Arnold.

Ger"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Germanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Germanizing (?).] To make German, or like what is distinctively German;
as, to Germanize a province, a language, a society.

Ger"man*ize, v. i. To reason or write after the manner of the Germans.

||Ger*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Germ.] (Zoˆl.) An organ in which the
||ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.

<! p. 623 !>

Ger"men (jr"mn), n.; pl. E. Germens (#), L. Germina (#). [L.] See Germ.

Ger"mi*ci`dal (jr"m*s`dal), a. Germicide.

Ger"mi*cide (jr"m*sd), a. [Germ + L. caedere to kill.] (Biol.)
Destructive to germs; -- applied to any agent which has a destructive
action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs,
which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases. -- n. A
germicide agent.

Ger"mi*nal (?), a. [See Germ.] Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as,
the germinal vesicle.

Germinal layers (Biol.), the two layers of cells, the ectoblast and
entoblast, which form respectively the outer covering and inner wall of
the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed
later and lies between these two, is sometimes included. -- Germinal
membrane. (Biol.) Same as Blastoderm. -- Germinal spot (Biol.), the
nucleolus of the ovum. -- Germinal vesicle, (Biol.) , the nucleus of
the ovum of animals.

||Ger`mi*nal" (?), n. [F. See Germ .] The seventh month of the French
||republican calendar [1792 -- 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April
||19. See Vend…miaire.

Ger"mi*nant (?), a. [L. germinans, p. pr.] Sprouting; sending forth
germs or buds.

Ger"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Germinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Germinating.] [L. germinatus, p. p. of germinare to sprout, fr. germen.
See Germ.] To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a
plant or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ. Bacon.

Ger"mi*nate, v. t. To cause to sprout. Price (1610).

Ger`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. germinatio: cf. F. germination.] The process
of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or
plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable.

Germination apparatus, an apparatus for malting grain.

Ger"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. germinatif.] Pertaining to germination;
having power to bud or develop.

Germinative spot, Germinative vesicle. (Biol.) Same as Germinal spot,
Germinal vesicle, under Germinal.

Ger`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. [Germ + L. parere to produce.] (Biol.)
Reproduction by means of germs.

Germ"less, a. Without germs.

Ger"mo*gen (?), n. [Germ + - gen.] (Biol.) (a) A polynuclear mass of
protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain ova are
developed. Balfour. (b) The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms.
Balfour.

Germ" plasm` (?), (Biol.) See Plasmogen, and Idioplasm.

Germ"ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. germ.] (Biol.) A small germ.

Gern (?), v. t. [See Grin.] To grin or yawn. [Obs.] "[/He] gaped like a
gulf when he did gern." Spenser.

Ger"ner (?), n. A garner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Ger`o*co"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Gerocomy.

Ger`o*com"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to gerocomy. Dr. John Smith.

Ge*roc"o*my (?), n. [F. gÈrocomie, fr. Gr. &?; an old man + &?; to take
care of.] That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people.

||Ge*ron"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.)
||Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings, constituted the
||supreme civil authority.

Ger`on*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, an old man + &?; to rule.]
Government by old men. [R.] Gladstone.

||Ger`o*pig"i*a (?), n. [Pg. geropiga.] A mixture composed of
||unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of
||wines. [Written also jerupigia.]

-ger*ous (?). [L. -ger, fr. gerere to bear, carry. See Jest.] A suffix
signifying bearing, producing; as, calcigerous; dentigerous.

Ger`ry*man"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gerrymandered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gerrymandering.] To divide (a State) into districts for the choice
of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give
a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U.
S.]

This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge Gerry was
governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though
it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. Bartlett.

Ger"und (?), n. [L. gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry, perform. See
Gest a deed, Jest.] (Lat. Gram.)

1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the
singular number, and governing cases like a participle.

2. (AS. Gram.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually
denoting purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic
hÊbbe mete tÙ etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name
has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a
transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.

Ge*run"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a
gerundial use.

Ge*run"dive (?), a. [L. gerundivus.] Pertaining to, or partaking of,
the nature of the gerund; gerundial. -- n. (Lat. Gram.) The future
passive participle; as, amandus, i. e., to be loved.

Ge*run"dive*ly, adv. In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a
gerund.

Ger"y (?), a. [See Gerful.] Changeable; fickle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ges"ling (?), n. A gosling. [Prov. Eng.]

Gesse (?), v. t. & i. To guess. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gest (?), n. A guest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gest (?), n. [OF. geste exploit. See Jest.]

1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show;
ceremony. [Obs.] Mede.

3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Spenser.

4. Gesture; bearing; deportment. [Archaic]

    Through his heroic grace and honorable gest.


Spenser.

Gest (?), n. [Cf. Gist a resting place.]

1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or
progress; a rest. [Obs.] Kersey.

2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress.
Many of them are extant in the herald's office. [Obs.] Hanmer.

Ges"tant (?), a. [L. gestans, p. pr. of gestare.] Bearing within;
laden; burdened; pregnant. [R.] "Clouds gestant with heat." Mrs.
Browning.

Ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gestatio a bearing, carrying, fr. gestare to
bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum, to bear: cf. F. gestation. See
Gest deed, Jest.]

1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments). [Obs.]

2. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery;
pregnancy.

3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in a
carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise.
Dunglison.

Ges"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. gestatorius that serves for carrying: cf. F.
gestatoire.]

1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.

2. Capable of being carried or worn. [Obs. or R.]

Geste (?), v. i. To tell stories or gests. [Obs.]

Ges"tic (?), a. [See Gest a deed, Gesture.]

1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary.

    And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore.


Goldsmith.

2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; -- said
especially with reference to dancing.

    Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic art.


Sir W. Scott.

Ges*tic"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gesticulated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gesticulating.] [L. gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to
gesticulate, fr. gesticulus a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of
gestus gesture, fr. gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See
Gestic.] To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures.
Sir T. Herbert.

Ges*tic"u*late, v. t. To represent by gesture; to act. [R.] B. Jonson.

Ges*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gesticulatio: cf. F. gesticulation.] 1.
The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or
enforce sentiments.

2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in
representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and sentiments.
Macaulay.

3. Antic tricks or motions. B. Jonson.

Ges*tic"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who gesticulates.

Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Representing by, or belonging to, gestures.
T. Warton.

Ges"tour (?), n. [See Gest a deed.] A reciter of gests or legendary
tales; a story- teller. [Obs.]

    Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales.


Chaucer.

Ges"tur*al (?), a. Relating to gesture.

Ges"ture (?), n. [LL. gestura mode of action, fr. L. gerere, gestum, to
bear, behave, perform, act. See Gest a deed.] 1. Manner of carrying the
body; position of the body or limbs; posture. [Obs.]

    Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture used by many
    nations.


Sir T. Browne.

2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion;
any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to
enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion.

    Humble and reverent gestures.


Hooker.

    Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In every gesture
    dignity and love.


Milton.

Ges"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gestured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gesturing.]
To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to gesticulate.

    It is not orderly read, nor gestured as beseemeth.


Hooker.

Ges"ture, v. i. To make gestures; to gesticulate.

    The players . . . gestured not undecently withal.


Holland.

Ges"ture*less, a. Free from gestures.

Ges"ture*ment (?), n. Act of making gestures; gesturing. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

Get (?), n. Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Get (?), n. [OF. get.] 1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Get (gt), v. t. [imp. Got (gt) (Obs. Gat (gt)); p. p. Got (Obsolescent
Gotten (gt"t'n)); p. pr. & vb. n. Getting.] [OE. geten, AS. gitan,
gietan (in comp.); akin to Icel. geta, Goth. bigitan to find, L.
prehendere to seize, take, Gr. chanda`nein to hold, contain. Cf.
Comprehend, Enterprise, Forget, Impregnable, Prehensile.] 1. To
procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn; to
obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any means;
as, to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to
get land by purchase, etc.

2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession of; to
have. Johnson.

    Thou hast got the face of man.


Herbert.

3. To beget; to procreate; to generate.

    I had rather to adopt a child than get it.


Shak.

4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to
memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out; as, to get out one's Greek
lesson.

    It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart, than to pen
    twenty.


Bp. Fell.

5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.

    Get him to say his prayers.


Shak.

6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; --
with a following participle.

    Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched.


Shak.

7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use.

    Get thee out from this land.


Gen. xxxi. 13.

    He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of Mega.


Knolles.

Get, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying motion, to
express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of the verb, of
the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus, to get in, to
cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get in the hay; to get
out, to make come forth, to extract; to get off, to take off, to
remove; to get together, to cause to come together, to collect.

To get by heart, to commit to memory. - - To get the better of, To get
the best of, to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue. -- To
get up, to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange;
to construct; to invent; as, to get up a celebration, a machine, a
book, an agitation.

Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See Obtain.

Get (gt), v. i. 1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive
accessions; to be increased.

    We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get.


Shak.

2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or
position; to come to be; to become; -- with a following adjective or
past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to get sober;
to get awake; to get beaten; to get elected.

    To get rid of fools and scoundrels.


Pope.

    His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast.


Coleridge.

It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a power of
verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus we say to
get acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed. Earle.

Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following preposition, or
adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the subject of the act,
movement or action of the kind signified by the preposition or adverb;
or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to
advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to leave, to escape; to
disengage one's self from; to get down, to descend, esp. with effort,
as from a literal or figurative elevation; to get along, to make
progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; to get in, to enter; to
get out, to extricate one's self, to escape; to get through, to
traverse; also, to finish, to be done; to get to, to arrive at, to
reach; to get off, to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to
escape, to come off clear; to get together, to assemble, to convene.

To get ahead, to advance; to prosper. - - To get along, to proceed; to
advance; to prosper. -- To get a mile (or other distance), to pass over
it in traveling. -- To get among, to go or come into the company of; to
become one of a number. -- To get asleep, to fall asleep. -- To get
astray, to wander out of the right way. -- To get at, to reach; to make
way to. To get away with, to carry off; to capture; hence, to get the
better of; to defeat. -- To get back, to arrive at the place from which
one departed; to return. -- To get before, to arrive in front, or more
forward. -- To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag. -- To get
between, to arrive between. -- To get beyond, to pass or go further
than; to exceed; to surpass. "Three score and ten is the age of man, a
few get beyond it." Thackeray. -- To get clear, to disengage one's
self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or burden; also,
to be freed from danger or embarrassment. -- To get drunk, to become
intoxicated. -- To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to
prosper; to advance in wealth. -- To get home, to arrive at one's
dwelling, goal, or aim. -- To get into. (a) To enter, as, "she prepared
to get into the coach." Dickens. (b) To pass into, or reach; as, " a
language has got into the inflated state." Keary. -- To get loose or
free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement. -- To
get near, to approach within a small distance. -- To get on, to
proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get over. (a) To pass over,
surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty. (b) To recover
from, as an injury, a calamity. -- To get through. (a) To pass through
something. (b) To finish what one was doing. -- To get up. (a) To rise;
to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc. (b) To ascend; to climb, as a
hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.

Get, n. Offspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion.

Get"en (?), obs. p. p. of Get. Chaucer.

Geth (?), the original third pers. sing. pres. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Get"-pen`ny (?), n. Something which gets or gains money; a successful
affair. [Colloq.] Chapman.

Get"ta*ble (?), a. That may be obtained. [R.]

Get"ter (?), n. One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or
procreates.

Get"ter*up`, n. One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything, as
a book, a machine, etc. [Colloq.]

    A diligent getter-up of miscellaneous works.


W. Irving.

Get"ting (?), n. 1. The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.

    With all thy getting, get understanding.


Prov. iv. 7.

2. That which is got or obtained; gain; profit.

Get"-up (?), n. General composition or structure; manner in which the
parts of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc. [Colloq.]
H. Kingsley.

Gew"gaw (?), n. [OE. gigawe, gugawe, gewgaude, prob. the same word as
OE. givegove gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated form fr. AS. gifan to
give; cf. also F. joujou plaything, and E. gaud, n. See Give, and cf.
Giffgaff.] A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but
worthless bauble.

    A heavy gewgaw called a crown.


Dryden.

Gew"gaw, a. Showy; unreal; pretentious.

    Seeing his gewgaw castle shine.


Tennyson.

Gey"ser (?), n. [Icel. geysir, fr. geysa to rush furiously, fr. gjsa to
gush. Cf. Gush.] A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent
intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of
steam.

Geysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand. In the
Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and some of
them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a
height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called geyser
basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with which geyser water is
charged, forms geyser cones about the orifice, often of great size and
beauty.

<! p. 624 !>

Gey"ser*ite (?), n. [From Geyser.] (Min.) A loose hydrated form of
silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary cauliflowerlike
masses, around some hot springs and geysers.

||Ghar"ry (?), n. [Hind. g&?;i.] Any wheeled cart or carriage. [India]

Ghast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten. See Ghastly, a.] To strike aghast; to
affright. [Obs.]

    Ghasted by the noise I made. Full suddenly he fled.


Shak.

Ghast"ful (?), a. [See Ghastly, a.] Fit to make one aghast; dismal.
[Obs.] -- Ghast"ful*ly, adv.

Ghast"li*ness (?), n. The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look.

Ghast"ly (?), a. [Compar. Ghastlier (?); superl. Ghastliest.] [OE.
gastlich, gastli, fearful, causing fear, fr. gasten to terrify, AS.
gÊstan. Cf. Aghast, Gast, Gaze, Ghostly.] 1. Like a ghost in
appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal.

    Each turned his face with a ghastly pang.


Coleridge.

    His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be recognized.


Macaulay.

2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous.

    Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail.


Milton.

Ghast"ly, adv. In a ghastly manner; hideously.

    Staring full ghastly like a strangled man.


Shak.

Ghast"ness, n. Ghastliness. [Obs.] Shak.

{ ||Ghat Ghaut } (?), n. [Hind. ght.]

1. A pass through a mountain. [India] J. D. Hooker.

2. A range of mountains. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).

3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf. [India]
Malcom.

||Gha*wa"zi (?), n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.] Egyptian dancing girls, of
||a lower sort than the almeh.

{ Ghe"ber Ghe"bre } (?), n. [Pers. ghebr: cf. F. GuËbre. Cf. Giaour.] A
worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.

Ghee (g), n. [Hind. gh clarified butter, Skr. ghta.] Butter clarified
by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil. [India] Malcom.

Gher"kin (gr"kn), n. [D. agurkje, a dim. akin to G. gurke, Dan. agurke;
cf. Pol. ogÛrek, Bohem. okurka, LGr. 'aggoy`rion watermelon, Ar.
al-khiyr, Per. khiyr.]

1. (Bot.) A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles.

2. (Zoˆl.) See Sea gherkin.

Ghess (?), v. t. & i. See Guess. [Obs.]

||Ghet"to (?), n. [It.] The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city.

    I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell.


Evelyn.

Ghib"el*line (?), n. [It. Ghibellino; of German origin.] (It. Hist.)
One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which
favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of
the poses. Brande & C.

Ghole (?), n. See Ghoul.

Ghost (?), n. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gst breath, spirit,
soul; akin to OS. g&?;st spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to
E. gaze, ghastly.]

1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.]

    Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament.


Spenser.

2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a
spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter.

    The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose.


Shak.

    I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a blessed ghost.


Coleridge.

3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a
glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the ghost of an idea.

    Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.


Poe.

4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the surfaces
of one or more lenses.

Ghost moth (Zoˆl.), a large European moth (Hepialus humuli); so called
from the white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; --
called also great swift. -- Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete;
the Comforter; (Theol.) the third person in the Trinity. -- To give up
or yield up the ghost, to die; to expire.

    And he gave up the ghost full softly.


Chaucer.

    Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people


. Gen. xlix. 33.

Ghost, v. i. To die; to expire. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Ghost, v. t. To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition. [Obs.]
Shak.

Ghost"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A pale unspotted variety of the wrymouth.

Ghost"less, a. Without life or spirit. [R.]

Ghost"like` (?), a. Like a ghost; ghastly.

Ghost"li*ness, n. The quality of being ghostly.

Ghost"ly, a. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gstlic. See Ghost.] 1.
Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly
confessor.

    Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies.


Book of Common Prayer [Ch. of Eng. ]

    One of the gostly children of St. Jerome.


Jer. Taylor.

2. Of or pertaining to apparitions. Akenside.

Ghost"ly, adv. Spiritually; mystically. Chaucer.

Ghost*ol"o*gy (?), n. Ghost lore. [R.]

    It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of
    ghostology and witchcraft.


Hawthorne.

Ghoul (gl), n. [Per. ghl an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour
men and animals: cf. Ar. ghl, F. goule.] An imaginary evil being among
Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies. [Written
also ghole .] Moore.

Ghoul"ish, a. Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike.

Ghyll (?), n. A ravine. See Gill a woody glen. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Wordsworth.

||Gial`lo*li"no (?), n. [It., from giallo yellow, prob. fr. OHG. gelo,
||G. gelb; akin to E. yellow.] A term variously employed by early
||writers on art, though commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead,
||or massicot. Fairholt.

Giam"beux (zhm"b), n. pl. [See Jambeux.] Greaves; armor for the legs.
[Obs.] Spenser.

Gi"ant (?), n. [OE. giant, geant, geaunt, OF. jaiant, geant, F. gÈant,
L. gigas, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, from the root of E. gender, genesis. See
Gender, and cf. Gigantic.]

1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature.

    Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise.


Milton.

2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or
intellectual.

3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power.

Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county
of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland.

Gi"ant, a. Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as,
giant brothers; a giant son.

Giant cell. (Anat.) See Myeloplax. -- Giant clam (Zoˆl.), a bivalve
shell of the genus Tridacna, esp. T. gigas, which sometimes weighs 500
pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to contain holy
water. -- Giant heron (Zoˆl.), a very large African heron (Ardeomega
goliath). It is the largest heron known. -- Giant kettle, a pothole of
very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers.
See Pothole. -- Giant powder. See Nitroglycerin. -- Giant puffball
(Bot.), a fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum), edible when young, and when
dried used for stanching wounds. -- Giant salamander (Zoˆl.), a very
large aquatic salamander (Megalobatrachus maximus), found in Japan. It
is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long. -- Giant squid
(Zoˆl.), one of several species of very large squids, belonging to
Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long.

Gi"ant*ess, n. A woman of extraordinary size.

Gi"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. gÈantiser.] To play the giant. [R.]
Sherwood.

Gi"ant*ly, a. Appropriate to a giant. [Obs.] Usher.

Gi"ant*ry (?), n. The race of giants. [R.] Cotgrave.

Gi"ant*ship, n. The state, personality, or character, of a giant; -- a
compellation for a giant.

    His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen


. Milton.

||Giaour (?), n. [Turk. giaur an infidel, Per. gawr, another form of
||ghebr fire worshiper. Cf. Kaffir, Gheber .] An infidel; -- a term
||applied by Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion,
||especially Christrians. Byron.

Gib (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. Gilbert, the name of the cat in the old
story of "Reynard the Fox". in the "Romaunt of the Rose", etc.] A male
cat; a tomcat. [Obs.]

Gib, v. i. To act like a cat. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Gib (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A piece or slip of metal or wood,
notched or otherwise, in a machine or structure, to hold other parts in
place or bind them together, or to afford a bearing surface; -- usually
held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or screw.

Gib and key, or Gib and cotter (Steam Engine), the fixed wedge or gib,
and the driving wedge,key, or cotter, used for tightening the strap
which holds the brasses at the end of a connecting rod.

Gib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbing.] To
secure or fasten with a gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib, or gibs.

Gibbed lathe, an engine lathe in which the tool carriage is held down
to the bed by a gib instead of by a weight.

Gib (?), v. i. To balk. See Jib, v. i. Youatt.

Gib*bar"tas (?), n. [Cf. Ar. jebbr giant; or L. gibber humpbacked: cf.
F. gibbar.] (Zoˆl.) One of several finback whales of the North
Atlantic; -- called also Jupiter whale. [Written also jubartas,
gubertas, dubertus.]

Gib"ber (?), n. [From Gib to balk.] A balky horse. Youatt.

Gib"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gibbering.] [Akin to jabber, and gabble.] To speak rapidly and
inarticulately. Shak.

Gib"ber*ish (?), n. [From Gibber, v. i.] Rapid and inarticulate talk;
unintelligible language; unmeaning words; jargon.

    He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go; All kinds of gibberish he
    had learnt to know.


Drayton.

    Such gibberish as children may be heard amusing themselves with.


Hawthorne.

Gib"ber*ish, a. Unmeaning; as, gibberish language.

Gib"bet (?), n. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL.
gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet,
and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an under waistcoat, doublet,
Prov. It. gibba (cf. Jupon); so that it perhaps originally signified a
halter, a rope round the neck of malefactors; or it is, perhaps,
derived fr. L. gibbus hunched, humped, E. gibbous; or cf. E. jib a
sail.]

1. A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the
top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their
bodies allowed to remain as a warning.

2. The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended; the
jib.

Gib"bet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbeted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbeting.]

1. To hang and expose on a gibbet.

2. To expose to infamy; to blacken.

    I'll gibbet up his name.


Oldham.

Gib"bier (?), n. [F. gibier.] Wild fowl; game. [Obs.] Addison.

Gib"bon (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbon.] (Zoˆl.) Any arboreal ape of the genus
Hylobates, of which many species and varieties inhabit the East Indies
and Southern Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches, and
have very long arms, adapted for climbing.

The white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), the crowned (H. pilatus), the
wou-wou or singing gibbon (H. agilis), the siamang, and the hoolock.
are the most common species.

Gib" boom` (?). See Jib boom.

Gib*bose" (?), a. [L. gibbosus, fr. gibbus, gibba, hunch, hump. Cf.
Gibbous.] Humped; protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one
or more large elevations. Brande & C.

Gib*bost"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbositÈ.] The state of being gibbous or
gibbose; gibbousness.

Gib"bous (?), a. [Cf. F. gibbeux. See Gibbose.]

1. Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant; convex; as, the
moon is gibbous between the half- moon and the full moon.

    The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member.


Wiseman.

2. Hunched; hump-backed. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

-- Gib"bous*ly, adv. -- Gib"bous*ness, n.

Gibbs"ite (?), n. [Named after George Gibbs.] (Min.) A hydrate of
alumina.

Gib"-cat` (?), n. A male cat, esp. an old one. See lst Gib. n. [Obs.]
Shak.

Gibe (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibing.] [Cf.
Prov. F. giber, equiv. to F. jouer to play, Icel. geipa to talk
nonsense, E. jabber.] To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to
rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff.

    Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout.


Swift.

Gibe, v. i. To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff
at; to mock.

    Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their features, while I
    gibe them.


Swift.

Gibe, n. An expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a
taunt; a sneer.

    Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns.


Shak.

    With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me.


Tennyson.

||Gib"el (?), n. [G. gibel, giebel.] (Zoˆl.) A kind of carp (Cyprinus
||gibelio); -- called also Prussian carp.

Gib"er (?) n. One who utters gibes. B. Jonson.

Gib"fish` (?), n. The male of the salmon. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Gib"ing*ly (?), adv. In a gibing manner; scornfully.

Gib"let (?), a. Made of giblets; as, a giblet pie.

Gib"lets (?), n. pl. [OE. gibelet, OF. gibelet game: cf. F. gibelotte
stewed rabbit. Cf. Gibbier.] The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart,
gizzard, liver, etc.), of poultry.

Gib"staff` (?), n. [Prov. E. gib a hooked stick + E. staff.] 1. A staff
to guage water, or to push a boat.

2. A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the stage. [Obs.]
Bailey.

Gid (?), n. [Cf. Giddy, a.] A disease of sheep, characterized by
vertigo; the staggers. It is caused by the presence of the C&?;nurus, a
larval tapeworm, in the brain. See C&?;nurus.

Gid"di*ly (?), adv. In a giddy manner.

Gid"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being giddy.

Gid"dy (?), a. [Compar. Giddier (?); superl. Giddiest.] [OE. gidi mad,
silly, AS. gidig, of unknown origin, cf. Norw. gidda to shake,
tremble.]

1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling about; having
lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and therefore
wavering and inclined to fall; lightheaded; dizzy.

    By giddy head and staggering legs betrayed.


Tate.

2. Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a giddy height; a giddy
precipice. Prior.

    Upon the giddy footing of the hatches.


Shak.

3. Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round with
celerity; gyratory; whirling.

    The giddy motion of the whirling mill.


Pope.

4. Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable; fickle; wild;
thoughtless; heedless. "Giddy, foolish hours." Rowe. "Giddy chance."
Dryden.

    Young heads are giddy and young hearts are warm.


Cowper.

Gid"dy, v. i. To reel; to whirl. Chapman.

Gid"dy, v. t. To make dizzy or unsteady. [Obs.]

Gid"dy-head` (?), n. A person without thought fulness, prudence, or
judgment. [Colloq.] Burton.

Gid"dy-head`ed (?), a. Thoughtless; unsteady.

Gid"dy-paced` (?), a. Moving irregularly; flighty; fickle. [R.] Shak.

Gie (?), v. t. To guide. See Gye . [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gie (?), v. t. To give. [Scot.] Burns.

Gier"-ea`gle (?), n. [Cf. D. gier vulture, G. gier, and E. gyrfalcon.]
(Zoˆl.) A bird referred to in the Bible (Lev. xi. 18and Deut. xiv. 17)
as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus).

Gier"-fal`con (?), n. [Cf. Gier- eagle, Gyrfalcon.] (Zoˆl.) The
gyrfalcon.

Gie"seck*ite (?), n. [Named after Karl Giesecke.] (Min.) A mineral
occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a greasy luster. It
is probably a pseudomorph after elÊolite.

Gif (?), conj. [AS. See If.] If. [Obs.]

Gif is the old form of if, and frequently occurs in the earlier English
writers. See If.

<! p. 625 !>

Gif"fard in*ject"or (?). (Mach.) See under Injector.

Giff"gaff (?), n. [Reduplicated fr. give.] Mutual accommodation; mutual
giving. [Scot.]

Gif"fy (?), n. [Obs.] See Jiffy.

Gift (?), n. [OE. gift, yift, yeft, AS. gift, fr. gifan to give; akin
to D. & G. gift, Icel. gift, gipt, Goth. gifts (in comp.). See Give, v.
t.] 1. Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one person
to another without compensation; a present; an offering.

    Shall I receive by gift, what of my own, . . . I can command ?


Milton.

2. The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; as, the office is
in the gift of the President.

3. A bribe; anything given to corrupt.

    Neither take a gift, for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise.


Deut. xvi. 19.

4. Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a preÎminent and
special talent or aptitude; power; faculty; as, the gift of wit; a gift
for speaking.

5. (Law) A voluntary transfer of real or personal property, without any
consideration. It can be perfected only by deed, or in case of personal
property, by an actual delivery of possession. Bouvier. Burrill.

Gift rope (Naut), a rope extended to a boat for towing it; a guest
rope.

Syn. -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon; bounty;
gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty. -- Gift, Present, Donation. These
words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously imparted to
another out of one's property. A gift is something given whether by a
superior or an inferior, and is usually designed for the relief or
benefit of him who receives it. A present is ordinarly from an equal or
inferior, and is always intended as a compliment or expression of
kindness. Donation is a word of more dignity, denoting, properly, a
gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made either to some
public institution, or to an individual on account of his services to
the public; as, a donation to a hospital, a charitable society, or a
minister.

Gift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gifting.] To endow
with some power or faculty.

    He was gifted . . . with philosophical sagacity.


I. Taylor.

Gift"ed*ness, n. The state of being gifted. Echard.

Gig (jg or gg), n. [Cf. OF. gigue. See Jig, n.] A fiddle. [Obs.]

Gig (gg), v. t. [Prob. fr. L. gignere to beget.] To engender. [Obs.]
Dryden.

Gig, n. A kind of spear or harpoon. See Fishgig.

Gig, v. t. To fish with a gig.

Gig, n. [OE. gigge. Cf. Giglot.] A playful or wanton girl; a giglot.

Gig, n. [Cf. Icel. ggja fiddle, MHG. gge, G. geige, Icel. geiga to take
a wrong direction, rove at random, and E. jig.] 1. A top or whirligig;
any little thing that is whirled round in play.

    Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy gig.


Shak.

2. A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a
kind of chaise.

3. (Naut.) A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and designed
to be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the commanding officer;
as, the captain's gig.

4. (Mach.) A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or teasels, for
teaseling woolen cloth.

Gig machine, Gigging machine, Gig mill, or Napping machine. See Gig, 4.
-- Gig saw. See Jig saw.

Gi`gan*te"an (?), a. [L. giganteus, fr. gigas, antis. See Giant.] Like
a giant; mighty; gigantic. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Gi`gan*tesque" (?), a. [F.] Befitting a giant; bombastic; magniloquent.

    The sort of mock-heroic gigantesque With which we bantered little
    Lilia first.


Tennyson.

Gi*gan"tic (?), a. [L. gigas, -antis, giant. See Giant.] 1. Of
extraordinary size; like a giant.

2. Such as a giant might use, make, or cause; immense; tremendous;
extraordinarly; as, gigantic deeds; gigantic wickedness. Milton.

    When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Strom wind of the
    equinox.


Longfellow.

Gi*gan"tic*al, a. Bulky, big. [Obs.] Burton. -- Gi*gan"tic*al*ly, adv.

Gi*gan"ti*cide (?), n. [. gigas, -antis, giant + caedere to kill.] The
act of killing, or one who kills, a giant. Hallam.

Gi*gan"tine (?), a. Gigantic. [Obs.] Bullokar.

Gi`gan*tol"og*y (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, giant + -logy: cf. F.
gigantologie.] An account or description of giants.

Gi`gan*tom"a*chy (?), n. [L. gigantomachia, fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;,
giant + &?; battle: cf. F. gigantomachie.] A war of giants; especially,
the fabulous war of the giants against heaven.

Gige (gj or gj), Guige, n. [OF. guide, guiche.] (Anc. Armor) The
leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung across the
shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder. Meyrick (Ancient Armor).

||Gi*ge"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Gigeria (#). [NL., fr. L. gigeria, pl., the
||cooked entrails of poultry.] (Anat.) The muscular stomach, or
||gizzard, of birds.

Gig"get (?), n. Same as Gigot.

    Cut the slaves to giggets.


Beau. & Fl.

Gig"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Giggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Giggling
(?).] [Akin to gaggle: cf. OD. ghichelen, G. kichern.] To laugh with
short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a light, affected, or
silly manner; to titter with childish levity.

    Giggling and laughing with all their might At the piteous hap of
    the fairy wight.


J. R. Drake.

Gig"gle (?), n. A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or
breath; a light, silly laugh.

Gig"gler (?), n. One who giggles or titters.

Gig"gly (?), a. Prone to giggling. Carlyle.

Gig"got (?), n. See Gigot. [Obs.] Chapman.

Gig"gyng (?), n. [See Gige.] The act of fastending the gige or leather
strap to the shield. [Obs.] "Gigging of shields." Chaucer.

{ Gig"lot (?), Gig"let (?), } n. [Cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person,
Dan. giek a fool, silly man, AS. gagol, gÊgl, lascivious, wanton, MHG.
gogel wanton, giege fool, and E. gig a wanton person.] A wanton; a
lascivious or light, giddy girl. [Obs.]

    The giglet is willful, and is running upon her fate.


Sir W. Scott.

Gig"lot (?), a. Giddi; light; inconstant; wanton. [Obs.] "O giglot
fortune!" Shak.

Gig"ot, Gig"got (&?;), n. [F., fr. OF. gigue fiddle; -- on account of
the resemblance in shape. See Jig, n.]

1. A leg of mutton.

2. A small piece of flesh; a slice. [Obs.]

    The rest in giggots cut, they spit.


Chapman.

Gi"la mon"ster (?). (Zoˆl.) A large tuberculated lizard (Heloderma
suspectum) native of the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is
the only lizard known to have venomous teeth.

Gild (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gilded or Gilt (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gilding.] [AS. gyldan, from gold gold. &radic;234. See Gold.] 1. To
overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden color; to
cause to look like gold. "Gilded chariots." Pope.

    No more the rising sun shall gild the morn.


Pope.

2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten.

    Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm evening of your
    day.


Trumbull.

3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish;
as, to gild a lie. Shak.

4. To make red with drinking. [Obs.]

    This grand liquior that hath gilded them.


Shak.

Gild"ale` (?), n. [AS. gilgan to pay + E. ale. See Yield, v. t., and
Ale.] A drinking bout in which every one pays an equal share. [Obs.]

Gild"en (?), a. Gilded. Holland.

Gild"er (?), n. One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with
gold.

Gil"der (?), n. A Dutch coin. See Guilder.

Gild"ing (gld"ng), n. 1. The art or practice of overlaying or covering
with gold leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which
resembles gold.

2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface.

3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid
and genuine.

Gilding metal, a tough kind of sheet brass from which cartridge shells
are made.

Gile (?), n. [See Guile.] Guile. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gill (?), n. [Dan. giÊlle, gelle; akin to Sw. g‰l, Icel. gjˆlnar gills;
cf. AS. geagl, geahl, jaw.] 1. (Anat.) An organ for aquatic
respiration; a branchia.

    Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills.


Ray.

Gills are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through which the
blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action of the air
contained in the water. In vertebrates they are appendages of the
visceral arches on either side of the neck. In invertebrates they
occupy various situations.

2. pl. (Bot.) The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under
surface of a mushroom.

3. (Zoˆl.) The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a
wattle.

4. The flesh under or about the chin. Swift.

5. (Spinning) One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which
divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments.
[Prob. so called from F. aiguilles, needles. Ure.]

Gill arches, Gill bars. (Anat.) Same as Branchial arches. -- Gill
clefts. (Anat.) Same as Branchial clefts. See under Branchial. -- Gill
cover, Gill lid. See Operculum. -- Gill frame, or Gill head (Flax
Manuf.), a spreader; a machine for subjecting flax to the action of
gills. Knight. -- Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water that
its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when
they seek to extricate themselves. -- Gill opening, or Gill slit
(Anat.), an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some
amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged. In most
fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the sharks and
rays there are five, or more, on each side. -- Gill rakes, or Gill
rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the
branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from
being carried into gill cavities.

Gill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A two-wheeled frame for transporting
timber. [Prov. Eng.]

Gill, n. A leech. [Also gell.] [Scot.] Jameison.

Gill, n. [Icel. gil.] A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a
stream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Gill (?), n. [OF. gille, gelle, a sort of measure for wine, LL. gillo,
gello., Cf. Gallon.] A measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a
pint.

Gill (?), n. [Abbrev. from Gillian.] 1. A young woman; a sweetheart; a
flirting or wanton girl. "Each Jack with his Gill." B. Jonson.

2. (Bot.) The ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma); -- called also gill over
the ground, and other like names.

3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy.

Gill ale. (a) Ale flavored with ground ivy. (b) (Bot.) Alehoof.

Gill"-flirt` (?), n. A thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill. Sir W.
Scott.

Gill"house`, n. A shop where gill is sold.

    Thee shall each alehouse, thee each gillhouse mourn.


Pope.

Gil"li*an (?), n. [OE. Gillian, a woman's name, for Julian, Juliana.
Cf. Gill a girl.] A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

{ Gil"lie Gil"ly } (?), n. [Gael. gille, giolla, boy, lad.] A boy or
young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the Scottish Highlands.
Sir W. Scott.

Gil"ly*flow`er (?), n. [OE. gilofre, gilofer, clove, OF. girofre,
girofle, F. girofle: cf. F. giroflÈe gillyflower, fr. girofle, Gr. &?;
clove tree; &?; nut + &?; leaf, akin to E. foliage. Cf. Caryophyllus,
July- flower.] (Bot.) 1. A name given by old writers to the clove pink
(Dianthus Caryophyllus) but now to the common stock (Matthiola incana),
a cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant blossoms, usually purplish,
but often pink or white.

2. A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape, purplish red color,
and having a large core.

[Written also gilliflower.]

Clove gillyflower, the clove pink. -- Marsh gillyflower, the ragged
robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi). -- Queen's, or Winter, gillyflower,
damewort. -- Sea gillyflower, the thrift (Armeria vulgaris). -- Wall
gillyflower, the wallflower (Cheiranthus Cheiri). -- Water gillyflower,
the water violet.

Gil"our (?), n. [OF.] A guiler; deceiver. [Obs.]

Gilse (?), n. [W. gleisiad, fr. glas blue.] (Zoˆl.) See Grilse.

Gilt (?), n. [See Geld, v. t.] (Zoˆl.) A female pig, when young.

Gilt, imp. & p. p. of Gild.

Gilt, p. p. & a. Gilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold;
golden yellow. "Gilt hair" Chaucer.

Gilt, n. 1. Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of
a thing; gilding. Shak.

2. Money. [Obs.] "The gilt of France." Shak.

{ Gilt"-edge` (?), Gilt"-edged` (?), } a. 1. Having a gilt edge; as,
gilt-edged paper.

2. Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable paper, etc. [Slang, U.
S.]

Gilt"head` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A marine fish. The name is applied to two
species: (a) The Pagrus, or Chrysophrys, auratus, a valuable food fish
common in the Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored head); --
called also giltpoll. (b) The Crenilabrus melops, of the British
coasts; -- called also golden maid, conner, sea partridge.

Gilt"if (?), a. [For gilti, by confusion with -if, -ive, in French
forms. See Guilty.] Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gilt"tail` (?), n. A yellow-tailed worm or larva.

Gim (?), a. [Cf. Gimp, a.] Neat; spruce. [Prov.]

Gim"bal (?), or Gim"bals (&?;), n. [See Gimmal, n.] A contrivance for
permitting a body to incline freely in all directions, or for
suspending anything, as a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer, etc.,
so that it will remain plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as
by the rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body can
turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the ring itself
is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a diameter at right
angles to the first.

Gimbal joint (Mach.), a universal joint embodying the principle of the
gimbal. -- Gimbal ring, a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye
of the upper millstone is supported on the spindle.

Gim"blet (?), n. & v. See Gimlet.

Gim"crack` (?), n. [OE., a spruce and pert pretender, also, a spruce
girl, prob. fr. gim + crack lad, boaster.] A trivial mechanism; a
device; a toy; a pretty thing. Arbuthnot.

Gim"let (?), n. [Also written and pronounced gimbled (&?;)] [OF.
guimbelet, guibelet, F. gibelet, prob. fr. OD. wimpel, weme, a bore,
wemelen to bore, to wimble. See Wimble, n.] A small tool for boring
holes. It has a leading screw, a grooved body, and a cross handle.

Gimlet eye, a squint-eye. [Colloq.] Wright.

Gim"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gimleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gimleting.] 1.
To pierce or make with a gimlet.

2. (Naut.) To turn round (an anchor) by the stock, with a motion like
turning a gimlet.

Gim"mal (?), n. [Prob. the same word as gemel. See Gemel, and cf.
Gimbal.] 1. Joined work whose parts move within each other; a pair or
series of interlocked rings.

2. A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer. [Obs.]

Gim"mal, a. Made or consisting of interlocked rings or links; as,
gimmal mail.

    In their pale dull mouths the gimmal bit Lies foul with chewed
    grass.


Shak.

Gimmal joint. See Gimbal joint, under Gimbal.

Gim"mer, Gim"mor (&?;), n. [Cf. Gimmal, n.] A piece of mechanism;
mechanical device or contrivance; a gimcrack. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Shak.

<! p. 626 !>

Gimp (?), a. [W. gwymp fair, neat, comely.] Smart; spruce; trim; nice.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Gimp, n. [OF. guimpe, guimple, a nun's wimple, F. guimpe, OHG. wimpal a
veil G. wimpel pennon, pendant. See Wimple, n.] A narrow ornamental
fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a metallic wire, or
sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; -- used as trimming for
dresses, furniture, etc.

    Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.


Gimp, v. t. To notch; to indent; to jag.

Gin (?), prep. [AS. ge·n. See Again.] Against; near by; towards; as,
gin night. [Scot.] A. Ross (1778).

Gin, conj. [See Gin, prep.] If. [Scotch] Jamieson.

Gin (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gan (?), Gon (&?;), or Gun (&?;); p. pr. &
vb. n. Ginning.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to
open, cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob.
akin to AS. gnan to yawn, and E. yawn. &?; See Yawn, v. i., and cf.
Begin.] To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as,
gan tell. See Gan. [Obs. or Archaic] "He gan to pray." Chaucer.

Gin (?), n. [Contr. from Geneva. See 2d Geneva.] A strong alcoholic
liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper
berries; -- also called Hollands and Holland gin, because originally,
and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is
usually flavored with turpentine.

Gin (?), n. [A contraction of engine.]

1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser.

2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a
tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys,
ropes, etc. (b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.

3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin.

The name is also given to an instrument of torture worked with screws,
and to a pump moved by rotary sails.

Gin block, a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which
a rope runs; -- called also whip gin, rubbish pulley, and monkey wheel.
-- Gin power, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin. -- Gin
race, or Gin ring, the path of the horse when putting a gin in motion.
Halliwell. -- Gin saw, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the
fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper. -- Gin wheel.
(a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the grid; a
brush wheel to clean away the lint. (b) (Mining) the drum of a whim.

Gin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ginned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.] 1. To
catch in a trap. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton.

Ging (?), n. Same as Gang, n., 2. [Obs.]

    There is a knot, a ging, a pack, a conspiracy against me.


Shak.

Gin*gal" (?), n. See Jingal.

Gin"ger (?), n. [OE. ginger, gingever, gingivere, OF. gengibre,
gingimbre, F. gingembre, L. zingiber, zingiberi, fr. Gr. &?;; of
Oriental origin; cf. Ar. & Pers. zenjebl, fr. Skr. &?;&?;&?;gavÎra,
prop., hornshaped; &?;&?;&?;ga horn + vÎra body.]

1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies.
The species most known is Z. officinale.

2. The hot and spicy rootstock of Zingiber officinale, which is much
used in cookery and in medicine.

Ginger beer or ale, a mild beer impregnated with ginger. -- Ginger
cordial, a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon rind, and water, and
sometimes whisky or brandy. -- Ginger pop. See Ginger beer (above). --
Ginger wine, wine impregnated with ginger. -- Wild ginger (Bot.), an
American herb (Asarum Canadense) with two reniform leaves and a long,
cordlike rootstock which has a strong taste of ginger.

Gin"ger*bread` (?), n. A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger,
and sometimes made in fanciful shapes. "Gingerbread that was full
fine." Chaucer.

Gingerbread tree (Bot.), the doom palm; -- so called from the
resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See Doom Palm. -- Gingerbread
work, ornamentation, in architecture or decoration, of a fantastic,
trivial, or tawdry character.

Gin"ger*ly, adv. [Prov. E. ginger brittle, tender; cf. dial. Sw.
gingla, g‰ngla, to go gently, totter, akin to E. gang.] Cautiously;
timidly; fastidiously; daintily.

    What is't that you took up so gingerly ?


Shak.

Gin"ger*ness, n. Cautiousness; tenderness.

Ging"ham (?), n. [F. guingan; cf. Jav. ginggang; or perh. fr. Guingamp,
in France.] A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or
checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; -- distinguished
from printed cotton or prints.

Ging"ing (?), n. (Mining) The lining of a mine shaft with stones or
bricks to prevent caving.

Gin"gi*val (?), a. [L. gingiva the gum.] Of or pertaining to the gums.
Holder.

Gin"gle (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Jingle.

Gin"gly*form (?), a. (Anat.) Ginglymoid.

||Gin`gly*mo"di (?), n. [NL.; cf. Gr. &?; ginglymoid. See Ginglymoid.]
||(Zoˆl.) An order of ganoid fishes, including the modern gar pikes and
||many allied fossil forms. They have rhombic, ganoid scales, a
||heterocercal tail, paired fins without an axis, fulcra on the fins,
||and a bony skeleton, with the vertebrÊ convex in front and concave
||behind, forming a ball and socket joint. See Ganoidel.

{ Gin"gly*moid (?), Gin`gly*moid"al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?; ginglymus +
&?; form: cf. F. ginglymoide, ginglymoÔdal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or
resembling, a ginglymus, or hinge joint; ginglyform.

||Gin"gly*mus (?), n.; pl. Ginglymi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a hingelike
||joint, a ball and socket joint.] (Anat.) A hinge joint; an
||articulation, admitting of flexion and extension, or motion in two
||directions only, as the elbow and the ankle.

Gin"house` (?), n. A building where cotton is ginned.

Gink"go (?), n.; pl. Ginkgoes (#). [Chin., silver fruit.] (Bot.) A
large ornamental tree (Ginkgo biloba) from China and Japan, belonging
to the Yew suborder of ConiferÊ. Its leaves are so like those of some
maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the maidenhair tree.

Gin"nee (?), n.; pl. Ginn (&?;). See Jinnee.

Gin"net (?), n. See Genet, a horse.

Gin"ning (?), n. [See Gin, v. i.] Beginning. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gin"ny-car`riage (&?;), n. A small, strong carriage for conveying
materials on a railroad. [Eng.]

Gin"seng (?), n. [Chinese.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Aralia, the
root of which is highly valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The
Chinese plant (Aralia Schinseng) has become so rare that the American
(A. quinquefolia) has largely taken its place, and its root is now an
article of export from America to China. The root, when dry, is of a
yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste somewhat
resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight aromatic
bitterness.

Gin"shop` (?), n. A shop or barroom where gin is sold as a beverage.
[Colloq.]

Gip (?), v. t. To take out the entrails of (herrings).

Gip, n. A servant. See Gyp. Sir W. Scott.

Gi*poun" (?), n. [See Jupon.] A short cassock. [Written also gepoun,
gypoun, jupon, juppon.] [Obs.]

{ Gip"ser (?), Gip"sire (?), } n. [F. gibeciËre a game pouch or game
pocket. Cf. Gibbier.] A kind of pouch formerly worn at the girdle. Ld.
Lytton.

    A gipser all of silk, Hung at his girdle, white as mornÈ milk.


Chaucer.

Gip"sy (jp"s), n. & a. See Gypsy.

Gip"sy*ism (?), n. See Gypsyism.

Gi*raffe" (?), n. [F. girafe, Sp. girafa, from Ar. zurfa, zarfa.]
(Zoˆl.) An African ruminant (Camelopardalis giraffa) related to the
deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard.
It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the
hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore legs
are much longer than its hind legs.

Gir"an*dole (?), n. [F. See Gyrate.]

1. An ornamental branched candlestick.

2. A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of branching form.

3. (Pyrotechny) A kind of revolving firework.

4. (Fort.) A series of chambers in defensive mines. Farrow.

{ Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol } (?), n. [It. girasole, or F. girasol, fr. L.
gyrare to turn around + sol sun.]

1. (Bot.) See Heliotrope. [Obs.]

2. (Min.) A variety of opal which is usually milk white, bluish white,
or sky blue; but in a bright light it reflects a reddish color.

Gird (grd), n. [See Yard a measure.]

1. A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a pang.

    Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful girds and twinges which
    the atheist feels.


Tillotson.

2. A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer.

    I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio.


Shak.

Gird, v. t. [See Gird, n., and cf. Girde, v.]

1. To strike; to smite. [Obs.]

    To slay him and to girden off his head.


Chaucer.

2. To sneer at; to mock; to gibe.

    Being moved, he will not spare to gird the gods.


Shak.

Gird, v. i. To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter
severe sarcasms.

    Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me.


Shak.

Gird (grd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girt (?) or Girded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Girding.] [OE. girden, gurden, AS. gyrdan; akin to OS. gurdian, D.
gorden, OHG. gurten, G. g¸rten, Icel. gyra, Sw. gjorda, Dan. giorde,
Goth. bigaÌrdan to begird, and prob. to E. yard an inclosure. Cf.
Girth, n. & v., Girt, v. t.] 1. To encircle or bind with any flexible
band.

2. To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle, bandage,
etc.

3. To surround; to encircle, or encompass.

    That Nyseian isle, Girt with the River Triton.


Milton.

4. To clothe; to swathe; to invest.

    I girded thee about with fine linen.


Ezek. xvi. 10.

    The Son . . . appeared Girt with omnipotence.


Milton.

5. To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to gird one's self for a
contest.

    Thou hast girded me with strength.


Ps. xviii. 39.

To gird on, to put on; to fasten around or to one securely, like a
girdle; as, to gird on armor or a sword.

    Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that
    putteth it off.


1 Kings xx. 11.

-- To gird up, to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and
strengthen, as with a girdle.

    He girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab.


1 Kings xviii. 46.

    Gird up the loins of your mind.


1 Pet. i. 13.

-- Girt up; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for work, in
allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long flowing garments
into the girdle and tightening it before any exertion; hence,
adjectively, eagerly or constantly active; strenuous; striving. "A
severer, more girt-up way of living." J. C. Shairp.

Gird"er (?), n. [From Gird to sneer at.] One who girds; a satirist.

Gird"er, n. [From Gird to encircle.]

1. One who, or that which, girds.

2. (Arch. & Engin.) A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam to span an
opening or carry weight, such as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a
framed or built-up member discharging the same office, technically
called a compound girder. See Illusts. of Frame, and Doubleframed
floor, under Double.

Bowstring girder, Box girder, etc. See under Bowstring, Box, etc. --
Girder bridge. See under Bridge. -- Lattice girder, a girder consisting
of longitudinal bars united by diagonal crossing bars. -- Half-lattice
girder, a girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars
connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite
directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a series of
triangles. Knight. -- Sandwich girder, a girder consisting of two
parallel wooden beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole
clamped together by iron bolts.

Gird"ing, n. That with which one is girded; a girdle.

    Instead of a stomacher, a girding of sackcloth.


Is. iii. 24.

Gir"dle (?), n. A griddle. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

Gir"dle, n. [OE. gurdel, girdel, AS. gyrdel, fr. gyrdan; akin to D.
gordel, G. g¸rtel, Icel. gyr&?;ill. See Gird, v. t., to encircle, and
cf. Girth, n.]

1. That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a circumference; a belt;
esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress encircling the body usually at
the waist; a cestus.

    Within the girdle of these walls.


Shak.

    Their breasts girded with golden girdles.


Rev. xv. 6.

2. The zodiac; also, the equator. [Poetic] Bacon.

    From the world's girdle to the frozen pole.


Cowper.

    That gems the starry girdle of the year.


Campbell.

3. (Jewelry) The line ofgreatest circumference of a brilliant-cut
diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting. See Illust. of
Brilliant. Knight.

4. (Mining) A thin bed or stratum of stone. Raymond.

5. (Zoˆl.) The clitellus of an earthworm.

Girdle bone (Anat.), the sphenethmoid. See under Sphenethmoid. --
Girdle wheel, a spinning wheel. -- Sea girdle (Zoˆl.), a ctenophore.
See Venus's girdle, under Venus. -- Shoulder, Pectoral, &and; Pelvic,
girdle. (Anat.) See under Pectoral, and Pelvic. -- To have under the
girdle, to have bound to one, that is, in subjection.

Gir"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girdled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Girdling
(?).] 1. To bind with a belt or sash; to gird. Shak.

2. To inclose; to environ; to shut in.

    Those sleeping stones, That as a waist doth girdle you about.


Shak.

3. To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree, etc.) through the
bark and alburnum, thus killing it. [U. S.]

Gir"dler (?), n. 1. One who girdles.

2. A maker of girdles.

3. (Zoˆl.) An American longicorn beetle (Oncideres cingulatus) which
lays its eggs in the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each branch
by gnawing a groove around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food
for the larvÊ.

Gir"dle*stead (?), n. [Girdle + stead place.]

1. That part of the body where the girdle is worn. [Obs.]

    Sheathed, beneath his girdlestead.


Chapman.

2. The lap. [R.]

    There fell a flower into her girdlestead.


Swinburne.

Gire (?), n. [Obs.] See Gyre.

Gir"kin (?), n. [Obs.] See Gherkin.

Girl (?), n. [OE. girle, gerle, gurle, a girl (in sense 1): cf. LG. gˆr
child.]

1. A young person of either sex; a child. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A female child, from birth to the age of puberty; a young maiden.

3. A female servant; a maidservant. [U. S.]

4. (Zoˆl.) A roebuck two years old. [Prov. Eng.]

Girl"hood (?), n. State or time of being a girl.

Girl"ish, a. Like, or characteristic of, a girl; of or pertaining to
girlhood; innocent; artless; immature; weak; as, girlish ways; girlish
grief. -- Girl"ish*ly, adv. -- Girl"ish*ness, n.

Gir"lond (?), n. [See Garland, n.] A garland; a prize. [Obs.] Chapman.

Girn (?), v. i. [See Grin, n.] To grin. [Obs.]

Gi*ron"dist (?), n. [F. Girondiste.] A member of the moderate
republican party formed in the French legislative assembly in 1791. The
Girondists were so called because their leaders were deputies from the
department of La Gironde.

Gi*ron"dist, a. Of or pertaining to the Girondists. [Written also
Girondin.]

Gir"rock (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F. chicarou.] (Zoˆl.) A garfish. Johnson.

Girt (?), imp. & p. p. of Gird.

Girt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girted; p. pr. & vb. n. Girting.] [From Girt,
n., cf. Girth, v.] To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a
girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree.

    We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk, And girt thee with
    the sword.


Shak.

Girt, a. (Naut.) Bound by a cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two
anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the
current or tide.

<! p. 627 !>

Girt (grt), n. Same as Girth.

Girth (grth), n. [Icel. gjˆr girdle, or ger girth; akin to Goth.
gaÌrda girdle. See Gird to girt, and cf. Girdle, n.] 1. A band or strap
which encircles the body; especially, one by which a saddle is fastened
upon the back of a horse.

2. The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the
circumference of anything.

    He's a lu sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards
    in the girth.


Addison.

3. A small horizontal brace or girder.

Girth, v. t. [From Girth, n., cf. Girt, v. t.] To bind as with a girth.
[R.] Johnson.

Girt"line` (?), n. (Naut.) A gantline.

Hammock girtline, a line rigged for hanging out hammocks to dry.

Gis*arm" (?), n. [OF. gisarme, guisarme.] (MediÊval Armor) A weapon
with a scythe-shaped blade, and a separate long sharp point, mounted on
a long staff and carried by foot soldiers.

Gise (?), v. t. [See Agist.] To feed or pasture. [Obs.]

Gise (?), n. Guise; manner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gis"le (?), n. [AS. gsel; akin to G. geisel, Icel. gsl.] A pledge.
[Obs.] Bp. Gibson.

{ Gis*mon"dine (?), Gis*mon"dite (?), } n. [From the name of the
discoverer, Gismondi.] (Min.) A native hydrated silicate of alumina,
lime, and potash, first noticed near Rome.

Gist (?), n. [OF. giste abode, lodgings, F. gÓte, fr. gÈsir to lie, L.
jac&?;re, prop., to be thrown, hence, to lie, fr. jac&?;re to throw. In
the second sense fr. OF. gist, F. gÓt, 3d pers. sing. ind. of gÈsir to
lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est l‡ que gÓt le liËvre, it is there
that the hare lies, i. e., that is the point, the difficulty. See Jet a
shooting forth, and cf. Agist, Joist, n., Gest a stage in traveling.]
1. A resting place. [Obs.]

    These quails have their set gists; to wit, ordinary resting and
    baiting places.


Holland.

2. The main point, as of a question; the point on which an action
rests; the pith of a matter; as, the gist of a question.

Git (?), n. (Founding) See Geat.

Gite (?), n. A gown. [Obs.]

    She came often in a gite of red.


Chaucer.

Gith (?), n. [Prov. E., corn cockle; cf. W. gith corn cockle.] (Bot.)
The corn cockle; also anciently applied to the Nigella, or fennel
flower.

Git"tern (?), n. [OE. giterne, OF. guiterne, ultimately from same
source as E. guitar. See Guitar, and cf. Cittern.] An instrument like a
guitar. "Harps, lutes, and giternes." Chaucer.

Git"tern, v. i. To play on gittern. Milton.

Git"tith (?), n. [Heb.] A musical instrument, of unknown character,
supposed by some to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence
obtained by David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii.,
lxxxi., and lxxxiv. Dr. W. Smith.

Giust (jst), n. [Obs.] Same as Joust. Spenser.

||Gius"to (?), a. [It., fr. L. justus. See Just, a.] (Mus.) In just,
||correct, or suitable time.

Give (gv), v. t. [imp. Gave (gv); p. p. Given (gv"'n); p. pr. & vb. n.
Giving.] [OE. given, yiven, yeven, AS. gifan, giefan; akin to D. geven,
OS. gean, OHG. geban, G. geben, Icel. gefa, Sw. gifva, Dan. give,
Goth. giban. Cf. Gift, n.] 1. To bestow without receiving a return; to
confer without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as
authority or permission; to yield up or allow.

    For generous lords had rather give than pay.


Young.

2. To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange for
something; to pay; as, we give the value of what we buy.

    What shall a man give in exchange for his soul ?


Matt. xvi. 26.

3. To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and steel give
sparks.

4. To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to pronounce;
to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment, a sentence, a shout,
etc.

5. To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to license; to
commission.

    It is given me once again to behold my friend.


Rowe.

    Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine.


Pope.

6. To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; as, the
number of men, divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to
each ship.

7. To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's
self; as, the soldiers give themselves to plunder; also in this sense
used very frequently in the past participle; as, the people are given
to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study.

8. (Logic & Math.) To set forth as a known quantity or a known
relation, or as a premise from which to reason; -- used principally in
the passive form given.

9. To allow or admit by way of supposition.

    I give not heaven for lost.


Mlton.

10. To attribute; to assign; to adjudge.

    I don't wonder at people's giving him to me as a lover.


Sheridan.

11. To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to give offense;
to give pleasure or pain.

12. To pledge; as, to give one's word.

13. To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; as, to give one to
understand, to know, etc.

    But there the duke was given to understand That in a gondola were
    seen together Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica.


Shak.

To give away, to make over to another; to transfer.

    Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is given
    away from ourselves.


Atterbury.

-- To give back, to return; to restore. Atterbury. -- To give the bag,
to cheat. [Obs.]

    I fear our ears have given us the bag.


J. Webster.

-- To give birth to. (a) To bear or bring forth, as a child. (b) To
originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise, idea. -- To give
chase, to pursue. -- To give ear to. See under Ear. -- To give forth,
to give out; to publish; to tell. Hayward. -- To give ground. See under
Ground, n. -- To give the hand, to pledge friendship or faith. -- To
give the hand of, to espouse; to bestow in marriage. -- To give the
head. See under Head, n. -- To give in. (a) To abate; to deduct. (b) To
declare; to make known; to announce; to tender; as, to give in one's
adhesion to a party. -- To give the lie to (a person), to tell (him)
that he lies. -- To give line. See under Line. -- To give off, to emit,
as steam, vapor, odor, etc. -- To give one's self away, to make an
inconsiderate surrender of one's cause, an unintentional disclosure of
one's purposes, or the like. [Colloq.] -- To give out. (a) To utter
publicly; to report; to announce or declare.

    One that gives out himself Prince Florizel.


Shak.

    Give out you are of Epidamnum.


Shak.

(b) To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance gives out
steam or odors. -- To give over. (a) To yield completely; to quit; to
abandon. (b) To despair of. (c) To addict, resign, or apply (one's
self).

    The Babylonians had given themselves over to all manner of vice.


Grew.

-- To give place, to withdraw; to yield one's claim. -- To give points.
(a) In games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain
advantage; to allow a handicap. (b) To give useful suggestions.
[Colloq.] -- To give rein. See under Rein, n. -- To give the sack. Same
as To give the bag. -- To give and take. (a) To average gains and
losses. (b) To exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc. -- To give
time (Law), to accord extension or forbearance to a debtor. Abbott. --
To give the time of day, to salute one with the compliment appropriate
to the hour, as "good morning." "good evening", etc. -- To give tongue,
in hunter's phrase, to bark; -- said of dogs. -- To give up. (a) To
abandon; to surrender. "Don't give up the ship."

    He has . . . given up For certain drops of salt, your city Rome.


Shak.

(b) To make public; to reveal.

    I'll not state them By giving up their characters.


Beau. & Fl.

(c) (Used also reflexively.) -- To give up the ghost. See under Ghost.
-- To give one's self up, to abandon hope; to despair; to surrender
one's self. -- To give way. (a) To withdraw; to give place. (b) To
yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding gave way. (c) (Naut.)
To begin to row; or to row with increased energy. (d) (Stock Exchange).
To depreciate or decline in value; as, railroad securities gave way two
per cent. -- To give way together, to row in time; to keep stroke.

Syn. -- To Give, Confer, Grant. To give is the generic word, embracing
all the rest. To confer was originally used of persons in power, who
gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to confer the order of
knighthood; and hence it still denotes the giving of something which
might have been withheld; as, to confer a favor. To grant is to give in
answer to a petition or request, or to one who is in some way dependent
or inferior.

Give (?), v. i. 1. To give a gift or gifts.

2. To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; as,
the earth gives under the feet.

3. To become soft or moist. [Obs.] Bacon .

4. To move; to recede.

    Now back he gives, then rushes on amain.


Daniel.

5. To shed tears; to weep. [Obs.]

    Whose eyes do never give But through lust and laughter.


Shak.

6. To have a misgiving. [Obs.]

    My mind gives ye're reserved To rob poor market women.


J. Webster.

7. To open; to lead. [A Gallicism]

    This, yielding, gave into a grassy walk.


Tennyson.

To give back, to recede; to retire; to retreat.

    They gave back and came no farther.


Bunyan.

-- To give in, to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self beaten;
to cease opposition.

    The Scots battalion was enforced to give in.


Hayward.

    This consideration may induce a translator to give in to those
    general phrases.


Pope.

-- To give off, to cease; to forbear. [Obs.] Locke. -- To give on or
upon. (a) To rush; to fall upon. [Obs.] (b) To have a view of; to be in
sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to face.
[A Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner sur.]

    Rooms which gave upon a pillared porch.


Tennyson.

    The gloomy staircase on which the grating gave.


Dickens.

-- To give out. (a) To expend all one's strength. Hence: (b) To cease
from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being to give out;
the flour has given out. -- To give over, to cease; to discontinue; to
desist.

    It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to give over,
    and to desist from any further pursuits after fame.


Addison.

-- To give up, to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as, he would
never give up.

Giv"en (?), p. p. & a. from Give, v.

1. (Math. & Logic) Granted; assumed; supposed to be known; set forth as
a known quantity, relation, or premise.

2. Disposed; inclined; -- used with an adv.; as, virtuously given.
Shak.

3. Stated; fixed; as, in a given time.

Given name, the Christian name, or name given by one's parents or
guardians, as distinguished from the surname, which is inherited.
[Colloq.]

Giv"er (?), n. One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who
imparts or distributes.

    It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the
    Christian.


Kollock.

Gives (?), n. pl. [See Give, n.] Fetters.

Giv"ing (?), n. 1. The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or
imparting.

2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.] Pope.

3. The act of softening, breaking, or yielding. "Upon the first giving
of the weather." Addison.

Giving in, a falling inwards; a collapse. -- Giving out, anything
uttered or asserted; an outgiving.

    His givings out were of an infinite distance From his true meant
    design.


Shak.

Giz"zard (?), n. [F. gÈsier, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of
poultry. Cf. Gigerium.]

1. (Anat.) The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which the
food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular
stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate
animals. (b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth,
as in certain insects and mollusks.

Gizzard shad (Zoˆl.), an American herring (Dorosoma cepedianum)
resembling the shad, but of little value. -- To fret the gizzard, to
harass; to vex one's self; to worry. [Low] Hudibras. -- To stick in
one's gizzard, to be difficult of digestion; to be offensive. [Low]

||Gla*bel"la (?), n.; pl. Glabell&?; (#). [NL., fr. L. glabellus
||hairless, fr. glaber bald.] (Anat.) The space between the eyebrows,
||also including the corresponding part of the frontal bone; the
||mesophryon. -- Gla*bel"lar (#), a.

||Gla*bel"lum (?), n.; pl. Glabella (#). [NL. See Glabella.] (Zoˆl.)
||The median, convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See Trilobite.

Gla"brate (?), a. [L. glabrare, fr. glaber smooth.] (Bot.) Becoming
smooth or glabrous from age. Gray.

{ Gla"bre*ate (?), Gla"bri*ate (?), } v. t. [See Glabrate.] To make
smooth, plain, or bare. [Obs.]

Glab"ri*ty (?), n. [L. glabritas.] Smoothness; baldness. [R.]

Gla"brous (?), a. [L. glaber; cf. Gr. &?; hollow, smooth, &?; to
hollow.] Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any unevenness.

Gla"cial (?), a. [L. glacialis, from glacies ice: cf. F. glacial.] 1.
Pertaining to ice or to its action; consisting of ice; frozen; icy;
esp., pertaining to glaciers; as, glacial phenomena. Lyell.

2. (Chem.) Resembling ice; having the appearance and consistency of
ice; -- said of certain solid compounds; as, glacial phosphoric or
acetic acids.

Glacial acid (Chem.), an acid of such strength or purity as to
crystallize at an ordinary temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic
or carbolic acid. -- Glacial drift (Geol.), earth and rocks which have
been transported by moving ice, land ice, or icebergs; bowlder drift.
-- Glacial epoch or period (Geol.), a period during which the climate
of the modern temperate regions was polar, and ice covered large
portions of the northern hemisphere to the mountain tops. -- Glacial
theory or hypothesis. (Geol.) See Glacier theory, under Glacier.

Gla"cial*ist, n. One who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in
geology, to glaciers.

Gla"ci*ate (?), v. i. [L. glaciatus, p. p. of glaciare to freeze, fr.
glacies ice.] To turn to ice.

Gla"ci*ate, v. t. 1. To convert into, or cover with, ice.

2. (Geol.) To produce glacial effects upon, as in the scoring of rocks,
transportation of loose material, etc.

Glaciated rocks, rocks whose surfaces have been smoothed, furrowed, or
striated, by the action of ice.

Gla`ci*a"tion (?), n. 1. Act of freezing.

2. That which is formed by freezing; ice.

3. The process of glaciating, or the state of being glaciated; the
production of glacial phenomena.

Gla"cier (?), n. [F. glacier, fr. glace ice, L. glacies.] An immense
field or stream of ice, formed in the region of perpetual snow, and
moving slowly down a mountain slope or valley, as in the Alps, or over
an extended area, as in Greenland.

The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of a glacier is
called the firn, or nÈvÈ; the glacier proper consist of solid ice,
deeply crevassed where broken up by irregularities in the slope or
direction of its path. A glacier usually carries with it accumulations
of stones and dirt called moraines, which are designated, according to
their position, as lateral, medial, or terminal (see Moraine). The
common rate of flow of the Alpine glaciers is from ten to twenty inches
per day in summer, and about half that in winter.

Glacier theory (Geol.), the theory that large parts of the frigid and
temperate zones were covered with ice during the glacial, or ice,
period, and that, by the agency of this ice, the loose materials on the
earth's surface, called drift or diluvium, were transported and
accumulated.

Gla"cious (?), a. Pertaining to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy.
Sir T. Browne.

Gla"cis (?), n. [F. glacis; -- so named from its smoothness. See
Glacier.] A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently sloping bank; especially
(Fort.), that slope of earth which inclines from the covered way toward
the exterior ground or country (see Illust. of Ravelin).

<! p. 628 !>

Glad (?), a. [Compar. Gladder (?); superl. Gladdest (?).] [AS. glÊd
bright, glad; akin to D. glad smooth, G. glatt, OHG. glat smooth,
shining, Icel. gla&?;r glad, bright, Dan. & Sw. glad glad, Lith. glodas
smooth, and prob. to L. glaber, and E. glide. Cf. Glabrous.]

1. Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; -- opposed to sorry,
sorrowful, or unhappy; -- said of persons, and often followed by of,
at, that, or by the infinitive, and sometimes by with, introducing the
cause or reason.

    A wise son maketh a glad father.


Prov. x. 1.

    He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished.


Prov. xvii. 5.

    The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood.


Dryden.

    He, glad of her attention gained.


Milton.

    As we are now glad to behold your eyes.


Shak.

    Glad am I that your highness is so armed.


Shak.

Glad on 't, glad of it. [Colloq.] Shak.

2. Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting joy;
producing gladness; exhilarating.

    Her conversation More glad to me than to a miser money is.


Sir P. Sidney.

    Glad evening and glad morn crowned the fourth day.


Milton.

Syn. -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted; happy;
cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating; pleasing; animating.
-- Glad, Delighted, Gratified. Delighted expresses a much higher degree
of pleasure than glad. Gratified always refers to a pleasure conferred
by some human agent, and the feeling is modified by the consideration
that we owe it in part to another. A person may be glad or delighted to
see a friend, and gratified at the attention shown by his visits.

Glad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gladding.] [AS.
gladian. See Glad, a., and cf. Gladden, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer;
to gladden; to exhilarate. Chaucer.

    That which gladded all the warrior train.


Dryden.

    Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man.


Pope.

Glad, v. i. To be glad; to rejoice. [Obs.] Massinger.

Glad"den (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladdened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gladdening (?).] [See Glad, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer; to please;
to gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate.

    A secret pleasure gladdened all that saw him.


Addison.

Glad"den, v. i. To be or become glad; to rejoice.

    The vast Pacific gladdens with the freight.


Wordsworth.

Glad"der (?), n. One who makes glad. Chaucer.

Glade (?), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf. also
W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr. goleu light, clear,
bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a light or clear defile.]

1. An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a
forest.

    There interspersed in lawns and opening glades.


Pope.

2. An everglade. [Local, U. S.]

3. An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen;
also, smooth ice. [Local, U. S.]

Bottom glade. See under Bottom. -- Glade net, in England, a net used
for catching woodcock and other birds in forest glades.

Gla"den (?), n. [AS. glÊdene, cf. L. gladius a sword. Cf. Gladiole.]
(Bot.) Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the
European Iris fútidissima. [Written also gladwyn, gladdon, and glader.]

Glad"eye` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European yellow-hammer.

Glad"ful (?), a. Full of gladness; joyful; glad. [R.] -- Glad"ful*ness,
n. [R.] Spenser.

    It followed him with gladful glee.


Spenser.

Glad"i*ate (?), a. [L. gladius sword.] (Bot.) Sword-shaped; resembling
a sword in form, as the leaf of the iris, or of the gladiolus.

Glad"i*a`tor (?), n. [L., fr. gladius sword. See Glaive.] 1.
Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with weapons in
public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony, or in the arena,
for public amusement.

2. One who engages in any fierce combat or controversy.

{ Glad`i*a*to"ri*al (?), Glad`i*a*to"ri*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining
to gladiators, or to contests or combatants in general.

Glad"i*a`tor*ism (?), n. The art or practice of a gladiator.

Glad"i*a`tor*ship, n. Conduct, state, or art, of a gladiator.

Glad"i*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. gladiatorius.] Gladiatorial. [R.]

Glad"i*a*ture (?), n. [L. gladiatura.] Swordplay; fencing; gladiatorial
contest. Gayton.

Glad"i*ole (?), n. [L. gladiolus a small sword, the sword lily, dim. of
gladius sword. See Glaive.] (Bot.) A lilylike plant, of the genus
Gladiolus; -- called also corn flag.

Gla*di"o*lus (?), n.; pl. L. Gladioli (#), E. Gladioluses (#). [L. See
Gladiole.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having bulbous roots and gladiate leaves,
and including many species, some of which are cultivated and valued for
the beauty of their flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily.

2. (Anat.) The middle portion of the sternum in some animals; the
mesosternum.

||Gla"di*us (?), n.; pl. Gladii (#). [L., a sword.] (Zoˆl.) The
||internal shell, or pen, of cephalopods like the squids.

Glad"ly (?), adv. [From Glad, a.]

1. Preferably; by choice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully; eagerly.

    The common people heard him gladly.


Mark xii. 37.

Glad"ness (?), n. [AS. glÊdnes.] State or quality of being glad;
pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness.

    They . . . did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of
    heart.


Acts ii. 46.

Gladness is rarely or never equivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety, and
triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight. It sometimes
expresses great joy.

    The Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day.


Esther viii. 17.

Glad"ship, n. [AS. glÊdscipe.] A state of gladness. [Obs.] Gower.

Glad"some (?), a. 1. Pleased; joyful; cheerful.

2. Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the appearance of
gayety; pleasing.

    Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day.


Prior.

-- Glad"some*ly, adv. -- Glad"some*ness, n.

    Hours of perfect gladsomeness.


Wordsworth.

Glad"stone (?), n. [Named after Wm. E. Gladstone.] A four-wheeled
pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for
driver and footman.

Glad"wyn (?), n. (Bot.) See Gladen.

Glair (?), n. [F. glaire, glaire d'&?;uf, the glair of an egg, prob.
fr. L. clarus clear, bright. See Clear, a.]

1. The white of egg. It is used as a size or a glaze in bookbinding,
for pastry, etc.

2. Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white of an egg.

3. A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of halberd.

Glair, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glairing.] To
smear with the white of an egg.

Glaire (?), n. See Glair.

Glair"e*ous (?), a. Glairy; covered with glair.

Glair"in (?), n. A glairy viscous substance, which forms on the surface
of certain mineral waters, or covers the sides of their inclosures; --
called also baregin.

Glair"y (?), a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities; covered with
glair; viscous and transparent; slimy. Wiseman.

Glaive (?), n. [F. glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E. claymore. Cf.
Gladiator.] 1. A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade
fixed on the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also,
a light lance with a long sharp- pointed head. Wilhelm.

2. A sword; -- used poetically and loosely.

    The glaive which he did wield.


Spenser.

||Gla"ma (?), n. [NL.; cf. Gr. &?;, L. gramiae, Gr. &?; blear-eyed.]
||(Med.) A copious gummy secretion of the humor of the eyelids, in
||consequence of some disorder; blearedness; lippitude.

Gla"mour (?), n. [Scot. glamour, glamer; cf. Icel. gl·meggdr one who is
troubled with the glaucoma (?); or Icel. glm-sni weakness of sight,
glamour; glmr name of the moon, also of a ghost + sni sight, akin to E.
see. Perh., however, a corruption of E. gramarye.]

1. A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear different from what
they really are.

2. Witchcraft; magic; a spell. Tennyson.

3. A kind of haze in the air, causing things to appear different from
what they really are.

    The air filled with a strange, pale glamour that seemed to lie over
    the broad valley.


W. Black.

4. Any artificial interest in, or association with, an object, through
which it appears delusively magnified or glorified.

5. A quality of a person which allures and fascinates, usually by good
looks and a charming manner; -- of people; as, the glamour of John F.
Kennedy.. [PJC]

6. An attractive quality which provides excitement, adventure, the
thrill of unusual activity, or the potential to become famous; -- of
activities; as, the glamour of movie stardom. [PJC]

Glamour gift, Glamour might, the gift or power of producing a glamour.
The former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination peculiar to
women.

    It had much of glamour might To make a lady seem a knight.


Sir W. Scott.

Glam"ou*rie (?), n. Glamour. [Scot.]

Glance (?), n. [Akin to D. glans luster, brightness, G. glanz, Sw.
glans, D. glands brightness, glimpse. Cf. Gleen, Glint, Glitter, and
Glance a mineral.]

1. A sudden flash of light or splendor.

    Swift as the lightning glance.


Milton.

2. A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual look; a swift survey;
a glimpse.

    Dart not scornful glances from those eyes.


Shak.

3. An incidental or passing thought or allusion.

    How fleet is a glance of the mind.


Cowper.

4. (Min.) A name given to some sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which
have a brilliant metallic luster, as the sulphide of copper, called
copper glance.

Glance coal, anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of carbon. --
Glance cobalt, cobaltite, or gray cobalt. -- Glance copper, chalcocite.
-- Glance wood, a hard wood grown in Cuba, and used for gauging
instruments, carpenters' rules, etc. McElrath.

Glance, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glancing (?).]
1. To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash.

    From art, from nature, from the schools, Let random influences
    glance, Like light in many a shivered lance, That breaks about the
    dappled pools.


Tennyson.

2. To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside. "Your
arrow hath glanced". Shak.

    On me the curse aslope Glanced on the ground.


Milton.

3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a momentary
or hasty view.

    The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven
    to earth, from earth to heaven.


Shak.

4. To make an incidental or passing reflection; to allude; to hint; --
often with at.

    Wherein obscurely CÊsar\'b6s ambition shall be glanced at.


Shak.

    He glanced at a certain reverend doctor.


Swift.

5. To move quickly, appearing and disappearing rapidly; to be visible
only for an instant at a time; to move interruptedly; to twinkle.

    And all along the forum and up the sacred seat, His vulture eye
    pursued the trip of those small glancing feet.


Macaulay.

Glance (?), v. t. 1. To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast
for a moment; as, to glance the eye.

2. To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly. [Obs.]

    In company I often glanced it.


Shak.

Glan"cing (?), a. 1. Shooting, as light.

    When through the gancing lightnings fly.


Rowe.

2. Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; as, a glancing
shot.

Glan"cing*ly, adv. In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally;
indirectly. Hakewill.

Gland (?), n. [F. glande, L. glans, glandis, acorn; akin to Gr. &?; for
&?;, and &?; to cast, throw, the acorn being the dropped fruit. Cf.
Parable, n.]

1. (Anat.) (a) An organ for secreting something to be used in, or
eliminated from, the body; as, the sebaceous glands of the skin; the
salivary glands of the mouth. (b) An organ or part which resembles a
secreting, or true, gland, as the ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and
pituitary glands, the functions of which are very imperfectly known.

The true secreting glands are, in principle, narrow pouches of the
mucous membranes, or of the integument, lined with a continuation of
the epithelium, or of the epidermis, the cells of which produce the
secretion from the blood. In the larger glands, the pouches are
tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled, as in the sweat glands, or
subdivided and branched, making compound and racemose glands, such as
the pancreas.

2. (Bot.) (a) A special organ of plants, usually minute and globular,
which often secretes some kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic product.
(b) Any very small prominence.

3. (Steam Mach.) The movable part of a stuffing box by which the
packing is compressed; -- sometimes called a follower. See Illust. of
Stuffing box, under Stuffing.

4. (Mach.) The crosspiece of a bayonet clutch.

Glan"dage (?), n. [Cf. OF. glandage. See Gland.] A feeding on nuts or
mast. [Obs.] Crabb.

Glan"dered (?), a. Affected with glanders; as, a glandered horse.
Yu&?;att.

Glan"der*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to glanders; of the nature of
glanders. Youatt.

Glan"ders (?), n. [From Gland.] (Far.) A highly contagious and very
destructive disease of horses, asses, mules, etc., characterized by a
constant discharge of sticky matter from the nose, and an enlargement
and induration of the glands beneath and within the lower jaw. It may
transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep, and to human beings.

Glan*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandifer; glans, glandis, acorn + ferre to
bear; cf. F. glandifËre.] Bearing acorns or other nuts; as,
glandiferous trees.

Gland"i*form (?), a. [L. glans, glandis, acorn + -form: cf. F.
glandiforme .] Having the form of a gland or nut; resembling a gland.

Glan"du*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. glandulaire. See Glandule.] Containing or
supporting glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands.

Glan`du*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. glandulation.] (Bot.) The situation and
structure of the secretory vessels in plants. Martyn.

    Glandulation respects the secretory vessels, which are either
    glandules, follicles, or utricles.


J. Lee.

Glan"dule (?), n. [L. glandula, dim. of glans, glandis, acorn: cf. F.
glandule. See Gland.] A small gland or secreting vessel.

Glan`du*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandula gland + -ferous; cf. F.
glandulifËre.] Bearing glandules.

Glan"du*lose` (?), a. Same as Glandulous.

Glan`du*los"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being glandulous; a collection of
glands. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Glan"du*lous (?), a. [L. glandulosus: cf. F. glanduleux.] Containing
glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands; resembling glands.

||Glans (?) n.; pl. Glandes (#). [L. See Gland.]

1. (Anat.) The vascular body which forms the apex of the penis, and the
extremity of the clitoris.

2. (Bot.) The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits. Gray.

3. (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A pessary. [Obs.]

Glare (gl‚r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glaring.]
[OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glÊr amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn
like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]

1. To shine with a bright, dazzling light.

    The cavern glares with new-admitted light.


Dryden.

2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly, angrily, or
fiercely.

    And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon.


Byron.

3. To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be ostentatiously
splendid or gay.

    She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring.


Pope.

Glare, v. t. To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light.

    Every eye Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire.


Milton.

Glare, n. 1. A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes;
a confusing and bewildering light.

    The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare.


Dryden.

2. A fierce, piercing look or stare.

    About them round, A lion now he stalks with fiery glare.


Milton.

3. A viscous, transparent substance. See Glair.

4. A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a glare of ice. [U. S. ]

Glare, a. [See Glary, and Glare, n.] Smooth and bright or translucent;
-- used almost exclusively of ice; as, skating on glare ice. [U. S.]

<! p. 629 !>

Glar"e*ous (gl‚r"*s), a. [Cf. F. glaireux. See Glair.] Glairy. John
Gregory (1766).

{ Glar"i*ness (?), Glar"ing*ness, } n. A dazzling luster or brilliancy.

Glar"ing, a. Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring
crime; a glaring mistake. -- Glar"ing*ly, adv.

Glar"y (?), a. Of a dazzling luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth.

    Bright, crystal glass is glary.


Boyle.

Glass (gls), n. [OE. glas, gles, AS. glÊs; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw.
glas, Icel. glas, gler, Dan. glar; cf. AS. glÊr amber, L. glaesum. Cf.
Glare, n., Glaze, v. t.]

1. A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent substance,
white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture, and made by fusing
together sand or silica with lime, potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is
used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary
use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament.

Glass is variously colored by the metallic oxides; thus, manganese
colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or (cupric) green; cobalt,
blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary yellow; iron, green or brown;
gold, purple or red; tin, opaque white; chromium, emerald green;
antimony, yellow.

2. (Chem.) Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance, and a
conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion.

3. Anything made of glass. Especially: (a) A looking-glass; a mirror.
(b) A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an hourglass;
and hence, the time in which such a vessel is exhausted of its sand.

    She would not live The running of one glass.


Shak.

(c) A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the contents of such
a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors; as, he took a glass at
dinner. (d) An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural,
spectacles; as, a pair of glasses; he wears glasses. (e) A
weatherglass; a barometer.

Glass is much used adjectively or in combination; as, glass maker, or
glassmaker; glass making or glassmaking; glass blower or glassblower,
etc.

Bohemian glass, Cut glass, etc. See under Bohemian, Cut, etc. -- Crown
glass, a variety of glass, used for making the finest plate or window
glass, and consisting essentially of silicate of soda or potash and
lime, with no admixture of lead; the convex half of an achromatic lens
is composed of crown glass; -- so called from a crownlike shape given
it in the process of blowing. -- Crystal glass, or Flint glass. See
Flint glass, in the Vocabulary. -- Cylinder glass, sheet glass made by
blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then split
longitudinally, opened out, and flattened. -- Glass of antimony, a
vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with sulphide. -- Glass blower, one
whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass. -- Glass blowing, the
art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat to a viscid state, by
inflating it through a tube. -- Glass cloth, a woven fabric formed of
glass fibers. -- Glass coach, a coach superior to a hackney-coach,
hired for the day, or any short period, as a private carriage; -- so
called because originally private carriages alone had glass windows.
[Eng.] Smart.

    Glass coaches are [allowed in English parks from which ordinary
    hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which is never used in
    America, hired carriages that do not go on stands.


J. F. Cooper.

-- Glass cutter. (a) One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for window
panes, ets. (b) One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and
polishing. (c) A tool, usually with a diamond at the point, for cutting
glass. -- Glass cutting. (a) The act or process of dividing glass, as
sheets of glass into panes with a diamond. (b) The act or process of
shaping the surface of glass by appylying it to revolving wheels, upon
which sand, emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied;
especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth ornaments, and
the like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said
to be engraved. -- Glass metal, the fused material for making glass. --
Glass painting, the art or process of producing decorative effects in
glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining the pieces
together with slender sash bars of lead or other metal. In common
parlance, glass painting and glass staining (see Glass staining, below)
are used indifferently for all colored decorative work in windows, and
the like. -- Glass paper, paper faced with pulvirezed glass, and used
for abrasive purposes. -- Glass silk, fine threads of glass, wound,
when in fusion, on rapidly rotating heated cylinders. -- Glass
silvering, the process of transforming plate glass into mirrors by
coating it with a reflecting surface, a deposit of silver, or a mercury
amalgam. - - Glass soap, or Glassmaker's soap, the black oxide of
manganese or other substances used by glass makers to take away color
from the materials for glass. -- Glass staining, the art or practice of
coloring glass in its whole substance, or, in the case of certain
colors, in a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf.
Glass painting. -- Glass tears. See Rupert's drop. -- Glass works, an
establishment where glass is made. -- Heavy glass, a heavy optical
glass, consisting essentially of a borosilicate of potash. --
Millefiore glass. See Millefiore. -- Plate glass, a fine kind of glass,
cast in thick plates, and flattened by heavy rollers, -- used for
mirrors and the best windows. -- Pressed glass, glass articles formed
in molds by pressure when hot. -- Soluble glass (Chem.), a silicate of
sodium or potassium, found in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony
powder, or dissolved as a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering
fabrics incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called
also water glass. -- Spun glass, glass drawn into a thread while
liquid. -- Toughened glass, Tempered glass, glass finely tempered or
annealed, by a peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot
into oil, melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from the name
of the inventor of the process, Bastie glass. -- Water glass. (Chem.)
See Soluble glass, above. -- Window glass, glass in panes suitable for
windows.

Glass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glassing.] 1.
To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively.

    Happy to glass themselves in such a mirror.


Motley.

    Where the Almighty's form glasses itself in tempests.


Byron.

2. To case in glass. [R.] Shak.

3. To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze. Boyle.

4. To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it with a glass
burnisher.

Glass"-crab` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The larval state (Phyllosoma) of the genus
Palinurus and allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines,
thinness, and transparency. See Phyllosoma.

Glass"en (?), a. Glassy; glazed. [Obs.]

    And pursues the dice with glassen eyes.


B. Jonson.

Glass"eye` (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A fish of the great lakes; the wall-eyed
pike.

2. (Far.) A species of blindness in horses in which the eye is bright
and the pupil dilated; a sort of amaurosis. Youatt.

Glass"-faced` (?), a. Mirror- faced; reflecting the sentiments of
another. [R.] "The glass-faced flatterer." Shak.

Glass"ful (?), n.; pl. Glassfuls (&?;). The contents of a glass; as
much of anything as a glass will hold.

Glass"ful, a. Glassy; shining like glass. [Obs.] "Minerva's glassful
shield." Marston.

Glass"-gaz`ing (?), a. Given to viewing one's self in a glass or
mirror; finical. [Poetic] Shak.

Glass"house` (?), n. A house where glass is made; a commercial house
that deals in glassware.

Glass"i*ly (?), adv. So as to resemble glass.

Glass"i*ness, n. The quality of being glassy.

Glass"ite (?), n. A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th
century by John Glass, a minister of the Established Church of
Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is "no more than a simple
assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the understanding."
The English and American adherents of this faith are called
Sandemanians, after Robert Sandeman, the son-in-law and disciple of
Glass.

Glass" mak`er (?), or Glass"mak`er, n. One who makes, or manufactures,
glass. -- Glass" mak`ing, or Glass"mak`ing, n.

Glass"-rope` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the genus
Hyalonema, first brought from Japan. It has a long stem, consisting of
a bundle of long and large, glassy, siliceous fibers, twisted together.

Glass"-snail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small, transparent, land snail, of the
genus Vitrina.

Glass"-snake` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A long, footless lizard (Ophiosaurus
ventralis), of the Southern United States; -- so called from its
fragility, the tail easily breaking into small pieces. It grows to the
length of three feet. The name is applied also to similar species found
in the Old World.

Glass"-sponge` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A siliceous sponge, of the genus
Hyalonema, and allied genera; -- so called from their glassy fibers or
spicules; -- called also vitreous sponge. See Glass-rope, and
Euplectella.

Glass"ware (?), n. Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass.

Glass"work` (?), n. Manufacture of glass; articles or ornamentation
made of glass.

Glass"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A seashore plant of the Spinach family
(Salicornia herbacea), with succulent jointed stems; also, a prickly
plant of the same family (Salsola Kali), both formerly burned for the
sake of the ashes, which yield soda for making glass and soap.

Glass"y (?), a. 1. Made of glass; vitreous; as, a glassy substance.
Bacon.

2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness,
or transparency; as, a glassy stream; a glassy surface; the glassy
deep.

3. Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said of the eyes. "In his
glassy eye." Byron.

Glassy feldspar (Min.), a variety of orthoclase; sanidine.

Glas"ton*bur*y thorn` (?). (Bot.) A variety of the common hawthorn.
Loudon.

Glas"ynge (?), n. Glazing or glass. [Obs.]

Glau"ber*ite (?), n. [From Glauber, a German chemist, died 1668: cf. F.
glaubÈrite, G. glauberit.] (Min.) A mineral, consisting of the
sulphates of soda and lime.

Glau"ber's salt` (?) or Glau"ber's salts` (&?;). [G. glaubersalz, from
Glauber, a German chemist who discovered it. See Glauberite.] Sulphate
of soda, a well- known cathartic. It is a white crystalline substance,
with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is commonly called "salts."

It occurs naturally and abundantly in some mineral springs, and in many
salt deposits, as the mineral mirabilite. It is manufactured in large
quantities as an intermediate step in the "soda process," and also for
use in glass making.

Glau*ces"cent (?), a. [See Glaucous.] Having a somewhat glaucous
appearance or nature; becoming glaucous.

Glau"cic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the Glaucium or horned
poppy; -- formerly applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be
fumaric acid.

Glau"cine (?), a. Glaucous or glaucescent.

Glau"cine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the plant Glaucium,
as a bitter, white, crystalline substance.

Glau"co*dot (?), n. [Gr. glayko`s silvery, gray + dido`nai to give.]
(Min.) A metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and
containing cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic.

||Glau*co"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. glay`kwma, fr. glayko`s light gray,
||blue gray.] (Med.) Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution
||of transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media
||of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with
||marked increase of tension within the eyeball.

Glau*co"ma*tous (?), a. Having the nature of glaucoma.

Glau*com"e*ter (?), n. See Gleucometer.

Glau"co*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. glauconite, glauconie, fr. L. glaucus. See
Glaucous.] (Min.) The green mineral characteristic of the greensand of
the chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron and
potash. See Greensand.

Glau"co*phane (?), n. [Gr. glayko`s silvery, gray + fai`nesqai to
appear.] (Min.) A mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole.
It is characteristic of certain crystalline rocks.

||Glau*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. glay`kwsis.] (Med.) Same as
||Glaucoma.

Glau"cous (gl"ks), a. [L. glaucus, Gr. glayko`s.] 1. Of a sea-green
color; of a dull green passing into grayish blue. Lindley.

2. (Bot.) Covered with a fine bloom or fine white powder easily rubbed
off, as that on a blue plum, or on a cabbage leaf. Gray.

||Glau"cus (?), n. [L., sea green.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of nudibranchiate
||mollusks, found in the warmer latitudes, swimming in the open sea.
||These mollusks are beautifully colored with blue and silvery white.

Glaum (?), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To grope with the hands, as in
the dark. [Scot.]

To glaum at, to grasp or snatch at; to aspire to.

    Wha glaum'd at kingdoms three.


Burns.

Glave (?), n. See Glaive.

Glav"er (?), v. i. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glafr flattery.] 1. To
prate; to jabber; to babble. [Obs.]

    Here many, clepid filosophirs, glavern diversely.


Wyclif.

2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Obs.]

    Some slavish, glavering, flattering parasite.


South.

Glav"er*er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

Glay"more` (?), n. A claymore. Johnson.

Glaze (glz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glazed (glzd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glazing.] [OE. glasen, glazen, fr. glas. See Glass.]

1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a case, etc.) with glass.

    Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and glazed with
    crystalline glass.


Bacon.

2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of, or
resembling, glass; as, to glaze earthenware; hence, to render smooth,
glasslike, or glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder, and the like.

    Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears.


Shak.

3. (Paint.) To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to
(another color), to modify the effect.

Glaze, v. i. To become glazed of glassy.

Glaze, n. 1. The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything
used as a coating or color in glazing. See Glaze, v. t., 3. Ure.

2. (Cookery) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread
thinly over braised dishes.

3. A glazing oven. See Glost oven.

Glaz"en (?), a. [AS. glÊsen.] Resembling glass; glasslike; glazed.
[Obs.] Wyclif.

Glaz"er (?), n. 1. One who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture,
etc.; one who gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a
calenderer or smoother of cloth, paper, and the like.

2. A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing, smoothing, etc.;
amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel covered with emery, or
having a band of lead and tin alloy, for polishing cutlery, etc.

Gla"zier (?), n. [From Glaze.] One whose business is to set glass.

Glazier's diamond. See under Diamond.

Glaz"ing (?), n. 1. The act or art of setting glass; the art of
covering with a vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or
rendering glossy.

2. The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame. etc.

3. The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with which any surface is
incrusted or overlaid; as, the glazing of pottery or porcelain, or of
paper.

4. (Paint.) Transparent, or semitransparent, colors passed thinly over
other colors, to modify the effect.

Glaz"y (?), a. Having a glazed appearance; -- said of the fractured
surface of some kinds of pin iron.

Glead (?), n. A live coal. See Gleed. [Archaic]

Gleam (?), v. i. [Cf. OE. glem birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E.
englaimed.] (Falconry) To disgorge filth, as a hawk.

Gleam, n. [OE. glem, gleam, AS. glÊm, prob. akin to E. glimmer, and
perh. to Gr. &?; warm, &?; to warm. Cf. Glitter.]

1. A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a beam; a ray; a glimpse.

    Transient unexpected gleams of joi.


Addison.

    At last a gleam Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste His
    [Satan's] traveled steps.


Milton.

    A glimmer, and then a gleam of light.


Longfellow.

2. Brightness; splendor.

    In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen.


Pope.

Gleam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaming.] 1.
To shoot, or dart, as rays of light; as, at the dawn, light gleams in
the east.

2. To shine; to cast light; to glitter.

Syn. -- To Gleam, Glimmer, Glitter. To gleam denotes a faint but
distinct emission of light. To glimmer describes an indistinct and
unsteady giving of light. To glitter imports a brightness that is
intense, but varying. The morning light gleams upon the earth; a
distant taper glimmers through the mist; a dewdrop glitters in the sun.
See Flash.

Gleam, v. t. To shoot out (flashes of light, etc.).

    Dying eyes gleamed forth their ashy lights.


Shak.

Gleam"y, a. Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing;
coruscating.

    In brazed arms, that cast a gleamy ray, Swift through the town the
    warrior bends his way.


Pope.

<! p. 630 !>

Glean (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaning.]
[OE. glenen, OF. glener, glaner, F. glaner, fr. LL. glenare; cf. W.
glan clean, glanh&?;u to clean, purify, or AS. gelm, gilm, a
hand&?;ul.]

1. To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or fragmentary
parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or grapes left after the
gathering.

    To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps.


Shak.

2. To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left.

3. To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to obtain.

    Content to glean what we can from . . . experiments.


Locke.

Glean, v. i. 1. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.

    And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the reapers.


Ruth ii. 3.

2. To pick up or gather anything by degrees.

    Piecemeal they this acre first, then that; Glean on, and gather up
    the whole estate.


Pope.

Glean, n. A collection made by gleaning.

    The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs.


Dryden.

Glean, n. Cleaning; afterbirth. [Obs.] Holland.

Glean"er (?), n. 1. One who gathers after reapers.

2. One who gathers slowly with labor. Locke.

Glean"ing, n. The act of gathering after reapers; that which is
collected by gleaning.

    Glenings of natural knowledge.


Cook.

Glebe (?), n. [F. glËbe, L. gleba, glaeba, clod, land, soil.] 1. A
lump; a clod.

2. Turf; soil; ground; sod.

    Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil, and wine.


Milton.

3. (Eccl. Law) The land belonging, or yielding revenue, to a parish
church or ecclesiastical benefice.

Glebe"less, a. Having no glebe.

Gle*bos"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being glebous. [R.]

{ Gleb"ous (?), Gleb"y (?), } a. [Cf. L. glaebosus cloddy.] Pertaining
to the glebe; turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful. "Gleby land." Prior.

Glede (gld), n. [AS. glida, akin to Icel. glea, Sw. glada. Cf. Glide,
v. i.] (Zoˆl.) The common European kite (Milvus ictinus). This name is
also sometimes applied to the buzzard. [Written also glead, gled,
gleed, glade, and glide.]

Glede, n. [See Gleed.] A live coal. [Archaic]

    The cruel ire, red as any glede.


Chaucer.

Glee (gl), n. [OE. gle, gleo, AS. gleÛw, gleÛ, akin to Icel. gl: cf.
Gr. chley`n joke, jest.] 1. Music; minstrelsy; entertainment. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

2. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth enjoyed at a
feast. Spenser.

3. (Mus.) An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices. It
is not necessarily gleesome.

Gleed (gld), n. [AS. gld, fr. glwan to glow as a fire; akin to D.
gloed, G. glut, Icel. gl. See Glow, v. i.] A live or glowing coal; a
glede. [Archaic] Chaucer. Longfellow.

Glee"ful (?), a. Merry; gay; joyous. Shak.

Gleek (?), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. leika to play, play a trick on, with the
prefix ge-; akin to AS. gelcan, Sw. leka to play, Dan. lege.]

1. A jest or scoff; a trick or deception. [Obs.]

    Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his gleeks ?


Shak.

2. [Cf. Glicke] An enticing look or glance. [Obs.]

    A pretty gleek coming from Pallas' eye.


Beau. & Fl.

Gleek, v. i. To make sport; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly.
[Obs.] Shak.

Gleek, n. [OF. glic, G. gl¸ck, fortune. See Luck.]

1. A game at cards, once popular, played by three persons. [Obs.]
Pepys. Evelyn.

2. Three of the same cards held in the same hand; -- hence, three of
anything. [Obs.]

Glee"man (?), n.; pl. Gleemen (#). [Glee + man; AS. gleÛman.] A name
anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician.

Gleen (?), v. i. [Cf. Glance, Glint.] To glisten; to gleam. [Obs.]
Prior.

Glee"some (?), a. Merry; joyous; gleeful.

Gleet (?), n. [OE. glette, glet, glat, mucus, pus, filth, OF. glete.]
(Med.) A transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the urethra,
commonly an effect of gonorrhea. Hoblyn.

Gleet, v. i. 1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet.
Wiseman.

2. To flow slowly, as water. Cheyne.

Gleet"y (?), a. Ichorous; thin; limpid. Wiseman.

Gleg (?), a. [Icel. glˆggr.] Quick of perception; alert; sharp. [Scot.]
Jamieson.

Gleire (?), Gleyre, n. See Glair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Glen (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glyn a deep valley, Ir. & Gael.
gleann valley, glen.] A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a
depression between hills.

    And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen.


Spenser.

{ Glen*liv"at (?), Glen*liv"et (?), } n. A kind of Scotch whisky, named
from the district in which it was first made. W. E. Aytoun.

Gle"noid (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; socket of a joint + &?; form; cf. F.
glÈnoÔde.] (Anat.) Having the form of a smooth and shallow depression;
socketlike; -- applied to several articular surfaces of bone; as, the
glenoid cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the head of the
humerus articulates.

Gle*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Glenoid.

Glent (?), n. & v. See Glint.

Gleu*com"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; must + -meter: cf. F. gleucomËtre.] An
instrument for measuring the specific gravity and ascertaining the
quantity of sugar contained in must.

Glew (?), n. See Glue. [Obs.]

Gley (?), v. i. [OE. glien, glien, gleien, to shine, to squint; cf.
Icel. glj to glitter.] To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook
things. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Gley (?), adv. Asquint; askance; obliquely.

Gli"a*din (?), n. [Gr. &?; glue: cf. F. gliadine.] (Chem.) Vegetable
glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the constituents of wheat gluten,
and is a tough, amorphous substance, which resembles animal glue or
gelatin.

Glib (glb), a. [Compar. Glibber (?); superl. Glibbest (?).] [Prob. fr.
D. glibberen, glippen, to slide, glibberig, glipperig, glib, slippery.]

1. Smooth; slippery; as, ice is glib. [Obs.]

2. Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant rapidity; fluent;
voluble; as, a glib tongue; a glib speech.

    I want that glib and oily art, To speak and purpose not.


Shak.

Syn. -- Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant.

Glib, v. t. To make glib. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Glib, n. [Ir. & Gael. glib a lock of hair.] A thick lock of hair,
hanging over the eyes. [Obs.]

    The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long glibs, which
    is a thick curied bush of hair hanging down over their eyes, and
    monstrously disguising them.


Spenser.

    Their wild costume of the glib and mantle.


Southey.

Glib, v. t. [Cf. O. & Prov. E. lib to castrate, geld, Prov. Dan. live,
LG. & OD. lubben.] To castrate; to geld; to emasculate. [Obs.] Shak.

Glib"ber*y (?), a. 1. Slippery; changeable. [Obs.]

    My love is glibbery; there is no hold on't.


Marston.

2. Moving easily; nimble; voluble. [Obs.]

    Thy lubrical and glibbery muse.


B. Jonson.

Glib"ly, adv. In a glib manner; as, to speak glibly.

Glib"ness, n. The quality of being glib.

Glicke (?), n. [Cf. Gleek, n., 2, and Ir. & Gael. glic wise, cunning,
crafty.] An ogling look. [Obs.]

Glid"den (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer.

{ Glid"der (?), Glid"der*y (?), } a. [Cf. Glide.] Giving no sure
footing; smooth; slippery. [Prov. Eng.]

    Shingle, slates, and gliddery stones.


R. D. Blackmore.

Glide (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The glede or kite.

Glide, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glided; p. pr. & vb. n. Gliding.] [AS.
gldan; akin to D. glijden, OHG. gltan, G. gleiten, Sw. glida, Dan.
glide, and prob. to E. glad.]

1. To move gently and smoothly; to pass along without noise, violence,
or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and easily, or with a smooth,
silent motion, as a river in its channel, a bird in the air, a skater
over ice.

    The river glideth at his own sweet will.


Wordsworth.

2. (Phon.) To pass with a glide, as the voice.

Glide, n. 1. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without
labor or obstruction.

    They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts, With rapid glide,
    along the leaning line.


Thomson.

    Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself, And with indented glides did
    slip away.


Shak.

2. (Phon.) A transitional sound in speech which is produced by the
changing of the mouth organs from one definite position to another, and
with gradual change in the most frequent cases; as in passing from the
begining to the end of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant
or consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to the other
of a double or diphthongal consonant (see Guide to Pronunciation, ßß
19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell and others), the vanish (or brief final
element) or the brief initial element, in a class of diphthongal
vowels, or the brief final or initial part of some consonants (see
Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 18, 97, 191).

The on-glide of a vowel or consonant is the glidemade in passing to it,
the off-glide, one made in passing from it. Glides of the other sort
are distinguished as initial or final, or fore-glides and after-glides.
For voice-glide, see Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 17, 95.

Glid"en (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer.

Glid"er (?), n. One who, or that which, glides.

Glid"ing*ly, adv. In a gliding manner.

Gliff (?), n. [Cf. OE. gliffen, gliften, to look with fear at.] 1. A
transient glance; an unexpected view of something that startles one; a
sudden fear. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

2. A moment: as, for a gliff. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Glike (?), n. [See Gleek a jest.] A sneer; a flout. [Obs.]

Glim (?), n. 1. Brightness; splendor. [Obs.]

2. A light or candle. [Slang] Dickens.

Douse the glim, put out the light. [Slang]

Glim"mer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimmered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glimmering.] [Akin to G. glimmer a faint, trembling light, mica,
glimmern to glimmer, glimmen to shine faintly, glow, Sw. glimma, Dan.
glimre, D. glimmen, glimpen. See Gleam a ray, and cf. Glimpse.] To give
feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a faint,
unsteady light; as, the glimmering dawn; a glimmering lamp.

    The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day.


Shak.

Syn. -- To gleam; to glitter. See Gleam, Flash.

Glim"mer, n. 1. A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of
light; also, a gleam.

    Gloss of satin and glimmer of pearls.


Tennyson.

2. Mica. See Mica. Woodsward.

Glimmer gowk, an owl. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson.

Glim"mer*ing, n. 1. Faint, unsteady light; a glimmer. South.

2. A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an inkling.

Glimpse (?), n. [For glimse, from the root of glimmer.]

1. A sudden flash; transient luster.

    LIght as the lightning glimpse they ran.


Milton.

2. A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary perception; a
quick sight.

    Here hid by shrub wood, there by glimpses seen.


S. Rogers.

3. A faint idea; an inkling.

Glimpse (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimpsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glimpsing.] to appear by glimpses; to catch glimpses. Drayton.

Glimpse, v. t. To catch a glimpse of; to see by glimpses; to have a
short or hurried view of.

    Some glimpsing and no perfect sight.


Chaucer.

Glint (?), n. [OE. glent.] A glimpse, glance, or gleam. [Scot.] "He saw
a glint of light." Ramsay.

Glint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glinting.] [OE.
glenten. Cf. Glance, v. i., Glitter, v. i.] To glance; to peep forth,
as a flower from the bud; to glitter. Burns.

Glint, v. t. To glance; to turn; as, to glint the eye.

||Gli*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; glue + -oma.] (Med.) A tumor
||springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of the brain,
||spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous system.

||Gli"res (?), n. pl. [L., dormice.] (Zoˆl.) An order of mammals; the
||Rodentia. -- Gli"rine (#), a.

||Glis`sade" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] A sliding, as down a
||snow slope in the Alps. Tyndall.

Glis*san"do (?), n. & a. [As if It. = Fr. glissant sliding.] (Mus.) A
gliding effect; gliding.

||Glis*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] (Math.) The locus
||described by any point attached to a curve that slips continuously on
||another fixed curve, the movable curve having no rotation at any
||instant.

Glist (?), n. [From Glisten.] Glimmer; mica.

Glis"ten (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glistening (?).] [OE. glistnian, akin to glisnen, glisien, AS. glisian,
glisnian, akin to E. glitter. See Glitter, v. i., and cf. Glister, v.
i.] To sparkle or shine; especially, to shine with a mild, subdued, and
fitful luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to gleam; as, the
glistening stars.

Syn. -- See Flash.

Glis"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glistering.] [OE. glistren; akin to G. glistern,glinstern, D.
glinsteren, and E. glisten. See Glisten.] To be bright; to sparkle; to
be brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter.

    All that glisters is not gold.


Shak.

Glis"ter, n. Glitter; luster.

Glis"ter, n. [Cf. OF. glistere.] Same as Clyster.

Glis"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glistering manner.

Glit"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glittering.] [OE. gliteren; akin to Sw. glittra, Icel. glitra, glita,
AS. glitenian, OS. gltan, OHG. glzzan, G. gleissen, Goth. glitmunjan,
and also to E. glint, glisten, and prob. glance, gleam.]

1. To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light or
showy luster; to gleam; as, a glittering sword.

    The field yet glitters with the pomp of war.


Dryden.

2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence attractive; as, the
glittering scenes of a court.

Syn. -- To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to glare. See
Gleam, Flash.

Glit"ter, n. A bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster;
brilliancy; as, the glitter of arms; the glitter of royal equipage.
Milton.

Glit"ter*and (?), a. Glittering. [Obs.] Spenser.

Glit"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glittering manner.

Gloam (?), v. i. [See Gloom, Glum.]

1. To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky.

2. To be sullen or morose. [Obs.]

Gloam, n. The twilight; gloaming. [R.] Keats.

Gloam"ing, n. [See Gloom.] 1. Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening.
[Scot. & North of Eng., and in poetry.] Hogg.

2. Sullenness; melancholy. [Obs.] J. Still.

Gloar (?), v. i. [OD. gloeren, glueren, gluyeren. Cf. Glower.] To
squint; to stare. [Obs.]

Gloat (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gloating.]
[Akin to Icel. glotta to smile scornfully, G. glotzen to gloat.] To
look steadfastly; to gaze earnestly; -- usually in a bad sense, to gaze
with malignant satisfaction, passionate desire, lust, or avarice.

    In vengeance gloating on another's pain.


Byron.

Glo"bard (?), n. [OE. globerde, from glow.] A glowworm. [>Obs.]
Holland.

{ Glo"bate (?), Glo"ba*ted (?), } a. [L. globatus, p. p. of globare to
make into a ball, fr. globus ball.] Having the form of a globe;
spherical.

Globe (?), n. [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of yarn, and
E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.]

1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is
in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere.

2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the
globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp.

3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the definite
article. Locke.

4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth
or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial globe; -- called also
artificial globe.

5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a
military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern infantry
square.

    Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed.


Milton.

Globe amaranth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Gomphrena (G. globosa),
bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain
color when gathered. -- Globe animalcule, a small, globular, locomotive
organism (Volvox globator), once throught to be an animal, afterward
supposed to be a colony of microscopic algÊ. -- Globe of compression
(Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide crater; -- called also
overcharged mine. -- Globe daisy (Bot.), a plant or flower of the genus
Globularing, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular
heads. -- Globe sight, a form of front sight placed on target rifles.
-- Globe slater (Zoˆl.), an isopod crustacean of the genus Spheroma. --
Globe thistle (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the flowers in large
globular heads (Cynara Scolymus); also, certain species of the related
genus Echinops. -- Globe valve. (a) A ball valve. (b) A valve inclosed
in a globular chamber. Knight.

<! p. 631 !>

Syn. -- Globe, Sphere, Orb, Ball. -- Globe denotes a round, and usually
a solid body; sphere is the term applied in astronomy to such a body,
or to the concentric spheres or orbs of the old astronomers; orb is
used, especially in poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for the
pathway of a heavenly body; ball is applied to the heavenly bodies
concieved of as impelled through space.

Globe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Globed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Globing.] To
gather or form into a globe.

Globe"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A plectognath fish of the genera Diodon,
Tetrodon, and allied genera. The globefishes can suck in water or air
and distend the body to a more or less globular form. Called also
porcupine fish, and sea hedgehog. See Diodon.

Globe"flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Trollius (T.
EuropÊus), found in the mountainous parts of Europe, and producing
handsome globe-shaped flowers. (b) The American plant Trollius laxus.

Japan globeflower. See Corchorus.

Globe"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a globe.

Glo*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Globe + -ferous.] (Zoˆl.) Having a round or
globular tip.

||Glo*big`e*ri"na (?), n.; pl. GlobigerinÊ (#). [NL., fr. L. globus a
||round body + gerere to bear.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of small Foraminifera,
||which live abundantly at or near the surface of the sea. Their dead
||shells, falling to the bottom, make up a large part of the soft mud,
||generally found in depths below 3,000 feet, and called globigerina
||ooze. See Illust. of Foraminifera.

Glo*bose" (?), a. [L. globosus.] Having a rounded form resembling that
of a globe; globular, or nearly so; spherical. Milton.

Glo*bose"ly, adv. In a globular manner; globularly.

Glo*bos"i*ty (?), n. [L. globositas: cf. F. globositÈ.] Sphericity.
Ray.

Glo"bous (?), a. [See Globose.] Spherical. Milton.

Glob"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. globulaire.] Globe-shaped; having the form
of a ball or sphere; spherical, or nearly so; as, globular atoms.
Milton.

Globular chart, a chart of the earth's surface constructed on the
principles of the globular projection. -- Globular projection (Map
Projection), a perspective projection of the surface of a hemisphere
upon a plane parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of sight
being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the opposite
hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the sphere into the sine
of 45∞. -- Globular sailing, sailing on the arc of a great circle, or
so as to make the shortest distance between two places; circular
sailing.

Glob`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The state of being globular; globosity;
sphericity.

Glob"u*lar*ly (?), adv. Spherically.

Glob"u*lar*ness, n. Sphericity; globosity.

Glob"ule (?), n. [L. globulus, dim. of globus globe: cf. F. globule.]
1. A little globe; a small particle of matter, of a spherical form.

    Globules of snow.


Sir I. Newton.

    These minute globules [a mole's eyes] are sunk . . . deeply in the
    skull.


Paley.

2. (Biol.) A minute spherical or rounded structure; as blood, lymph,
and pus corpuscles, minute fungi, spores, etc.

3. A little pill or pellet used by homeopathists.

Glob"u*let (?), n. A little globule. Crabb.

Glob`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Globule + -ferous.] Bearing globules; in
geology, used of rocks, and denoting a variety of concretionary
structure, where the concretions are isolated globules and evenly
distributed through the texture of the rock.

Glob`u*lim"e*ter (?), n. [Globule + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument
for measuring the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood.

The method depends on the differences of tint obtained by mixing a
sample of the blood with sodium carbonate solution.

Glob"u*lin (?), n. [From Globule: cf. F. globuline.] (Phisiol. Chem.)
An albuminous body, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solutions
of salt. It is present in the red blood corpuscles united with hÊmatin
to form hÊmoglobin. It is also found in the crystalline lens of the
eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes called crystallin. In the
plural the word is applied to a group of proteid substances such as
vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen, etc., all insoluble in water, but soluble
in dilute salt solutions.

Glob"u*lite (?), n. [See Globule.] (Min.) A rudimentary form of
crystallite, spherical in shape.

Glob"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. globuleux.] Globular; spherical; orbicular.
-- Glob"u*lous*ness, n.

Glob"y (?), a. Resembling, or pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular.
"The globy sea." Milton.

Glo*chid"i*ate (?), a. [Gr. &?; point of an arrow.] (Bot.) Having
barbs; as, glochidiate bristles. Gray.

||Glo*chid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Glochidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the point
||of an arrow.] (Zoˆl.) The larva or young of the mussel, formerly
||thought to be a parasite upon the parent's gills.

Glode (?), obs. imp. of Glide. Chaucer.

{ Glombe (?), Glome (?), } v. i. To gloom; to look gloomy, morose, or
sullen. [Obs.] Surrey.

Glome (?), n. Gloom. [Obs.]

Glome (?), n. [L. glomus a ball. Cf. Globe.] (Anat.) One of the two
prominences at the posterior extremity of the frog of the horse's foot.

Glom"er*ate (?), a. [L. glomeratus, p. p. of glomerare to glomerate,
from glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered together in a roundish mass or
dense cluster; conglomerate.

Glom"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Glomerated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Glomerating (?).] To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a
spherical form or mass, as threads.

Glom`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. glomeratio.]

1. The act of forming or gathering into a ball or round mass; the state
of being gathered into a ball; conglomeration.

2. That which is formed into a ball; a ball. Bacon.

Glom"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomerosus, fr. glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered
or formed into a ball or round mass. [Obs.] Blount.

Glom"er*ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. L. glomus ball.]

1. (Bot.) A head or dense cluster of flowers, formed by condensation of
a cyme, as in the flowering dogwood.

2. (Anat.) A glomerulus.

||Glo*mer"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Glomeruli (#). [NL., dim. of L. glomus.
||See 3d Glome.] (Anat.) The bunch of looped capillary blood vessels in
||a Malpighian capsule of the kidney.

Glom`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomus a ball + -ferous.] (Biol.) Having
small clusters of minutely branched coral-like excrescences. M. C.
Cooke.

{ Glon"o*in Glon"o*ine } (?), n. [Glycerin + oxygen + nitrogen + -in,
-ine.]

1. Same as Nitroglycerin; -- called also oil of glonoin. [Obs.]

2. (Med.) A dilute solution of nitroglycerin used as a neurotic.

Gloom (glm), n. [AS. glm twilight, from the root of E. glow. See Glow,
and cf. Glum, Gloam.]

1. Partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; as, the gloom of
a forest, or of midnight.

2. A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove.

    Before a gloom of stubborn-shafted oaks.


Tennyson .

3. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low
spirits; dullness.

    A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by fits.


Burke.

4. In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven.

Syn. -- Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness; depression;
melancholy; dejection; sadness. See Darkness.

Gloom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glooming.] 1.
To shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer.

2. To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal, gloomy, or sad; to
come to the evening twilight.

    The black gibbet glooms beside the way.


Goldsmith.

    [This weary day] . . . at last I see it gloom.


Spenser.

Gloom, v. t. 1. To render gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken.

    A bow window . . . gloomed with limes.


Walpole.

    A black yew gloomed the stagnant air.


Tennyson.

2. To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or sullen.

    Such a mood as that which lately gloomed Your fancy.


Tennison.

    What sorrows gloomed that parting day.


Goldsmith.

Gloom"i*ly (?), adv. In a gloomy manner.

Gloom"i*ness, n. State of being gloomy. Addison.

Gloom"ing, n. [Cf. Gloaming.] Twilight (of morning or evening); the
gloaming.

    When the faint glooming in the sky First lightened into day.


Trench.

    The balmy glooming, crescent-lit.


Tennyson.

Gloomth (?), n. Gloom. [R.] Walpole.

Gloom"y (?), a. [Compar. Gloomier (?); superl. Gloomiest.] 1.
Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or darkness; dusky;
dim; clouded; as, the cavern was gloomy. "Though hid in gloomiest
shade." Milton.

2. Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected; as, a
gloomy temper or countenance.

Syn. -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen; morose;
melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected; disheartened.

Glop"pen (glp"pen), v. t. & i. [OE. glopnen to be frightened, frighten:
cf. Icel. glpna to look downcast.] To surprise or astonish; to be
startled or astonished. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Glore (?), v. i. [See Gloar.] To glare; to glower. [Obs.] Halliwell.

||Glo"ri*a (?), n. [L., glory.] (Eccl.) (a) A doxology (beginning
||Gloria Patri, Glory be to the Father), sung or said at the end of the
||Psalms in the service of the Roman Catholic and other churches. (b) A
||portion of the Mass (Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Glory be to God on
||high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the
||Episcopal Church the version in English is used. (c) The musical
||setting of a gloria.

Glo`ri*a"tion (?), n. [L. gloriatio, from gloriari to glory, boast, fr.
gloria glory. See Glory, n.] Boast; a triumphing. [Obs.] Bp.
Richardson.

    Internal gloriation or triumph of the mind.


Hobbes.

Glo"ried (?), a. [See Glory.] Illustrious; honorable; noble. [Obs.]
Milton.

Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. glorificatio: cf. F. glorification. See
Glorify.] 1. The act of glorifying or of giving glory to. Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being glorifed; as, the glorification of Christ after
his resurrection.

Glo"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glorified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glorifying.] [F. glorifier, L. glorificare; gloria glory + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See - fy.]

1. To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to confer honor and
distinction upon; to elevate to power or happiness, or to celestial
glory.

    Jesus was not yet glorified.


John vii. 39.

2. To make glorious in thought or with the heart, by ascribing glory
to; to acknowledge the excellence of; to render homage to; to magnify
in worship; to adore.

    That we for thee may glorify the Lord.


Shak.

Glo"ri*ole (?), n. [L. gloriola a small glory, dim. of gloria glory.]
An aureole. [R.] Msr. Browning.

||Glo`ri*o"sa (?), n. [Nl., fr. L. gloriosus. See Glorious.] (Bot.) A
||genus of climbing plants with very showy lilylike blossoms, natives
||of India.

Glo`ri*o"ser (?), n. [From L. gloriosus boastful.] A boaster. [Obs.]
Greene.

||Glo`ri*o"so (?), n. [It.] A boaster. [Obs.] Fuller.

Glo"ri*ous (?), a. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L.
gloriosus. See Glory, n.]

1. Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or
receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious;
inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds.

    These are thy glorious works, Parent of good !


Milton.

2. Eager for glory or distinction; haughty; boastful; ostentatious;
vainglorious. [Obs.]

    Most miserable Is the desire that's glorious.


Shak.

3. Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink. [Colloq.]

    kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious, O'er all the ills of life
    victorious.


Burns.

    During his office treason was no crime, The sons of Belial had a
    glorious time.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious; celebrated;
magnificent; grand; splendid.

-- Glo"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Glo"ri*ous*ness, n. Udall.

    Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously.


Ex. xv. 21.

    I speak it not gloriously, nor out of affectation.


B. Jonson.

Glo"ry (gl"r; 111), n. [OE. glorie, OF. glorie, gloire, F. gloire, fr.
L. gloria; prob. akin to Gr. kle`os, Skr. Áravas glory, praise, Áru to
hear. See Loud.]

1. Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common
consent to a person or thing; high reputation; honorable fame; renown.

    Glory to God in the highest.


Luke ii. 14.

    Spread his glory through all countries wide.


Spenser.

2. That quality in a person or thing which secures general praise or
honor; that which brings or gives renown; an object of pride or boast;
the occasion of praise; excellency; brilliancy; splendor.

    Think it no glory to swell in tyranny.


Sir P. Sidney.

    Jewels lose their glory if neglected.


Shak.

    Your sex's glory 't is to shine unknown.


Young.

3. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance.

    In glory of thy fortunes.


Chapman.

4. The presence of the Divine Being; the manifestations of the divine
nature and favor to the blessed in heaven; celestial honor; heaven.

    Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to
    glory.


Ps. lxxiii. 24.

5. An emanation of light supposed to proceed from beings of peculiar
sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of gold, or the like,
proceeding from the head or body, or by a disk, or a mere line.

This is the general term; when confined to the head it is properly
called nimbus; when encircling the whole body, aureola or aureole.

Glory hole, an opening in the wall of a glass furnace, exposing the
brilliant white light of the interior. Knight. -- Glory pea (Bot.), the
name of two leguminous plants (Clianthus Dampieri and C. puniceus) of
Australia and New Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson flowers.
-- Glory tree (Bot.), a name given to several species of the
verbenaceous genus Clerodendron, showy flowering shrubs of tropical
regions.

Glo"ry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glorying.]
[OE. glorien, OF. glorier, fr. L. gloriari, fr. gloria glory. See
Glory, n.]

1. To exult with joy; to rejoice.

    Glory ye in his holy name.


Ps. cv.&?;

2. To boast; to be proud.

    God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus
    Christ.


Gal. vi. 14

    No one . . . should glory in his prosperity.


Richardson.

Glose (?), n. & v. See Gloze. Chaucer.

Glos"er (?), n. See Glosser.

Gloss (gls), n. [Cf. Icel. glossi a blaze, glys finery, MHG. glosen to
glow, G. glosten to glimmer; perh. akin to E. glass.] 1. Brightness or
luster of a body proceeding from a smooth surface; polish; as, the
gloss of silk; cloth is calendered to give it a gloss.

    It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any fairer
    gloss than the naked truth doth afford.


Hooker.

2. A specious appearance; superficial quality or show.

    To me more dear, congenial to my heart, One native charm than all
    the gloss of art.


Goldsmith.

Gloss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glossing.] To
give a superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and shining; as,
to gloss cloth.

    The glossed and gleamy wave.


J. R. Drake.

Gloss, n. [OE. glose, F. glose, L. glossa a difficult word needing
explanation, fr. Gr. &?; tongue, language, word needing explanation.
Cf. Gloze, Glossary, Glottis.]

1. A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon word requiring
explanation. [Obs.]

2. An interpretation, consisting of one or more words, interlinear or
marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a running commentary.

    All this, without a gloss or comment, He would unriddle in a
    moment.


Hudibras.

    Explaining the text in short glosses.


T. Baker.

3. A false or specious explanation. Dryden.

<! p. 632 !>

Gloss (gls), v. t. 1. To render clear and evident by comments; to
illustrate; to explain; to annotate.

2. To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and plausible;
to palliate by specious explanation.

    You have the art to gloss the foulest cause.


Philips.

Gloss (?), v. i. 1. To make comments; to comment; to explain. Dryden.

2. To make sly remarks, or insinuations. Prior.

||Glos"sa (?), n.; pl. GlossÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the tongue.]
||(Zoˆl.) The tongue, or lingua, of an insect. See Hymenoptera.

Glos"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the tongue; lingual.

Glos*san"thrax (?), n. [Gr. &?; tongue + E. anthrax: cf. F.
glossanthrax.] A disease of horses and cattle accompanied by carbuncles
in the mouth and on the tongue.

Glos*sa"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glosses or to a glossary;
containing a glossary.

Glos*sa"ri*al*ly, adv. In the manner of a glossary.

Glos"sa*rist (?), n. A writer of glosses or of a glossary; a
commentator; a scholiast. Tyrwhitt.

Glos"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Gossaries (#). [L. glossarium, fr. glossa: cf.
F. glossaire. See 3d Gloss.] A collection of glosses or explanations of
words and passages of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a work,
an author, a dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic, technical,
or other uncommon words.

||Glos*sa"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Glossa.] (Zoˆl.) The Lepidoptera.

Glos*sa"tor (?), n. [LL. See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses or
comments; a commentator. [R.] "The . . . glossators of Aristotle."
Milman.

Gloss"er (?), n. [See lst Gloss.] A polisher; one who gives a luster.

Gloss"er, n. [See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a
commentator. L. Addison.

Glos"sic (gls"sk), n. [L. glossa a word requiring a gloss. See 3d
Gloss.] A system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values of
English letters, but invariably using one symbol to represent one sound
only.

    Ingglish Glosik konvai∑z hwotev∑er proanusiai∑shon iz inten∑ded bei
    dhi reiter.


A. J. Ellis.

Gloss"i*ly (?), adv. In a glossy manner.

Gloss"i*ness, n. [From Glossy.] The condition or quality of being
glossy; the luster or brightness of a smooth surface. Boyle.

Gloss"ist, n. A writer of comments. [Obs.] Milton.

||Glos*si"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; tongue + -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the tongue.

Gloss"ly (?), adv. Like gloss; specious. Cowley.

||Glos*soc"o*mon (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of case.] A kind of
||hoisting winch.

Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; tongue + E. epiglottic.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis; as, glossoepiglottic folds.

Glos"sog"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; tongue + &?; to write. See 3d
Gloss.] A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast. Hayward.

Glos`so*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossography.

Glos"sog"ra*phy (?), n. [See Glossographer.] The writing of glossaries,
glosses, or comments for illustrating an author.

Glos`so*hy"al (?), a. [Gr. &?; the tongue + the letter &?;.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; -- applied to the
anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many fishes. -- n. The
glossohyal bone or cartilage; lingual bone; entoglossal bone.

{ ||Glos`so*la"li*a (?), Glos*sol"a*ly (?), } n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;
tongue + &?; talk: cf. F. glossolalie.] The gift of tongues. Farrar.

Glos`so*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossology.

Glos*sol"o*gist (?), n. One who defines and explains terms; one who is
versed in glossology.

Glos*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; tongue + -logy: cf. F. glossologie. See
3d Gloss.] 1. The definition and explanation of terms; a glossary.

2. The science of language; comparative philology; linguistics;
glottology.

Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al (gls"d*fr`n*j"al or -f*rn"j*al), a. [Gr. glw^ssa
the tongue + E. pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both the tongue and
the pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves,
which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue. -- n. One of the
glossopharyngeal nerves.

Gloss"y (gls"), a. [Compar. Glossier (-*r); superl. Glossiest.] [See
Gloss luster.] 1. Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth
surface; highly polished; lustrous; as, glossy silk; a glossy surface.

2. Smooth; specious; plausible; as, glossy deceit.

Glost" ov`en (?). An oven in which glazed pottery is fired; -- also
called glaze kiln, or glaze.

Glot"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis;
glottic.

Glottal catch, an effect produced upon the breath or voice by a sudden
opening or closing of the glotts. Sweet.

{ Glot"tic (?), Glot*tid"e*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
glottis; glottal.

Glot"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, from &?;, &?;, the tongue. See
Gloss an explanatory remark.] (Anat.) The opening from the pharynx into
the larynx or into the trachea. See Larynx.

Glot`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glottology.

Glot*tol"o*gist (?), n. A linguist; a philologist.

Glot*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the tongue + -logy.] The science
of tongues or languages; comparative philology; glossology.

Glout (?), v. i. [Scot. Cf. Gloat.] To pout; to look sullen. [Obs.]
Garth.

Glout (?), v. t. To view attentively; to gloat on; to stare at. [Obs.]
Wright.

Glove (glv), n. [OE. glove, glofe, AS. glf; akin to Icel. glfi, cf.
Goth. lfa palm of the hand, Icel. lfi.]

1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate
sheath for each finger. The latter characteristic distinguishes the
glove from the mitten.

2. A boxing glove.

Boxing glove. See under Boxing. -- Glove fight, a pugilistic contest in
which the fighters wear boxing gloves. -- Glove money or silver. (a) A
tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with. (b) (Eng.
Law.) A reward given to officers of courts; also, a fee given by the
sheriff of a county to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when
there are no offenders to be executed. -- Glove sponge (Zoˆl.), a fine
and soft variety of commercial sponges (Spongia officinalis). -- To be
hand and glove with, to be intimately associated or on good terms with.
"Hand and glove with traitors." J. H. Newman. -- To handle without
gloves, to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly with.
[Colloq.] -- To take up the glove, to accept a challenge or adopt a
quarrel. -- To throw down the glove, to challenge to combat.

Glove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gloved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gloving.] To
cover with, or as with, a glove.

Glov"er (?), n. One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves.

Glover's suture or stitch, a kind of stitch used in sewing up wounds,
in which the thread is drawn alternately through each side from within
outward.

Glow (gl), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowed (gld); p. pr. & vb. n. Glowing.]
[AS. glwan; akin to D. gloeijen, OHG. gluoen, G. gl¸hen, Icel. gla,
Dan. gloende glowing. &radic;94. Cf. Gloom.]

1. To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth vivid light
and heat; to be incandescent.

    Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees.


Pope.

2. To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if with heat;
to be bright or red with heat or animation, with blushes, etc.

    Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays.


Dryden.

    And glow with shame of your proceedings.


Shak.

3. To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from
friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.

    Did not his temples glow In the same sultry winds and acrching
    heats?


Addison.

    The cord slides swiftly through his glowing hands.


Gay.

4. To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love,
zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the heart glows with love,
zeal, or patriotism.

    With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows.


Dryden.

    Burns with one love, with one resentment glows.


Pope.

Glow, v. t. To make hot; to flush. [Poetic]

    Fans, whose wind did seem To glow the delicate cheeks which they
    did cool.


Shak.

Glow, n. 1. White or red heat; incandscence.

2. Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; as, the glow
of health in the cheeks.

3. Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of passion;
ardor.

    The red glow of scorn.


Shak.

4. Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by exercise,
etc.

Glow"bard (?), n. [See Globard.] The glowworm. [Obs.]

Glow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glowering.] [Cf. Gloar.] to look intently; to stare angrily or with a
scowl. Thackeray.

Glow"ing*ly (?), adv. In a glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion.

Glow"lamp` (?), n. 1. (Chem.) An aphlogistic lamp. See Aphlogistic.

2. (Elect.) An incandescent lamp. See Incandescent, a.

Glow"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A coleopterous insect of the genus Lampyris;
esp., the wingless females and larvÊ of the two European species (L.
noctiluca, and L. splendidula), which emit light from some of the
abdominal segments.

    Like a glowworm in the night, The which hath fire in darkness, none
    in light.


Shak.

The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted by the light of the
female. In America, the luminous larvÊ of several species of fireflies
and fire beetles are called glowworms. Both sexes of these are winged
when mature. See Firefly.

||Glox*in"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) American genus of herbaceous plants
||with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; -- named after B. P. Gloxin,
||a German botanist.

Gloze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glozed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glozing.]
[OE. glosen, F. gloser. See gloss explanation.]

1. To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk smoothly. Chaucer.

    A false, glozing parasite.


South.

    So glozed the tempter, and his proem tuned.


Milton.

2. To give a specious or false meaning; to ministerpret. Shak.

Gloze, v. t. To smooth over; to palliate.

    By glozing the evil that is in the world.


I. Taylor.

Gloze, n. 1. Flattery; adulation; smooth speech.

    Now to plain dealing; lay these glozes by.


Shak.

2. Specious show; gloss. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Gloz"er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Gifford (1580).

Glu"cic (?), a. [Gr. &?; sweet.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained
from, sugar; as, glucic acid.

Glu*ci"na (?), n. [Cf. F. glycine, glucine. So called because it forms
sweet salts. See Glucinum.] (Chem.) A white or gray tasteless powder,
the oxide of the element glucinum; -- formerly called glucine.

Glu*cin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing,
glucinum; as, glucinic oxide.

Glu*ci"num (?), n. [Cf. F. glucinium, glycium, fr. Gr. &?;, sweet. Cf.
Glycerin.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of a silver white color,
and low specific gravity (2.1), resembling magnesium. It never occurs
naturally in the free state, but is always combined, usually with
silica or alumina, or both; as in the minerals phenacite, chrysoberyl,
beryl or emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named from its oxide
glucina, which was known long before the element was isolated. Symbol
Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also beryllium. [Formerly written also
glucinium.]

Glu"co*gen (?), n. [R.] See Glycogen.

Glu`co*gen"e*sis (?), n. Glycogenesis. [R.]

Glu*con"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, glucose.

Gluconic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy
liquid, by the oxidation of glucose; -- called also maltonic acid, and
dextronic acid.

Glu"cose` (?), n. [Gr. &?; sweet. Cf. Glycerin.]

1. A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe
grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch,
etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet
as cane sugar. Called also dextrose, grape sugar, diabetic sugar, and
starch sugar. See Dextrose.

2. (Chem.) Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose
proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.

3. The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside in
the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to some
dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap
adulterant of sirups, beers, etc.

Glu"co*side (?), n. [See Glucose.] (Chem.) One of a large series of
amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed
in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the
formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a
bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and
alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid,
aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other
sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound
ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.

||Glu`co*su"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. E. glucose + Gr. &?; urine.] (Med.)
||A condition in which glucose is discharged in the urine; diabetes
||mellitus.

Glue (gl), n. [F. glu, L. glus, akin to gluten, from gluere to draw
together. Cf. Gluten.] A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by
boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. When gently
heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenaceous, and is used as a
cement for uniting substances. The name is also given to other adhesive
or viscous substances.

Bee glue. See under Bee. -- Fish glue, a strong kind of glue obtained
from fish skins and bladders; isinglass. -- Glue plant (Bot.), a fucoid
seaweed (Gloiopeltis tenax). -- Liquid glue, a fluid preparation of
glue and acetic acid or alcohol. -- Marine glue, a solution of
caoutchouc in naphtha, with shellac, used in shipbuilding.

Glue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gluing.] [F.
gluer. See Glue, n.] To join with glue or a viscous substance; to cause
to stick or hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten.

    This cold, congealed blood That glues my lips, and will not let me
    speak.


Shak.

Glue"pot` (?), n. A utensil for melting glue, consisting of an inner
pot holding the glue, immersed in an outer one containing water which
is heated to soften the glue.

Glu"er (?), n. One who cements with glue.

Glu"ey (?), a. Viscous; glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue.

Glu"ey*ness, n. Viscidity.

Glu"ish, a. Somewhat gluey. Sherwood.

Glum (?), n. [See Gloom.] Sullenness. [Obs.] Skelton.

Glum, a. Moody; silent; sullen.

    I frighten people by my glun face.


Thackeray.

Glum, v. i. To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum.
[Obs.] Hawes.

Glu*ma"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. glumancÈ. See Glume.] Having glumes;
consisting of glumes.

Glu"mal (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by a glume, or having the nature
of a glume.

Glume (glm), n. [L. gluma hull, husk, fr. glubere to bark or peel: cf.
F. glume or gloume.] (Bot.) The bracteal covering of the flowers or
seeds of grain and grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a spikelet.
Gray.

{ Glu*mel"la (?), Glu"melle (?), } n. [F. glumelle, dim. of glume.]
(Bot.) One of the palets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or
spikelets of grasses.

Glum"ly (?), adv. In a glum manner; sullenly; moodily.

Glum"my (?), a. [See Gloom.] Dark; gloomy; dismal. [Obs.]

Glum"ness, n. Moodiness; sullenness.

Glump (glmp), v. i. [See Glum.] To manifest sullenness; to sulk.
[Colloq.]

<! p. 633 !>

Glump"y (glmp"), a. Glum; sullen; sulky. [Colloq.] "He was glumpy
enough." T. Hook.

Glunch (glnch), a. [Cf. Glump.] Frowning; sulky; sullen. Sir W. Scott.
-- n. A sullen, angry look; a look of disdain or dislike. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]

Glut (glt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glutting.]
[OE. glotten, fr. OF. glotir, gloutir, L. glutire, gluttire; cf. Gr.
&?; to eat, Skr. gar. Cf. Gluttion, Englut.] 1. To swallow, or to
swallow greedlly; to gorge.

    Though every drop of water swear against it, And gape at widest to
    glut him.


Shak.

2. To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving of; to
satiate; to sate; to cloy.

    His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice, Torn from his breast, to
    glut the tyrant's eyes.


Dryden.

    The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to glut the wonder,
    lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace.


C. Kingsley.

To glut the market, to furnish an oversupply of any article of trade,
so that there is no sale for it.

Glut, v. i. To eat gluttonously or to satiety.

    Like three horses that have broken fence, And glutted all night
    long breast-deep in corn.


Tennyson.

Glut, n. 1. That which is swallowed. Milton

2. Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply; hence, often, a
supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over abundance; as, a glut of
the market.

    A glut of those talents which raise men to eminence.


Macaulay.

3. Something that fills up an opening; a clog.

4. (a) A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks. [Prov. Eng.] (b)
(Mining) A piece of wood used to fill up behind cribbing or tubbing.
Raymond. (c) (Bricklaying) A bat, or small piece of brick, used to fill
out a course. Knight. (d) (Arch.) An arched opening to the ashpit of a
kiln. (e) A block used for a fulcrum.

5. (Zoˆl.) The broad-nosed eel (Anguilla latirostris), found in Europe,
Asia, the West Indies, etc.

Glu`ta*con"ic (?), a. [Glutaric + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
derived from, an acid intermediate between glutaric and aconitic acids.

||Glu*tÊ"us (?), n. [NL. See Gluteal.] (Anat.) The great muscle of the
||buttock in man and most mammals, and the corresponding muscle in many
||lower animals.

In man, the glutÊus is composed of three distinct parts, which extend
and abduct the thigh, and help support the body in standing.

Glu*tam"ic (?), a. [Gluten + -amic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to
gluten.

Glutamic acid, a nitrogenous organic acid obtained from certain
albuminoids, as gluten; -- called also amido-glutaric acid.

Glu*tar"ic (?), a. [Glutamic + tartaric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or
designating, an acid so called; as, glutaric ethers.

Glutaric acid, an organic acid obtained as a white crystalline
substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; -- called also normal
pyrotartaric acid.

Glu"ta*zine (?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy,
sandy powder, white or nearly so. It is a derivative of pyridine.

Glu"te*al (?), a. [G. &?; rump, pl., the buttocks.] (Anat.) Pertaining
to, or in the region of, the glutÊus.

Glu"ten (?), n. [L., glue: cf. F. gluten. See Glue.] (Chem.) The
viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesiveness to dough.

Gluten is a complex and variable mixture of glutin or gliadin,
vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily material, etc., and is a very
nutritious element of food. It may be separated from the flour of grain
by subjecting this to a current of water, the starch and other soluble
matters being thus washed out.

Gluten bread, bread containing a large proportion of gluten; -- used in
cases of diabetes. -- Gluten casein (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found
in the seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark, amorphous, earthy
mass. -- Gluten fibrin (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the cereal
grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow substance.

||Glu*te"us (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as GlutÊus.

Glu"tin (?), n. [See Gluten.] (Chem.)

1. Same as Gliadin.

2. Sometimes synonymous with Gelatin. [R.]

Glu"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glutinating.] [L. glutinatus, p. p. of glutinare to glue, fr. gluten
glue.] To unite with glue; to cement; to stick together. Bailey.

Glu`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. glutinatio: cf. F. glutination.] The act of
uniting with glue; sticking together.

Glu"ti*na*tive (?), a. [L. glutinativus: cf. F. glutinatif.] Having the
quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous; glutinous.

Glu`ti*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. glutinositÈ .] The quality of being
glutinous; viscousness. [R.]

Glu"ti*nous (?), a. [L. glutinosus, fr. gluten glue: cf. F. glutineux.
See Gluten.]

1. Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid; adhesive;
gluey.

2. (Bot.) Havig a moist and adhesive or sticky surface, as a leaf or
gland.

Glu"ti*nous*ness (?), n. The quality of being glutinous.

Glut"ton (?), n. [OE. glotoun, glotun, F. glouton, fr. L. gluto,
glutto. See Glut.]

1. One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a gormandizer.

2. Fig.: One who gluts himself.

    Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy.


Granville.

3. (Zoˆl.) A carnivorous mammal (Gulo luscus), of the family MustelidÊ,
about the size of a large badger. It was formerly believed to be
inordinately voracious, whence the name; the wolverene. It is a native
of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia.

Glutton bird (Zoˆl.), the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea); -- called
also Mother Carey's goose, and mollymawk.

Glut"ton (?), a. Gluttonous; greedy; gormandizing. "Glutton souls."
Dryden.

    A glutton monastery in former ages makes a hungry ministry in our
    days.


Fuller.

Glut"ton, v. t. & i. To glut; to eat voraciously. [Obs.]

    Gluttoned at last, return at home to pine.


Lovelace.

    Whereon in Egypt gluttoning they fed.


Drayton.

Glut"ton*ish, a. Gluttonous; greedy. Sir P. Sidney.

Glut"ton*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gluttonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gluttonizing (?).] To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to gormandize.
Hallywell.

Glut"ton*ous (?), a. Given to gluttony; eating to excess; indulging the
appetite; voracious; as, a gluttonous age. -- Glut"ton*ous*ly, adv. --
Glut"ton*ous*ness, n.

Glut"ton*y (?), n.; pl. Gluttonies (#). [OE. glotonie, OF. glotonie,
gloutonnie.] Excess in eating; extravagant indulgence of the appetite
for food; voracity.

    Their sumptuous gluttonies, and gorgeous feasts.


Milton.

Glyc"er*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of glyceric acid.

Gly*cer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycerin.

Glyceric acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained by the partial
oxidation of glycerin, as a thick liquid. It is a hydroxyl derivative
of propionic acid, and has both acid and alcoholic properties.

Glyc"er*ide (?), n. [See Glycerin.] (Chem.) A compound ether (formed
from glycerin). Some glycerides exist ready formed as natural fats,
others are produced artificially.

Glyc"er*in, Glyc"er*ine (&?;), n. [F. glycÈrine, fr. Gr. glykero`s,
glyky`s, sweet. Cf. Glucose, Licorice.] (Chem.) An oily, viscous
liquid, C3H5(OH)3, colorless and odorless, and with a hot, sweetish
taste, existing in the natural fats and oils as the base, combined with
various acids, as oleic, margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a
triatomic alcohol, and hence is also called glycerol. See Note under
Gelatin.

It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a large scale, by
the action of superheated steam. It is used as an ointment, as a
solvent and vehicle for medicines, and as an adulterant in wine, beer,
etc.

Glyc"er*ite (?), n. (Med.) A medicinal preparation made by mixing or
dissolving a substance in glycerin.

Glyc"er*ol (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Glycerin.

Glyc"er*ole (?), n. [F. glycÈrolÈ.] (Med.) Same as Glycerite.

Glyc"er*yl (?), n. [Glycerin + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C3H5,
regarded as the essential radical of glycerin. It is metameric with
allyl. Called also propenyl.

Glyc"ide (?), n. [Glyceric + anhydride.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid,
obtained from certain derivatives of glycerin, and regarded as a
partially dehydrated glycerin; -- called also glycidic alcohol.

Gly*cid"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide; as,
glycidic acid.

Gly"cin (?), n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Glycocoll.

Gly`co*cho"late (?), n. [Glycocoll + cholic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A salt
of glycocholic acid; as, sodium glycocholate.

Gly`co*chol"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or composed of,
glycocoll and cholic acid.

Glycocholic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a conjugate acid, composed of
glycocoll and cholic acid, present in bile in the form of a sodium
salt. The acid commonly forms a resinous mass, but can be crystallized
in long, white needles.

Gly"co*cin (?), n. [Glycocoll + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Glycocoll.

Gly"co*coll (?), n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet + ko`lla glue.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, with a sweet taste, formed from
hippuric acid by boiling with hydrochloric acid, and present in bile
united with cholic acid. It is also formed from gelatin by
decomposition with acids. Chemically, it is amido-acetic acid. Called
also glycin, and glycocin.

Gly"co*gen (?), n. [Gr. &?; sweet + -gen: cf. F. glycogËne.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch,
soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in the
liver of most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and
tissues, particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar
when boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the
action of amylolytic ferments.

Gly`co*gen"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; as, the
glycogenic function of the liver.

{ Gly*cog"e*ny (?), Gly`co*gen"e*sis (?), } n. (Physiol.) The
production or formation of sugar from gycogen, as in the liver.

Gly"col (?), n. [Glycerin + - ol. See Glycerin.] (Chem.) (a) A thick,
colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially
from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate
between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin. (b) Any one of the large
class of diacid alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.

Gly*col"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as,
glycolic ether; glycolic acid.

Glycolic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, found naturally in unripe
grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape (Ampelopsis quinquefolia),
and produced artificially in many ways, as by the oxidation of glycol,
-- whence its name. It is a sirupy, or white crystalline, substance,
HO.CH2.CO2H, has the properties both of an alcohol and an acid, and is
a type of the hydroxy acids; -- called also hydroxyacetic acid.

Gly"co*lide (?), n. [Glycol + anhydride.] (Chem.) A white amorphous
powder, C4H4O, obtained by heating and dehydrating glycolic acid.
[Written also glycollide.]

Gly`co*lu"ric (?), a. [Glycol + uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived
from, glycol and urea; as, glycoluric acid, which is called also
hydantoic acid.

Gly`co*lu"ril (?), n. [Glycolyl + uric.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline,
nitrogenous substance, obtained by the reduction of allantoÔn.

Gly"co*lyl (?), n. [Glycolic + -yl.] (Chem.) A divalent, compound
radical, CO.CH2, regarded as the essential radical of glycolic acid,
and a large series of related compounds.

Gly*co"ni*an (?), a. & n. Glyconic.

Gly*con"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; a kind of verse, so called from its
inventor, Glycon.] (Pros.) Consisting of a spondee, a choriamb, and a
pyrrhic; -- applied to a kind of verse in Greek and Latin poetry. -- n.
(Pros.) A glyconic verse.

Gly"co*nin (?), n. An emulsion of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used
as an ointment, as a vehicle for medicines, etc.

Gly"co*sine (?), n. (Chem.) An organic base, C6H6N4, produced
artificially as a white, crystalline powder, by the action of ammonia
on glyoxal.

||Gly`co*su"ri*a (?), n. (Med.) Same as Glucosuria.

||Glyc`yr*rhi"za (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; sweet + &?; root. Cf.
||Licorice.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous herbaceous plants, one species of
which (G. glabra), is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a
bittersweet mucilaginous taste.

2. (Med.) The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice root), used as a
demulcent, etc.

Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic (?), a. (Chem.) From, or pertaining to,
glycyrrhizin; as, glycyrrhizimic acid.

Gly*cyr"rhi*zin (?), n. [Cf. F. glycyrrhizine. See Glycyrrhiza.]
(Chem.) A glucoside found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza), in monesia
bark (Chrysophyllum), in the root of the walnut, etc., and extracted as
a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet taste.

{ Glyn, Glynne } (?), n. A glen. See Glen. [Obs. singly, but occurring
often in locative names in Ireland, as Glen does in Scotland.]

    He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut them up within
    those narrow corners and glyns under the mountain's foot.


Spenser.

Gly*ox"al (?), n. [Glycol + oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A white,
amorphous, deliquescent powder, (CO.H)2, obtained by the partial
oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde, between glycol and oxalic
acid.

Gly`ox*al"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an aldehyde
acid, intermediate between glycol and oxalic acid. [Written also
glyoxylic.]

Gly*ox"a*line (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline, organic base,
C3H4N2, produced by the action of ammonia on glyoxal, and forming the
origin of a large class of derivatives hence, any one of the series of
which glyoxaline is a type; -- called also oxaline.

Gly*ox"ime (?), n. [Glyoxal + oxime.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline,
nitrogenous substance, produced by the action of hydroxylamine on
glyoxal, and belonging to the class of oximes; also, any one of a group
of substances resembling glyoxime proper, and of which it is a type.
See Oxime.

Glyph (glf), n. [Gr. glyfh` carving, fr. gly`fein to carve: cf. F.
glyphe. Cf. Cleave to split.] (Arch.) A sunken channel or groove,
usually vertical. See Triglyph.

Glyph"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; of or for carving.] (Fine Arts) Of or
pertaining to sculpture or carving of any sort, esp. to glyphs.

Glyph"o*graph (?), n. A plate made by glyphography, or an impression
taken from such a plate.

Glyph`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to glyphography.

Gly*phog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; to engrave + -graphy.] A process
similar to etching, in which, by means of voltaic electricity, a raised
copy of a drawing is made, so that it can be used to print from.

Glyp"tic (?), a. [See Glyph.]

1. Of or pertaining to gem engraving.

2. (Min.) Figured; marked as with figures.

Glyp"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. glyptique. See Glyph.] The art of engraving
on precious stones.

Glyp"to*don (?), n. [Gr. &?; carved, engraved + &?;, &?;, tooth. See
Glyph.] (Paleon.) An extinct South American quaternary mammal, allied
to the armadillos. It was as large as an ox, was covered with
tessellated scales, and had fluted teeth. Owen.

<! p. 634 !>

Glyp"to*dont (?), n. (Paleon.) One of a family (GlyptodontidÊ) of
extinct South American edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type. About
twenty species are known.

Glyp`to*graph"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. glyptographique.] Relating to
glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious stones. [R.]

Glyp*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; carved + -graphy: cf. F.
glyptographie.] The art or process of engraving on precious stones.
[R.]

||Glyp`to*the"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; carved + &?; case, box.] A
||building or room devoted to works of sculpture.

Glys"ter (?), n. (Med.) Same as Clyster.

Gmel"in*ite (?), n. [Named after the German chemist Gmelin.] (Min.) A
rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related in form and composition to
chabazite.

||Gna*pha"li*um (?), n. [Nl., from Gr. &?; wool of the teasel.] (Bot.)
||A genus of composite plants with white or colored dry and persistent
||involucres; a kind of everlasting.

Gnar (?), n. [OE. knarre, gnarre, akin to OD. knor, G. knorren. Cf.
Knar, Knur, Gnarl.] A knot or gnarl in wood; hence, a tough, thickset
man; -- written also gnarr. [Archaic]

    He was . . . a thick gnarre.


Chaucer.

Gnar (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarring.]
[See Gnarl.] To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; -- written also gnarr.
[Archaic]

    At them he gan to rear his bristles strong, And felly gnarre.


Spenser.

    A thousand wants Gnarr at the heels of men.


Tennison.

Gnarl (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarling.]
[From older gnar, prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. knarren, knurren.
D. knorren, Sw. knorra, Dan. knurre.] To growl; to snarl.

    And wolves are gnarling who shall gnaw thee first.


Shak.

Gnarl, n. [See Gnar, n.] a knot in wood; a large or hard knot, or a
protuberance with twisted grain, on a tree.

Gnarled (?), a. Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.

    The unwedgeable and gnarlÈd oak.


Shak.

Gnarl"y (?), a. Full of knots; knotty; twisted; crossgrained.

Gnash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnashed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnashing.]
[OE. gnasten, gnaisten, cf. Icel. gnastan a gnashing, gn&?;sta to
gnash, Dan. knaske, Sw. gnissla, D. knarsen, G. knirschen.] To strike
together, as in anger or pain; as, to gnash the teeth.

Gnash, v. i. To grind or strike the teeth together.

    There they him laid, Gnashing for anguish, and despite, and shame.


Milton.

Gnash"ing*ly, adv. With gnashing.

Gnat (?), n. [AS. gnÊt.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of
the genus Culex, undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The females have
a proboscis armed with needlelike organs for penetrating the skin of
animals. These are wanting in the males. In America they are generally
called mosquitoes. See Mosquito.

2. Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits; esp., in America, a
small biting fly of the genus Simulium and allies, as the buffalo gnat,
the black fly, etc.

Gnat catcher (Zoˆl.), one of several species of small American singing
birds, of the genus Polioptila, allied to the kinglets. -- Gnat flower,
the bee flower. -- Gnat hawk (Zoˆl.), the European goatsucker; --
called also gnat owl. -- Gnat snapper (Zoˆl.), a bird that catches
gnats. -- Gnat strainer, a person ostentatiously punctilious about
trifles. Cf. Matt. xxiii. 24.

Gnath"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; the jaw.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
jaw.

Gnathic index, in a skull, the ratio of the distance from the middle of
the nasofrontal suture to the basion (taken equal to 100), to the
distance from the basion to the middle of the front edge of the upper
jaw; -- called also alveolar index.

    Skulls with the gnathic index below 98 are orthognathous, from 98
    to 103 mesognathous, and above 103 are prognathous.


Flower.

||Gna*thid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Gnathidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. gna`qos the
||jaw.] (Zoˆl.) The ramus of the lower jaw of a bird as far as it is
||naked; -- commonly used in the plural.

Gnath"ite (?), n. [Gr. gna`qos the jaw.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of the mouth
appendages of the Arthropoda. They are known as mandibles, maxillÊ, and
maxillipeds.

{ Gna*thon"ic (?), Gna*thon"ic*al (?), } a. [L. Gnatho, name of a
parasite in the "Eunuchus" of Terence, Gr. &?;; hence, a parasite in
general.] Flattering; deceitful. [Obs.]

Gnath"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. gna`qos the jaw + -pod.] (Zoˆl.) A
gnathopodite or maxilliped. See Maxilliped.

Gna*thop"o*dite (?), n. (Zoˆl,) Any leglike appendage of a crustacean,
when modified wholly, or in part, to serve as a jaw, esp. one of the
maxillipeds.

Gna*thos"te*gite (?), n. [Gr. gna`qos the jaw + &?; a roof.] (Zoˆl.)
One of a pair of broad plates, developed from the outer maxillipeds of
crabs, and forming a cover for the other mouth organs.

||Gna*thos"to*ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. gna`qos the jaw + &?;, &?;,
||the mouth.] (Zoˆl.) A comprehensive division of vertebrates,
||including all that have distinct jaws, in contrast with the
||leptocardians and marsipobranchs (Cyclostoma), which lack them.
||[Written also Gnathostomata.]

||Gnath`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Gnathothec∆ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. gna`qos
||the jaw + &?; a box.] (Zoˆl.) The horney covering of the lower
||mandible of a bird.

Gnat"ling (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small gnat.

Gnat"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The aquatic larva of a gnat; -- called also,
colloquially, wiggler.

Gnaw (n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnawed (nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnawing.]
[OE. gnawen, AS. gnagan; akin to D. knagen, OHG. gnagan, nagan, G.
nagen, Icel. & Sw. gnaga, Dan. gnave, nage. Cf. Nag to tease.] 1. To
bite, as something hard or tough, which is not readily separated or
crushed; to bite off little by little, with effort; to wear or eat away
by scraping or continuous biting with the teeth; to nibble at.

    His bones clean picked; his very bones they gnaw.


Dryden.

2. To bite in agony or rage.

    They gnawed their tongues for pain.


Rev. xvi. 10.

3. To corrode; to fret away; to waste.

Gnaw, v. i. To use the teeth in biting; to bite with repeated effort,
as in eating or removing with the teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or
unmanageable.

    I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain that ties me.


Sir P. Sidney.

Gnaw"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, gnaws.

2. (Zoˆl.) A rodent.

Gneiss (ns), n. [G.] (Geol.) A crystalline rock, consisting, like
granite, of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these materials,
especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather
easily into coarse slabs or flags. Hornblende sometimes takes the place
of the mica, and it is then called hornblendic or syenitic gneiss.
Similar varieties of related rocks are also called gneiss.

Gneis"sic (ns"sk), a. Relating to, or resembling, gneiss; consisting of
gneiss.

Gneis"soid (-soid), a. [Gneiss + -oid.] Resembling gneiss; having some
of the characteristics of gneiss; -- applied to rocks of an
intermediate character between granite and gneiss, or mica slate and
gneiss.

Gneis"sose` (?), a. Having the structure of gneiss.

Gnew (n), obs. imp. of Gnaw. Chaucer.

Gnide (nd), v. t. [AS. gndan.] To rub; to bruise; to break in pieces.
[Obs.]

This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but improperly. The woed,
though common in Old English, does not occur in Chaucer. T. R.
Lounsbury.

Gnof (nf), n. Churl; curmudgeon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gnome (?), n. [F. gnome, prob. fr. Gr. gnw`mon one that knows, a
guardian, i. e., of the treasures in the inner parts of the earth, or
fr. &?; intelligence, both fr. gnw^nai, gignw^skein, to know. See
Know.] 1. An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit
the inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines,
quarries, etc.

2. A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen features,
or of strange appearance.

3. (Zoˆl.) A small owl (Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United States.

4. [Gr. &?;.] A brief reflection or maxim. Peacham.

{ Gnom"ic (?), Gnom"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. gnomique.
See Gnome maxim.] Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or
striking detached thoughts; aphoristic.

    A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and gnomic poetry.


G. R. Lewes.

Gnomic Poets, Greek poets, as Theognis and Solon, of the sixth century
B. C., whose writings consist of short sententious precepts and
reflections.

Gnom"ic*al, a. [See Gnomon.] Gnomonical. Boyle.

Gnom"ic*al*ly, adv. In a gnomic, didactic, or sententious manner.

{ Gno`mo*log"ic (?), Gno`mo*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;.] Pertaining
to, of the nature of, or resembling, a gnomology.

Gno*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; judgment, maxim + &?; discourse: cf.
F. gnomologie.] A collection of, or a treatise on, maxims, grave
sentences, or reflections. [Obs.] Milton.

Gno"mon (?), n. [L. gnomon, Gr. &?; one that knows, the index of a
sundial. See Gnome.]

1. (Dialing) The style or pin, which by its shadow, shows the hour of
the day. It is usually set parallel to the earth's axis.

2. (Astron.) A style or column erected perpendicularly to the horizon,
formerly used in astronomocal observations. Its principal use was to
find the altitude of the sun by measuring the length of its shadow.

3. (Geom.) The space included between the boundary lines of two similar
parallelograms, the one within the other, with an angle in common; as,
the gnomon bcdefg of the parallelograms ac and af. The parallelogram bf
is the complement of the parallelogram df.

4. The index of the hour circle of a globe.

{ Gno*mon"ic (?), Gno*mon"ic*al (?), } a. [L. gnomonicus, Gr. &?;: cf.
F. gnomonique. See Gnomon.] Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or the art
of dialing.

Gnomonic projection, a projection of the circles of the sphere, in
which the point of sight is taken at the center of the sphere, and the
principal plane is tangent to the surface of the sphere. "The gnomonic
projection derives its name from the connection between the methods of
describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon or dial." Cyc.
of Arts & Sciences.

Gno*mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. According to the principles of the gnomonic
projection.

Gno*mon"ics (?), n. [See Gnomonic.] The art or science of dialing, or
of constructing dials to show the hour of the day by the shadow of a
gnomon.

Gno"mon*ist (?), n. One skilled in gnomonics. Boyle.

Gno`mon*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gnomon + -logy. Cf. Gnomonology.] A treatise
on gnomonics.

Gnos"co*pine (?), n. [Gr. gignw`skein to know + E. opium?] (Chem.) An
alkaloid existing in small quantities in opium.

||Gno"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gnw^sis.] (Metaph.) The deeper wisdom;
||knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was claimed by the Gnostics.

Gnos"tic (?), a. 1. Knowing; wise; shrewd. [Old Slang]

    I said you were a gnostic fellow.


Sir W. Scott.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) Of or pertaining to Gnosticism or its adherents; as,
the Gnostic heresy.

Gnos"tic, n. [L. gnosticus, Gr. &?; good at knowing, sagacious; as a
n., man that claims to have a deeper wisdom, fr. gignw`skein to know:
cf. F. gnostique. See Know.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the so-called
philosophers in the first ages of Christianity, who claimed a true
philosophical interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system
combined Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of
Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible, intellectual,
and material, are derived from the Deity by successive emanations,
which they called Eons.

Gnos"ti*cism (?), n. The system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.

Gnow (?), obs. imp. of Gnaw. Gnawed. Chaucer.

Gnu (?), n. [Hottentot gnu, or nju: cf. F. gnou.] (Zoˆl.) One of two
species of large South African antelopes of the genus Catoblephas,
having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes. [Written
also gnoo.]

The common gnu or wildebeest (Catoblephas gnu) is plain brown; the
brindled gnu or blue wildebeest (C. gorgon) is larger, with transverse
stripes of black on the neck and shoulders.

Go (g), obs. p. p. of Go. Gone. Chaucer.

Go, v. i. [imp. Went (wnt); p. p. Gone (gn; 115); p. pr. & vb. n.
Going. Went comes from the AS, wendan. See Wend, v. i.] [OE. gan, gon,
AS. gn, akin to D. gaan, G. gehn, gehen, OHG. gn, gn, SW. gÂ, Dan.
gaae; cf. Gr. kicha`nai to reach, overtake, Skr. h to go, AS. gangan,
and E. gang. The past tense in AS., eode, is from the root i to go, as
is also Goth. iddja went. &radic;47a. Cf. Gang, v. i., Wend.] 1. To
pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a state not
motionless or at rest; to proceed; to advance; to make progress; --
used, in various applications, of the movement of both animate and
inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the movements of the
mind; also figuratively applied.

2. To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to walk step
by step, or leisurely.

In old writers go is much used as opposed to run, or ride. "Whereso I
go or ride." Chaucer.

    You know that love Will creep in service where it can not go.


Shak.

    Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that going will
    scarce serve the turn.


Shak.

    He fell from running to going, and from going to clambering upon
    his hands and his knees.


Bunyan.

In Chaucer go is used frequently with the pronoun in the objective used
reflexively; as, he goeth him home.

3. To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to circulate; hence,
with for, to have currency; to be taken, accepted, or regarded.

    The man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul.


1 Sa. xvii. 12.

    [The money] should go according to its true value.


Locke.

4. To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move on or be
carried on; to have course; to come to an issue or result; to succeed;
to turn out.

    How goes the night, boy ?


Shak.

    I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of man enough.


Arbuthnot.

    Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you must pay me the
    reward.


I Watts.

5. To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or product; to
tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail; to apply; to
contribute; -- often with the infinitive; as, this goes to show.

    Against right reason all your counsels go.


Dryden.

    To master the foul flend there goeth some complement knowledge of
    theology.


Sir W. Scott.

6. To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake.

    Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he
    went not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood.


Sir P. Sidney.

Go, in this sense, is often used in the present participle with the
auxiliary verb to be, before an infinitive, to express a future of
intention, or to denote design; as, I was going to say; I am going to
begin harvest.

<! p. 635 !>

7. To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in mind or by an act of
the memory or imagination; -- generally with over or through.

    By going over all these particulars, you may receive some tolerable
    satisfaction about this great subject.


South.

8. To be with young; to be pregnant; to gestate.

    The fruit she goes with, I pray for heartily, that it may find Good
    time, and live.


Shak.

9. To move from the person speaking, or from the point whence the
action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave; to depart; -- in
opposition to stay and come.

    I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God; . .
    . only ye shall not go very far away.


Ex. viii. 28.

10. To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or ruined; to perish;
to decline; to decease; to die.

    By Saint George, he's gone! That spear wound hath our master sped.


Sir W. Scott.

11. To reach; to extend; to lead; as, a line goes across the street;
his land goes to the river; this road goes to New York.

    His amorous expressions go no further than virtue may allow.


Dryden.

12. To have recourse; to resort; as, to go to law.

Go is used, in combination with many prepositions and adverbs, to
denote motion of the kind indicated by the preposition or adverb, in
which, and not in the verb, lies the principal force of the expression;
as, to go against to go into, to go out, to go aside, to go astray,
etc.

Go to, come; move; go away; -- a phrase of exclamation, serious or
ironical. -- To go a- begging, not to be in demand; to be undesired. --
To go about. (a) To set about; to enter upon a scheme of action; to
undertake. "They went about to slay him." Acts ix. 29.

    They never go about . . . to hide or palliate their vices.


Swift.

(b) (Naut.) To tack; to turn the head of a ship; to wear. -- To go
abraod. (a) To go to a foreign country. (b) To go out of doors. (c) To
become public; to be published or disclosed; to be current.

    Then went this saying abroad among the brethren.


John xxi. 23.

-- To go against. (a) To march against; to attack. (b) To be in
opposition to; to be disagreeable to. -- To go ahead. (a) To go in
advance. (b) To go on; to make progress; to proceed. -- To go and come.
See To come and go, under Come. -- To go aside. (a) To withdraw; to
retire.

    He . . . went aside privately into a desert place.


Luke. ix. 10.

(b) To go from what is right; to err. Num. v. 29.-- To go back on. (a)
To retrace (one's path or footsteps). (b) To abandon; to turn against;
to betray. [Slang, U. S.] -- To go below (Naut), to go below deck. --
To go between, to interpose or mediate between; to be a secret agent
between parties; in a bad sense, to pander. -- To go beyond. See under
Beyond. -- To go by, to pass away unnoticed; to omit. -- To go by the
board (Naut.), to fall or be carried overboard; as, the mast went by
the board. -- To go down. (a) To descend. (b) To go below the horizon;
as, the sun has gone down. (c) To sink; to founder; -- said of ships,
etc. (d) To be swallowed; -- used literally or figuratively. [Colloq.]

    Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it goes down whole with him for
    truth.


L' Estrange.

-- To go far. (a) To go to a distance. (b) To have much weight or
influence. -- To go for. (a) To go in quest of. (b) To represent; to
pass for. (c) To favor; to advocate. (d) To attack; to assault. [Low]
(e) To sell for; to be parted with for (a price). -- To go for nothing,
to be parted with for no compensation or result; to have no value,
efficacy, or influence; to count for nothing. -- To go forth. (a) To
depart from a place. (b) To be divulged or made generally known; to
emanate.

    The law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord from
    Jerusalem.


Micah iv. 2.

-- To go hard with, to trouble, pain, or endanger. -- To go in, to
engage in; to take part. [Colloq.] -- To go in and out, to do the
business of life; to live; to have free access. John x. 9. -- To go in
for. [Colloq.] (a) To go for; to favor or advocate (a candidate, a
measure, etc.). (b) To seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor,
preferment, etc.) (c) To complete for (a reward, election, etc.). (d)
To make the object of one's labors, studies, etc.

    He was as ready to go in for statistics as for anything else.


Dickens.

-- To go in to or unto. (a) To enter the presence of. Esther iv. 16.
(b) To have sexual intercourse with. [Script.] -- To go into. (a) To
speak of, investigate, or discuss (a question, subject, etc.). (b) To
participate in (a war, a business, etc.). -- To go large. (Naut) See
under Large. -- To go off. (a) To go away; to depart.

    The leaders . . . will not go off until they hear you.


Shak.

(b) To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness went off. (c) To die.
Shak. (d) To explode or be discharged; -- said of gunpowder, of a gun,
a mine, etc. (e) To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of. (f) To
pass off; to take place; to be accomplished.

    The wedding went off much as such affairs do.


Mrs. Caskell.

-- To go on. (a) To proceed; to advance further; to continue; as, to go
on reading. (b) To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat will
not go on. -- To go all fours, to correspond exactly, point for point.

    It is not easy to make a simile go on all fours.


Macaulay.

-- To go out. (a) To issue forth from a place. (b) To go abroad; to
make an excursion or expedition.

    There are other men fitter to go out than I.


Shak.

    What went ye out for to see ?


Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9.

(c) To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad, as news, fame etc.
(d) To expire; to die; to cease; to come to an end; as, the light has
gone out.

    Life itself goes out at thy displeasure.


Addison.

-- To go over. (a) To traverse; to cross, as a river, boundary, etc.;
to change sides.

    I must not go over Jordan.


Deut. iv. 22.

    Let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan.


Deut. iii. 25.

    Ishmael . . . departed to go over to the Ammonites.


Jer. xli. 10.

(b) To read, or study; to examine; to review; as, to go over one's
accounts.

    If we go over the laws of Christianity, we shall find that . . .
    they enjoin the same thing.


Tillotson.

(c) To transcend; to surpass. (d) To be postponed; as, the bill went
over for the session. (e) (Chem.) To be converted (into a specified
substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur goes over into
orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose goes over into dextrose and
levulose. -- To go through. (a) To accomplish; as, to go through a
work. (b) To suffer; to endure to the end; as, to go through a surgical
operation or a tedious illness. (c) To spend completely; to exhaust, as
a fortune. (d) To strip or despoil (one) of his property. [Slang] (e)
To botch or bungle a business. [Scot.] -- To go through with, to
perform, as a calculation, to the end; to complete. -- To go to ground.
(a) To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted fox. (b) To fall in
battle. -- To go to naught (Colloq.), to prove abortive, or
unavailling. -- To go under. (a) To set; -- said of the sun. (b) To be
known or recognized by (a name, title, etc.). (c) To be overwhelmed,
submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb. -- To go up, to come to
nothing; to prove abortive; to fail. [Slang] -- To go upon, to act
upon, as a foundation or hypothesis. -- To go with. (a) To accompany.
(b) To coincide or agree with. (c) To suit; to harmonize with. -- To go
(well, ill, or hard) with, to affect (one) in such manner. -- To go
without, to be, or to remain, destitute of. -- To go wrong. (a) To take
a wrong road or direction; to wander or stray. (b) To depart from
virtue. (c) To happen unfortunately. (d) To miss success. -- To let go,
to allow to depart; to quit one's hold; to release.

Go (?), v. t. 1. To take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or
become responsible for; to bear a part in.

    They to go equal shares in the booty.


L'Estrange.

2. To bet or wager; as, I'll go you a shilling. [Colloq.]

To go halves, to share with another equally. -- To go it, to behave in
a wild manner; to be uproarious; to carry on; also, to proceed; to make
progress. [Colloq.] -- To go it alone (Card Playing), to play a hand
without the assistance of one's partner. -- To go it blind. (a) To act
in a rash, reckless, or headlong manner. [Slang] (b) (Card Playing) To
bet without having examined the cards. -- To go one's way, to set
forth; to depart.

Go, n. 1. Act; working; operation. [Obs.]

    So gracious were the goes of marriage.


Marston.

2. A circumstance or occurrence; an incident. [Slang]

    This is a pretty go.


Dickens.

3. The fashion or mode; as, quite the go. [Colloq.]

4. Noisy merriment; as, a high go. [Colloq.]

5. A glass of spirits. [Slang]

6. Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance; push; as,
there is no go in him. [Colloq.]

7. (Cribbage) That condition in the course of the game when a player
can not lay down a card which will not carry the aggregate count above
thirty-one.

Great go, Little go, the final and the preliminary examinations for a
degree. [Slang, Eng. Univ.] -- No go, a failure; a fiasco. [Slang]
Thackeray. -- On the go, moving about; unsettled. [Colloq.]

Go"a (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A species of antelope (Procapra picticauda),
inhabiting Thibet.

Goad (?), n. [AS. gd; perh. akin to AS. gr a dart, and E. gore. See
Gore, v. t.] A pointed instrument used to urge on a beast; hence, any
necessity that urges or stimulates.

    The daily goad urging him to the daily toil.


Macaulay.

Goad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Goading.] To prick;
to drive with a goad; hence, to urge forward, or to rouse by anything
pungent, severe, irritating, or inflaming; to stimulate.

    That temptation that doth goad us on.


Shak.

Syn. -- To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate; incite;
instigate.

Goaf (?); n.; pl. Goafs (#) or Goaves (#). [Cf. lst Gob.] (Mining) That
part of a mine from which the mineral has been partially or wholly
removed; the waste left in old workings; -- called also gob .

To work the goaf or gob, to remove the pillars of mineral matter
previously left to support the roof, and replace them with props. Ure.

Goal (?), n. [F. gaule pole, Prov. F. waule, of German origin; cf.
Fries. walu staff, stick, rod, Goth. walus, Icel. vˆlr a round stick;
prob. akin to E. wale.]

1. The mark set to bound a race, and to or around which the
constestants run, or from which they start to return to it again; the
place at which a race or a journey is to end.

    Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal With rapid wheels.


Milton.

2. The final purpose or aim; the end to which a design tends, or which
a person aims to reach or attain.

    Each individual seeks a several goal.


Pope.

3. A base, station, or bound used in various games; in football, a line
between two posts across which the ball must pass in order to score;
also, the act of kicking the ball over the line between the goal posts.

Goal keeper, the player charged with the defense of the goal.

Go"a pow"der (?). [So called from Goa, on the Malabar coast, whither it
was shipped from Portugal.] A bitter powder (also called araroba) found
in the interspaces of the wood of a Brazilian tree (Andira araroba) and
used as a medicine. It is the material from which chrysarobin is
obtained.

Goar (?), n. Same as lst Gore.

Goar"ish, a. Patched; mean. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Goat (gt), n. [OE goot, got, gat, AS. gt; akin to D. geit, OHG. geiz,
G. geiss, Icel. geit, Sw. get, Dan. ged, Goth. gaits, L. haedus a young
goat, kid.] (Zoˆl.) A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus Capra, of
several species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (C. hircus),
which is raised for its milk, flesh, and skin.

The Cashmere and Angora varieties of the goat have long, silky hair,
used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The wild or bezoar goat
(Capra Êgagrus), of Asia Minor, noted for the bezoar stones found in
its stomach, is supposed to be one of the ancestral species of the
domestic goat. The Rocky Mountain goat (Haplocercus montanus) is more
nearly related to the antelopes. See Mazame.

Goat antelope (Zoˆl), one of several species of antelopes, which in
some respects resemble a goat, having recurved horns, a stout body,
large hoofs, and a short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and
chikara. -- Goat fig (Bot.), the wild fig. -- Goat house. (a) A place
for keeping goats. (b) A brothel. [Obs.] -- Goat moth (Zoˆl.), any moth
of the genus Cossus, esp. the large European species (C. ligniperda),
the larva of which burrows in oak and willow trees, and requires three
years to mature. It exhales an odor like that of the he-goat. -- Goat
weed (Bot.), a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus Capraria (C.
biflora). -- Goat's bane (Bot.), a poisonous plant (Aconitum
Lucoctonum), bearing pale yellow flowers, introduced from Switzerland
into England; wolfsbane. -- Goat's beard (Bot.), a plant of the genus
Tragopogon; -- so named from the long silky beard of the seeds. One
species is the salsify or oyster plant. -- Goat's foot (Bot.), a kind
of wood sorrel (Oxalis caprina) growing at the Cape of Good Hope. --
Goat's rue (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Galega officinalis of Europe, or
Tephrosia Virginiana in the United States). -- Goat's thorn (Bot.), a
thorny leguminous plant (Astragalus Tragacanthus), found in the Levant.
-- Goat's wheat (Bot.), the genus Tragopyrum (now referred to
Atraphaxis).

Goat`ee" (?), n. A part of a man's beard on the chin or lower lip which
is allowed to grow, and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a goat.

Goat"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A fish of the genus Upeneus, inhabiting the
Gulf of Mexico. It is allied to the surmullet.

Goat"herd` (?), n. One who tends goats. Spenser.

Goat"ish, a. Characteristic of a goat; goatlike.

    Give your chaste body up to the embraces Of goatish lust.


Massinger.

-- Goat"ish*ly, adv. -- Goat"ish*ness, n.

Goat"like` (?), a. Like a goat; goatish.

Goat"skin` (?), n. The skin of a goat, or leather made from it. -- a.
Made of the skin of a goat.

Goat"suck`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of insectivorous
birds, belonging to Caprimulgus and allied genera, esp. the European
species (Caprimulgus EuropÊus); -- so called from the mistaken notion
that it sucks goats. The European species is also goat-milker, goat
owl, goat chaffer, fern owl, night hawk, nightjar, night churr,
churr-owl, gnat hawk, and dorhawk.

Goaves (gvz), n. pl. [See Goaf, n.] (Mining) Old workings. See Goaf.
Raymond.

Gob (gb), n. [Cf. Goaf.] (Mining) Same as Goaf.

Gob, n. [OF. gob morsel; cf. F. gobe, gobbe, a poisoned morsel, poison
ball, gobet a piece swallowed, gober to swallow greedily and without
tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir. gob mouth, snout, W. gwp a bird's head and
neck. Cf. Gobble, Job, n.] 1. A little mass or collection; a small
quantity; a mouthful. [Low] L'Estrange.

2. The mouth. [Prov. Eng.or Low] Wright.

Gob"bet (?), n. [OE. & F. gobet. See 2d Gob.] A mouthful; a lump; a
small piece. Spenser.

    [He] had broken the stocks to small gobbets.


Wyclif.

Gob"bet, v. t. To swallow greedily; to swallow in gobbets. [Low]
L'Estrange.

Gob"bet*ly, adv. In pieces. [Obs.] Huloet.

Gob"bing (?), n. [See lst Gob.] (Mining) (a) The refuse thrown back
into the excavation after removing the coal. It is called also gob
stuff. Brande & C.

(b) The process of packing with waste rock; stowing.

Gob"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gobbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gobbling
(?).] [Freq. of 2d gob.]

1. To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to gulp.

    Supper gobbled up in haste.


Swift.

2. To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock.

    He . . . gobbles out a note of self- approbation.


Goldsmith.

To gobble up, to capture in a mass or in masses; to capture suddenly.
[Slang]

Gob"ble, v. i. 1. To eat greedily.

2. To make a noise like that of a turkey cock. Prior.

Gob"ble, n. A noise made in the throat.

    Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant gobble.


Mrs. Gore.

Gob"bler (?), n. A turkey cock; a bubbling Jock.

Gob"e*lin (?), a. Pertaining to tapestry produced in the so-called
Gobelin works, which have been maintained by the French Government
since 1667.

||Gobe`mouche" (?), n. [F.] Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who
||keeps his mouth open; a boor; a silly and credulous person.

Gob"et (?), n. See Gobbet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Go"-be*tween` (?), n. An intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; --
usually in a disparaging sense. Shak.

Go"bi*oid (?), a. [NL. Gobius + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like, or pertaining to,
the goby, or the genus Gobius. -- n. A gobioid fish.

Gob"let (?), n. [F. gobelet, LL. gobeletus, gobellus; cf. L. cupa tub,
cask. See Cupel.] A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or
standard, but without a handle.

    We love not loaded boards and goblets crowned.


Denham.

Gob"lin (?), n. [OE. gobelin, F. gobelin, LL. gobelinus, fr. Gr. &?;
knave, a mischievous goblin; or cf. G. kobold, E. kobold, cobalt,
Armor. gobilin an ignis fatuus, goblin.] An evil or mischievous spirit;
a playful or malicious elf; a frightful phantom; a gnome.

    To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied.


Milton.

<! p. 636 !>

Gob"line` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the ropes or chains serving as stays
for the dolphin striker or the bowsprit; -- called also gobrope and
gaubline.

Gob"lin*ize (?), v. t. To transform into a goblin. [R.] Lowell.

Go"by (?), n.; pl. Gobies (#). [F. gobie, L. gobius, gobio, Gr. &?; Cf.
Gudgeon.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species of small marine fishes of the
genus Gobius and allied genera.

Go"-by` (?), n. A passing without notice; intentional neglect;
thrusting away; a shifting off; adieu; as, to give a proposal the
go-by.

    Some songs to which we have given the go- by.


Prof. Wilson.

Go"cart` (?), n. A framework moving on casters, designed to support
children while learning to walk.

God (?), a. & n. Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.

God (gd), n. [AS. god; akin to OS. & D. god, OHG. got, G. gott, Icel.
gu, go, Sw. & Dan. gud, Goth. gup, prob. orig. a p. p. from a root
appearing in Skr. h, p. p. hta, to call upon, invoke, implore.
&radic;30. Cf. Goodbye, Gospel, Gossip.] 1. A being conceived of as
possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by sacrifice,
worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of worship; an idol.

    He maketh a god, and worshipeth it.


Is. xliv. 15.

    The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down To bestial gods.


Milton.

2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator, and
the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah.

    God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in
    spirit and in truth.


John iv. 24.

3. A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object
of supreme regard.

    Whose god is their belly.


Phil. iii. 19.

4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power. [R.]
Shak.

Act of God. (Law) See under Act. -- Gallery gods, the occupants of the
highest and cheapest gallery of a theater. [Colloq.] -- God's acre,
God's field, a burial place; a churchyard. See under Acre. -- God's
house. (a) An almshouse. [Obs.] (b) A church. -- God's penny, earnest
penny. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- God's Sunday, Easter.

God, v. t. To treat as a god; to idolize. [Obs.] Shak.

God"child` (?), n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism,
and whom he promises to see educated as a Christian; a godson or
goddaughter. See Godfather.

God"daugh`ter (?), n. [AS. goddohtor.] A female for whom one becomes
sponsor at baptism.

God"dess (?), n. 1. A female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female
sex.

    When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of
    goddesses, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and
    superior beauty.


Addison.

2. A woman of superior charms or excellence.

Gode (?), a. & n. Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gode"lich (?), a. Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

God"fa`ther (?), n. [AS. godfÊder. Cf. Gossip.] A man who becomes
sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a surety for its
Christian training and instruction.

    There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can
    be had, two Godfathers and one Godmother; and for every Female, one
    Godfather and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as
    Sponsors, if it is desired.


Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch., U. S. ).

God"fa`ther, v. t. To act as godfather to; to take under one's
fostering care. [R.] Burke.

God"-fear`ing (?), a. Having a reverential and loving feeling towards
God; religious.

    A brave god-fearing man.


Tennyson.

God"head (?), n. [OE. godhed. See -head, and cf. Godhood.] 1. Godship;
deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood.

2. The Deity; God; the Supreme Being.

    The imperial throne Of Godhead, fixed for ever.


Milton.

3. A god or goddess; a divinity. [Obs.]

    Adoring first the genius of the place, The nymphs and native
    godheads yet unknown.


Dryden.

God"hood (?), n. [God + - hood. Cf. Godhead.] Divine nature or essence;
deity; godhead.

God"ild (?). A corruption of God yield, i. e., God reward or bless.
Shak.

God"less, a. Having, or acknowledging, no God; without reverence for
God; impious; wicked. -- God"less*ly, adv. -- God"less*ness, n.

God"like` (?), a. [God + like. Cf. Godly.] Resembling or befitting a
god or God; divine; hence, preeminently good; as, godlike virtue. --
God"like`ness, n.

God"li*ly (?), adv. Righteously. H. Wharton.

God"li*ness, n. [From Godly.] Careful observance of, or conformity to,
the laws of God; the state or quality of being godly; piety.

    Godliness is profitable unto all things.


1 Tim. iv. 8.

God"ling (?), n. A diminutive god. Dryden.

God"ly, a. [God, n. + -ly. Cf. Godlike, Like.] Pious; reverencing God,
and his character and laws; obedient to the commands of God from love
for, and reverence of, his character; conformed to God's law; devout;
righteous; as, a godly life.

    For godly sorrow worketh repentance.


2 Cor. vii. 10.

God"ly (?), adv. Piously; devoutly; righteously.

    All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.


2. Tim. iii. 12.

God"ly*head (?), n. [Cf. Goodlyhead.] Goodness. [Obs.] Spenser.

God"moth`er (?), n. [AS. godm&?;dor.] A woman who becomes sponsor for a
child in baptism. See Godfather

Go*down" (?), n. [Corruption of Malay gdong warehouse.] A warehouse.
[East Indies]

Go*droon" (?), n. [F. godron a round plait, godroon.] (Arch.) An
ornament produced by notching or carving a rounded molding.

God"send` (?), n. Something sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or
piece of good fortune.

God"ship, n. [God, n. + - ship.] The rank or character of a god; deity;
divinity; a god or goddess.

    O'er hills and dales their godships came.


Prior.

God"sib (?), n. A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer.

God"son` (?), n. [AS. godsunu.] A male for whom one has stood sponsor
in baptism. See Godfather.

God"speed` (?), n. Success; prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of
the phrase, "God speed you." [Written also as two separate words.]

    Receive him not into house, neither bid him God speed.


2 John 10.

God"ward (?), adv. Toward God. 2 Cor. iii. 4.

God"wit (?), n. [Prob. from AS. g&?;d good + wiht creature, wight.]
(Zoˆl.) One of several species of long-billed, wading birds of the
genus Limosa, and family TringidÊ. The European black- tailed godwit
(Limosa limosa), the American marbled godwit (L. fedoa), the Hudsonian
godwit (L. hÊmastica), and others, are valued as game birds. Called
also godwin.

Go"el (g"l), a. [Cf. Yellow. &radic;49.] Yellow. [Obs.] Tusser.

||Go`Î`land" (?), n. [F. goÎland.] (Zoˆl.) A white tropical tern (Cygis
||candida).

||Go`Î`min" (?), n. [F. goÎmon seaweed.] A complex mixture of several
||substances extracted from Irish moss.

Go"en (?), p. p. of Go. [Obs.]

Go"er (?), n. [From Go.] One who, or that which, goes; a runner or
walker; as: (a) A foot. [Obs.] Chapman. (b) A horse, considered in
reference to his gait; as, a good goer; a safe goer.

    This antechamber has been filled with comers and goers.


Macaulay.

Go"e*ty (?), n. [Gr. &?; witchcraft, from &?; to bewitch, &?; sorcerer:
cf. F. goÈtie.] Invocation of evil spirits; witchcraft. [Obs.]
Hallywell.

Goff (?), n. [Cf. F. goffe ill- made, awkward, It. goffo, Sp. gofo,
Prov. G. goff a blockhead, Gr. &?; stupid.] A silly clown. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

Goff, n. A game. See Golf. [Scot.] Halliwell.

Gof"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goffered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Goffering.] [See Gauffer.] To plait, flute, or crimp. See Gauffer.
Clarke.

Gog (?), n. [Cf. agog, F. gogue sprightliness, also W. gogi to agitate,
shake.] Haste; ardent desire to go. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Gog"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Goggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goggling
(?).] [Cf. Ir. & Gael. gog a nod, slight motion.] To roll the eyes; to
stare.

    And wink and goggle like an owl.


Hudibras.

Gog"gle, a. Full and rolling, or staring; -- said of the eyes.

    The long, sallow vissage, the goggle eyes.


Sir W. Scott.

Gog"gle, n. [See Goggle, v. i.]

1. A strained or affected rolling of the eye.

2. pl. (a) A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in
the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes
from cold, dust, etc. (b) Colored glasses for relief from intense
light. (c) A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward,
and cure squinting. (d) Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or
without a slit for seeing through.

Gog"gled (?), a. Prominent; staring, as the eye.

Gog"gle-eye` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of two or more species of American
fresh-water fishes of the family CentrarchidÊ, esp. ChÊnobryttus
antistius, of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters, and Ambloplites
rupestris, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley; -- so called from
their prominent eyes. (b) The goggler.

Gog"gle-eyed` (?), a. Having prominent and distorted or rolling eyes.
Ascham.

Gog"gler (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A carangoid oceanic fish (Trachurops
crumenophthalmus), having very large and prominent eyes; -- called also
goggle- eye, big-eyed scad, and cicharra.

Gog"let (?), n. [Pg. gorgoleta.] See Gurglet.

Go"ing (?), n. 1. The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the
going is bad.

2. Departure. Milton.

3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing. Crew.

4. pl. Course of life; behavior; doings; ways.

    His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings.


Job xxxiv. 21.

Going barrel. (Horology) (a) A barrel containing the mainspring, and
having teeth on its periphery to drive the train. (b) A device for
maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is being
wound up. -- Going forth. (Script.) (a) Outlet; way of exit. "Every
going forth of the sanctuary." Ezek. xliv. 5. (b) A limit; a border.
"The going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea."
Num. xxxiv. 4. -- Going out, or Goings out. (Script.) (a) The utmost
extremity or limit. "The border shall go down to Jordan, and the goings
out of it shall be at the salt sea." Num. xxxiv. 12. (b) Departure or
journeying. "And Moses wrote their goings out according to their
journeys." Num. xxxiii. 2. -- Goings on, behavior; actions; conduct; --
usually in a bad sense.

{ Goi"ter Goi"tre } (?), n. [F. goÓtre, L. guttur throat, cf. tumidum
guttur goiter, gutturosus goitered. See Guttural.] (Med.) An
enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of the neck;
bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism, and is most
common in mountainous regions, especially in certain parts of
Switzerland.

{ Goi"tered, Goi"tred } (?), a. Affected with goiter.

Goi"trous (?), a. [F. goÓtreux, L. gutturosus. See Goiter.] Pertaining
to the goiter; affected with the goiter; of the nature of goiter or
bronchocele.

    Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants in
    general are either goitrous or idiots.


W. Coxe.

{ Gold (gld), Golde, Goolde (gld), } n. (Bot.) An old English name of
some yellow flower, -- the marigold (Calendula), according to Dr.
Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.

Gold (gld), n. [AS. gold; akin to D. goud, OS. & G. gold, Icel. gull,
Sw. & Dan. guld, Goth. gul˛, Russ. & OSlav. zlato; prob. akin to E.
yellow. &radic;49, 234. See Yellow, and cf. Gild, v. t.]

1. (Chem.) A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal
used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic
yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity
19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite
unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore
well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au (Aurum). Atomic
weight 196.7.

Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of silver, but often
much more. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter
and the specific gravity lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in
the sands of many rivers, but in very small quantity. It usually occurs
in quartz veins (gold quartz), in slate and metamorphic rocks, or in
sand and alluvial soil, resulting from the disintegration of such
rocks. It also occurs associated with other metallic substances, as in
auriferous pyrites, and is combined with tellurium in the minerals
petzite, calaverite, sylvanite, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary
use, and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the latter
giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See Carat.] Gold also finds use
in gold foil, in the pigment purple of Cassius, and in the chloride,
which is used as a toning agent in photography.

2. Money; riches; wealth.

    For me, the gold of France did not seduce.


Shak.

3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower tipped with
gold.

4. Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of gold. Shak.

Age of gold. See Golden age, under Golden. -- Dutch gold, Fool's gold,
Gold dust, etc. See under Dutch, Dust, etc. -- Gold amalgam, a mineral,
found in Columbia and California, composed of gold and mercury. -- Gold
beater, one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf. -- Gold
beater's skin, the prepared outside membrane of the large intestine of
the ox, used for separating the leaves of metal during the process of
gold-beating. -- Gold beetle (Zoˆl.), any small gold-colored beetle of
the family ChrysomelidÊ; -- called also golden beetle. -- Gold
blocking, printing with gold leaf, as upon a book cover, by means of an
engraved block. Knight. -- Gold cloth. See Cloth of gold, under Cloth.
-- Gold Coast, a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa. -- Gold
cradle. (Mining) See Cradle, n., 7. -- Gold diggings, the places, or
region, where gold is found by digging in sand and gravel from which it
is separated by washing. -- Gold end, a fragment of broken gold or
jewelry. -- Gold-end man. (a) A buyer of old gold or jewelry. (b) A
goldsmith's apprentice. (c) An itinerant jeweler. "I know him not: he
looks like a gold-end man." B. Jonson. -- Gold fever, a popular mania
for gold hunting. -- Gold field, a region in which are deposits of
gold. -- Gold finder. (a) One who finds gold. (b) One who empties
privies. [Obs. & Low] Swift. -- Gold flower, a composite plant with dry
and persistent yellow radiating involucral scales, the Helichrysum
Stúchas of Southern Europe. There are many South African species of the
same genus. -- Gold foil, thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and
others. See Gold leaf. -- Gold knobs or knoppes (Bot.), buttercups. --
Gold lace, a kind of lace, made of gold thread. -- Gold latten, a thin
plate of gold or gilded metal. -- Gold leaf, gold beaten into a film of
extreme thinness, and used for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than
gold foil. -- Gold lode (Mining), a gold vein. -- Gold mine, a place
where gold is obtained by mining operations, as distinguished from
diggings, where it is extracted by washing. Cf. Gold diggings (above).
-- Gold nugget, a lump of gold as found in gold mining or digging; --
called also a pepito. -- Gold paint. See Gold shell. -- Gold or Golden,
pheasant. (Zoˆl.) See under Pheasant. -- Gold plate, a general name for
vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of gold. -- Gold of pleasure.
[Name perhaps translated from Sp. oro-de-alegria.] (Bot.) A plant of
the genus Camelina, bearing yellow flowers. C. sativa is sometimes
cultivated for the oil of its seeds. -- Gold shell. (a) A composition
of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up with gum water and spread on
shells, for artists' use; -- called also gold paint. (b) (Zoˆl.) A
bivalve shell (Anomia glabra) of the Atlantic coast; -- called also
jingle shell and silver shell. See Anomia. -- Gold size, a composition
used in applying gold leaf. -- Gold solder, a kind of solder, often
containing twelve parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper. --
Gold stick, the colonel of a regiment of English lifeguards, who
attends his sovereign on state occasions; -- so called from the gilt
rod presented to him by the sovereign when he receives his commission
as colonel of the regiment. [Eng.] -- Gold thread. (a) A thread formed
by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk, with a wheel and iron
bobbins; spun gold. Ure. (b) (Bot.) A small evergreen plant (Coptis
trifolia), so called from its fibrous yellow roots. It is common in
marshy places in the United States. -- Gold tissue, a tissue fabric
interwoven with gold thread. -- Gold tooling, the fixing of gold leaf
by a hot tool upon book covers, or the ornamental impression so made.
-- Gold washings, places where gold found in gravel is separated from
lighter material by washing. -- Gold worm, a glowworm. [Obs.] --
Jeweler's gold, an alloy containing three parts of gold to one of
copper. -- Mosaic gold. See under Mosaic.

<! p. 637 !>

Gold"-beat`en (?), a. Gilded. [Obs.]

Gold"-beat`ing (?), n. The art or process of reducing gold to extremely
thin leaves, by beating with a hammer. Ure.

Gold"-bound` (?), a. Encompassed with gold.

Gold"crest` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European golden-crested kinglet
(Regulus cristatus, or R. regulus); -- called also golden-crested wren,
and golden wren. The name is also sometimes applied to the American
golden-crested kinglet. See Kinglet.

Gold"cup` (?), n. (Bot.) The cuckoobud.

Gold"en (?), a. [OE. golden; cf. OE. gulden, AS. gylden, from gold. See
Gold, and cf. Guilder.]

1. Made of gold; consisting of gold.

2. Having the color of gold; as, the golden grain.

3. Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently auspicious; as,
golden opinions.

Golden age. (a) The fabulous age of primeval simplicity and purity of
manners in rural employments, followed by the silver, bronze, and iron
ages. Dryden. (b) (Roman Literature) The best part (B. C. 81 -- A. D.
14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when Cicero, CÊsar,
Virgil, etc., wrote. Hence: (c) That period in the history of a
literature, etc., when it flourishes in its greatest purity or attains
its greatest glory; as, the Elizabethan age has been considered the
golden age of English literature. -- Golden balls, three gilt balls
used as a sign of a pawnbroker's office or shop; -- originally taken
from the coat of arms of Lombardy, the first money lenders in London
having been Lombards. -- Golden bull. See under Bull, an edict. --
Golden chain (Bot.), the shrub Cytisus Laburnum, so named from its long
clusters of yellow blossoms. -- Golden club (Bot.), an aquatic plant
(Orontium aquaticum), bearing a thick spike of minute yellow flowers.
-- Golden cup (Bot.), the buttercup. -- Golden eagle (Zoˆl.), a large
and powerful eagle (Aquila ChrysaÎtos) inhabiting Europe, Asia, and
North America. It is so called from the brownish yellow tips of the
feathers on the head and neck. A dark variety is called the royal
eagle; the young in the second year is the ring-tailed eagle. -- Golden
fleece. (a) (Mythol.) The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken from
the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to Colchis, and in quest of
which Jason undertook the Argonautic expedition. (b) (Her.) An order of
knighthood instituted in 1429 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; - -
called also Toison d'Or. -- Golden grease, a bribe; a fee. [Slang] --
Golden hair (Bot.), a South African shrubby composite plant with golden
yellow flowers, the Chrysocoma Coma- aurea. -- Golden Horde (Hist.), a
tribe of Mongolian Tartars who overran and settled in Southern Russia
early in the 18th century. -- Golden Legend, a hagiology (the "Aurea
Legenda") written by James de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, in the
13th century, translated and printed by Caxton in 1483, and partially
paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus entitled. -- Golden marcasite
tin. [Obs.] -- Golden mean, the way of wisdom and safety between
extremes; sufficiency without excess; moderation.

    Angels guard him in the golden mean.


Pope.

-- Golden mole (Zoˆl), one of several South African Insectivora of the
family ChrysochloridÊ, resembling moles in form and habits. The fur is
tinted with green, purple, and gold. -- Golden number (Chronol.), a
number showing the year of the lunar or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned
from 1 to 19, and is so called from having formerly been written in the
calendar in gold. -- Golden oriole. (Zoˆl.) See Oriole. -- Golden
pheasant. See under Pheasant. -- Golden pippin, a kind of apple, of a
bright yellow color. -- Golden plover (Zoˆl.), one of several species
of plovers, of the genus Charadrius, esp. the European (C. apricarius,
or pluvialis; -- called also yellow, black-breasted, hill, &and;
whistling, plover. The common American species (C. dominicus) is also
called frostbird, and bullhead. -- Golden robin. (Zoˆl.) See Baltimore
oriole, in Vocab. -- Golden rose (R. C. Ch.), a gold or gilded rose
blessed by the pope on the fourth Sunday in Lent, and sent to some
church or person in recognition of special services rendered to the
Holy See. -- Golden rule. (a) The rule of doing as we would have others
do to us. Cf. Luke vi. 31. (b) The rule of proportion, or rule of
three. -- Golden samphire (Bot.), a composite plant (Inula
crithmoides), found on the seashore of Europe. -- Golden saxifrage
(Bot.), a low herb with yellow flowers (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium),
blossoming in wet places in early spring. - - Golden seal (Bot.), a
perennial ranunculaceous herb (Hydrastis Canadensis), with a thick
knotted rootstock and large rounded leaves. -- Golden sulphide, or
sulphuret, of antimony (Chem.), the pentasulphide of antimony, a golden
or orange yellow powder. -- Golden warbler (Zoˆl.), a common American
wood warbler (Dendroica Êstiva); -- called also blue-eyed yellow
warbler, garden warbler, and summer yellow bird. -- Golden wasp
(Zoˆl.), a bright- colored hymenopterous insect, of the family
ChrysididÊ. The colors are golden, blue, and green. -- Golden wedding.
See under Wedding.

Gold"en-eye` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A duck (Glaucionetta clangula), found in
Northern Europe, Asia, and America. The American variety (var.
Americana) is larger. Called whistler, garrot, gowdy, pied widgeon,
whiteside, curre, and doucker. Barrow's golden-eye of America (G.
Islandica) is less common.

God"en*ly, adv. In golden terms or a golden manner; splendidly;
delightfully. [Obs.] Shak.

Gold"en-rod` (?), n. (Bot.) A tall herb (Solidago Virga-aurea), bearing
yellow flowers in a graceful elongated cluster. The name is common to
all the species of the genus Solidago.

Golden-rod tree (Bot.), a shrub (Bosea Yervamora), a native of the
Canary Isles.

Gold"finch` (?), n. [AS. goldfinc. See Gold, and Finch.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A
beautiful bright- colored European finch (Carduelis elegans). The name
refers to the large patch of yellow on the wings. The front of the head
and throat are bright red; the nape, with part of the wings and tail,
black; -- called also goldspink, goldie, fool's coat, drawbird,
draw-water, thistle finch, and sweet William. (b) The yellow- hammer.
(c) A small American finch (Spinus tristis); the thistle bird.

The name is also applied to other yellow finches, esp. to several
additional American species of Spinus.

Gold"fin`ny (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of two or more species of European
labroid fishes (Crenilabrus melops, and Ctenolabrus rupestris); --
called also goldsinny, and goldney.

Gold"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A small domesticated cyprinoid fish
(Carassius auratus); -- so named from its color. It is a native of
China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1691. It is
often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or glass globes. Many
varieties are known. Called also golden fish, and golden carp. See
Telescope fish, under Telescope. (b) A California marine fish of an
orange or red color; the garibaldi.

Gold"-ham`mer (?), n. The yellow- hammer.

Gold"ie (?), n. [From Gold.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The European goldfinch. (b)
The yellow- hammer.

Gold"i*locks` (?), n. Same as Goldylocks.

{ Gold"in (?), Gold"ing (?), } n. (Bot.) [From the golden color of the
blossoms.] A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold
(Chrysanthemum segetum). [This word is variously corrupted into
gouland, gools, gowan, etc.]

Gold"less (?), a. Destitute of gold.

Gold"ney (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Gilthead.

Gold"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) Dog's-tail grass.

Gold"sin`ny (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Goldfinny.

Gold"smith` (?), n. [AS. goldsmi&?;. See Gold., and Smith.] 1. An
artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold.

2. A banker. [Obs.]

The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit because
they were prepared to keep it safely.

Goldsmith beetle (Zoˆl.), a large, bright yellow, American beetle
(Cotalpa lanigera), of the family ScarabÊidÊ

Gold"tit` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Verdin.

Gold"y*locks` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus
Chrysocoma; -- so called from the tufts of yellow flowers which
terminate the stems; also, the Ranunculus auricomus, a kind of
buttercup.

Go"let (?), n. The gullet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Go"let, n. (Zoˆl.) A California trout. See Malma.

Golf (?), n. [D. kolf club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an
inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. kolben club, but end,
Icel. k&?;lfr tongue of a bell. bolt, Sw. kolf bolt, dart, but end,
Dan. kolv bolt, arrow. Cf. Club, Globe.] A game played with a small
ball and a bat or club crooked at the lower end. He who drives the ball
into each of a series of small holes in the ground and brings it into
the last hole with the fewest strokes is the winner. [Scot.] Strutt.

Golf"er (?), n. One who plays golf. [Scot.]

Gol"go*tha (?), n. Calvary. See the Note under Calvary.

Gol"iard (gl"yrd), n. [From OF. goliart glutton, buffoon, riotous
student, Goliard, LL. goliardus, prob. fr. L. gula throat. Cf. Gules.]
A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who attended rich men's tables to make
sport for the guests by ribald stories and songs.

Gol"iard*er*y (?), n. The satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards.
Milman.

Go*li"ath bee"tle (?). [From Goliath, the Philistine giant.] (Zoˆl.)
Any species of Goliathus, a genus of very large and handsome African
beetles.

Goll (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hand, paw, or claw. [Obs.] Sir P.
Sidney. B. Jonson.

Go*loe"-shoe` (?), n. A galoche.

Go*lore" (?), n. See Galore.

Go*loshe" (?), n. See Galoche.

Golt"schut (?), n. 1. A small ingot of gold.

2. A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.

Gol"yard*eys (?), n. A buffoon. See Goliard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Go"man (?), n. [Prob. fr. good man; but cf. also AS. gumman a man, OHG.
gomman man, husband.] A husband; a master of a family. [Obs.]

{ Go"mar*ist (?), Go"mar*ite (?), } n. (Eccl.-Hist.) One of the
followers of Francis Gomar or Gomarus, a Dutch disciple of Calvin in
the 17th century, who strongly opposed the Arminians.

Gom"bo (?), n. See Gumbo.

Gome (?), n. [AS. guma; akin to Goth. guma, L. homo. See Bridegroom.] A
man. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Gome, n. [Cf. Icel. gormr ooze, mud.] The black grease on the axle of a
cart or wagon wheel; -- called also gorm. See Gorm. [Prov. Eng.]

Go"mer (?), n. A Hebrew measure. See Homer.

Go"mer, n. (Gun.) A conical chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy
ordnance, especially in mortars; -- named after the inventor.

Gom"me*lin (?), n. [F. gommeline, from gomme gum.] (Chem.) See Dextrin.

||Gom*phi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; toothache or gnashing of
||teeth, fr. &?; a grinder tooth, from &?; a bolt.] (Med.) A disease of
||the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall out of their sockets.

||Gom*pho"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, prop., a bolting together, fr.
||&?; to fasten with bolts or nails, &?; bolt, nail: cf. F. gomphose.]
||(Anat.) A form of union or immovable articulation where a hard part
||is received into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws.

Go*mu"ti (?), n. [Malayan gumuti.] A black, fibrous substance
resembling horsehair, obtained from the leafstalks of two kinds of
palms, Metroxylon Sagu, and Arenga saccharifera, of the Indian islands.
It is used for making cordage. Called also ejoo.

Gon (?), imp. & p. p. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gon"ad (?), n.; pl. Gonads (#). [Gr. &?; that which generates.] (Anat.)
One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes,
but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a
germ gland. Wiedersheim.

Go"na*kie (?), n. (Bot.) An African timber tree (Acacia Adansonii).

||Go`nan*gi"um (?), n.; pl. L. Gonangia (#), E. Gonangiums (#). [NL.,
||fr. Gr. &?; offspring + &?; vessel.] (Zoˆl.) See Gonotheca.

Gon"do*la (?), n. [It., dim. of gonda a gondola; cf. LL. gandeia a kind
of boat, Gr. &?; a drinking vessel; said to be a Persian word; cf. F.
gondole gondola, cup.]

1. A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in the canals
of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by one or two oarsmen who
stand facing the prow, or by poling. A gondola for passengers has a
small open cabin amidships, for their protection against the sun or
rain. A sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be
painted black, and they are customarily so painted now.

2. A flat-bottomed boat for freight. [U. S.]

3. A long platform car, either having no sides or with very low sides,
used on railroads. [U. S.]

Gon"do*let (?), n. [It. gondoletta, dim. of gondola.] A small gondola.
T. Moore.

Gon`do*lier" (?), n. [It. gondoliere: cf. F. gondolier.] A man who rows
a gondola.

Gone (?), p. p. of Go.

Gone"ness, n. A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as resulting
from hunger. [Colloq. U. S.]

{ Gon"fa*lon (?), Gon"fa*non (?), } n. [OE. gonfanoun, OF. gonfanon, F.
gonfalon, the same word as F. confalon, name of a religious
brotherhood, fr. OHG. gundfano war flag; gund war (used in comp., and
akin to AS. g) + fano cloth, flag; akin to E. vane; cf. AS. gfana.
See Vane, and cf. Confalon.] 1. The ensign or standard in use by
certain princes or states, such as the mediÊval republics of Italy, and
in more recent times by the pope.

2. A name popularly given to any flag which hangs from a crosspiece or
frame instead of from the staff or the mast itself.

    Standards and gonfalons, 'twixt van and rear, Stream in the air.


Milton.

<! p. 638 !>

Gon`fa*lon*ier" (?), n. [F. gonfalonier: cf. It. gonfaloniere.] He who
bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer; as: (a) An officer at Rome who
bears the standard of the Church. (b) The chief magistrate of any one
of several republics in mediÊveal Italy. (c) A Turkish general, and
standard keeper.

Gong (?), n. [AS. gong, gang, a going, passage, drain. See Gang.] A
privy or jakes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gong farmer, Gong man, a cleaner of privies. [Obs.]

Gong, n. 1. [Malayan (Jav.) gng.] An instrument, first used in the
East, made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a disk with
upturned rim, and producing, when struck, a harsh and resounding noise.

    O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong.


Longfellow.

2. (Mach.) A flat saucerlike bell, rung by striking it with a small
hammer which is connected with it by various mechanical devices; a
stationary bell, used to sound calls or alarms; -- called also gong
bell.

Gong metal, an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22 of tin), from which
Oriental gongs are made.

Go"ni*a*tite (?), n. [Gr. &?; angle.] (Paleon.) One of an extinct genus
of fossil cephalopods, allied to the Ammonites. The earliest forms are
found in the Devonian formation, the latest, in the Triassic.

Go*nid"i*al (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia.

Go*nid"i*al, a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the angles of the mouth;
as, a gonidial groove of an actinian.

||Go*nid"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; angle.] (Zool.) A
||special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth of many
||Anthozoa.

||Go*nid"i*um, n.; pl. Gonidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; that which
||generates.] (Bot.) A component cell of the yellowish green layer in
||certain lichens.

||Go*nim"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; productive, fr. &?; that
||which generates.] (Bot.) Bluish green granules which occur in certain
||lichens, as Collema, Peltigera, etc., and which replace the more
||usual gonidia.

Gon"i*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or
gonimia, as that part of a lichen which contains the green or
chlorophyll-bearing cells.

Go`ni*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; angle + -meter: cf. F. goniomËtre.] An
instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of crystals, or
the inclination of planes.

Contact, or Hand, goniometer, a goniometer having two movable arms (ab,
cd), between which (at ab) the faces of the crystals are placed. These
arms turn about a fixed point, which is the center of the graduated
circle or semicircle upon which the angle is read off. -- Reflecting
goniometer, an instrument for measuring the angles of crystals by
determining through what angular space the crystal must be turned so
that two rays reflected from two surfaces successively shall have the
same direction; -- called also Wollaston's goniometer, from the
inventor.

Go`ni*o*met"ric (?), Go`ni*o*met"ric*al (&?;), a. Pertaining to, or
determined by means of, a goniometer; trigonometric.

Go`ni*om"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. goniomÈtrie.] (Math.) The art of
measuring angles; trigonometry.

Gon`o*blas"tid (?), n. [See Gonoblastidium.] (Zoˆl.) A reproductive bud
of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.

||Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Gonoblastidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;
||offspring + &?; to bud.] (Zoˆl.) A blastostyle.

Gon`o*ca"lyx (?), n. [Gr. &?; offspring + E. calyx,] (Zoˆl.) The bell
of a sessile gonozooid.

Gon`o*cho"rism (?), n. [Gr. &?; offspring + &?; to separate.] (a)
Separation of the sexes in different individuals; -- opposed to
hermaphroditism. (b) In ontogony, differentiation of male and female
individuals from embryos having the same rudimentary sexual organs. (c)
In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species previously
hermaphrodite or sexless.

||Gon`o*coc"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; semen, the genitals + NL. &
||E. coccus.] (Med.) A vegetable microˆrganism of the genus
||Micrococcus, occurring in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed
||by some to constitute the cause of this disease.

Gon"oph (?), n. [Perh. fr. Heb. gannbh thief.] A pickpocket or thief.
[Eng. Slang] Dickens.

Gon"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?; offspring, seed + &?; to bear.] 1. (Zoˆl.)
A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid bud upon a hydroid, sometimes
becoming a free hydromedusa, sometimes remaining attached. See
Hydroidea, and Illusts. of Athecata, Campanularian, and Gonosome.

2. (Bot.) A lengthened receptacle, bearing the stamens and carpels in a
conspicuous manner.

{ Gon`or*rhe"a, Gon`or*rhú"a } (?), n. [L. gonorrhoea, Gr. &?;; &?;
that which begets, semen, the genitals + &?; to flow: cf. F.
gonorrhÈe.] (Med.) A contagious inflammatory disease of the
genitourinary tract, affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and
characterized by a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and
chordee; clap.

{ Gon`or*rhe"al, Gon`or*rhú"al } (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to
gonorrhea; as, gonorrheal rheumatism.

Gon"o*some (?), n. [Gr. &?; offspring + -some body.] (Zoˆl.) The
reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively.

||Gon`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Gonothec&?; (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;
||offspring + &?; box.] (Zoˆl.) A capsule developed on certain hydroids
||(Thecaphora), inclosing the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds
||or gonophores are developed; -- called also gonangium, and
||teleophore. See Hydroidea, and Illust. of Campanularian.

Gon`o*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. &?; offspring + E. zooid.] (Zoˆl.) A sexual
zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore. See Hydroidea, and
Illust. of Campanularian.

Go*nyd"i*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's beak.

||Go"nys (?), n. [Cf. Genys.] (Zoˆl.) The keel or lower outline of a
||bird's bill, so far as the mandibular rami are united.

Goo"ber (?), n. A peanut. [Southern U. S.]

Good (?), a. [Compar. Better (?); superl. Best (?). These words, though
used as the comparative and superlative of good, are from a different
root.] [AS. Gd, akin to D. goed, OS. gd, OHG. guot, G. gut, Icel. gr,
Sw. & Dan. god, Goth. gds; prob. orig., fitting, belonging together,
and akin to E. gather. &radic;29 Cf. Gather.]

1. Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end designed;
promoting success, welfare, or happiness; serviceable; useful; fit;
excellent; admirable; commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious,
offensive, or troublesome, etc.

    And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very
    good.


Gen. i. 31.

    Good company, good wine, good welcome.


Shak.

2. Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious; religious;
-- said of persons or actions.

    In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works.


Tit. ii. 7.

3. Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious; polite; propitious;
friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by to or toward, also
formerly by unto.

    The men were very good unto us.


1 Sam. xxv. 15.

4. Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use; to be relied upon;
-- followed especially by for.

    All quality that is good for anything is founded originally in
    merit.


Collier.

5. Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; -- followed especially by
at.

    He . . . is a good workman; a very good tailor.


Shak.

    Those are generally good at flattering who are good for nothing
    else.


South.

6. Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not fallacious; valid; in a
commercial sense, to be depended on for the discharge of obligations
incurred; having pecuniary ability; of unimpaired credit.

    My reasons are both good and weighty.


Shak.

    My meaning in saying he is a good man is . . . that he is
    sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond.


Shak.

7. Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases in good earnest; in good
sooth.

    Love no man in good earnest.


Shak.

8. Not small, insignificant, or of no account; considerable; esp., in
the phrases a good deal, a good way, a good degree, a good share or
part, etc.

9. Not lacking or deficient; full; complete.

    Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over.


Luke vi. 38.

10. Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable; unsullied; as in the
phrases a good name, a good report, good repute, etc.

    A good name is better than precious ointment


. Eccl. vii. 1.

As good as. See under As. -- For good, or For good and all, completely
and finally; fully; truly.

    The good woman never died after this, till she came to die for good
    and all.


L'Estrange.

-- Good breeding, polite or polished manners, formed by education; a
polite education.

    Distinguished by good humor and good breeding.


Macaulay.

-- Good cheap, literally, good bargain; reasonably cheap.

-- Good consideration (Law). (a) A consideration of blood or of natural
love and affection. Blackstone. (b) A valuable consideration, or one
which will sustain a contract. -- Good fellow, a person of
companionable qualities. [Familiar] -- Good folk, or Good people,
fairies; brownies; pixies, etc. [Colloq. Eng. & Scot.] -- Good for
nothing. (a) Of no value; useless; worthless. (b) Used substantively,
an idle, worthless person.

    My father always said I was born to be a good for nothing.


Ld. Lytton.

-- Good Friday, the Friday of Holy Week, kept in some churches as a
fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or suffering; the anniversary
of the crucifixion. -- Good humor, or Good-humor, a cheerful or
pleasant temper or state of mind. -- Good nature, or Good-nature,
habitual kindness or mildness of temper or disposition; amiability;
state of being in good humor.

    The good nature and generosity which belonged to his character.


Macaulay.

    The young count's good nature and easy persuadability were among
    his best characteristics.


Hawthorne.

-- Good people. See Good folk (above). -- Good speed, good luck; good
success; godspeed; -- an old form of wishing success. See Speed. --
Good turn, an act of kidness; a favor. -- Good will. (a) Benevolence;
well wishing; kindly feeling. (b) (Law) The custom of any trade or
business; the tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and
others, to resort to an established place of business; the advantage
accruing from tendency or inclination.

    The good will of a trade is nothing more than the probability that
    the old customers will resort to the old place.


Lord Eldon.

-- In good time. (a) Promptly; punctually; opportunely; not too soon
nor too late. (b) (Mus.) Correctly; in proper time. -- To hold good, to
remain true or valid; to be operative; to remain in force or effect;
as, his promise holds good; the condition still holds good. -- To make
good, to fulfill; to establish; to maintain; to supply (a defect or
deficiency); to indemmify; to prove or verify (an accusation); to prove
to be blameless; to clear; to vindicate.

    Each word made good and true.


Shak.

    Of no power to make his wishes good.


Shak.

    I . . . would by combat make her good.


Shak.

    Convenient numbers to make good the city.


Shak.

-- To think good, to approve; to be pleased or satisfied with; to
consider expedient or proper.

    If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, forbear.


Zech. xi. 12.

Good, in the sense of wishing well, is much used in greeting and
leave-taking; as, good day, good night, good evening, good morning,
etc.

Good (?), n. 1. That which possesses desirable qualities, promotes
success, welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind,
benevolent, etc.; -- opposed to evil.

    There be many that say, Who will show us any good ?


Ps. iv. 6.

2. Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare; prosperity;
advantage; benefit; -- opposed to harm, etc.

    The good of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing
    the good of each of the members composing it.


Jay.

3. pl. Wares; commodities; chattels; - - formerly used in the singular
in a collective sense. In law, a comprehensive name for almost all
personal property as distinguished from land or real property. Wharton.

    He hath made us spend much good.


Chaucer.

    Thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate Unto the
    state of Venice.


Shak.

Dress goods, Dry goods, etc. See in the Vocabulary. -- Goods engine, a
freight locomotive. [Eng.] -- Goods train, a freight train. [Eng.] --
Goods wagon, a freight car [Eng.] See the Note under Car, n., 2.

Good, adv. Well, -- especially in the phrase as good, with a following
as expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as
little harm as possible.

    As good almost kill a man as kill a good book.


Milton.

As good as, in effect; virtually; the same as.

    They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do as good as bid ye
    suppress yourselves.


Milton.

Good, v. t. 1. To make good; to turn to good. [Obs.]

2. To manure; to improve. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

{ Good`-by", Good`-bye" } (?), n. or interj. [A contraction of God be
with ye (God be w ye, God bw' ye, God bwye).] Farewell; a form of
address used at parting. See the last Note under By, prep. Shak.

Good`-den" (?), interj. [Corrupt. of good e'en, for good evening.] A
form of salutation. [Obs.] Shak.

Good`-fel"low*ship (?), n. Agreeable companionship; companionableness.

Good"geon (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Gudgeon, 5.

Good`-hu"mored (?), a. Having a cheerful spirit and demeanor;
good-tempered. See Good- natured.

Good`-hu"mored*ly, adv. With a cheerful spirit; in a cheerful or
good-tempered manner.

Good"ish (?), a. Rather good than the contrary; not actually bad;
tolerable.

    Goodish pictures in rich frames.


Walpole.

Good"less, a. Having no goods. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Good"lich (?), a. Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Good"li*ness (?), n. [From Goodly.] Beauty of form; grace; elegance;
comeliness.

    Her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes.


Sir P. Sidney.

Good"-look`ing (?), a. Handsome.

Good"ly, adv. Excellently. [Obs.] Spenser.

Good"ly, a. [Compar. Goodlier (?); superl. Goodliest.] [OE. godlich,
AS. gdlic. See Good, and Like.]

1. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable.

    We have many goodly days to see.


Shak.

2. Of pleasing appearance or character; comely; graceful; as, a goodly
person; goodly raiment, houses.

    The goodliest man of men since born.


Milton.

3. Large; considerable; portly; as, a goodly number.

    Goodly and great he sails behind his link.


Dryden.

{ Good"ly*head (?), Good"ly*hood (?) } n. Goodness; grace; goodliness.
[Obs.] Spenser.

Good"man (?), n. [Good + man]

1. A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to "My friend", "Good
sir", "Mister;" -- sometimes used ironically. [Obs.]

    With you, goodman boy, an you please.


Shak.

2. A husband; the master of a house or family; -- often used in
speaking familiarly. [Archaic] Chaucer.

    Say ye to the goodman of the house, . . . Where is the
    guest-chamber ?


Mark xiv. 14.

<! p. 639 !>

In the early colonial records of New England, the term goodman is
frequently used as a title of designation, sometimes in a respectful
manner, to denote a person whose first name was not known, or when it
was not desired to use that name; in this use it was nearly equivalent
to Mr. This use was doubtless brought with the first settlers from
England.

Good`-na"tured (?), a. Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked.

Syn. -- Good-natured, Good-tempered, Good- humored. Good-natured
denotes a disposition to please and be pleased. Good-tempered denotes a
habit of mind which is not easily ruffled by provocations or other
disturbing influences. Good-humored is applied to a spirit full of ease
and cheerfulness, as displayed in one's outward deportment and in
social intercourse. A good-natured man recommends himself to all by the
spirit which governs him. A good-humored man recommends himself
particularly as a companion. A good-tempered man is rarely betrayed
into anything which can disturb the serenity of the social circle.

Good`-na"tured*ly, adv. With mildness of temper.

Good"ness (?), n. [AS. gdnes.] The quality of being good in any of its
various senses; excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence; as, the
goodness of timber, of a soil, of food; goodness of character, of
disposition, of conduct, etc.

Good" now" (?). An exclamation of wonder, surprise, or entreaty. [Obs.]
Shak.

Goods (?), n. pl. See Good, n., 3.

Good"ship, n. Favor; grace. [Obs.] Gower.

Good`-tem"pered (?), a. Having a good temper; not easily vexed. See
Good-natured.

Good"wife` (?), n. The mistress of a house. [Archaic] Robynson (More's
Utopia).

Good"y (?), n.; pl. Goodies (&?;). 1. A bonbon, cake, or the like; --
usually in the pl. [Colloq.]

2. (Zoˆl.) An American fish; the lafayette or spot.

Good"y, n.; pl. Goodies (#). [Prob. contr. from goodwife.] Goodwife; --
a low term of civility or sport.

Good"-year (?), n. [See Goujere.] The venereal disease; -- often used
as a mild oath. [Obs.] Shak.

Good"y-good`y, a. Mawkishly or weakly good; exhibiting goodness with
silliness. [Colloq.]

Good"y*ship, n. The state or quality of a goody or goodwife [Jocose]
Hudibraus.

||Goo*roo", Gu*ru" (&?;), n. [Hind. gur&?; a spiritual parent or
||teacher, Skr. guru heavy, noble, venerable, teacher. Cf. Grief.] A
||spiritual teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos. Malcom.

Goos"an`der (?), n. [OE. gossander, a tautological word formed fr.
goose + gander. Cf. Merganser.] (Zoˆl.) A species of merganser (M.
merganser) of Northern Europe and America; -- called also merganser,
dundiver, sawbill, sawneb, shelduck, and sheldrake. See Merganser.

Goose (gs), n.; pl. Geese (gs). [OE. gos, AS. gs, pl. gs; akin to D. &
G. gans, Icel. gs, Dan. gaas, Sw. gÂs, Russ. guse. OIr. geiss, L.
anser, for hanser, Gr. chh`n, Skr. hasa. &radic;233. Cf. Gander,
Gannet, Ganza, Gosling.] (Zoˆl.)

1. Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily AnserinÊ, and belonging
to Anser, Branta, Chen, and several allied genera. See Anseres.

The common domestic goose is believed to have been derived from the
European graylag goose (Anser anser). The bean goose (A. segetum), the
American wild or Canada goose (Branta Canadensis), and the bernicle
goose (Branta leucopsis) are well known species. The American white or
snow geese and the blue goose belong to the genus Chen. See Bernicle,
Emperor goose, under Emperor, Snow goose, Wild goose, Brant.

2. Any large bird of other related families, resembling the common
goose.

The Egyptian or fox goose (Alopochen ∆gyptiaca) and the African
spur-winged geese (Plectropterus) belong to the family PlectropteridÊ.
The Australian semipalmated goose (Anseranas semipalmata) and Cape
Barren goose (Cereopsis NovÊ-HollandiÊ) are very different from
northern geese, and each is made the type of a distinct family. Both
are domesticated in Australia.

3. A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its handle, which
resembles the neck of a goose.

4. A silly creature; a simpleton.

5. A game played with counters on a board divided into compartments, in
some of which a goose was depicted.

    The pictures placed for ornament and use, The twelve good rules,
    the royal game of goose.


Goldsmith.

A wild goose chase, an attempt to accomplish something impossible or
unlikely of attainment. -- Fen goose. See under Fen. -- Goose barnacle
(Zoˆl.), any pedunculated barnacle of the genus Anatifa or Lepas; --
called also duck barnacle. See Barnacle, and Cirripedia. -- Goose cap,
a silly person. [Obs.] Beau. & . -- Goose corn (Bot.), a coarse kind of
rush (Juncus squarrosus). -- Goose feast, Michaelmas. [Colloq. Eng.] --
Goose flesh, a peculiar roughness of the skin produced by cold or fear;
-- called also goose skin. -- Goose grass. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the
genus Galium (G. Aparine), a favorite food of geese; -- called also
catchweed and cleavers. (b) A species of knotgrass (Polygonum
aviculare). (c) The annual spear grass (Poa annua). -- Goose neck,
anything, as a rod of iron or a pipe, curved like the neck of a goose;
specially (Naut.), an iron hook connecting a spar with a mast. -- Goose
quill, a large feather or quill of a goose; also, a pen made from it.
-- Goose skin. See Goose flesh, above. -- Goose tongue (Bot.), a
composite plant (Achillea ptarmica), growing wild in the British
islands. -- Sea goose. (Zoˆl.) See Phalarope. -- Solan goose. (Zoˆl.)
See Gannet.

Goose"ber*ry (?), n.; pl. Gooseberries (#), [Corrupted for groseberry
or groiseberry, fr. OF. groisele, F. groseille, -- of German origin;
cf. G. krausbeere, kr‰uselbeere (fr. kraus crisp), D. kruisbes,
kruisbezie (as if crossberry, fr. kruis cross; for kroesbes,
kroesbezie, fr. kroes crisp), Sw. krusb‰r (fr. krus, krusing, crisp).
The first part of the word is perh. akin to E. curl. Cf. Grossular, a.]
1. (Bot.) Any thorny shrub of the genus Ribes; also, the edible berries
of such shrub. There are several species, of which Ribes Grossularia is
the one commonly cultivated.

2. A silly person; a goose cap. Goldsmith.

Barbadoes gooseberry, a climbing prickly shrub (Pereskia aculeata) of
the West Indies, which bears edible berries resembling gooseberries. --
Coromandel gooseberry. See Carambola. -- Gooseberry fool. See lst Fool.
-- Gooseberry worm (Zoˆl.), the larva of a small moth (Dakruma
convolutella). It destroys the gooseberry by eating the interior.

Goose"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Angler.

Goose"foot` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of herbs (Chenopodium) mostly annual
weeds; pigweed.

Goos"er*y (?), n.; pl. Gooseries (&?;). 1. A place for keeping geese.

2. The characteristics or actions of a goose; silliness.

    The finical goosery of your neat sermon actor.


Milton.

Goose"wing` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the clews or lower corners of a
course or a topsail when the middle part or the rest of the sail is
furled.

Goose"winged` (?), a. (Naut.) (a) Having a "goosewing." (b) Said of a
fore-and-aft rigged vessel with foresail set on one side and mainsail
on the other; wing and wing.

Goos"ish, a. Like a goose; foolish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Goost (?), n. Ghost; spirit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Goot (?), n. A goat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Go"-out` (?), n. A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting
out the land waters, when the tide is out. [Written also gowt.]

Go"pher (?), n. [F. gaufre waffle, honeycomb. See Gauffer.] (Zoˆl.) 1.
One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera Geomys
and Thomomys, of the family GeomyidÊ; -- called also pocket gopher and
pouched rat. See Pocket gopher, and Tucan.

The name was originally given by French settlers to many burrowing
rodents, from their honeycombing the earth.

2. One of several western American species of the genus Spermophilus,
of the family SciuridÊ; as, the gray gopher (Spermophilus Franklini)
and the striped gopher (S. tridecemlineatus); -- called also striped
prairie squirrel, leopard marmot, and leopard spermophile. See
Spermophile.

3. A large land tortoise (Testudo Carilina) of the Southern United
States, which makes extensive burrows.

4. A large burrowing snake (Spilotes Couperi) of the Southern United
States.

Gopher drift (Mining), an irregular prospecting drift, following or
seeking the ore without regard to regular grade or section. Raymond.

Go"pher wood` (?). [Heb. gpher.] A species of wood used in the
construction of Noah's ark. Gen. vi. 14.

||Go*rac"co (?), n. A paste prepared from tobacco, and smoked in
||hookahs in Western India.

Go"ral (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An Indian goat antelope (Nemorhedus goral),
resembling the chamois.

Go"ra*my (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Gourami.

Gor"-bel`lied (?), a. Bog- bellied. [Obs.]

Gor"-bel`ly, n. [Gore filth, dirt + belly.] A prominent belly; a
big-bellied person. [Obs.]

Gorce (?), n. [OF. gort, nom. gorz, gulf, L. gurges whirlpool, gulf,
stream. See Gorge.] A pool of water to keep fish in; a wear. [Obs.]

Gor"cock` (?), n. [Prob. from gore blood.] (Zoˆl.) The moor cock, or
red grouse. See Grouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Gor"crow` (?), n. [AS. gor dung, dirt. See Gore blood, dirt.] (Zoˆl.)
The carrion crow; -- called also gercrow. [Prov. Eng.]

Gord (?), n. [Written also gourd.] [Perh. hollow, and so named in
allusion to a gourd.] An instrument of gaming; a sort of dice. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.

||Gor`di*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zoˆl.) A division of
||nematoid worms, including the hairworms or hair eels (Gordius and
||Mermis). See Gordius, and Illustration in Appendix.

Gor"di*an (?), a. 1. Pertaining to Gordius, king of Phrygia, or to a
knot tied by him; hence, intricate; complicated; inextricable.

Gordian knot, an intricate knot tied by Gordius in the thong which
connected the pole of the chariot with the yoke. An oracle having
declared that he who should untie it should be master of Asia,
Alexander the Great averted the ill omen of his inability to loosen it
by cutting it with his sword. Hence, a Gordian knot is an inextricable
difficulty; and to cut the Gordian knot is to remove a difficulty by
bold and energetic measures.

2. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Gordiacea.

Gor"di*an, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Gordiacea.

||Gor"di*us (?), n. [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of long,
||slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in insects until near maturity,
||when they leave the insect, and live in water, in which they deposit
||their eggs; -- called also hair eel, hairworm, and hair snake, from
||the absurd, but common and widely diffused, notion that they are
||metamorphosed horsehairs.

Gore (?), n. [AS. gor dirt, dung; akin to Icel. gor, SW. gorr, OHG.
gor, and perh. to E. cord, chord, and yarn; cf. Icel. gˆrn, garnir,
guts.] 1. Dirt; mud. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

2. Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become thick or
clotted. Milton.

Gore, n. [OE. gore, gare, AS. g&?;ra angular point of land, fr. g&?;r
spear; akin to D. geer gore, G. gehre gore, ger spear, Icel. geiri
gore, geir spear, and prob. to E. goad. Cf. Gar, n., Garlic, and Gore,
v.] 1. A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc., sewed
into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at a particular part.

2. A small traingular piece of land. Cowell.

3. (Her.) One of the abatements. It is made of two curved lines,
meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point.

It is usually on the sinister side, and of the tincture called tennÈ.
Like the other abatements it is a modern fancy and not actually used.

Gore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goring.] [OE. gar
spear, AS. g&?;r. See 2d Gore.] To pierce or wound, as with a horn; to
penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear; to stab.

    The low stumps shall gore His daintly feet.


Coleridge.

Gore, v. t. To cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to
provide with a gore; as, to gore an apron.

Gore"bill` (?), n. [2d gore + bill.] (Zoˆl.) The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Gor"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gorflies (#). [Gore (AS. gor) dung + fly.]
(Zoˆl.) A dung fly.

Gorge (?), n. [F. gorge, LL. gorgia, throat, narrow pass, and gorga
abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. gurgea whirlpool, gulf, abyss; cf. Skr.
gargara whirlpool, gr. to devour. Cf. Gorget.] 1. The throat; the
gullet; the canal by which food passes to the stomach.

    Wherewith he gripped her gorge with so great pain.


Spenser.

    Now, how abhorred! . . . my gorge rises at it.


Shak.

2. A narrow passage or entrance; as: (a) A defile between mountains.
(b) The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; -- usually
synonymous with rear. See Illust. of Bastion.

3. That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or other
fowl.

    And all the way, most like a brutish beast, e spewed up his gorge,
    that all did him detest.


Spenser.

4. A filling or choking of a passage or channel by an obstruction; as,
an ice gorge in a river.

5. (Arch.) A concave molding; a cavetto. Gwilt.

6. (Naut.) The groove of a pulley.

Gorge circle (Gearing), the outline of the smallest cross section of a
hyperboloid of revolution. -- Gorge hook, two fishhooks, separated by a
piece of lead. Knight.

Gorge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gorged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gorging (?).]
[F. gorger. See Gorge, n.] 1. To swallow; especially, to swallow with
greediness, or in large mouthfuls or quantities.

    The fish has gorged the hook.


Johnson.

2. To glut; to fill up to the throat; to satiate.

    The giant gorged with flesh.


Addison.

    Gorge with my blood thy barbarous appetite.


Dryden.

Gorge, v. i. To eat greedily and to satiety. Milton.

Gorged (?), a. 1. Having a gorge or throat.

2. (Her.) Bearing a coronet or ring about the neck.

3. Glutted; fed to the full.

Gor"ge*let (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small gorget, as of a humming bird.

Gor"geous (?), a. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious;
cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se
pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.] Imposing through splendid or
various colors; showy; fine; magnificent.

    Cloud-land, gorgeous land.


Coleridge.

    Gorgeous as the sun at midsummer.


Shak.

-- Gor"geous*ly, adv. -- Gor"geous*ness, n.

||Gor`ge*rin" (?), n. [F., fr. gorge neck.] (Arch.) In some columns,
||that part of the capital between the termination of the shaft and the
||annulet of the echinus, or the space between two neck moldings; --
||called also neck of the capital, and hypotrachelium. See Illust. of
||Column.

Gor"get (?), n. [OF. gorgete, dim. of gorge throat. See Gorge, n.] 1. A
piece of armor, whether of chain mail or of plate, defending the throat
and upper part of the breast, and forming a part of the double
breastplate of the 14th century.

2. A piece of plate armor covering the same parts and worn over the
buff coat in the 17th century, and without other steel armor.

    Unfix the gorget's iron clasp.


Sir W. Scott.

3. A small ornamental plate, usually crescent-shaped, and of gilded
copper, formerly hung around the neck of officers in full uniform in
some modern armies.

4. A ruff worn by women. [Obs.]

5. (Surg.) (a) A cutting instrument used in lithotomy. (b) A grooved
instrunent used in performing various operations; -- called also blunt
gorget. Dunglison.

<! p. 640 !>

6. (Zoˆl.) A crescent-shaped, colored patch on the neck of a bird or
mammal.

Gorget hummer (Zoˆl.), a humming bird of the genus Trochilus. See
Rubythroat.

Gor"gon (gÙr"gn), n. [L. Gorgo, -onis, Gr. Gorgw`, fr. gorgo`s
terrible.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale,
and Medusa, with snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom
turned the beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to Medusa.

2. Anything very ugly or horrid. Milton.

3. (Zoˆl.) The brindled gnu. See Gnu.

Gor"gon, a. Like a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a Gorgon face.
Dryden.

||Gor`go*na"ce*a (gÙr`g*n"sh*), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) See Gorgoniacea.

Gor*go"ne*an (gÙr*g"n*an), a. See Gorgonian, 1.

||Gor`go*ne"ion (gÙr`g*n"yn), n.; pl. Gorgoneia (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
||Gorgo`neios, equiv. to Gorgei^os belonging to a Gorgon.] (Arch.) A
||mask carved in imitation of a Gorgon's head. Elmes.

||Gor*go"ni*a (gÙr*g"n*), n. [L., a coral which hardens in the air.]
||(Zoˆl.) 1. A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive, but now
||restricted to such species as the West Indian sea fan (Gorgonia
||flabellum), sea plume (G. setosa), and other allied species having a
||flexible, horny axis.

2. Any slender branched gorgonian.

||Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gorgonia.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
||principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including those forms which have a
||firm and usually branched axis, covered with a porous crust, or
||cúnenchyma, in which the polyp cells are situated.

The axis is commonly horny, but it may be solid and stony (composed of
calcium carbonate), as in the red coral of commerce, or it may be in
alternating horny and stony joints, as in Isis. See Alcyonaria,
Anthozoa, Cúnenchyma.

Gor*go"ni*an (?), a. [L. Gorgoneus.]

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon; terrifying into stone;
terrific.

    The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move.


Milton.

2. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Gorgoniacea; as, gorgonian coral.

Gor*go"ni*an, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Gorgoniacea.

Gor"gon*ize (?), v. t. To have the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn
into stone; to petrify. [R.]

Gor"hen` (?), n. [Gor- as in gorcock + hen.] (Zoˆl.) The female of the
gorcock.

Go*ril"la (?), n. [An African word; found in a Greek translation of a
treatise in Punic by Hanno, a Carthaginian.] (Zoˆl.) A large, arboreal,
anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger than a man, and is
remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful muscles, which give it
enormous strength. In some respects its anatomy, more than that of any
other ape, except the chimpanzee, resembles that of man.

Gor"ing (?), or Gor"ing cloth` (&?;), n., (Naut.) A piece of canvas cut
obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.

Gorm (?), n. Axle grease. See Gome. [Prov. Eng.]

Gorm, v. t. To daub, as the hands or clothing, with gorm; to daub with
anything sticky. [Prov. Eng.]

Gor"ma (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European cormorant.

Gor"mand (?), n. [F. gourmand; cf. Prov. F. gourmer to sip, to lap,
gourmacher to eat improperly, F. gourme mumps, glanders, Icel. gormr
mud, mire, Prov. E. gorm to smear, daub; all perh. akin to E. gore
blood, filth. Cf. Gourmand.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a luxurious
feeder; a gourmand.

Gor"mand, a. Gluttonous; voracious. Pope.

Gor"mand*er (?), n. See Gormand, n. [Obs.]

Gor"mand*ism (?), n. Gluttony.

Gor"mand*ize (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Gormandized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Gormandizing (?).] [F. gourmandise gluttony. See Gormand.] To
eat greedily; to swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or like a
glutton. Shak.

Gor"mand*i`zer (?), n. A greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton.

Go*roon" shell` (?). (Zoˆl.) A large, handsome, marine, univalve shell
(Triton femorale).

Gorse (?), n. [OE. & AS. gorst; perh. akin to E. grow, grass.] (Bot.)
Furze. See Furze.

    The common, overgrown with fern, and rough With prickly gorse.


Cowper.

Gorse bird (Zoˆl.), the European linnet; -- called also gorse hatcher.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Gorse chat (Zoˆl.), the winchat. -- Gorse duck, the
corncrake; -- called also grass drake, land drake, and corn drake.

Gor"y (?), a. [From Gore.]

1. Covered with gore or clotted blood.

    Thou canst not say I did it; never shake Thy gory locks at me.


Shak.

2. Bloody; murderous. "Gory emulation." Shak.

Gos"hawk` (?), n. [AS. g&?;shafuc, lit., goosehawk; or Icel. gshaukr.
See Goose, and Hawk the bird.] (Zoˆl.) Any large hawk of the genus
Astur, of which many species and varieties are known. The European
(Astur palumbarius) and the American (A. atricapillus) are the best
known species. They are noted for their powerful flight, activity, and
courage. The Australian goshawk (A. NovÊ-HollandiÊ) is pure white.

Gos"herd (?), n. [OE. gosherde. See Goose, and Herd a herdsman.] One
who takes care of geese.

Gos"let (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of pygmy geese, of the
genus Nettepus. They are about the size of a teal, and inhabit Africa,
India, and Australia.

Gos"ling (?), n. [AS. g&?;s goose + -ling.]

1. A young or unfledged goose.

2. A catkin on nut trees and pines. Bailey.

Gos"pel (?), n. [OE. gospel, godspel, AS. godspell; god God + spell
story, tale. See God, and Spell, v.]

1. Glad tidings; especially, the good news concerning Christ, the
Kingdom of God, and salvation.

    And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and
    preaching the gospel of the kingdom.


Matt. iv. 23.

    The steadfast belief of the promises of the gospel.


Bentley.

It is probable that gospel is from. OE. godspel, God story, the
narrative concerning God; but it was early confused with god spell,
good story, good tidings, and was so used by the translators of the
Authorized version of Scripture. This use has been retained in most
cases in the Revised Version.

    Thus the literal sense [of gospel] is the "narrative of God," i.
    e., the life of Christ.


Skeat.

2. One of the four narratives of the life and death of Jesus Christ,
written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.

3. A selection from one of the gospels, for use in a religious service;
as, the gospel for the day.

4. Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any system of political
doctrine or social philosophy; as, this political gospel. Burke.

5. Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly true; as, they took
his words for gospel. [Colloq.]

    If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I shall only ask
    him to read ådipus, instead of taking the traditional witticisms
    about Lee for gospel.


Saintsbury.

Gos"pel, a. Accordant with, or relating to, the gospel; evangelical;
as, gospel righteousness. Bp. Warburton.

Gos"pel, v. t. To instruct in the gospel. [Obs.] Shak.

Gos"pel*er (?), n. [AS. godspellere.] [Written also gospeller.] 1. One
of the four evangelists. Rom. of R.

    Mark the gospeler was the ghostly son of Peter in baptism.


Wyclif.

2. A follower of Wyclif, the first English religious reformer; hence, a
Puritan. [Obs.] Latimer.

    The persecution was carried on against the gospelers with much
    fierceness by those of the Roman persuasion.


Strype.

3. A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the altar during the
communion service.

    The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the epistoler being the
    dean, and the gospeler the Bishop of Sydney.


Pall Mall Gazette.

Gos"pel*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gospelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gospelizing (?).] [Written also gospellize.]

1. To form according to the gospel; as, a command gospelized to us.
Milton.

2. To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; as, to gospelize the
savages. Boyle.

Goss (?), n. [See Gorse.] Gorse. [Obs.] Shak.

Gos"sa*mer (?), n. [OE. gossomer, gossummer, gosesomer, perh. for goose
summer, from its downy appearance, or perh. for God's summer, cf. G.
mariengarr gossamer, properly Mary's yarn, in allusion to the Virgin
Mary. Perhaps the E. word alluded to a legend that the gossamer was the
remnant of the Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which dropped from her when
she was taken up to heaven. For the use of summer in the sense of film
or threads, cf. G. M‰dchensommer, Altweibersommer, fliegender Sommer,
all meaning, gossamer.]

1. A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm,
clear weather, especially in autumn. It is seen in stubble fields and
on furze or low bushes, and is formed by small spiders.

2. Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin waterproof stuff.

3. An outer garment, made of waterproof gossamer.

Gossamer spider (Zoˆl.), any small or young spider which spins webs by
which to sail in the air. See Ballooning spider.

Gos"sa*mer*y (?), a. Like gossamer; flimsy.

    The greatest master of gossamery affectation.


De Quincey.

Gos"san (?), n. (Geol.) Decomposed rock, usually reddish or ferruginous
(owing to oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a metallic vein.

Gos`san*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gossan + -ferous.] Containing or producing
gossan.

Gos"sat (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small British marine fish (Motella
tricirrata); -- called also whistler and three-bearded rockling. [Prov.
Eng.]

Gos"sib (?), n. A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Gos"sip (?), n. [OE. gossib, godsib, a relation or sponsor in baptism,
a relation by a religious obligation, AS. godsibb, fr. god + sib
alliance, relation; akin to G. sippe, Goth. sibja, and also to Skr.
sabh assembly.]

1. A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother.

    Should a great lady that was invited to be a gossip, in her place
    send her kitchen maid, 't would be ill taken.


Selden.

2. A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and customary
acquaintance. [Obs.]

    My noble gossips, ye have been too prodigal.


Shak.

3. One who runs house to house, tattling and telling news; an idle
tattler.

    The common chat of gossips when they meet.


Dryden.

4. The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor.

    Bubbles o'er like a city with gossip, scandal, and spite.


Tennyson.

Gos"sip, v. t. To stand sponsor to. [Obs.] Shak.

Gos"sip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gossiped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gossiping.]
1. To make merry. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To prate; to chat; to talk much. Shak.

3. To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales.

Gos"sip*er (?), n. One given to gossip. Beaconsfield.

Gos"sip*rede (?), n. [Cf. Kindred.] The relationship between a person
and his sponsors. [Obs.]

Gos"sip*ry (?), n. 1. Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede;
special intimacy. Bale.

2. Idle talk; gossip. Mrs. Browning.

Gos"sip*y (?), a. Full of, or given to, gossip.

Gos*soon" (?), n. [Scot. garson an attendant, fr. F. garÁon, OF. gars.]
A boy; a servant. [Ireland]

||Gos*syp"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gossypion, gossipion.] (Bot.) A
||genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The species are
||much confused. G. herbaceum is the name given to the common cotton
||plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by G.
||Barbadense, a shrubby variety. There are several other kinds besides
||these.

Got (?), imp. & p. p. of Get. See Get.

Gote (?), n. [Cf. LG. gote, gaute, canal, G. gosse; akin to giessen to
pour, shed, AS. geÛtan, and E. fuse to melt.] A channel for water.
[Prov. Eng.] Crose.

Go"ter (?), n. a gutter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Goth (?), n. [L. Gothi, pl.; cf. Gr. &?;]

1. (Ethnol.) One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the
Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who
overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire.

Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the modern
Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known as
Ostrogoths and Visigoths, or East and West Goths; the former inhabiting
countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the latter on this
river generally. Some of them took possession of the province of
Moesia, and hence were called Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to
Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled
Suiogoths.

2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant
person. Chesterfield.

Go"tham*ist (?), n. A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; -- so
called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some
pleasant blunders. Bp. Morton.

Go"tham*ite (?), n. 1. A gothamist.

2. An inhabitant of New York city. [Jocular] Irving.

Goth"ic (?), a. [L. Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.]

1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous.

2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed
arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces,
and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions --
prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust.
of Abacus, and Capital.

Goth"ic, n. 1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of
that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century.
See Goth.

Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into Gothic
about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this translaton
which is preserved is the oldest known literary document in any
Teutonic language.

2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines.

This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.

3. (Arch.) The style described in Gothic, a., 2.

Goth"i*cism (?), n. 1. A Gothic idiom.

2. Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture.

3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.

Goth"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gothicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gothicizing (?).] To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.

Gˆ"thite, or Goe"thite (&?;), n. [After the poet Gˆthe.] (Min.) A
hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive,
with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color varies
from yellowish to blackish brown.

Got"ten (?), p. p. of Get.

||Gouache (gwsh), n. [F., It. guazzo.] A method of painting with opaque
||colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a
||preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.

Goud (?), n. [Cf. OF. gaide, F. guËde, fr. OHG. weit; or cf. F. gaude
weld. Cf. Woad.] Woad. [Obs.]

||Gou`dron" (?), n. [F., tar.] (Mil.) a small fascine or fagot, steeped
||in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for igniting
||buildings or works, or to light ditches and ramparts. Farrow.

Gouge (?), n. [F. gouge. LL. gubia, guvia, gulbia, gulvia, gulvium; cf.
Bisc. gubia bow, gubioa throat.]

1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or
cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar
instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood.

2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face
which forms a curve.

<! p. 641 !>

3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes,
etc. from leather, paper, etc. Knight.

4. (Mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the
solid vein. Raymond.

5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove
or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.

6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish
person. [Slang, U. S.]

Gouge bit, a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.

Gouge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gouged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gouging
(?).] 1. To scoop out with a gouge.

2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye
of (a person) with the thumb. [K S.]

A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly practiced in the
brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the United States.

3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse. [Slang, U. S.]

Gou"ger (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Plum Gouger.

Gouge"shell` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell, of
the genus Vermetus; also, the pinna. See Vermetus.

Gou"jere (?), n. [F. gouge prostitute, a camp trull. Cf. Good-year.]
The venereal disease. [Obs.]

Gou"land (?), n. See Golding.

Gou*lard"s" ex"tract" (?). [Named after the introducer, Thomas Goulard,
a French surgeon.] (Med.) An aqueous solution of the subacetate of
lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation. Goulard's cerate is a
cerate containing this extract.

Gour (?), n. [See Giaour.] 1. A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber.
Tylor.

2. (Zoˆl.) See Koulan.

||Gou"ra (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of large, crested
||ground pigeons of the genus Goura, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent
||islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon (Goura Victoria) and the crowned
||pigeon (G. coronata) are among the best known species.

Gou"ra*mi (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A very largo East Indian freshwater fish
(Osphromenus gorami), extensively reared in artificial ponds in
tropical countries, and highly valued as a food fish. Many unsuccessful
efforts have been made to introduce it into Southern Europe. [Written
also goramy.]

Gourd (?), n. [F. gourde, OF. cougourde, gouhourde, fr. L. cucurbita
gourd (cf. NPr. cougourdo); perh. akin to corbin basket, E. corb. Cf.
Cucurbite.] 1. (Bot.) A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the
melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order CucurbitaceÊ; and
especially the bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) which occurs in a
great variety of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves
for bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes.

2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a
drinking vessel; a bottle. Chaucer.

Bitter gourd, colocynth.

Gourd, n. A false die. See Gord.

{ Gourd, Gourde } n. [Sp. gordo large.] A silver dollar; -- so called
in Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds.

Gourd"i*ness (?), n. [From Gourdy.] (Far.) The state of being gourdy.

Gourd" tree" (?). (Bot.) A tree (the Crescentia Cujete, or calabash
tree) of the West Indies and Central America.

Gourd"worm" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The fluke of sheep. See Fluke.

Gourd"y (?), a. [Either fr. gourd, or fr. F. gourd benumbed.] (Far.)
Swelled in the legs.

Gour"mand (?), n. [F.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See
Gormand.

    That great gourmand, fat Apicius


B. Jonson.

||Gour`met" (gr`m"), n. [F.] A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an
||epicure.

Gour"net (g˚r"nt), n. (Zoˆl.) A fish. See Gurnet.

Gout (gout), n. [F. goutte a drop, the gout, the disease being
considered as a defluxion, fr. L. gutta drop.]

1. A drop; a clot or coagulation.

    On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood.


Shak.

2. (Med.) A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It consists
in an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints,
and almost always attacks first the great toe, next the smaller joints,
after which it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended
with various sympathetic phenomena, particularly in the digestive
organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the stomach, the
intestines, etc. Dunglison.

3. A disease of cornstalks. See Corn fly, under Corn.

Gout stones. See Chalkstone, n., 2.

||Go˚t (g), n. [F., fr. L. gustus taste. See Gusto.] Taste; relish.

Gout"i*ly (?), adv. In a gouty manner.

Gout"i*ness, n. The state of being gouty; gout.

{ Gout"weed` (&?;), Gout"wort` (?) } n. [So called from having been
formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.] (Bot.) A coarse
umbelliferous plant of Europe (∆gopodium Podagraria); -- called also
bishop's weed, ashweed, and herb gerard.

Gout"y (?), a. 1. Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a gouty
person; a gouty joint.

2. Pertaining to the gout. "Gouty matter." Blackmore.

3. Swollen, as if from gout. Derham.

4. Boggy; as, gouty land. [Obs.] Spenser.

Gouty bronchitis, bronchitis arising as a secondary disease during the
progress of gout. -- Gouty concretions, calculi (urate of sodium)
formed in the joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout. -- Gouty
kidney, an affection occurring during the progress of gout, the kidney
shriveling and containing concretions of urate of sodium.

Gove (gv), n. [Also goaf, goof, goff.] A mow; a rick for hay. [Obs.]
Tusser.

Gov"ern (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Governed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Governing.] [OF. governer, F. gouverner, fr. L. gubernare to steer,
pilot, govern, Gr. kyberna^n. Cf. Gubernatorial.] 1. To direct and
control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by established laws
or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority. "Fit to govern and rule
multitudes." Shak.

2. To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to manage; as, to
govern the life; to govern a horse.

    Govern well thy appetite.


Milton.

3. (Gram.) To require to be in a particular case; as, a transitive verb
governs a noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular
case); as, a transitive verb governs the objective case.

Gov"ern, v. i. To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have
the control. Dryden.

Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Governableness.

Gov"ern*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gouvernable.] Capable of being governed,
or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient. Locke.

Gov"ern*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being governable; manageableness.

Gov"ern*al (?), Gov"ern*ail (&?;), n. [Cf. F. gouvernail helm, rudder,
L. gubernaculum.] Management; mastery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Gov"ern*ance (?), n. [F. gouvernance.] Exercise of authority; control;
government; arrangement. Chaucer. J. H. Newman.

Gov"ern*ante" (?), n. [F. gouvernante. See Govern.] A governess. Sir W.
Scott.

Gov"ern*ess (?), n. [Cf. OF. governeresse. See Governor.] A female
governor; a woman invested with authority to control and direct;
especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction of children, --
usually in their homes.

Gov"ern*ing, a. 1. Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; as,
a governing wind; a governing party in a state. Jay.

2. (Gram.) Requiring a particular case.

Gov"ern*ment (?), n. [F. gouvernement. See Govern.] 1. The act of
governing; the exercise of authority; the administration of laws;
control; direction; regulation; as, civil, church, or family
government.

2. The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state; the
established form of law.

    That free government which we have so dearly purchased, free
    commonwealth.


Milton.

3. The right or power of governing; authority.

    I here resign my government to thee.


Shak.

4. The person or persons authorized to administer the laws; the ruling
power; the administration.

    When we, in England, speak of the government, we generally
    understand the ministers of the crown for the time being.


Mozley & W.

5. The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as, the
governments of Europe.

6. Management of the limbs or body. Shak.

7. (Gram.) The influence of a word in regard to construction, requiring
that another word should be in a particular case.

Gov"ern*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. gouvernemental.] Pertaining to
government; made by government; as, governmental duties.

Gov"ern*or (?), n. [OE. governor, governour, OF. governeor, F.
gouverneur, fr. L. gubernator steersman, ruler, governor. See Govern.]
1. One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the supreme
executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; as, the
governor of Pennsylvania. "The governor of the town." Shak.

2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a tutor; a
guardian.

3. (Naut.) A pilot; a steersman. [R.]

4. (Mach.) A contrivance applied to steam engines, water wheels, and
other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform speed when the resistances
and motive force are variable.

The illustration shows a form of governor commonly used for steam
engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (a) sliding on a rapidly revolving
spindle (b), driven by the engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed
varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls (c c) to which
it is connected by links (d d), the balls being attached to arms (e e)
which are jointed to the top of the spindle. The sleeve is connected
with the throttle valve or cut-off through a lever (f), and its motion
produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs too slowly and
a less supply when too fast.

Governor cut-off (Steam Engine), a variable cut-off gear in which the
governor acts in such a way as to cause the steam to be cut off from
entering the cylinder at points of the stroke dependent upon the
engine's speed. -- Hydraulic governor (Mach.), a governor which is
operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.

Gov"ern*or gen"er*al (?). A governor who has lieutenant or deputy
governors under him; as, the governor general of Canada, of India.

Gov"ern*or*ship, n. The office of a governor.

Gow"an (?), n. [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.] 1. The
daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.]

    And pu'd the gowans fine.


Burns.

2. (Min.) Decomposed granite.

Gow"an*y (?), a. Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies. [Scot.]

    Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay.


Ramsay.

Gowd (?), n. [Cf. Gold.] Gold; wealth. [Scot.]

    The man's the gowd for a' that.


Burns.

Gowd"en (?), a. Golden. [Scot.]

Gow"die (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Dragont. [Scot.]

Gowd"nook" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The saury pike; -- called also gofnick.

Gowk (?), v. t. [See Gawk.] To make a, booby of one); to stupefy.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

Gowk, n. [See Gawk.] (Zoˆl.) 1. The European cuckoo; -- called also
gawky.

2. A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.

Gowl (?), v. i. [OE. gaulen, goulen. Cf. Yawl, v. i.] To howl. [Obs.]
Wyclif.

Gown (?), n. [OE. goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe, akin to
Ir. gunn, Gael. g˘n; cf. OF. gone, prob. of the same origin.] 1. A
loose, flowing upper garment; especially: (a) The ordinary outer dress
of a woman; as, a calico or silk gown. (b) The official robe of certain
professional men and scholars, as university students and officers,
barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil
officers, in distinction from military.

    He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield.


Dryden.

(c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown.

2. Any sort of dress or garb.

    He comes . . . in the gown of humility.


Shak.

Gowned (?), p. a. Dressed in a gown; clad.

    Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape.


Tennyson.

Gowns"man (?), Gown"man (&?;), n.; pl. -men (-men). One whose
professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a
member of an English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from
a soldier.

Goz"zard (?), n. See Gosherd. [Prov. Eng.]

Graaf"i*an (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de
Graaf, a Dutch physician.

Graafian follicles or vesicles, small cavities in which the ova are
developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by the bursting of which they
are discharged.

Graal (grl), n. See Grail, a dish.

Grab (grb), n. [Ar. & Hind. ghurb crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.]
(Naut.) A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.

Grab (grb), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbed (grbd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grabbing.] [Akin to Sw. grabba to grasp. Cf. Grabble, Grapple, Grasp.]
To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.

Grab, n. 1. A sudden grasp or seizure.

2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them;
-- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from
artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven.

Grab bag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to be
drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. [Colloq.] -- Grab
game, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece
of property. [Colloq.]

Grab"ber (?), n. One who seizes or grabs.

Grab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grabbling (&?;).] [Freq. of grab; cf. D. grabbelen.] 1. To grope; to
feel with the hands.

    He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a grabbling and
    fumbling.


Selden.

2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel.
Ainsworth.

Grace (?), n. [F. gr‚ce, L. gratia, from gratus beloved, dear,
agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. &?; to rejoice, &?; favor, grace, Skr.
hary to desire, and E. yearn. Cf. Grateful, Gratis.] 1. The exercise of
love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit or serve another;
favor bestowed or privilege conferred.

    To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee.


Milton.

2. (Theol.) The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as
distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts;
divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the
divine favor.

    And if by grace, then is it no more of works.


Rom. xi. 6.

    My grace is sufficicnt for thee.


2 Cor. xii. 9.

    Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound.


Rom. v. 20.

    By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we
    stand.


Rom. v.2

3. (Law) (a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as
pardon. (b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of
equitable relief through chancery.

4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with hard or sorry when it means
misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win
favor or confer pleasure or benefit.

    He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good grace to grace
    a gentleman.


Shak.

    I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style
    and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of
    those graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing.


Blair.

<! p. 642 !>

6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly, easy
elegance of manners; perfection of form.

    Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them
    longer, than any thing else.


Hazlitt.

    I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the grace of
    the gift.


Longfellow.

7. pl. (Myth.) Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses,
represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo
but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number;
namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the
inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love,
and social intercourse.

    The Graces love to weave the rose.


Moore.

    The Loves delighted, and the Graces played.


Prior.

8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of
the king of England.

    How fares your Grace !


Shak.

9. (Commonly pl.) Thanks. [Obs.]

    Yielding graces and thankings to their lord Melibeus.


Chaucer.

10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before
or after a meal.

11. pl. (Mus.) Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by
the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation
signs are called grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc.

12. (Eng. Universities) An act, vote, or decree of the government of
the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or
decree. Walton.

13. pl. A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It
consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means
of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also grace hoop or hoops.

Act of grace. See under Act. -- Day of grace (Theol.), the time of
probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be
accepted.

    That day of grace fleets fast away.


I. Watts.

-- Days of grace (Com.), the days immediately following the day when a
bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payer
to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the days of
grace are three, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants
being different. -- Good graces, favor; friendship. -- Grace cup. (a) A
cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace. (b) A health
drunk after grace has been said.

    The grace cup follows to his sovereign's health.


Hing.

-- Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup.

    To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the
    grace drink, she having established it as a rule at her table, that
    whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper.


Encyc. Brit.

-- Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See Grace, n., 13. --
Grace note (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See Appoggiatura, and def. 11
above. -- Grace stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace. --
Means of grace, means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with God,
as the preaching of the gospel, etc. -- To do grace, to reflect credit
upon.

    Content to do the profession some grace.


Shak.

-- To say grace, to render thanks before or after a meal. -- With a
good grace, in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously. -- With
a bad grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner;
ungraciously.

    What might have been done with a good grace would at least be done
    with a bad grace.


Macaulay.

Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy. -- Grace,
Mercy. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive
and peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the term, is
spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or
compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the grace of God that
opened a way for the exercise of mercy toward men. See Elegance.

Grace (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gracing
(?).] 1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.

    Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line.


Pope.

    We are graced with wreaths of victory.


Shak.

2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor.

    He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he would in
    court.


Knolles.

3. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall.

4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.

Graced (?), a. Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces;
honorable. Shak.

Grace"ful (?), a. Displaying grace or beauty in form or action;
elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance; as, a graceful walk,
deportment, speaker, air, act, speech.

    High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode.


Dryden.

-- Grace"ful*ly, adv. Grace"ful*ness, n.

Grace"less, a. 1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or
deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. "In a graceless
age." Milton.

2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n., 4. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-- Grace"less*ly, adv. -- Grace"less-ness, n.

{ Grac"ile (?), Grac"il*lent (?) } a. [L. gracilis, gracilentus.]
Slender; thin. [Obs.] Bailey.

Gra*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L. gracilitas; cf. F. gracilitÈ.] State of being
gracilent; slenderness. Milman. "Youthful gracility." W. D. Howells.

Gra"cious (gr"shs), a. [F. gracieux, L. gratiosus. See Grace.] 1.
Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love, or bestowing mercy;
characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness
or favor; condescending; as, his most gracious majesty.

    A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful.


Neh. ix. 17.

    So hallowed and so gracious in the time.


Shak.

2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful; excellent.

    Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . . There was not
    such a gracious creature born.


Shak.

3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine
influence; as, gracious affections.

Syn. -- Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant;
merciful.

Gra"cious*ly (?), adv. 1. In a gracious manner; courteously;
benignantly. Dryden.

2. Fortunately; luckily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gra"cious*ness, n. Quality of being gracious.

Grac"kle (?), n. [Cf. L. graculus jackdaw.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of several
American blackbirds, of the family IcteridÊ; as, the rusty grackle
(Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the
purple grackle (Quiscalus quiscula, or Q. versicolor). See Crow
blackbird, under Crow. (b) An Asiatic bird of the genus Gracula. See
Myna.

Gra"date (?), v. t. [See Grade.] 1. To grade or arrange (parts in a
whole, colors in painting, etc.), so that they shall harmonize.

2. (Chem.) To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration;
as, to gradate a saline solution.

Gra*da"tion (?), n., [L. gradatio: cf. F. gradation. See Grade.] 1. The
act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state
of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of castes.

2. The act or process of bringing to a certain grade.

3. Any degree or relative position in an order or series.

    The several gradations of the intelligent universe.


I. Taylor.

4. (Fine Arts) A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a
darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or drawing.

6. (Mus.) A diatonic ascending or descending succession of chords.

Gra*da"tion, v. t. To form with gradations. [R.]

Gra*da"tion*al (?), a. By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining
to gradation.

Grad"a*to*ry (?), a. [See Grade.] 1. Proceeding step by step, or by
gradations; gradual.

    Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their progress .
    . . could this gradatory apostasy have been shown us.


A. Seward.

2. (Zoˆl.) Suitable for walking; -- said of the limbs of an animal when
adapted for walking on land.

Grad"a*to*ry, n. [Cf. LL. gradatarium.] (Arch.) A series of steps from
a cloister into a church.

Grade (?), n. [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to
step, go. Cf. Congress, Degree, Gradus.] 1. A step or degree in any
series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades
of military rank; crimes of every grade; grades of flour.

    They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure, teachers of
    every grade.


Buckle.

2. In a railroad or highway: (a) The rate of ascent or descent;
gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; --
usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in
so many of horizontal distance; as, a heavy grade; a grade of twenty
feet per mile, or of 1 in 264. (b) A graded ascending, descending, or
level portion of a road; a gradient.

3. (Stock Breeding) The result of crossing a native stock with some
better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the
better blood, it is called high grade.

At grade, on the same level; -- said of the crossing of a railroad with
another railroad or a highway, when they are on the same level at the
point of crossing. -- Down grade, a descent, as on a graded railroad.
-- Up grade, an ascent, as on a graded railroad. -- Equating for
grades. See under Equate. -- Grade crossing, a crossing at grade.

Grade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grading.] 1. To
arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank,
etc.

2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the
line of a canal or road.

3. (Stock Breeding) To cross with some better breed; to improve the
blood of.

Grade"ly, a. [Cf. AS. grad grade, step, order, fr. L. gradus. See
Grade.] Decent; orderly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- adv. Decently; in
order. [Prov. Eng.]

Grad"er (?), n. One who grades, or that by means of which grading is
done or facilitated.

Gra"di*ent (?), a. [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to step, to go. See
Grade.] 1. Moving by steps; walking; as, gradient automata. Wilkins.

2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as, the
gradient line of a railroad.

3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birds.

Gra"di*ent, n. 1. The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a
road; grade.

2. A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a way
not level; a grade.

3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the
curve which represents it; as, a thermometric gradient.

Gradient post, a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on
it the grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc., at that spot.

{ ||Gra"din (?), Gra*dine" (?),} n. [F. gradin, dim. of grade. See
Grade.] (Arch.) Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar
or the like; a set raised over another. "The gradines of the
amphitheeater." Layard.

Gra*dine" (?), n. [F. gradine.] A toothed chised by sculptors.

Grad"ing (?), n. The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of
bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or
grade.

||Gra*di"no (?), n.; pl. Gradinos (#). [It.] (Arch.) A step or raised
||shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf. Superaltar, and Gradin.

Grad"u*al" (?); a. [Cf; F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Gradual, n.]
Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent
or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive; slow;
as, a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual decline.

    Creatures animate with gradual life Of growth, sense, reason, all
    summed up in man.


Milton.

Grad"u*al, n. [LL. graduale a gradual (in sense 1), fr. L. gradus step:
cf. F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Grail a gradual.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) (a)
An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was
sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps. (b) A
service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.

2. A series of steps. [Obs.] Dryden.

Grad"u*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gradual; gradualness. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.

Grad"u*al*ly (?), adv. 1. In a gradual manner.

2. In degree. [Obs.]

    Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically, differ from
    the fantastic reason of brutes.


Grew.

Grad"u*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being gradual; regular
progression or gradation; slowness.

    The gradualness of this movement.


M. Arnold.

    The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which strikes the
    simplest observer.


H. Drummond.

Grad"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graduated (?) p. pr. & vb. n.
Graduating (&?;).] [Cf. F. graduer. See Graduate, n., Grade.]

1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or
intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or
rewards, etc.

2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a college
or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an honorable
standing defined by a diploma; as, he was graduated at Yale College.

3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to
a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; as, to graduate the heat
of an oven.

    Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts.


Browne.

4. (Chem.) To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation,
as a fluid.

Graduating engine, a dividing engine. See Dividing engine, under
Dividing.

Grad"u*ate, v. i. 1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade
off; as, sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes
graduates into quartz.

2. (Zoˆl.) To taper, as the tail of certain birds.

3. To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate;
to receive a diploma.

    He graduated at Oxford.


Latham.

    He was brought to their bar and asked where he had graduated.


Macaulay.

Grad"u*ate (?), n. [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a
degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See Grade, n.] 1. One who has received an
academical or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed
course of study in any school or institution of learning.

2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by
apothecaries and chemists. See under Graduated.

Grad"u*ate, a. [See Graduate, n. & v.] Arranged by successive steps or
degrees; graduated.

    Beginning with the genus, passing through all the graduate and
    subordinate stages.


Tatham.

Grad"u*a"ted (?), a. 1. Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided
into grades.

2. (Zoˆl.) Tapered; -- said of a bird's tail when the outer feathers
are shortest, and the others successively longer.

Graduated tube, bottle, cap, or glass, a vessel, usually of glass,
having horizontal marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the
amount of the contents at the several levels. -- Graduated spring
(Railroads), a combination of metallic and rubber springs.

Grad"u*ate*ship, n. State of being a graduate. Milton.

Grad"u*a"tion (?), n. [LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F.
graduation division into degrees.]

1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as,
graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color;
graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc.

2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or
quantity; a scale.

3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to
hasten its evaporation.

Grad"u*a"tor (?), n. 1. One who determines or indicates graduation; as,
a graduator of instruments.

2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small,
regular intervals.

3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a
large surface, for exposure to the air.

||Gra"dus (?), n. [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.] A
||dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin
||poetry.

    He set to work . . . without gradus or other help.


T. Hughes.

||Graf (?), n. [G. Cf. -grave.] A German title of nobility, equivalent
||to earl in English, or count in French. See Earl.

Graff (?), n. [OE. grafe, greife, greive. Cf. Margrave.] A steward; an
overseer.

    [A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or graff, and not
    the head, which is a title belonging only to Christ.


John Knox.

Graff n. & v. See Graft.

Graff"age (?), n. [Cf. Grave, n.] The scarp of a ditch or moat. "To
clean the graffages." Miss Mitford.

Graf"fer (?), n. [See Greffier.] (Law.) a notary or scrivener. Bouvier.

<! p. 643 !>

||Graf*fi"ti (?), n. pl. [It., pl. of graffito scratched] Inscriptions,
||figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient sepulchers or
||ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii.

Graft (?), n. [OE. graff, F. greffe, originally the same word as OF.
grafe pencil, L. graphium, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to write; prob. akin
to E. carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a
pointed pencil. Cf. Graphic, Grammar.] (a) A small shoot or scion of a
tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and
nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines
the kind of fruit. (b) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such
a shoot. (c) (Surg.) A portion of living tissue used in the operation
of autoplasty.

Graft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grafting.] [F.
greffer. See Graft, n.] 1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of
another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to
insert a graft upon. [Formerly written graff.]

2. (Surg.) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion
so as to form an organic union.

3. To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring
about a close union.

    And graft my love immortal on thy fame !


Pope.

4. (Naut.) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with
a weaving of small cord or rope- yarns.

Graft, v. i. To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc.,
into another; to practice grafting.

Graft"er (?), n. 1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or
propagates fruit by ingrafting.

2. An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.

3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting
upon another tree. Shak.

Graft"ing n. 1. (Hort.) The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.

2. (Naut.) The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end,
etc.

3. (Surg.) The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded
surface; autoplasty.

4. (Carp.) A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another.

Cleft grafting (Hort.) a method of grafting in which the scion is
placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a
branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the
stock. -- Crown, or Rind, grafting, a method of grafting which the
alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted the
lower end of the scion cut slantwise. -- Saddle grafting, a mode of
grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by two
sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped to fit the
cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise. -- Side
grafting, a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very
obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down
inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the
cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock. -- Skin
grafting. (Surg.) See Autoplasty. -- Splice grafting (Hort.), a method
of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely
across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the
same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly
fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise. -- Whip
grafting, tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting, except that a
cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and stock, in the
direction of the grain and in the middle of the sloping surface,
forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together, the tongue of each
is inserted in the slit of the other. -- Grafting scissors, a surgeon's
scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc. -- Grafting tool. (a)
Any tool used in grafting. (b) A very strong curved spade used in
digging canals. -- Grafting wax, a composition of rosin, beeswax
tallow, etc., used in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees.

Gra"ham bread" (?). [From Sylvester Graham, a lecturer on dietetics.]
Bread made of unbolted wheat flour. [U. S.] Bartlett.

Gra"ham*ite (?), n. [See Graham bread.] One who follows the dietetic
system of Graham. [U. S.]

Grail (?), n. [OF. greel, LL. gradale. See Gradual, n.] A book of
offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual. [Obs.] T. Warton.

    Such as antiphonals, missals, grails, processionals, etc.


Strype.

Grail, n. [OF. graal, greal, greet, F. graal, grÈal, LL. gradalis,
gradale, prob. derived fr. L. crater bowl, mixing vessel, Gr. krath`r.
See Crater.] A broad, open dish; a chalice; -- only used of the Holy
Grail.

The Holy Grail, according to some legends of the Middle Ages, was the
cup used by our Savior in dispensing the wine at the last supper; and
according to others, the platter on which the paschal lamb was served
at the last Passover observed by our Lord. This cup, according to the
legend, if appoached by any but a perfectly pure and holy person, would
be borne away and vanish from the sight. The quest of the Holy Grail
was to be undertaken only by a knight who was perfectly chaste in
thought, word, and act.

Grail, n. [F. grÍle hail, from gr…s grit, OHG. griex, grioz, G. gries,
gravel, grit. See Grit.] Small particles of earth; gravel. [Obs.]

    Lying down upon the sandy grail.


Spenser.

Grail (grl), n. [Cf. OF. graite slender, F. grÍte.] One of the small
feathers of a hawk.

Graille (grl), n. [Cf. F. grÍle a sort of file.] A halfround single-cut
file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight face, -- used by
comb makers. Knight.

Grain, v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]

Grain (grn), n. [F. grain, L. granum, grain, seed, small kernel, small
particle. See Corn, and cf. Garner, n., Garnet, Gram the chick-pea,
Granule, Kernel.]

1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants, like
wheat, whose seeds are used for food.

2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man, as
corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; -- used
collectively.

    Storehouses crammed with grain.


Shak.

3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any
minute portion or particle; as, a grain of gunpowder, of pollen, of
starch, of sense, of wit, etc.

    I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved.


Milton.

4. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called because
considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the
ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760
grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See Gram.

5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red
color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by
the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple.

    All in a robe of darkest grain.


Milton.

    Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in
    colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson
    in grain.


Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.

6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the
particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or
hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain.

    Hard box, and linden of a softer grain.


Dryden.

7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or
of the strata in stone, slate, etc.

    Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine and
    divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth.


Shak.

8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous
material.

9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side.
Knight.

10. pl. The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation;
hence, any residuum. Also called draff.

11. (Bot.) A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the
common dock. See Grained, a., 4.

12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.]

    Brothers . . . not united in grain.


Hayward.

13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.]

    He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet.


Chaucer.

Against the grain, against or across the direction of the fibers;
hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly;
reluctantly; with difficulty. Swift. Saintsbury.-- A grain of
allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance. -- Grain
binder, an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into
sheaves. -- Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes insect.
-- Grain leather. (a) Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and other
skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc. -- Grain moth
(Zoˆl.), one of several small moths, of the family TineidÊ (as Tinea
granella and Butalis cerealella), whose larvÊ devour grain in
storehouses. -- Grain side (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from
which the hair has been removed; -- opposed to flesh side. -- Grains of
paradise, the seeds of a species of amomum. -- grain tin, crystalline
tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal. -- Grain weevil (Zoˆl.), a
small red weevil (Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat
and other grain, by eating out the interior. -- Grain worm (Zoˆl.), the
larva of the grain moth. See grain moth, above. -- In grain, of a fast
color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine. "Anguish in grain."
Herbert. -- To dye in grain, to dye of a fast color by means of the
coccus or kermes grain [see Grain, n., 5]; hence, to dye firmly; also,
to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See under Dye.

    The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . Likce crimson dyed in
    grain.


Spenser.

-- To go against the grain of (a person), to be repugnant to; to vex,
irritate, mortify, or trouble.

Grain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grained (grnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Graining.]
1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.

2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.

3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of
(leather, etc.).

Grain, v. i. [F. grainer, grener. See Grain, n.] 1. To yield fruit.
[Obs.] Gower.

2. To form grains, or to assume a granular form, as the result of
crystallization; to granulate.

Grain (grn), n. [See Groin a part of the body.]

1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.] G. Douglas.

2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically: (a) One the branches of a
valley or of a river. (b) pl. An iron fish spear or harpoon, having
four or more barbed points.

3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.

4. (Founding) A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core.

Grained (grnd), a. 1. Having a grain; divided into small particles or
grains; showing the grain; hence, rough.

2. Dyed in grain; ingrained.

    Persons lightly dipped, not grained, in generous honesty, are but
    pale in goodness.


Sir T. Browne.

3. Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.

4. (Bot.) Having tubercles or grainlike processes, as the petals or
sepals of some flowers.

Grain"er (grn"r), n. 1. An infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to
neutralize the effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; -- called
also grains and bate.

2. A knife for taking the hair off skins.

3. One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.;
also, the brush or tool used in graining.

Grain"field` (-fld`), n. A field where grain is grown.

Grain"ing, n. 1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of
coins. Locke.

2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and the
grain raised.

3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood, stone, etc.

4. (Soap Making) The process of separating soap from spent lye, as with
salt.

Grain"ing, n. (Zoˆl.) A small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus
vulgaris); - - called also dobule, and dace.

Grains (grnz), n. pl. 1. See 5th Grain, n., 2 (b).

2. Pigeon's dung used in tanning. See Grainer. n., 1.

Grain"y (grn"), a. Resembling grains; granular.

Graip (grp), n. [Perh. akin to grope, gripe.] A dungfork. [Scot.]
Burns.

Graith (grth), v. t. [Obs.] See Greith. Chaucer.

Graith, n. Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling,
war, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Gra"kle (grk"'l), n. (Zoˆl.) See Grackle.

||Gral"lÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. grallae stilts, for gradulae, fr.
||gradus. See Grade.] (Zoˆl.) An order of birds which formerly included
||all the waders. By later writers it is usually restricted to the
||sandpipers, plovers, and allied forms; -- called also Grallatores.

||Gral"la*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL. from L. grallator one who runs on
||stilts.] (Zo\94l.) See GrallÊ.

Gral`la*to"ri*al (?), Gral"la*to*ry (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to
the Grallatores, or waders.

Gral"lic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the GrallÊ.

Gral"line (ln), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the GrallÊ.

Gral"loch (?), n. Offal of a deer. -- v. t. To remove the offal from (a
deer).

-gram (?). [Gr. ? a thing drawn or written, a letter, fr. gra`fein to
draw, write. See Graphic.] A suffix indicating something drawn or
written, a drawing, writing; -- as, monogram, telegram, chronogram.

Gram (?), a. [AS. gram; akin to E. grim. &radic;35.] Angry. [Obs.]
Havelok, the Dane.

Gram, n. [Pg. gr?o grain. See Grain.] (Bot.) The East Indian name of
the chick- pea (Cicer arietinum) and its seeds; also, other similar
seeds there used for food.

Gram, Gramme (?), n. [F. gramme, from Gr. ? that which is written, a
letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See Graphic.] The unit of
weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very
nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of
pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See
Grain, n., 4.

Gram degree, or Gramme degree (Physics), a unit of heat, being the
amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure
water one degree centigrade. -- Gram equivalent (Electrolysis), that
quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen.

Gra"ma grass` (?). [Sp. grama a sort of grass.] (Bot.) The name of
several kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States,
esp. the Bouteloua oligostachya.

Gram"a*rye (?), n. [OE. gramer, grameri, gramori, grammar, magic, OF.
gramaire, F. grammaire. See Grammar.] Necromancy; magic. Sir W. Scott.

Gra*mash"es (?), n. pl. [See Gamashes.] Gaiters reaching to the knee;
leggings.

    Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth.


Sir W. Scott.

Grame (?), n. [See Gram, a.] 1. Anger; wrath; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gra*mer"cy (?), interj. [F. grand- merci. See Grand, and Mercy.] A word
formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks.

    Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight.


Spenser.

<! p. 644 !>

Gram"i*na"ceous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass.] Pertaining to, or
resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as, graminaceous plants.

Gra*min"e*al (?), a. Gramineous.

Gra*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. gramineus, fr. gramen, graminis, grass.]
(Bot.) Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See Grass, n., 2.

Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + folium leaf.]
(Bot.) Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.

Gram"i*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + vorare to eat
greedily.] Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said
of horses, cattle, and other animals.

Gram"ma*logue (grm"m*lg), n. [Gr. gra`mma letter + lo`gos word. Cf.
Logogram.] (Phonography) Literally, a letter word; a word represented
by a logogram; as, it, represented by |, that is, t. Pitman.

Gram"mar (?), n. [OE. gramere, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire Prob. fr. L.
gramatica Gr &?;, fem. of &?; skilled in grammar, fr. &?; letter. See
Gramme, Graphic, and cf. Grammatical, Gramarye.] 1. The science which
treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and
their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use
and application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing.

The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words
according to their function in the sentence. Bain.

2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to
established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a
grammar.

    The original bad grammar and bad spelling.


Macaulay.

3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the
principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.

4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar
of geography.

Comparative grammar, the science which determines the relations of
kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms.
-- Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and
Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges
or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This use of the
word is more common in England than in the United States.

    When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or
    householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master
    thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted
    for the University.


Mass. Records (1647).

(b) In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate
grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the
principles of English grammar are taught.

Gram"mar, v. i. To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use
grammar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Gram*ma"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. grammairien.] 1. One versed in grammar,
or the construction of languages; a philologist.

"The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable
distinction for all who were considered learned in any art or faculty
whatever." Brande & C.

2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.

Gram*ma"ri*an*ism (?), n. The principles, practices, or peculiarities
of grammarians. [R.]

Gram"mar*less (?), a. Without grammar.

Gram"mates (?), n. pl. [From Gr. &?; letters, written rules.]
Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar. [Obs.] Ford.

Gram*mat"ic (?), a. Grammatical.

Gram*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. grammaticus, grammaticalis; Gr. &?; skilled
in grammar, knowing one's letters, from &?; a letter: cf. F.
grammatical. See Grammar.] 1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the
nature of grammar; as, a grammatical rule.

2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the
sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical.

--Gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Gram*mat"ic*al*ness, n.

Gram*mat"icas"ter (?), n. [LL.] A petty grammarian; a grammatical
pedant or pretender.

    My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster.


B. Jonson.

Gram*mat"i*ca"tion (?), n. A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule.
[Obs.] Dalgarno.

Gram*mat"i*cism (?), n. A point or principle of grammar. Abp. Leighton.

Gram*mat"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grammaticized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Grammaticizing (?).] To render grammatical. Fuller.

Gram"ma*tist (?), n. [L. grammatista schoolmaster, Gr. &?;, from &?; to
teach the letters, to be a scribe: cf. F. grammatiste. See
Grammatical.] A petty grammarian. [R] Tooke.

Gramme (?), n. Same as Gram the weight.

Gramme" ma*chine" (?). (Elec.) A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so
named from its French inventor, M. Gramme. Knight.

Gram"pus (?), n.; pl. Grampuses (#). [Probably corrupted from It. gran
pesce great fish, or Sp. gran pez, or Pg. gran peixe, all fr. L.
grandis piscis. See Grand, and Fish. the animal.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A toothed
delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp. G. griseus of Europe
and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to
twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also
cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii.

2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.]

{ Gra*nade" (?), Gra*na"do (?), } n. See Grenade.

||Gran`a*dil"la (?), n. [Sp., dim. of granada pomegranate. See Grenade,
||Garnet.] (Bot.) The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp.
||Passiflora quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is
||as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of
||Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring ices.

Gran"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Granaries (#). [L. granarium, fr. granum grain.
See Garner.] A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is
thrashed or husked; a cornhouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in
grain.

    The exhaustless granary of a world.


Thomson.

Gran"ate (?), n. See Garnet.

Gra*na"tin (?), n. [L. granatum the pomegranate.] (Chem.) Mannite; --
so called because found in the pomegranate.

Gran"a*tite (?), n. See Staurolite.

Grand (?), a. [Compar. Grander (?); superl. Grandest.] [OE. grant,
grount, OF. grant, F. grand, fr. L. grandis; perh. akin to gravis
heavy, E. grave, a. Cf. Grandee.] 1. Of large size or extent; great;
extensive; hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a
grand mountain; a grand army; a grand mistake. "Our grand foe, Satan."
Milton.

    Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand commission.


Shak.

2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression;
illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic, splendid,
magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a grand monarch; a grand
lord; a grand general; a grand view; a grand conception.

    They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached masters
    of the grand style.


M. Arnold.

3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other
persons or things of the same name; as, a grand lodge; a grand vizier;
a grand piano, etc.

4. Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or
descent; -- generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson,
grandchild, etc.

    What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, Favor'd of
    Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator.


Milton.

Grand action, a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which
special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in
striking and leaving the string. -- Grand Army of the Republic, an
organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or
navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has chapters,
called Posts, throughout the country. -- Grand cross. (a) The highest
rank of knighthood in the Order of the Bath. (b) A knight grand cross.
-- Grand cordon, the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the
highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds
that grade. -- Grand days (Eng. Law), certain days in the terms which
are observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas,
Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also Dies
non juridici. -- Grand duchess. (a) The wife or widow of a grand duke.
(b) A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. (c) In
Russia, a daughter of the Czar. -- Grand duke. (a) A sovereign duke,
inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. (b) In
Russia, a son of the Czar. (c) (Zoˆl.) The European great horned owl or
eagle owl (Bubo maximas). -- Grand- guard, or Grandegarde, a piece of
plate armor used in tournaments as an extra protection for the left
shoulder and breast. -- Grand juror, a member of a grand jury. -- Grand
jury (Law), a jury of not less than twelve men, and not more than
twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private session, to examine into
accusations against persons charged with crime, and if they see just
cause, then to find bills of indictment against them, to be presented
to the court; -- called also grand inquest. -- Grand juryman, a grand
juror. -- Grand larceny. (Law) See under Larceny. -- Grand lodge, the
chief lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret
orders. -- Grand master. (a) The head of one of the military orders of
knighthood, as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc. (b) The head of the
order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc. -- Grand paunch, a
glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] Holland. -- Grand pensionary. See under
Pensionary. -- Grand piano (Mus.), a large piano, usually harp-shaped,
in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the
power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective
manner, regardless of the size of the instrument. -- Grand relief
(Sculp.), alto relievo. -- Grand Seignior. See under Seignior. -- Grand
stand, the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a, race
course, etc. -- Grand vicar (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an
ecclesiastical delegate in France. -- Grand vizier. See under Vizier.

Syn. -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately;
august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble. -- Grand, Magnificent, Sublime.
Grand, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that which
expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent is
applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; sublime
describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is grand; a
rich and varied landscape is magnificent; an overhanging precipice is
sublime. "Grandeur admits of degrees and modifications; but
magnificence is that which has already reached the highest degree of
superiority naturally belonging to the object in question." Crabb.

Gran"dam (?), n. [F. grande, fem. of grand + dame. See Grand, and
Dame.] An old woman; specifically, a grandmother. Shak.

Grand"aunt" (?), n. [Cf. F. grand'tante.] The aunt of one's father or
mother.

Grand"child" (?), n. A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second
degree of descent.

Grand"daugh"ter (?), n. The daughter of one's son or daughter.

Grand"-du"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a grand duke. H. James.

Gran*dee" (?), n. [Sp. grande. See Grand.] A man of elevated rank or
station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may be
covered in the king's presence.

Gran*dee"ship, n. The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship. H.
Swinburne.

Gran"deur (?), n. [F., fr. grand. See Grand.] The state or quality of
being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness;
sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of
action.

    Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury . . . allure
    mine eye.


Milton.

Syn. -- Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See
Sublimity.

Gran*dev"i*ty (?), n. [L. grandaevitas.] Great age; long life. [Obs.]
Glanvill.

Gran*de"vous (?), a. [L. grandaevus; grandig grand+ aevum lifetime,
age.] Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] Bailey.

Grand"fa"ther (?), n. A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the
next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent.

Grandfather longlegs. (Zoˆl.) See Daddy longlegs.

Grand"fa"ther*ly, a. Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind;
benignant; indulgent.

    He was a grandfatherly sort of personage.


Hawthorne.

Gran*dif"ic (?), a. [L. grandificus; grandis grand + facere to make.]
Making great. [R.] Bailey.

Gran*dil"o*quence (?), n. The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast;
-- usually in a bad sense.

    The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking.


Thackeray,

Gran*dil"o*quent (?), a. [L. grandis grand + logui to speak.] Speaking
in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.

Gran*dil"o*quous (?), a. [L. grandiloquus; grandis grand + loqui to
apeak.] Grandiloquent.

Gran"di*nous (?), a. [L. grandinosus, fr. qrando, grandinis, hail.]
Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] Bailey.

Gran"di*ose" (?), a. [F. grandiose, It. grandioso. See Grand.] 1.
Impressive or elevating in effect; imposing; splendid; striking; -- in
a good sense.

    The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not
    to impair the grandiose effect of the whole.


M. Arnold.

    The grandiose red tulips which grow wild.


C. Kingsley.

2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting;
turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense; as, a grandiose style.

Gran"di*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. grandiositÈ, It. grandiosit‡.] The
state or quality of being grandiose,

Grand"i*ty (?), n. [L. granditas: cf. OF. granitÈ. See Grand.]
Grandness. [Obs.] Camden.

Grand"ly, adv. In a grand manner.

{ Grand"ma" (?), Grand"mam*ma" (?), } n. A grandmother.

Grand" mer"cy (?). See Gramercy. [Obs.]

Grand"moth"er (?), n. The mother of one's father or mother.

Grand"moth"er*ly, a. Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind;
indulgent.

Grand"neph"ew (?), n. The grandson of one's brother or sister.

Grand"ness, n. Grandeur. Wollaston.

Grand"niece" (?), n. The granddaughter of one's brother or sister.

{ Grand"pa" (?), Grand"pa*pa" (?), } n. A grandfather.

Grand"sire" (?), n. [OF. grantsire. See Grand, and Sire.] Specifically,
a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.

Grand"son" (?), n. A son's or daughter's son.

Grand"un"cle (?), n. [Cf. F. grand- oncle.] A father's or mother's
uncle.

Grane (?), v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]

Grange (?), n. [F. grange barn, LL. granea, from L. granum grain. See
Grain a kernel.] 1. A building for storing grain; a granary. [Obs.]
Milton.

2. A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming
purposes.

    And eke an officer out for to ride, To see her granges and her
    bernes wide.


Chaucer.

    Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking maid.


Tennyson.

3. A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in
grain, were deposited. [Obs.]

4. A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from neighbors.

5. An association of farmers, designed to further their interests, and
particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and
manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention
of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867. [U.
S.]

Gran"ger (?), n. 1. A farm steward. [Obs.]

2. A member of a grange. [U. S.]

Gran"ger*ism (?), n. [So called from the Rev. James Granger, whose
"Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for
illustration in this manner.] The practice of illustrating a particular
book by engravings collected from other books.

Gran"ger*ite (?), n. One who collects illustrations from various books
for the decoration of one book.

Gran"ger*ize (?), v. t. & i. To collect (illustrations from books) for
decoration of other books. G. A. Sala.

Gra*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. qranifer; granum grain + ferre to bear: cf.
F. granifËre.] Bearing grain, or seeds like grain. Humble.

Gran"i*form (?), a. [L. granum grain + -form; cf. F. graniforme.]
Formed like of corn.

||Gra*nil"la (?), n. [Sp., small seed.] Small grains or dust of
||cochineal or the coccus insect.

Gran"ite (?), n. [It. granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of granire
to make grainy, fr. L. granum grain; cf. F. granit. See Grain.] (Geol.)
A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica,
and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It differs from
gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefore in being
destitute of a schistose structure.

Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also the Note under
Mica.

<! p. 645 !>

Gneissoid granite, granite in which the mica has traces of a regular
arrangement. -- Graphic granite, granite consisting of quartz and
feldspar without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in
the transverse section like oriental characters. -- Porphyritic
granite, granite containing feldspar in distinct crystals. --
Hornblende granite, or Syenitic granite, granite containing hornblende
as well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende replacing
the mica. -- Granite ware. (a) A kind of stoneware. (b) A Kind of
ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite.

Gran"ite State. New Hampshire; -- a nickname alluding to its mountains,
which are chiefly of granite. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Gra*nit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. granitique.] 1. Like granite in composition,
color, etc.; having the nature of granite; as, granitic texture.

2. Consisting of granite; as, granitic mountains.

Gra*nit"ic*al (?), a. Granitic.

Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Granite + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make.
See - fy.] The act or the process of forming into granite. Humble.

Gra*nit"i*form (?), a. [Granite + -form.] (Geol.) Resembling granite in
structure or shape.

Gran"i*toid (?), a. [Granite + -oid: cf. F. granitoÔde.] Resembling
granite in granular appearance; as, granitoid gneiss; a granitoid
pavement.

Gra*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. granum grain + vorare to devour: cf. F.
granivore.] Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as,
granivorous birds. Gay.

Gran"nam (?), n. A grandam. [Colloq.]

Gran"ny (?), n. A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman.

Granny's bend, or Granny's knot (Naut.), a kind of insecure knot or
hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.

Gran`o*lith"ic (?), n. [L. granum a grain (or E. granite) + -lith +
-ic.] A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.

Grant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granted; p. pr. & vb. n. Granting.] [OE.
graunten, granten, OF. graanter, craanter, creanter, to promise, yield,
LL. creantare to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare to make
believe, fr. L. credens, p. pr. of credere to believe. See Creed,
Credit.] 1. To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession
or title of; to convey; -- usually in answer to petition.

    Grant me the place of this threshing floor.


1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.

2. To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in
answer to prayer or request; to give.

    Wherefore did God grant me my request.


Milton.

3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield
belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.

    Grant that the Fates have firmed by their decree.


Dryden.

Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow;
concede. See Give.

Grant, v. i. To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grant, n. [OE. grant, graunt, OF. graant, creant, promise, assurance.
See Grant, v. t.] 1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring;
concession; allowance; permission.

2. The yielding or admission of something in dispute.

3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.

4. (Law) A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au
appropriation or conveyance made by the government; as, a grant of land
or of money; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is made.

Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically applied to
transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant estates, and letters
patent from government and such is its present application in some of
the United States. But now, in England the usual mode of transferring
realty is by grant; and so, in some of the United States, the term
grant is applied to conveyances of every kind of real property.
Bouvier. Burrill.

Grant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being granted.

Gran*tee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a grant or conveyance is
made.

    His grace will not survive the poor grantee he despises.


Burke.

Grant"er (?), n. One who grants.

Grant"or (?), n. (Law) The person by whom a grant or conveyance is
made.

Gran"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. granulaire. See Granule.] Consisting of, or
resembling, grains; as, a granular substance.

Granular limestone, crystalline limestone, or marble, having a granular
structure.

Gran"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a granular form.

Gran"u*la*ry (?), a. Granular.

Gran"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Granulating (?).] [See Granule.] 1. To form into grains or small
masses; as, to granulate powder, sugar, or metal.

2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the
surface.

Gran"u*late, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains; as, cane juice
granulates into sugar.

{ Gran"u*late (?), Gran"u*la`ted (?), } a. 1. Consisting of, or
resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular; as, granulated
sugar.

2. Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen.

Granulated steel, a variety of steel made by a particular process
beginning with the granulation of pig iron.

Gran`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. granulation.] 1. The act or process of
forming or crystallizing into grains; as, the granulation of powder and
sugar.

2. The state of being granulated.

3. (Med.) (a) One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form
on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient
agents in the process of healing. (b) The act or process of the
formation of such prominences.

Gran"ule (?), n. [L. granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf. F. granule.
See Grain a kernel.] A little grain a small particle; a pellet.

Gran`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Granule + -ferous.] Full of granulations.

Gra*nu"li*form (?), a. [Granule + -form.] (Min.) Having a granular
structure; granular; as, granuliform limestone.

Gran"u*lite (?), n. [From Granule.] (Geol.) A whitish, granular rock,
consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; -- sometimes called
whitestone, and leptynite.

Gran"u*lose` (?), n. [From Granule.] (Physiol. Chem.) The main
constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction from the
framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored blue by iodine,
and is converted into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and amylolytic
ferments.

Gran"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. granuleux.] Full of grains; abounding with
granular substances; granular.

Grape (?), n. [OF. grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes, F. grappe,
akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G. krapfen,
akin to E. cramp. The sense seems to have come from the idea of
clutching. Cf. Agraffe, Cramp, Grapnel, Grapple.] 1. (Bot.) A
well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the
grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are
cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and
raisins.

2. (Bot.) The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.

3. (Man.) A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.

4. (Mil.) Grapeshot.

Grape borer. (Zoˆl.) See Vine borer. -- Grape curculio (Zoˆl.), a
minute black weevil (Craponius inÊqualis) which in the larval state
eats the interior of grapes. -- Grape flower, or Grape hyacinth (Bot.),
a liliaceous plant (Muscari racemosum) with small blue globular flowers
in a dense raceme. -- Grape fungus (Bot.), a fungus (Oidium Tuckeri) on
grapevines; vine mildew. -- Grape hopper (Zoˆl.), a small yellow and
red hemipterous insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the
grapevine. -- Grape moth (Zoˆl.), a small moth (Eudemis botrana), which
in the larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them
together with silk. -- Grape of a cannon, the cascabel or knob at the
breech. -- Grape sugar. See Glucose. -- Grape worm (Zoˆl.), the larva
of the grape moth. -- Sour grapes, things which persons affect to
despise because they can not possess them; -- in allusion to ∆sop's
fable of the fox and the grapes.

Grape" fruit`. The shaddock.

Grape"less, a. Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.

Grap"er*y (?), n. A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of
grapes.

Grape"shot` (?), n. (Mil.) A cluster, usually nine in number, of small
iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top
and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to
be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in
canvas bags.

Grape"stone` (?), n. A seed of the grape.

Grape"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus
Vitis, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the
fruit called grapes.

The common grapevine of the Old World is Vitis vinifera, and is a
native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless
grapes commonly called Zante currants. The northern Fox grape of the
United States is the V. Labrusca, from which, by cultivation, has come
the Isabella variety. The southern Fox grape, or Muscadine, is the V.
vulpina. The Frost grape is V. cordifolia, which has very fragrant
flowers, and ripens after the early frosts.

-graph (-grf) [From Gr. gra`fein to write. See Graphic.] A suffix
signifying something written, a writing; also, a writer; as autograph,
crystograph, telegraph, photograph.

{ Graph"ic (grf"k), Graph"ic*al (-*kal) }, a. [L. graphicus, Gr.
grafiko`s, fr. gra`fein to write; cf. F. graphique. See Graft.] 1. Of
or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.

2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing.

3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines.

    The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not
    graphical, or composed of letters.


Sir T. Browne.

4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.

5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive
description; vivid; as, a graphic writer.

Graphic algebra, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of
equations are treated by the use of curves and straight lines. --
Graphic arts, a name given to those fine arts which pertain to the
representation on a flat surface of natural objects; as distinguished
from music, etc., and also from sculpture. -- Graphic formula. (Chem.)
See under Formula. -- Graphic granite. See under Granite. -- Graphic
method, the method of scientific analysis or investigation, in which
the relations or laws involved in tabular numbers are represented to
the eye by means of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of
weather by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours
of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of temperature.
-- Graphical statics (Math.), a branch of statics, in which the
magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by
straight lines -- Graphic tellurium. See Sylvanite.>

Graph"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a graphic manner; vividly.

{ Graph"ic*ness, Graph"ic*al*ness, } n. The quality or state of being
graphic.

Graph"ics (?), n. The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing
according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the
like.

Graph"i*scope (?), n. See Graphoscope.

Graph"ite (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write: cf. F. graphite. See
Graphic.] (Min.) Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or
granular massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so soft as to
leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called lead
pencils), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. Often called
plumbago or black lead.

Graphite battery (Elec.), a voltaic battery consisting of zinc and
carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting liquid.

Gra*phit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or
resembling, graphite.

Graphitic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, so called because obtained by
the oxidation of graphite; -- usually called mellitic acid. --
Graphitic carbon, in iron or steel, that portion of the carbon which is
present as graphite. Raymond.

{ Graph"i*toid (?), Graph"i*toid"al (?), } a. Resembling graphite or
plumbago.

Graph"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -lite: cf. F.
grapholithe.] Any species of slate suitable to be written on.

Gra*phol"o*gy (gr*fl"*j), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + - logy: cf. F.
graphologie.] The art of judging of a person's character, disposition,
and aptitude from his handwriting.

Graph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -scope.] An optical
instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having
one large lens and two smaller ones.

Graph"o*type (?), n. [Gr. gra`fein to write + -type.] (Engraving) A
process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can
be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a
smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in
a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The
surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in
relief.

-gra*phy (?). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; write. See Graphic.] A suffix denoting
the art of writing or describing; also, the writing or description
itself; a treatise; as, calligraphy, biography, geography.

Grap"nel (?), n. [OE. grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the grapple of a
ship; of German origin. See Grape.] (Naut.) A small anchor, with four
or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence,
any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab;
-- written also grapline, and crapnel.

Grap"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grappled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grappling (?).] [F. grappiller, OF. graypil the grapple of a ship, fr.
graper to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See Grape.]
1. To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to
grapple an antagonist.

2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly.

    The gallies were grappled to the Centurion.


Hakluyt.

    Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel.


Shak.

Grap"ple, v. i. To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach
one's self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one
another.

To grapple with, to enter into contest with, resolutely and
courageously.

    And in my standard bear the arms of York, To grapple with the house
    of Lancaster.


Shak.

Grap"ple, n. [See Grapple, v. t., and cf. Crapple.] 1. A seizing or
seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold. Milton.

2. (a) An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and
holding fast to an object; a grab. (b) (Naut.) A grappling iron.

    The iron hooks and grapples keen.


Spenser.

Grapple plant (Bot.), a South African herb (Herpagophytum leptocarpum)
having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by
which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance. -- Grapple shot
(Life-saving Service), a projectile, to which are attached hinged claws
to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; - - called also
anchor shot.

Grapple*ment (?), n. A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.]
Spenser.

<! p. 646 !>

Grap"pling (?), n. 1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which
anything is seized and held, a grapnel.

2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling for
the bear. Dryden.

Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a
vessel or other object. -- Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for
gathering oysters.

Grap"soid (?), a. [NL. Grapsus + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the
genus Grapsus or the family GrapsidÊ. -- n. A grapsoid crab.

Grap"to*lite (?), n. [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. &?; is engraved,
written (gra`fein to write) + &?; stone.] (Paleon.) One of numerous
species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus Graptolites and
allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks. They belong to an extinct
group (Graptolithina) supposed to be hydroids.

Grap"to*lit`ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing
graptolites; as, a graptolitic slate.

Grap"y (?), a. Composed of, or resembling, grapes.

    The grapy clusters.


Addison.

Grasp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grasper (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Qraspine.]
[OE. graspen; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab,
Grope.] 1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers
or arms; to catch to take possession of.

    Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff.


Shak.

2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or
conversant with; to comprehend.

Grasp, v. i. To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to
clutch; to struggle; to strive.

    As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by strength
    subdued.


Shak.

To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at
universal empire,

Grasp, n. 1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or
infolding in the arms. "The grasps of love." Shak.

2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as, it
was beyond his grasp.

3. Forcible possession; hold.

    The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp.


Shak.

4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold
them under survey.

    The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of
    grasp, equal to their predecessors.


Z. Taylor.

5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.

Grasp"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being grasped.

Grasp"er (?), n. One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.

Grasp"ing, a. 1. Seizing; embracing; catching.

2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as, he is a
grasping man. -- Grasp"ing*ly, adv. -- Grasp"ing*ness, n.

Grasp"less, a. Without a grasp; relaxed.

    From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls.


Coleridge.

Grass (?), n. [OE. gras, gres, gers, AS, grÊs, gÊrs; akin to OFries.
gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras, Dan. grÊs, Sw. gr‰s, and
prob. to E. green, grow. Cf. Graze.] 1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants
which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture.

2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally
jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed single.

This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and excludes
clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of
grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.

3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.]

    Two years old next grass.


Latham.

4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory.

    Surely the people is grass.


Is. xl. 7.

The following list includes most of the grasses of the United States of
special interest, except cereals. Many of these terms will be found
with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix.

Barnyard grass, for hay. South. Panicum Grus- galli.

Bent, pasture and hay. Agrostis, several species.

Bermuda grass, pasture. South. Cynodon Dactylon.

Black bent. Same as Switch grass (below).

Blue bent, hay. North and West. Andropogon provincialis.

Blue grass, pasture. Poa compressa.

Blue joint, hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum glaucum.

Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. (a) BuchloÎ dectyloides. (b)
Same as Grama grass (below).

Bunch grass, grazing. Far West. Eriocoma, Festuca, Stips, etc.

Chess, or Cheat, a weed. Bromus secalinus, etc.

Couch grass. Same as Quick grass (below).

Crab grass, (a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. Panicum sanguinale.
(b) Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica.

Darnel (a) Bearded, a noxious weed. Lolium temulentum. (b) Common. Same
as Rye grass (below).

Drop seed, fair for forage and hay. Muhlenbergia, several species.

English grass. Same as Redtop (below).

Fowl meadow grass. (a) Pasture and hay. Poa serotina. (b) Hay, on moist
land. Gryceria nervata.

Gama grass, cut fodder. South. Tripsacum dactyloides.

Grama grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope. Bouteloua oligostachya,
etc.

Great bunch grass, pasture and hay. Far West. Festuca scabrella.

Guinea grass, hay. South. Panicum jumentorum.

Herd's grass, in New England Timothy, in Pennsylvania and South Redtop.

Indian grass. Same as Wood grass (below).

Italian rye grass, forage and hay. Lolium Italicum.

Johnson grass, grazing and hay. South and Southwest. Sorghum Halepense.

Kentucky blue grass, pasture. Poa pratensis.

Lyme grass, coarse hay. South. Elymus, several species.

Manna grass, pasture and hay. Glyceria, several species.

Meadow fescue, pasture and hay. Festuca elatior.

Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North. Alopecurus pratensis.

Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Poa, several species.

Mesquite, or Muskit grass. Same as Grama grass (above).

Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed. Muhlenbergia diffsa.

Orchard grass, pasture and hay. Dactylis glomerata.

Porcupine grass, troublesome to sheep. Northwest. Stipa spartea.

Quaking grass, ornamental. Briza media and maxima.

Quitch, or Quick, grass, etc., a weed. Agropyrum repens.

Ray grass. Same as Rye grass (below).

Redtop, pasture and hay. Agrostis vulgaris.

Red-topped buffalo grass, forage. Northwest. Poa tenuifolia.

Reed canary grass, of slight value. Phalaris arundinacea.

Reed meadow grass, hay. North. Glyceria aquatica.

Ribbon grass, a striped leaved form of Reed canary grass.

Rye grass, pasture, hay. Lolium perenne, var.

Seneca grass, fragrant basket work, etc. North. Hierochloa borealis.

Sesame grass. Same as Gama grass (above).

Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native in Northern Europe and Asia.
Festuca ovina.

Small reed grass, meadow pasture and hay. North. Deyeuxia Canadensis.

Spear grass, Same as Meadow grass (above).

Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals. Seacoast and Northwest.
Hordeum jubatum.

Switch grass, hay, cut young. Panicum virgatum.

Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North. Phleum pratense.

Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. Holcus lanatus.

Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Anthoxanthum odoratum.

Wire grass, valuable in pastures. Poa compressa.

Wood grass, Indian grass, hay. Chrysopogon nutans.

Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not true grasses
botanically considered, such as black grass, goose grass, star grass,
etc.

Black grass, a kind of small rush (Juncus Gerardi), growing in salt
marshes, used for making salt hay. -- Grass of the Andes, an oat grass,
the Arrhenatherum avenaceum of Europe.-- Grass of Parnassus, a plant of
the genus Parnassia growing in wet ground. The European species is P.
palustris; in the United States there are several species. -- Grass
bass (Zoˆl.), the calico bass. -- Grass bird, the dunlin. -- Grass
cloth, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-cloth plant. --
Grass-cloth plant, a perennial herb of the Nettle family (Búhmeria
nivea or Urtica nivea), which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose
inner bark has fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes. --
Grass finch. (Zoˆl.) (a) A common American sparrow (PoˆcÊtes
gramineus); -- called also vesper sparrow and bay-winged bunting. (b)
Any Australian finch, of the genus PoÎphila, of which several species
are known. -- Grass lamb, a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture
land and giving rich milk.-- Grass land, land kept in grass and not
tilled. -- Grass moth (Zoˆl.), one of many small moths of the genus
Crambus, found in grass. -- Grass oil, a fragrant essential volatile
oil, obtained in India from grasses of the genus Andropogon, etc.; --
used in perfumery under the name of citronella, ginger grass oil, lemon
grass oil, essence of verbena etc. -- Grass owl (Zoˆl.), a South
African owl (Strix Capensis). -- Grass parrakeet (Zoˆl.), any of
several species of Australian parrots, of the genus Euphemia; -- also
applied to the zebra parrakeet. -- Grass plover (Zoˆl.), the upland or
field plover. -- Grass poly (Bot.), a species of willowwort (Lythrum
Hyssopifolia). Johnson. -- Crass quit (Zoˆl.), one of several tropical
American finches of the genus Euetheia. The males have most of the head
and chest black and often marked with yellow. -- Grass snake. (Zoˆl.)
(a) The common English, or ringed, snake (Tropidonotus natrix). (b) The
common green snake of the Northern United States. See Green snake,
under Green. -- Grass snipe (Zoˆl.), the pectoral sandpiper (Tringa
maculata); -- called also jacksnipe in America. -- Grass spider
(Zoˆl.), a common spider (Agelena nÊvia), which spins flat webs on
grass, conspicuous when covered with dew. -- Grass sponge (Zoˆl.), an
inferior kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas. --
Grass table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Grass vetch
(Bot.), a vetch (Lathyrus Nissolia), with narrow grasslike leaves. --
Grass widow. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G. strohwittwe a mock
widow, Sw. gr‰senka a grass widow.] (a) An unmarried woman who is a
mother. [Obs.] (b) A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or
prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her husband. [Slang.] --
Grass wrack (Bot.) eelgrass. -- To bring to grass (Mining.), to raise,
as ore, to the surface of the ground. -- To put to grass, To put out to
grass, to put out to graze a season, as cattle.

Grass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grassing.]
1. To cover with grass or with turf.

2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.

3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a fish.
[Colloq.]

Grass (?), v. i. To produce grass. [R.] Tusser.

Gras*sa"tion (?), n. [L. grassatio, from grassari to go about.] A
wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting. [Obs. & R.] Feltham.

Grass"-green` (?), a. 1. Green with grass.

2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.

Grass"-grown` (?), a. Overgrown with grass; as, a grass-grown road.

Grass"hop`per (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of
the families AcrididÊ and LocustidÊ. The species and genera are very
numerous. The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust
(Caloptenus spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the
region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the
red-legged (Caloptenus femurrubrum and C. atlanis) are closely related
species, but their ravages are less important. They are closely related
to the migratory locusts of the Old World. See Locust.

The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the LocustidÊ. They have
long antennÊ, large ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of
the wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper (Locusta
viridissima) belongs to this family. The common American green species
mostly belong to Xiphidium, Orchelimum, and Conocephalus.

2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement
lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the
key; -- called also the hopper. Grove.

Grasshopper engine, a steam engine having a working beam with its
fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the
connecting rod at an intermediate point. -- Grasshopper lobster (Zoˆl.)
a young lobster. [Local, U. S.] -- Grasshopper warbler (Zoˆl.), cricket
bird.

Grass"i*ness (?), n. [From Grassy.] The state of abounding with grass;
a grassy state.

Grass"less, a. Destitute of grass.

Grass"plot` (?), n. A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn. "Here
on this grassplot." Shak.

Grass" tree" (?). (Bot.) (a) An Australian plant of the genus
Xanthorrhúa, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of
pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long
stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like
a large cat-tail. These plants are often called "blackboys" from the
large trunks denuded and blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of
fragrant resin, called Botany-bay gum, and Gum Acaroides. (b) A similar
Australian plant (Kingia australis).

Grass"y (?) a. 1. Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a
grassy lawn. Spenser.

2. Resembling grass; green.

Grate (?), a. [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See
Grace, and cf. Agree.] Serving to gratify; agreeable. [Obs.] Sir T.
Herbert.

Grate, n. [LL. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same
origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.] 1. A structure or frame containing parallel
or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is
used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters. "A secret grate of iron
bars." Shak.

2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel
while burning.

Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface of the grate upon
which the fuel lies in the furnace.

Grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grated; p. pr. &. vb. n. Grating.] To
furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; as, to
grate a window.

Grate, v. t. [OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL. gratare,
cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazzn G. kratzen, D. krassen, Sw.
Kratta, and perh. E. scratch.] 1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one
body against another, causing a harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth; to
produce (a harsh sound) by rubbing.

    On their hinges grate Harsh thunder.


Milton.

2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or
indented; as, to grate a nutmeg.

3. To fret; to irritate; to offend.

    News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me.


Shak.

Grate, v. i. 1. To make a harsh sound by friction.

    I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry wheel grate on
    the exletree.


Shak.

2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to
cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation,
soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity.

    This grated harder upon the hearts of men.


South.

! p. 647 this page badly done -- in need of careful proofing !>

Grat"ed (?), a. [From 2d Grate.] Furnished with a grate or grating; as,
grated windows.

Grate"ful (?), a. [Grate, a. + full; cf. F. grÈ thanks, good will, fr.
L. gratum, neut. of gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] 1.
Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one
from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay,
or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful heart.

    A grateful mind By owing, owes not, but still pays.


Milton.

2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious;
as, a grateful present; food grateful to the palate; grateful sleep.

    Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine, And grateful clusters
    swell.


Pope.

Syn. -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; welcome;
delightful; delicious.

-- Grate"ful*ly, adv. -- Grate"ful*ness, n.

Grat"er (?), a. [From Qrate, v.] One who, or that which, grates;
especially, an instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface,
for rubbing off small particles of any substance; as a grater for
nutmegs.

Gra*tic"u*la"tion (?), n. [F. graticulation, craticulation, fr.
graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr. graticule, craticule, graticule,
L. craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See 2d Grate.] The division of
a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce
it in larger or smaller dimensions.

Grat"i*cule (?), n. [F. See Graticulation.] A design or draught which
has been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other
dimensions.

Grat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.] 1.
The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the
appetite; as, the gratification of the palate, of the appetites, of the
senses, of the desires, of the heart.

2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition:
delight.

3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. Bp. Morton.

Grat"i*fied (?), a. Pleased; indulged according to desire.

Syn. -- Glad; pleased. See Glad.

Grat"i*fi"er (?), n. One who gratifies or pleases.

Grat"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gratified (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gratifying (#).] [F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus pleasing +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] 1. To please; to give pleasure
to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge; as, to gratify the taste, the
appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc.

    For who would die to gratify a foe?


Dryden.

2. To requite; to recompense. [Obs.]

    It remains . . . To gratify his noble service.


Shak.

Syn. -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense. -- To
Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has
reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person
implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which
he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To humor
is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of
others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a large city;
we indulge him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we humor him
when he is tired and exacting.

Grat"ing (?), n. [See 2d Grate.] 1. A partition, covering, or frame of
parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; as,
the grating of a prison or convent.

2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or
bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing
spectra by diffraction; -- called also diffraction grating.

3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch,
admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the flooring
of boats. [1913 Webster]

Grat"ing, a. [See Grate to rub harshy.] That grates; making a harsh
sound; harsh. -- Grat"ing*ly, adv.

Grat"ing, n. A harsh sound caused by attrition.

Gra*ti"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) One of the essential principles of the
hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis).

Gra"tis (?), adv. [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness,
without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See Grace.] For
nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.

Grat"i*tude (?), n. [F. gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from gratus
agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] The state of being grateful; warm
and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor
received; thankfulness.

    The debt immense of endless gratitude.


Milton.

Gra*tu"i*tous (?) a. [L. gratuitus, from gratus pleasing. See Grate,
a., Gratis.] 1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred
without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim
or merit; not required by justice.

    We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our
    own industry.


L'Estrange.

2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or
proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; as, a gratuitous
assumption.

    Acts of gratuitous self- humiliation.


De Quincye.

-- Gra*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Gra*tu"i*tous*ness, n.

Gra*tu"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gratuities (#). [F. gratuitÈ, or LL.
gratuitas.] 1. Something given freely or without recompense; a free
gift; a present. Swift.

2. Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a
recompense or acknowledgment.

Grat"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grqatulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gratulating (?).] [L. gratulatus, p. p. of gratulari to congratulate,
fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a.] To salute with
declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.] Shak.

Grat"u*late (?), a. Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.]

    There's more behind that is more gratulate.


Shak.

Grat"u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gratulatio.] The act of gratulating or
felicitating; congratulation.

    I shall turn my wishes into gratulations.


South.

Grat"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. gratulatorius.] Expressing gratulation or
joy; congratulatory.

    The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes.


Bp. Horsley.

Graunt (?), v. & n. [Obs.] See Grant. Chaucer.

||Grau"wack*e (?), n. [G.] Graywacke.

||Gra*va"men (?), n.; pl. L. Gravamina  (#), E. Gravamens (#). [L., fr.
||gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave, a.]
||(Law) The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the
||action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint.
||Bouvier.

-grave (?). A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave,
margrave. See Margrave.

Grave (?), v. t. (Naut.) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles,
grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch; -- so called because graves or
greaves was formerly used for this purpose.

Grave, a. [Compar. Graver (grv"r); superl. Gravest.] [F., fr. L. gravis
heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See Grief.] 1. Of great
weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.]

    His shield grave and great.


Chapman.

2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; --
said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave deportment, character,
influence, etc.

    Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors.


Shak.

    A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity.


Milton.

3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color; a grave
face.

4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; as, a
grave note or key.

    The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.


Moore (Encyc. of Music).

(b) Slow and solemn in movement.

Grave accent. (Pron.) See the Note under Accent, n., 2.

Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful;
sedate; weighty; momentous; important. -- Grave, Sober, Serious,
Solemn. Sober supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and
is opposed to gay or flighty; as, sober thought. Serious implies
considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to jocose or sportive;
as, serious and important concerns. Grave denotes a state of mind,
appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of weighty interests,
and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity of manner; as, a
qrave remark; qrave attire. Solemn is applied to a case in which
gravity is carried to its highest point; as, a solemn admonition; a
solemn promise.

Grave, v. t. [imp. Graved (grvd); p. p. Graven (grv"'n) or Graved; p.
pr. & vb. n. Graving.] [AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave; akin to
OFries. greva, D. graven, G. graben, OHG. & Goth. graban, Dan. grabe,
Sw. gr‰fva, Icel. grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to write, E.
graphic. Cf. Grave, n., Grove, n.]

1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    He hath graven and digged up a pit.


Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer).

2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to
engrave.

    Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the
    children of Israel.


Ex. xxviii. 9.

3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to
sculpture; as, to grave an image.

    With gold men may the hearte grave.


Chaucer.

4. To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.

    O! may they graven in thy heart remain.


Prior.

5. To entomb; to bury. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    Lie full low, graved in the hollow ground.


Shak.

Grave, v. i. To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of
incised lines; to practice engraving.

Grave, n. [AS. gr?f, fr. grafan to dig; akin to D. & OS. graf, G. grab,
Icel. grˆf, Russ. grob' grave, coffin. See Grave to carve.] An
excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any place of
interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.

    He bad lain in the grave four days.


John xi. 17.

Grave wax, adipocere.

Grave"clothes` (&?;), n. pl. The clothes or dress in which the dead are
interred.

Grave"dig`ger (?), n. 1. A digger of graves.

2. (Zoˆl.) See Burying beetle, under Bury, v. t.

Grav"el (?), n. [OF. gravele, akin to F. gr?ve a sandy shore, strand;
of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. grouan gravel, W. gro coarse gravel,
pebbles, and Skr. grvan stone.] 1. Small stones, or fragments of stone;
very small pebbles, often intermixed with particles of sand.

2. (Med.) A deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and
the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a
symptom.

Gravel powder, a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder.

Grav"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graveled (?) or Gravelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Graveling or Gravelling.]

1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk.

2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to
cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.

    When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they graveled
    the ship.


Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version).

    Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be graveled;
    and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the
    ground.


Camden.

3. To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex. [Colloq.]

    When you were graveled for lack of matter.


Shak.

    The physician was so graveled and amazed withal, that he had not a
    word more to say.


Sir T. North.

4. To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and
foot.

Grave"less (?), a. Without a grave; unburied.

Grav"el*ing (?), or Grav"el*ling, n. 1. The act of covering with
gravel.

2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).

Grav"el*ing, or Grav"el*ling, n. (Zoˆl.) A salmon one or two years old,
before it has gone to sea.

Grav"el*li*ness (?), n. State of being gravelly.

Grav"el*ly (?), a. Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a
gravelly soil.

Grav"el-stone" (?), n. A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a
calculus.

Grave"ly (?), adv. In a grave manner.

Grav"en (?), p. p. of Grave, v. t. Carved.

Graven image, an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone,
etc. "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image." Ex. xx. 4.

Grave"ness, n. The quality of being grave.

    His sables and his weeds, Importing health and graveness.


Shak.

Gra"ven*stein" (?), n. [So called because it came from Gravenstein, a
place in Schleswig. Downing.] A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks
of deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.

Gra*ve"o*lence (?), n. [L. graveolentia: cf. F. gravÈolence. See
Graveolent.] A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. [R.] Bailey.

Gra*ve"o*lent (?), a. [L. graveolens; gravis heavy + olere to smell.]
Having a rank smell. [R.] Boyle.

Graver (?), n. 1. One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose
occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard
material.

2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.

Grav"er*y (?), n. The act, process, or art, of graving or carving;
engraving.

    Either of picture or gravery and embossing.


Holland.

Graves (?), n. pl. The sediment of melted tallow. Same as Greaves.

Graves"' dis*ease" (?). [So called after Dr. Graves, of Dublin.] Same
as Basedow's disease.

Grave"stone (?), n. A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave,
usually with an inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a
tombstone.

Grave"yard" (?), n. A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead;
a cemetery.

Grav"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, gravic
forces; gravic attraction. [R.]

Grav"id (?), a. [L. gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See Grave, a.]
Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a gravid
uterus; gravid piety. " His gravid associate." Sir T. Herbert.

Grav"i*da"ted (?), a. [L. gravidatus, p. p. of gravidare to load,
impregnate. See Gravid.] Made pregnant; big. [Obs.] Barrow.

Grav"i*da"tion (?), n. Gravidity. [Obs.]

Gra*vid"i*ty (?), n. [L. graviditas.] The state of being gravidated;
pregnancy. [R.]

Grav"i*grade (?), a. [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.] (Zoˆl.)
Slow-paced. -- n. One of the pachyderms.

Gra*vim"e*ter (?), n. [L. gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F. gravimËtre.]
(Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of
bodies.

Grav"i*met"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to measurement by
weight; measured by weight. -- Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly (#), adv.

Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts of the
constituents are determined by weight; -- in distinction from
volumetric analysis.

Grav"ing (?), n. [From Grave to clean.] The act of cleaning a ship's
bottom.

Graving dock. (Naut.) See under Dock.

Grav"ing, n. [From Grave to dig.] 1. The act or art of carving figures
in hard substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio.

2. That which is graved or carved. [R.]

    Skillful to . . . grave any manner of graving.


2 Chron. ii. 14.

3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart.

    New gravings upon their souls.


Eikon Basilike

Grav"i*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gravitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gravitating (?).] [Cf. F. graviter. See Gravity.] To obey the law of
gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the
influence of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any
object.

    Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies
    gravitate toward each other.


Sir W. Hamilton.

    Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the stronger party.


Macaulay.

Grav"i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gravitation. See Gravity.] 1. The act of
gravitating.

2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all bodies or
particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other; called also
attraction of gravitation, universal gravitation, and universal
gravity. See Attraction, and Weight.

Law of gravitation, that law in accordance with which gravitation acts,
namely, that every two bodies or portions of matter in the universe
attract each other with a force proportional directly to the quantity
of matter they contain, and inversely to the squares of their
distances.

Grav`i*tation*al (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the force of
gravity; as, gravitational units.

Gravi*ta*tive (?), a. Causing to gravitate; tending to a center.
Coleridge.

Grav"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gravities (#). [L. gravitas, fr. gravis heavy;
cf. F. gravitÈ. See Grave, a., Grief.] 1. The state of having weight;
beaviness; as, the gravity of lead.

2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and learning."
Shak.

! p. 648 needs proofing ##proof - especially italicized words (also in
etymologies) are not properly marked !>

3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness;
enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.

    They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of the place where
    they were uttered.


Burke.

4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of
attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the
earth; terrestrial gravitation.

5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.

Center of gravity See under Center. -- Gravity battery, See Battery,
n., 4. -- Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the
weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or
unit. This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air
for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact
that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.

Gra"vy (?), n.; pl. Gravies (#). [OE. greavie; prob. fr. greaves,
graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See Greaves.] 1. The juice or
other liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking, made into a
dressing for the food when served up.

2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc.

Gray (?), a. [Compar. Grayer (&?;); superl. Grayest.] [OE. gray, grey,
AS. grg, grg; akin to D. graauw, OHG. gro, G. grau, Dan. graa, Sw. grÂ,
Icel. grr.] [Written also grey.] 1. White mixed with black, as the
color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age;
sometimes, a dark mixed color; as, the soft gray eye of a dove.

    These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and
    blacks.


Sir I. Newton.

2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.

3. Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames.

Gray antimony (Min.), stibnite. -- Gray buck (Zoˆl.), the chickara. --
Gray cobalt (Min.), smaltite. -- Gray copper (Min.), tetrahedrite. --
Gray duck (Zoˆl.), the gadwall; also applied to the female mallard. --
Gray falcon (Zoˆl.) the peregrine falcon. -- Gray Friar. See
Franciscan, and Friar. -- Gray hen (Zoˆl.), the female of the blackcock
or black grouse. See Heath grouse. -- Gray mill or millet (Bot.), a
name of several plants of the genus Lithospermum; gromwell. -- Gray
mullet (Zoˆl.) any one of the numerous species of the genus Mugil, or
family MugilidÊ, found both in the Old World and America; as the
European species (M. capito, and M. auratus), the American striped
mullet (M. albula), and the white or silver mullet (M. Braziliensis).
See Mullet. -- Gray owl (Zoˆl.), the European tawny or brown owl
(Syrnium aluco). The great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) inhabits arctic
America. -- Gray parrot (Zoˆl.), a parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very
commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in learning to talk.
-- Gray pike. (Zoˆl.) See Sauger. -- Gray snapper (Zoˆl.), a Florida
fish; the sea lawyer. See Snapper. -- Gray snipe (Zoˆl.), the dowitcher
in winter plumage. -- Gray whale (Zoˆl.), a rather large and swift
California whale (Rhachianectes glaucus), formerly taken in large
numbers in the bays; -- called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.

Gray, n. 1. A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a
neutral or whitish tint.

2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind of
salmon.

    Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. That coats thy life, my
    gallant gray.


Sir W. Scott.

Gray"back` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The California gray whale. (b) The
redbreasted sandpiper or knot. (c) The dowitcher. (d) The body louse.

Gray"beard` (?), n. An old man. Shak.

Gray"fly` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The trumpet fly. Milton.

Gray"hound` (-hound`), n. (Zoˆl.) See Greyhound.

Gray"ish, a. Somewhat gray.

Gray"lag` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The common wild gray goose (Anser anser) of
Europe, believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See Illust.
of Goose.

Gray"ling (?), n. [From Gray, a.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A European fish (Thymallus
vulgaris), allied to the trout, but having a very broad dorsal fin; --
called also umber. It inhabits cold mountain streams, and is valued as
a game fish.

    And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling.


Tennyson.

2. (Zoˆl.) An American fish of the genus Thymallus, having similar
habits to the above; one species (T. Ontariensis), inhabits several
streams in Michigan; another (T. montanus), is found in the Yellowstone
region.

Gray"ness, n. The quality of being gray.

Gray"stone` (?), n. (Geol.) A grayish or greenish compact rock,
composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt.

Gray"wacke` (?), n. [G. grauwacke; grau gray + wacke wacke. See Gray,
and Wacke, and cf. Grauwacke.] (Geol.) A conglomerate or grit rock,
consisting of rounded pebbles and sand firmly united together.

This term, derived from the grauwacke of German miners, was formerly
applied in geology to different grits and slates of the Silurian
series; but it is now seldom used.

Graze (grz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grazed (grzd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grazing.] [OE. grasen, AS. grasian, fr. grÊs grass. See Grass.] 1. To
feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture
for.

    A field or two to graze his cows.


Swift.

2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture);
to browse.

    The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead.


Pope.

3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.

    When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep.


Shak.

4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; as, the
bullet grazed the wall.

Graze, v. i. 1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle
graze on the meadows.

2. To yield grass for grazing.

    The ground continueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to
    purpose.


Bacon.

3. To touch something lightly in passing.

Graze, n. 1. The act of grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.]

    Turning him out for a graze on the common.


T. Hughes.

2. A light touch; a slight scratch.

Graz"er (?), n. One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing
grass or herbage.

    The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want.


J. Philips.

Gra"zier (?), n. One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.

    The inhabitants be rather . . . graziers than plowmen.


Stow.

Graz"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, grazes.

2. A pasture; growing grass.

||Gra"zi*o"so (?), adv. [It., adj. See Gracious.] (Mus.) Gracefully;
||smoothly; elegantly.

Gre (?), n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]

Gre, n. See Gree, good will. [Obs.]

Grease (grs), n. [OE. grese, grece, F. graisse; akin to gras fat,
greasy, fr. LL. grassus thick, fat, gross, L. crassus. Cf. Crass.] 1.
Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft state; oily or
unctuous matter of any kind.

2. (Far.) An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the ordinary
greasy secretion of the part, and producing dryness and scurfiness,
followed by cracks, ulceration, and fungous excrescences.

Grease bush. (Bot.) Same as Grease wood (below). -- Grease moth
(Zoˆl.), a pyralid moth (Aglossa pinguinalis) whose larva eats greasy
cloth, etc. -- Grease wood (Bot.), a scraggy, stunted, and somewhat
prickly shrub (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) of the Spinach family, very
abundant in alkaline valleys from the upper Missouri to California. The
name is also applied to other plants of the same family, as several
species of Atriplex and Obione.

Grease (grz or grs; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greased (grzd or grsd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Greasing.]

1. To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to lubricate; as, to
grease the wheels of a wagon.

2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents.

    The greased advocate that grinds the poor.


Dryden.

3. To cheat or cozen; to overreach. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

4. (Far.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease.

To grease in the hand, to corrupt by bribes. Usher.

Greas"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a
person employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines,
carriages, etc.

2. A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of the lowest
type. [Low, U. S.]

Greas"i*ly (?), adv. 1. In a greasy manner.

2. In a gross or indelicate manner. [Obs.]

    You talk greasily; your lips grow foul.


Shak.

Greas"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness;
unctuousness; grossness.

Greas"y (?), a. [Compar. Greasier (&?;); superl. Greasiest.] 1.
Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; as, a greasy
dish.

2. Smeared or defiled with grease.

    With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers.


Shak.

3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is
mineral soapstone.

4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.] Shak.

5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. [Obs.] Marston.

6. (Far.) Affected with the disease called grease; as, the heels of a
horse. See Grease, n., 2.

Great (?), a. [Compar. Greater (&?;); superl. Greatest.] [OE. gret,
great, AS. gre·t; akin to OS. & LG. grt, D. groot, OHG. grz, G. gross.
Cf. Groat the coin.] 1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense;
enormous; expanded; -- opposed to small and little; as, a great house,
ship, farm, plain, distance, length.

2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series,
etc.

3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a
great while; a great interval.

4. Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to thoughts, actions,
and feelings.

5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to
accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great
hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc.

6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distinguished;
foremost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal,
etc.

    He doth object I am too great of birth.


Shak.

7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great
argument, truth, or principle.

8. Pregnant; big (with young).

    The ewes great with young.


Ps. lxxviii. 71.

9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to
use great caution; to be in great pain.

    We have all Great cause to give great thanks.


Shak.

10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation;
-- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the
direct line of descent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a
grandmother's father), great- grandson, etc.

Great bear (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major. -- Great cattle
(Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. --
Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta. -- Great circle of a sphere,
a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere. --
Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on a
great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places. --
Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of
Oxford, England; -- called also greats. T. Hughes. -- Great guns.
(Naut.) See under Gun. -- The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes
(Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the
northern borders of the United States. -- Great master. Same as Grand
master, under Grand. -- Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of
the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and
the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played
upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. -- The
great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France,
Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. -- Great primer. See under Type.
-- Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; -- employed to designate the
entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- Great sea,
the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean
seas are so called. -- Great seal. (a) The principal seal of a kingdom
or state. (b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian
of this seal); also, his office. -- Great tithes. See under Tithes. --
The great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful. -- The Great
Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief or principal
deity. -- To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with
him). Bacon.

Great (?), n. The whole; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by
the great.

Great"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a great belly; bigbellied; pregnant;
teeming. Shak.

Great"coat" (?), n. An overcoat.

Great"en (?), v. t. To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase
in size; to expand. [R.]

    A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king].


Ken.

Great"en, v. i. To become large; to dilate. [R.]

    My blue eyes greatening in the looking- glass.


Mrs. Browning.

Great"-grand"child` (?), n. The child of one's grandson or
granddaughter.

Great"-grand"daugh`ter (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A daughter of one's
grandson or granddaughter.

Great"-grand"fa`ther (?), n. [See Great, 10.] The father of one's
grandfather or grandmother.

Great"-grand"moth`er (?), n. The mother of one's grandfather or
grandmother.

Great"-grand"son` (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A son of one's grandson or
granddaughter.

Great"-heart`ed (?), a. 1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] Clarendon.

2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.

Great"-heart`ed*ness, n. The quality of being greathearted;
high-mindedness; magnanimity.

Great"ly, adv. 1. In a great degree; much.

    I will greatly multiply thy sorrow.


Gen. iii. 16.

2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously.

    By a high fate thou greatly didst expire.


Dryden.

Great"ness, n. [AS. gre·tnes.] 1. The state, condition, or quality of
being great; as, greatness of size, greatness of mind, power, etc.

2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]

    It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your
    ships.


Bacon.

Greave (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Spenser.

Greave, n. [OF. grees; cf. Sp. grevas.] Armor for the leg below the
knee; -- usually in the plural.

Greave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greaved (grvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greaving.]
[From Greaves.] (Naut.) To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave.

Greaves (grvz), n. pl. [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG. greven, G.
griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.] The sediment of melted tallow.
It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is called
cracklings. [Written also graves.]

Grebe (grb), n. [F. grËbe, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to kriben crest,
W. crib comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one
species.] (Zoˆl.) One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus
Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), and allied genera, found in the northern
parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and
lobate toes.

Gre"cian" (?), a. [Cf. Greek.] Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek.

Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper
part being inclined forward. [Collog.] -- Grecian fire. See Greek fire,
under Greek.

Gre"cian, n. 1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.

2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1.

The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized Version of the New
Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version.

6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De
Quincey.

Gre"cism (?), n. [Cf. F. grÈcisme.] An idiom of the Greek language; a
Hellenism. Addison.

! p. 649 most of page has no marks in etymology or in "as" sections
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Gre"cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grecized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grecizing.] [Cf. F. grÈciser.] 1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a
word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; as, the name
is Grecized. T. Warton.

2. To translate into Greek.

Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize (&?;), v. i. To conform to the Greek custom,
especially in speech.

Gre"co-Ro"man (?), a. Having characteristics that are partly Greek and
partly Roman; as, Greco- Roman architecture.

||Grecque (grk), n. [F.] An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin,
||esp. a fret or meander.

Gree (?), n. [F. grÈ. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.] 1. Good will;
favor; pleasure; satisfaction; -- used esp. in such phrases as: to take
in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke.


Fairfax.

2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

    He is a shepherd great in gree.


Spenser.

3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i. e., to
carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

Gree, v. i. [From Agree.] To agree. [Obs.] Fuller.

Gree, n.; pl. Grees (grz); obs. plurals Greece (grs) Grice (grs or
grs), Grise, Grize (grz or grz), etc. [OF. grÈ, F. grade. See Grade.] A
step.

Greece (?), n. pl. See Gree a step. [Obs.]

Greed (grd"), n. [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. grr. &radic;34.
See Greedy.] An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of
gain.

Greed"i*ly (?), adv. In a greedy manner.

Greed"i*ness, n. [AS grdignes.] The quality of being greedy; vehement
and selfish desire.

    Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness.


Shak.

Syn. -- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.

Greed"y (-), a. [Compar. Greedier (-*r); superl. Greediest.] [OE.
gredi, AS. grdig, grdig; akin to D. gretig, OS. grdag, OHG. grtag, Dan.
graadig, OSw. gradig, grÂdig, Icel. grugr, Goth. grdags greedy, grdn
to be hungry; cf. Skr. gdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.] 1. Having a keen
appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; --
followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his prey.

2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to
obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain.

Greed"y-gut` (?), n. A glutton. [Low] Todd.

Gree"gree`, Gri"gri` (?), n. An African talisman or charm.

A greegree man, an African magician or fetich priest.

Greek (?), a. [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. ?: cf. F. grec. Cf. Grecian.]
Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian.

Greek calends. See under Calends. -- Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the
Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman
or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of
the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established
church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed
by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. -- Greek cross.
See Illust. (10) Of Cross. -- Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. --
Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the
constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and
sulphur. Ure. -- Greek rose, the flower campion.

Greek, n. 1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian;
also, the language of Greece.

2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang]

    Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . .
    offer many chances for the Greek.


Sat. Rev.

3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]

Greek"ess (?), n. A female Greek. [R.]

Greek"ish, a. [Cf. AS. Grcisc.] Peculiar to Greece.

Greek"ling (?), n. A little Greek, or one of small esteem or
pretensions. B. Jonson.

Green (?), a. [Compar. Greener (&?;); superl. Greenest.] [OE. grene,
AS. gr?ne; akin to D. groen, OS. gr?ni, OHG. gruoni, G. gr?n, Dan. &
Sw. gr?n, Icel. gr?nn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.] 1. Having
the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the
solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant;
emerald.

2. Having a sickly color; wan.

    To look so green and pale.


Shak.

3. Full of life and vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a green
manhood; a green wound.

    As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against .
    . . the greenest usurpation.


Burke.

4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit,
corn, vegetables, etc.

5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.]

    We say the meat is green when half roasted.


L. Watts.

6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as,
green in years or judgment.

    I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its
    green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs.


Sir W. Scott.

7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green
wood, timber, etc. Shak.

Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia)
having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of
flowers, common in the United States; -- called also cat brier. --
Green con (Zoˆl.), the pollock. -- Green crab (Zoˆl.), an edible, shore
crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; -- in New England locally
named joe-rocker. -- Green crop, a crop used for food while in a
growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop,
etc. -- Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b)
Smaragdite. -- Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant
(ArisÊma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; -- called also
dragon root. -- Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in
cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment
by artists; -- called also mountain green. -- Green ebony. (a) A south
American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for
rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian
green ebony. See Ebony. -- Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which
burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium
chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the
color of the flame is due. -- Green fly (Zoˆl.), any green species of
plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. --
Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. -- Green gland
(Zoˆl.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to
serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger
antennÊ. -- Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] -- Green heart (Bot.), the
wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South
America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica
and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodiúi, that of Martinique is the Colubrina
ferruginosa. -- Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. -- Green laver (Bot.),
an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); -- called also green sloke. --
Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite. -- Green linnet (Zoˆl.), the
greenfinch. -- Green looper (Zoˆl.), the cankerworm. -- Green marble
(Min.), serpentine. -- Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a
pigment. See Greengill. -- Green monkey (Zoˆl.) a West African
long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed,
and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies
early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. -- Green
salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting
of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. -- Green sand
(Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not
dried before the cast is made. -- Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks
in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. -- Green sickness (Med.),
chlorosis. -- Green snake (Zoˆl.), one of two harmless American snakes
(Cyclophis vernalis, and C. Êstivus). They are bright green in color.
-- Green turtle (Zoˆl.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. -- Green
vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline
substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes,
mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of
iron. -- Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet
baked. -- Green woodpecker (Zoˆl.), a common European woodpecker (Picus
viridis); -- called also yaffle.

Green (gren), n. 1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar
spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.

2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant
herbage; as, the village green.

    O'er the smooth enameled green.


Milton.

3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; --
usually in the plural.

    In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens,
    and wake the rising flowers.


Pope.

4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which
in their green state are boiled for food.

5. Any substance or pigment of a green color.

Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of
a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also
Helvetia green. -- Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. -- Brilliant
green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in
composition. -- Brunswick green, an oxychloride of copper. -- Chrome
green. See under Chrome. -- Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic
derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline
substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable
fiber a brilliant green; -- called also aldehyde green, acid green,
malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found
as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See
Paris green (below). -- Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment
employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting
essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. -- Methyl green (Chem.), an
artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a
brilliant yellow luster; -- called also light-green. -- Mineral green.
See under Mineral. - - Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a.
-- Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a
mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper.
It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial
flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the
potato bug; -- called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna
green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. -- Scheele's green (Chem.), a
green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper;
-- called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called
parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald
green.

Green, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n. Greening.]
To make green.

    Great spring before Greened all the year.


Thomson.

Green, v. i. To become or grow green. Tennyson.

    By greening slope and singing flood.


Whittier.

Green"back" (?), n. One of the legal tender notes of the United States;
-- first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed
with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.

Green"back"er (?), n. One of those who supported greenback or paper
money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]

Green"bone (?), n. [So named because the bones are green when boiled.]
(Zoˆl.) (a) Any garfish (Belone or Tylosurus). (b) The European
eelpout.

Green"-broom` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Genista (G.
tinctoria); dyer's weed; -- called also greenweed.

Green"cloth` (-klth`; 115), n. A board or court of justice formerly
held in the counting house of the British sovereign's household,
composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of
matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders
and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two
hundred yards beyond the gates.

Green"er*y (?), n. Green plants; verdure.

    A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in
    greenery.


J. Ingelow.

Green"-eyed (?), a. 1. Having green eyes.

2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts.
"Green-eyed jealousy." Shak.

Green"finch` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) 1. A European finch (Ligurinus chloris);
-- called also green bird, green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf,
greeny, and peasweep.

2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general
color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.

Green"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Bluefish, and Pollock.

Green"gage` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of plum of medium size, roundish
shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France
Reine Claude, after the queen of Francis I. See Gage.

Green"gill` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An oyster which has the gills tinged with a
green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.

Green"gro`cer (?), n. A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh
or green state.

Green"head` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The mallard. (b) The striped bass. See
Bass.

{ Green"head (?), Green"hood (?), } n. A state of greenness; verdancy.
Chaucer.

Green"horn` (?), n. A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed
upon. W. Irving.

Green"house` (?), n. A house in which tender plants are cultivated and
sheltered from the weather.

Green"ing, n. A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the
Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh
and its excellent keeping quality.

Green"ish, a. Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish
yellow. -- Green"ish*ness, n.

Green"land*er (?), n. A native of Greenland.

Green"-leek` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An Australian parrakeet (Polytelis
Barrabandi); -- called also the scarlet-breasted parrot.

Green"let (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) One of numerous species of small American
singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or blue- headed
(Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love (V. Philadelphicus); the
warbling greenlet (V. gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet (V.
flavifrons) and others. See Vireo.

2. (Zoˆl,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American birds
allied to the tits.

Green"ly, adv. With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely. -- a. Of
a green color. [Obs.]

Green"ness, n. [AS. grnnes. See Green.] 1. The quality of being green;
viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness of grass, or of a meadow.

2. Freshness; vigor; newness.

3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience;
as, the greenness of youth.

Green"ock*ite (?), n. [Named after Lord Greenock.] (Min.) Native
cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals,
also as an earthy incrustation.

Green"room` (grn"room`), n. The retiring room of actors and actresses
in a theater.

Green"sand` (-s&?;nd`), n. (Geol.) A variety of sandstone, usually
imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate
of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of
phosphate of lime.

Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful fertilizer. The
greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper
Cretaceous.

Green"shank` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A European sandpiper or snipe (Totanus
canescens); -- called also greater plover.

Green"-stall` (?), n. A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are
exposed for sale.

Green"stone` (grn"stn`), n. [So called from a tinge of green in the
color.] (Geol.) A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain
dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.

Green"sward` (-swrd') n. Turf green with grass.

Greenth (grnth), n. [Cf. Growth.] The state or quality of being green;
verdure. [R.]

    The greenth of summer.


G. Eliot.

Green"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Greenbroom.

Green"wood` (?), n. A forest as it appears in spring and summer.

Green"wood`, a. Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade.
Dryden.

Greet (?), a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Greet, v. i. [OE. greten, AS. grtan, grtan; akin to Icel. grta, Sw.
grÂta, Dan. grÊde, Goth. grctan; cf. Skr. hrd to sound, roar.
&radic;50.] To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also
greit.] Spenser.

Greet, n. Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser.

Greet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] [OE.
greten, AS. grtan to address, approach; akin to OS. grtian, LG. grˆten,
D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. gr¸ssen. &radic;50.] 1. To address with
salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to
welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to,
either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing
or token.

    My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you.


Shak.

2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad.

    In vain the spring my senses greets.


Addison.

3. To accost; to address. Pope.

! p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics
are not marked !>

Greet (?), v. i. To meet and give salutations.

    There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace.


Shak.

Greet, n. Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.

Greet"er (?), n. One who greets or salutes another.

Greet"er, n. One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]

Greet"ing, n. Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a
compliment from one absent.

    Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings.


Shak.

Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment.

Greeve (?), n. See Grieve, an overseer.

Greeze (?), n. A step. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]

    The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this.


Latimer.

Gref"fi*er (?), n. [F., from LL. grafarius, graphiarius, fr. L.
graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a record office. See Graft,
and cf. Graffer.] A registrar or recorder; a notary. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Gre"gal (?), a. [L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.] Pertaining to,
or like, a flock.

    For this gregal conformity there is an excuse.


W. S. Mayo.

Gre*ga"ri*an (?), a. Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort;
common. [Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." Howell.

||Greg`a*ri"nÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gregarina the typical genus, fr.
||L. gregarius. See Gregarious.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Protozoa, allied
||to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the
||earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small, wormlike body
||inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the young
||stages, they are amúbiform; -- called also Gregarinida, and
||Gregarinaria.

Greg"a*rine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the GregarinÊ. -- n.
One of the GregarinÊ.

||Greg`a*rin"i*da (?) GregarinÊ.

Gre*ga"ri*ous (?), a. [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, herd; cf. Gr.
&?; to assemble, Skr. jar to approach. Cf. Congregate, Egregious.]
Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or
herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone. Burke.

    No birds of prey are gregarious.


Ray.

-- Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Gre*ga"ri*ous*ness, n.

Grege (?), Greg"ge (&?;), v. t. [OE. gregier to burden.] To make heavy;
to increase. [Obs.] Wyclif.

{ Greg"goe (?), Gre"go (?), } n. [Prob. fr, It. Greco Greek, or Sp.
Griego, or Pg. Grego.] A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick,
coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in
the Levant. [Written also griego.]

Gre*go"ri*an (?), a. [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. &?;:
cf. F. grÈgorien.] Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named
Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name.

Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in
1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to
harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the
time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian
year (below). -- Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a
kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church
modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the
Great") in the 6th century. -- Gregorian modes, the musical scales
ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek
scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc. -- Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form
of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh,
who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this
telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large
reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a
hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it. -- Gregorian year,
the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus,
every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except
those divisible by 100 and not by 400, has 366 days; all other years
have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note under Style, n., 7.

Greil"lade (?), n. (Metal.) Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for
reduction by the Catalan process.

Grei"sen (?), n. (Min.) A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and
mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.

Greit (?), v. i. See Greet, to weep.

Greith (?), v. t. [Icel. greia: cf. AS. gerdan to arrange; pref. ge- +
rde ready. Cf. Ready.] To make ready; -- often used reflexively. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Greith, n. [Icel. greii. See Greith, v.] Goods; furniture. [Obs.] See
Graith.

Gre"mi*al (?), a. [L. gremium lap, bosom.] Of or pertaining to the lap
or bosom. [R.]

Gre"mi*al, n. 1. A bosom friend. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. (Ecol.) A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on
the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining
priests.

Gre*nade" (?), n. [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp. granada;
orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblance of its shape
to a pomegranate. See Carnet, Grain a kernel, and cf. Pomegranate.]
(Min.) A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other
explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among
enemies.

Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two
and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head
of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach.
(b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle
containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also
fire grenade. -- Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes, which,
when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.

Gren`a*dier" (?), n. [F. grenadier. See Grenade.] 1. (Mil.) Originaly,
a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company
attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the
line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a
special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I.
one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the British army, etc.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body and
tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called also
onion fish, and rat-tail fish.

3. (Zoˆl.) A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix),
having the back red and the lower parts black.

Gren`a*dil"lo (?), n. [Sp. granadillo.] A handsome tropical American
wood, much used for making flutes and other wind instruments; -- called
also Grenada cocos, or cocus, and red ebony.

Gren`a*dine" (?), n. [F.] 1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool,
for women's wear.

2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure
fuchsine.

Gre*na"do (?), n. Same as Grenade.

Grene (?), a. Green. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gres (?), n. Grass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Gres*so"ri*al (?), Gres*so"ri*ous (?), } a. [L. gressus, p. p. of
gradi to step, go.] (Zool.) Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the
feet of certain birds and insects. See Illust. under Aves.

Gret (?), Grete (&?;), a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gret"to (?), obs. imp. of Greet, to salute.

Greve (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grew (gr), imp. of Grow.

Grew"some (?), Grue"some, a. [From a word akin to Dan. gru horror,
terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf. Grisly.] Ugly;
frightful.

    Grewsome sights of war.


C. Kingsley.

Grey (?), a. See Gray (the correct orthography).

Grey"hound` (?), n. [OE. graihund, greihound, greahund, grihond, Icel.
greyhundr; grey greyhound + hundr dog; cf. AS. grghund. The origin of
the first syllable is unknown.] A slender, graceful breed of dogs,
remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest
varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written
also grayhound.]

Grey"lag` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Graylag.

Grib"ble (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zoˆl.) A small marine
isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L. terebrans), which burrows
into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of
wharves, both in Europe and America.

Grice (?), n. [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. gr?ss, Sw.
gris, Dan. grus, also Gr. &?;, Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise, Griskin.]
A little pig. [Written also grise.] [Scot.]

Grice (?), n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Grid (?), n. A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.

Grid"dle (?), n. [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic origin; cf. W.
greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I burn,
scorch. Cf. Gridiron.] 1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.

2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.

Grid"dle*cake` (?), n. A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin
batter cake, as of buckwheat or common flour.

Gride (grd), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr. & vb. n. Griding.] [For
gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and cf. Grid
to strike, sneer.] To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or
pierce harshly; as, the griding sword. Milton.

    That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride.


Spenser.

Gride, n. A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.

    The gride of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and
    stone.


Whittier.

Grid"e*lin (grd"*ln), n. [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.] A
color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written also
gredaline, grizelin.] Dryden.

Grid"i`ron (?), n. [OE. gredire, gredirne, from the same source as E.
griddle, but the ending was confused with E. iron. See Griddle.] 1. A
grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.

2. (Naut.) An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for
examination, cleaning, and repairs.

Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum. -- Gridiron valve (Steam
Engine), a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding
to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.

Grief (grf), n. [OE. grief, gref, OF. grief, gref, F. grief, L. gravis
heavy; akin to Gr. bary`s, Skr. guru, Goth. ka˙rus. Cf. Barometer,
Grave, a., Grieve, Gooroo.] 1. Pain of mind on account of something in
the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss
of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.

    The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that
    she died for grief of it.


Addison.

2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial;
grievance.

    Be factious for redress of all these griefs.


Shak.

3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.]

    This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous
    mathematician, Mr. Harriot.


Wood.

To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc.,
causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief,
Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some
definite cause -- one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness
is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many
cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too
often turns into habitual sadness. "Grief is sometimes considered as
synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of
grief. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful
affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly
by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of
body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value." Cogan. See
Affliction.

Grief"ful (?), a. Full of grief or sorrow. Sackville.

Grief"less, a. Without grief. Huloet.

Grie"go (?), n. See Greggoe.

Griev"a*ble (?), a. Lamentable. [Obs.]

Griev"ance (?), n. [OF. grevance. See Grieve, v. t.] 1. A cause of
uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives
ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice,
tyranny, etc.; injury.

2. Grieving; grief; affliction.

    The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked.


Milton.

Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.

Griev"an*cer (?), n. One who occasions a grievance; one who gives
ground for complaint. [Obs.]

    Petition . . . against the bishops as grand grievancers.


Fuller.

Grieve (grv), Greeve, n. [AS. gerfa. Cf. Reeve an officer.] A manager
of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff.
[Scot.]

    Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve.


Sir W. Scott.

Grieve (grv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grieving.] [OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress,
fr. gravis heavy. See Grief.] 1. To occasion grief to; to wound the
sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to afflict; to
hurt; to try.

    Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God.


Eph. iv. 30.

    The maidens grieved themselves at my concern.


Cowper,

2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.]

Grieve, v. i. To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an
evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by at, for, or over.

    Do not you grieve at this.


Shak.

Griev"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grieves.

Griev"ing, a. Sad; sorrowful; causing grief. -- n. The act of causing
grief; the state of being grieved. -- Griev"ing*ly, adv. Shak.

Griev"ous (?), a. [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.] 1.
Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive;
harmful.

    The famine was grievous in the land.


Gen. xii. 10.

    The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight.


Gen. xxi. 11.

2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious;
as, a grievous sin. Gen. xviii. 20.

3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction;
as, a grievous cry. -- Griev"ous*ly, adv. -- Griev"ous*ness, n.

Griff (?), n. [Cf. Gripe.] 1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.]

    A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff.


Holland.

2. [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving) An
arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise
the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods. Knight.

Griffe (?), n. [F.] The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also,
a mulatto. [Local, U. S.]

Grif"fin (?), n. An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from
Europe. H. Kingsley.

{ Grif"fin (?), Grif"fon (?), } n. [OE. griffin, griffon, griffoun, F.
griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr. &?;; -- so called because
of the hooked beak, and akin to grypo`s curved, hook-nosed.]

1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often
represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.

2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.

3. (Zoˆl.) A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the
mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; --
called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the "eagle" of the
Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.]

4. An English early apple.

<! p. 651 !>

Grig (grg), n. [Cf. Sw. kr‰k little creature, reptile; or D. kriek
cricket, E. cricket.] 1. (Zoˆl.) (a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov.
Eng.] (b) Any small eel. (c) The broad-nosed eel. See Glut. [Prov.
Eng.]

2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] Audrey.

As merry as a grig [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed by some to
be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion
to the cricket.

Gril (grl), a. [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the ear or
eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS. gallan to provoke.]
Harsh; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Grill, n. [F. gril. See Grill, v. t.] 1. A gridiron.

    [They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat.


Cotton.

2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.

Grill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling.] [F.
griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. graÔl, L. craticulum for craticula fine
hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See Grate, n.]

1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. [1913 Webster]

    Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons.


Marvell.

2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens.

Gril*lade" (&?;), n. [F. See Grill, v. t.] The act of grilling; also,
that which is grilled.

Gril"lage (?), n. [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.) A framework of sleepers and
crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.

||Grille (?), a. [F. See Grill, v. t.] A lattice or grating.

    The grille which formed part of the gate.


L. Oliphant.

Gril"ly (?), v. t. [See Grill, v. t.] To broil; to grill; hence, To
harass. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Grilse (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A young salmon after its
first return from the sea.

Grim (?), a. [Compar. Grimmer (-mer); superl. Grimmest (&?;).] [AS.
grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan. grim, grum, Sw.
grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr. &?;, a
crushing sound, &?; to neigh.] Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect;
fierce; stern; surly; cruel; frightful; horrible.

    Whose grim aspect sets every joint a- shaking.


Shak.

    The ridges of grim war.


Milton.

Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful;
ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.

Gri*mace" (gr*ms"), n. [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. grma
mask, specter, Icel. grma mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin.] A
distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or
momentary and occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt,
disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face. [1913
Webster]

    Moving his face into such a hideous grimace, that every feature of
    it appeared under a different distortion.


Addison. [1913 Webster]

"Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's
"Marriage a-la-Mode," as innovations in our language, are now in common
use: chagrin, double-entendre, Èclaircissement, embarras, Èquivoque,
foible, grimace, naÔvete, ridicule. All these words, which she learns
by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use." I. Disraeli.
[1913 Webster]

Gri*mace", v. i. To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make
faces. H. Martineau.

Gri*maced" (?), a. Distorted; crabbed.

Gri*mal"kin (?), n. [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.] An old cat, esp. a
she-cat. J. Philips.

Grime (?), n. [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. grma
mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E. grimace.]
Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.

Grime, v. t. To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. Shak.

Grim"i*ly (?), adv. In a grimy manner.

Grim"i*ness n. The state of being grimy.

Grim"ly (?), a. Grim; hideous; stern. [R.]

    In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet.


D. Mallet.

Grim"ly, adv. In a grim manner; fiercely. Shak.

Grimme (?), n. [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zoˆl.) A West African antelope
(Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe
of black; -- called also conquetoon.

Grim"ness (?), n. [AS. grimnes.] Fierceness of look; sternness;
crabbedness; forbiddingness.

Grim"sir (?), n. A stern man. [Obs.] Burton.

Grim"y (?), a. [Compar. Grimier (?); superl. Grimiest.] Full of grime;
begrimed; dirty; foul.

Grin (grn), n. [AS. grin.] A snare; a gin. [Obs.]

    Like a bird that hasteth to his grin.


Remedy of Love.

Grin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grinned (grnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Grinning.]
[OE. grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian, Sw. grina; akin to D. grijnen, G.
greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan. grine. &radic;35. Cf. Groan.] 1. To show the
teeth, as a dog; to snarl.

2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth
and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in
laughter, scorn, or pain.

    The pangs of death do make him grin.


Shak.

Grin, v. t. To express by grinning.

    Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.


Milton.

Grin, n. The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of
withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or sneering
smile. I. Watts.

    He showed twenty teeth at a grin.


Addison.

Grind (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ground (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.]
[AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.] 1.
To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to
crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones.

    Take the millstones, and grind meal.


Is. xivii. 2.

2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth,
sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one
another, as teeth, etc.

3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.

    To grind the subject or defraud the prince.


Dryden.

4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]

Grind (?), v. i. 1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to
turn the millstones.

    Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind.


Milton.

2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds
well.

3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds
smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.

4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.

5. To perform hard and distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard,
as for an examination. Farrar.

Grind, n. 1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by
friction.

2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and
uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.

3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]

Grind"ed, obs. p. p. of Grind. Ground. Sir W. Scott.

||Grin*de"li*a (?), n. [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel, a Russian.]
||(Med.) The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (Grindelia), used as a
||remedy in asthma and bronchitis.

Grind"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, grinds.

2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a
molar.

3. (Zoˆl.) The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of Australia; --
called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise like
a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes.

Grinder's asthma, phthisis, or rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by
the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off
in the operation of grinding.

Grind"er*y (?), n. Leather workers' materials. [Eng.]

Grindery warehouse, a shop where leather workers' materials and tools
are kept on sale. [Eng.]

Grind"ing, a. & n. from Grind.

Grinding frame, an English name for a cotton spinning machine. --
Grinding mill. (a) A mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary's lathe.

Grind"ing*ly, adv. In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]

Grin"dle (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The bowfin; -- called also Johnny Grindle.
[Local, U. S.]

Grin"dle stone" (?). A grindstone. [Obs.]

Grind"let (?), n. A small drain.

Grind"stone` (?), n. A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for
grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects.

To hold, pat, or bring one's nose to the grindstone, to oppress one; to
keep one in a condition of servitude.

    They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the
    LacedÊmonians to hold their noses to the grindstone.


Sir T. North.

Grin"ner (?), n. One who grins. Addison.

Grin"ning*ly, adv. In a grinning manner.

Grint (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind, contr. from grindeth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Grin"te (?), obs. imp. of Grin, v. i., 1.

    [He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth.


Chaucer.

Grint"ing (?), n. Grinding. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grip (?), n. [L. gryps, gryphus. See Griffin, Grype.] (Zoˆl.) The
griffin. [Obs.]

Grip, n. [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.] A small ditch or
furrow. Ray.

Grip, v. t. To trench; to drain.

Grip, n. [AS. gripe. Cf. Grip, v. t., Gripe, v. t.] 1. An energetic or
tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in grasping.

2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret
association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip.

3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip
of a sword.

4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something.

Grip, v. t. [From Grip a grasp; or P. gripper to seize; -- of German
origin. See Gripe, v. t.] To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.

Gripe (?), n. [See Grype.] (Zoˆl.) A vulture; the griffin. [Obs.]

    Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp claws.


Shak.

Gripe's egg, an alchemist's vessel. [Obs.] E. Jonson.

Gripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Griped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Griping.] [AS.
gripan; akin to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG. gr&?;fan, Icel. gripa, Sw.
gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth. greipan; cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ. grabite to
plunder, Skr. grah, grabh, to seize. Cf. Grip, v. t., Grope.]

1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to
clutch.

2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely.

    Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure ?


Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic
pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or
indigestible substances.

    How inly sorrow gripes his soul.


Shak.

Gripe, v. i. 1. To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a
gripe or as with a gripe.

2. To suffer griping pains. Jocke.

3. (Naut.) To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when
sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm. R. H. Dana,
Jr.

Gripe, n. 1. Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch.

    A barren scepter in my gripe.


Shak.

2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the gripe of a
sword.

3. (Mech.) A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a
wheel.

4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; as, the
gripe of poverty.

5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; -- chiefly used in
the plural.

6. (Naut.) (a) The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the
fore end; the forefoot. (b) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern
under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind. (c)
pl. An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts
in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands passed
around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent swinging.

Gripe penny, a miser; a niggard. D. L. Mackenzie.

Gripe"ful (?), a. Disposed to gripe; extortionate.

Grip"er (?), a. One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner. Burton.

Grip"ing*ly (?), adv. In a griping or oppressive manner. Bacon.

Grip"man (?), n. The man who manipulates a grip.

Grippe (?), n. [F.] (Med.) The influenza or epidemic catarrh.
Dunglison.

Grip"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes.

2. pl. In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.

Grip"ple (?), n. A grasp; a gripe. [Obs.] Spenser.

Grip"ple, a. [Dim. fr. gripe.] Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious.
[Obs.] Spenser.

Grip"ple*ness, n. The quality of being gripple. [Obs.]

Grip"sack` (?), n. A traveler's handbag. [Colloq.]

||Gris (?), a. [OF. & F., fr. LL. griseus; of German origin; cf. MHG.
||gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf. Grizzle.] Gray. [R.] Chaucer.

Gris (?), n. [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray work) the
gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris, a.] A costly kind of fur.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

Gris (grs), n. sing. & pl. [See Grice a pig.] A little pig. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.

||Gri"saille` (?), n. [F., from gris gray.] 1. (Fine Arts) Decorative
||painting in gray monochrome; -- used in English especially for
||painted glass.

2. A kind of French fancy dress goods. Knight.

Gris"am`ber (?), n. [See Ambergris.] Ambergris. [Obs.] Milton.

Grise (grs), n. See Grice, a pig. [Prov. Eng.]

Grise (grs or grs), n. [Prop. pl. of gree a step.] A step (in a flight
of stairs); a degree. [Obs.]

    Every grise of fortune Is smoothed by that below.


Shak.

Gris"e*ous (?), a. [LL. griseus. See Gris.] Of a light color, or white,
mottled with black or brown; grizzled or grizzly. Maunder.

||Gri*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. gris
||gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of
||this stuff. See Gars.] A French girl or young married woman of the
||lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of
||gallantry. Sterne.

Gris"kin (?), n. [Grise a pig + - kin.] The spine of a hog. [Obs.]

Gri"sled (?), a. [Obs.] See Grizzled.

Gris"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir
P. Sidney.

Gris"ly (?), a. [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic, gryslic, fr.
gr&?;san to shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible, OHG. grisenl?ch, and
also AS. gre?san to frighten, and E. gruesome.] Frightful; horrible;
dreadful; harsh; as, grisly locks; a grisly specter. "Grisly to
behold." Chaucer.

    A man of grisly and stern gravity.


Robynson (More's Utopia).

Grisly bear. (Zoˆl.) See under Grizzly.

Gri"son (?), n. [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See
Gris.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae
(Galictis vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail.
Its under parts are black. Also called South American glutton. (b) A
South American monkey (Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous.

Gri"sons (?), n. pl. [F.] (Geog.) (a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss
Alps. (b) sing. The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.

Grist (?), n. [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See Grind.]

1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is
carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces.

    Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store.


Tusser. Q.

2. Supply; provision. Swift.

3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope
three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three
strands. Knight.

All is grist that comes to his mill, all that he has anything to do
with is a source of profit. [Colloq.] -- To bring grist to the maill,
to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of
profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe.

Gris"tle (?), n. [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin to OFries.
gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila,
krostela. Cf. Grist.] (Anat.) Cartilage. See Cartilage. Bacon.

Gris"tly (?), a. (Anat.) Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like
gristle; cartilaginous.

Grist"mill" (?), n. A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for
grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a
custom mill.

Grit (?), n. [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. greÛt grit, sant,
dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG. grioz, G. griess,
Icel. grjt, and to E. groats, grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf. Grail
gravel.] 1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.

2. The coarse part of meal.

<! p. 652 !>

3. pl. Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high
milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.

4. (Geol.) A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone
grit; -- called also gritrock and gritstone. The name is also applied
to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone grit.

5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good grit.

6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude.
C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.

Grit (grt), v. i. To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the
feet; to grate; to grind.

    The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread.


Goldsmith.

Grit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gritting.] To
grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth.
[Collog.]

Grith (grth), n. [AS. gri peace; akin to Icel. grid.] Peace; security;
agreement. [Obs.] Gower.

{ Grit"rock` (grt"rk`), Grit"stone` (-stn`) } n. (Geol.) See Grit, n.,
4.

Grit"ti*ness (-t*ns), n. The quality of being gritty.

Grit"ty (-t), a. 1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused
by grit; full of hard particles.

2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.]

Griv"et (grv"t), n. [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zoˆl.) A monkey of the upper Nile
and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus griseo-viridis), having the upper parts
dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It
was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also tota.

Grize (grz or grz), n. Same as 2d Grise. [Obs.]

Griz"e*lin (grz"*ln), a. See Gridelin.

Griz"zle (?), n. [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr. gris
gray. See Gris, and cf. Grisaille.] Gray; a gray color; a mixture of
white and black. Shak.

Griz"zled (?), a. Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a
mixed white and black.

    Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks.


Sir W. Scott.

Griz"zly (?), a. Somewhat gray; grizzled.

    Old squirrels that turn grizzly.


Bacon.

Grizzly bear (Zoˆl.), a large and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis) of
Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the
great length of its claws.

Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies (&?;). 1. (Zoˆl.) A grizzly bear. See under
Grizzly, a.

2. pl. In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large
stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.] Raymond.

Groan (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groaning.]
[OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr&?;nian, fr. the root of grennian
to grin. &radic;35. See 2d Grin, and cf. Grunt.] 1. To give forth a
low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in
sorrow, or in derision; to moan.

    For we . . . do groan, being burdened.


2 Cor. v. 4.

    He heard the groaning of the oak.


Sir W. Scott.

2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans.

    Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which groaneth to be so.


Herbert.

Groan, v. t. To affect by groans.

Groan, n. A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered
in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong
disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans.

    Such groans of roaring wind and rain.


Shak.

    The wretched animal heaved forth such groans.


Shak.

Groan"ful (?), a. Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.

Groat (?), n. [LG. grte, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin,
larger than other coins in former use. See Great.] 1. An old English
silver coin, equal to four pence.

2. Any small sum of money.

Groats (?), n. pl. [OE. grot, AS. grtan; akin to Icel. grautr porridge,
and to E. gritt, grout. See Grout.] Dried grain, as oats or wheat,
hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked fragments of
wheat larger than grits.

Embden groats, crushed oats.

Gro"cer (?), n. [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the
gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand grossier, fr.
gros large, great. See Gross.] A trader who deals in tea, sugar,
spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities.

Grocer's itch (Med.), a disease of the skin, caused by handling sugar
and treacle.

Gro"cer*y (?), n.; pl. Groceries (#). [F. grosserie wholesale. See
Grocer.] 1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices,
etc.; -- in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this
sense.

    A deal box . . . to carry groceries in.


Goldsmith.

    The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought
    grocery and millinery.


Macaulay.

2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U. S.]

Grog (?), n. [So named from "Old Grog" a nickname given to Admiral
Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul weather. He
is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about
1745).] A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any
intoxicating liquor.

Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent
spirits to excess. [Collog.]

Grog"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Groggeries (#). A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.]

Grog"gi*ness (?), n. 1. State of being groggy.

2. (Man.) Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes
him to move in a hobbling manner.

Grog"gy (?), a. 1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs.
[Colloq.]

2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of pugilists. [Cant or
Slang]

3. (Man.) Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; -- said
of a horse. Youatt.

{ Grog"ram (?), Grog"ran (?), } n. [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain,
of a coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf. Grog.] A
coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.

Grog"shop` (?), n. A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and
drunk; a dramshop.

Groin (?), n. [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.] The snout
of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Groin, v. i. [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.] To grunt to growl; to
snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    Bears that groined coatinually.


Spenser.

Groin, n. [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. gren,
branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to distinguish, divide,
Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a branch.] 1. (Anat.) The line
between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of
this line; the inguen.

2. (Arch.) The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two
vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.

3. (Math.) The surface formed by two such vaults.

4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle.
[Eng.] Weale.

Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.]
(Arch.) To fashion into groins; to build with groins.

    The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of
    Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity.


Emerson.

Groined (?), a. (Arch.) Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a
groined vault.

Grom"et (?), n. Same as Grommet.

Grom"ill (?), n. (Bot.) See Gromwell.

Grom"met (?), n. [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to curb,
thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.] 1. A ring formed
by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a
metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written
grummet.

2. (Mil.) A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.

Grom"well (?), n. [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray
millet, all prob. fr. F. gr?mil, cf. W. cromandi.] (Bot.) A plant of
the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used, because of its
stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German gromwell is the
Stellera. [Written also gromill.]

Grond (?), obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer.

Gron"te (?), obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer.

Groom (?), n. [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man, lover,
OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in E. bridegroom,
and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.] 1. A boy or
young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge
of horses, or the stable. Spenser.

2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in
the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the
groom of the stole.

3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom.
Dryden.

Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who
attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain
privileges.

Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.] To
tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.

Groom"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a
brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning
horses.

Grooms"man (?), n.; pl. Groomsmen (&?;). A male attendant of a
bridegroom at his wedding; -- the correlative of bridesmaid.

Groop"er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Grouper.

Groove (?), n. [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See Grove.] 1. A
furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting,
molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant
travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.

2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine.

    The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove.


J. Morley.

3. [See Grove.] (Mining) A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]

Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.] To
cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to
furrow.

Groov"er (?), n. 1. One who or that which grooves.

2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway.

Groov"ing (?), n. The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or
collection of grooves.

Grope (grp), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped (grpt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Groping.] [OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. grpian to touch, grope,
fr. grpan to gripe. See Gripe.] 1. To feel with or use the hands; to
handle. [Obs.]

2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind
person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or
obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see.

    We grope for the wall like the blind.


Is. lix. 10.

    To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a
    worldly life.


Buckminster.

Grope, v. t. 1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our
way at midnight.

2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe.


Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).

Grop"er (?), n. One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or
searches by feeling.

Grop"ing-ly, adv. In a groping manner.

||Gros (?), n. [F. See Gross.] A heavy silk with a dull finish; as,
||gros de Naples; gros de Tours.

Gros"beak (?), n. [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.] (Zoˆl.) One of
various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common
European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris.

Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (Habia
Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca cúrulea); the pine (Pinicola
enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal
grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also
grossbeak.]

||Grosch"en (?), n. [G.] A small silver coin and money of account of
||Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new
||monetary system of the empire.

Gros"grain` (?), a. [F. Cf. Grogram.] Of a coarse texture; -- applied
to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.

Gross (?), a. [Compar. Grosser (&?;); superl. Grossest.] [F. gros, L.
grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf. Skr.
grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. Engross, Grocer,
Grogram.] 1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large.
"A gross fat man." Shak.

    A gross body of horse under the Duke.


Milton.

2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.

3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or
feeling; dull; witless.

    Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.


Milton.

4. Expressing, or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence,
coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure.

    The terms which are delicate in one age become gross in the next.


Macaulay.

5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.

6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake;
gross injustice; gross negligence.

7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or gross
amount, the gross weight; -- opposed to net.

Gross adventure (Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i. e., on a
mortgage of a ship. -- Gross average (Law), that kind of average which
falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; --
commonly called general average. Bouvier. Burrill. -- Gross receipts,
the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any deduction,
as for expenses; -- distinguished from net profits. Abbott. -- Gross
weight the total weight of merchandise or goods, without deduction for
tare, tret, or waste; -- distinguished from neat, or net, weight.

Gross, n. [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2). See Gross, a.] 1.
The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. "The gross of the enemy."
Addison.

    For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of
    cattle.


Burke.

2. sing. & pl. The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a
gross of bottles; ten gross of pens.

Advowson in gross (Law), an advowson belonging to a person, and not to
a manor. -- A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four
dozen. -- By the gross, by the quantity; at wholesale. -- Common in
gross. (Law) See under Common, n. -- In the gross, In gross, in the
bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken together.

Gross"beak` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Grosbeak.

Gross"-head`ed (?), a. Thick- skulled; stupid.

Gross`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to make. See -
fy.] 1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.

2. (Bot.) The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization.
Henslow.

Gross"ly, adv. In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy;
shamefully; disgracefully.

Gross"ness, n. The state or quality of being gross; thickness;
corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness.

    Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of
    delicacy.


Dr. T. Dwight.

Gros"su*lar (?), a. [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus of
Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F. groseille. See Gooseberry.]
Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular garnet.

Gros"su*lar, n. [See Grossular, a.] (Min.) A translucent garnet of a
pale green color like that of the gooseberry; -- called also
grossularite.

||Gros`su*la"ria (?), n. [NL. See Grossular.] (Min.) Same as Grossular.

Gros"su*lin (?), n. [See Grossular.] (Chem.) A vegetable jelly,
resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (Ribes Grossularia) and other
fruits.

<! p. 653 !>

Grot (grt), n. [F. grotte, It. grotta. See Grotto.] A grotto. [Poetic]
Milton.

Grot, Grote (&?;), n. A groat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gro*tesque" (gr*tsk"), a. [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto.
See Grotto.] Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike;
wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms
and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. "Grotesque design."
Dryden. "Grotesque incidents." Macaulay.

Gro*tesque, n. 1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old
crypts and grottoes. Dryden.

2. Artificial grotto-work.

Gro*tesque"ly, adv. In a grotesque manner.

Gro*tesque"ness, n. Quality of being grotesque.

Grot"to (grt"t), n.; pl. Grottoes (-tz). [Formerly grotta, fr. It.
grotta, LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a concealed subterranean passage,
vault, cavern, Gr. kry`pth, fr. krypto`s concealed, fr. kry`ptein to
conceal. Cf. Grot, Crypt.] A natural covered opening in the earth; a
cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.

Grot"to-work` (?), n. Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation
of a grotto. Cowper.

Ground (ground), n. [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond,
OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in
composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin
to E. grind.] 1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the
globe, or some indefinite portion of it.

    There was not a man to till the ground.


Gen. ii. 5.

    The fire ran along upon the ground.


Ex. ix. 23.

Hence: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.

2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory;
country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a
particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or
fishing ground; a play ground.

    From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian
    ground.


Milton.

3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns,
fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate
are well kept.

    Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds.


Dryden. 4.

4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation
of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum;
ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence;
originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.

5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures of
a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being
either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one
another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background,
Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon
which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of small
meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels
ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels.

6. (Etching) A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to
be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is
made by the needle.

7. (Arch.) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to
which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural.

Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with
them.

8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars
of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b)
The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. Moore (Encyc.).

    On that ground I'll build a holy descant.


Shak.

9. (Elec.) A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is
made part of an electrical circuit.

10. pl. Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees;
feces; as, coffee grounds.

11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. -- Ground
annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead
of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which
becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. -- Ground ash. (Bot.) See
Groutweed. -- Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines.
Simmonds. -- Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc.,
thrown into the water to collect the fish, Wallon. -- Ground bass or
base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated
to a varied melody. -- Ground beetle (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species
of carnivorous beetles of the family CarabidÊ, living mostly in burrows
or under stones, etc. -- Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. --
Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants
having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato
(P. Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus
ChamÊcerasus), with small, very acid fruit. -- Ground cuckoo. (Zoˆl.)
See Chaparral cock. -- Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton. --
Ground dove (Zoˆl.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus
Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States,
Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. -- Ground fish (Zoˆl.),
any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole,
turbot, halibut. -- Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a
level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England,
the first floor. -- Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word,
to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is
sometimes, but not always, the same as the root. -- Ground furze
(Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of
Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also rest- harrow. -- Ground game,
hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. -- Ground hele
(Bot.), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis) with small blue
flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have
curative properties. -- Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of
any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded
as projected. -- Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var.
Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of
Europe by its low, straggling stems. -- Ground hog. (Zoˆl.) (a) The
woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The
aardvark. -- Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] Spenser. --
Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms
on the surface. -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See
Gill. -- Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a.
sleeper. -- Ground lark (Zoˆl.), the European pipit. See Pipit. - -
Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. -- Ground
line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal
and vertical planes of projection. -- Ground liverwort (Bot.), a
flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised
on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha). --
Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard.
-- Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in
which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. -- Ground
parrakeet (Zoˆl.), one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera
Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. --
Ground pearl (Zoˆl.), an insect of the family CoccidÊ (Margarodes
formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly
covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the
natives. -- Ground pig (Zoˆl.), a large, burrowing, African rodent
(Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines
but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also ground rat.
-- Ground pigeon (Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live
largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus
strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or
goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above). -- Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A
blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A. ChamÊpitys), formerly
included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its
resinous smell. Sir J. Hill. (b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of
the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); -- called also club moss. (c) A
tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same
genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part
of the United States. Gray. -- Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the
ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an
elevation or perpendicular section. -- Ground plane, the horizontal
plane of projection in perspective drawing. -- Ground plate. (a)
(Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid
horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground
sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a
mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct
the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water
main is usual in cities. Knight. -- Ground plot, the ground upon which
any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a
ground plan. -- Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Astragalus
caryocarpus) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a
succulent plum-shaped pod. -- Ground rat. (Zoˆl.) See Ground pig
(above). -- Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on
another man's land. -- Ground robin. (Zoˆl.) See Chewink. -- Ground
room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler. -- Ground sea,
the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm
weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy
roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea.
-- Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). -- Ground snake (Zoˆl.),
a small burrowing American snake (Celuta amúna). It is salmon colored,
and has a blunt tail. -- Ground squirrel. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of numerous
species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus,
having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped
squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter
includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and
many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species
of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. -- Ground story. Same as
Ground floor (above). -- Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular
substance, or matrix, of tissues. -- Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant
groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the
ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote
distance after the gale has ceased. -- Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth
table, under Earth. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to
secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. -- Ground thrush (Zoˆl.), one of
numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family
PittidÊ. See Pitta. -- Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks
in a vessel's hold. Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind
stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater.
-- Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and
are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight. -- Ground tit.
(Zoˆl.) See Ground wren (below). - - Ground wheel, that wheel of a
harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives
the mechanism. -- Ground wren (Zoˆl.), a small California bird (ChamÊa
fasciata) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhabits the arid plains.
Called also ground tit, and wren tit. -- To bite the ground, To break
ground. See under Bite, Break. -- To come to the ground, To fall to the
ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. -- To gain ground.
(a) To advance; to proceed forward in conflict; as, an army in battle
gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the
army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more
prosperous or influential. -- To get, or To gather, ground, to gain
ground. [R.] "Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast." Milton.

    There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by
    bidding higher.


South.

-- To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage.

    These nine . . . began to give me ground.


Shak.

-- To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position
taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to
decline. -- To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or
encroachment. Atterbury. -- To take the ground to touch bottom or
become stranded; -- said of a ship.

Ground (ground), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Grounding.] 1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.

2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle;
to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.

    Being rooted and grounded in love.


Eph. iii. 17.

    So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God,
    would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.


Sir W. Hamilton

3. To instruct in elements or first principles.

4. (Elec.) To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of
an electrical circuit.

5. (Fine Arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching
(see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint
as a preparation for ornament.

Ground, v. i. To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed;
as, the ship grounded on the bar.

Ground, imp. & p. p. of Grind.

Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as
distinguished from a compression cock. Knight. -- Ground glass, glass
the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface
roughened by grinding. -- Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding
together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with
fine sand and water.

Ground"age (?), n. A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space
it occupies while in port. Bouvier.

Ground"ed*ly, adv. In a grounded or firmly established manner.
Glanvill.

Ground"en (?), obs. p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.

Ground"ing, n. The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or
foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of
applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a
basis.

Ground"less, a. [AS. grundle·s bottomless.] Without ground or
foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false;
as, groundless fear; a groundless report or assertion. --
Ground"less*ly, adv. -- Ground"less*ness, n.

Ground"ling, n. [Ground + - ling.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A fish that keeps at the
bottom of the water, as the loach.

2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the
ground, and without floor or benches.

    No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh.


Coleridge.

Ground"ly, adv. Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.]

    Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die
    as sure us fate.


Marston.

Ground"nut` (-nt`), n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of the Arachis hypogÊa
(native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. (b) A leguminous,
twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark purple
flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. (c) The
dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). [U. S.] Gray. (d) A European plant of
the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum), having an edible root of a globular
shape and sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut, earth
chestnut, hawknut, and pignut. [1913 Webster]

Ground"sel (?), n. [OE. grundswilie, AS. grundeswylige, grundeswelge,
earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named as
being good for a running from the eye. See Swallow, v.] (Bot.) An
annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris), one of the most common and
widely distributed weeds on the globe.

Ground"sel (?), Ground"sill` (?), n. [Ground + sill.] See Ground plate
(a), under Ground

Ground"work` (-w˚rk`), n. That which forms the foundation or support of
anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first
principle. Dryden.

Group (grp), n. [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch, packet,
group; of G. origin: cf. G. kropf craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See Crop,
n.] 1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or
things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group
of men or of trees; a group of isles.

2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having
some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.

3. (Biol.) A variously limited assemblage of animals or plants, having
some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The
term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of
a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.

4. (Mus.) A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the
stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up
of a few short notes.

Group, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grouping.] [Cf.
F. grouper. See Group, n.] To form a group of; to arrange or combine in
a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the
best effect; to form an assemblage of.

    The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters
    term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects.


Prior.

Grouped columns (Arch.), three or more columns placed upon the same
pedestal.

Group"er (?), n. [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.]
(Zoˆl.) (a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus
Epinephelus, of the family SerranidÊ, as the red grouper, or brown
snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E. nigritus),
both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. (b) The tripletail (Lobotes).
(c) In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes.
[Written also groper, gruper, and trooper.]

<! p. 654 !>

Group"ing (?), n. (Fine Arts) The disposal or relative arrangement of
figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in
ornamental design.

Grouse (?), n. sing. & pl. [Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr.
the earlier grice, OF. griesche meor hen: cf. F. piegriËche shrike.]
(Zoˆl.) Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the family
TetraonidÊ, and subfamily TetraoninÊ, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and
North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and
usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans (Lagopus),
having feathered feet.

Among the European species are the red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus) and
the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina). See Capercaidzie, Ptarmigan, and
Heath grouse. Among the most important American species are the ruffed
grouse, or New England partridge (Bonasa umbellus); the sharp-tailed
grouse (PediocÊtes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine
grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada
grouse, or spruce partridge (D. Canadensis). See also Prairie hen, and
Sage cock. The Old World sand grouse (Pterocles, etc.) belong to a very
different family. See Pterocletes, and Sand grouse.

Grouse, v. i. To seek or shoot grouse.

Grou"ser (?), n. (Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.) A pointed timber
attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground as
a means of anchorage.

Grout (grout), n. [AS. grt; akin to grytt, G. gr¸tze, griess, Icel.
grautr, Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and E. groats.] 1. Coarse meal;
ground malt; pl. groats.

2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale. [Eng.]

3. pl. Lees; dregs; grounds. [Eng.] "Grouts of tea." Dickens.

4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry
and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best
ceilings. Gwilt.

Grout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouting.] To fill
up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.

Grout"head` (?), n. [Obs.] See Growthead.

Grout"ing, n. The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also,
the grout thus filled in. Gwilt.

Grout"nol (?), n. [See Groat, and Noll, n.] [Obs.] Same as Growthead.
Beau. & Fl.

Grout"y (?), a. Cross; sulky; sullen. [Colloq.]

Grove (grv), n. [AS. graf, fr. grafan to dig. The original sense seems
to have been a lane cut through trees. See Grave, v., and cf. Groove.]
A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted,
or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent.

The Hebrew word Asherah, rendered grove in the Authorized Version of
the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all
modern interpreters agree that by Asherah an idol or image of some kind
is intended.

Grov"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groveled (?) or Grovelled; p. pr. &
vb. n. Groveling or Grovelling.] [From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge,
adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE.
gruf, groff, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel. grfa, in 
grfu on the face, prone, grfa to grovel.] 1. To creep on the earth, or
with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the
body prostrate on the earth; to lie flat on one's belly, expressive of
abjectness; to crawl.

    To creep and grovel on the ground.


Dryden.

2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low,
abject, or mean.

Grov"el*er (?), n. One who grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also
groveller.]

Grov"el*ing, a. Lying prone; low; debased. [Written also grovelling.]
"A groveling creature." Cowper.

Grov"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or
frequenting, groves. Dampier.

Grow (gr), v. i. [imp. Grew (gr); p. p. Grown (grn); p. pr. & vb. n.
Growing.] [AS. grwan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel. gra, Dan. groe, Sw.
gro. Cf. Green, Grass.] 1. To increase in size by a natural and organic
process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter
into the living organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their
organs.

2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be
augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue.

    Winter began to grow fast on.


Knolles.

    Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by
    Antipholus.


Shak.

3. To spring up and come to maturity in a natural way; to be produced
by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in warm
countries.

    Where law faileth, error groweth.


Gower.

4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a
cause; to become; as, to grow pale.

    For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary.


Byron.

5. To become attached or fixed; to adhere.

    Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow.


Shak.

Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a minute
object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth
to be watched under the microscope. -- Grown over, covered with a
growth. -- To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or
as a branch from the main stem; to result from.

    These wars have grown out of commercial considerations.


A. Hamilton.

-- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up
children. -- To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by
growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells.

Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.

Grow (?), v. t. To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow
a crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay.

Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3.

Grow"a*ble (?), a. Capable of growth.

Grow"an (?), n. [Cf. Arm. grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel, sand.]
(Mining.) A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin
lodes in Cornwall.

Grow"er (?), n. One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also,
that which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow
grower.

Growl (groul), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Growled (grould); p. pr. & vb. n.
Growling.] [D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen
to be angry.] To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry dog; to give
forth an angry, grumbling sound. Gay.

Growl, v. t. To express by growling. Thomson.

Growl, n. The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling
sound.

Growl"er (?), n. 1. One who growls.

2. (Zoˆl.) The large-mouthed black bass. [Local]

3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang, Eng.]

Growl"ing*ly, adv. In a growling manner.

Grown (?), p. p. of Grow.

Growse (?), v. i. [Cf. gruesome, grewsome, and G. grausen to make
shudder, shiver.] To shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.

Growth (grth), n. [Icel. grr, gri. See Grow.] 1. The process of
growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the
development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity;
increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation;
advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of
trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance. Idle weeds are
fast in growth. Shak.

2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product;
consequence; effect; result.

    Nature multiplies her fertile growth.


Milton.

Growt"head` (?), n. [Lit., greathead.] A lazy person; a blockhead.
[Obs.] Tusser.

Growth"ful (?), a. Having capacity of growth. [R.] J. Hamilton.

Groyne (?), n. [Obs.] See Groin.

Gro"zing i"ron (?). 1. A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly
used instead of a diamond for cutting glass.

2. (Plumbing) A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe.
Knight.

Grub (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grubbed (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Grubbing
(&?;).] [OE. grubbin., cf. E. grab, grope.] 1. To dig in or under the
ground, generally for an object that is difficult to reach or
extricate; to be occupied in digging.

2. To drudge; to do menial work. Richardson.

Grub, v. t. 1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging;
-- followed by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge.

    They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin.


Hare.

2. To supply with food. [Slang] Dickens.

Grub, n. 1. (Zoˆl.) The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; --
called also grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith beetle, under Goldsmith.

    Yet your butterfly was a grub.


Shak.

2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] Carew.

3. Victuals; food. [Slang] Halliwell.

Grub ax or axe, a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc. --
Grub breaker. Same as Grub hook (below). -- Grub hoe, a heavy hoe for
grubbing. -- Grub hook, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps,
breaking roots, etc. -- Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble. --
Grub Street, a street in London (now called Milton Street), described
by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small histories,
dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called
grubstreet." As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production
of, Grub Street.

    I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays.


Gap.

Grub"ber, n. One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or
tool of the nature of a grub ax, grub hook, etc.

Grub"ble (?), v. t. & i. [Freq. of grub, but cf. grabble.] To feel or
grope in the dark. [Obs.] Dryden.

Grub"by, a. [From Grub.] Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.]

    The grubby game of marbles.


Lond. Sat. Rev.

Grub"by, n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Cottus; a sculpin. [Local, U. S.]

Grub"worm (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Grub, n., 1.

    And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view.


C. Smart.

Grucche (grch), v. i. [See Grudge.] To murmur; to grumble. [Obs.]

    What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan.


Chaucer.

Grudge (grj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grudger (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grudging.] [OE. grutchen, gruchen, grochen, to murmur, grumble, OF.
grochier, grouchier, grocier, groucier; cf. Icel. krytja to murmur,
krutr a murmur, or E. grunt.] 1. To look upon with desire to possess or
to appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet;
to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; -- followed by
the direct object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects.

    Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train.


Shak.

    I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not grudge us
    our employments.


Swift.

    They have grudged us contribution.


Shak.

2. To hold or harbor with malicious disposition or purpose; to cherish
enviously. [Obs.]

    Perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty !


Shak.

Grudge (grj), v. i. 1. To be covetous or envious; to show discontent;
to murmur; to complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant.

    Grudge not one against another.


James v. 9.

    He eats his meat without grudging.


Shak.

2. To feel compunction or grief. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

Grudge, n. 1. Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity,
or dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel.

    Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and enmity against his brother
    Jacob.


South.

    The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a grudge.


I. Taylor.

2. Slight symptom of disease. [Obs.]

    Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling against the
    grudges of more dreaded calamities.


Milton.

Syn. -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See Pique.

Grudge"ful (?), a. Full of grudge; envious. "Grudgeful discontent."
Spenser.

Grud"geons (?), Gur"geons (&?;), n. pl. [Prob. from P. grugir to
craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E. grout.] Coarse meal.
[Obs.]

Grudg"er (grj"r), n. One who grudges.

Grudg"ing*ly, adv. In a grudging manner.

Grudg"ing*ness, n. The state or quality of grudging, or of being full
of grudge or unwillingness.

Gru"el (?), n. [OF. gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf. OHG. gruzzi
groats, G. gr¸tze, As. grt. See Grout.] A light, liquid food, made by
boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or flour in water or milk; thin
porridge.

Gru"el*ly, a. Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.

Grue"some (?), a. Same as Grewsome. [Scot.]

Gruf (?), adv. [Cf. Grovel.] Forwards; with one's face to the ground.
[Obs.]

    They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously.


Chaucer.

Gruff (?), a. [Compar. Gruffer (&?;); superl. Gruffest.] [D. grof; akin
to G. grob, OHG. gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw. grof, perh. akin to AS.
rcÛfan to break, Z. reavc, rupture, g- standing for the AS. prefix ge-
, Goth. ga-.] Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour;
surly; severe; harsh. Addison.

    Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks.


Thackeray.

-- Gruff"ly, adv. -- Gruff"ness, n.

Gru"gru palm" (?). (Bot.) A West Indian name for several kinds of palm.
See Macaw tree, under Macaw. [Written also grigri palm.]

Gru"gru worm" (?). (Zoˆl.) The larva or grub of a large South American
beetle (Calandra palmarum), which lives in the pith of palm trees and
sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy.

Grum (?), a. [Cf. Dan. grum furious, Sw. grym, AS. gram, and E. grim,
and grumble. &radic;35.] 1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly;
glum; grim. "Nick looked sour and grum." Arbuthnof.

2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as, a grum voice.

Grum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grunbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grumbling (?).] [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumen, D. grommelen, grommen, and
F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm, murmur, grumble, surly.
&radic;35. Cf. Grum, Grim.] 1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to
make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner.

    L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles that he has no
    more.


Prior.

2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling over his
prey.

3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as, the
distant thunder grumbles.

Grum"ble, v. t. To express or utter with grumbling.

Grum"ble, n. 1. The noise of one that grumbles.

2. A grumbling, discontented disposition.

    A bad case of grumble.


Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

Grum"bler (?), n. One who grumbles.

Grum"bling*ly, adv. In a grumbling manner.

Grume (grm), n. [OF. grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot of
blood, dim. fr. L. grumus.] A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood.
Quincy.

Grum"ly (?), adv. In a grum manner.

Gru*mose" (?), a. (Bot.) Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.

Gru"mous (?), a. [Cf. F. grumeleux. See Grume.] 1. Resembling or
containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; as, grumous blood.

2. (Bot.) See Grumose.

Gru"mous*ness, n. The state of being grumous.

Grump"i*ly (?), adv. In a surly manner; sullenly. [Colloq.]

Grump"y (?), a. [Cf. Grumble, and Grum.] Surly; dissatisfied; grouty.
[Collog.] Ferby.

Grun"del (?), n. [See Groundling.] (Zoˆl.) A groundling (fish). [Prov.
Eng.]

Grundsel (?), n. Groundsel. [Obs.]

Grunt (grnt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grunting.]
[OE. grunten; akin to As. grunian, G. grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw. grymta;
all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. groan.] To make a deep,
short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound.

    Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life.


Shak.

Grunting ox (Zoˆl.), the yak.

<! p. 655 !>

Grunt (grnt), n. 1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of American food fishes, of the
genus HÊmulon, allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (A.
Plumieri), and the redmouth grunt (H. aurolineatus), of the Southern
United States; -- also applied to allied species of the genera
Pomadasys, Orthopristis, and Pristopoma. Called also pigfish, squirrel
fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise it makes when taken.

Grunt"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a
hog. "Bristled grunters." Tennyson.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of several American marine fishes. See Sea robin, and
Grunt, n., 2.

3. (Brass Founding) A hook used in lifting a crucible.

Grunt"ing*ly, adv. In a grunting manner.

Grun"tle (?), v. i. [Freq. of grunt.] To grunt; to grunt repeatedly.
[Obs.]

Grunt"ling (?), n. A young hog.

Grutch (?), v. See Grudge. [Obs.] Hudibras.

||Gru"yËre` cheese" (&?;). A kind of cheese made at GruyËre,
||Switzerland. It is a firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is
||known in the United States as Schweitzerk‰se.

Gry (?), n. [Gr &?; syllable, bit.] 1. A measure equal to one tenth of
a line. [Obs.] Locke.

2. Anything very small, or of little value. [R.]

Gryde (?), v. i. To gride. See Gride. Spenser.

Gryf"on (?), n. [Obs.] See Griffin. Spenser.

||Gryl"lus (?), n. [L., locust.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of insects including
||the common crickets.

Grype (?), v. t. To gripe. [Obs.] See Gripe. Spenser.

Grype, n. [Gr. gry`f, grypo`s, griffin. See Griffin.] (Zoˆl.) A
vulture; the griffin. [Written also gripe.] [Obs.]

||Gry*phÊ"a (?), n. [NL., fr. I gryphus, or qryps, gen. gryphis, a
||griffin.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the
||oyster.

Gryph"ite (?), n. [Cf. F. gryphite.] (Paleon.) A shell of the genus
Gryphea.

Gryph"on (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The griffin vulture.

||Grys"bok (?) n. [D. grijs gray + bok buck.] (Zoˆl.) A small South
||African antelope (Neotragus melanotis). It is speckled with gray and
||chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn.

||Gua*cha"ro (?), n. [Cf. Sp. gu·charo sickly, dropsical, guacharaca a
||sort of bird.] (Zoˆl.) A nocturnal bird of South America and Trinidad
||(Steatornis Caripensis, or S. steatornis); -- called also oilbird.

It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds on fruits, and
nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place of butter, is extracted
from the young by the natives.

Gua"cho (?), n.; pl. Guachos (&?;) [Spanish American.] 1. One of the
mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the pampas of South
America; a mestizo.

2. An Indian who serves as a messenger.

Gua"co (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A plant (Aristolochia anguicida) of
Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent bites. Lindley. (b) The
Mikania Guaco, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.

Gua"iac (?), a. [See Guaiacum.] Pertaining to, or resembling, guaiacum.
-- n. Guaiacum.

Gua"ia*cum (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. guayaco, from native name in Hayti.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in tropical America.

2. The heart wood or the resin of the Guaiacum officinale or
lignum-vitÊ, a large tree of the West Indies and Central America. It is
much used in medicine. [Written also guaiac.]

Guan (gw‰n), n. ((Zoˆl.) Any one of many species of large gallinaceous
birds of Central and South America, belonging to Penelope, Pipile,
Ortalis, and allied genera. Several of the species are often
domesticated.

Gua"na (gw‰"n), n. (Zoˆl.) See Iguana.

Gua*na"co (gw*n‰"k), n.; pl. Guanacos (- kz). [Sp. guanaco, Peruv.
huanacu. Cf. Huanaco.] (Zoˆl.) A South American mammal (Auchenia
huanaco), allied to the llama, but of larger size and more graceful
form, inhabiting the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by
some to be the llama in a wild state. [Written also huanaco.]

Gua"ni*dine (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A strongly alkaline base, CN3H5,
formed by the oxidation of guanin, and also obtained combined with
methyl in the decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric
acid, it yields urea and ammonia.

Gua*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Guano + -ferous.] Yielding guano. Ure.

Gua"nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline substance (C5H5N5O)
contained in guano. It is also a constituent of the liver, pancreas,
and other glands in mammals.

Gua"no (?), n.; pl. Guanos (#). [Sp. guano, fr. Peruv. huanu dung.] A
substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented
by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in
phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful fertilizer.

||Gua"ra (?), n. [Braz. guar·.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The scarlet ibis. See Ibis.
||(b) A large-maned wild dog of South America (Canis jubatus) - - named
||from its cry.

||Gua"ra*na` (?), n. [Pg.] (Med.) A preparation from the seeds of
||Paullinia sorbilis, a woody climber of Brazil, used in making an
||astringent drink, and also in the cure of headache.

Gua"ra*nine` (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same
as Caffeine.

Guar`an*tee" (?), n.; pl. Guarantees (#). [For guaranty, prob.
influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See Guaranty, and cf.
Warrantee.] 1. In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the
payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the
failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to
such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or insures
another against a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as
Guaranty.

    His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his zeal.


Macaulay.

2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed; a
guarantor. South.

Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.

3. (Law) The person to whom a guaranty is made; -- the correlative of
guarantor.

Syn. -- Guarantee, Warranty. A guarantee is an engagement that a
certain act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is an
engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of the
engagement.

Guar"an*tee`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. guaranteed (?); p, pr. & vb. n.
Guaranteeing.] [From Guarantee, n.] In law and common usage: to
undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the performance of
(a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure (a possession,
right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at
all events; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or
secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; as, to guarantee
the execution of a treaty.

    The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a
    republican form of government.


Constitution of the U. S.

Guar"an*tor` (?), n. [See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantor.] (Law) (a) One
who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety. (b) One who
engages to secure another in any right or possession.

Guar"an*ty (?), n.; pl. Guaranies (#). [OF. guarantie, garantie, F.
garantie, OF. guarantir, garantir, to warrant, to guaranty, E.
garantir, fr. OF. guarant, garant, a warranter, F. garant; of German
origin, and from the same word as warranty. See Warrant, and cf.
Warranty, Guarantee.] In law and common usage: An undertaking to answer
for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some contract or
duty, of another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or
perform; a guarantee; a warranty; a security.

Guar"an*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarantied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Guarantying.] [From Guaranty, n.] In law and common usage: To undertake
or engage that another person shall perform (what he has stipulated);
to undertake to be answerable for (the debt or default of another); to
engage to answer for the performance of (some promise or duty by
another) in case of a failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to
secure (something) to another, as in the case of a contingency. See
Guarantee, v. t.

Guaranty agrees in form with warranty. Both guaranty and guarantee are
well authorized by legal writers in the United States. The prevailing
spelling, at least for the verb, is guarantee.

Guard (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarded; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gurding.] [OF.
guarder, garder, warder, F. garder, fr. OHG. wart&?;n to be on the
watch, await, G. marten. See Ward, v. & n., and cf. Guard, n.] 1. To
protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to
keep in safety; to defend; to shelter; to shield from surprise or
attack; to protect by attendance; to accompany for protection; to care
for.

    For Heaven still guards the right.


Shak.

2. To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from acts
of violence, or the like.

3. To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border; hence, to
face or ornament with lists, laces, etc.

    The body of your discourse it sometime guarded with fragments, and
    the guards are but slightly basted on neither.


Shak.

4. To fasten by binding; to gird. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Syn. -- To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.

Guard (g‰rd), v. i. To watch by way of caution or defense; to be
caution; to be in a state or position of defense or safety; as, careful
persons guard against mistakes.

Guard, n. [OF. guarde, F. garde; of German origin; cf. OHG. wart,
marto, one who watches, mata a watching, Goth. wardja watchman. See
Guard, v. t.]

1. One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or
attack; defense; protection.

    His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's shaft.


Shak.

2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or
position; a watch; a sentinel.

    The guard which kept the door of the king's house.


Kings xiv. 27.

3. One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a conductor.
[Eng.]

4. Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure against
injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss; as: (a) That part of a
sword hilt which protects the hand. (b) Ornamental lace or hem
protecting the edge of a garment. (c) A chain or cord for fastening a
watch to one's person or dress. (d) A fence or rail to prevent falling
from the deck of a vessel. (e) An extension of the deck of a vessel
beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam vessels, the framework of
strong timbers, which curves out on each side beyond the paddle wheel,
and protects it and the shaft against collision. (f) A plate of metal,
beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun or pistol, having a
loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger. (g) (Bookbinding) An
interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap book, to guard against its
breaking when filled.

5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber exercise.

6. An expression or admission intended to secure against objections or
censure.

    They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions
    as I.


Atterbury.

7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard.

8. (Zoˆl.) The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of the
Belemnites.

Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as, guard boat or
guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty.

Advanced guard, Coast guard, etc. See under Advanced, Coast, etc. --
Grand guard (Mil.), one of the posts of the second line belonging to a
system of advance posts of an army. Mahan. -- Guard boat. (a) A boat
appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to see that
their officers keep a good lookout. (b) A boat used by harbor
authorities to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations. --
Guard cells (Bot.), the bordering cells of stomates; they are
crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll. -- Guard chamber, a guardroom.
-- Guard detail (Mil.), men from a company regiment etc., detailed for
guard duty. - - Guard duty (Mil.), the duty of watching patrolling,
etc., performed by a sentinel or sentinels. -- Guard lock (Engin.), a
tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin. -- Guard of honor (Mil.), a
guard appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons. -- Guard
rail (Railroads), a rail placed on the inside of a main rail, on
bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against derailment. -- Guard
ship, a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a
harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till they
can be distributed among their respective ships. -- Life guard (Mil.),
a body of select troops attending the person of a prince or high
officer. -- Off one's guard, in a careless state; inattentive;
unsuspicious of danger. -- On guard, serving in the capacity of a
guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel; watching. -- On one's guard,
in a watchful state; alert; vigilant. -- To mount guard (Mil.), to go
on duty as a guard or sentinel. -- To run the guard, to pass the watch
or sentinel without leave.

Syn. -- Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care;
attention; watch; heed.

Guard"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gardable. See Guard, v. t.] Capable of
being guarded or protected.

Guard"age (?), n. [Cf. OF. wardage. See Guard, v. t.] Wardship [Obs.]
Shak.

Guard"ant (?), a. [OF. guardant, p. pr. of guard&?;. See Guard, v. t.]
1. Acting as guardian. [Obs.] Shak.

2. (Her.) Same as Gardant.

Guard"ant, n. A guardian. [Obs.] Shak.

Guard"ed, a. Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was guarded in his
expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were
guarded. -- Guard"edly, adv. -- Guard"ed*ness, n.

Guard"en*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] " His tuition and
guardenage." Holland.

Guard"er (?), n. One who guards.

Guard"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The garfish.

Guard"ful (?), a. Cautious; wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] --
Guard"ful*ly, adv.

Guard"house` (?), n. (Mil.) A building which is occupied by the guard,
and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.

Guard"i*an (?), n. [OF. guardain, gardien, F. gardien, LL. guardianus.
See Guard, v. t., and cf. Wasden.] 1. One who guards, preserves, or
secures; one to whom any person or thing is committed for protection,
security, or preservation from injury; a warden.

2. (Law) One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or
property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person
incapable of managing his own affairs.

    Of the several species of guardians, the first are guardians by
    nature. -- viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the
    child.


Blackstone.

Guardian ad litem (&?;) (Law), a guardian appointed by a court of
justice to conduct a particular suit. -- Guardians of the poor, the
members of a board appointed or elected to care for the relief of the
poor within a township, or district.

<! p. 656 !>

Guard"i*an (?), a. Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a
protector; as, a guardian care.

Feast of Guardian Angels (R. C. Ch.) a church festival instituted by
Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d. -- Guardian angel. (a) The
particular spiritual being believed in some branches of the Christian
church to have guardianship and protection of each human being from
birth. (b) Hence, a protector or defender in general. O. W. Holmes. --
Guardian spirit, in the belief of many pagan nations, a spirit, often
of a deceased relative or friend, that presides over the interests of a
household, a city, or a region.

Guard"i*an*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.]

Guard"i*ance (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.]

Guard"i*an*ess (?), n. A female guardian.

    I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess.


Beau. & Fl.

Guard"i*an*less, a. Without a guardian. Marston.

Guard"i*an*ship, n. The office, duty, or care, of a guardian;
protection; care; watch.

Guard"less (?), a. Without a guard or defense; unguarded. Chapman.

Guard"room` (?), n. (Mil.) The room occupied by the guard during its
term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.

Guards (g‰rdz), n. pl. A body of picked troops; as, "The Household
Guards."

Guard"ship, n. Care; protection. [Obs.] Swift.

Guards"man (?), n.; pl. Guardsmen (&?;). 1. One who guards; a guard.

2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body called
Guards.

Guar"ish (?), v. t. [OF. guarir, garir, F. guÈrir.] To heal. [Obs.]
Spenser.

Gua`te*ma"la grass" (?). (Bot.) See Teosinte.

Gua"va (?), n. [Sp. guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava tree;
prob. fr. the native West Indian name.] A tropical tree, or its fruit,
of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum,
or white guava, and P. pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is
shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat
astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.

Gu"ber*nance (?), n. Government. [Obs.]

Gu"ber*nate (?), v. t. [L. gubernatus, p. p. of gubernare. See Govern.]
To govern. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Gu"ber*na`tion (?), n. [L. gubernatio.] The act of governing;
government [Obs.] I. Watts.

Gu"ber*na*tive (?), a. Governing. [Obs.]

Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al (?), a. [L. gubernator governor. See Gabernate.]
Pertaining to a governor, or to government.

Gud"geon (gj"n), n. [OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gobius,
Gr. kwbio`s Cf. 1st Goby. ] 1. (Zoˆl.) A small European freshwater fish
(Gobio fluviatilis), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often
used for food and for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are
often called gudgeons.

2. What may be got without skill or merit.

    Fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool gudgeon, this
    opinion.


Shak.

3. A person easily duped or cheated. Swift.

4. (Mach.) The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or
axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing,
as the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a
horizontal.

6. (Naut.) A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive
the pintle of the rudder.

Ball gudgeon. See under Ball.

Gud"geon, v. t. To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose
upon. [R.]

    To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you.


Sir IV. Scott.

Gue (?), n. A sharper; a rogue. [Obs.] J. Webstar.

Gue"ber Gue"bre (?), n. Same as Gheber.

Guel"der*rose' (?), n. [Supposed to be brought from Guelderland; hence,
D. Geldersche roos, G. Gelderische rose, F. rose de Gueldre, It. rose
di Gueldra, Sp. rosa de Gueldres.] (Bot.) A cultivated variety of a
species of Viburnum (V. Opulus), bearing large bunches of white
flowers; -- called also snowball tree.

{ Guelph, Guelf } (gwlf), n. [It. Guelfo, from Welf, the name of a
German family.] (Hist.) One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the
12th and 13th centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the
pope, and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.

{ Guelph"ic, Guelf"ic } (?), a. Of or pertaining to the family or the
faction of the Guelphs.

||Guenon" (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) One of several long-tailed Oriental
||monkeys, of the genus Cercocebus, as the green monkey and grivet.

||Gue`parde" (?), n. [Cf. F. guÈpard.] (Zoˆl.) The cheetah.

Guer"don (?), n. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by
L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarln; widar again, against
(G. wider wieder) + ln reward, G. lohn, akin to AS. le·n Goth. laun.
See Withers.] A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good
and a bad sense. Macaulay.

    So young as to regard men's frown or smile As loss or guerdon of a
    glorious lot.


Byron.

    He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just guerdon
    of all his former villainies.


Knolles.

Guer"don (?), v. t. [OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See Guerdon, n.] To
give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for. [R.]

    Him we gave a costly bribe To guerdon silence.


Tennyson.

Guer"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. guerredonable.] Worthy of reward. Sir
G. Buck.

Guer"don*less, a. Without reward or guerdon.

Gue*re"za (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A beautiful Abyssinian monkey (Colobus
guereza), having the body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white
hair along the sides, and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail.
The frontal band, cheeks, and chin are white.

Gue*ril"la (?), a. See Guerrilla.

Guer"ite (?), n. [F. guÈrite.] (Fort.) A projecting turret for a
sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of
bastions.

Guern"sey lil"y (?). (Bot.) A South African plant (Nerine Sarniensis)
with handsome lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.

Guer*ril"la (?), n. [Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish, dim. of guerra
war, fr. OHG. werra discord, strife. See War.] 1. An irregular mode of
carrying on war, by the constant attacks of independent bands, adopted
in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war.

2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare;
especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory
excursions in war time.

The term guerrilla is the diminutive of the Spanish word guerra, war,
and means petty war, that is, war carried on by detached parties;
generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular
band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able,
according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on what the
law terms a regular war. F. Lieder.

Guer*ril"la, a. Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on
irregularly and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla
warfare.

Guess (gs), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guessing.]
[OE. gessen; akin to Dan. gisse, Sw. gissa, Icel. gizha, D. gissen: cf.
Dan. giette to guess, Icel. geta to get, to guess. Probably originally,
to try to get, and akin to E. get. See Get.] 1. To form an opinion
concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; to judge of at
random; to conjecture.

    First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess.


Pope.

2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem
preponderating, but are not decisive.

    We may then guess how far it was from his design.


Milton.

    Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress, To be Taxallan
    enemies I guess.


Dryden.

3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; as, he who
guesses the riddle shall have the ring; he has guessed my designs.

4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory. [Obs.]

    Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess them.


Shak.

5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; -- followed by an
objective clause.

    Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance
    several ways.


Shak.

    But in known images of life I guess The labor greater.


Pope.

Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think;
imagine; fancy. -- To Guess, Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to attempt
to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a thing when blindfolded; to
conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to
guess a riddle; to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The use
of the word guess for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned
by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and
objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as
a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a thing
about which there is no uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to bed.

Guess, v. i. To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; -- with
at, about, etc.

    This is the place, as well as I may guess.


Milton.

Guess, n. An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or
decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a
random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise.

    A poet must confess His art 's like physic -- but a happy guess.


Dryden.

Guess"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guessed.

Guess"er (?), n. One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion
without means of knowing.

Guess"ing*ly, adv. By way of conjecture. Shak.

Guess"ive (?), a. Conjectural. [Obs.] Feltham.

Guess" rope" (?). (Naut.) A guess warp.

Guess" warp" (?). (Naut.) A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed
or warped along; -- so called because it is necessary to guess at the
length to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant
object.

Guess"work` (?), n. Work performed, or results obtained, by guess;
conjecture.

Guest (gst), n. [OE. gest, AS. gÊst, gest; akin to OS., D., & G. gast,
Icel. gestr, Sw. g‰st, Dan. Gj‰st, Goth. gasts, Russ. goste, and to L.
hostis enemy, stranger; the meaning stranger is the older one, but the
root is unknown. Cf. Host an army, Hostile.] 1. A visitor; a person
received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor
entertained without pay.

    To cheer his guests, whom he had stayed that night.


Spenser.

    True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the
    coming, speed the parting guest.


Pope.

Guest (?), v. t. To receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] Sylvester.

Guest, v. i. To be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.]

    And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late.


Chapman.

Guest" rope" (?). (Naut.) The line by which a boat makes fast to the
swinging boom. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Guest"wise" (?), adv. In the manner of a guest.

Gue"vi (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several very small species and varieties
of African antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or
kleeneboc (Cephalophus pygmÊa); -- called also pygmy antelope. [1913
Webster]

Guf*faw" (&?;), n. A loud burst of laughter; a horse laugh. "A hearty
low guffaw." Carlyle.

Guf"fer (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The eelpout; guffer eel.

Gug"gle (?), v. i. See Gurgle.

Guhr (?), n. [G.] A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the
cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow,
from a mixture of clay or ocher. P. Cleaveland.

Gui"ac (?), n. Same as Guaiac.

Gui"a*col (?), n. [Guiac + - ol.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid,
C6H4.OCH3.OH, resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar
creosote, and produced by the dry distillation of guaiac resin.

Gui"a*cum (?), n. Same as Guaiacum.

Guib (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A West African antelope (Tragelaphus scriptus),
curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground,
and hence called harnessed antelope; -- called also guiba.

||Gui"co*war (?), n. [Mahratta gekwr, prop., a cowherd.] The title of
||the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; -- generally called the
||Guicowar of Baroda, which is the capital of the country.

Guid"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or
counseled. Sprat.

Guid"age (?), n. [See Guide.] 1. The reward given to a guide for
services. [R.] Ainsworth.

2. Guidance; lead; direction. [R.] Southey.

Guid"ance (?), n. [See Guide.] The act or result of guiding; the
superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a
leading.

    His studies were without guidance and without plan.


Macaulay.

Guide (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guided; p. pr. & vb. n. Guiding.] [OE.
guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It. guidare; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf.
Goth. ritan to watch over, give heed to, Icel. viti signal, AS. witan
to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to
show the way. Cf. Wit, Guy a rope, Gye.]

1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to
pilot; as, to guide a traveler.

    I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court.


Shak.

2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the
training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or
morally; to train.

    He will guide his affairs with discretion.


Ps. cxii. 5.

    The meek will he guide in judgment.


Ps. xxv. 9.

Guide, n. [OE. giae, F. guide, It. guida. See Guide, v. t.] 1. A person
who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange
land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor;
also, that which guides; a guidebook.

2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of
life; a director; a regulator.

    He will be our guide, even unto death.


Ps. xlviii. 14.

3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or
channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an
instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as
of an operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing
the flow of water to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery) A grooved
director for a probe or knife. (c) (Printing) A strip or device to
direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting.

4. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directing
flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a
line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in
tactics. Farrow.

Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead
slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to
the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called
also guide, and slide bar. -- Guide block (Steam Engine), a block
attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar. --
Guide meridian. (Surveying) See under Meridian. -- Guide pile (Engin.),
a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to. -- Guide pulley
(Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the line of motion of belt;
an idler. Knight. -- Guide rail (Railroads), an additional rail,
between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the
locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.

Guide"board` (?), n. A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it
directions or information as to the road. Lowell.

Guide"book` (?), n. A book of directions and information for travelers,
tourists, etc.

Guide"less, a. Without a guide. Dryden.

Guide"post` (?), n. A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on
it, to direct travelers.

Guid"er (?), n. A guide; a director. Shak.

Guid"er*ess (?), n. A female guide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Guid"guid` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A South American ant bird of the genus
Hylactes; -- called also barking bird.

Gui"don (?), n. [F. guidon, It. guidone. See Guide, v. t.] 1. A small
flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is broad at one end
and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to direct the movements
of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea; also, the flag of a
guild or fraternity. In the United States service, each company of
cavalry has a guidon.

    The pendants and guidons were carried by the officer of the army.


Evelyn.

<! p. 657 !>

2. One who carries a flag. Johnson.

3. One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to guide
pilgrims to the Holy Land.

Guige (gj or gj), n. [Obs.] See Gige.

Guild (?), n. [OE. gilds, AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, a society or
company where payment was made for its charge and support, fr. AS.
gildan, gieldan, to pay. See Yield, v. t.] 1. An association of men
belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for
mutual aid and protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as,
the Stationers' Guild; the Ironmongers' Guild. They were originally
licensed by the government, and endowed with special privileges and
authority.

2. A guildhall. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A religious association or society, organized for charitable
purposes or for assistance in parish work.

Guild"a*ble (?), a. Liable to a tax. [Obs.]

Guil"der (?), n. [D. gulden, orig., golden. Cf. Golden.] A Dutch silver
coin worth about forty cents; -- called also florin and gulden.

Guild"hall` (?), n. The hall where a guild or corporation usually
assembles; a townhall.

Guile (?), n. [OE. guile, gile, OF. guile; of German origin, and the
same word as E. wile. See Wile.] Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice;
duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery.

    Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile.


John i. 47.

    To wage by force or guile eternal war.


Milton.

Guile, v. t. [OF. guiler. See Guile, n.] To disguise or conceal; to
deceive or delude. [Obs.] Spenser.

Guile"ful (?), a. Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or
treachery; guilty. -- Guile"ful*ly, adv. -- Guile"ful*ness, n.

Guile"less, a. Free from guile; artless. -- Guile"less*ly, adv.
Guile"less*ness, n.

Guil"er (gl"r), n. [Cf. OF. guileor.] A deceiver; one who deludes, or
uses guile. [Obs.] Spenser.

||Guil"le*met` (?), n. [F.] A quotation mark. [R.]

Guil"le*mot` (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) One of several northern sea birds,
allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are
expert divers and swimmers.

The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus Uria (as U.
troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly Uria
grylle), is called also sea pigeon and eligny. See Murre.

Guil`le*vat" (-vt"), n. [F. guilloire (fr. guiller to work, ferment) +
E. vat.] A vat for fermenting liquors.

||Guil"loche` (?), n. [F. guillochis; -- said to be fr. Guillot, the
||inventor of a machine for carving it.] (Arch.) An ornament in the
||form of two or more bands or strings twisted over each other in a
||continued series, leaving circular openings which are filled with
||round ornaments.

Guil*loched" (?), a. Waved or engine-turned. Mollett.

Guil"lo*tine` (gl"l*tn`), n. [F., from Guillotin, a French physician,
who proposed, in the Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish
decapitation with the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr.
Antoine Louis, and was called at first Louison or Louisette. Similar
machines, however, were known earlier.] 1. A machine for beheading a
person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical
guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim.

2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its
action a guillotine.

Guil"lo*tine` (gl`l*tn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guillotined (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Guillotining.] [Cf. F. guillotiner.] To behead with the
guillotine.

Guilt (glt), n. [OE. gilt, gult, AS. gylt, crime; probably originally
signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an offence, and afterward the
offense itself, and akin to AS. gieldan to pay, E. yield. See Yield, v.
t.] 1. The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting
from willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; the
state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime;
criminality; offense against right.

    Satan had not answer, but stood struck With guilt of his own sin.


Milton.

2. Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture.

    A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade.


Kent.

Guilt"i*ly (glt"*l), adv. In a guilty manner.

Guilt"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being guilty.

Guilt"less, a. 1. Free from guilt; innocent.

    The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.


Ex. xx. 7.

2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with).

    Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude, Guiltless of fire, had
    formed.


Milton.

-- Guilt"less*ly, adv. -- Guilt"less*ness, n.

Guilt"-sick` (?), a. Made sick by consciousness of guilt. "A guilt-sick
conscience." Beau. & Fl.

Guilt"y (?), a. [Compar. Gultier (?); superl. Guiltiest.] [AS. gyltig
liable. See Guilt.] 1. Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally
delinquent; wicked; chargeable with, or responsible for, something
censurable; justly exposed to penalty; -- used with of, and usually
followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment.

    They answered and said, He is guilty of death.


Matt. xxvi. 66.

    Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife.


Dryden.

2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a guilty look; a
guilty act; a guilty feeling.

3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. & R.] Dryden.

Guilt"y*like` (-lk`), adv. Guiltily. [Obs.] Shak.

Guin"ea (gn"), n. 1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly
noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl,
Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc., are named.

2. A gold coin of England current for twenty- one shillings sterling,
or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in
1817.

    The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was
    first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty
    shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings.


Pinkerton.

Guinea corn. (Bot.) See Durra. -- Guinea Current (Geog.), a current in
the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the
coast of Guinea. -- Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping
counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. -- Guinea fowl, Guinea hen (Zoˆl.), an
African gallinaceous bird, of the genus Numida, allied to the
pheasants. The common domesticated species (N. meleagris), has a
colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray
color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (N.
cristata) is a finer species. -- Guinea grains (Bot.), grains of
Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum. -- Guinea grass (Bot.), a tall strong
forage grass (Panicum jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West
Indies and Southern United States. -- Guinea-hen flower (Bot.), a
liliaceous flower (Fritillaria Meleagris) with petals spotted like the
feathers of the Guinea hen. -- Guinea peach. See under Peach. -- Guinea
pepper (Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree of the order
AnonaceÊ, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the
name of Piper ∆thiopicum. --Guinea pig. [Prob. a mistake for Guiana
pig.] (a) (Zoˆl.) A small Brazilian rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven
inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and
black. (b) A contemptuous sobriquet. Smollett -- Guinea plum (Bot.),
the fruit of Parinarium excelsum, a large West African tree of the
order ChrysobalaneÊ, having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling
a plum, which is also called gray plum and rough-skin plum. -- Guinea
worm (Zoˆl.), a long and slender African nematoid worm (Filaria
Medinensis) of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man,
beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.

Gui*pure" (?), n. [F.] A term used for lace of different kinds; most
properly for a lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no
ground or mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting threads
called bars or brides.

Guir"land (?), n. [Obs.] See Garland.

Guise (?), n. [OE. guise, gise, way, manner, F. guise, fr. OHG. wsa, G.
weise. See Wise, n.] 1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom;
fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used formerly
in such phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to
suit himself. Chaucer.

    The swain replied, "It never was our guise To slight the poor, or
    aught humane despise."


Pope.

2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or
expression; garb; shape.

    As then the guise was for each gentle swain.


Spenser.

    A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever
    yet have overpowered the imagination.


Burke.

3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism.

Guis"er (?), n. [From Guise.] A person in disguise; a masker; a mummer.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Gui*tar" (?), n. [F. guitare; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg. guitarra, It.
chitarra; all fr. Gr. &?;; cf. L. cithara. Cf. Cittern, Gittern.] A
stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but
larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire,
and three of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers.

Guit"guit` (?), n. [So called from its note.] (Zoˆl.) One of several
species of small tropical American birds of the family CúrebidÊ, allied
to the creepers; -- called also quit. See Quit.

||Gu"la (?), n.; pl. L. Gul∆ (#), E. Gulas (#). [L., the throat,
||gullet.] 1. (Zoˆl.) (a) The upper front of the neck, next to the
||chin; the upper throat. (b) A plate which in most insects supports
||the submentum.

2. (Arch.) A capping molding. Same as Cymatium.

Gu"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. gulaire.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the gula or
throat; as, gular plates. See Illust. of Bird, and Bowfin.

Gu"laund (?), n. [Icel. gul- ˆnd.] An arctic sea bird.

Gulch (?), n. 1. Act of gulching or gulping. [Obs.]

2. A glutton. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully.

Gulch, v. t. [OE. gulchen; cf. dial. Sw. gˆlka to gulch, D. gulzig
greedy, or E. gulp.] To swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.]

Guld (gld), n. A flower. See Gold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gul"den (?), n. See Guilder.

Gule (?), v. t. To give the color of gules to.

Gule (?), n. The throat; the gullet. [Obs.]

    Throats so wide and gules so gluttonous.


Gauden.

Gules (glz), n. [OE. goules, F. gueules, the same word as gueule
throat, OF. gole, goule, L. gula. So named from the red color of the
throat. See Gullet, and cf. Gula.] (Her.) The tincture red, indicated
in seals and engraved figures of escutcheons by parallel vertical
lines. Hence, used poetically for a red color or that which is red.

    His sev'n-fold targe a field of gules did stain In which two swords
    he bore; his word, "Divide and reign."


P. Fletcher.

    Follow thy drum; With man's blood paint the ground; gules, gules.


Shak.

    Let's march to rest and set in gules, like suns.


Beau. & Fl.

Gulf (?), n. [F. golfe, It. golfo, fr. Gr. &?; bosom, bay, gulf, LGr.
&?;.] 1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin,

    He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between.


Milton.

    Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed.


Luke xvi. 26.

2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] Shak.

3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy.
Shak.

    A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold.


Tennyson.

4. (Geog.) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a
partially land-locked sea; as, the Gulf of Mexico.

5. (Mining) A large deposit of ore in a lode.

Gulf Stream (Geog.), the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic. It
originates in the westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds,
is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico,
and flows parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off
the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about
two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or Kuro-Siwo, is
sometimes called the Gulf Stream of the Pacific. -- Gulf weed (Bot.), a
branching seaweed (Sargassum bacciferum, or sea grape), having numerous
berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso
Sea, and elsewhere.

Gulf"y (?), a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs. Chapman.

Gul"gul (?), n. [Hind. galgal.] A cement made in India from sea shells,
pulverized and mixed with oil, and spread over a ship's bottom, to
prevent the boring of worms.

Gu"list (?), n. [L. gulo.] A glutton. [Obs.]

Gull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gulling.]
[Prob. fr. gull the bird; but cf. OSw. gylla to deceive, D. kullen, and
E. cullibility.] To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to
defraud.

    The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed.


Dryden.

    I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service.


Coleridge.

Gull, n. 1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. Shak.

2. One easily cheated; a dupe. Shak.

Gull, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn. gullan, W. gwylan.] (Zoˆl.) One
of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus Larus and allied
genera.

Among the best known American species are the herring gull (Larus
argentatus), the great black-backed gull (L. murinus) the laughing gull
(L. atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L. Philadelphia). The common
European gull is Larus canus.

Gull teaser (Zoˆl.), the jager; -- also applied to certain species of
terns.

Gull"age (?), n. Act of being gulled. [Obs.]

    Had you no quirk. To avoid gullage, sir, by such a creature?


B. Jonson

Gull"er (?), n. One who gulls; a deceiver.

Gull"er*y (?), n. An act, or the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud.
[R.] "A mere gullery." Selden.

Gul"let (?), n. [OE. golet, OF. Goulet, dim. of gole, goule, throat, F.
gueule, L. gula; perh. akin to Skr. gula, G. kenle; cf. F. goulet the
neck of a bottle, goulotte channel gutter. Cf. Gules, Gully.] 1.
(Anat.) The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx
to the stomach; the esophagus.

2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar
functions; as: (a) A channel for water. (b) (Engin.) A preparatory cut
or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of earth
wagons. (c) A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.

<! p. 658 !>

Gul"let*ing (?), n. (Engin.) A system of excavating by means of gullets
or channels.

Gul"li*ble (?), a. Easily gulled; that may be duped. -- Gul"li*bii`i*ty
(#), n. Burke.

Gull"ish (?), a. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.]

Gull"ish*ness, n. [Obs.]

Gul"ly (?), n.; pl. Gulles (#). [Etymol. uncertain] A large knife.
[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gul"ly, n.; pl. Gullies (#). [Formerly gullet.] 1. A channel or hollow
worn in the earth by a current of water; a short deep portion of a
torrent's bed when dry.

2. A grooved iron rail or tram plate. [Eng.]

Gully gut, a glutton. [Obs.] Chapman. -- Gully hole, the opening
through which gutters discharge surface water.

Gul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gullied (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gullying.] To
wear into a gully or into gullies.

Gul"ly, v. i. To flow noisily. [Obs.] Johnson.

Gu*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. gulositas, fr. gulosus gluttonous. See Gullet.]
Excessive appetite; greediness; voracity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Gulp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gulping.] [D.
gulpen, cf. OD. golpe gulf.] To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts;
to swallow up; to take down at one swallow.

    He does not swallow, but he gulps it down.


Cowper.

    The old man . . . glibly gulped down the whole narrative.


Fielding.

To gulp up, to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge.

Gulp, n. 1. The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much
as is awallowed at once.

2. A disgorging. [Colloq.]

Gulph (?), n. [Obs.] See Gulf.

Gult (?), n. Guilt. See Guilt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gult"y (?), a. Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gul"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to gules; red. "Those fatal guly
dragons." Milton.

Gum (?), n. [OE. gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G. gaumen, OHG. goumo,
guomo, Icel. g&?;mr, Sw. gom; cf. Gr. &?; to gape.] The dense tissues
which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws.

Gum rash (Med.), strophulus in a teething child; red gum. -- Gum stick,
a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething.

Gum, v. t. To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a
worn saw). See Gummer.

Gum, n. [OE. gomme, gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and commis, fr. Gr. &?;,
prob. from an Egyptian form kam&?;; cf. It. gomma.] 1. A vegetable
secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is
soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry
tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in
water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins.

2. (Bot.) See Gum tree, below.

3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly
made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log. [Southern U. S.]

4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.]

Black gum, Blue gum, British gum, etc. See under Black, Blue, etc. --
Gum Acaroidea, the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree
(Xanlhorrhúa). -- Gum animal (Zoˆl.), the galago of West Africa; -- so
called because it feeds on gums. See Galago. -- Gum animi or animÈ. See
AnimÈ. - - Gum arabic, a gum yielded mostly by several species of
Acacia (chiefly A. vera and A. Arabica) growing in Africa and Southern
Asia; -- called also gum acacia. East Indian gum arabic comes from a
tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple. -- Gum butea,
a gum yielded by the Indian plants Butea frondosa and B. superba, and
used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo. -- Gum cistus, a
plant of the genus Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus), a species of rock rose.
-- Gum dragon. See Tragacanth. -- Gum elastic, Elastic gum. See
Caoutchouc. -- Gum elemi. See Elemi. -- Gum juniper. See Sandarac. --
Gum kino. See under Kino. -- Gum lac. See Lac. -- Gum Ladanum, a
fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus or rock
rose. -- Gum passages, sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma
of certain plants (AmygdalaceÊ, CactaceÊ, etc.), and affording passage
for gum. -- Gum pot, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and
mixing other ingredients. -- Gum resin, the milky juice of a plant
solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps,
mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing
more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter. -- Gum sandarac. See
Sandarac. -- Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees
(Acacia Verek and A. Adansoni‰) growing in the Senegal country, West
Africa. -- Gum tragacanth. See Tragacanth. -- Gum tree, the name given
to several trees in America and Australia: (a) The black gum (Nyssa
multiflora), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a
small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum. Most of the large
trees become hollow. (b) A tree of the genus Eucalyptus. See
Eucalpytus. (c) The sweet gum tree of the United States (Liquidambar
styraciflua), a large and beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves
and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice. --
Gum water, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water. -- Gum
wood, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the Eucalyptus
piperita, of New South Wales.

Gum, v. t. [imp. &. p. Gummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gumming.] To smear
with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike
substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance.

    He frets like a gummed velvet.


Shak.

Gum, v. i. To exude or from gum; to become gummy.

Gum"bo (?), n. [Written also gombo.] 1. A soup thickened with the
mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra soup.

2. The okra plant or its pods.

Gum"boil (?), n. (Med.) A small suppurating inflamed spot on the gum.

||Gum"ma (?), n.; pl. Gummata (#). [NL. So called from its gummy
||contents See Gum.] (Med.) A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic
||origin.

Gum*ma"tous (?), a. (Med.) Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.

Gum"mer (?), n. [From 2d Gum.] A punch-cutting tool, or machine for
deepening and enlarging the spaces between the teeth of a worn saw.

Gum*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gummi gum + -ferous.] Producing gum; gum-
bearing.

Gum"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gummy; viscousness.

Gum"mite (?), n. [So called because it occurs in rounded or flattened
pieces which look like gum.] (Min.) A yellow amorphous mineral,
essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the alteration of
uraninite.

Gum*mos"i*ty (?), n. Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or
nature. [R.] Floyer.

Gum"mous (?), a. [L. gummosus; cf. F. gommeux.] 1. Gumlike, or composed
of gum; gummy.

2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a gumma.

Gum"my (?), a. [Compar. Gummer (&?;); superl. Gummirst.] Consisting of
gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing gum; covered with gum
or a substance resembling gum.

    Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine.


Milton.

    Then rubs his gummy eyes.


Dryden.

Gummy tumor (Med.), a gumma.

Gump (gmp), n. [Cf. Sw. & Dan. gump buttocks, rump, Icel. gumpr.] A
dolt; a dunce. [Low.] Holloway.

Gump"tion (?), n. [OE. gom, gome, attention; akin to AS. geÛmian,
gyman, to regard, observe, gyme care, OS. gomean to heed, Goth. gaumjan
to see, notice.]

1. Capacity; shrewdness; common sense. [Colloq.]

    One does not have gumption till one has been properly cheated.


Lord Lytton.

2. (Paint.) (a) The art of preparing colors. Sir W. Scott.

(b) Megilp. Fairholt.

Gun (gn), n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael., &
LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or
abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling
stones.] 1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance;
any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of
gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which
the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is
ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces
are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called small arms. Larger guns
are called cannon, ordnance, fieldpieces, carronades, howitzers, etc.
See these terms in the Vocabulary.

    As swift as a pellet out of a gunne When fire is in the powder
    runne.


Chaucer.

    The word gun was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing
    from a man long before there was any gunpowder found out.


Selden.

2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon.

3. pl. (Naut.) Violent blasts of wind.

Guns are classified, according to their construction or manner of
loading as rifled or smoothbore, breech- loading or muzzle-loading,
cast or built-up guns; or according to their use, as field, mountain,
prairie, seacoast, and siege guns.

Armstrong gun, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named after its
English inventor, Sir William Armstrong. -- Great gun, a piece of heavy
ordnance; hence (Fig.), a person superior in any way. -- Gun barrel,
the barrel or tube of a gun. -- Gun carriage, the carriage on which a
gun is mounted or moved. -- Gun cotton (Chem.), a general name for a
series of explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping
cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed
substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly
resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with
explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and open, and
in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which
are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the highest
(pyroxylin) which is soluble. See Pyroxylin, and cf. Xyloidin. The gun
cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making
celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety
(pyroxylin) for making collodion. See Celluloid, and Collodion. Gun
cotton is frequenty but improperly called nitrocellulose. It is not a
nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of nitric acid. -- Gun deck. See
under Deck. -- Gun fire, the time at which the morning or the evening
gun is fired. -- Gun metal, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts
of copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is also given
to certain strong mixtures of cast iron. -- Gun port (Naut.), an
opening in a ship through which a cannon's muzzle is run out for
firing. -- Gun tackle (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the
side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from the gun
port. - - Gun tackle purchase (Naut.), a tackle composed of two single
blocks and a fall. Totten. -- Krupp gun, a wrought steel breech-loading
cannon, named after its German inventor, Herr Krupp. -- Machine gun, a
breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage or
other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges which are
loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in
volleys, by machinery operated by turning a crank. Several hundred
shots can be fired in a minute with accurate aim. The Gatling gun,
Gardner gun, Hotchkiss gun, and Nordenfelt gun, named for their
inventors, and the French mitrailleuse, are machine guns. -- To blow
great guns (Naut.), to blow a gale. See Gun, n., 3.

Gun (?), v. i. To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in
participial form; as, to go gunning.

||Gu"na (g"n), n. [Skr. guna quality.] In Sanskrit grammar, a
||lengthening of the simple vowels a, i, e, by prefixing an a element.
||The term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other
||languages.

Gu"nar*chy (?), n. See Gynarchy.

Gun"boat` (?), n. (Nav.) A vessel of light draught, carrying one or
more guns.

Gun"cot`ton (?). See under Gun.

Gun"de*let (?), n. [Obs.] See Gondola. Marston.

Gun"flint` (?), n. A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite
the charge. It was in common use before the introduction of percussion
caps.

||Gun"jah (?), n. (Bot.) See Ganja.

Gun"lock` (?), n. The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See
Lock.

Gun"nage (?), n. The number of guns carried by a ship of war.

Gun"nel (?), n. [See Gunwale.] 1. A gunwale.

2. (Zoˆl.) A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus MurÊnoides;
esp., M. gunnellus of Europe and America; -- called also gunnel fish,
butterfish, rock eel.

Gun"ner (?), n. 1. One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a
cannoneer.

2. A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the ordnance on a
vessel.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) The great northern diver or loon. See Loon. (b) The sea
bream. [Prov. Eng. or Irish]

Gunner's daughter, the gun to which men or boys were lashed for
punishment. [Sailor's slang] W. C. Russell.

Gun"ner*y (?), n. That branch of military science which comprehends the
theory of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using
ordnance.

Gun"nie (?), n. (Mining.) Space left by the removal of ore.

Gun"ning (?), n. The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with a
gun.

    The art of gunning was but little practiced.


Goldsmith.

Gun"ny (?), n., Gun"ny cloth` (&?;). [Hind. gon, gon&?;,, a sack,
sacking.] A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers
(called jute) of two plants of the genus Corchorus (C. olitorius and C.
capsularis), of India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of
cordage.

Gunny bag, a sack made of gunny, used for coarse commodities.

Gu*noc"ra*cy (?), n. See Gyneocracy.

Gun"pow`der (?), n. (Chem.) A black, granular, explosive substance,
consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and
sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting.

Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter, with 10 to 15
per cent of each of the other ingredients. Its explosive energy is due
to the fact that it contains the necessary amount of oxygen for its own
combustion, and liberates gases (chiefly nitrogen and carbon dioxide),
which occupy a thousand or fifteen hundred times more space than the
powder which generated them.

Gunpowder pile driver, a pile driver, the hammer of which is thrown up
by the explosion of gunpowder. -- Gunpowder plot (Eng. Hist.), a plot
to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws
against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators, was
about to fire the mine, which was placed under the House of Lords, he
was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is known in England as Guy
Fawkes Day. -- Gunpowder tea, a species of fine green tea, each leaf of
which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.

Gun"reach` (?), n. The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot;
gunshot.

Gun"room` (&?;), n. (Naut.) An apartment on the after end of the lower
gun deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the
commissioned officers, except the captain; -- called wardroom in the
United States navy.

Gun"shot` (?), n. 1. Act of firing a gun; a shot.

2. The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as to be
effective; the reach or range of a gun.

    Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be out
    of gunshot.


Dryden.

Gun"shot`, a. Made by the shot of a gun: as. a gunshot wound.

Gun"smith (?), n. One whose occupation is to make or repair small
firearms; an armorer.

{ Gunsmith`er*y (?), Gun"smith` ing, } n. The art or business of a
gunsmith.

Gun"stick (?), n. A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a
rammer or ramrod. [R.]

Gun"stock` (?), n. The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun
is fastened.

Gun"stome` (?), n. A cannon ball; -- so called because originally made
of stone. [Obs.] Shak.

<! p. 659 !>

Gun"ter rig` (?). (Naut.) A topmast arranged with metal bands so that
it will readily slide up and down the lower mast.

Gun"ter's chain` (?). (Surveying) The chain ordinarily used in
measuring land. See Chain, n., 4, and Gunter's scale.

Gun"ter's line` (?). A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for
performing the multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by
the dividers; -- called also line of lines, and line of numbers.

Gun"ter's quad`rant (?). A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc.,
showing a stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it
are found the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the altitude of
objects in degrees, etc. See Gunter's scale.

Gun"ter's scale` (?). A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund Gunter
(1581-1626), a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who
invented also Gunter's chain, and Gunter's quadrant.

Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one side of which
are marked scales of equal parts, of chords, sines, tangents, rhombs,
etc., and on the other side scales of logarithms of these various
parts, by means of which many problems in surveying and navigation may
be solved, mechanically, by the aid of dividers alone.

Gun"wale (?), n. [Gun + wale. So named because the upper guns were
pointed from it.] (Naut.) The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side;
the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that
piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to
the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper
works of the hull. [Written also gunnel.]

Gurge (g˚rj), n. [L. gurges.] A whirlpool. [Obs.]

    The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge Boils out from under
    ground.


Milton.

Gurge, v. t. [See Gorge.] To swallow up. [Obs.]

Gur"geons (?), n. pl. [Obs.] See Grudgeons.

Gur"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gurgled (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Gurgling
(?).] [Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio
gullet. Cf. Gargle, Gorge.] To run or flow in a broken, irregular,
noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles
or stones.

    Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste their music
    on the savage race.


Young.

Gur"gle, n. The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling
gurgles." W. Thompson.

Gur"glet (?), n. [See Goglet.] A porous earthen jar for cooling water
by evaporation.

Gur"gling*ly` (?), adv. In a gurgling manner.

Gur"goyle (?), n. See Gargoyle.

Gur"jun (?), n. A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the
Diptcrocarpus lÊvis, an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and
as a substitute for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.

Gurl (?), n. A young person of either sex. [Obs.] See Girl. Chaucer.

Gur"let (?), n. (Masonry) A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting
edge. Knight.

Gur"my (?), n. (Mining) A level; a working.

{ Gur"nard (?), Gur"net (?) } n. [OF. gornal, gournal, gornart, perh.
akin to F. grogner to grunt; cf. Ir. guirnead gurnard.] (Zoˆl.) One
ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and allied
genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed cheeks. Some of the
species are highly esteemed for food. The name is sometimes applied to
the American sea robins. [Written also gournet.]

Plyling gurnard. See under Flying.

Gur"ni*ad (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Gwiniad.

Gur"ry (?), n. An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter. [Obs. or
Local] Holland.

Gur"ry`, n. [Hind. garh.] A small fort. [India]

Gurt (g˚rt), n. (Mining) A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the
bottom of a working drift. Page.

Gurts (g˚rts), n. pl. [Cf. Grout.] Groats. [Obs.]

Gush (gsh), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gushed (gsht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gushing.] [OE. guschen, cf. Icel. gusa and gjsa, also D. gucsen; perh.
akin to AS. geÛtan to pour, G. giessen, Goth. giutan, E. gut. Cf. Found
to cast.]

1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a
fluid from confinement; to flow copiously.

    He smote the rock that the waters gushed out.


Ps ixxviii 20.

    A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound.


Spenser.

2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to
display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner. [Colloq.]

Gush, v. t. 1. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed
plase; an emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the
fluid thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a gush of song
from a bird.

    The gush of springs, An fall of lofty foundains.


Byron.

2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.; effusive
display of sentiment. [Collog.]

Gush"er (?), n. One who gushes. [Colloq.]

Gush"ing, a. 1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing
copiously; as, gushing waters. "Gushing blood." Milton.

2. Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and unreservedly
demonstrative in matters of affection; sentimental. [Colloq.]

Gush"ing*ly (?), adv. 1. In a gushing manner; copiously. Byron.

2. Weakly; sentimentally; effusively. [Colloq.]

Gus"set (?), n. [F. gousset armpit, fob, gusset, dim. of gousse pod,
husk; cf. It. guscio shell, or W. cwysed gore, gusset.] 1. A small
piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening
some part or giving it a tapering enlargement.

    Seam and gusset and band.


Hood.

2. Anything resembling a gusset in a garment; as: (a) (Armor) A small
piece of chain mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms. (b)
(Mach.) A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in the
angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; esp., the part
joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler.

3. (Her.) An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms,
resembling a gusset.

Gust (gst), n. [Icel. gustr a cool breeze. Cf. Gush.] 1. A sudden
squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief rushing or driving
of the wind.

    Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw.


Milton.

2. A sudden violent burst of passion. Bacon.

Gust, n. [L. gustus; cf. It. & Sp. gusto. &radic;46.]

1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto.

    An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and
    appetite.


Jer. Taylor.

2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely
relished; enjoyment.

    Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust.


Pope.

3. Intellectual taste; fancy.

    A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the
    ancients.


Dryden.

Gust, v. t. [Cf. L. gustare, It. gustare, Sp. gustar. See GUST a
relish.] To taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.]

Gust"a*ble (?), a. [See Gust, v.] [Obs.] 1. Capable of being tasted;
tastable.

    This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall
    bitter; whereas there is nothing gustable sweeter.


Harvey.

2. Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory.

    A gustable thing, seen or smelt, excites the appetite, and affects
    the glands and parts of the mouth.


Derham.

Gust"a*ble, n. Anything that can be tasted. [Obs.]

Gus"tard (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The great bustard.

Gus*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gustatio: cf. F. gustation.] The act of
tasting. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Gust"a*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of
taste; as, the gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the tongue.

Gust"ful (?), a. Tasteful; well- tasted. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. --
Gust"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.

Gust"ful, a. Gusty. [R.]

    A gustful April morn.


Tennyson.

Gust"less, a. Tasteless; insipid. [R.]

Gus"to (?), n. [It. or Sp., fr. L. gustus; akin to E. choose. Cf. 2d
GUST, GOUR.] Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste;
fancy. Dryden.

||Gus*to"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Tasteful; in a tasteful,
||agreeable manner.

Gust"y (?), a. Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls;
windy; stormy; tempestuous.

    Upon a raw and gusty day.


Shak.

Gut (?), n. [OE. gut, got, AS. gut, prob. orig., a channel, and akin to
geÛtan to pour. See FOUND to cast.]

1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso.

2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron;
(pl.) bowels; entrails.

3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used for
various purposes. See Catgut.

4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its
cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when
dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line.

Blind gut. See C∆cum, n. (b).

Gut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gutting.] 1. To
take out the bowels from; to eviscerate.

2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or
contents of; as, a mob gutted the house.

    Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a proper name of its
    vowels, used it as freely as he pleased.


Addison.

||Gut"ta (?), n.; pl. Gutt∆ (#). [L.] 1. A drop.

2. (Arch.) One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a
cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the
lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order; -- called also campana,
and drop.

Gutta serena [L., lit. serene or clear drop] (Med.), amaurosis. --
GuttÊ band> (Arch.), the listel or band from which the guttÊ hang.

Gut"ta-per`cha (?), n. [Malay gutah gum + pertja the tree from which is
it procured.] A concrete juice produced by various trees found in the
Malayan archipelago, especially by the Isonandra, or Dichopsis, Gutta.
It becomes soft, and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water,
and, on cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and
ethers, but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles
caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical purposes.
The Mimusops globosa of Guiana also yields this material.

Gut"tate (?), a. [L. guttatus. Cf. Gutty.] Spotted, as if discolored by
drops.

Gut"ta*ted (?), a. [See Guttate.] Besprinkled with drops, or droplike
spots. Bailey.

Gut"ta*trap (?), n. The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus
Artocarpus (A. incisa, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making
birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.

Gut"ter (?), n. [OE. gotere, OF. goutiere, F. gouttiËre, fr. OF. gote,
goute, drop, F. goutte, fr. L. gutta.]

1. A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; an
eaves channel; an eaves trough.

2. A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off surface
water.

    Gutters running with ale.


Macaulay.

3. Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by erosion in the
vent of a gun from repeated firing.

Gutter member (Arch.), an architectural member made by treating the
outside face of the gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it
with ornaments, regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement. --
Gutter plane, a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for planing out
gutters. -- Gutter snipe, a neglected boy running at large; a street
Arab. [Slang] -- Gutter stick (Printing), one of the pieces of
furniture which separate pages in a form.

Gut*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guttered (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Guttering.]
1. To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel. Shak.

2. To supply with a gutter or gutters. [R.] Dryden.

Gut"ter, v. i. To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares
in the wind.

||Gut"ti*fer` (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gutta drop+ ferre to bear.] (Bot.) A
||plant that exudes gum or resin.

Gut*tif"er*ous (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Yielding gum or resinous substances.
(b) Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs (GuttiferÊ) noted
for their abounding in a resinous sap.

Gut"ti*form (?), a. [L. gutta a drop + -form.] Drop-shaped, as a spot
of color.

Gut"tle (?), v. t. & i. [From GUT, n.] To put into the gut; to swallow
greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Dryden.

Gut"tler (?), n. A greedy eater; a glutton. [Obs.]

Gut"tu*lous (?), a. [L. guttula a little drop, dim. of gutta drop.] In
droplike form. [Obs.]

    In its [hail's] guttulous descent from the air.


Sir T. Browne.

Gut"tur*al (?), a. [L. guttur throat: cf. F. gutural.] Of or pertaining
to the throat; formed in the throat; relating to, or characteristic of,
a sound formed in the throat.

    Children are occasionally born with guttural swellings.


W. Guthrie.

    In such a sweet, guttural accent.


Landor.

Gut"tur*al, n. A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by
the aid of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate;
also, a letter representing such a sound.

Gut"tur*al*ism (?), n. The quality of being guttural; as, the
gutturalism of A [in the 16th cent.] Earle.

Gut"tur*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being guttural. [R.] "The old
gutturality of k." Earle.

Gut"tur*al*ize (?), v. t. To speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound
to.

Gut"tur*al*ly, adv. In a guttural manner.

Gut"tur*al*ness, n. The quality of being guttural.

Gut"tur*ine (?), a. [L. guttur throat.] Pertaining to the throat.
[Obs.] "Gutturine tumor." Ray.

Gut"tur*ize (?), v. t. [L. guttur throat.] To make in the throat; to
gutturalize. [R.]

    For which the Germans gutturize a sound.


Coleridge.

Gut"tur*o- (?). A combining form denoting relation to the throat; as,
gutturo-nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character;
gutturo-palatal.

Gut"ty (?), a. [L. gutta drop: cf. F. gouttÈ. Cf. Guttated.] (Her.)
Charged or sprinkled with drops.

Gut"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant, Globularia Alypum, a violent
purgative, found in Africa.

Guy (?), n. [Sp. guia guide, a guy or small rope used on board of ships
to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and the
same word as E. guide. See Guide, and cf. Gye.] A rope, chain, or rod
attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an
object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place
the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope
connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent
lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as
of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is
fastened.

Guy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guying.] To steady
or guide with a guy.

Guy, n. 1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in
England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot.

    The lady . . . who dresses like a guy.


W. S. Gilbert.

2. A person of queer looks or dress. Dickens.

Guy, v. t. To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of
ridicule. [Local & Collog U.S.]

Guyle (?), v. t. To guile. [Obs.] Spenser.

<! p. 660 pr=JMD !>

Guze (gz), n. [Cf. Gules.] (Her.) A roundlet of tincture sanguine,
which is blazoned without mention of the tincture.

Guz"zle (g"z'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Guzzled (-z'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Guzzling (-zlng).] [OP. gosillier, prob. orig., to pass through the
throat; akin to F. gosier throat; cf. It. gozzo a bird's crop.] To
swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently.

    Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar.


Milton.

    Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who, while she
    guzzles, chats the doctor's praise.


Roscommon.

    To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey.


Gay.

Guz"zle, v. t. To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate
gust; to drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer.
Dryden.

Guz"zle, n. An insatiable thing or person.

    That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure.


Marston.

Guz"zler (-zlr), n. An immoderate drinker.

Gwin"i*ad (gwn"*d), n. [W. gwyniad a whiting, the name of various
fishes, fr. gwyn white.] (Zoˆl.) A fish (Coregonus ferus) of North
Wales and Northern Europe, allied to the lake whitefish; -- called also
powan, and schelly. [Written also gwyniad, guiniad, gurniad.]

Gy"all (g"l), n. (Zoˆl.) See Gayal.

Gyb (jb), Gybe (jb), n. (Naut.) See Jib. [Obs.]

Gybe (jb), n. & v. See Gibe.

Gybe, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gybed (jbd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gybing.]
[See Jibe.] (Naut.) To shift from one side of a vessel to the other; --
said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered off
the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side. [Also jibe.]

Gye (g or g), v. t. [OF. guier; of German origin. See Guide, and cf.
Guy.] To guide; to govern. [Obs.]

    Discreet enough his country for to gye.


Chaucer.

Gyle (gl), n. [F. guiller to ferment. Cf. Guillevat.] Fermented wort
used for making vinegar.

Gyle tan (Brewing), a large vat in which wort ferments.

Gym"nal (gm"nal), a. & n. Same as Gimmal.

Gym*na"si*arch (jm*n"z*‰rk), n. [L. gymnasiarchus, Gr. gymnasi`archos;
gymna`sion + 'a`rchein to govern: cf. F. gymnasiarque.] (Gr. Antiq.) An
Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and provided the oil
and other necessaries at his own expense.

Gym*na"si*um (-z*m or - zh*m; 277) n.; pl. E. Gymnasiums (-mz), L.
Gymnasia (-). [L., fr. Gr. gymna`sion, fr. gymna`zein to exercise
(naked), fr. gymno`s naked.] 1. A place or building where athletic
exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics.

2. A school for the higher branches of literature and science; a
preparatory school for the university; -- used esp. of German schools
of this kind.

    More like ordinary schools of gymnasia than universities.


Hallam.

Gym"nast (jm"nst), n. [Gr. gymnasth`s a trainer of athletes: cf. F.
gymnaste. See Gymnasium.] One who teaches or practices gymnastic
exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an athlete.

{ Gym*nas"tic (jm*ns"tk), Gym*nas"tic*al (-t*kal), } a. [L.
gymnasticus, Gr. gymnastiko`s: cf. F. gymnastique. See Gymnasium.]
Pertaining to athletic exercises intended for health, defense, or
diversion; -- said of games or exercises, as running, leaping,
wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to
disciplinary exercises for the intellect; athletic; as, gymnastic
exercises, contests, etc.

Gym*nas"tic, n. A gymnast. [Obs.]

Gym*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a gymnastic manner.

Gym*nas"tics (-tks), n. Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of
performing gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the
intellect or character.

{ Gym"nic (jm"nk), Gym"nic*al (- n*kal), } a. [L. gymnicus, Gr.
gymniko`s: cf. F. gymnique. See Gymmasium.] Athletic; gymnastic. [Obs.]

    Have they not swordplayers, and every sort Of gymnic artists,
    wrestlers, riders, runners?


Milton.

Gym"nic, n. Athletic exercise. [Obs.] Burton.

Gym"nite (-nt), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked. So called as coming from the
Bare Hills, Maryland.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of magnesia.

||Gym`no*blas"te*a (jm`n*bls"t*), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked +
||blasta`nein to sprout.] (Zoˆl.) The Athecata; -- so called because
||the medusoid buds are not inclosed in a capsule.

Gym`no*blas"tic (-tk), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Gymnoblastea.

Gym`no*car"pous (-k‰r"ps), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + karpo`s fruit.]
(Bot.) Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to the
perianth. Gray.

||Gym*noch"ro*a (jm*nk"r*), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + chro`a
||skin, body.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See
||Hydra.

||Gym*noc"la*dus (jm*n"l*ds), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + kla`dos
||a branch.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee
||tree. The leaves are cathartic, and the seeds a substitute for
||coffee.

||Gym`no*co"pa (jm`n*k"p), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + kw`ph
||an oar.] (Zoˆl.) A group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida,
||having setÊ only in the cephalic appendages.

Gym"no*cyte (jm"n*st), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + ky`tos a hollow vessel.]
(Biol.) A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a nucleus.
Haeckel.

Gym`no*cy"tode (jm`n*s"td), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + E. cytode.] (Biol.)
A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus. Haeckel.

Gym"no*dont (jm"n*dnt), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos,
tooth.] (Zoˆl.) One of a group of plectognath fishes (Gymnodontes),
having the teeth and jaws consolidated into one or two bony plates, on
each jaw, as the diodonts and tetradonts. See Bur fish, Globefish,
Diodon.

Gym"no*gen (-jn), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + -gen.] (Bot.) One of a class
of plants, so called by Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by
direct contact of the pollen. Same as Gymnosperm.

||Gym`no*glos"sa (-gls"s), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + glw^ssa
||tongue.] (Zoˆl.) A division of gastropods in which the odontophore is
||without teeth.

{ ||Gym`no*lÊ"ma (-l"m), ||Gym`no*lÊ"ma*ta (-m*t), } n. pl. [NL., fr.
Gr. gymno`s naked + laimo`s the throat.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Bryozoa,
having no epistome.

||Gym`no*no"ti (-n"t), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + nw^tos the
||back.] (Zoˆl.) The order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or
||electrical eel. The dorsal fin is wanting.

Gym`no*pÊd"ic (-pd"k or - p"dk), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + pai^s,
paido`s, a child.] (Zoˆl.) Having young that are naked when hatched;
psilopÊdic; -- said of certain birds.

||Gym`no*phi"o*na (-f"*n), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked +
||'ofio`neos serpentlike.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Amphibia, having a long,
||annulated, snakelike body. See Ophiomorpha.

||Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta (- nf*thl"m*t), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s
||naked + 'ofqalmo`s the eye.] (Zoˆl.) A group of acalephs, including
||the naked-eyed medusÊ; the hydromedusÊ. Most of them are known to be
||the free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.

Gym"no*plast (jm"n*plst), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + pla`ssein to shape,
mold.] (Biol.) A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a
white blood corpuscle.

Gym'no*rhi"nal (-r"nal), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + "ri`s, "rino`s, the
nose.] (Zoˆl.) Having unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds.

||Gym`no*so"ma*ta (-s"m*t or - sm"*t), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s
||naked + sw^ma, sw`matos, the body.] (Zoˆl.) One of the orders of
||Pteropoda. They have no shell.

Gym*nos"o*phist (jm*ns"*fst), n. [Gr. gymnosofisth`s; gymno`s naked +
sofisth`s philosopher; cf. F. gymnosophiste.] One of a sect of
philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander the Great,
who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh, renounced
bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the contemplation of
nature.

Gym*nos"o*phy (-f), n. The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. Good.

Gym"no*sperm (jm"n*sprm), n. (Bot.) A plant that bears naked seeds (i.
e., seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock.
Cf. Angiosperm.

Gym`no*sper"mous (-spr"ms), a. [Gr. gymno`spermos; gymno`s naked +
spe`rma seed: cf. F. gymnosperme.] (Bot.) (a) Having naked seeds, or
seeds not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel. (b) Belonging to the
class of plants consisting of gymnosperms.

||Gym*not"o*ka (jm*nt"*k), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + to`kos
||a bringing forth.] (Zoˆl.) The Athecata.

||Gym*no"tus (jm*n"ts), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + nw^tos the
||back: cf. F. gymnote.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of South American fresh-water
||fishes, including the Gymnotus electricus, or electric eel. It has a
||greenish, eel-like body, and is possessed of electric power.

    One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like that from the
    electric blow of the gymnotus.


De Quincey.

Gyn (gn), v. i. To begin. [Obs.] See Gin.

{ ||Gyn`Ê*ce"um (jn`*s"m), ||Gyn`Ê*ci"um (jn`*s"m), } n. [L., fr. Gr.
gynaikei^on women's apartments, fr. gynh` a woman.] That part of a
large house, among the ancients, exclusively appropriated to women.
[Written also gyneceum, gynecium.] Tennyson.

Gy*nÊ"cian (j*n"shan), a. The same as Gynecian.

Gy*nÊ"co*phore (j*n"k*fr), n. [Gr. gynaikei^on the women's apartments +
fe`rein to bear.] (Zoˆl.) A ventral canal or groove, in which the males
of some diúcious trematodes carry the female. See Illust. of HÊmatozoa.

Gy*nan"der (j*nn"dr), n. [See Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A plant having the
stamens inserted in the pistil.

||Gy*nan"dri*a (-dr*), n. pl. [NL. See Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A class of
||plants in the LinnÊan system, whose stamens grow out of, or are
||united with, the pistil.

{ Gy*nan"dri*an (-an), Gy*nan"drous (- drs), } a. [Gr. gy`nandros of
doubtful sex; gynh` a woman + 'anh`r, 'andro`s, man: cf. F. gynandre.]
(Bot.) Having stamens inserted in the pistil; belonging to the class
Gynandria.

Gy*nan"dro*morph (-dr*mÙrf), n. (Zoˆl.) An animal affected with
gynandromorphism.

Gy*nan`dro*mor"phism (- mÙr"fz'm),n. [Gr. gynh` a woman, female +
'anh`r, 'andro`s, a man, male + morfh` form.] (Zoˆl.) An abnormal
condition of certain animals, in which one side has the external
characters of the male, and the other those of the female.

Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous (-fs), a. (Zoˆl.) Affected with gynandromorphism.

Gy*nan"ther*ous (-thr*s), a. [Gr. gynh` a woman + E. anther.] (Bot.)
Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the stamens
are converted into pistils. R. Brown.

Gyn"ar*chy (jn"r*k), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman + -archy.] Government by a
woman. Chesterfield.

||Gyn`e*ce"um (jn`*s"m), n. See GynÊceum.

Gy*ne"cian (j*n"shan), a. [Gr. gynaikei^os.] Of or relating to women.

Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy (jn`*kk"r*s), n. [Gr. gynaikokrati`a; gynh`, gynaiko`s,
a woman + kratei^n to rule: cf. F. gynÈcocratie. Cf. Gynocracy.]
Government by a woman, female power; gyneocracy. Bailey.

Gyn`e*co*log"ic*al (jn`*k*lj"*kal or g`n-), a. Of or pertaining to
gynecology.

Gyn`e*col"o*gy (jn`*kl"*j or g`n-), n. [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman +
-logy.] The science which treats of the structure and diseases of
women. -- Gyn`e*col"o*gist.

Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy (jn`*k"r*s), n. See Gynecocracy.

Gyn`e*ol"a*try (-l"*tr), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman + latrei`a worship.] The
adoration or worship of woman.

    The sentimental gyneolatry of chivalry, which was at best but
    skin-deep.


Lowell.

||Gyn`e*pho"bi*a (-f"b*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gynh` a woman + fo`bos
||fear.] Hatred of women; repugnance to the society of women. Holmes.

Gyn"ne (gn"ne), v. i. To begin. See Gin. [Obs.]

Gyn"o*base (jn"*bs), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman, female + E. base.] (Bot.) A
dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular ovary.

Gyn`o*ba"sic (-b"sk), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.

Gy*noc"ra*cy (j*nk"r*s), n. [See Gynecocracy.] Female government;
gynecocracy.

    The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute despotism
    to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate stages of
    oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even gynocracy; for I myself
    remember Alsatia governed for nearly nine months by an old
    fishwoman.


Sir W. Scott.

Gy`no*di*ú"cious (j`n*d*"shs), a. [Gr. gynh` a woman + E. diúcious.]
(Bot.) Diúcious, but having some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers on an
individual plant which bears mostly pistillate flowers.

||Gy*nú"ci*um (j*n"s*m or -sh*m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gynh` a woman +
||oi^kos house.] (Bot.) The pistils of a flower, taken collectively.
||See Illust. of Carpophore.

Gyn"o*phore (jn"*fr), n. [Gr. gynh` woman, female + fe`rein to bear,
produce: cf. F. gynophore.] 1. (Bot.) The pedicel raising the pistil or
ovary above the stamens, as in the passion flower. Lindley.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the branches bearing the female gonophores, in
certain Siphonophora.

Gyp (jp), n. [Said to be a sportive application of Gr. gy`ps a
vulture.] A college servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at
Oxford called a scout. [Cant]

Gypse (jps), n. [F.] See Gypsum. [Obs.] Pococke.

Gyp"se*ous (jp"s*s), a. [L. gypseus. See Gypsum.] Resembling or
containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.

Gyp"sey (-s), n. A gypsy. See Gypsy.

Gyp*sif"er*ous (jp*sf"r*s), a. [Gypsum + -ferous: cf. F. gypsifËre.]
Containing gypsum.

Gyp"sine (jp"sn), a. Gypseous. [R.] Chambers.

Gyp*sog"ra*phy (jp*sg"r*f), n. [Gypsum + -graphy.] The act or art of
engraving on gypsum.

Gyp"so*plast (jp"s*plst), n. [Gypsum + Gr. pla`ssein to mold.] A cast
taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.

Gyp"sum (jp"sm), n. [L. gypsum, Gr. gy`psos; cf. Ar. jibs plaster,
mortar, Per. jabsn lime.] (Min.) A mineral consisting of the hydrous
sulphate of lime (calcium). When calcined, stype forms plaster of
Paris. Selenite is a transparent, crystalline variety; alabaster, a
fine, white, massive variety.

Gyp"sy (jp"s), n.; pl. Gypsies (-sz). [OE. Gypcyan, F. Ègyptien
Egyptian, gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See Egyptian.] [Also spelled gipsy and
gypsey.] 1. One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally
from India, entered Europe in the 14th or 15th century, and are now
scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by
theft, fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. Bohemian,
Romany.

    Like a right gypsy, hath, at fast and loose, Beguiled me to the
    very heart of loss.


Shak.

2. The language used by the gypsies.

3. A dark-complexioned person. Shak.

4. A cunning or crafty person [Colloq.] Prior.

Gyp"sy a. Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies.

Gypsy hat, a woman's or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually of straw or
felt. -- Gypsy winch, a small winch, which may be operated by a crank,
or by a ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.

<! p. 661 pr=JMD !>

Gyp"sy (jp"s), v. i. To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods. Mostly,
Gyp"sy*ing, vb. n.

Gyp"sy*ism (jp"s*z'm), n. 1. The arts and practices or habits of
gypsies; deception; cheating; flattery.

2. The state of a gypsy.

Gyp"sy*wort` (-w˚rt`), n. (Bot.) A labiate plant (the Lycopus
EuropÊus). Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its juice.

||Gyr`a*can"thus (jr`*kn"ths), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gyro`s round + 'a`kanqa
||spine.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil fishes, found in Devonian and
||carboniferous strata; -- so named from their round, sculptured
||spines.

Gy"ral (j"ral), a. [See Gyre.] 1. Moving in a circular path or way;
whirling; gyratory.

2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution.

Gy"rant (-rant), a. Gyrating. [R.]

Gy"rate (-rt), a. [L. gyratus made in a circular form, p. p. of
gyrare.] Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a
circular course.

Gy"rate (-rt), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gyrated (-r*td); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gyrating.] [L. gyratus, p. p. of gyrare to gyrate. See Gyre, n.] To
revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an axis, as a
tornado; to revolve.

Gy*ra"tion (j*r"shn), n. 1. The act of turning or whirling, as around a
fixed center; a circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis;
rotation; revolution.

    The gyrations of an ascending balloon.


De Quincey.

    If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with gyrations
    continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire.


Sir I. Newton.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell.

Center of gyration. (Mech.) See under Center. -- Radius of gyration,
the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center of
gyration. Rankine.

Gy"ra*to*ry (j"r*t*r), a. Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving;
whirling around.

Gyre (jr), n. [L. gyrus, Gr. gy^ros, cf. gyro`s round.] A circular
motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or revolution; a
circuit.

    Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres.


Dryden.

    Still expanding and ascending gyres.


Mrs. Browning.

Gyre, v. t. & i. [Cf. OF. gyrer, girer. See Gyrate.] To turn round; to
gyrate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Drayton.

Gyre"ful (-fl), a. Abounding in gyres. [Obs.]

||Gyr`en*ceph"a*la (jr`n*sf"*l), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gyro`s round +
||'egke`falos the brain.] (Zoˆl.) The higher orders of Mammalia, in
||which the cerebrum is convoluted. -- Gyr`en*ceph"a*lous (-ls), a.

Gyr"fal`con (jr"f`k'n), n. [OE. gerfaucon, OF. gerfaucon, LL.
gyrofalco, perh. fr. L. gyrus circle + falco falcon, and named from its
circling flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See Gyre, n., Falcon.] (Zoˆl.)
One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp.
Falco rusticolus and the white species F. Islandicus, both of which are
circumpolar. The black and the gray are varieties of the former. See
Illust. of Accipiter. [Written also gerfalcon, gierfalcon, and
jerfalcon.]

||Gy"ri (j"r), n. pl. See Gyrus.

Gyr"land (gr"land), v. t. [See Garland.] To garland. [Obs.]

    Their hair loose and flowing, gyrlanded with sea grass.


B. Jonson.

||Gyr"o*dus (jr"*ds), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gyro`s round + 'odoy`s tooth.]
||(Paleon.) A genus of extinct oˆlitic fishes, having rounded teeth in
||several rows adapted for crushing.

Gy*rog"o*nite (j*rg"*nt), n. [Gr. gy^ros circle, ring + go`nos fruit.]
(Paleon.) The petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of
stonewort. See Stonewort. Lyell.

Gy*roid"al (j*roid"al), a. [Gr. gy^ros circle + -oid + -al.] 1. Spiral
in arrangement or action.

2. (Crystallog.) Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they
incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical line; -- said of
certain hemihedral forms.

3. (Opt.) Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to
the right or left.

||Gy*rol"e*pis (j*rl"*ps), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gyro`s round + lepi`s
||scale.] (Paleon.) A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the
||new red sandstone, and the lias bone beds. Agassiz.

||Gy*ro"ma (j*r"m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gyroy^n to round, bend, fr. gyro`s
||round.] A turning round. [R.]

Gyr"o*man`cy (jr"*mn`s or j"r-), n. [Gr. gy^ros ring, circle + -mancy:
cf. F. gyromancie.] A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or
circle, and walking in or around it. Brande & C.

Gy"ron (j"rn), n. [F. giron; of German origin. See Gore a piece of
cloth.] (Her.) A subordinary of triangular form having one of its
angles at the fess point and the opposite side at the edge of the
escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by
two lines drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter
side, and one to the dexter chief corner.

Gy"ron*ny (j"rn*n), a. [F. gironnÈ.] (Her.) Covered with gyrons, or
divided so as to form several gyrons; -- said of an escutcheon.

Gy"ro-pi`geon (j"r*pj`n), n. [L. gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon.] A
flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a
spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches. Knight.

Gy"ro*scope (j"r*skp), n. [Gr. gy^ros ring, circle + - scope.] 1. A
rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the
dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It was
devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the
rotascope.

2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so
delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through the
tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of
rotation, independently of the earth's motion.

Gy`ro*scop"ic (-skp"k), a. Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the
motion of the gyroscope.

Gy*rose" (j*rs" or j"rs), a. [See Gyre.] (Bot.) Turned round like a
crook, or bent to and fro. Loudon.

Gy"ro*stat (j"r*stt), n. [Gr. gy^ros ring, circle + "ista`nai to cause
to stand.] (Physics) A modification of the gyroscope, consisting
essentially of a fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is
attached a thin flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is
used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.

Gy`ro*stat"ic (-stt"k), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the gyrostat
or to gyrostatics.

Gy`ro*stat"ics (-ks), n. (Physics) The doctrine or theory of the
gyrostat, or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.

||Gy"rus (j"rs), n.; pl. Gyri (-r). [L. See Gyre, n.] A convoluted
||ridge between grooves; a convolution; as, the gyri of the brain; the
||gyri of brain coral. See Brain.

Gyse (gz), n. Guise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gyte (gt), a. Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean
gyte. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gyve (jv), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibhionn, Gael.
geimheal.] A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter.
[Written also give.]

    Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves.


Shak.

    With gyves upon his wrist.


Hood.

Gyve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gyved (jvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Gyving.] To
fetter; to shackle; to chain. Spenser.

    I will gyve thee in thine own courtship.


Shak.

H.

H (ch), the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the
consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as
that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to
form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet,
as sh, th, , as in shall, thing, ine (for zh see ß274); also, to modify
the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with
the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as
in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of
f, as in phase, phantom. In some words, mostly derived or introduced
from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those
consonants have the hard sound before e, i, and y, as in chemistry,
chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others, ch has the
sound of sh, as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 153, 179,
181-3, 237-8.

The name (aitch) is from the French ache; its form is from the Latin,
and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus
asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr.
&eta;. The Greek H is from Phúnician, the ultimate origin probably
being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c; as in E.
horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E. hide, L. cutis,
Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. "e- kat-on, Skr. ata.

H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.

H (h‰). (Mus.) The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by
the Germans for B natural. See B.

Ha (h‰), interj. [AS.] An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief.
Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of
emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha,
it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of
derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so."

    Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke.


Carlyle.

Haaf (h‰f), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan.
hav, perh. akin to E. haven.] The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and
tusk, off the Shetland Isles.

Haak (hk), n. (Zoˆl.) A sea fish. See Hake. Ash.

Haar (h‰r), n. [See Hoar.] A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill
wind. [Scot.] T. Chalmers.

||Ha"be*as cor"pus (h"b*s kÙr"ps). [L. you may have the body.] (Law) A
||writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge;
||especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment
||or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to
||personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify
||in a pending trial. Bouvier.

||Ha*ben"dum (h*bn"dm), n. [L., that must be had.] (Law) That part of a
||deed which follows the part called the premises, and determines the
||extent of the interest or estate granted; -- so called because it
||begins with the word Habendum. Kent.

Hab"er*dash (hb"r*dsh), v. i. [See Haberdasher.] To deal in small
wares. [R.]

    To haberdash in earth's base ware.


Quarles.

Hab"er*dash`er (-dsh`r), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery,
trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack, and
to Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche pocket, and the orig.
sense was perh., peddler's wares.] 1. A dealer in small wares, as
tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.]

    The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats.


Gascoigne.

2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks,
trimmings, etc.

Hab"er*dash`er*y (-), n. The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher;
also (Fig.), trifles. Burke.

Hab`er*dine" (hb`r*dn" or h"br*dn), n. [D. abberdaan, labberdaan; or a
French form, cf. OF. habordeau, from the name of a Basque district, cf.
F. Labourd, adj. Labourdin. The l was misunderstood as the French
article.] A cod salted and dried. Ainsworth.

Ha*ber"ge*on (h*br"j*n or hb"r*jn), n. [F. haubergeon a small hauberk,
dim. of OF. hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk.] Properly, a short
hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk. Chaucer.

Hab"i*la*to*ry (hb"*l*t*r), a. Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing
clothes. Ld. Lytton.

Hab"ile (hb"l), a. [F. habile, L. habilis. See Able, Habit.] Fit;
qualified; also, apt. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ha*bil"i*ment (h*bl"*ment), n. [F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress,
clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L.
habilis. See Habile.] 1. A garment; an article of clothing. Camden.

2. pl. Dress, in general. Shak.

Ha*bil"i*ment*ed, a. Clothed. Taylor (1630).

Ha*bil"i*tate (-tt), a. [LL. habilitatus, p. p. of habilitare to
enable.] Qualified or entitled. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ha*bil"i*tate (-tt), v. t. To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to
entitle. Johnson.

Ha*bil`i*ta"tion (-t"shn), n. [LL. habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation.]
Equipment; qualification. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ha*bil"i*ty (h*bl"*t), n. [See Ability.] Ability; aptitude. [Obs.]
Robynson (More's Utopia).

Hab"it (hb"t) n. [OE. habit, abit, F. habit fr. L. habitus state,
appearance, dress, fr. habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to
E. have. See Have, and cf. Able, Binnacle, Debt, Due, Exhibit, Malady.]
1. The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or
acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained;
as, a religious habit; his habit is morose; elms have a spreading
habit; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a full habit of
body.

2. (Biol.) The general appearance and manner of life of a living
organism.

3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice;
usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to
perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition;
as, habit is second nature; also, peculiar ways of acting;
characteristic forms of behavior.

    A man of very shy, retired habits.


W. Irving.

4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely
fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding habit.

    Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy.


Shak.

    There are, among the statues, several of Venus, in different
    habits.


Addison.

Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion. -- Habit, Custom.
Habit is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally,
and with growing certainty, what we do often; custom is external, being
habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two
operate reciprocally on each other. The custom of giving produces a
habit of liberality; habits of devotion promote the custom of going to
church. Custom also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes
of procedure; habit is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature"
which grows up within us.

    How use doth breed a habit in a man !


Shak.

    He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute, Consent, or custom.


Milton.

Hab"it (hb"t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Habited; p. pr. & vb. n. Habiting.]
[OE. habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. habitare to have frequently,
to dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See Habit, n.] 1. To inhabit.
[Obs.]

    In thilke places as they [birds] habiten.


Rom. of R.

2. To dress; to clothe; to array.

    They habited themselves like those rural deities.


Dryden.

3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Chapman.

Hab`it*a*bil"i*ty (- *bl"*t), n. Habitableness.

Hab"it*a*ble (hb"t**b'l), a. [F. habitable, L. habitabilis.] Capable of
being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as, the habitable
world. -- Hab"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Hab"it*a*bly, adv.

<! p. 662 pr=JMD !>

Hab"it*a*cle (hb"t**k'l), n. [F. habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L.
habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle, Habit, v.] A dwelling place.
Chaucer. Southey.

Ha`bi`tan" (`b`t‰"), n. Same as Habitant, 2.

    General Arnold met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the
    feelings of the habitans or French yeomanry.


W. Irwing.

Hab"it*ance (hb"t*ans), n. [OF. habitance, LL. habitantia.] Dwelling;
abode; residence. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hab"it*an*cy (-an*s), n. Same as Inhabitancy.

Hab"it*ant (-ant), n. [F. habitant. See Habit, v. t.]

1. An inhabitant; a dweller. Milton. Pope.

2. [F. pron. `b`t‰"] An inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to
and denoting farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially
in the Province of Quebec; -- usually in the plural.

    The habitants or cultivators of the soil.


Parkman.

Hab"i*tat (hb"*tt), n. [L., it dwells, fr. habitare. See Habit, v. t.]
1. (Biol.) The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.

2. Place where anything is commonly found.

    This word has its habitat in Oxfordshire.


Earle.

Hab`i*ta"tion (-t"shn), n. [F. habitation, L. habitatio.] 1. The act of
inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited;
occupancy. Denham.

2. Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house.

    The Lord . . . blesseth the habitation of the just.


Prov. iii. 33.

Hab"i*ta`tor (hb"*t`tr), n. [L.] A dweller; an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.

Hab"it*ed (-t*d), p. p. & a. 1. Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was
habited like a shepherd.

2. Fixed by habit; accustomed. [Obs.]

    So habited he was in sobriety.


Fuller.

3. Inhabited. [Archaic]

    Another world, which is habited by the ghosts of men and women.


Addison.

Ha*bit"u*al (h*bt"*al; 135), a. [Cf. F. habituel, LL. habitualis. See
Habit, n.] 1. Formed or acquired by habit or use.

    An habitual knowledge of certain rules and maxims.


South.

2. According to habit; established by habit; customary; constant; as,
the habitual practice of sin.

    It is the distinguishing mark of habitual piety to be grateful for
    the most common and ordinary blessings.


Buckminster.

Syn. -- Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted; ordinary;
regular; familiar.

-- Ha*bit"u*al*ly, adv. -- Ha*bit"u*al*ness, n.

Ha*bit"u*ate (-t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Habituated (- `td); p. pr. & vb.
n. Habituating (-`tng).] [L. habituatus, p. p. of habituare to bring
into a condition or habit of body: cf. F. habituer. See Habit.] 1. To
make accustomed; to accustom; to familiarize.

    Our English dogs, who were habituated to a colder clime.


Sir K. Digby.

    Men are first corrupted . . . and next they habituate themselves to
    their vicious practices.


Tillotson.

2. To settle as an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

Ha*bit"u*ate (-t), a. Firmly established by custom; formed by habit;
habitual. [R.] Hammond.

Ha*bit`u*a"tion (-"shn), n. [Cf. F. habituation.] The act of
habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.

Hab"i*tude (hb"*td), n. [F., fr. L. habitudo condition. See Habit.] 1.
Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state with reference to
something else; established or usual relations. South.

    The same ideas having immutably the same habitudes one to another.


Locke.

    The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than their
    habitudes of thinking.


Landor.

2. Habitual association, intercourse, or familiarity.

    To write well, one must have frequent habitudes with the best
    company.


Dryden.

3. Habit of body or of action. Shak.

    It is impossible to gain an exact habitude without an infinite
    number of acts and perpetual practice.


Dryden.

||Ha`bi`tu`È" (`b`t`"), n. [F., p. p. of habituer. See Habituate.] One
||who habitually frequents a place; as, an habituÈ of a theater.

Hab"i*ture (hb"*tr; 135), n. Habitude. [Obs.]

||Hab"i*tus (-ts), n. [L.] (Zoˆl.) Habitude; mode of life; general
||appearance.

Ha"ble (h"b'l), a. See Habile. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hab"nab (hb"nb), adv. [Hobnob.] By chance. [Obs.]

Hach"ure (hch"r), n. [F., fr. hacher to hack. See Hatching.] (Fine
Arts) A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in shading
and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See Hatching.

||Ha`ci*en"da (‰`th*n"d or h‰`s*n"d), n. [Sp., fr. OSp. facienda
||employment, estate, fr. L. facienda, pl. of faciendum what is to be
||done, fr. facere to do. See Fact.] A large estate where work of any
||kind is done, as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of
||animals; a cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a
||farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word
||used in Spanish-American regions.

Hack (hk), n. [See Hatch a half door.] 1. A frame or grating of various
kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or cheese; a rack for
feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race, etc.

2. Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for drying.

Hack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hacked (hkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Hacking.] [OE.
hakken, AS. haccian; akin to D. hakken, G. hacken, Dan. hakke, Sw.
hacka, and perh. to E. hew. Cf. Hew to cut, Haggle.] 1. To cut
irregulary, without skill or definite purpose; to notch; to mangle by
repeated strokes of a cutting instrument; as, to hack a post.

    My sword hacked like a handsaw.


Shak.

2. Fig.: To mangle in speaking. Shak.

Hack, v. i. To cough faintly and frequently, or in a short, broken
manner; as, a hacking cough.

Hack, n. 1. A notch; a cut. Shak.

2. An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick used in breaking
stone.

3. A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken cough. Dr. H. More.

4. (Football) A kick on the shins. T. Hughes.

Hack saw, a handsaw having a narrow blade stretched in an iron frame,
for cutting metal.

Hack (hk), n. [Shortened fr. hackney. See Hackney.]

1. A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire; also, a horse used in
all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as distinguished from hunting and
carriage horses.

2. A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly, a coach with two
seats inside facing each other; a hackney coach.

    On horse, on foot, in hacks and gilded chariots.


Pope.

3. A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort of literary work; an
overworked man; a drudge.

    Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed, Who long was a
    bookseller's hack.


Goldsmith.

4. A procuress.

Hack, a. Hackneyed; hired; mercenary. Wakefield.

Hack writer, a hack; one who writes for hire. "A vulgar hack writer."
Macaulay.

Hack, v. t. 1. To use as a hack; to let out for hire.

2. To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to render trite and
commonplace.

    The word "remarkable" has been so hacked of late.


J. H. Newman.

Hack, v. i. 1. To be exposed or offered to common use for hire; to turn
prostitute. Hanmer.

2. To live the life of a drudge or hack. Goldsmith.

Hack"a*more (-*mr), n. [Cf. Sp. jaquima headstall of a halter.] A
halter consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, --
used for leading or tieing a pack animal. [Western U. S.]

Hack"ber`ry (hk"br`r), n. (Bot.) A genus of trees (Celtis) related to
the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often edible, pulp. C.
occidentalis is common in the Eastern United States. Gray.

Hack"bolt` (-blt`), n. (Zoˆl.) The greater shearwater or hagdon. See
Hagdon.

Hack"buss (-bs), n. Same as Hagbut.

Hack"ee (-), n. (Zoˆl.) The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or red
squirrel. [U. S.]

Hack"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting
instrument for making notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees
in collecting turpentine; a hack.

Hack"er*y (-), n. [Hind. chhakr.] A cart with wooden wheels, drawn by
bullocks. [Bengal] Malcom.

Hac"kle (hk"k'l), n. [See Heckle, and cf. Hatchel.]

1. A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a hatchel.

2. Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk.

3. One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on the neck of fowls,
most noticeable on the cock, -- often used in making artificial flies;
hence, any feather so used.

4. An artificial fly for angling, made of feathers.

Hac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Hackling
(-klng).] 1. To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the
fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel.

2. To tear asunder; to break in pieces.

    The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to
    pieces.


Burke.

Hac"kly (hk"l), a. [From Hackle.] 1. Rough or broken, as if hacked.

2. (Min.) Having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; as, the
hackly fracture of metallic iron.

Hack"man (-man), n.; pl. Hackmen (-men). The driver of a hack or
carriage for public hire.

Hack"ma*tack` (-m*tk`), n. [Of American Indian origin.] (Bot.) The
American larch (Larix Americana), a coniferous tree with slender
deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained timber. Called also
tamarack.

Hack"ney (-n), n.; pl. Hackneys (-nz). [OE. hakeney, hakenay; cf. F.
haquenÈe a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also haguenÈe, Sp.
hacanea, OSp. facanea, D. hakkenei, also OF. haque horse, Sp. haca,
OSp. faca; perh. akin to E. hack to cut, and nag, and orig. meaning, a
jolting horse. Cf. Hack a horse, Nag.] 1. A horse for riding or
driving; a nag; a pony. Chaucer.

2. A horse or pony kept for hire.

3. A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney coach.

4. A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute.

Hack"ney, a. Let out for hire; devoted to common use; hence, much used;
trite; mean; as, hackney coaches; hackney authors. "Hackney tongue."
Roscommon.

Hack"ney, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackneyed (-nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hackneying.] 1. To devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or
carriage; to wear out in common service; to make trite or commonplace;
as, a hackneyed metaphor or quotation.

    Had I so lavish of my presence been, So common-hackneyed in the
    eyes of men.


Shak.

2. To carry in a hackney coach. Cowper.

Hack"ney*man (-mn), n.; pl. Hackneymen (-mn). A man who lets horses and
carriages for hire.

Hack"ster (-str), n. [From Hack to cut.] A bully; a bravo; a ruffian;
an assassin. [Obs.] Milton.

Hac"que*ton (hk"k*tn), n. Same as Acton. [Obs.]

Had (hd), imp. & p. p. of Have. [OE. had, hafde, hefde, AS. hÊfde.] See
Have.

Had as lief, Had rather, Had better, Had as soon, etc., with a
nominative and followed by the infinitive without to, are well
established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the
dative with forms of be, followed by the infinitive. See Had better,
under Better.

    And lever me is be pore and trewe. [And more agreeable to me it is
    to be poor and true.]


C. Mundi (Trans.).

    Him had been lever to be syke. [To him it had been preferable to be
    sick.]


Fabian.

    For him was lever have at his bed's head Twenty bookes, clad in
    black or red, . . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie.


Chaucer.

Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and had for
the forms of be. During the process of transition, the nominative with
was or were, and the dative with had, are found.

    Poor lady, she were better love a dream.


Shak.

    You were best hang yourself.


Beau. & Fl.

    Me rather had my heart might feel your love Than my unpleased eye
    see your courtesy.


Shak.

    I hadde levere than my scherte, That ye hadde rad his legende, as
    have I.


Chaucer.

    I had as lief not be as live to be In awe of such a thing as I
    myself.


Shak.

    I had rather be a dog and bay the moon, Than such a Roman.


Shak.

    I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell
    in the tents of wickedness.


Ps. lxxxiv. 10.

Had"der (hd"dr), n. Heather; heath. [Obs.] Burton.

Had"die (-d), n. (Zoˆl.) The haddock. [Scot.]

Had"dock (-dk), n. [OE. hadok, haddok, of unknown origin; cf. Ir.
codog, Gael. adag, F. hadot.] (Zoˆl.) A marine food fish (Melanogrammus
Êglefinus), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe
and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side
of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie.

Norway haddock, a marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern
Europe and America. See Rose fish.

Hade (hd), n. [Cf. AS. heald inclined, bowed down, G. halde declivity.]
1. The descent of a hill. [Obs.]

2. (Mining) The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any
mineral vein.

Hade, v. i. (Mining) To deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein,
fault, or lode.

Ha"des (h"dz), n. [Gr. "a',dhs, "A'idhs; 'a priv. + 'idei^n to see. Cf.
Un-, Wit.] The nether world (according to classical mythology, the
abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible
world; the grave.

    And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them.


Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver.).

    Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption.


Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.).

    And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments.


Luke xvi. 23 (Rev. Ver.).

||Hadj (hj), n. [Ar. hajj, fr. hajja to set out, walk, go on a
||pilgrimage.] The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Mohammedans.

Hadj"i (-), n. [Ar. hjj. See Hadj.] 1. A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca;
-- used among Orientals as a respectful salutation or a title of honor.
G. W. Curtis.

2. A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at Jerusalem.
Heyse.

||Had`ro*sau"rus (hd`r*s"rs), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "adro`s thick + say^ros
||lizard.] (Paleon.) An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size,
||allied to the iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation.

HÊc*ce"i*ty (hk*s"*t), [L. hÊcce this.] (Logic) Literally, this-ness. A
scholastic term to express individuality or singleness; as, this book.

HÊm"a- (hm"- or h"m-), HÊm"a*to- (hm"*t- or h"m*t-), HÊm"o- (hm"- or
h"m-). [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] Combining forms indicating
relation or resemblance to blood, association with blood; as, hÊmapod,
hÊmatogenesis, hÊmoscope.

Words from Gr. a"i^ma are written hema-, hemato-, hemo-, as well as
hÊma-, hÊmato-, hÊmo-.

HÊm"a*chrome (hm"*krm or h"m-), n. [HÊma- + Gr. chrw^ma color.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Hematin.

HÊm`a*cy"a*nin (-s"*nn), n. [HÊma- + Gr. ky`anos a dark blue
substance.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance found in the blood of the
octopus, which gives to it its blue color.

When deprived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes quickly blue in
contact with oxygen, and is then generally called oxyhÊmacyanin. A
similar blue coloring matter has been detected in small quantity in the
blood of other animals and in the bile.

HÊm`a*cy*tom"e*ter (- s*tm"*tr), n. [HÊma + Gr. ky`tos a hollow vessel
+ - meter.] (Physiol.) An apparatus for determining the number of
corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.

HÊ"mad (h"md), adv. [HÊma- + L. ad toward.] (Anat.) Toward the hÊmal
side; on the hÊmal side of; -- opposed to neurad.

{ HÊm`a*drom"e*ter (hm`*drm"*tr or h`m- ), HÊm`a*dro*mom"e*ter (-
dr*mm"*tr), } n. Same as Hemadrometer.

{ HÊm`a*drom"e*try (- drm"*tr),HÊm`a*dro*mom"e*try (- dr*mm"*tr), } n.
Same as Hemadrometry.

HÊm`a*drom"o*graph (-drm"*grf), n. [HÊma- + Gr. dro`mos course +
-graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for registering the velocity of the
blood.

HÊ`ma*dy*nam"e*ter (h`m*d*nm"*tr or hm`*d-) HÊ`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter
(h`m*d`n*mm"*tr or hm`*dn`-), Same as Hemadynamometer.

HÊma*dy*nam"ics (h`m*d*nm"ks or hm`*d-), n. Same as Hemadynamics.

HÊ"mal (h"mal), a. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] Pertaining to the blood or blood
vessels; also, ventral. See Hemal.

HÊm`a*phÊ"in (hm`*f"n or h`m-), n. [HÊma- + Gr. faio`s dusky.]
(Physiol.) A brownish substance sometimes found in the blood, in cases
of jaundice.

HÊm"a*pod (hm"*pd or h"m*pd), n. [HÊma + -pod.] (Zoˆl.) An hÊmapodous
animal. G. Rolleston.

<! p. 663 pr=JMD !>

HÊ*map"o*dous (h*mp"*ds), a. (Anat.) Having the limbs on, or directed
toward, the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; -- opposed to
neuropodous.

HÊm`a*poi*et"ic (hm`*poi*t"k or h`m-), a. [HÊma- + Gr. poihtiko`s
productive.] (Physiol.) Blood-forming; as, the hÊmapoietic function of
the spleen.

||HÊm`a*poph"y*sis (- pf"*ss), n. [NL.] Same as Hemapophysis. --
||HÊm`a*po*phys"i*al (- p*fz"*al), a.

HÊm`a*stat"ics, n. Same as Hemastatics.

HÊm`a*ta*chom"e*ter (- t*km"*tr), n. [HÊma- + Gr. tachy`s swift +
-meter.] (Physiol.) A form of apparatus (somewhat different from the
hemadrometer) for measuring the velocity of the blood.

HÊm`a*ta*chom"e*try (-tr), n. (Physiol.) The measurement of the
velocity of the blood.

HÊm`a*tem"e*sis, n. Same as Hematemesis.

HÊ*mat"ic (h*mt"k), a. [Gr. a"imatiko`s] Of or pertaining to the blood;
sanguine; brownish red.

HÊmatic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a hypothetical acid, supposed to be
formed from hemoglobin during its oxidation in the lungs, and to have
the power of freeing carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the
serum. Thudichum.

HÊm"a*tin, n. Same as Hematin.

HÊm`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n. Same as Hematinometer.

HÊm`a*tin`o*met"ric, a. Same as Hematinometric.

HÊm"a*tite, n. Same as Hematite.

HÊm`a*tit"ic (hm`*tt"k), a. (Zoˆl.) Of a blood-red color; crimson;
(Bot.) brownish red.

HÊm"a*to- (hm"*t- or h"- ), prefix. See HÊma-.

HÊm"a*to*blast` (-blst`), n. [HÊmato- + -blast.] (Anat.) One of the
very minute, disk-shaped bodies found in blood with the ordinary red
corpuscles and white corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle,
supposed by some to be an early stage in the development of the red
corpuscles; -- called also blood plaque, and blood plate.

||HÊm`a*toc"ry*a (tk"r*), n. pl. (Zoˆl.) The cold-blooded vertebrates.
||Same as Hematocrya.

HÊm`*a*toc"ry*al (-al), a. Cold-blooded.

HÊm`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n. Same as Hematocrystallin.

HÊ`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter (h`m*t*d`n*mm"*tr or hm`*t*dn`-), n. Same as
Hemadynamometer.

HÊm`a*to*gen"e*sis (hm`*t*jn"*ss or h`m*t-), n. [HÊmato- + genesis.]
(Physiol.) (a) The origin and development of blood. (b) The
transformation of venous into arterial blood by respiration; hematosis.

HÊm`a*to*gen"ic (-jn"k), a. (Physiol.) Relating to hÊmatogenesis.

HÊm`a*tog"e*nous (-tj"*ns), a. (Physiol.) Originating in the blood.

HÊm`a*to*glob"u*lin, n. Same as Hematoglobulin.

HÊm"a*toid, a. Same as Hematoid.

HÊm`a*toid"in, n. Same as Hematoidin.

HÊ*mat"o*in (h*mt"*n), n. [HÊmato- + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance
formed from the hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the
action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called
respectively hÊmatoporphyrin and hÊmatolin, are formed in a similar
manner.

HÊ*mat"o*lin (-ln), n. See HÊmatoin.

HÊm`a*tol"o*gy (hm`*tl"*j or h`m-), n. The science which treats of the
blood. Same as Hematology.

HÊm`a*tom"e*ter (-tm"*tr), n. [HÊmato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) (a) Same
as Hemadynamometer. (b) An instrument for determining the number of
blood corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.

||HÊm`a*to*phi*li"na (- t*f*l"n), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma,
||a"i`matos, blood +filei^n to love.] (Zoˆl.) A division of
||Cheiroptera, including the bloodsucking bats. See Vampire.

HÊm"a*to*plast` (-plst`), n. [HÊmato- + Gr. pla`ssein to mold.] (Anat.)
Same as HÊmatoblast.

HÊm`a*to*plas"tic (-pls"tk), a. [HÊmato- + -plastic.] (Physiol.) Blood
formative; -- applied to a substance in early fetal life, which breaks
up gradually into blood vessels.

HÊm`a*to*por"phy*rin (- pÙr"f*rn), n. [HÊmato- + Gr. porfy`ra purple.]
(Physiol. Chem.) See HÊmatoin.

HÊm"a*to*sac` (-sk`), n. [HÊmato- + sac.] (Anat.) A vascular sac
connected, beneath the brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum.

HÊm"a*to*scope` (-skp`), n. A hÊmoscope.

HÊm`a*to"sin (hm`*t"sn or h*mt"*sn), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Hematin. [R.]

||HÊm`a*to"sis, n. Same as Hematosis.

||HÊm`a*to*ther"ma (hm`*t*thr"m or h`m-), n. pl. (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Hematotherma.

HÊm`a*to*ther"mal (-mal), a. Warm-blooded; homoiothermal.

HÊm`a*to*tho"rax, n. Same as Hemothorax.

HÊm`a*tox"y*lin (-tks"*ln), n. [See HÊmatoxylon.] (Chem.) The coloring
principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow crystalline substance,
C16H14O6, with a sweetish taste. Formerly called also hematin.

||HÊm`a*tox"y*lon (-ln), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma blood + xy`lon wood.]
||(Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single species,
||the H. Campechianum or logwood tree, native in Yucatan.

||HÊm`a*to*zo"ˆn (-t*z"n), n.; pl. HÊmatozoa (- ). [NL., fr. Gr.
||a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + zw^,on animal.] (Zoˆl.) A parasite
||inhabiting the blood; esp.: (a) Certain species of nematodes of the
||genus Filaria, sometimes found in the blood of man, the horse, the
||dog, etc. (b) The trematode, Bilharzia hÊmatobia, which infests the
||inhabitants of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death.

HÊ"mic (h"mk or hm"k), a. Pertaining to the blood; hemal.

HÊ"min (h"mn), n. Same as Hemin.

HÊm"o- (hm"- or h"m-), prefix. See HÊma-.

HÊm"o*chrome (-krm), n. Same as HÊmachrome.

HÊm`o*chro"mo*gen (-kr"m*jn), n. [HÊmochrome + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A body obtained from hemoglobin, by the action of reducing agents in
the absence of oxygen.

HÊm`o*chro*mom"e*ter (- kr*mm"*tr), n. [HÊmochrome + -meter.] (Physiol.
Chem.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of hemoglobin in a fluid,
by comparing it with a solution of known strength and of normal color.

HÊm`o*cy"a*nin (-s"*nn), n. Same as HÊmacyanin.

||HÊm`o*cy*tol"y*sis (- s*tl"*ss), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma blood +
||ky`tos hollow vessel + ly`ein to loosen, dissolve.] (Physiol.) See
||HÊmocytotrypsis.

HÊm`o*cy*tom"e*ter, n. See HÊmacytometer.

||HÊm`o*cy`to*tryp"sis (- s`t*trp"ss), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma blood +
||ky`tos hollow vessel + tri`bein to rub, grind.] (Physiol.) A breaking
||up of the blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from
||solution of the corpuscles, or hÊmocytolysis.

HÊm`o*drom"o*graph, n. Same as HÊmadromograph.

HÊm`o*dro*mom"e*ter(- dr*mm"*tr),n.Same as Hemadrometer.

HÊ`mo*dy*nam"e*ter (h`m*d*nm"*tr or hm`*d-), n. Same as
Hemadynamometer.

HÊ`mo*dy*nam"ics,n.Same as Hemadynamics.

HÊm`o*glo"bin, n. Same as Hemoglobin.

HÊm`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter (- m"*tr), n. [HÊmoglobin + -meter.] Same as
Hemochromometer.

HÊm`o*lu"te*in (-l"t*n), n. [HÊmo- + corpus luteum.] (Physiol.) See
Hematoidin.

HÊm`o*ma*nom"e*ter (- m*nm"*tr), n. [HÊmo- + manometer.] Same as
Hemadynamometer.

HÊ*mom"e*ter (h*mm"*tr), n. [HÊmo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) Same as
Hemadynamometer.

HÊ"mo*ny (h"m*n), n. [L. HÊmonia a name of Thessaly, the land of
magic.] A plant described by Milton as "of sovereign use against all
enchantments."

HÊm`o*plas"tic, a. Same as HÊmatoplastic.

HÊm"or*rhoid"al, a. Same as Hemorrhoidal.

HÊm"o*scope (hm"*skp or h"m-), n. [HÊmo- + - scope.] (Physiol.) An
instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring the
thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination.

HÊm`o*stat"ic (-stt"k), a. Same as Hemostatic.

HÊm`o*ta*chom"e*ter (- t*km"*tr), n. Same as HÊmatachometer.

HÊm`o*ta*chom"e*try (-tr), n. Same as HÊmatachometry.

Haf (h‰f), imp. of Heave. Hove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Haf"fle (hf"f'l), v. i. [Cf. G. haften to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to
stop, stammer.] To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to prevaricate.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Haft (hft), n. [AS. hÊft; akin to D. & G. heft, Icel. hepti, and to E.
heave, or have. Cf. Heft.] 1. A handle; that part of an instrument or
vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; -- said
chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt.

    This brandish'd dagger I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast.


Dryden.

2. A dwelling. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Haft, v. t. To set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to haft a dagger.

Haft"er (-r), n. [Cf. G. haften to cling or stick to, and E. haffle.] A
caviler; a wrangler. [Obs.] Baret.

Hag (hg), n. [OE. hagge, hegge, witch, hag, AS. hÊgtesse; akin to OHG.
hagazussa, G. hexe, D. heks, Dan. hex, Sw. h‰xa. The first part of the
word is prob. the same as E. haw, hedge, and the orig. meaning was
perh., wood woman, wild woman. &radic;12.] 1. A witch, sorceress, or
enchantress; also, a wizard. [Obs.] "[Silenus] that old hag." Golding.

2. An ugly old woman.Dryden.

3. A fury; a she-monster. Crashaw.

4. (Zoˆl.) An eel-like marine marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied
to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a
single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotreta.
Called also hagfish, borer, slime eel, sucker, and sleepmarken.

5. (Zoˆl.) The hagdon or shearwater.

6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair.
Blount.

Hag moth (Zoˆl.), a moth (Phobetron pithecium), the larva of which has
curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees. -- Hag's tooth
(Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing.

Hag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hagged (hgd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hagging.] To
harass; to weary with vexation.

    How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy
    of omens.


L'Estrange.

Hag, n. [Scot. hag to cut; cf. E. hack.] 1. A small wood, or part of a
wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which
has been felled.

    This said, he led me over hoults and hags; Through thorns and
    bushes scant my legs I drew.


Fairfax.

2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut. Dugdale.

Hag"ber`ry (hg"br`r), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Prunus (P. Padus);
the bird cherry. [Scot.]

Hag"born` (-bÙrn`), a. Born of a hag or witch. Shak.

Hag"but (-bt), n. [OF. haquebute, prob. a corruption of D. haakbus;
haak hook + bus gun barrel. See Hook, and 2d Box, and cf. Arquebus.] A
harquebus, of which the but was bent down or hooked for convenience in
taking aim. [Written also haguebut and hackbuss.]

Hag"but*ter (hg"bt*tr), n. A soldier armed with a hagbut or arquebus.
[Written also hackbutter.] Froude.

Hag"don (hg"dn), n. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of sea birds of the
genus Puffinus; esp., P. major, the greater shearwarter, and P.
Stricklandi, the black hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also
hagdown, haglin, and hag. See Shearwater.

Hag"fish`(- fsh`),n.(Zoˆl.) See Hag, 4.

Hag*ga"da (hg*g‰"d), n.; pl. Haggadoth (- dth). [Rabbinic haggdh, fr.
Heb. higgdh to relate.] A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud, to
explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament. [Written also
hagada.]

Hag"gard (hg"grd), a. [F. hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning,
of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st Haw, and - ard.]
1. Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as,
a haggard or refractory hawk. [Obs.] Shak.

2. [For hagged, fr. hag a witch, influenced by haggard wild.] Having
the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed; having
the features distorted or wasted by pain; wild and wasted, or anxious
in appearance; as, haggard features, eyes.

    Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look.


Dryden.

Hag"gard, n. [See Haggard, a.] 1. (Falconry) A young or untrained hawk
or falcon.

2. A fierce, intractable creature.

    I have loved this proud disdainful haggard.


Shak.

3. [See Haggard, a., 2.] A hag. [Obs.] Garth.

Hag"gard, n. [See 1st Haw, Hedge, and Yard an inclosed space.] A
stackyard. [Prov. Eng.] Swift.

Hag"gard*ly, adv. In a haggard manner. Dryden.

Hag"ged (-gd), a. Like a hag; lean; ugly. [R.]

Hag"gis (-gs), n. [Scot. hag to hack, chop, E. hack. Formed, perhaps,
in imitation of the F. hachis (E. hash), fr. hacher.] A Scotch pudding
made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or lamb, minced with
suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned, and boiled in the stomach
of the same animal; minced head and pluck. [Written also haggiss,
haggess, and haggies.]

Hag"gish (-gsh), a. Like a hag; ugly; wrinkled.

    But on us both did haggish age steal on.


Shak.

Hag"gish*ly, adv. In the manner of a hag.

Hag"gle (hg"g'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haggled (-g'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Haggling (-glng).] [Freq. of Scot. hag, E. hack. See Hack to cut.] To
cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an
unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as, a boy
haggles a stick of wood.

    Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled o'er, Comes to him, where
    in gore he lay insteeped.


Shak.

Hag"gle, v. i. To be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small
matters; to chaffer; to higgle.

    Royalty and science never haggled about the value of blood.


Walpole.

Hag"gle, n. The act or process of haggling. Carlyle.

Hag"gler (hg"glr), n. 1. One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining.

2. One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and dealer
in London vegetable markets.

Ha"gi*ar`chy (h"j*‰r`k), n. [Gr. "a`gios sacred, holy + - archy.] A
sacred government; government by holy orders of men. Southey.

Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy (-k"r*s), n. [Gr. "a`gios holy, and kratei^n to govern.]
Government by a priesthood; hierarchy.

||Ha`gi*og"ra*pha (-g"r*f), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. "agio`grafa (sc.
||bibli`a), fr. "agio`grafos written by inspiration; "a`gios sacred,
||holy + gra`fein to write.] 1. The last of the three Jewish divisions
||of the Old Testament, or that portion not contained in the Law and
||the Prophets. It comprises Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth,
||Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and
||Chronicles.

2. (R. C. Ch.) The lives of the saints. Brande & C.

Ha`gi*og"ra*phal (-fal), Pertaining to the hagiographa, or to sacred
writings.

Ha`gi*og"ra*pher (-fr), n. One of the writers of the hagiographa; a
writer of lives of the saints. Shipley.

Ha`gi*og"ra*phy (-f; 277), n. Same as Hagiographa.

Ha`gi*ol"a*try (-l"*tr), n. [Gr. "a`gios sacred + latrei`a worship.]
The invocation or worship of saints.

Ha`gi*ol"o*gist (-*jst), n. One who treats of the sacred writings; a
writer of the lives of the saints; a hagiographer. Tylor.

    Hagiologists have related it without scruple.


Southey.

Ha`gi*ol"o*gy (-j), n. [Gr. "a`gios sacred + -logy.] The history or
description of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of
the lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints. J. H. Newman.

Ha"gi*o*scope` (h"j**skp`), n. [Gr. "a`gios sacred + -scope.] An
opening made in the interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a
view of the altar to those in the transepts; -- called, in
architecture, a squint. Hook.

Hag"-rid`den (hg"rd`d'n), a. Ridden by a hag or witch; hence, afflicted
with nightmare. Beattie. Cheyne.

<! p. 664 pr=JMD !>

Hag"seed` (hg"sd), n. The offspring of a hag. Shak.

Hag"ship, n. The state or title of a hag. Middleton.

Hag"-ta`per (-t`pr), n. [Cf. 1st Hag, and Hig-taper.] (Bot.) The great
woolly mullein (Verbascum Thapsus).

Hague"but (hg"bt), n. See Hagbut.

Hah (h‰), interj. Same as Ha.

Ha-ha" (h‰*h‰"), n. [See Haw-haw.] A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or
ditch, not visible till one is close upon it. [Written also haw- haw.]

Hai"ding*er*ite (h"dng*r*t), n. (Min.) A mineral consisting chiefly of
the arseniate of lime; -- so named in honor of W. Haidinger, of Vienna.

Hai"duck (h"dk), n. [G. haiduck, heiduck, fr. Hung. hajdu.] Formerly, a
mercenary foot soldier in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian
noble, or an attendant in German or Hungarian courts. [Written also
hayduck, haiduk, heiduc, heyduck, and heyduk.]

||Haik (hk; Ar. h‰*k), n. [Ar. hÔk, fr. hka to weave.] A large piece of
||woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an outer garment. [Written
||also hyke.] Heyse.

||Hai"kal (h"kal), n. The central chapel of the three forming the
||sanctuary of a Coptic church. It contains the high altar, and is
||usually closed by an embroidered curtain.

Hail (hl), n. [OE. hail, hael, AS. hÊgel, hagol; akin to D., G., Dan.,
& Sw. hagel; Icel. hagl; cf. Gr. ka`chlhx pebble.] Small roundish
masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed by
the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are called
hailstones.

    Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the
    Egyptian sky.


Milton.

Hail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hailed (hld); p. pr. & vb. n. Hailing.] [OE.
hailen, AS. hagalian.] To pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors.

Hail, v. t. To pour forcibly down, as hail. Shak.

Hail, a. Healthy. See Hale (the preferable spelling).

Hail, v. t. [OE. hailen, heilen, Icel. heill hale, sound, used in
greeting. See Hale sound.] 1. To call loudly to, or after; to accost;
to salute; to address.

2. To name; to designate; to call.

    And such a son as all men hailed me happy.


Milton.

Hail, v. i. 1. To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel
sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with
from; as, the steamer hails from New York.

2. To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come;
-- with from. [Colloq.] C. G. Halpine.

Hail, interj. [See Hail, v. t.] An exclamation of respectful or
reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting. "Hail,
brave friend." Shak.

All hail. See in the Vocabulary. -- Hail Mary, a form of prayer made
use of in the Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See
Ave Maria.

Hail, n. A wish of health; a salutation; a loud call. "Their puissant
hail." M. Arnold.

    The angel hail bestowed.


Milton.

Hail"-fel`low (-fl`l), n. An intimate companion.

    Hail-fellow well met.


Lyly.

Hailse (hls), v. t. [OE. hailsen, Icel. heilsa. Cf. Hail to call to.]
To greet; to salute. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Hail"shot` (hl"sht`), n. pl. Small shot which scatter like hailstones.
[Obs.] Hayward.

Hail"stone` (-stn`), n. A single particle of ice falling from a cloud;
a frozen raindrop; a pellet of hail.

Hail"storm` (-stÙrm`), n. A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of
hail.

Hail"y (-), a. Of hail. "Haily showers." Pope.

Hain (hn), v. t. [Cf. Sw. h‰gn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge,
fence. See Hedge.] To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A
ground . . . hained in." Holland.

Hain't (hnt). A contraction of have not or has not; as, I hain't, he
hain't, we hain't. [Colloq. or illiterate speech.] [Written also
han't.]

Hair (h‚r), n. [OE. her, heer, hÊr, AS. hr; akin to OFries. hr, D. & G.
haar, OHG. & Icel. hr, Dan. haar, Sw. hÂr; cf. Lith. kasa.] 1. The
collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and
forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole
of the body.

2. One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in vertebrate
animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a
bulbous root imbedded in the skin.

    Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs.


Chaucer.

    And draweth new delights with hoary hairs.


Spenser.

3. Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; as, hair for
stuffing cushions.

4. (Zoˆl.) A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects,
spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally
unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of
growth.

5. (Bot.) An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of
several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal
hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar).

6. A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm.

7. A haircloth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

8. Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth.

Hairs is often used adjectively or in combination; as, hairbrush or
hair brush, hair dye, hair oil, hairpin, hair powder, a brush, a dye,
etc., for the hair.

Against the hair, in a rough and disagreeable manner; against the
grain. [Obs.] "You go against the hair of your professions." Shak. --
Hair bracket (Ship Carp.), a molding which comes in at the back of, or
runs aft from, the figurehead. -- Hair cells (Anat.), cells with
hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the
internal ear. -- Hair compass, Hair divider, a compass or divider
capable of delicate adjustment by means of a screw. -- Hair glove, a
glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin. -- Hair lace, a netted fillet
for tying up the hair of the head. Swift. -- Hair line, a line made of
hair; a very slender line. -- Hair moth (Zoˆl.), any moth which
destroys goods made of hair, esp. Tinea biselliella. -- Hair pencil, a
brush or pencil made of fine hair, for painting; -- generally called by
the name of the hair used; as, a camel's hair pencil, a sable's hair
pencil, etc. - - Hair plate, an iron plate forming the back of the
hearth of a bloomery fire. -- Hair powder, a white perfumed powder, as
of flour or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of
the head, or on wigs. -- Hair seal (Zoˆl.), any one of several species
of eared seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion. -- Hair seating,
haircloth for seats of chairs, etc. -- Hair shirt, a shirt, or a band
for the loins, made of horsehair, and worn as a penance. -- Hair sieve,
a strainer with a haircloth bottom. -- Hair snake. See Gordius. -- Hair
space (Printing), the thinnest metal space used in lines of type. --
Hair stroke, a delicate stroke in writing. -- Hair trigger, a trigger
so constructed as to discharge a firearm by a very slight pressure, as
by the touch of a hair. Farrow. -- Not worth a hair, of no value. -- To
a hair, with the nicest distinction. -- To split hairs, to make
distinctions of useless nicety.

Hair"bell` (h‚r"bl`), n. (Bot.) See Harebell.

Hair"bird` (-brd), n. (Zoˆl.) The chipping sparrow.

Hair"brained` (-brnd`), a. See Harebrained.

Hair"breadth` (-brdth), Hair's" breadth` (h‚rz"). The diameter or
breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes, definitely, the
forty-eighth part of an inch.

    Every one could sling stones at an hairbreadth and not miss.


Judg. xx. 16.

Hair"breadth`, a. Having the breadth of a hair; very narrow; as, a
hairbreadth escape.

Hair"-brown` (-broun`), a. Of a clear tint of brown, resembling brown
human hair. It is composed of equal proportions of red and green.

Hair"brush` (-brsh`), n. A brush for cleansing and smoothing the hair.

Hair"cloth` (-klth`), n. Stuff or cloth made wholly or in part of hair.

Hair"dress`er (-drs`r), n. One who dresses or cuts hair; a barber.

Haired (h‚rd), a. 1. Having hair. "A beast haired like a bear."
Purchas.

2. In composition: Having (such) hair; as, red-haired.

Hai"ren (h‚r"en), a. [AS. hren.] Hairy. [Obs.]

    His hairen shirt and his ascetic diet.


J. Taylor.

Hair" grass` (grs`). (Bot.) A grass with very slender leaves or
branches; as the Agrostis scabra, and several species of Aira or
Deschampsia.

Hair"i*ness (-*ns), n. The state of abounding, or being covered, with
hair. Johnson.

Hair"less, a. Destitute of hair. Shak.

Hair"pin` (-pn`), n. A pin, usually forked, or of bent wire, for
fastening the hair in place, -- used by women.

Hair"-salt` (-slt`), n. [A translation of G. haarsalz.] (Min.) A
variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibers.

Hair"split`ter (-splt`tr), n. One who makes excessively nice or
needless distinctions in reasoning; one who quibbles. "The caviling
hairsplitter." De Quincey.

Hair"split`ting (-tng), a. Making excessively nice or trivial
distinctions in reasoning; subtle. -- n. The act or practice of making
trivial distinctions.

    The ancient hairsplitting technicalities of special pleading.


Charles Sumner.

Hair"spring` (-sprng`), n. (Horology) The slender recoil spring which
regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece.

Hair"streak` (-strk`), n. A butterfly of the genus Thecla; as, the
green hairstreak (T. rubi).

Hair"tail` (-tl`), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of marine fishes of the genus
Trichiurus; esp., T. lepturus of Europe and America. They are long and
like a band, with a slender, pointed tail. Called also bladefish.

Hair" worm` (w˚rm`). (Zoˆl.) A nematoid worm of the genus Gordius,
resembling a hair. See Gordius.

Hair"y (-), a. Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling
hair; rough with hair; hirsute.

    His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge.


Milton.

Hai"ti*an (h"t*an), a. & n. See Haytian.

Ha"je (h‰"j), n. [Ar. hayya snake.] (Zoˆl.) The Egyptian asp or cobra
(Naja haje.) It is related to the cobra of India, and like the latter
has the power of inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very
venomous. It is supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite
Cleopatra committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called Cleopatra's
snake or asp. See Asp.

Hake (hk), n. [See Hatch a half door.] A drying shed, as for unburned
tile.

Hake, n. [Also haak.] [Akin to Norweg. hakefisk, lit., hook fish, Prov.
E. hake hook, G. hecht pike. See Hook.] (Zoˆl.) One of several species
of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merlucius, and allies.
The common European hake is M. vulgaris; the American silver hake or
whiting is M. bilinearis. Two American species (Phycis chuss and P.
tenius) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil
and sounds. Called also squirrel hake, and codling.

Hake (hk), v. i. To loiter; to sneak. [Prov. Eng.]

Hake's"-dame` (hks"dm`), n. See Forkbeard.

Hak"e*ton (hk"*tn), n. Same as Acton. [Obs.]

||Ha*kim" (h*km"), n. [Ar. hakm.] A wise man; a physician, esp. a
||Mohammedan. [India]

||Ha"kim (h‰"km), n. [Ar. hkim.] A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a
||judge. [India]

Ha*la"cha (h*l‰"k), n.; pl. Halachoth (- kth). [Heb. halchh.] The
general term for the Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two
branches of exposition in the Midrash. See Midrash.

Ha*la"tion (h*l"shn), n. (Photog.) An appearance as of a halo of light,
surrounding the edges of dark objects in a photographic picture.

Hal"berd (hl"brd; 277), n. [F. hallebarde; of German origin; cf. MHG.
helmbarte, G. hellebarte; prob. orig., an ax to split a helmet, fr. G.
barte a broad ax (orig. from the same source as E. beard; cf. Icel.
bara, a kind of ax, skegg beard, skeggja a kind of halberd) + helm
helmet; but cf. also MHG. helm, halm, handle, and E. helve. See Beard,
Helmet.] (Mil.) An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a
point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes
additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form.
[Written also halbert.]

Hal`berd*ier" (h`brd*r"), n. [F. hallebardier.] One who is armed with a
halberd. Strype.

Hal"berd-shaped` (-shpt`), a. Hastate.

Hal"cy*on (hl"s*n), n. [L. halcyon, alcyon, Gr. "alkyw`n, 'alkyw`n: cf.
F. halcyon.] (Zoˆl.) A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted
to a genus including a limited number of species having omnivorous
habits, as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia.

    Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be As halcyons brooding on a
    winter sea.


Dryden.

Hal"cy*on, a. 1. Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was
anciently said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the
calm weather about the winter solstice.

2. Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy. "Deep, halcyon
repose." De Quincy.

Hal`cy*o"ni*an (hl`s*"n*an), a. Halcyon; calm.

Hal"cy*o*noid (hl"s**noid), a. & n. [Halcyon + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) See
Alcyonoid.

Hale (hl), a. [Written also hail.] [OE. heil, Icel. heill; akin to E.
whole. See Whole.] Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a
hale body.

    Last year we thought him strong and hale.


Swift.

Hale, n. Welfare. [Obs.]

    All heedless of his dearest hale.


Spenser.

Hale (hl or hl; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haled (hld or hld); p. pr. &
vb. n. Haling.] [OE. halen, halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get.
See Haul.] To pull; to drag; to haul. See Haul. Chaucer.

    Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore.


Milton.

    As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim.


Shelley.

||Ha*le"si*a (h*l"zh*), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of American shrubs
||containing several species, called snowdrop trees, or silver-bell
||trees. They have showy, white flowers, drooping on slender pedicels.

Half (h‰f), a. [AS. healf, half, half; as a noun, half, side, part;
akin to OS., OFries., & D. half, G. halb, Sw. half, Dan. halv, Icel.
hlfr, Goth. halbs. Cf. Halve, Behalf.] 1. Consisting of a moiety, or
half; as, a half bushel; a half hour; a half dollar; a half view.

The adjective and noun are often united to form a compound.

2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half;
approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; as, a
half dream; half knowledge.

    Assumed from thence a half consent.


Tennyson.

Half ape (Zoˆl.), a lemur. -- Half back. (Football) See under 2d Back.
-- Half bent, the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the
tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch. -- Half binding, a style of
bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in leather. -- Half
boarder, one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding
school who takes dinner only. -- Half-breadth plan (Shipbuilding), a
horizontal plan of one half a vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the
lines. -- Half cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the dominant. -- Half cap,
a slight salute with the cap. [Obs.] Shak. -- At half cock, the
position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch. -- Half
hitch, a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch. -- Half hose,
short stockings; socks. -- Half measure, an imperfect or weak line of
action. -- Half note (Mus.), a minim, one half of a semibreve. -- Half
pay, half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an officer on half
pay. -- Half price, half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced.
-- Half round. (a) (Arch.) A molding of semicircular section. (b)
(Mech.) Having one side flat and the other rounded; -- said of a file.
-- Half shift (Mus.), a position of the hand, between the open position
and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred instruments.
See Shift. -- Half step (Mus.), a semitone; the smallest difference of
pitch or interval, used in music. -- Half tide, the time or state of
the tide equally distant from ebb and flood. -- Half time, half the
ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the half-time system. -- Half
tint (Fine Arts), a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or
painting. See Demitint. -- Half truth, a statement only partially true,
or which gives only a part of the truth. Mrs. Browning. -- Half year,
the space of six months; one term of a school when there are two terms
in a year.

<! p. 665 pr=JMD !>

Half, adv. In an equal part or degree; in some part approximating a
half; partially; imperfectly; as, half-colored, half done,
half-hearted, half persuaded, half conscious. "Half loth and half
consenting." Dryden.

    Their children spoke halfin the speech of Ashdod.


Neh. xiii. 24.

Half (h‰f), n.; pl. Halves (h‰vz). [AS. healf. See Half, a.] 1. Part;
side; behalf. [Obs.] Wyclif.

    The four halves of the house.


Chaucer.

2. One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or
considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by of; as, a half of an
apple.

    Not half his riches known, and yet despised.


Milton.

    A friendship so complete Portioned in halves between us.


Tennyson.

Better half. See under Better. - - In half, in two; an expression
sometimes used improperly instead of in or into halves; as, to cut in
half. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- In, or On, one's half, in one's behalf; on
one's part. [Obs.] -- To cry halves, to claim an equal share with
another. -- To go halves, to share equally between two.

Half, v. t. To halve. [Obs.] See Halve. Sir H. Wotton.

Half`-and-half", n. A mixture of two malt liquors, esp. porter and ale,
in about equal parts. Dickens.

Half"beak` (h‰f"bk`), n. (Zoˆl.) Any slender, marine fish of the genus
Hemirhamphus, having the upper jaw much shorter than the lower; --
called also balahoo.

Half" blood` (bld). 1. The relation between persons born of the same
father or of the same mother, but not of both; as, a brother or sister
of the half blood. See Blood, n., 2 and 4.

2. A person so related to another.

3. A person whose father and mother are of different races; a
half-breed.

In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a hyphen.

Half"-blood`ed, a. 1. Proceeding from a male and female of different
breeds or races; having only one parent of good stock; as, a
half-blooded sheep.

2. Degenerate; mean. Shak.

Half"-boot` (-bt`), n. A boot with a short top covering only the ankle.
See Cocker, and Congress boot, under Congress.

Half"-bound` (-bound`), n. Having only the back and corners in leather,
as a book.

Half"-bred` (-brd`), a. 1. Half-blooded. [Obs.]

2. Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good-breeding; not well
trained. Atterbury.

Half"-breed` (-brd`), a. Half-blooded.

Half"-breed`, n. A person who is half-blooded; the offspring of parents
of different races, especially of the American Indian and the white
race.

Half"-broth`er (-brth`r), n. A brother by one parent, but not by both.

Half"-caste` (-kst), n. One born of a European parent on the one side,
and of a Hindoo or Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; as,
half-caste parents.

Half"-clammed` (-klmd`), a. Half-filled. [Obs.]

    Lions' half-clammed entrails roar for food.


Marston.

Half"cock` (-kk`), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halfcocked(-kkt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Halfcocking.] To set the cock of (a firearm) at the first notch.

To go off halfcocked. (a) To be discharged prematurely, or with the
trigger at half cock; -- said of a firearm. (b) To do or say something
without due thought or care. [Colloq. or Low]

Half"-cracked` (-krkt`), a. Half-demented; half-witted. [Colloq.]

Half"-deck` (-dk`), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A shell of the genus Crepidula; a
boat shell. See Boat shell.

2. See Half deck, under Deck.

Half"-decked` (-dkt), a. Partially decked.

    The half-decked craft . . . used by the latter Vikings.


Elton.

Half"en (-'n), a. [From Half.] Wanting half its due qualities. [Obs.]
Spenser.

Half"en*deal` (-'n*dl`), adv. [OE. halfendele. See Half, and Deal.]
Half; by the half part. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- n. A half part. [Obs.] R. of
Brunne.

Half"er (-r), n. 1. One who possesses or gives half only; one who
shares. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

2. A male fallow deer gelded. Pegge (1814).

Half"-faced` (-fst`), a. Showing only part of the face; wretched
looking; meager. Shak.

Half"-fish` (-fsh`), n. (Zoˆl.) A salmon in its fifth year of growth.
[Prov. Eng.]

Half"-hatched` (-hcht`), a. Imperfectly hatched; as, half-hatched eggs.
Gay.

Half"-heard` (-hrd`), a. Imperfectly or partly heard; not heard to the
end.

    And leave half-heard the melancholy tale.


Pope.

Half"-heart`ed (-h‰rt`d), a. 1. Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous;
unkind. B. Jonson.

2. Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm. H. James.

Half"-hour`ly (-our`l), a. Done or happening at intervals of half an
hour.

Half"-learned` (h‰f"lrnd`), a. Imperfectly learned.

Half"-length` (-lngth`), a. Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a
picture.

Half"-mast` (-mst`), n. A point some distance below the top of a mast
or staff; as, a flag a half-mast (a token of mourning, etc.).

Half"-moon` (-mn`), n. 1. The moon at the quarters, when half its disk
appears illuminated.

2. The shape of a half-moon; a crescent.

    See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and
    half-moons, and wings.


Milton.

3. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle
whose gorge resembles a half-moon; -- now called a ravelin.

4. (Zoˆl.) A marine, sparoid, food fish of California (CÊsiosoma
Californiense). The body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below.
Called also medialuna.

Half"ness (h‰f"ns), n. The quality of being half; incompleteness. [R.]

    As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at
    halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbor
    feels the wrong.


Emerson.

Half"pace` (-ps`), n. (Arch.) A platform of a staircase where the stair
turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight. See
Quarterpace.

This term and quarterpace are rare or unknown in the United States,
platform or landing being used instead.

Half"-pen*ny(h"pn*n or h‰f"-; 277),n.;pl. Half-pence (- pens) or
Half-pennies(- pn*nz). An English coin of the value of half a penny;
also, the value of half a penny.

Half"-pike` (h‰f"pk`), n. (Mil.) A short pike, sometimes carried by
officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a spontoon.
Tatler.

Half"-port` (-prt`), n. (Naut.) One half of a shutter made in two parts
for closing a porthole.

Half"-ray` (-r`), n. (Geom.) A straight line considered as drawn from a
center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete ray
being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both
directions.

Half"-read` (-rd`), a. Informed by insufficient reading; superficial;
shallow. Dryden.

Half" seas` o"ver (sz` "vr). Half drunk. [Slang: used only
predicatively.] Spectator.

Half"-sight`ed (-st`d), a. Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment.
Bacon.

Half"-sis`ter (-ss`tr), n. A sister by one parent only.

Half"-strained` (-strnd`), a. Half-bred; imperfect. [R.] "A
half-strained villain." Dryden.

Half"-sword` (-srd`), n. Half the length of a sword; close fight. "At
half- sword." Shak.

Half"-tim`bered (-tm`brd), a. (Arch.) Constructed of a timber frame,
having the spaces filled in with masonry; -- said of buildings.

Half"-tongue` (-tng`), n. (O. Law) A jury, for the trial of a
foreigner, composed equally of citizens and aliens.

Half"way` (h‰f"w`), adv. In the middle; at half the distance;
imperfectly; partially; as, he halfway yielded.

    Temples proud to meet their gods halfway.


Young.

Half"way`, a. Equally distant from the extremes; situated at an
intermediate point; midway.

Halfway covenant, a practice among the Congregational churches of New
England, between 1657 and 1662, of permitting baptized persons of moral
life and orthodox faith to enjoy all the privileges of church
membership, save the partaking of the Lord's Supper. They were also
allowed to present their children for baptism. -- Halfway house, an inn
or place of call midway on a journey.

Half"-wit` (-wt`), n. A foolish person; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce.
Dryden.

Half"-wit`ted (-td), a. Weak in intellect; silly.

Half"-year`ly (-yr`l), a. Two in a year; semiannual. -- adv. Twice in a
year; semiannually.

Hal"i*but (hl"*bt; 277), n. [OE. hali holy + but, butte, flounder; akin
to D. bot, G. butte; cf. D. heilbot, G. heilbutt. So named as being
eaten on holidays. See Holy, Holiday.] (Zoˆl.) A large, northern,
marine flatfish (Hippoglossus vulgaris), of the family PleuronectidÊ.
It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It
is an important food fish. [Written also holibut.]

||Hal`i*chon"dri*Ê (hl`*kn"dr*), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s,
||sea + cho`ndros cartilage.] (Zoˆl.) An order of sponges, having
||simple siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; -- called also
||Keratosilicoidea.

||Hal"i*core (hl"*kr; L. h*lk"*r), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`ls sea + ko`rh
||maiden.] Same as Dugong.

Hal"i*dom (hl"*dm), n. [AS. hligdm holiness, sacrament, sanctuary,
relics; hlig holy + - dm, E. -dom. See Holy.] 1. Holiness; sanctity;
sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; -- used chiefly in oaths.
[Archaic]

    So God me help and halidom.


Piers Plowman.

    By my halidom, I was fast asleep.


Shak.

2. Holy doom; the Last Day. [R.] Shipley.

Hal`i*eu"tics (-"tks), n. [L. halieuticus pertaining to fishing, Gr.
"alieytiko`s.] A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing; ichthyology.

Hal"i*mas (-ms), a. [See Hallowmas.] The feast of All Saints;
Hallowmas. [Obs.]

Ha`li*og"ra*pher (h`l*g"r*fr or hl`-), n. One who writes about or
describes the sea.

Ha`li*og"ra*phy (-f), n. [Gr. "a`ls the sea + -graphy.] Description of
the sea; the science that treats of the sea.

||Ha`li*o"tis (h`l*"ts or hl`-), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`ls sea + o'y^s,
||'wto`s, ear.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine shells; the ear-shells. See
||Abalone.

Ha"li*o*toid` (h"l**toid` or hl"-), a. [Haliotis + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like
or pertaining to the genus Haliotis; ear-shaped.

||Hal`i*sau"ri*a (hl`*s"r*), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, sea +
||say^ros.] (Paleon.) The Enaliosauria.

Ha"lite (h"lt or hl"t), n. [Gr. "a`ls salt.] (Min.) Native salt; sodium
chloride.

Ha*lit"u*ous (h*lt"*s; 135), a. [L. halitus breath, vapor, fr. halare
to breathe: cf. F. halitueux.] Produced by, or like, breath; vaporous.
Boyle.

Halk (hk), n. A nook; a corner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hall (hl), n. [OE. halle, hal, AS. heal, heall; akin to D. hal, OS. &
OHG. halla, G. halle, Icel. hˆll, and prob. from a root meaning, to
hide, conceal, cover. See Hell, Helmet.] 1. A building or room of
considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; as,
Westminster Hall, in London.

2. (a) The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times
the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's
family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It
was often contrasted with the bower, which was the private or sleeping
apartment.

    Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall.


Chaucer.

Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: (b) A
vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of
later times. Hence: (c) Any corridor or passage in a building.

3. A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was
held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house. Cowell.

4. A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed
college).

5. The apartment in which English university students dine in common;
hence, the dinner itself; as, hall is at six o'clock.

6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an exclamation. [Obs.] "A
hall! a hall!" B. Jonson.

Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule.

Hall"age (-j; 48), n. (O. Eng. Law) A fee or toll paid for goods sold
in a hall.

{ Hal`le*lu"iah Hal`le*lu"jah } (hl`l*l"y), n. & interj. [Heb. See
Alleluia.] Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; -- an exclamation
used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an
expression of gratitude or adoration. Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver.)

    So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Hallelujahs.


Milton.

    In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,"any one as he walked in the
    fields, might hear the plowman at his hallelujahs."


Sharp.

Hal`le*lu*jat"ic (-l*yt"k), a. Pertaining to, or containing,
hallelujahs. [R.]

Hal"liard (hl"yrd), n. See Halyard.

Hal"li*dome (hl"l*dm), n. Same as Halidom.

Hal"li*er (hl"l*r or hl"yr), n. [From Hale to pull.] A kind of net for
catching birds.

Hall"-mark` (hl"m‰rk`), n. The official stamp of the Goldsmiths'
Company and other assay offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and
silver articles, attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; -- as,
a word or phrase lacks the hall-mark of the best writers.

Hal*loa" (hl*l"). See Halloo.

Hal*loo" (hl*l"), n. [Perh. fr. ah + lo; cf. AS. eal, G. halloh, F.
haler to set (a dog) on. Cf. Hollo, interj.] A loud exclamation; a call
to invite attention or to incite a person or an animal; a shout.

    List! List! I hear Some far off halloo break the silent air.


Milton.

Hal*loo", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hallooed (-ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hallooing.] To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a
person, as by the word halloo.

    Country folks hallooed and hooted after me.


Sir P. Sidney.

Hal*loo", v. t. 1. To encourage with shouts.

    Old John hallooes his hounds again.


Prior.

2. To chase with shouts or outcries.

    If I fly . . . Halloo me like a hare.


Shak.

3. To call or shout to; to hail. Shak.

Hal*loo", interj. [OE. halow. See Halloo, n.] An exclamation to call
attention or to encourage one.

Hal"low (hl"l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hallowed(-ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hallowing.] [OE. halowen, halwien, halgien, AS. hlgian, fr. hlig holy.
See Holy.] To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to
consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. "Hallowed be thy
name." Matt. vi. 9.

    Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein.


Jer. xvii. 24.

    His secret altar touched with hallowed fire.


Milton.

    In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this ground [Gettysburg].


A. Lincoln.

Hal`low*een" (hl`l*n"), n. The evening preceding Allhallows or All
Saints' Day. [Scot.] Burns.

Hal"low*mas (hl"l*ms), n. [See Mass the eucharist.] The feast of All
Saints, or Allhallows.

    To speak puling, like a beggar at Hallowmas.


Shak.

Hal*loy"site (hl*loi"st), n. [Named after Omalius d'Halloy.] (Min.) A
claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous masses, of a
whitish color.

Hal"lu*cal (hl"l*kal), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hallux.

Hal*lu"ci*nate (hl*l"s*nt), v. i. [L. hallucinatus, alucinatus, p. p.
of hallucinari, alucinari, to wander in mind, talk idly, dream.] To
wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; -- used of mental processes.
[R.] Byron.

Hal*lu`ci*na"tion (-n"shn), n. [L. hallucinatio: cf. F. hallucination.]
1. The act of hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a
blunder.

    This must have been the hallucination of the transcriber.


Addison.

<! p. 666 pr=JMD !>

2. (Med.) The perception of objects which have no reality, or of
sensations which have no corresponding external cause, arising from
disorder of the nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion.

    Hallucinations are always evidence of cerebral derangement and are
    common phenomena of insanity.


W. A. Hammond.

Hal*lu"ci*na`tor (hl*l"s*n`tr), n. [L.] One whose judgment and acts are
affected by hallucinations; one who errs on account of his
hallucinations. N. Brit. Rev.

Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry (-n*t*r), a. Partaking of, or tending to produce,
hallucination.

||Hal"lux (hl"lks), n. [NL., fr. L. hallex, allex.] (Anat.) The first,
||or preaxial, digit of the hind limb, corresponding to the pollux in
||the fore limb; the great toe; the hind toe of birds.

Halm (hm), n. (Bot.) Same as Haulm.

||Hal"ma (hl"m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`lma, fr. "a`llesqai to leap.]
||(Greek Antiq.) The long jump, with weights in the hands, -- the most
||important of the exercises of the Pentathlon.

Ha"lo (h"l), n.; pl. Halos (-lz). [L. halos, acc. halo, Gr. "a`lws a
thrashing floor, also (from its round shape) the disk of the sun or
moon, and later a halo round it; cf. Gr. e'ily`ein to enfold, 'ely`ein
to roll round, L. volvere, and E. voluble.] 1. A luminous circle,
usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and supposed to
be caused by the refraction of light through crystals of ice in the
atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often white bands, crosses,
or arches, resulting from the same atmospheric conditions.

2. A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in
painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a
glory; a nimbus.

3. An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an
object.

4. A colored circle around a nipple; an areola.

Ha"lo, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Haloed (-ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Haloing.]
To form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as with, a
halo.

    The fire That haloed round his saintly brow.


Southey.

Ha"loed (h"ld), a. Surrounded with a halo; invested with an ideal
glory; glorified.

    Some haloed face bending over me.


C. BrontÈ.

Hal"o*gen (hl"*jn), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -gen: cf. F.
halogËne.] (Chem.) An electro-negative element or radical, which, by
combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine,
bromine, and iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See
Chlorine family, under Chlorine.

Ha*log"e*nous (h*lj"*ns), a. Of the nature of a halogen.

Ha"loid (h"loid or hl"oid), a. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s salt + -oid: cf. F.
haloÔde.] (Chem.) Resembling salt; -- said of certain binary compounds
consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical, and now
chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes also
to the fluorides and cyanides. -- n. A haloid substance.

Hal"o*man`cy (hl"*mn`s), n. See Alomancy.

Ha*lom"e*ter (h*lm"*tr), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -meter.] An
instrument for measuring the forms and angles of salts and crystals; a
goniometer.

||Ha*lo"nes (h*l"nz), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`lwn, "a`lwnos, a halo.]
||(Biol.) Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are seen
||outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg of the
||hen and other birds.

Hal"o*phyte (hl"*ft), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + fyto`n a plant.]
(Bot.) A plant found growing in salt marshes, or in the sea.

Ha"lo*scope (h"l*skp), n. [Halo + -scope.] An instrument for exhibition
or illustration of the phenomena of halos, parhelia, and the like.

Hal*o*tri"chite (hl**tr"kt), n. [Gr. "a`ls sea + qri`x, tricho`s,
hair.] (Min.) An iron alum occurring in silky fibrous aggregates of a
yellowish white color.

Ha*lox"y*line, n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + xy`lon wood.] An explosive
mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and ferrocyanide of
potassium, used as a substitute for gunpowder.

Halp (h‰lp), imp. of Help. Helped. [Obs.]

Hal"pace (hl"ps), n. (Arch.) See Haut pas.

Hals (hls), n. [AS. heals; akin to D., G., & Goth. hals. See Collar.]
The neck or throat. [Obs.]

    Do me hangen by the hals.


Chaucer.

Halse (hls), v. t. [AS. healsian.] 1. To embrace about the neck; to
salute; to greet. [Obs.]

    Each other kissed glad And lovely halst.


Spenser.

2. To adjure; to beseech; to entreat. [Obs.]

    O dere child, I halse thee, In virtue of the Holy Trinity.


Chaucer.

Halse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halsed (hlst); p. pr. & vb. n. Halsing.]
[Cf. Hawser.] To haul; to hoist. [Obs.] Grafton

Hal"sen*ing (hl"sn*ng), a. Sounding harshly in the throat;
inharmonious; rough. [Obs.] Carew.

Hals"er (hs"r), n. See Hawser. Pope.

Halt (hlt), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contraction for holdeth.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

Halt (hlt), n. [Formerly alt, It. alto, G. halt, fr. halten to hold.
See Hold.] A stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of
progress.

    Without any halt they marched.


Clarendon.

    [Lovers] soon in passion's war contest, Yet in their march soon
    make a halt.


Davenant.

Halt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halted; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.] 1. To hold
one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for
a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand still.

2. To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to hesitate; to
be uncertain.

    How long halt ye between two opinions?


1 Kings xviii. 21.

Halt (hlt), v. t. (Mil.) To cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the
general halted his troops for refreshment.

Halt, a. [AS. healt; akin to OS., Dan., & Sw. halt, Icel. haltr,
halltr, Goth. halts, OHG. halz.] Halting or stopping in walking; lame.

    Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the
    blind.


Luke xiv. 21.

Halt, n. The act of limping; lameness.

Halt, v. i. [OE. halten, AS. healtian. See Halt, a.]

1. To walk lamely; to limp.

2. To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective.

    The blank verse shall halt for it.


Shak.

Halt"er (-r), n. One who halts or limps; a cripple.

Hal"ter (hl"tr), n. [OE. halter, helter, helfter, AS. hÊlftre; akin to
G. halfter, D. halfter, halster, and also to E. helve. See Helve.] A
strong strap or cord. Especially: (a) A rope or strap, with or without
a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. (b) A rope for hanging
malefactors; a noose. Shak.

    No man e'er felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law.


Trumbull.

Hal"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haltered (-trd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Haltering.] To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a
halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter. "A haltered neck." Shak.

||Hal*te"res (hl*t"rz), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "alth^res weights used in
||jumping, fr. "a`llesqai to leap.] (Zoˆl.) Balancers; the rudimentary
||hind wings of Diptera.

Hal"ter-sack` (hl"tr*sk`), n. A term of reproach, implying that one is
fit to be hanged. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Halt"ing*ly (hlt"ng*l), adv. In a halting or limping manner.

Hal"vans (hl"vanz), n. pl. (Mining) Impure ore; dirty ore. Raymond.

Hal"ve (h‰l"ve), n. A half. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Halve (h‰v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halved (h‰vd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Halving.] [From Half.] 1. To divide into two equal parts; as, to halve
an apple; to be or form half of.

    So far apart their lives are thrown From the twin soul that halves
    their own.


M. Arnold.

2. (Arch.) To join, as two pieces of timber, by cutting away each for
half its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together.

Halved (h‰vd), a. Appearing as if one side, or one half, were cut away;
dimidiate.

Halves (h‰vz), n., pl. of Half.

By halves, by one half at once; halfway; fragmentarily; partially;
incompletely.

    I can not believe by halves; either I have faith, or I have it not.


J. H. Newman.

To go halves. See under Go.

Hal"we (h‰l"we), n. [OE., fr. AS. hlga. See Holy.] A saint. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Hal"yard (hl"yrd), n. [Hale, v. t. + yard.] (Naut.) A rope or tackle
for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc. [Written also
halliard, haulyard.]

||Hal`y*si"tes (hl`*s"tz), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "a`lysis a chain.]
||(Paleon.) A genus of Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See
||Chain coral, under Chain.

Ham (h‰m), n. Home. [North of Eng.] Chaucer.

Ham (hm), n. [AS. ham; akin to D. ham, dial. G. hamme, OHG. hamma.
Perh. named from the bend at the ham, and akin to E. chamber. Cf.
Gammon ham.]

1. (Anat.) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the
hock.

2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by
salting and smoking.

    A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak hams.


Shak.

Ham"a*dry`ad (hm"*dr`d), n.; pl. E. Hamadryads (- dz), L. Hamadryades
(- dr"*dz). [L. Hamadryas, -adis, Gr. "Amadrya`s; "a`ma together +
dry^s oak, tree: cf. F. hamadryade. See Same, and Tree.]

1. (Class. Myth.) A tree nymph whose life ended with that of the
particular tree, usually an oak, which had been her abode.

2. (Zoˆl.) A large venomous East Indian snake (Ophiophagus bungarus),
allied to the cobras.

||Ha*ma"dry*as (h*m"dr*s), n. [L., a hamadryad. See Hamadryad.] (Zoˆl.)
||The sacred baboon of Egypt (Cynocephalus Hamadryas).

Ham`a*me"lis (hm`*m"ls), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "amamhli`s a kind of medlar
or service tree; "a`ma at the same time + mh^lon an apple, any tree
fruit.] (Bot.) A genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel
(Hamamelis Virginica), a preparation of which is used medicinally.

Ha"mate (h"mt), a. [L. hamatus, fr. hamus hook.] Hooked; bent at the
end into a hook; hamous.

Ha"ma*ted (h"m*td), a. Hooked, or set with hooks; hamate. Swift.

||Ha*ma"tum (h*m"tm), n. [NL., fr. L. hamatus hooked.] (Anat.) See
||Unciform.

Ham"ble (hm"b'l), v. t. [OE. hamelen to mutilate, AS. hamelian; akin to
OHG. hamaln to mutilate, hamal mutilated, ham mutilated, Icel. hamla to
mutilate. Cf.Hamper to fetter.] To hamstring. [Obs.]

Ham"burg (-b˚rg), n. A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of
the Elbe.

Black Hamburg grape. See under Black. -- Hamburg edging, a kind of
embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; -- used for
trimming. -- Hamburg lake, a purplish crimson pigment resembling
cochineal.

Hame (hm), n. Home. [Scot. & O. Eng.]

Hame, n. [Scot. haims, hammys, hems, OE. ham; cf. D. haam.] One of the
two curved pieces of wood or metal, in the harness of a draught horse,
to which the traces are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or
have pads fitting the horse's neck attached to them.

Ham"el (hm"l), v. t. [Obs.] Same as Hamble.

{ Hame"seck`en (hm"sk`'n), Hame"suck`en (-sk`'n), } n. [AS. hmscn. See
Home, and Seek.] (Scots Law) The felonious seeking and invasion of a
person in his dwelling house. Bouvier.

Ha"mi*form (h"m*fÙrm), a. [L. hamus hook + -form.] Hook-shaped.

Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od (hm"l*tn p"r*d). (Geol.) A subdivision of the
Devonian system of America; -- so named from Hamilton, Madison Co., New
York. It includes the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or
groups. See the Chart of Geology.

||Ham`i*nu"ra (hm`*n"r), n. (Zoˆl.) A large edible river fish
||(Erythrinus macrodon) of Guiana.

Ha"mite (h"mt), n.[L. hamus hook.] (Paleon.) A fossil cephalopod of the
genus Hamites, related to the ammonites, but having the last whorl bent
into a hooklike form.

Ham"ite (hm"t), n. A descendant of Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x.
6- 20.

Ham*it"ic (hm*t"k), a. Pertaining to Ham or his descendants.

Hamitic languages, the group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara,
Egypt, Galla, and Som‚li Land, and supposed to be allied to the
Semitic. Keith Johnston.

Ham"let (hm"lt), n. [OE. hamelet, OF. hamelet, dim. of hamel, F.
hameau, LL. hamellum, a dim. of German origin; cf. G. heim home.
&radic;220. See Home.] A small village; a little cluster of houses in
the country.

    The country wasted, and the hamlets burned.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See Village.

Ham"let*ed, p. a. Confined to a hamlet. Feltham.

Ham"mer (-mr), n. [OE. hamer, AS. hamer, hamor; akin to D. hamer, G. &
Dan. hammer, Sw. hammare, Icel. hamarr, hammer, crag, and perh. to Gr.
'a`kmwn anvil, Skr. aÁman stone.] 1. An instrument for driving nails,
beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or
iron, fixed crosswise to a handle.

    With busy hammers closing rivets up.


Shak.

2. Something which in form or action resembles the common hammer; as:
(a) That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the
hour. (b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to
produce the tones. (c) (Anat.) The malleus. See under Ear. (d) (Gun.)
That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin;
the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a
flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the
priming. (e) Also, a person or thing that smites or shatters; as, St.
Augustine was the hammer of heresies.

    He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the "massive
    iron hammers" of the whole earth.


J. H. Newman.

Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed
by confined air. -- Drop hammer, Face hammer, etc. See under Drop,
Face, etc. -- Hammer fish. See Hammerhead. -- Hammer hardening, the
process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold. -- Hammer shell
(Zoˆl.), any species of Malleus, a genus of marine bivalve shells,
allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so
as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; -- called also hammer oyster.
-- To bring to the hammer, to put up at auction.

Ham"mer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hammered (-mrd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hammering.] 1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to
hammer iron.

2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. "Hammered
money." Dryden.

3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; -- usually
with out.

    Who was hammering out a penny dialogue.


Jeffry.

Ham"mer, v. i. 1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if
shaping something with a hammer.

    Whereon this month I have been hammering.


Shak.

2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively.

    Blood and revenge are hammering in my head.


Shak.

Ham"mer*a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being formed or shaped by a
hammer. Sherwood.

Ham"mer-beam` (-bm`), n. (Gothic Arch.) A member of one description of
roof truss, called hammer-beam truss, which is so framed as not to have
a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each principal has two hammer-beams,
which occupy the situation, and to some extent serve the purpose, of a
tiebeam.

Ham"mer*cloth` (-klth; 115), n. [Prob. fr. D. hemel heaven, canopy,
tester (akin to G. himmel, and perh. also to E. heaven) + E. cloth; or
perh. a corruption of hamper cloth.] The cloth which covers a coach
box.

Ham"mer-dressed` (-drst`), a. Having the surface roughly shaped or
faced with the stonecutter's hammer; -- said of building stone.

Ham"mer*er (-r), n. One who works with a hammer.

Ham"mer-hard`en (-h‰rd`'n), v. t. To harden, as a metal, by hammering
it in the cold state.

Ham"mer*head` (-hd`), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A shark of the genus Sphyrna or
ZygÊna, having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head,
which gives it a hammer shape. The Sphyrna zygÊna is found in the North
Atlantic. Called also hammer fish, and balance fish.

<! p. 667 pr=JMD !>

2. (Zoˆl.) A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller.

3. (Zoˆl.) An African fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus); -- so called
from its large blunt nozzle.

Ham"mer*kop (hm"mr*kp), n. (Zoˆl.) A bird of the Heron family; the
umber.

Ham"mer-less, a. (Firearms) Without a visible hammer; -- said of a gun
having a cock or striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an
accidental touch.

Ham"mer*man (-man), n.; pl. Hammermen (-men). A hammerer; a forgeman.

||Ham`mo*chry"sos (hm`m*kr"ss), n. [L., fr. Gr. "ammo`chrysos; "a`mmos,
||'a`mmos, sand + chryso`s gold.] A stone with spangles of gold color
||in it.

Ham"mock (hm"mk), n. [A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. hamaca.
Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many
Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering
their cotton, and hamacas, or nets, in which they sleep."] 1. A
swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet
long and three feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.

2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and
vines. Used also adjectively; as, hammock land. [Southern U. S.]
Bartlett.

Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now,
more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that
purpose.

{ Ha*mose" (h*ms"), Ha"mous (h"ms), }[L. hamus hook.] (Bot.) Having the
end hooked or curved.

Ham"per (hm"pr), n. [Contr. fr. hanaper.] A large basket, usually with
a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a hamper of
wine; a clothes hamper; an oyster hamper, which contains two bushels.

Ham"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hampered (-prd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hampering.] To put in a hamper.

Ham"per, v. t. [OE. hamperen, hampren, prob. of the same origin as E.
hamble.] To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to
inveigle; to entangle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to
embarrass; to encumber. "Hampered nerves." Blackmore.

    A lion hampered in a net.


L'Estrange.

    They hamper and entangle our souls.


Tillotson.

Ham"per, n. [See Hamper to shackle.] 1. A shackle; a fetter; anything
which impedes. W. Browne.

2. (Naut.) Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain
times. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft.

Ham"shac`kle (hm"shk`'l), v. t. [Ham + shackle.] To fasten (an animal)
by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs; as, to hamshackle a
horse or cow; hence, to bind or restrain; to curb.

Ham"ster (-str), n. [G. hamster.] (Zoˆl.) A small European rodent
(Cricetus frumentarius). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each
side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.

Ham"string` (hm"strng`), n. (Anat.) One of the great tendons situated
in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with
the muscles of the back of the thigh.

Ham"string`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hamstrung; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hamstringing. See String.] To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of
the ham or knee; to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to
disable.

    So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by seeking to
    effeminate us all at home.


Milton.

Ham"u*lar (hm"*lr), a. Hooked; hooklike; hamate; as, the hamular
process of the sphenoid bone.

Ham"u*late (-lt), a. Furnished with a small hook; hook-shaped. Gray.

Ham"ule (-l), n. [L. hamulus.] A little hook.

Ham"u*lose` (-*ls`), a. [L. hamulus, dim. of hamus a hook.] Bearing a
small hook at the end. Gray.

||Ham"u*lus (-ls), n.; pl. Hamuli (-l). [L., a little hook.] 1. (Anat.)
||A hook, or hooklike process.

2. (Zoˆl.) A hooked barbicel of a feather.

Han (hn), contr. inf. & plural pres. of Haven. To have; have. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.

    Him thanken all, and thus they han an end.


Chaucer.

Han"ap (-p), n. [F. hanap. See Hanaper.] A rich goblet, esp. one used
on state occasions. [Obs.]

Han"a*per (-*pr), n. [LL. hanaperium a large vase, fr. hanapus vase,
bowl, cup (whence F. hanap); of German origin; cf. OHG. hnapf, G. napf,
akin to AS. hnÊp cup, bowl. Cf. Hamper, Nappy, n.] A kind of basket,
usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying of
articles; a hamper.

Hanaper office, an office of the English court of chancery in which
writs relating to the business of the public, and the returns to them,
were anciently kept in a hanaper or hamper. Blackstone.

Hance (hns), v. t. [See Enhance.] To raise; to elevate. [Obs.] Lydgate.

{ Hance (hns), Hanch (hnch), } n. [See Hanse.] 1. (Arch.) See Hanse.

2. (Naut.) A sudden fall or break, as the fall of the fife rail down to
the gangway.

Hand (hnd), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant,
Dan. haand, Icel. hˆnd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hin˛an to
seize (in comp.). Cf. Hunt.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the
forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many
other animals; manus; paw. See Manus.

2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a
human hand; as: (a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk,
or any one of the four extremities of a monkey. (b) An index or pointer
on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a clock.

3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a palm. Chiefly
used in measuring the height of horses.

4. Side; part; direction, either right or left.

    On this hand and that hand, were hangings.


Ex. xxxviii. 15.

    The Protestants were then on the winning hand.


Milton.

5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity.

    He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator.


Addison.

6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of
performance.

    To change the hand in carrying on the war.


Clarendon.

    Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand.


Judges vi. 36.

7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for
special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a deck
hand; a farm hand; an old hand at speaking.

    A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many hands,
    as well as too much time, ever to be hoped for.


Locke.

    I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile.


Hazlitt.

8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad, or running hand.
Hence, a signature.

    I say she never did invent this letter; This is a man's invention
    and his hand.


Shak.

    Some writs require a judge's hand.


Burril.

9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction;
management; -- usually in the plural. "Receiving in hand one year's
tribute." Knolles.

    Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the government of
    Britain.


Milton.

10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to buy at
first hand, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second hand,
that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new.

11. Rate; price. [Obs.] "Business is bought at a dear hand, where there
is small dispatch." Bacon.

12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as: (a) (Card
Playing) The quota of cards received from the dealer. (b) (Tobacco
Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together.

13. (Firearms) The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is
grasped by the hand in taking aim.

Hand is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or things, in the
doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some way employed or
concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various qualities or conditions,
as: (a) Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from the head,
which implies thought, and the heart, which implies affection. "His
hand will be against every man." Gen. xvi. 12.(b) Power; might;
supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures. "With a mighty hand . . . will I
rule over you." Ezek. xx. 33. (c) Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or
take, the hand; to give the right hand. (d) Contract; -- commonly of
marriage; as, to ask the hand; to pledge the hand.

Hand is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without the
hyphen), signifying performed by the hand; as, hand blow or hand-blow,
hand gripe or hand-gripe: used by, or designed for, the hand; as, hand
ball or handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or hand-grenade,
handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand loom, handmill or hand organ or
handorgan, handsaw or hand saw, hand-weapon: measured or regulated by
the hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand gallop or
hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph are written
either as two words or in combination.

Hand bag, a satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels,
etc. -- Hand basket, a small or portable basket. -- Hand bell, a small
bell rung by the hand; a table bell. Bacon. -- Hand bill, a small
pruning hook. See 4th Bill. -- Hand car. See under Car. -- Hand
director (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a good position of the
hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand guide. -- Hand drop.
See Wrist drop. -- Hand gallop. See under Gallop. -- Hand gear (Mach.),
apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine, usually
operated by other power, may be operated by hand. -- Hand glass. (a) A
glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of plants. (b) A small
mirror with a handle. -- Hand guide. Same as Hand director (above). --
Hand language, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as practiced by
the deaf and dumb; dactylology. -- Hand lathe. See under Lathe. -- Hand
money, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money. -- Hand
organ (Mus.), a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand. --
Hand plant. (Bot.) Same as Hand tree (below). -- Hand rail, a rail, as
in staircases, to hold by. Gwilt. -- Hand sail, a sail managed by the
hand. Sir W. Temple. -- Hand screen, a small screen to be held in the
hand. -- Hand screw, a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights;
(Carp.) a screw clamp. -- Hand staff (pl. Hand staves), a javelin.
Ezek. xxxix. 9. -- Hand stamp, a small stamp for dating, addressing, or
canceling papers, envelopes, etc. -- Hand tree (Bot.), a lofty tree
found in Mexico (Cheirostemon platanoides), having red flowers whose
stamens unite in the form of a hand. -- Hand vise, a small vise held in
the hand in doing small work. Moxon. -- Hand work, or Handwork, work
done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by a machine;
handiwork. -- All hands, everybody; all parties. -- At all hands, On
all hands, on all sides; from every direction; generally. -- At any
hand, At no hand, in any (or no) way or direction; on any account; on
no account. "And therefore at no hand consisting with the safety and
interests of humility." Jer. Taylor. -- At first hand, At second hand.
See def. 10 (above). -- At hand. (a) Near in time or place; either
present and within reach, or not far distant. "Your husband is at hand;
I hear his trumpet." Shak. (b) Under the hand or bridle. [Obs.] "Horses
hot at hand." Shak. -- At the hand of, by the act of; as a gift from.
"Shall we receive good at the hand of God and shall we not receive
evil?" Job ii. 10. -- Bridle hand. See under Bridle. -- By hand, with
the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or
animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw, or carry by hand.
-- Clean hands, freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty
in money matters, or of bribe taking. "He that hath clean hands shall
be stronger and stronger." Job xvii. 9. -- From hand to hand, from one
person to another. -- Hand in hand. (a) In union; conjointly; unitedly.
Swift. (b) Just; fair; equitable.


    As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand comparison.


Shak.

-- Hand over hand, Hand over fist, by passing the hands alternately one
before or above another; as, to climb hand over hand; also, rapidly;
as, to come up with a chase hand over hand. -- Hand over head,
negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. [Obs.] Bacon. --
Hand running, consecutively; as, he won ten times hand running. --
Hands off! keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling! -- Hand to
hand, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand to hand contest.
Dryden. -- Heavy hand, severity or oppression. -- In hand. (a) Paid
down. "A considerable reward in hand, and . . . a far greater reward
hereafter." Tillotson. (b) In preparation; taking place. Chaucer.
"Revels . . . in hand." Shak. (c) Under consideration, or in the course
of transaction; as, he has the business in hand. -- In one's hand or
hands. (a) In one's possession or keeping. (b) At one's risk, or peril;
as, I took my life in my hand. -- Laying on of hands, a form used in
consecrating to office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing
persons. -- Light hand, gentleness; moderation. -- Note of hand, a
promissory note. -- Off hand, Out of hand, forthwith; without delay,
hesitation, or difficulty; promptly. "She causeth them to be hanged up
out of hand." Spenser. -- Off one's hands, out of one's possession or
care. -- On hand, in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods
on hand. -- On one's hands, in one's possession care, or management. --
Putting the hand under the thigh, an ancient Jewish ceremony used in
swearing. -- Right hand, the place of honor, power, and strength. --
Slack hand, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth. -- Strict
hand, severe discipline; rigorous government. -- To bear a hand
(Naut.), to give help quickly; to hasten. -- To bear in hand, to keep
in expectation with false pretenses. [Obs.] Shak. -- To be hand and
glove, or in glove, with. See under Glove. -- To be on the mending
hand, to be convalescent or improving. -- To bring up by hand, to feed
(an infant) without suckling it. -- To change hand. See Change. -- To
change hands, to change sides, or change owners. Hudibras. -- To clap
the hands, to express joy or applause, as by striking the palms of the
hands together. -- To come to hand, to be received; to be taken into
possession; as, the letter came to hand yesterday. -- To get hand, to
gain influence. [Obs.]


    Appetites have . . . got such a hand over them.


Baxter.

-- To get one's hand in, to make a beginning in a certain work; to
become accustomed to a particular business. -- To have a hand in, to be
concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or
be employed in. -- To have in hand. (a) To have in one's power or
control. Chaucer. (b) To be engaged upon or occupied with. -- To have
one's hands full, to have in hand all that one can do, or more than can
be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or engagements; to be
surrounded with difficulties. -- To have, or get, the (higher) upper
hand, to have, or get, the better of another person or thing. -- To his
hand, To my hand, etc., in readiness; already prepared. "The work is
made to his hands." Locke. -- To hold hand, to compete successfully or
on even conditions. [Obs.] Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize; to
assault. -- To lend a hand, to give assistance. -- To lift, or put
forth, the hand against, to attack; to oppose; to kill. -- To live from
hand to mouth, to obtain food and other necessaries as want compels,
without previous provision. - - To make one's hand, to gain advantage
or profit. -- To put the hand unto, to steal. Ex. xxii. 8.-- To put the
last, or finishing, hand to, to make the last corrections in; to
complete; to perfect. -- To set the hand to, to engage in; to
undertake.


    That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine
    hand to.


Deut. xxiii. 20.

-- To stand one in hand, to concern or affect one. -- To strike hands,
to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good
behavior. -- To take in hand. (a) To attempt or undertake. (b) To seize
and deal with; as, he took him in hand. -- To wash the hands of, to
disclaim or renounce interest in, or responsibility for, a person or
action; as, to wash one's hands of a business. Matt. xxvii. 24. --
Under the hand of, authenticated by the handwriting or signature of;
as, the deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner.

Hand (hnd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handed; p. pr. & vb. n. Handing.] 1. To
give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed them the letter.

2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to hand a
lady into a carriage.

3. To manage; as, I hand my oar. [Obs.] Prior.

4. To seize; to lay hands on. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To pledge by the hand; to handfast. [R.]

6. (Naut.) To furl; -- said of a sail. Totten.

To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from
predecessor to successor; as, fables are handed down from age to age;
to forward to the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as,
the Clerk of the Court of Appeals handed down its decision. -- To hand
over, to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up.

Hand, v. i. To coˆperate. [Obs.] Massinger.

Hand"bar`row (-br`r), n. A frame or barrow, without a wheel, carried by
hand.

Hand"bill` (-bl`), n. 1. A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by
hand.

2. A pruning hook. [Usually written hand bill.]

Hand"book` (-bk`), n. [Hand + book; cf. AS. handbc, or G. handbuch.] A
book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a guidebook.

Hand"breadth` (-brdth`), n. A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a
palm. Ex. xxxvii. 12.

Hand"cart`, n. A cart drawn or pushed by hand.

Hand"cloth` (-klth`; 115), n. A handkerchief.

Hand"craft` (-krft`), n. Same as Handicraft.

Hand"crafts`man (-man), n.; pl. -men (-men). A handicraftsman.

Hand"cuff` (-kf`), n. [AS. handcops; hand hand + cosp, cops, fetter.
The second part was confused with E. cuffs,] A fastening, consisting of
an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on
the other wrist; a manacle; -- usually in the plural.

<! p. 668 pr=JMD !>

Hand"cuff` (hnd"kf`), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handcuffed (- kft`); p. pr. &
vb. n. Handcuffing.] To apply handcuffs to; to manacle. Hay (1754).

Hand"ed, a. 1. With hands joined; hand in hand.

    Into their inmost bower, Handed they went.


Milton.

2. Having a peculiar or characteristic hand.

    As poisonous tongued as handed.


Shak.

Handed is used in composition in the sense of having (such or so many)
hands; as, bloody- handed; free-handed; heavy-handed; left- handed;
single-handed.

Hand"er (-r), n. One who hands over or transmits; a conveyer in
succession. Dryden.

Hand"fast` (-fst`), n. 1. Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or
keeping. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Contract; specifically, espousal. [Obs.]

Hand"fast`, a. Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands. [Obs.]
Bale.

Hand"fast`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handfasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Handfasting.] To pledge; to bind; to betroth by joining hands, in order
to permit cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage. [Obs.]

Hand"fast`, a. [G. handfest; hand hand + fest strong. See Fast.]
Strong; steadfast.[R.] Carlyle.

Hand"fast`ly, adv. In a handfast or publicly pledged manner. [Obs.]
Holinshed.

Hand"fish` (-fsh`), n. (Zoˆl.) The frogfish.

Hand"ful (-fl), n.; pl. Handfuls (-flz). [AS. handfull.] 1. As much as
the hand will grasp or contain. Addison.

2. A hand's breadth; four inches. [Obs.]

    Knap the tongs together about a handful from the bottom.


Bacon.

3. A small quantity or number.

    This handful of men were tied to very hard duty.


Fuller.

To have one's handful, to have one's hands full; to have all one can
do. [Obs.]

    They had their handful to defend themselves from firing.


Sir. W. Raleigh.

Hand"-hole` (-hl`), n. (Steam Boilers) A small hole in a boiler for the
insertion of the hand in cleaning, etc.

Hand-hole plate, the cover of a hand- hole.

Hand"i*cap (hn"d*kp), n. [From hand in cap; -- perh. in reference to an
old mode of settling a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.]
1. An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting,
granted in a race to the competitor possessing inferior advantages; or
an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing
superior advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the
chances of success; as, the handicap was five seconds, or ten pounds,
and the like.

2. A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or
skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or
other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.

3. An old game at cards. [Obs.] Pepys.

Hand"i*cap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handicapped (-kpt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Handicapping.] To encumber with a handicap in any contest; hence, in
general, to place at disadvantage; as, the candidate was heavily
handicapped.

Hand"i*cap`per (-kp`pr), n. One who determines the conditions of a
handicap.

Hand"i*craft (hnd"*krft), n. [For handcraft, influenced by handiwork;
AS. handcrÊft.] 1. A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation;
handcraft. Addison.

2. A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman. [R.]
Dryden.

Hand"i*crafts`man (-krfts`man), n.; pl. -men (- men). A man skilled or
employed in handcraft. Bacon.

Hand"i*ly (-*l), adv. [See Handy.] In a handy manner; skillfully;
conveniently.

Hand"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being handy.

Hand"i`ron (-`rn), n. See Andiron. [Obs.]

Hand"i*work` (-*w˚rk`), n. [OE. handiwerc, AS. handgeweorc; hand hand +
geweorc work; prefix ge- + weorc. See Work.] Work done by the hands;
hence, any work done personally.

    The firmament showeth his handiwork.


Ps. xix. 1.

Hand"ker*cher (h"kr*chr), n. A handkerchief. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chapman
(1654). Shak.

Hand"ker*chief (h"kr*chf; 277), n. [Hand + kerchief.] 1. A piece of
cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping
the face or hands.

2. A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to be worn about the
neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth.

Han"dle (hn"d'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handled (-d'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Handling(-dlng).] [OE. handlen, AS. handlian; akin to D. handelen to
trade, G. handeln. See Hand.] 1. To touch; to feel with the hand; to
use or hold with the hand.

    Handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh.


Luke xxiv. 39.

    About his altar, handling holy things.


Milton.

2. To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to wield; often, to
manage skillfully.

    That fellow handles his bow like a crowkeeper.


Shak.

3. To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take care of, with the
hands.

    The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and handle
    their colts six months every year.


Sir W. Temple.

4. To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence, to
buy and sell; as, a merchant handles a variety of goods, or a large
stock.

5. To deal with; to make a business of.

    They that handle the law knew me not.


Jer. ii. 8.

6. To treat; to use, well or ill.

    How wert thou handled being prisoner?


Shak.

7. To manage; to control; to practice skill upon.

    You shall see how I will handle her.


Shak.

8. To use or manage in writing or speaking; to treat, as a theme, an
argument, or an objection.

    We will handle what persons are apt to envy others.


Bacon.

To handle without gloves. See under Glove. [Colloq.]

Han"dle (hn"d'l), v. i. To use the hands.

    They have hands, but they handle not.


Ps. cxv. 7.

Han"dle, n. [AS. handle. See Hand.] 1. That part of vessels,
instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved, as the
haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle, etc.

2. That of which use is made; the instrument for effecting a purpose; a
tool. South.

To give a handle, to furnish an occasion or means.

Han"dle*a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being handled.

Hand"less (hnd"ls), a. Without a hand. Shak.

Han"dling (hn"dlng), n. [AS. handlung.] 1. A touching, controlling,
managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands.
See Handle, v. t.

    The heavens and your fair handling Have made you master of the
    field this day.


Spenser.

2. (Drawing, Painting, etc.) The mode of using the pencil or brush,
etc.; style of touch. Fairholt.

Hand"made` (hnd"md`), a. Manufactured by hand; as, handmade shoes.

{ Hand"maid` (-md`), Hand"maiden (-'n), } n. A maid that waits at hand;
a female servant or attendant.

Hand"saw` (-s`) n. A saw used with one hand.

Hand"sel (hnd"sl), n. [Written also hansel.] [OE. handsal, hansal,
hansel, AS. handselena giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel.
handsal; hand hand + sal sale, bargain; akin to AS. sellan to give,
deliver. See Sell, Sale. ] 1. A sale, gift, or delivery into the hand
of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or using which is the
first of a series, and regarded as an omen for the rest; a first
installment; an earnest; as the first money received for the sale of
goods in the morning, the first money taken at a shop newly opened, the
first present sent to a young woman on her wedding day, etc.

    Their first good handsel of breath in this world.


Fuller.

    Our present tears here, not our present laughter, Are but the
    handsels of our joys hereafter.


Herrick.

2. Price; payment. [Obs.] Spenser.

Handsel Monday, the first Monday of the new year, when handsels or
presents are given to servants, children, etc.

Hand"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handseled or Handselled (hnd"sld); p. pr.
& vb. n. Handseling or Handselling.] [Written also hansel.] [OE
handsellen, hansellen; cf. Icel. hadsala, handselja. See Handsel, n.]
1. To give a handsel to.

2. To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to make fortunate or
unfortunate; to try experimentally.

    No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture hath
    handseled it with prayer.


Fuller.

Hand"some (hn"sm; 277), a. [Compar. Handsomer (- r); superl.
Handsomest.] [Hand + -some. It at first meant, dexterous; cf. D.
handzaam dexterous, ready, limber, manageable, and E. handy.] 1.
Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; -- applied to things as
persons. [Obs.]

    That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and handsome
    to be moved and turned about.


Robynson (Utopia).

    For a thief it is so handsome as it may seem it was first invented
    for him.


Spenser.

2. Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing
appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry and dignity;
comely; -- expressing more than pretty, and less than beautiful; as, a
handsome man or woman; a handsome garment, house, tree, horse.

3. Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety and ease; graceful;
becoming; appropriate; as, a handsome style, etc.

    Easiness and handsome address in writing.


Felton.

4. Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of character; liberal;
generous.

    Handsome is as handsome does.


Old Proverb.

5. Ample; moderately large.

    He . . . accumulated a handsome sum of money.


V. Knox.

To do the handsome thing, to act liberally. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Handsome, Pretty. Pretty applies to things comparatively small,
which please by their delicacy and grace; as, a pretty girl, a pretty
flower, a pretty cottage. Handsome rises higher, and is applied to
objects on a larger scale. We admire what is handsome, we are pleased
with what is pretty. The word is connected with hand, and has thus
acquired the idea of training, cultivation, symmetry, and proportion,
which enters so largely into our conception of handsome. Thus Drayton
makes mention of handsome players, meaning those who are well trained;
and hence we speak of a man's having a handsome address, which is the
result of culture; of a handsome horse or dog, which implies well
proportioned limbs; of a handsome face, to which, among other
qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are essential;
of a handsome tree, and a handsome house or villa. So, from this idea
of proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different application,
the expressions, a handsome fortune, a handsome offer.

Hand"some, v. t. To render handsome. [Obs.] Donne

Hand"some*ly, adv. 1. In a handsome manner.

2. (Naut.) Carefully; in shipshape style.

Hand"some*ness, n. The quality of being handsome.

    Handsomeness is the mere animal excellence, beauty the mere
    imaginative.


Hare.

Hand"spike` (hnd"spk`), n. A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a
windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for
various purposes.

Hand"spring` (-sprng), n. A somersault made with the assistance of the
hands placed upon the ground.

Hand"-tight` (-tt`), a. (Naut.) As tight as can be made by the hand.
Totten.

Hand"wheel` (-hwl), n. (Mach.) Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the
rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or other
part is adjusted.

Hand"-winged` (hnd"wngd`), a. (Zoˆl.) Having wings that are like hands
in the structure and arrangement of their bones; -- said of bats. See
Cheiroptera.

Hand"writ`ing (-rt"ng), n. 1. The cast or form of writing peculiar to
each hand or person; chirography.

2. That which is written by hand; manuscript.

The handwriting on the wall, a doom pronounced; an omen of disaster.
Dan. v. 5.

Hand"y (hnd"), a. [Compar. Handier (-*r); superl. Handiest.] [OE.
hendi, AS. hendig (in comp.), fr. hand hand; akin to D. handig, Goth.
handugs clever, wise.] 1. Performed by the hand. [Obs.]

    To draw up and come to handy strokes.


Milton.

2. Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit. "Each is handy
in his way." Dryden.

3. Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand;
convenient; valuable for reference or use; as, my tools are handy; a
handy volume.

4. (Naut.) Easily managed; obedient to the helm; -- said of a vessel.

Hand"y-dan`dy (-dn`d), n. A child's play, one child guessing in which
closed hand the other holds some small object, winning the object if
right and forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit. Piers
Plowman.

Hand"y*fight` (-ft), n. A fight with the hands; boxing. "Pollux loves
handyfights." B. Jonson.

Hand"y*gripe` (-grp`), n. Seizure by, or grasp of, the hand; also,
close quarters in fighting. Hudibras.

Hand"y*stroke` (-strk`), n. A blow with the hand.

Hand"y*work` (-w˚rk`), n. See Handiwork.

Hang (hng), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hanged (hngd) or Hung (hng); p. pr. &
vb. n. Hanging. The use of hanged is preferable to that of hung, when
reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is also
more common.] [OE. hangen, hongien, v. t. & i., AS. hangian, v. i., fr.
hn, v. t. (imp. heng, p. p. hongen); akin to OS. hangn, v. i., D.
hangen, v. t. & i., G. hangen, v. i., h‰ngen, v. t., Icel. hanga, v.
i., Goth. hhan, v. t. (imp. haÌhah), hhan, v. i. (imp. hahaida), and
perh. to L. cunctari to delay. &radic;37. ] 1. To suspend; to fasten to
some elevated point without support from below; -- often used with up
or out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to hang up a sign; to hang out a
banner.

2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point
or points of suspension; -- said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate,
etc.

3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that
is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve.
[U. S.]

4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a form of capital
punishment; as, to hang a murderer.

5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures, trophies,
drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of a
wall, a room, etc.

    Hung be the heavens with black.


Shak.

    And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils.


Dryden.

6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room.

7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position
instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame.

    Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head.


Milton.

To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to
decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head.
-- To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the
vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold
back as if in suspense.

Hang, v. i. 1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point
without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to
stay.

2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the
point or points of suspension.

3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] "Sir
Balaam hangs." Pope.

4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with on or
upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. "Two infants hanging
on her neck." Peacham.

5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight.

    Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden.


Addison.

6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with over;
as, evils hang over the country.

7. To lean or incline; to incline downward.

    To decide which way hung the victory.


Milton.

    His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung.


Pope.

8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds.

9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be
delayed.

    A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with
    tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan.


Milton.

To hang around, to loiter idly about. - - To hang back, to hesitate; to
falter; to be reluctant. "If any one among you hangs back." Jowett
(Thucyd.). -- To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold
or tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete.
-- To hang in doubt, to be in suspense. -- To hang on (with the
emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to
be persistent, as a disease. -- To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be
charmed by eloquence. -- To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be
displayed; to project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out
against an agreement. [Colloq.] -- To hang over. (a) To project at the
top. (b) To impend over. -- To hang to, to cling. -- To hang together.
(a) To remain united; to stand by one another. "We are all of a piece;
we hang together." Dryden. (b) To be self- consistent; as, the story
does not hang together. [Colloq.] -- To hang upon. (a) To regard with
passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover around; as, to hang upon the
flanks of a retreating enemy.

Hang, n. 1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is
connected with, another; as, the hang of a scythe.

2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse.
[Colloq.]

<! p. 669 pr=JMD !>

3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.]

To get the hang of, to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to
become accustomed to. [Colloq.]

Hang"bird` (hng"brd`), n. (Zoˆl.) The Baltimore oriole (Icterus
galbula); -- so called because its nest is suspended from the limb of a
tree. See Baltimore oriole.

Hang"-by` (-b`), n.; pl. Hang-bies (-bz`). A dependent; a hanger-on; --
so called in contempt. B. Jonson.

Hang"dog` (-dg`), n. A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.

Hang"dog`, a. Low; sneaking; ashamed.

    The poor colonel went out of the room with a hangdog look.


Thackeray.

Hang"er (-r), n. 1. One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.

2. That by which a thing is suspended. Especially: (a) A strap hung to
the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is suspended. (b) (Mach.) A part
that suspends a journal box in which shafting runs. See Illust. of
Countershaft. (c) A bridle iron.

3. That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side;
especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword.

4. A steep, wooded declivity. [Eng.] Gilbert White.

Hang"er-on` (-n`), n.; pl. Hangers-on (-rz-n`). One who hangs on, or
sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one who adheres to
others' society longer than he is wanted. Goldsmith.

Hang"ing, a. 1. Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the
halter. "What a hanging face!" Dryden.

2. Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves.

3. Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a
gate, the post which holds the hinges.

Hanging compass, a compass suspended so that the card may be read from
beneath. -- Hanging garden, a garden sustained at an artificial
elevation by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon. -- Hanging
indentation. See under Indentation. -- Hanging rail (Arch.), that rail
of a door or casement to which hinges are attached. -- Hanging side
(Mining), the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein. --
Hanging sleeves. (a) Strips of the same stuff as the gown, hanging down
the back from the shoulders. (b) Loose, flowing sleeves. -- Hanging
stile. (Arch.) (a) That stile of a door to which hinges are secured.
(b) That upright of a window frame to which casements are hinged, or in
which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened. -- Hanging wall
(Mining), the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the
miner's head when working in the vein.

Hang"ing, n. 1. The act of suspending anything; the state of being
suspended.

2. Death by suspension; execution by a halter.

3. That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as
tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; -- used
chiefly in the plural.

    Now purple hangings clothe the palace walls.


Dryden.

Hang"man (hng"man), n.; pl. Hangmen(-men). One who hangs another; esp.,
one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; -- sometimes
used as a term of reproach, without reference to office. Shak.

Hang"man*ship, n. The office or character of a hangman.

Hang"nail` (-nl`), n. [A corruption of agnail.] A small piece or sliver
of skin which hangs loose, near the root of a finger nail. Holloway.

Hang"nest` (-nst`), n. 1. A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.

2. A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird.

Hank (hnk), n. [Cf. Dan. hank handle, Sw. hank a band or tie, Icel.
hanki hasp, clasp, hˆnk, hangr, hank, coil, skein, G. henkel, henk,
handle; all prob. akin to E. hang. See Hang.] 1. A parcel consisting of
two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together.

2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.]

3. Hold; influence.

    When the devil hath got such a hank over him.


Bp. Sanderson.

4. (Naut.) A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge
of a sail and running on a stay.

Hank, v. t. 1. [OE. hanken.] To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov.
Eng.] Wright.

2. To form into hanks.

Han"ker (h"kr), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hankered (- krd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hankering.] [Prob. fr. hang; cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.] 1. To long
(for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire;
-- usually with for or after; as, to hanker after fruit; to hanker
after the diversions of the town. Addison.

    He was hankering to join his friend.


J. A. Symonds.

2. To linger in expectation or with desire. Thackeray.

Han"ker*ing*ly, adv. In a hankering manner.

Han"key-pan"key (h"k*p"k), n. [Cf. Hocus-pocus.] Professional cant; the
chatter of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence,
jugglery. [Colloq.]

Han`o*ve"ri*an (hn`*v"r*an), a. Of or pertaining to Hanover or its
people, or to the House of Hanover in England.

Han`o*ve"ri*an, n. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one
of the House of Hanover.

Han"sa (hn"s), n. See 2d Hanse.

Han"sard (-srd), n. An official report of proceedings in the British
Parliament; -- so called from the name of the publishers.

Han"sard, n. A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under
2d Hanse.

Hanse (hns), n. [Cf. F. anse handle, anse de panier surbased arch, flat
arch, vault, and E. haunch hip.] (Arch.) That part of an elliptical or
many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately adjoins
the impost.

Hanse, n. [G. hanse, or F. hanse (from German), OHG. & Goth. hansa;
akin to AS. hs band, troop.] An association; a league or confederacy.

Hanse towns (Hist.), certain commercial cities in Germany which
associated themselves for the protection and enlarging of their
commerce. The confederacy, called also Hansa and Hanseatic league, held
its first diet in 1260, and was maintained for nearly four hundred
years. At one time the league comprised eighty-five cities. Its
remnants, L¸beck, Hamburg, and Bremen, are free cities, and are still
frequently called Hanse towns.

Han`se*at"ic (hn`s*t"k), a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their
confederacy.

Hanseatic league. See under 2d Hanse.

Han"sel (hn"sl), n. & v. See Handsel.

Han"sel*ines (h‰n"sel*nz), n. A sort of breeches. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Han"som (hn"sm), n., Han"som cab` (kb`). [From the name of the
inventor.] A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's
seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top.

    He hailed a cruising hansom . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London,"
    said Lothair.


Beaconsfield.

Han't (hnt; in England, h‰nt). A contraction of have not, or has not,
used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling
is hain't.

Han"u*man (hn"*man), n. See Hoonoomaun.

Hap (hp), v. t. [OE. happen.] To clothe; to wrap.

    The surgeon happed her up carefully.


Dr. J. Brown.

Hap, n. [Cf. Hap to clothe.] A cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

Hap, n. [Icel. happ unexpected good luck. &radic;39.] That which
happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of
occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event;
fate; luck; lot. Chaucer.

    Whether art it was or heedless hap.


Spenser.

    Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build Their hopes on
    haps.


Sir P. Sidney.

    Loving goes by haps: Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps.


Shak.

Hap, v. i. [OE. happen. See Hap chance, and cf. Happen.] To happen; to
befall; to chance. Chaucer.

    Sends word of all that haps in Tyre.


Shak.

Ha'"pen*ny (h"pn*n), n. A half-penny.

Hap"haz`ard (hp"hz`rd or hp`hz"-), n. [Hap + hazard.] Extra hazard;
chance; accident; random.

    We take our principles at haphazard, upon trust.


Locke.

Hap"less (hp"ls), a. Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate;
unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid. Dryden.

Hap"less*ly, adv. In a hapless, unlucky manner.

||Ha*plo"mi (h*pl"m), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "aplo`os simple + 'w^mos
||shoulder.] (Zoˆl.) An order of freshwater fishes, including the true
||pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.

Hap`lo*stem"o*nous (hp`l*stm"*ns), a. [Gr. "aplo`os simple + sth`mwn a
thread.] (Bot.) Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in
number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous.

Hap"ly (hp"l), adv. By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may
be.

    Lest haply ye be found even to fight against God.


Acts v. 39.

Happed (hpt), p. a. [From 1st Hap.] Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [Scot.]

    All happed with flowers in the green wood were.


Hogg.

Hap"pen (hp"p'n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Happened (-p'nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Happening.] [OE. happenen, hapnen. See Hap to happen.] 1. To come by
chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out.

    There shall no evil happen to the just.


Prov. xii. 21.

2. To take place; to occur.

    All these things which had happened.


Luke xxiv. 14.

To happen on, to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have happened on
some other accounts." Graunt. -- To happen in, to make a casual call.
[Colloq.]

Hap"pi*ly (hp"p*l), adv. [From Happy.] 1. By chance; peradventure;
haply. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily.

    Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown.


Waller.

3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived
happily with his wife.

4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to
insure success; with success.

    Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from
    lively to severe.


Pope.

Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly;
dexterously; felicitously.

Hap"pi*ness, n. [From Happy.] 1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity.

    All happiness bechance to thee in Milan!


Shak.

2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good
fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those
circumstances or that state of being which is attended with enjoyment;
the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity;
blessedness.

3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of
language.

    Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness,
    as well as care.


Pope.

Syn. -- Happiness, Felicity, Blessedness, Bliss. Happiness is generic,
and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the
animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more
sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations;
blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the
purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes
still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the
joy anticipated in heaven.

    O happiness! our being's end and aim!


Pope.

    Others in virtue place felicity, But virtue joined with riches and
    long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease.


Milton.

    His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till
    then, he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little.


Shak.

Hap"py (hp"p), a. [Compar. Happier (-p*r); superl. Happiest.] [From Hap
chance.] 1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate;
successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a
happy effort; a happy venture; a happy omen.

    Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the
    causes of them.


Boyle.

2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling
arising from the consciousness of well- being or of enjoyment; enjoying
good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous;
as, happy hours, happy thoughts.

    Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord.


Ps. cxliv. 15.

    The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he
    knows no more.


Pope.

3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous.

    One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a rejoinder.


Swift.

Happy family, a collection of animals of different and hostile
propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of
conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant.
-- Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going.
"Happy- go-lucky carelessness." W. Black.

||Ha*pu"ku (h*p"k), n. (Zoˆl.) A large and valuable food fish
||(Polyprion prognathus) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one
||hundred pounds or more.

Haque"but (hk"bt), n. See Hagbut.

Ha"ra-ki`ri (h"r*k`r), n. [Jap., stomach cutting.] Suicide, by slashing
the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the
government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; - -
also written, but incorrectly, hari-kari. W. E. Griffis.

Ha*rangue" (h*rng"), n. [F. harangue: cf. Sp. arenga, It. aringa; lit.,
a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. aringo arena,
hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of
people, G. ring. See Ring.] A speech addressed to a large public
assembly; a popular oration; a loud address to a multitude; in a bad
sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting.

    Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and
    harangues are heard.


Milton.

Syn. -- Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an
elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to
the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an
harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues
the populace on the subject of their wrongs.

Ha*rangue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harangued (h*rngd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Haranguing.] [Cf. F. haranguer, It. aringare.] To make an harangue; to
declaim.

Ha*rangue", v. t. To address by an harangue.

Ha*rangue"ful (-fl), a. Full of harangue.

Ha*rang"uer (h*rng"r), n. One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing;
a declaimer.

    With them join'd all th' haranguers of the throng, That thought to
    get preferment by the tongue.


Dryden.

Har"ass (hr"as), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harassed (-ast); p. pr. & vb. n.
Harassing.] [F. harasser; cf. OF. harace a basket made of cords,
harace, harasse,a very heavy and large shield; or harer to set (a dog)
on.] To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to
weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure
excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by out.

    [Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march.


Bacon.

    Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care.


Addison.

    Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt.


Tennyson.

Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry;
disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble;
disturb; torment.

Har"ass, n. 1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Worry; harassment. [R.] Byron.

Har"ass*er (-r), n. One who harasses.

Har"ass*ment (-ment), n. The act of harassing, or state of being
harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety.

    Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest
    the most fortunate.


Ld. Lytton.

Har"ber*ous (hr"br*s), a. Harborous. [Obs.]

    A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly
    appareled, harberous.


Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2).

Har"bin*ger (-bn*jr), n. [OE. herbergeour, OF. herbergeor one who
provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging, F. hÈberger, OF.
herberge lodging, inn, F. auberge; of German origin. See Harbor.] 1.
One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal
household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide
and prepare lodgings. Fuller.

2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger.

    I knew by these harbingers who were coming.


Landor.

Har"bin*ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harbingered (-jrd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Harbingering.] To usher in; to be a harbinger of. "Thus did the star of
religious freedom harbinger the day." Bancroft.

Har"bor (-br), n. [Written also harbour.] [OE. herbor, herberwe,
herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for
soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here
army, G. heer, OHG. heri, Goth. harjis, and AS. beorgan to save,
shelter, defend, G. bergen. See Harry, 2d Bury, and cf. Harbinger.] 1.
A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort;
a refuge; a shelter.

    [A grove] fair harbour that them seems.


Spenser.

    For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked.


Dryden.

2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. (Astrol.) The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.]

4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either
landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for
vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven.

<! p. 670 pr=JMD !>

5. (Glass Works) A mixing box for materials.

Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for the use of a harbor. -- Harbor seal
(Zoˆl.), the common seal. -- Harbor watch, a watch set when a vessel is
in port; an anchor watch.

Har"bor (h‰r"br), v. t. [Written also harbour.] [imp. & p. p. Harbored
(-brd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harboring.] [OE. herberen, herberwen,
herbergen; cf. Icel. herbergja. See Harbor, n.] To afford lodging to;
to entertain as a guest; to shelter; to receive; to give a refuge to;
to indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought).

    Any place that harbors men.


Shak.

    The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected.


Bp. Burnet.

    Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage.


Rowe.

Har"bor, v. i. To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a
harbor.

    For this night let's harbor here in York.


Shak.

Har"bor*age (-j), n. Shelter; entertainment.[R.]

    Where can I get me harborage for the night?


Tennyson.

Har"bor*er (-r), n. One who, or that which, harbors.

    Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for religion.


Strype.

Har"bor*less, a. Without a harbor; shelterless.

Har"bor mas`ter (ms`tr). An officer charged with the duty of executing
the regulations respecting the use of a harbor.

{ Har"bor*ough (-), Har"brough (-br), } n. [See Harbor.] A shelter.
[Obs.]. Spenser.

Har"bor*ous (-br*s), a. Hospitable. [Obs.]

Hard (h‰rd), a. [Compar. Harder (-r); superl. Hardest.] [OE. hard,
heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D. hard, G. hart, OHG. herti, harti,
Icel. harr, Dan. haard, Sw. hÂrd, Goth. hardus, Gr. kraty`s strong,
ka`rtos, kra`tos, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in coward,
drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf. Skr. kratu
strength, k to do, make. Cf. Hardy.] 1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or
separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact;
-- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard
flesh; a hard apple.

2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided,
or resolved; as a hard problem.

    The hard causes they brought unto Moses.


Ex. xviii. 26.

    In which are some things hard to be understood.


2 Peter iii. 16.

3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing;
arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.

4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.

    The stag was too hard for the horse.


L'Estrange.

    A power which will be always too hard for them.


Addison.

5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to;
hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as,
a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or
terms.

    I never could drive a hard bargain.


Burke.

6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate;
unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard
words; a hard character.

7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; harsh; stiff; rigid; ungraceful;
repelling; as, a hard style.

    Figures harder than even the marble itself.


Dryden.

8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.

9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated,
or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to
another; -- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as
distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc.

10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard
tone.

11. (Painting) (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures;
formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and
abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade.

Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc. -- Hard clam,
or Hard-shelled clam (Zoˆl.), the quahog. -- Hard coal, anthracite, as
distinguished from bituminous or soft coal. -- Hard and fast. (Naut.)
See under Fast. -- Hard finish (Arch.), a smooth finishing coat of hard
fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering. -- Hard lines,
hardship; difficult conditions. -- Hard money, coin or specie, as
distinguished from paper money. -- Hard oyster (Zoˆl.), the northern
native oyster. [Local, U. S.] -- Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth
lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial,
fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character,
of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan. -- Hard rubber. See under Rubber.
-- Hard solder. See under Solder. -- Hard water, water, which contains
lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See
Hardness, 3. -- Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut,
oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock,
etc. -- In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having
firm muscles; -- said of race horses.

Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern;
flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See
Solid, and Arduous.

Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.] 1. With pressure; with urgency;
hence, diligently; earnestly.

    And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince.


Dryden.

    My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself.


Shak.

2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.

3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. Shak.

4. So as to raise difficulties. "The question is hard set." Sir T.
Browne.

5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force;
tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to
blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; nimbly; as, to run hard.

6. Close or near.

    Whose house joined hard to the synagogue.


Acts xviii. 7.

Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. "Hard by a cottage
chimney smokes." Milton. -- Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as,
he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq.] -- Hard
up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources;
as, hard up for amusements. [Slang]

Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the
helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost
energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to
the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard alee! Hard
aweather! Hard up! Hard is also often used in composition with a
participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-featured; hard-working;
hard-won.

Hard (h‰rd), v. t. To harden; to make hard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hard, n. A ford or passage across a river or swamp.

Hard"bake` (-bk`), n. A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses
made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc.
Thackeray.

Hard"beam` (-bm`), n. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Carpinus, of compact,
horny texture; hornbeam.

Hard"en (h‰rd"'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hardened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hardening (-'n*ng).] [OE. hardnen, hardenen.] 1. To make hard or
harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden clay or
iron.

2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to
strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or
shame; to make unimpressionable. "Harden not your heart." Ps. xcv. 8.

    I would harden myself in sorrow.


Job vi. 10.

Hard"en, v. i. 1. To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or
more compactness; as, mortar hardens by drying.

    The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has
    hardened into tradition.


The Century.

2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad
sense.

    They, hardened more by what might most reclaim.


Milton.

Hard"ened (-'nd), a. Made hard, or harder, or compact; made unfeeling
or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice.

Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling;
unsusceptible; insensible. See Obdurate.

Hard"en*er (-'n*r), n. One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one
who tempers tools.

Hard"en*ing, n. 1. Making hard or harder.

2. That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of
iron into steel.

Har"der (h‰r"dr), n. (Zoˆl.) A South African mullet, salted for food.

Har*de"ri*an (h‰r*d"r*an), a. (Anat.) A term applied to a lachrymal
gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third
eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under
Nictitate.

Hard"-fa`vored (h‰rd"f`vrd), a. Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan
was hard-favored. Dryden.

Hard"-fa`vored*ness, n. Coarseness of features.

Hard"-fea`tured (-f`trd; 135), a. Having coarse, unattractive or stern
features. Smollett.

Hard"fern` (-frn`), n. (Bot.) A species of fern (Lomaria borealis),
growing in Europe and Northwestern America.

Hard"-fist`ed (-fst`d), a. 1. Having hard or strong hands; as, a
hard-fisted laborer.

2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly. Bp. Hall.

Hard"-fought` (-ft`), a. Vigorously contested; as, a hard-fought
battle.

Hard" grass` (grs`). (Bot.) A name given to several different grasses,
especially to the Roltbˆllia incurvata, and to the species of ∆gilops,
from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived.

Hard"hack` (-hk`), n. (Bot.) A very astringent shrub (SpirÊa
tomentosa), common in pastures. The Potentilla fruticosa is also called
by this name.

Hard"-hand`ed (-hnd`d), a. Having hard hands, as a manual laborer.

    Hard-handed men that work in Athens here.


Shak.

Hard"head` (-hd`), n. 1. Clash or collision of heads in contest.
Dryden.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) The menhaden. See Menhaden. [Local, U. S.] (b) Block's
gurnard (Trigla gurnardus) of Europe. (c) A California salmon; the
steelhead. (d) The gray whale. See Gray whale, under Gray. (e) A coarse
American commercial sponge (Spongia dura).

Hard"-head`ed, a. Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd. --
Hard"-head`ed*ness, n.

Hard"-heart`ed (-h‰rt`d), a. Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel;
pitiless. -- Hard"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Har"di*head (h‰r"d*hd), n. Hardihood. [Obs.]

Har"di*hood (-hd), n. [Hardy + -hood.] Boldness, united with firmness
and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness;
impudence.

    A bound of graceful hardihood.


Wordsworth.

    It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity.


Buckminster.

Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity;
effrontery; impudence.

Har"di*ly, adv. 1. Same as Hardly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely. Wyclif.

Har"di*ment (-ment), n. [OF. hardement. See Hardy.] Hardihood;
boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs.]

    Changing hardiment with great Glendower.


Shak.

Har"di*ness (-d*ns), n. 1. Capability of endurance.

2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance. Spenser.

    Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is
    mother.


Shak.

    They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the
    contempt of the king.


Clarendon.

3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hard"ish (h‰rd"sh), a. Somewhat hard.

Hard"-la`bored (h‰rd"l`brd), a. Wrought with severe labor; elaborate;
studied. Swift.

Hard"ly (h‰rd"l), adv. [AS. heardlice. See Hard.]

1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty.

    Recovering hardly what he lost before.


Dryden.

2. Unwillingly; grudgingly.

    The House of Peers gave so hardly their consent.


Milton.

3. Scarcely; barely; not quite; not wholly.

    Hardly shall you find any one so bad, but he desires the credit of
    being thought good.


South.

4. Severely; harshly; roughly.

    He has in many things been hardly used.


Swift.

5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.] Holland.

6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hard"-mouthed` (-moud`), a. Not sensible to the bit; not easily
governed; as, a hard- mouthed horse.

Hard"ness, n. [AS. heardness.] 1. The quality or state of being hard,
literally or figuratively.

    The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory
    hardness.


Sir W. Scott.

2. (Min.) The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body,
determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched;
-- measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form
the extremes.

3. (Chem.) The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral
salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with
soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes.

This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing
temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium
sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but
may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.

Har"dock (h‰r"dk), n. [Obs.] See Hordock.

Hard"pan` (h‰rd"pn), n. The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan, under
Hard, a.

Hards (h‰rdz), n. pl. [OE. herdes, AS. heordan; akin to G. hede.] The
refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow.

Hard"-shell` (h‰rd"shl`), a. Unyielding; insensible to argument;
uncompromising; strict. [Colloq., U. S.]

Hard"ship (h‰rd"shp), n. That which is hard to bear, as toil,
privation, injury, injustice, etc. Swift.

Hard"spun`, a. Firmly twisted in spinning.

Hard"-tack` (-tk`), n. A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind
of hard biscuit or sea bread.

Hard"tail` (-tl`), n. (Zoˆl.) See Jurel.

Hard"-vis`aged (-vz`jd; 48), a. Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard-
featured. Burke.

Hard"ware` (-w‚r`), n. Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen
utensils, and the like; ironmongery.

Hard"ware`man (-mn), n.; pl. Hardwaremen (-mn). One who makes, or deals
in, hardware.

Har"dy (h‰r"d), a. [Compar. Hardier (-d*r); superl. Hardiest.] [F.
hardi, p. p. fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG.
hertan to harden, G. h‰rten. See Hard, a.] 1. Bold; brave; stout;
daring; resolute; intrepid.

    Hap helpeth hardy man alway.


Chaucer.

2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened;
shameless.

3. Strong; firm; compact.

    [A] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric.


South.

4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as, a
hardy veteran; a hardy mariner.

5. Able to withstand the cold of winter.

Plants which are hardy in Virginia may perish in New England.
Half-hardy plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or
moderate frosts.

Har"dy, n. A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for
insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole.

Hare (h‚r), v. t. [Cf. Harry, Harass.] To excite; to tease, harass, or
worry; to harry. [Obs.] Locke.

Hare, n. [AS. hara; akin to D. haas, G. hase, OHG. haso, Dan. & Sw.
hare, Icel. hri, Skr. ÁaÁa. &radic;226.]

1. (Zoˆl.) A rodent of the genus Lepus, having long hind legs, a short
tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by
leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity.

The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is Lepus
timidus. The northern or varying hare of America (L. Americanus), and
the prairie hare (L. campestris), turn white in winter. In America, the
various species of hares are commonly called rabbits.

2. (Astron.) A small constellation situated south of and under the foot
of Orion; Lepus.

Hare and hounds, a game played by men and boys, two, called hares,
having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate
their course, being chased by the others, called the hounds, through a
wide circuit. -- Hare kangaroo (Zoˆl.), a small Australian kangaroo
(Lagorchestes Leporoides), resembling the hare in size and color, --
Hare's lettuce (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sonchus, or sow thistle; --
so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. Dr.
Prior. -- Jumping hare. (Zoˆl.) See under Jumping. -- Little chief
hare, or Crying hare. (Zoˆl.) See Chief hare. - - Sea hare. (Zoˆl.) See
Aplysia.

Hare"bell` (h‚r"bl`), n. (Bot.) A small, slender, branching plant
(Campanula rotundifolia), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, Scilla
nutans, which has similar flowers; -- called also bluebell. [Written
also hairbell.]

    E'en the light harebell raised its head.


Sir W. Scott.

<! p. 671 pr=JMD !>

Hare"brained` (h‚r"brnd`), a. Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless. "A mad
hare-brained fellow." North (Plutarch). [Written also hairbrained.]

Hare"foot` (-ft`), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A long, narrow foot, carried (that is,
produced or extending) forward; -- said of dogs.

2. (Bot.) A tree (Ochroma Lagopus) of the West Indies, having the
stamens united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot.

Harefoot clover (Bot.), a species of clover (Trifolium arvense) with
soft and silky heads.

Hare"-heart`ed (-h‰rt`d), a. Timorous; timid; easily frightened.
Ainsworth.

Hare"hound` (-hound`), n. See Harrier. A. Chalmers.

Har"eld (hr"ld), n. (Zoˆl.) The long-tailed duck. See Old Squaw.

Hare"lip` (h‚r"lp`), n. A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure
of perpendicular division like that of a hare. -- Hare"lipped` (-
lpt`), a.

Ha"rem (h"rm; 277), n.[Ar. haram, orig., anything forbidden or sacred,
fr. harama to forbid, prohibit.] [Written also haram and hareem.] 1.
The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in
Mohammedan families.

2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in
Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.

Ha*ren"gi*form (h*rn"j*fÙrm), a. [F. hareng herring (LL. harengus) +
-form.] Herring-shaped.

Hare's"-ear` (h‚rz"r`), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum
rotundifolium); -- so named from the shape of its leaves. Dr. Prior.

Hare's"-foot` fern` (-ft` frn`). (Bot.) A species of fern (Davallia
Canariensis) with a soft, gray, hairy rootstock; -- whence the name.

Hare's"-tail` (-tl`), n. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Eriophorum vaginatum).
See Cotton grass, under Cotton.

Hare's-tail grass (Bot.), a species of grass (Lagurus ovatus) whose
head resembles a hare's tail.

Har"fang (h‰r"fng), n. [See Hare, n., and Fang.] (Zoˆl.) The snowy owl.

Ha`ri*a"li grass` (h‰`r*‰"l grs`). (Bot.) The East Indian name of the
Cynodon Dactylon; dog's-grass.

Har"i*cot (hr"*k; F. `r`k"), n. [F.] 1. A ragout or stew of meat with
beans and other vegetables.

2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same
genus furnish different kinds of haricots.

Har"i*er (hr"*r), n. (Zoˆl.) See Harrier.

Ha"ri*ka`ri (h‰"r*k‰`r), n. See Hara-kiri.

Har`i*o*la"tion (hr`**l"shn), n. [See Ariolation.] Prognostication;
soothsaying. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Har"ish (h‚r"sh), a. Like a hare. [R.] Huloet.

Hark (h‰rk), v. i. [OE. herken. See Hearken.] To listen; to hearken.
[Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark!
listen.] Hudibras.

Hark away! Hark back! Hark forward! (Sporting), cries used to incite
and guide hounds in hunting. -- To hark back, to go back for a fresh
start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a
digression.

    He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back.


Haggard.

    He harked back to the subject.


W. E. Norris.

Hark"en (-'n), v. t. & i. To hearken. Tennyson.

Harl (h‰rl), n. [Cf. OHG. harluf noose, rope; E. hards refuse of flax.]
1. A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or hemp.

2. A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or
ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies. [Written also herl.]

Harle (h‰rl), n. (Zoˆl.) The red-breasted merganser.

Har"lech group` (h‰r"lk grp`). [So called from Harlech in Wales.]
(Geol.) A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in
Wales.

Har"le*quin (h‰r"l*kn or -kwn), n. [F. arlequin, formerly written also
harlequin (cf. It, arlecchino), prob. fr. OF. hierlekin, hellequin,
goblin, elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. hel hell.
Cf. Hell, Kin.] A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays
tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an
audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy.
Percy Smith.

    As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters.


Johnson.

Harlequin bat (Zoˆl.), an Indian bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously
variegated with white spots. -- Harlequin beetle (Zoˆl.), a very large
South American beetle (Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and
antennÊ. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray. --
Harlequin cabbage bug. (Zoˆl.) See Calicoback. -- Harlequin
caterpillar. (Zoˆl.), the larva of an American bombycid moth (EuchÊtes
egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of
hair. -- Harlequin duck (Zoˆl.), a North American duck (Histrionicus
histrionicus). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. --
Harlequin moth. (Zoˆl.) See Magpie Moth. -- Harlequin opal. See Opal.
-- Harlequin snake (Zoˆl.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps fulvius),
ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States.

Har"le*quin (h‰r"l*kn or -kwn), v. i. To play the droll; to make sport
by playing ludicrous tricks.

Har"le*quin, v. t. To remove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's
trick.

    And kitten, if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit.


M. Green.

Har"le*quin*ade` (-d`), n. [F. arlequinade.] A play or part of a play
in which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a harlequin.
Macaulay.

Har"lock (h‰r"lk), n. Probably a corruption either of charlock or
hardock. Drayton.

Har"lot (-lt), n. [OE. harlot, herlot, a vagabond, OF. harlot, herlot,
arlot; cf. Pr. arlot, Sp. arlote, It. arlotto; of uncertain origin.] 1.
A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth. [Obs.]

    He was a gentle harlot and a kind.


Chaucer.

2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common
woman; a strumpet.

Har"lot, a. Wanton; lewd; low; base. Shak.

Har"lot, v. i. To play the harlot; to practice lewdness. Milton.

Har"lot*ize (-z), v. i. To harlot. [Obs.] Warner.

Har"lot*ry (-r), n. 1. Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

2. The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary
lewdness. Dryden.

3. Anything meretricious; as, harlotry in art.

4. A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage. [Obs.]

    He sups to-night with a harlotry.


Shak.

Harm (h‰rm), n. [OE. harm, hearm, AS. hearm; akin to OS. harm, G. harm
grief, Icel. harmr, Dan. harme, Sw. harm; cf. OSlav. & Russ. sram'
shame, Skr. Árama toil, fatigue.] 1. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment;
misfortune.

2. That which causes injury, damage, or loss.

    We, ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own harms.


Shak.

Syn. -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See Mischief.

Harm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harmed (h‰rmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harming.]
[OE. harmen, AS. hearmian. See Harm, n.] To hurt; to injure; to damage;
to wrong.

    Though yet he never harmed me.


Shak.

    No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or
    seek to harm.


Milton.

Har"ma*line (h‰r"m*ln or -ln), n. [Cf. F. harmaline See Harmel.]
(Chem.) An alkaloid found in the plant Peganum harmala. It forms
bitter, yellow salts.

Har*mat"tan (h‰r*mt"tan), n. [F. harmattan, prob. of Arabic origin.] A
dry, hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in December,
January, and February, blowing from the interior or Sahara. It is
usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the sun.

Har"mel (h‰r"ml), n. [Ar. harmal.] (Bot.) A kind of rue (Ruta
sylvestris) growing in India. At Lahore the seeds are used medicinally
and for fumigation.

Harm"ful (h‰rm"fl), a. Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous. "
Most harmful hazards." Strype.

--Harm"ful*ly, adv. -- Harm"ful*ness, n.

Har"mine (h‰r"mn or -mn), n.[See Harmaline.] (Chem.) An alkaloid
accompanying harmaline (in the Peganum harmala), and obtained from it
by oxidation. It is a white crystalline substance.

Harm"less (h‰rm"ls), a. 1. Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to
save another harmless.

2. Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive. " The
harmless deer." Drayton

Syn. -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending;
unhurt; uninjured; unharmed.

--Harm"less*ly, adv.- Harm"less*ness, n.

Har*mon"ic (h‰r*mn"k), Har*mon"ic*al (-*kal), a. [L. harmonicus, Gr.
"armoniko`s; cf. F. harmonique. See Harmony.] 1. Concordant; musical;
consonant; as, harmonic sounds.

    Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass.


Pope.

2. (Mus.) Relating to harmony, -- as melodic relates to melody;
harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which
accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or
sonorous body.

3. (Math.) Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to
those of musical consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios,
proportions, points, lines, motions, and the like.

Harmonic interval (Mus.), the distance between two notes of a chord, or
two consonant notes. - - Harmonical mean (Arith. & Alg.), certain
relations of numbers and quantities, which bear an analogy to musical
consonances. -- Harmonic motion, the motion of the point A, of the foot
of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of
a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the
circle. This is simple harmonic motion. The combinations, in any way,
of two or more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic
motion. The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately
simple harmonic motion. -- Harmonic proportion. See under Proportion.
-- Harmonic series or progression. See under Progression. -- Spherical
harmonic analysis, a mathematical method, sometimes referred to as that
of Laplace's Coefficients, which has for its object the expression of
an arbitrary, periodic function of two independent variables, in the
proper form for a large class of physical problems, involving arbitrary
data, over a spherical surface, and the deduction of solutions for
every point of space. The functions employed in this method are called
spherical harmonic functions. Thomson & Tait. -- Harmonic suture
(Anat.), an articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth
surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in man;
-- called also harmonia, and harmony. -- Harmonic triad (Mus.), the
chord of a note with its third and fifth; the common chord.

Har*mon"ic (h‰r*mn"k), n. (Mus.) A musical note produced by a number of
vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an
overtone. See Harmonics.

Har*mon"i*ca (-*k), n. [Fem. fr. L. harmonicus harmonic. See Harmonic,
n. ] 1. A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical
glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give
forth the tones.

2. A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and
struck with hammers.

Har*mon"ic*al*ly (-*kal*l), adv. 1. In an harmonical manner;
harmoniously.

2. In respect to harmony, as distinguished from melody; as, a passage
harmonically correct.

3. (Math.) In harmonical progression.

Har*mon"i*con (-*kn), n. A small, flat, wind instrument of music, in
which the notes are produced by the vibration of free metallic reeds.

Har*mon"ics (-ks), n. 1. The doctrine or science of musical sounds.

2. pl. (Mus.) Secondary and less distinct tones which accompany any
principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the
fifteenth, and the seventeenth. The name is also applied to the
artificial tones produced by a string or column of air, when the
impulse given to it suffices only to make a part of the string or
column vibrate; overtones.

Har*mo"ni*ous (h‰r*m"n*s), a. [Cf. F. harmonieux. See Harmony.] 1.
Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each other;
symmetrical.

    God hath made the intellectual world harmonious and beautiful
    without us.


Locke.

2. Acting together to a common end; agreeing in action or feeling;
living in peace and friendship; as, an harmonious family.

3. Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably consonant; symphonious.

-- Har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Har*mon"i*phon (h‰r*mn"*fn), n. [Gr. "armoni`a harmony + fwnh` sound.]
(Mus.) An obsolete wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound,
which resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin
metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube.

Har"mo*nist (h‰r"m*nst), n. [Cf. F. harmoniste.] 1. One who shows the
agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as
of the four evangelists.

2. (Mus.) One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful
in applying them in composition; a musical composer.

{ Har"mo*nist, Har"mo*nite (-nt), } n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious
sect, founded in W¸rtemburg in the last century, composed of followers
of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all their property in common. In
1803, a portion of this sect settled in Pennsylvania and called the
village thus established, Harmony.

Har*mo"ni*um (h‰r*m"n*m), n. [NL. See Harmony. ] A musical instrument,
resembling a small organ and especially designed for church music, in
which the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as
to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made with one
or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops.

Har`mo*ni*za"tion (h‰r`m*n*z"shn), n. The act of harmonizing.

Har"mo*nize (h‰r"m*nz), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harmonized (- nzd); p. pr.
& vb. n. Harmonizing (- n"zng).] [Cf. F. harmoniser. ] 1. To agree in
action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in sense or
purport; as, the parts of a mechanism harmonize.

2. To be in peace and friendship, as individuals, families, or public
organizations.

3. To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; as, the
tones harmonize perfectly.

Har"mo*nize, v. t. 1. To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree;
to show the agreement of; to reconcile the apparent contradiction of.

2. (Mus.) To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air,
or melody.

Har"mo*ni`zer (-n`zr), n. One who harmonizes.

Har`mo*nom"e*ter (-nm"*tr), n. [Gr. "armoni`a harmony + meter: cf. F.
harmonomËtre.] An instrument for measuring the harmonic relations of
sounds. It is often a monochord furnished with movable bridges.

Har"mo*ny (h‰r"m*n), n.; pl. Harmonies (- nz). [ F. harmonie, L.
harmonia, Gr. "armoni`a joint, proportion, concord, fr. "armo`s a
fitting or joining. See Article.] 1. The just adaptation of parts to
each other, in any system or combination of things, or in things
intended to form a connected whole; such an agreement between the
different parts of a design or composition as to produce unity of
effect; as, the harmony of the universe.

2. Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.;
good correspondence; peace and friendship; as, good citizens live in
harmony.

3. A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically
parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows
their agreement or consistency; as, a harmony of the Gospels.

4. (Mus.) (a) A succession of chords according to the rules of
progression and modulation. (b) The science which treats of their
construction and progression.

    Ten thousand harps, that tuned Angelic harmonies.


Milton.

5. (Anat.) See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic.

Close harmony, Dispersed harmony, etc. See under Close, Dispersed, etc.
-- Harmony of the spheres. See Music of the spheres, under Music.

Syn. -- Harmony, Melody. Harmony results from the concord of two or
more strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality. Melody
denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured
sounds, as they succeed each other in a single verse or strain.

<! p. 672 pr=JMD !>

Har"most (h‰r"mst), n. [Gr. "armosth`s, fr. "armo`zein to join,
arrange, command: cf. F. harmoste. See Harmony.] (Gr. Antiq.) A city
governor or prefect appointed by the Spartans in the cities subjugated
by them.

Har"mo*tome (-m*tm), n. [Gr. "armo`s a joint + te`mnein to cut: cf. F.
harmotome.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring
usually in white cruciform crystals; cross- stone.

A related mineral, called lime harmotome, and Phillipsite, contains
lime in place of baryta. Dana.

Har"ness (-ns), n. [OE. harneis, harnes, OF. harneis, F. harnais,
harnois; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. harnez old iron, armor, W. haiarn
iron, Armor. houarn, Ir. iarann, Gael. iarunn. Cf. Iron.] 1.
Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military sense, of a
man or a horse; hence, in general, armor.

    At least we'll die with harness on our back.


Shak.

2. The equipment of a draught or carriage horse, for drawing a wagon,
coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling.

3. The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with their means of
support and motion, by which the threads of the warp are alternately
raised and depressed for the passage of the shuttle.

To die in harness, to die with armor on; hence, colloquially, to die
while actively engaged in work or duty.

Har"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harnessed (-nst); p. pr. & vb. n.
Harnessing.] [OE. harneisen; cf. F. harnacher, OF. harneschier.] 1. To
dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to array.

    Harnessed in rugged steel.


Rowe.

    A gay dagger, Harnessed well and sharp as point of spear.


Chaucer.

2. Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense. Dr. H. More.

3. To make ready for draught; to equip with harness, as a horse. Also
used figuratively.

    Harnessed to some regular profession.


J. C. Shairp.

Harnessed antelope. (Zoˆl.) See Guib. -- Harnessed moth (Zoˆl.), an
American bombycid moth (Arctia phalerata of Harris), having, on the
fore wings, stripes and bands of buff on a black ground.

Har"ness cask` (ksk`). (Naut.) A tub lashed to a vessel's deck and
containing salted provisions for daily use; -- called also harness tub.
W. C. Russell.

Har"ness*er (-r), n. One who harnesses.

Harns (h‰rnz), n. pl. [Akin to Icel. hjarni, Dan. hierne.] The brains.
[Scot.]

Harp (h‰rp), n. [OE. harpe, AS. hearpe; akin to D. harp, G. harfe, OHG.
harpha, Dan. harpe, Icel. & Sw. harpa.] 1. A musical instrument
consisting of a triangular frame furnished with strings and sometimes
with pedals, held upright, and played with the fingers.

2. (Astron.) A constellation; Lyra, or the Lyre.

3. A grain sieve. [Scot.]

∆olian harp. See under ∆olian.

Harp seal (Zoˆl.), an arctic seal (Phoca Grúnlandica). The adult males
have a light- colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each
side, and the face and throat black. Called also saddler, and
saddleback. The immature ones are called bluesides. -- Harp shell
(Zoˆl.), a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the genus Harpa, of
several species, found in tropical seas. See Harpa.

Harp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harped (h‰rpt) p. pr. & vb. n. Harping.] [AS.
hearpian. See Harp, n.] 1. To play on the harp.

    I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their harps.


Rev. xiv. 2.

2. To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in
speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or
continually; -- usually with on or upon. "Harpings upon old themes." W.
Irving.

    Harping on what I am, Not what he knew I was.


Shak.

To harp on one string, to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or
wearisome persistence. [Colloq.]

Harp, v. t. To play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to
develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from
a harp; to hit upon.

    Thou 'st harped my fear aright.


Shak.

||Har"pa (h‰r"p), n. [L., harp.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine univalve
||shells; the harp shells; -- so called from the form of the shells,
||and their ornamental ribs.

Har"pa*gon (-gn), n. [L. harpago, Gr. "arpa`gh hook, rake.] A grappling
iron. [Obs.]

Harp"er (h‰rp"r), n. [AS. hearpere.] 1. A player on the harp; a
minstrel.

    The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . Stand like harpers hoar,
    with beards that rest on their bosoms.


Longfellow.

2. A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, -- formerly current in
Ireland. B. Jonson.

Harp"ing (h‰rp"ng), a. Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies.
Milton.

Harp"ing i`ron (`rn). [F. harper to grasp strongly. See Harpoon.] A
harpoon. Evelyn.

Harp"ings (-ngz), n. pl. (Naut.) The fore parts of the wales, which
encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the stem. [Written
also harpins.] Totten.

Harp"ist, n. [Cf. F. harpiste.] A player on the harp; a harper. W.
Browne.

Har*poon" (h‰r*pn"), n. [F. harpon, LL. harpo, perh. of Ger. origin,
fr. the harp; cf. F. harper to take and grasp strongly, harpe a dog's
claw, harpin boathook (the sense of hook coming from the shape of the
harp); but cf. also Gr. "a`rph the kite, sickle, and E. harpy. Cf.
Harp.] A spear or javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as
whales; a harping iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad,
fiat, triangular head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand,
or discharged from a gun.

Harpoon fork, a kind of hayfork, consisting of bar with hinged barbs at
one end and a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay
from the load by horse power. -- Harpoon gun, a gun used in the whale
fishery for shooting the harpoon into a whale.

Har*poon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harpooned (-pnd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Harpooning.] To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon.

Har`poon*eer" (h‰r`pn*r"), n. An harpooner. Crabb.

Har*poon"er (h‰r*pn"r), n. [Cf. F. harponneur.] One who throws the
harpoon.

Harp"ress (h‰rp"rs), n. A female harper. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Harp"si*chon (h‰rp"s*kn), n. A harpsichord. [Obs.]

Harp"si*chord (-kÙrd), n. [OF. harpechorde, in which the harpe is of
German origin. See Harp, and Chord.] (Mus.) A harp-shaped instrument of
music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of
wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills,
instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by
the piano.

Har"py (h‰r"p), n.; pl. Harpies (-pz). [F. harpie, L. harpyia, Gr.
"a`rpyia, from the root of "arpa`zein to snatch, to seize. Cf.
Rapacious.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and
filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long
claws, and the face pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others
three.

    Both table and provisions vanished quite. With sound of harpies'
    wings and talons heard.


Milton.

2. One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner.

    The harpies about all pocket the pool.


Goldsmith.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (Circus
Êruginosus). (b) A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged
American eagle (ThrasaÎtus harpyia). It ranges from Texas to Brazil.

Harpy bat (Zoˆl.) (a) An East Indian fruit bat of the genus Harpyia
(esp. H. cephalotes), having prominent, tubular nostrils. (b) A small,
insectivorous Indian bat (Harpiocephalus harpia). -- Harpy fly (Zoˆl.),
the house fly.

{ Har"que*bus Har"que*buse } (h‰r"kw*bs), n. [See Arquebus.] A firearm
with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in the second half of the
15th century. The barrel was about forty inches long. A form of the
harquebus was subsequently called arquebus with matchlock.

Har"rage (hr"rj; 48) v. t. [See Harry.] To harass; to plunder from.
[Obs.] Fuller.

Har"re (h‰r"re), n. [OE., fr. AS. heorr, hÌor.] A hinge. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Har"ri*dan (hr"r*dan), n. [F. haridelle a worn-out horse, jade.] A
worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag.

    Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan, substituted for the
    pretty creature I had been used to see.


De Quincey.

Har"ri*er (-r), n. [From Hare, n.] (Zoˆl.) One of a small breed of
hounds, used for hunting hares. [Written also harier.]

Har"ri*er, n. [From Harry.] 1. One who harries.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus
Circus which fly low and harry small animals or birds, -- as the
European marsh harrier (Circus Êruginosus), and the hen harrier (C.
cyaneus).

Harrier hawk(Zoˆl.), one of several species of American hawks of the
genus Micrastur.

Har"row (hr"r), n. [OE. harowe, harwe, AS. hearge; cf. D. hark rake, G.
harke, Icel. herfi harrow, Dan. harve, Sw. harf. &radic;16.] 1. An
implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or metal
crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is drawn
over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the soil and
make it fine, or to cover seed when sown.

2. (Mil.) An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down,
the frame being buried.

Bush harrow, a kind of light harrow made of bushes, for harrowing grass
lands and covering seeds, or to finish the work of a toothed harrow. --
Drill harrow. See under 6th Drill. -- Under the harrow, subjected to
actual torture with a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or
oppression.

Har"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harrowed (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Harrowing.] [OE. harowen, harwen; cf. Dan. harve. See Harrow, n.] 1. To
draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling
the surface, or for covering seed; as, to harrow land.

    Will he harrow the valleys after thee?


Job xxxix. 10.

2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to
torment or distress; to vex.

    My aged muscles harrowed up with whips.


Rowe.

    I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word Would harrow up thy
    soul.


Shak.

Har"row, interj. [OF. harau, haro; fr. OHG. hara, hera, herot, or fr.
OS. herod hither, akin to E. here.] Help! Halloo! An exclamation of
distress; a call for succor; -- the ancient Norman hue and cry. "Harrow
and well away!" Spenser.

    Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain.


Chaucer.

Har"row, v. t. [See Harry.] To pillage; to harry; to oppress. [Obs.]
Spenser.

    Meaning thereby to harrow his people.


Bacon

Har"row*er (-r), n. One who harrows.

Har"row*er, n. One who harries. [Obs.]

Har"ry (-r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harried (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Harrying.] [OE. harwen, herien, herien, AS. hergian to act as an army,
to ravage, plunder, fr. here army; akin to G. heer, Icel. herr, Goth.
harjis, and Lith. karas war. Cf. Harbor, Herald, Heriot.]

1. To strip; to pillage; to lay waste; as, the Northmen came several
times and harried the land.

    To harry this beautiful region.


W. Irving.

    A red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood thrush.


J. Burroughs.

2. To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass. Shak.

Syn. -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry;
annoy; harass.

Har"ry, v. i. To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Harsh (h‰rsh), a. [Compar. Harsher (-r); superl. Harshest.] [OE. harsk;
akin to G. harsch, Dan. harsk rancid, Sw. h‰rsk; from the same source
as E. hard. See Hard, a.] 1. Rough; disagreeable; grating; esp.: (a) To
the touch. "Harsh sand." Boyle. (b) To the taste. "Berries harsh and
crude." Milton. (c) To the ear. "Harsh din." Milton.

2. Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed;
morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough.

    Clarence is so harsh, so blunt.


Shak.

    Though harsh the precept, yet the preacher charmed.


Dryden.

3. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) Having violent contrasts of color, or of
light and shade; lacking in harmony.

Harsh"ly, adv. In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely.

    'T will sound harshly in her ears.


Shak.

Harsh"ness, n. The quality or state of being harsh.

    O, she is Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed, And he's
    composed of harshness.


Shak.

    'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense, The sound must seem an
    echo to the sense.


Pope.

Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See
Acrimony.

Hars"let (h‰rs"lt), n. See Haslet.

Hart (h‰rt), n. [OE. hart, hert, heort, AS. heort, heorot; akin to D.
hert, OHG. hiruz, hirz, G. hirsch, Icel. hjˆrtr, Dan. & Sw. hjort, L.
cervus, and prob. to Gr. kerao`s horned, ke`ras horn. &radic;230. See
Horn.] (Zoˆl.) A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under
Buck.

    Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind.


Milton.

Hart"beest` (-bst`), n. [D. hertebeest. See Hart, and Beast.] (Zoˆl.) A
large South African antelope (Alcelaphus caama), formerly much more
abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with black, the
rump with white. [Written also hartebeest, and hartebest.]

Hart"en (-'n), v. t. To hearten; to encourage; to incite. [Obs.]
Spenser.

Hart"ford (h‰rt"frd), n. The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first
raised at Hartford, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large
dark-colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.

Hart's" clo`ver (h‰rts" kl`vr). (Bot.) Melilot or sweet clover. See
Melilot.

Hart's"-ear` (-r`), n. (Bot.) An Asiatic species of Cacalia (C.
Kleinia), used medicinally in India.

Harts"horn` (-hÙrn`), n. 1. The horn or antler of the hart, or male red
deer.

2. Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts.

Hartshorn plantain (Bot.), an annual species of plantain (Plantago
Coronopus); -- called also buck's-horn. Booth. -- Hartshorn shavings,
originally taken from the horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by
planing down the bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly. Hebert.
-- Salt of hartshorn (Chem.), an impure solid carbonate of ammonia,
obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of
bone; volatile salts. Brande & C. -- Spirits of hartshorn (Chem.), a
solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly obtained
from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar ammoniacal
solutions from other sources have received the same name.

<! p. 673 pr=JMD !>

Hart's"-tongue` (h‰rts"tng`), n. (Bot.) (a) A common British fern
(Scolopendrium vulgare), rare in America. (b) A West Indian fern, the
Polypodium Phyllitidis of LinnÊus. It is also found in Florida.

Hart"wort` (h‰rt"w˚rt`), n. (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of
Europe (Tordylium maximum).

The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same order, as
species of Seseli and Bupleurum.

Har"um-scar"um (h‚r"m*sk‚r"m), a. [Cf. hare,v. t., and scare, v. t.]
Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless. [Colloq.]

    They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a
    harum-scarum lad.


Thackeray.

Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion (h*rs`p*k"shn), n. See Haruspicy. Tylor.

Ha*rus"pice (h*rs"ps), n. [F., fr. L. haruspex.] A diviner of ancient
Rome. Same as Aruspice.

Ha*rus"pi*cy (-p*s), n. The art or practices of haruspices. See
Aruspicy.

Har"vest (h‰r"vst), n. [OE. harvest, hervest, AS. hÊrfest autumn; akin
to LG. harfst, D. herfst, OHG. herbist, G. herbst, and prob. to L.
carpere to pluck, Gr. karpo`s fruit. Cf. Carpet.] 1. The gathering of a
crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of
gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn.

    Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease.


Gen. viii. 22.

    At harvest, when corn is ripe.


Tyndale.

2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gathered; a crop, as
of grain (wheat, maize, etc.), or fruit.

    Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe.


Joel iii. 13.

    To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps.


Shak.

3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward.

    The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee.


Fuller.

    The harvest of a quiet eye.


Wordsworth.

Harvest fish (Zoˆl.), a marine fish of the Southern United States
(Stromateus alepidotus); -- called whiting in Virginia. Also applied to
the dollar fish. -- Harvest fly (Zoˆl.), an hemipterous insect of the
genus Cicada, often called locust. See Cicada. -- Harvest lord, the
head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.] Tusser. -- Harvest mite (Zoˆl.), a
minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis), of a bright crimson color,
which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic
animals; -- called also harvest louse, and harvest bug. -- Harvest
moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or
about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is
made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same
hour for several days. -- Harvest mouse (Zoˆl.), a very small European
field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of
wheat and other plants. -- Harvest queen, an image representing Ceres,
formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. Milton. -- Harvest
spider. (Zoˆl.) See Daddy longlegs.

Har"vest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harvested; p. pr. & vb. n. Harvesting.]
To reap or gather, as any crop.

Har"vest*er (-r), n. 1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and
gathering grain; a reaper.

2. (Zoˆl.) A harvesting ant.

Har"vest-home" (-hm), n. 1. The gathering and bringing home of the
harvest; the time of harvest.

    Showed like a stubble land at harvest- home.


Shak.

2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the
harvest; the feast itself. Dryden.

3. A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of England
and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.

4. The opportunity of gathering treasure. Shak.

Har"vest*ing, a. & n., from Harvest, v. t.

Harvesting ant (Zoˆl.), any species of ant which gathers and stores up
seeds for food. Many species are known.

The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are Aphenogaster
structor and A. barbara; that of Texas, called agricultural ant, is
Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica molifaciens; that of Florida is P.
crudelis. See Agricultural ant, under Agricultural.

Har"vest*less, a. Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren.
"Harvestless autumns." Tennyson.

Har"vest*man (-man), n.; pl. Harvestmen (-men). 1. A man engaged in
harvesting. Shak.

2. (Zoˆl.) See Daddy longlegs, 1.

Har"vest*ry (-r), n. The act of harvesting; also, that which is
harvested. Swinburne.

Har"y (hr"), v. t. [Cf. OF. harier to harass, or E. harry, v. t.] To
draw; to drag; to carry off by violence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Has (hz), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have.

Has"ard (-rd), n. Hazard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hase (hz), v. t. [Obs.] See Haze, v. t.

Hash (hsh), n. [Formerly hachey, hachee, F. hachis, fr. hacher to hash;
of German origin; cf. G. hippe sickle, OHG. hippa, for happia. Cf.
Hatchet.] 1. That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables,
especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small pieces
and mixed.

2. A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition.

    I can not bear elections, and still less the hash of them over
    again in a first session.


Walpole.

Hash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hashed (hsht); p. pr. & vb. n. Hashing.]
[From Hash, n.: cf. F. hacher to hash.] To chop into small pieces; to
mince and mix; as, to hash meat. Hudibras.

{ Hash"eesh Hash"ish } (hsh"sh), n. [Ar. hashsh.] A slightly acrid gum
resin produced by the common hemp (Cannabis sativa), of the variety
Indica, when cultivated in a warm climate; also, the tops of the plant,
from which the resinous product is obtained. It is narcotic, and has
long been used in the East for its intoxicating effect. See Bhang, and
Ganja.

Hask (hsk), n. [See Hassock.] A basket made of rushes or flags, as for
carrying fish. [Obs.] Spenser.

Has"let (hs"lt), n. [F. h‚telettes broil, for hastelettes, fr. F. haste
spit; cf. L. hasta spear, and also OHG. harst gridiron.] The edible
viscera, as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp. of a hog. [Written
also harslet.]

Hasp (hsp), n. [OE. hasp, hesp, AS. hÊpse; akin to G. haspe, h‰spe, Sw.
& Dan. haspe, Icel. hespa.]

1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a
staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by
a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door.

2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on.

3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier.

Hasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hasped (hspt); p. pr. & vb. n. Hasping.] [AS.
hÊpsian.] To shut or fasten with a hasp.

Has"sock (hs"sk), n. [Scot. hassock, hassik, a besom, anything bushy, a
large, round turf used as a seat, OE. hassok sedgy ground, W. hesgog
sedgy, hesg sedge, rushes; cf. Ir. seisg, and E. sedge.] 1. A rank tuft
of bog grass; a tussock. Forby.

2. A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for kneeling on in church, or
for home use.

    And knees and hassocks are well nigh divorced.


Cowper.

Hast (hst), 2d pers. sing. pres. of Have, contr. of havest. [Archaic]

{ Has"tate (hs"tt), Has"ta*ted(- t*td), } a. [L. hastatus, fr. hasta
spear. Cf. Gad, n.] Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with
the basal angles or lobes spreading; as, a hastate leaf.

Haste (hst), n. [OE. hast; akin to D. haast, G., Dan., Sw., & OFries.
hast, cf. OF. haste, F. h‚te (of German origin); all perh. fr. the root
of E. hate in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See Hate.] 1. Celerity of
motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; -- applied only to
voluntary beings, as men and other animals.

    The king's business required haste.


1 Sam. xxi. 8.

2. The state of being urged or pressed by business; hurry; urgency;
sudden excitement of feeling or passion; precipitance; vehemence.

    I said in my haste, All men are liars.


Ps. cxvi. 11.

To make haste, to hasten.

Syn. -- Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition; dispatch;
hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation. -- Haste, Hurry, Speed,
Dispatch. Haste denotes quickness of action and a strong desire for
getting on; hurry includes a confusion and want of collected thought
not implied in haste; speed denotes the actual progress which is made;
dispatch, the promptitude and rapidity with which things are done. A
man may properly be in haste, but never in a hurry. Speed usually
secures dispatch.

Haste, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hasting.] [OE.
hasten; akin to G. hasten, D. haasten, Dan. haste, Sw. hasta, OF.
haster, F. h‚ter. See Haste, n.] To hasten; to hurry. [Archaic]

    I 'll haste the writer.


Shak.

    They were troubled and hasted away.


Ps. xlviii. 5.

Has"ten (hs"'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hastened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hastening (-'n*ng).] To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to
precipitate; to accelerate the movement of; to expedite; to hurry.

    I would hasten my escape from the windy storm.


Ps. lv. 8.

Has"ten, v. i. To move with celerity; to be rapid in motion; to act
speedily or quickly; to go quickly.

    I hastened to the spot whence the noise came.


De Foe.

Has"ten*er (-r), n. 1. One who hastens.

2. That which hastens; especially, a stand or reflector used for
confining the heat of the fire to meat while roasting before it.

Has"tif (hs"tf), a. [OF. See Hastive.] Hasty. [Obs.] Chaucer. --
Has"tif*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Has"tile (hs"tl or -tl), a. [L. hasta a spear.] (Bot.) Same as Hastate.
Gray.

Has"ti*ly (hs"t*l), adv. [From Hasty.] 1. In haste; with speed or
quickness; speedily; nimbly.

2. Without due reflection; precipitately; rashly.

    We hastily engaged in the war.


Swift.

3. Passionately; impatiently. Shak.

Has"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being hasty; haste;
precipitation; rashness; quickness of temper.

Has"tings (-tngz), n. pl. [From Haste, v.] Early fruit or vegetables;
especially, early pease. Mortimer.

Has"tings sands` (sndz`). (Geol.) The lower group of the Wealden
formation; -- so called from its development around Hastings, in
Sussex, England.

Has"tive (-tv), a. [OF. hastif. See Haste, n., and cf. Hastif.]
Forward; early; -- said of fruits. [Obs.]

Has"ty (hs"t), a. [Compar. Hastier (-t*r); superl. Hastiest.] [Akin to
D. haastig, G., Sw., & Dan. hastig. See Haste, n.] 1. Involving haste;
done, made, etc., in haste; as, a hasty retreat; a hasty sketch.

2. Demanding haste or immediate action. [R.] Chaucer. "Hasty
employment." Shak.

3. Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry; hurrying; hence, acting
without deliberation; precipitate; rash; easily excited; eager.

    Seest thou a man that is hasty in his words? There is more hope of
    a fool than of him.


Prov. xxix. 20.

    The hasty multitude Admiring entered.


Milton.

    Be not hasty to go out of his sight.


Eccl. viii. 3.

4. Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; as, a hasty
conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a hasty resolution.

5. Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick temper.

    Take no unkindness of his hasty words.


Shak.

6. Forward; early; first ripe. [Obs.] "As the hasty fruit before the
summer." Is. xxviii. 4.

Has"ty pud"ding (hs"t pd"dng). 1. A thick batter pudding made of Indian
meal stirred into boiling water; mush. [U. S.]

2. A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal, stirred into boiling
water or milk. [Eng.]

Hat (h‰t), a. Hot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hat, sing. pres. of Hote to be called. Cf. Hatte. [Obs.] "That one hat
abstinence." Piers Plowman.

Hat (ht), n. [AS. hÊt, hÊtt; akin to Dan. hat, Sw. hatt, Icel. hattr a
hat, hˆttr hood, D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot, and prob. to L. cassis
helmet. &radic;13. Cf. Hood.] A covering for the head; esp., one with a
crown and brim, made of various materials, and worn by men or women for
protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for ornament.

Hat block, a block on which hats are formed or dressed. -- To pass
around the hat, to take up a collection of voluntary contributions,
which are often received in a hat. [Colloq.] Lowell.

Hat"a*ble (ht"*b'l), a. [From Hate.] Capable of being, or deserving to
be, hated; odious; detestable.

Hat"band` (ht"bnd`), n. A band round the crown of a hat; sometimes, a
band of black cloth, crape, etc., worn as a badge of mourning.

Hat"box` (-bks`), n. A box for a hat.

Hatch (hch), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatched (hcht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hatching.] [F. hacher to chop, hack. See Hash.] 1. To cross with lines
in a peculiar manner in drawing and engraving. See Hatching.

    Shall win this sword, silvered and hatched.


Chapman.

    Those hatching strokes of the pencil.


Dryden.

2. To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep. [Obs.]

    His weapon hatched in blood.


Beau. & Fl.

Hatch, v. t. [OE. hacchen, hetchen; akin to G. hecken, Dan. hekke; cf.
MHG. hagen bull; perh. akin to E. hatch a half door, and orig. meaning,
to produce under a hatch. &radic;12.] 1. To produce, as young, from an
egg or eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat; to produce young from
(eggs); as, the young when hatched. Paley.

    As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not.


Jer. xvii. 11.

    For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in a
    certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them and
    hatch them.


Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to
originate and produce; to concoct; as, to hatch mischief; to hatch
heresy. Hooker.

    Fancies hatched In silken-folded idleness.


Tennyson.

Hatch, v. i. To produce young; -- said of eggs; to come forth from the
egg; -- said of the young of birds, fishes, insects, etc.

Hatch, n. 1. The act of hatching.

2. Development; disclosure; discovery. Shak.

3. The chickens produced at once or by one incubation; a brood.

Hatch, n. [OE. hacche, AS. hÊc, cf. haca the bar of a door, D. hek
gate, Sw. h‰ck coop, rack, Dan. hekke manger, rack. Prob. akin to E.
hook, and first used of something made of pieces fastened together. Cf.
Heck, Hack a frame.] 1. A door with an opening over it; a half door,
sometimes set with spikes on the upper edge.

    In at the window, or else o'er the hatch.


Shak.

2. A frame or weir in a river, for catching fish.

3. A flood gate; a sluice gate. Ainsworth.

4. A bedstead. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

5. An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a warehouse which
serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway; also; a cover or door,
or one of the covers used in closing such an opening.

6. (Mining) An opening into, or in search of, a mine.

Booby hatch, Buttery hatch, Companion hatch, etc. See under Booby,
Buttery, etc. -- To batten down the hatches (Naut.), to lay tarpaulins
over them, and secure them with battens. -- To be under hatches, to be
confined below in a vessel; to be under arrest, or in slavery,
distress, etc.

Hatch, v. t. To close with a hatch or hatches.

    'T were not amiss to keep our door hatched.


Shak.

Hatch"-boat` (hch"bt`), n. (Naut.) A vessel whose deck consists almost
wholly of movable hatches; -- used mostly in the fisheries.

Hatch"el (-l; 277), n. [OE. hechele, hekele; akin to D. hekel, G.
hechel, Dan. hegle, Sw. h‰kla, and prob. to E. hook. See Hook, and cf.
Hackle, Heckle.] An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for
cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a kind of
large comb; -- called also hackle and heckle.

Hatch"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatcheled or Hatchelled (-ld); p. pr. &
vb. n. Hatcheling or Hatchelling.] [OE. hechelen, hekelen; akin to D.
hekelen, G. hecheln, Dan. hegle, Sw. h‰kla. See Hatchel, n.] 1. To draw
through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax or hemp, so as to separate the
coarse and refuse parts from the fine, fibrous parts.

2. To tease; to worry; to torment. [Colloq.]

Hatch"el*er (-r), n. One who uses a hatchel.

Hatch"er (-r), n. 1. One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching
apparatus; an incubator.

2. One who contrives or originates; a plotter.

    A great hatcher and breeder of business.


Swift.

Hatch"er*y (-), n. A house for hatching fish, etc.

Hatch"et (-t), n. [F. hachette, dim. of hache ax. See 1st Hatch, Hash.]
1. A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand.

2. Specifically, a tomahawk.

    Buried was the bloody hatchet.


Longfellow.

<! p. 674 pr=JMD !>

Hatchet face, a thin, sharp face, like the edge of a hatchet; hence:
Hatchet-faced, sharp-visaged. Dryden. -- To bury the hatchet, to make
peace or become reconciled. -- To take up the hatchet, to make or
declare war. The last two phrases are derived from the practice of the
American Indians.

{ Hatch"et*tine (hch"t*tn), Hatch"et*tite (-tt), } n. [Named after the
discoverer, Charles Hatchett.] (Min.) Mineral tallow; a waxy or
spermaceti-like substance, commonly of a greenish yellow color.

Hatch"ing, n. [See 1st Hatch.] A mode of execution in engraving,
drawing, and miniature painting, in which shading is produced by lines
crossing each other at angles more or less acute; -- called also
crosshatching.

Hatch"ment (-ment), n. [Corrupt. fr. achievement.]

1. (Her.) A sort of panel, upon which the arms of a deceased person are
temporarily displayed, -- usually on the walls of his dwelling. It is
lozenge-shaped or square, but is hung cornerwise. It is used in England
as a means of giving public notification of the death of the deceased,
his or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc. Called also
achievement.

    His obscure funeral; No trophy, sword, or hatchment o'er his bones.


Shak.

2. A sword or other mark of the profession of arms; in general, a mark
of dignity.

    Let there be deducted, out of our main potation, Five marks in
    hatchments to adorn this thigh.


Beau. & Fl.

Hatch"ure (-r; 135), n. Same as Hachure.

Hatch"way` (-w`), n. A square or oblong opening in a deck or floor,
affording passage from one deck or story to another; the entrance to a
cellar.

Hate (ht), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hated; p. pr. & vb. n. Hating.] [OE.
haten, hatien, AS. hatian; akin to OS. hatan, hatn to be hostile to, D.
haten to hate, OHG. hazzn, hazzn, G. hassen, Icel. & Sw. hata, Dan.
hade, Goth. hatan, hatjan. &radic;36. Cf. Hate, n., Heinous.]

1. To have a great aversion to, with a strong desire that evil should
befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; to dislike
intensely; to detest; as, to hate one's enemies; to hate hypocrisy.

    Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer.


1 John iii. 15.

2. To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive, or a substantive
clause with that; as, to hate to get into debt; to hate that anything
should be wasted.

    I hate that he should linger here.


Tennyson.

3. (Script.) To love less, relatively. Luke xiv. 26.

Syn. -- To Hate, Abhor, Detest, Abominate, Loathe. Hate is the generic
word, and implies that one is inflamed with extreme dislike. We abhor
what is deeply repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We detest
what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments that we
feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we abominate does
equal violence to our moral and religious sentiments. What we loathe is
offensive to our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our Savior
is said to have hated the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his language shows
that he loathed the lukewarmness of the Laodiceans; he detested the
hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees; he abhorred the suggestions of
the tempter in the wilderness.

Hate, n. [OE. hate, hete, AS. hete; akin to D. haat, G. hass, Icel.
hatr, SW. hat, Dan. had, Goth. hatis. Cf. Hate, v.] Strong aversion
coupled with desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the
feeling is directed; as exercised toward things, intense dislike;
hatred; detestation; -- opposed to love.

    For in a wink the false love turns to hate.


Tennyson.

Hate"ful (-fl), a. 1. Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant;
malevolent. [Archaic or R.]

    And worse than death, to view with hateful eyes His rival's
    conquest.


Dryden.

2. Exciting or deserving great dislike, aversion, or disgust; odious.

    Unhappy, wretched, hateful day!


Shak.

Syn. -- Odious; detestable; abominable; execrable; loathsome;
abhorrent; repugnant; malevolent.

-- Hate"ful*ly, adv. -- Hate"ful*ness, n.

Hat"el (ht"l), a. Hateful; detestable. [Obs.]

Hat"er (ht"r), n. One who hates.

    An enemy to God, and a hater of all good.


Sir T. Browne.

Hath (hth), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have, contracted from haveth. Has.
[Archaic]

Hat"less (ht"ls), a. Having no hat.

Hat"rack` (ht"rk`), n. A hatstand; hattree.

Ha"tred (h"trd), n. [OE. hatred, hatreden. See Hate, and cf. Kindred.]
Strong aversion; intense dislike; hate; an affection of the mind
awakened by something regarded as evil.

Syn. -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity; malevolence; rancor;
malignity; detestation; loathing; abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy.
See Odium.

Hat"stand` (ht"stnd`), n. A stand of wood or iron, with hooks or pegs
upon which to hang hats, etc.

Hat"te (h‰t"te), pres. & imp. sing. & pl. of Hote, to be called. See
Hote. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    A full perilous place, purgatory it hatte.


Piers Plowman.

Hat"ted (ht"td), a. Covered with a hat.

Hat"ter (-tr), v. t. [Prov. E., to entangle; cf. LG. verhaddern,
verheddern, verhiddern.] To tire or worry; -- with out. [Obs.] Dryden.

Hat"ter, n. One who makes or sells hats.

||Hat*te"ri*a (ht*t"r*), n. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A New Zealand lizard, which,
||in anatomical character, differs widely from all other existing
||lizards. It is the only living representative of the order
||Rhynchocephala, of which many Mesozoic fossil species are known; --
||called also Sphenodon, and Tuatera. See Rhynchocephala.

Hat"ting (ht"tng), n. The business of making hats; also, stuff for
hats.

||Hat"ti-sher`if (ht"t*shr`f or h‰t"t*sh*rf"), n. [Turk., fr. Ar. khatt
||a writing + sherf noble.] A irrevocable Turkish decree countersigned
||by the sultan.

Hat"tree` (ht"tr`), n. A hatstand.

Hau*ber"ge*on (h*br"j*n), n. See Habergeon.

Hau"berk (h"brk), n. [OF. hauberc, halberc, F. haubert, OHG. halsberc;
hals neck + bergan to protect, G. bergen; akin to AS. healsbeorg, Icel.
hlsbjˆrg. See Collar, and Bury, v. t.] A coat of mail; especially, the
long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the
habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it
is often used synonymously with habergeon. See Habergeon. [Written
variously hauberg, hauberque, hawberk, etc.] Chaucer.

    Helm, nor hawberk's twisted mail.


Gray.

Hau"er*ite (h"r*t), n. [Named after Von Hauer, of Vienna.] (Min.)
Native sulphide of manganese, a reddish brown or brownish black
mineral.

Haugh (h), n. [See Haw a hedge.] A low-lying meadow by the side of a
river. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

    On a haugh or level plain, near to a royal borough.


Sir W. Scott.

Haught (ht), a. [See Haughty.] High; elevated; hence, haughty; proud.
[Obs.] Shak.

Haugh"ti*ly (h"t*l), adv. [From Haughty.] In a haughty manner;
arrogantly.

Haugh"ti*ness, n. [For hauteinness. See Haughty.] The quality of being
haughty; disdain; arrogance.

Syn. -- Arrogance; disdain; contemptuousness; superciliousness;
loftiness. -- Haughtiness, Arrogance, Disdain. Haughtiness denotes the
expression of conscious and proud superiority; arrogance is a
disposition to claim for one's self more than is justly due, and
enforce it to the utmost; disdain in the exact reverse of condescension
toward inferiors, since it expresses and desires others to feel how far
below ourselves we consider them. A person is haughty in disposition
and demeanor; arrogant in his claims of homage and deference;
disdainful even in accepting the deference which his haughtiness leads
him arrogantly to exact.

Haugh"ty (-t), a. [Compar. Haughtier (-t*r); superl. Haughtiest.] [OE.
hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See
Altitude.]

1. High; lofty; bold. [Obs. or Archaic]

    To measure the most haughty mountain's height.


Spenser.

    Equal unto this haughty enterprise.


Spenser.

2. Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant; overbearing.

    A woman of a haughty and imperious nature.


Clarendon.

3. Indicating haughtiness; as, a haughty carriage.

    Satan, with vast and haughty strides advanced, Came towering.


Milton.

Haul (hl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hauled (hld); p. pr. & vb. n. Hauling.]
[OE. halen, halien, F. haler, of German or Scand. origin; akin to AS.
geholian to acquire, get, D. halen to fetch, pull, draw, OHG. holn,
haln, G. holen, Dan. hale to haul, Sw. hala, and to L. calare to call,
summon, Gr. kalei^n to call. Cf. Hale, v. t., Claim. Class, Council,
Ecclesiastic.] 1. To pull or draw with force; to drag.

    Some dance, some haul the rope.


Denham.

    Thither they bent, and hauled their ships to land.


Pope.

    Romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust.


Thomson.

2. To transport by drawing, as with horses or oxen; as, to haul logs to
a sawmill.

    When I was seven or eight years of age, I began hauling all the
    wood used in the house and shops.


U. S. Grant.

To haul over the coals. See under Coal. -- To haul the wind (Naut.), to
turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from which the wind
blows.

Haul, v. i. 1. (Naut.) To change the direction of a ship by hauling the
wind. See under Haul, v. t.

    I . . . hauled up for it, and found it to be an island.


Cook.

2. To pull apart, as oxen sometimes do when yoked.

To haul around (Naut.), to shift to any point of the compass; -- said
of the wind. -- To haul off (Naut.), to sail closer to the wind, in
order to get farther away from anything; hence, to withdraw; to draw
back.

Haul, n. 1. A pulling with force; a violent pull.

2. A single draught of a net; as, to catch a hundred fish at a haul.

3. That which is caught, taken, or gained at once, as by hauling a net.

4. Transportation by hauling; the distance through which anything is
hauled, as freight in a railroad car; as, a long haul or short haul.

5. (Rope Making) A bundle of about four hundred threads, to be tarred.

Haul"age (-j), n. Act of hauling; as, the haulage of cars by an engine;
charge for hauling.

Haul"er (-r), n. One who hauls.

Haulm (hm), n. [OE. halm, AS. healm; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. halm,
Icel. hlmr, L. calamus reed, cane, stalk, Gr. kalamo`s. Cf. Excel,
Culminate, Culm, Shawm, Calamus.] The denuded stems or stalks of such
crops as buckwheat and the cereal grains, beans, etc.; straw.

Haulm, n. A part of a harness; a hame.

Hauls (hls), n. [Obs.] See Hals.

Haulse (hls), v. [Obs.] See Halse.

Hault (hlt), a. [OF. hault, F. haut. See Haughty.] Lofty; haughty.
[Obs.]

    Through support of countenance proud and hault.


Spenser.

Haum (hm), n. See Haulm, stalk. Smart.

Haunce (hns), v. t. To enhance. [Obs.] Lydgate.

Haunch (h‰nch; 277), n. [F. hanche, of German origin; cf. OD. hancke,
hencke, and also OHG. ancha; prob. not akin to E. ankle.] 1. The hip;
the projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip
joint; the hind part.

2. Of meats: The leg and loin taken together; as, a haunch of venison.

Haunch bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. -- Haunches of an
arch (Arch.), the parts on each side of the crown of an arch. (See
Crown, n., 11.) Each haunch may be considered as from one half to two
thirds of the half arch.

Haunched (h‰ncht), a. Having haunches.

Haunt (h‰nt; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haunted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Haunting.] [F. hanter; of uncertain origin, perh. from an assumed LL.
ambitare to go about, fr. L. ambire (see Ambition); or cf. Icel. heimta
to demand, regain, akin to heim home (see Home). &radic;36.] 1. To
frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or
intrusively; to intrude upon.

    You wrong me, sir, thus still to haunt my house.


Shak.

    Those cares that haunt the court and town.


Swift.

2. To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as a ghost or
apparition.

    Foul spirits haunt my resting place.


Fairfax.

3. To practice; to devote one's self to. [Obs.]

    That other merchandise that men haunt with fraud . . . is cursed.


Chaucer.

    Leave honest pleasure, and haunt no good pastime.


Ascham.

4. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.]

    Haunt thyself to pity.


Wyclif.

Haunt, v. i. To persist in staying or visiting.

    I've charged thee not to haunt about my doors.


Shak.

Haunt, n. 1. A place to which one frequently resorts; as, drinking
saloons are the haunts of tipplers; a den is the haunt of wild beasts.

In Old English the place occupied by any one as a dwelling or in his
business was called a haunt.

Often used figuratively.

    The household nook, The haunt of all affections pure.


Keble.

    The feeble soul, a haunt of fears.


Tennyson.

2. The habit of resorting to a place. [Obs.]

    The haunt you have got about the courts.


Arbuthnot.

3. Practice; skill. [Obs.]

    Of clothmaking she hadde such an haunt.


Chaucer.

Haunt"ed, a. Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions;
frequented by a ghost.

    All houses wherein men have lived and died Are haunted houses.


Longfellow.

Haunt"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, haunts.

Hau"ri*ent (h"r*ent), a. [L. hauriens, p. pr. of haurire to breathe.]
(Her.) In pale, with the head in chief; -- said of the figure of a
fish, as if rising for air.

Hau"sen (h"sn), n. [G.] (Zoˆl.) A large sturgeon (Acipenser huso) from
the region of the Black Sea. It is sometimes twelve feet long.

Hausse (hs), n. [F.] (Gun.) A kind of graduated breech sight for a
small arm, or a cannon.

||Haus`tel*la"ta (hs`tl*l"t), n. pl. [NL., fr. haustellum, fr. L.
||haurire, haustum, to draw water, to swallow. See Exhaust.] (Zoˆl.) An
||artificial division of insects, including all those with a sucking
||proboscis.

Haus"tel*late (hs"tl*lt or hs*tl"lt), a. [See Haustellata.] (Zoˆl.)
Provided with a haustellum, or sucking proboscis. -- n. One of the
Haustellata.

||Haus*tel"lum (hs*tl"lm), n.; pl. Haustella (- l). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The
||sucking proboscis of various insects. See Lepidoptera, and Diptera.

||Haus*to"ri*um (-t"r*m), n.; pl. Haustoria (- ). [LL., a well, fr. L.
||haurire, haustum, to drink.] (Bot.) One of the suckerlike rootlets of
||such plants as the dodder and ivy. R. Brown.

Haut (ht), a. [F. See Haughty.] Haughty. [Obs.] "Nations proud and
haut." Milton.

Haut"boy (h"boi), n. [F. hautbois, lit., high wood; haut high + bois
wood. So called on account of its high tone. See Haughty, Bush; and cf.
Oboe.] 1. (Mus.) A wind instrument, sounded through a reed, and similar
in shape to the clarinet, but with a thinner tone. Now more commonly
called oboe. See Illust. of Oboe.

2. (Bot.) A sort of strawberry (Fragaria elatior).

Haut"boy*ist (-st), n. [Cf. F. hautboÔste.] A player on the hautboy.

Hau"tein (h"tn), a. [See Haughty.] 1. Haughty; proud. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. High; -- said of the voice or flight of birds. [Obs.]

||Hau`teur" (h`tr"), n. [F., fr. haut high. See Haughty.] Haughty
||manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance.

||Haut`go˚t" (h`g"), n. [F.] High relish or flavor; high seasoning.

||Haut`pas" (h`p‰"), n. [F. haut high + pas step.] A raised part of the
||floor of a large room; a platform for a raised table or throne. See
||Dais.

<! p. 675 pr=JMD !>

Ha"¸y*nite (‰"w*nt), n. [From the French mineralogist Ha¸y.] (Min.) A
blue isometric mineral, characteristic of some volcanic rocks. It is a
silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with sulphate of lime.

Ha*van"a (h*vn"), a. Of or pertaining to Havana, the capital of the
island of Cuba; as, an Havana cigar; -- formerly sometimes written
Havannah. -- n. An Havana cigar.

    Young Frank Clavering stole his father's Havannahs, and . . .
    smoked them in the stable.


Thackeray.

Hav`an*ese" (hv`n*z" or - s"), a. Of or pertaining to Havana, in Cuba.
-- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant, or the people, of Havana.

Have (hv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Had (hd); p. pr. & vb. n. Having. Indic.
present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they have.] [OE. haven,
habben, AS. habben (imperf. hÊfde, p. p. gehÊfd); akin to OS. hebbian,
D. hebben, OFries. hebba, OHG. habn, G. haben, Icel. hafa, Sw. hafva,
Dan. have, Goth. haban, and prob. to L. habere, whence F. avoir. Cf.
Able, Avoirdupois, Binnacle, Habit.] 1. To hold in possession or
control; to own; as, he has a farm.

2. To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or
affects, one.

    The earth hath bubbles, as the water has.


Shak.

    He had a fever late.


Keats.

3. To accept possession of; to take or accept.

    Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou have me?


Shak.

4. To get possession of; to obtain; to get. Shak.

5. To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to
require.

    I had the church accurately described to me.


Sir W. Scott.

    Wouldst thou have me turn traitor also?


Ld. Lytton.

6. To bear, as young; as, she has just had a child.

7. To hold, regard, or esteem.

    Of them shall I be had in honor.


2 Sam. vi. 22.

8. To cause or force to go; to take. "The stars have us to bed."
Herbert. "Have out all men from me." 2 Sam. xiii. 9.

9. To take or hold (one's self); to proceed promptly; -- used
reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; as, to have after one;
to have at one or at a thing, i. e., to aim at one or at a thing; to
attack; to have with a companion. Shak.

10. To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by
an infinitive.

    Science has, and will long have, to be a divider and a separatist.


M. Arnold.

    The laws of philology have to be established by external comparison
    and induction.


Earle.

11. To understand.

    You have me, have you not?


Shak.

12. To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; as, that
is where he had him. [Slang]

Have, as an auxiliary verb, is used with the past participle to form
preterit tenses; as, I have loved; I shall have eaten. Originally it
was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and denoted the
possession of the object in the state indicated by the participle; as,
I have conquered him, I have or hold him in a conquered state; but it
has long since lost this independent significance, and is used with the
participles both of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for
expressing past time. Had is used, especially in poetry, for would have
or should have.

    Myself for such a face had boldly died.


Tennyson.

To have a care, to take care; to be on one's guard. -- To have (a man)
out, to engage (one) in a duel. -- To have done (with). See under Do,
v. i. -- To have it out, to speak freely; to bring an affair to a
conclusion. -- To have on, to wear. - - To have to do with. See under
Do, v. t.

Syn. -- To possess; to own. See Possess.

Have"less, a. Having little or nothing. [Obs.] Gower.

Hav"e*lock (hv"*lk), n. [From Havelock, an English general
distinguished in India in the rebellion of 1857.] A light cloth
covering for the head and neck, used by soldiers as a protection from
sunstroke.

Ha"ven (h"v'n), n. [AS. hÊfene; akin to D. & LG. haven, G. hafen, MHG.
habe, Dan. havn, Icel. hˆfn, Sw. hamn; akin to E. have, and hence
orig., a holder; or to heave (see Heave); or akin to AS. hÊf sea, Icel.
& Sw. haf, Dan. hav, which is perh. akin to E. heave.] 1. A bay,
recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords
anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port.

    What shipping and what lading 's in our haven.


Shak.

    Their haven under the hill.


Tennyson.

2. A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum. Shak.

    The haven, or the rock of love.


Waller.

Ha"ven, v. t. To shelter, as in a haven. Keats.

Ha"ven*age (-j), n. Harbor dues; port dues.

Ha"vened (h"v'nd), p. a. Sheltered in a haven.

    Blissful havened both from joy and pain.


Keats.

Ha"ven*er (h"v'n*r), n. A harbor master. [Obs.]

Ha"ver (hv"r), n. A possessor; a holder. Shak.

Hav"er, n. [D. haver; akin to G. haber.] The oat; oats. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]

Haver bread, oaten bread. -- Haver cake, oaten cake. Piers Plowman. --
Haver grass, the wild oat. -- Haver meal, oatmeal.

Ha"ver (h"vr), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To maunder; to talk
foolishly; to chatter. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Hav"er*sack (hv"r*sk), n. [F. havresac, G. habersack, sack for oats.
See 2d Haver, and Sack a bag.]

1. A bag for oats or oatmeal. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which a soldier carries
his rations when on a march; -- distinguished from knapsack.

3. A gunner's case or bag used to carry cartridges from the ammunition
chest to the piece in loading.

Ha*ver"sian (h*vr"shan), a. Pertaining to, or discovered by, Clopton
Havers, an English physician of the seventeenth century.

Haversian canals (Anat.), the small canals through which the blood
vessels ramify in bone.

||Hav`il*dar" (hv`l*d‰r"), n. In the British Indian armies, a
||noncommissioned officer of native soldiers, corresponding to a
||sergeant.

Havildar major, a native sergeant major in the East Indian army.

Hav"ing (hv"ng), n. Possession; goods; estate.

    I 'll lend you something; my having is not much.


Shak.

Hav"ior (hv"yr), n. [OE. havour, a corruption of OF. aveir, avoir, a
having, of same origin as E. aver a work horse. The h is due to
confusion with E. have.] Behavior; demeanor. [Obs.] Shak.

Hav"oc (hv"k), n. [W. hafog devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself
fr. E. havoc, cf. OE. havot, or AS. hafoc hawk, which is a cruel or
rapacious bird, or F. hai, voux! a cry to hounds.] Wide and general
destruction; devastation; waste.

    As for Saul, he made havoc of the church.


Acts viii. 3.

    Ye gods, what havoc does ambition make Among your works!


Addison.

Hav"oc, v. t. To devastate; to destroy; to lay waste.

    To waste and havoc yonder world.


Milton.

Hav"oc, interj. [See Havoc, n.] A cry in war as the signal for
indiscriminate slaughter. Toone.

    Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt With modest warrant.


Shak.

    Cry 'havoc,' and let slip the dogs of war!


Shak.

Haw (h), n. [OE. hawe, AS. haga; akin to D. haag headge, G. hag, hecke,
Icel. hagi pasture, Sw. hage, Dan. have garden. &radic;12. Cf. Haggard,
Ha-ha, Haugh, Hedge.]

1. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard.

    And eke there was a polecat in his haw.


Chaucer.

2. The fruit of the hawthorn. Bacon.

Haw, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Anat.) The third eyelid, or nictitating
membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate.

Haw, n. [Cf. ha an interjection of wonder, surprise, or hesitation.] An
intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat like haw!
also, the sound so made. "Hums or haws." Congreve.

Haw, v. i. To stop, in speaking, with a sound like haw; to speak with
interruption and hesitation.

    Cut it short; don't prose -- don't hum and haw.


Chesterfield.

Haw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawed (hd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hawing.] [Written
also hoi.] [Perhaps connected with here, hither; cf., however, F.
huhau, hurhau, hue, interj. used in turning a horse to the right, G.
hott, h¸, interj. used in calling to a horse.] To turn to the near
side, or toward the driver; -- said of cattle or a team: a word used by
teamsters in guiding their teams, and most frequently in the
imperative. See Gee.

To haw and gee, or To haw and gee about, to go from one thing to
another without good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be
irresolute or unstable. [Colloq.]

Haw, v. t. To cause to turn, as a team, to the near side, or toward the
driver; as, to haw a team of oxen.

To haw and gee, or To haw and gee about, to lead this way and that at
will; to lead by the nose; to master or control. [Colloq.]

Ha*wai"ian (h*w"yan), a. Belonging to Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands,
or to the people of Hawaii. -- n. A native of Hawaii.

Hawe"bake` (h"bk`), n. Probably, the baked berry of the hawthorn tree,
that is, coarse fare. See 1st Haw, 2. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Haw"finch` (h"fnch`), n. (Zoˆl.) The common European grosbeak
(Coccothraustes vulgaris); -- called also cherry finch, and coble.

Haw-haw" (h*h), n. [Duplication of haw a hedge.] See Ha-ha.

Haw*haw", v. i. [Of imitative origin.] To laugh boisterously. [Colloq.
U. S.]

    We haw-haw'd, I tell you, for more than half an hour.


Major Jack Downing.

Hawk (hk), n. [OE. hauk (prob. fr. Icel.), havek, AS. hafoc, heafoc;
akin to D. havik, OHG. habuh, G. habicht, Icel. haukr, Sw. hˆk, Dan.
hˆg, prob. from the root of E. heave.] (Zoˆl.) One of numerous species
and genera of rapacious birds of the family FalconidÊ. They differ from
the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and notch of the bill,
and in having shorter and less pointed wings. Many are of large size
and grade into the eagles. Some, as the goshawk, were formerly trained
like falcons. In a more general sense the word is not infrequently
applied, also, to true falcons, as the sparrow hawk, pigeon hawk, duck
hawk, and prairie hawk.

Among the common American species are the red-tailed hawk (Buteo
borealis); the red-shouldered (B. lineatus); the broad-winged (B.
Pennsylvanicus); the rough-legged (Archibuteo lagopus); the
sharp-shinned (Accipiter fuscus). See Fishhawk, Goshawk, Marsh hawk,
under Marsh, Night hawk, under Night.

Bee hawk (Zoˆl.), the honey buzzard. -- Eagle hawk. See under Eagle. --
Hawk eagle (Zoˆl.), an Asiatic bird of the genus SpizÊtus, or LimnÊtus,
intermediate between the hawks and eagles. There are several species.
-- Hawk fly (Zoˆl.), a voracious fly of the family AsilidÊ. See Hornet
fly, under Hornet. -- Hawk moth. (Zoˆl.) See Hawk moth, in the
Vocabulary. -- Hawk owl. (Zoˆl.) (a) A northern owl (Surnia ulula) of
Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects resembles the
hawks. (b) An owl of India (Ninox scutellatus). -- Hawk's bill
(Horology), the pawl for the rack, in the striking mechanism of a
clock.

Hawk (hk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawked (hkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Hawking.]
1. To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of hawks trained for
the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry.

    A falconer Henry is, when Emma hawks.


Prior.

2. To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk;
-- generally with at; as, to hawk at flies. Dryden.

    A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl
    hawked at and killed.


Shak.

Hawk, v. i. [W. hochi.] To clear the throat with an audible sound by
forcing an expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between
the depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in
the removal of foreign substances.

Hawk, v. t. To raise by hawking, as phlegm.

Hawk, n. [W. hoch.] An effort to force up phlegm from the throat,
accompanied with noise.

Hawk, v. t. [Akin to D. hauker a hawker, G. hˆken, hˆcken, to higgle,
to retail, hˆke, hˆker, a higgler, huckster. See Huckster.] To offer
for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from
place to place for sale; to peddle; as, to hawk goods or pamphlets.

    His works were hawked in every street.


Swift.

Hawk, n. (Masonry) A small board, with a handle on the under side, to
hold mortar.

Hawk boy, an attendant on a plasterer to supply him with mortar.

Hawk"bill` (-bl`), n. (Zoˆl.) A sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata),
which yields the best quality of tortoise shell; -- called also caret.

Hawk"bit` (-bt`), n. (Bot.) The fall dandelion (Leontodon autumnale).

Hawked (hkt), a. Curved like a hawk's bill; crooked.

Hawk"er (hk"r), n. One who sells wares by crying them in the street;
hence, a peddler or a packman. Swift.

Hawk"er, v. i. To sell goods by outcry in the street. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Hawk"er, n. [Cf. AS. hafecere. See 1st Hawk.] A falconer.

Hawk"ey (-), n. See Hockey. Holloway.

Hawk"-eyed` (-d`), a. Having a keen eye; sharpsighted; discerning.

Hawk" moth` (mth`; 115). (Zoˆl.) Any moth of the family SphingidÊ, of
which there are numerous genera and species. They are large, handsome
moths, which fly mostly at twilight and hover about flowers like a
humming bird, sucking the honey by means of a long, slender proboscis.
The larvÊ are large, hairless caterpillars ornamented with green and
other bright colors, and often with a caudal spine. See Sphinx, also
Tobacco worm, and Tomato worm.

Tobacco Hawk Moth (Macrosila Carolina), and its Larva, the Tobacco
Worm.

The larvÊ of several species of hawk moths feed on grapevines. The
elm-tree hawk moth is Ceratomia Amyntor.

Hawk"weed` (-wd`), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Hieracium; -- so
called from the ancient belief that birds of prey used its juice to
strengthen their vision. (b) A plant of the genus Senecio (S.
hieracifolius). Loudon.

Hawm (hm), n. See Haulm, straw.

Hawm, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To lounge; to loiter. [Prov. Eng.]
Tennyson.

Hawse (hz or hs; 277), n. [Orig. a hawse hole, or hole in the bow of
the ship; cf. Icel. hals, hls, neck, part of the bows of a ship, AS.
heals neck. See Collar, and cf. Halse to embrace.] 1. A hawse hole.
Harris.

2. (Naut.) (a) The situation of the cables when a vessel is moored with
two anchors, one on the starboard, the other on the port bow. (b) The
distance ahead to which the cables usually extend; as, the ship has a
clear or open hawse, or a foul hawse; to anchor in our hawse, or
athwart hawse. (c) That part of a vessel's bow in which are the hawse
holes for the cables.

Athwart hawse. See under Athwart. -- Foul hawse, a hawse in which the
cables cross each other, or are twisted together. -- Hawse block, a
block used to stop up a hawse hole at sea; -- called also hawse plug.
-- Hawse hole, a hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable
passes. -- Hawse piece, one of the foremost timbers of a ship, through
which the hawse hole is cut. -- Hawse plug. Same as Hawse block
(above). -- To come in at the hawse holes, to enter the naval service
at the lowest grade. [Cant] -- To freshen the hawse, to veer out a
little more cable and bring the chafe and strain on another part.

<! p. 676 pr=JMD !>

Haws"er (hz"r or hs"r), n. [From F. hausser to lift, raise (cf. OF.
hausserÈe towpath, towing, F. haussiËre hawser), LL. altiare, fr. L.
altus high. See Haughty.] A large rope made of three strands each
containing many yarns.

Three hawsers twisted together make a cable; but it nautical usage the
distinction between cable and hawser is often one of size rather than
of manufacture.

Hawser iron, a calking iron.

Haws"er-laid` (-ld`), a. Made in the manner of a hawser. Cf.
Cable-laid, and see Illust. of Cordage.

Haw"thorn` (h"thÙrn`), n. [AS. haga˛orn, hÊg˛orn. See Haw a hedge, and
Thorn.] (Bot.) A thorny shrub or tree (the CratÊgus oxyacantha), having
deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers, and a
fruit called haw. It is much used in Europe for hedges, and for
standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is CratÊgus cordata, which
has the leaves but little lobed.

    Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade To shepherds?


Shak.

Hay (h), n. [AS. hege: cf. F. haie, of German origin. See Haw a hedge,
Hedge.] 1. A hedge. [Obs.]

2. A net set around the haunt of an animal, especially of a rabbit.
Rowe.

To dance the hay, to dance in a ring. Shak.

Hay, v. i. To lay snares for rabbits. Huloet.

Hay, n. [OE. hei, AS. hg; akin to D. hooi, OHG. hewi, houwi, G. heu,
Dan. & Sw. hˆ, Icel. hey, ha, Goth. hawi grass, fr. the root of E. hew.
See Hew to cut.] Grass cut and cured for fodder.

    Make hay while the sun shines.


Camden.

    Hay may be dried too much as well as too little.


C. L. Flint.

Hay cap, a canvas covering for a haycock. -- Hay fever (Med.), nasal
catarrh accompanied with fever, and sometimes with paroxysms of
dyspnúa, to which some persons are subject in the spring and summer
seasons. It has been attributed to the effluvium from hay, and to the
pollen of certain plants. It is also called hay asthma, hay cold, rose
cold, and rose fever. -- Hay knife, a sharp instrument used in cutting
hay out of a stack or mow. -- Hay press, a press for baling loose hay.
-- Hay tea, the juice of hay extracted by boiling, used as food for
cattle, etc. -- Hay tedder, a machine for spreading and turning
new-mown hay. See Tedder.

Hay, v. i. To cut and cure grass for hay.

Hay"bird` (h"brd`), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The European spotted flycatcher. (b)
The European blackcap.

Hay"bote` (h"bt`), n. [See Hay hedge, and Bote, and cf. Hedgebote.]
(Eng. Law.) An allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing his hedges
or fences; hedgebote. See Bote. Blackstone.

Hay"cock` (h"kk`), n. A conical pile or heap of hay in the field.

    The tanned haycock in the mead.


Milton.

Hay"-cut`ter (h"kt`tr), n. A machine in which hay is chopped short, as
fodder for cattle.

Hay"field` (h"fld`), n. A field where grass for hay has been cut; a
meadow. Cowper.

Hay"fork` (h"fÙrk`), n. A fork for pitching and tedding hay.

Horse hayfork, a contrivance for unloading hay from the cart and
depositing it in the loft, or on a mow, by horse power.

Hay"loft` (h"lft`; 115), n. A loft or scaffold for hay.

Hay"mak`er (h"mk`r), n. 1. One who cuts and cures hay.

2. A machine for curing hay in rainy weather.

Hay"mak`ing, n. The operation or work of cutting grass and curing it
for hay.

Hay"mow` (h"mou`), n. 1. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for
preservation.

2. The place in a barn where hay is deposited.

Hay"rack` (h"rk`), n. A frame mounted on the running gear of a wagon,
and used in hauling hay, straw, sheaves, etc.; -- called also hay
rigging.

Hay"rake` (h"rk`), n. A rake for collecting hay; especially, a large
rake drawn by a horse or horses.

Hay"rick` (-rk`), n. A heap or pile of hay, usually covered with thatch
for preservation in the open air.

Hay"stack` (h"stk`), n. A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air.

Hay"stalk` (h"stk`), n. A stalk of hay.

Hay"thorn` (h"thÙrn`), n. Hawthorn. R. Scot.

Hay"ti*an (h"t*an), a. Of pertaining to Hayti. -- n. A native of Hayti.
[Written also Haitian.]

Hay"ward (h"wrd), n. [Hay a hedge + ward.] An officer who is appointed
to guard hedges, and to keep cattle from breaking or cropping them, and
whose further duty it is to impound animals found running at large.

Haz"ard (hz"rd), n. [F. hasard, Sp. azar an unforeseen disaster or
accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, prob. fr. Ar. zahr, zr,
a die, which, with the article al the, would give azzahr, azzr.] 1. A
game of chance played with dice. Chaucer.

2. The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a fortuitous event;
chance; accident; casualty.

    I will stand the hazard of the die.


Shak.

3. Risk; danger; peril; as, he encountered the enemy at the hazard of
his reputation and life.

    Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of
    the utmost hazard.


Rogers.

4. (Billiards) Holing a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard)
or the player's ball (losing hazard).

5. Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the stakes in gaming. "Your
latter hazard." Shak.

Hazard table, a table on which hazard is played, or any game of chance
for stakes. -- To run the hazard, to take the chance or risk.

Syn. -- Danger; risk; chance. See Danger.

Haz"ard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hazarding.] [Cf.
F. hasarder. See Hazard, n.]

1. To expose to the operation of chance; to put in danger of loss or
injury; to venture; to risk.

    Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience.


John Clarke.

    He hazards his neck to the halter.


Fuller.

2. To venture to incur, or bring on.

    I hazarded the loss of whom I loved.


Shak.

    They hazard to cut their feet.


Landor.

Syn. -- To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger.

Haz"ard (hz"rd), v. i. To try the chance; to encounter risk or danger.
Shak.

Haz"ard*a*ble (-*b'l), a. 1. Liable to hazard or chance; uncertain;
risky. Sir T. Browne.

2. Such as can be hazarded or risked.

Haz"ard*er (-r), n. 1. A player at the game of hazard; a gamester.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

2. One who hazards or ventures.

Haz"ard*ize (-z), n. A hazardous attempt or situation; hazard. [Obs.]

    Herself had run into that hazardize.


Spenser.

Haz"ard*ous (-s), a. [Cf. F. hasardeux.] Exposed to hazard; dangerous;
risky.

    To enterprise so hazardous and high!


Milton.

Syn. -- Perilous; dangerous; bold; daring; adventurous; venturesome;
precarious; uncertain.

-- Haz"ard*ous*ly, adv. -- Haz"ard*ous*ness, n.

Haz"ard*ry (-r), n. 1. Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling. [R.]
Chaucer.

2. Rashness; temerity. [R.] Spenser.

Haze (hz), n. [Cf. Icel. hˆss gray; akin to AS. hasu, heasu, gray; or
Armor. aÈzen, Èzen, warm vapor, exhalation, zephyr.] Light vapor or
smoke in the air which more or less impedes vision, with little or no
dampness; a lack of transparency in the air; hence, figuratively,
obscurity; dimness.

    O'er the sky The silvery haze of summer drawn.


Tennyson.

    Above the world's uncertain haze.


Keble.

Haze, v. i. To be hazy, or thick with haze. Ray.

Haze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazed (hzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hazing.] [Also
hase.] [Cf. Sw. haza to hamstring, fr. has hough, OD. hÊssen ham.] 1.
To harass by exacting unnecessary, disagreeable, or difficult work.

2. To harass or annoy by playing abusive or shameful tricks upon; to
humiliate by practical jokes; -- used esp. of college students; as, the
sophomores hazed a freshman.

Ha"zel (h"z'l), n. [OE. hasel, AS. hÊsel; akin to D. hazelaar, G.
hazel, OHG. hasal, hasala, Icel. hasl, Dan & Sw. hassel, L. corylus,
for cosylus.] 1. (Bot.) A shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus, as
the C. avellana, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild,
farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are C. Americana,
which produces the common hazelnut, and C. rostrata. See Filbert. Gray.

2. A miner's name for freestone. Raymond.

Hazel earth, soil suitable for the hazel; a fertile loam. -- Hazel
grouse (Zoˆl.), a European grouse (Bonasa betulina), allied to the
American ruffed grouse. -- Hazel hoe, a kind of grub hoe. -- Witch
hazel. See Witch-hazel, and Hamamelis.

Ha"zel, a. 1. Consisting of hazels, or of the wood of the hazel;
pertaining to, or derived from, the hazel; as, a hazel wand.

    I sit me down beside the hazel grove.


Keble.

2. Of a light brown color, like the hazelnut. "Thou hast hazel eyes."
Shak.

Haze"less (hz"ls), a. Destitute of haze. Tyndall.

Ha"zel*ly (h"z'l*l), a. Of the color of the hazelnut; of a light brown.
Mortimer.

Ha"zel*nut` (h"z'l*nt`), n. [AS. hÊselhnutu.] The nut of the hazel.
Shak.

Ha"zel*wort` (-wrt), n. (Bot.) The asarabacca.

Ha"zi*ly (h"z*l), adv. In a hazy manner; mistily; obscurely;
confusedly.

Ha"zi*ness, n. The quality or state of being hazy.

Ha"zle (h"z'l), v. t. To make dry; to dry. [Obs.]

Ha"zy (h"z), a. [From Haze, n.] 1. Thick with haze; somewhat obscured
with haze; not clear or transparent. "A tender, hazy brightness."
Wordsworth.

2. Obscure; confused; not clear; as, a hazy argument; a hazy intellect.
Mrs. Gore.

He (h), pron. [nom. He; poss. His (hz); obj. Him (hm); pl. nom. They
(); poss. Their or Theirs (‚rz or rz); obj. Them (m).] [AS. h, masc.,
heÛ, fem., hit, neut.; pl. h, or hie, hig; akin to OFries. hi, D. hij,
OS. he, hi, G. heute to-day, Goth. himma, dat. masc., this, hina,
accus. masc., and hita, accus. neut., and prob. to L. hic this.
&radic;183. Cf. It.] 1. The man or male being (or object personified to
which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a
pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified
subject already indicated.

    Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.


Gen. iii. 16.

    Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve.


Deut. x. 20.

2. Any one; the man or person; -- used indefinitely, and usually
followed by a relative pronoun.

    He that walketh with wise men shall be wise.


Prov. xiii. 20.

3. Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense used substantively.
Chaucer.

    I stand to answer thee, Or any he, the proudest of thy sort.


Shak.

When a collective noun or a class is referred to, he is of common
gender. In early English, he referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or
to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In
composition, he denotes a male animal; as, a he-goat.

-head (-hd), suffix. A variant of -hood.

Head (hd), n. [OE. hed, heved, heaved, AS. he·fod; akin to D. hoofd,
OHG. houbit, G. haupt, Icel. hˆfu, Sw. hufvud, Dan. hoved, Goth.
haubi˛. The word does not correspond regularly to L. caput head (cf. E.
Chief, Cadet, Capital), and its origin is unknown.] 1. The anterior or
superior part of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of
the nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief
sensory organs; poll; cephalon.

2. The uppermost, foremost, or most important part of an inanimate
object; such a part as may be considered to resemble the head of an
animal; often, also, the larger, thicker, or heavier part or extremity,
in distinction from the smaller or thinner part, or from the point or
edge; as, the head of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail, a
ship; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a hollow
vessel; as, the head of a cask or a steam boiler.

3. The place where the head should go; as, the head of a bed, of a
grave, etc.; the head of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the
head.

4. The most prominent or important member of any organized body; the
chief; the leader; as, the head of a college, a school, a church, a
state, and the like. "Their princes and heads." Robynson (More's
Utopia).

    The heads of the chief sects of philosophy.


Tillotson.

    Your head I him appoint.


Milton.

5. The place or honor, or of command; the most important or foremost
position; the front; as, the head of the table; the head of a column of
soldiers.

    An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke of Marlborough
    at the head of them.


Addison.

6. Each one among many; an individual; -- often used in a plural sense;
as, a thousand head of cattle.

    It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres for
    every head.


Graunt.

7. The seat of the intellect; the brain; the understanding; the mental
faculties; as, a good head, that is, a good mind; it never entered his
head, it did not occur to him; of his own head, of his own thought or
will.

    Men who had lost both head and heart.


Macaulay.

8. The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or river;
as, the head of the Nile; hence, the altitude of the source, or the
height of the surface, as of water, above a given place, as above an
orifice at which it issues, and the pressure resulting from the height
or from motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; as, a mill or
reservoir has a good head of water, or ten feet head; also, that part
of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet or the sea.

9. A headland; a promontory; as, Gay Head. Shak.

10. A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a theme to be expanded;
a subdivision; as, the heads of a sermon.

11. Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength; force; height.

    Ere foul sin, gathering head, shall break into corruption.


Shak.

    The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last grown to
    such a head, that it must quickly make an end of me or of itself.


Addison.

12. Power; armed force.

    My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head.


Shak.

13. A headdress; a covering of the head; as, a laced head; a head of
hair. Swift.

14. An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other small cereals.

15. (Bot.) (a) A dense cluster of flowers, as in clover, daisies,
thistles; a capitulum. (b) A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a
cabbage or a lettuce plant.

16. The antlers of a deer.

17. A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of beer or other
effervescing liquor. Mortimer.

18. pl. Tiles laid at the eaves of a house. Knight.

Head is often used adjectively or in self-explaining combinations; as,
head gear or headgear, head rest. Cf. Head, a.

A buck of the first head, a male fallow deer in its fifth year, when it
attains its complete set of antlers. Shak. -- By the head. (Naut.) See
under By. -- Elevator head, Feed head, etc. See under Elevator, Feed,
etc. -- From head to foot, through the whole length of a man;
completely; throughout. "Arm me, audacity, from head to foot." Shak. --
Head and ears, with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was
head and ears in debt or in trouble. [Colloq.] -- Head fast. (Naut.)
See 5th Fast. -- Head kidney (Anat.), the most anterior of the three
pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates; the
pronephros. -- Head money, a capitation tax; a poll tax. Milton. --
Head pence, a poll tax. [Obs.] -- Head sea, a sea that meets the head
of a vessel or rolls against her course. -- Head and shoulders. (a) By
force; violently; as, to drag one, head and shoulders. "They bring in
every figure of speech, head and shoulders." Felton. (b) By the height
of the head and shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far;
much; as, he is head and shoulders above them. -- Head or tail, this
side or that side; this thing or that; -- a phrase used in throwing a
coin to decide a choice, question, or stake, head being the side of the
coin bearing the effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no
head or face on either side, that side which has the date on it), and
tail the other side. -- Neither head nor tail, neither beginning nor
end; neither this thing nor that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a
phrase used in speaking of what is indefinite or confused; as, they
made neither head nor tail of the matter. [Colloq.] -- Head wind, a
wind that blows in a direction opposite the vessel's course. -- Out of
one's own head, according to one's own idea; without advice or
coˆperation of another. Over the head of, beyond the comprehension of.
M. Arnold. -- To be out of one's head, to be temporarily insane. -- To
come or draw to a head. See under Come, Draw. -- To give (one) the
head, or To give head, to let go, or to give up, control; to free from
restraint; to give license. "He gave his able horse the head." Shak.
"He has so long given his unruly passions their head." South. -- To his
head, before his face. "An uncivil answer from a son to a father, from
an obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an
enemy should storm his house or revile him to his head." Jer. Taylor.
-- To lay heads together, to consult; to conspire. -- To lose one's
head, to lose presence of mind. -- To make head, or To make head
against, to resist with success; to advance. -- To show one's head, to
appear. Shak. -- To turn head, to turn the face or front. "The
ravishers turn head, the fight renews." Dryden.

<! p. 677 pr=JMD !>

Head (hd), a. Principal; chief; leading; first; as, the head master of
a school; the head man of a tribe; a head chorister; a head cook.

Head (hd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Headed; p. pr. & vb. n. Heading.] 1. To
be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to
direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army, an expedition, or a
riot. Dryden.

2. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to head a
nail. Spenser.

3. To behead; to decapitate. [Obs.] Shak.

4. To cut off the top of; to lop off; as, to head trees.

5. To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as to hinder or stop;
to oppose; hence, to check or restrain; as, to head a drove of cattle;
to head a person; the wind heads a ship.

6. To set on the head; as, to head a cask.

To head off, to intercept; to get before; as, an officer heads off a
thief who is escaping. -- To head up, to close, as a cask or barrel, by
fitting a head to.

Head, v. i. 1. To originate; to spring; to have its source, as a river.

    A broad river, that heads in the great Blue Ridge.


Adair.

2. To go or point in a certain direction; to tend; as, how does the
ship head?

3. To form a head; as, this kind of cabbage heads early.

Head"ache` (hd"k`), n. Pain in the head; cephalalgia. "Headaches and
shivering fits." Macaulay.

Head"ach`y, a. Afflicted with headache. [Colloq.]

Head"band` (-bnd), n. 1. A fillet; a band for the head. "The headbands
and the tablets." Is. iii. 20.

2. The band at each end of the back of a book.

Head"board` (-brd`), n. A board or boarding which marks or forms the
head of anything; as, the headboard of a bed; the headboard of a grave.

{ Head"bor*ough Head"bor*row } (hd"br*), n. 1. The chief of a
frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of ten families; --
called also borsholder, boroughhead, boroughholder, and sometimes
tithingman. See Borsholder. [Eng.] Blackstone.

2. (Modern Law) A petty constable. [Eng.]

Head"-cheese` (-chz`), n. A dish made of portions of the head, or head
and feet, of swine, cut up fine, seasoned, and pressed into a
cheeselike mass.

Head"dress` (-drs`), n. 1. A covering or ornament for the head; a
headtire.

    Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful
    headdress, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of feathers, or a
    natural little plume.


Addison.

2. A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it, whether with or
without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc.

Head"ed, a. 1. Furnished with a head (commonly as denoting intellectual
faculties); -- used in composition; as, clear-headed, long- headed,
thick-headed; a many-headed monster.

2. Formed into a head; as, a headed cabbage.

Head"er, (-r), n. 1. One who, or that which, heads nails, rivets, etc.,
esp. a machine for heading.

2. One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob; head; chief; leader.
[R.]

3. (Arch.) (a) A brick or stone laid with its shorter face or head in
the surface of the wall. (b) In framing, the piece of timber fitted
between two trimmers, and supported by them, and carrying the ends of
the tailpieces.

4. A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads only.

5. A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a bicycle, or in
bathing; as, to take a header. [Colloq.]

{ Head`first" (hd"frst`), Head`fore"most` (-fr"mst`), } adv. With the
head foremost.

Head"fish` (hd"fsh`), n. (Zoˆl.) The sunfish (Mola).

Head" gear`, or Head"gear` (-gr`), n. 1. Headdress.

2. Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or deep well.

Head"-hunt`er (-hnt`r), n. A member of any tribe or race of savages who
have the custom of decapitating human beings and preserving their heads
as trophies. The Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head- hunters.

-- Head"-hunt`ing, n.

Head"i*ly (-*l), adv. In a heady or rash manner; hastily; rashly;
obstinately.

Head"i*ness, n. The quality of being heady.

Head"ing, n. 1. The act or state of one who, or that which, heads;
formation of a head.

2. That which stands at the head; title; as, the heading of a paper.

3. Material for the heads of casks, barrels, etc.

4. (Mining.) A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine; also, the end of a
drift or gallery; the vein above a drift.

5. (Sewing) The extension of a line ruffling above the line of stitch.

6. (Masonry) That end of a stone or brick which is presented outward.
Knight.

Heading course (Arch.), a course consisting only of headers. See
Header, n. 3 (a). -- Heading joint. (a) (Carp.) A joint, as of two or
more boards, etc., at right angles to the grain of the wood. (b)
(Masonry) A joint between two roussoirs in the same course.

Head"land (hd"lnd), n. 1. A cape; a promontory; a point of land
projecting into the sea or other expanse of water. "Sow the headland
with wheat." Shak.

2. A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of furrows, or near a
fence. Tusser.

Head"less, a. [AS. he·fodle·s.] 1. Having no head; beheaded; as, a
headless body, neck, or carcass.

2. Destitute of a chief or leader. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish; rash; obstinate.
[Obs.]

    Witless headiness in judging or headless hardiness in condemning.


Spenser.

Head"light` (hd"lt`), n. (Engin.) A light, with a powerful reflector,
placed at the head of a locomotive, or in front of it, to throw light
on the track at night, or in going through a dark tunnel.

Head"line` (-ln`), n. 1. (Print.) The line at the head or top of a
page.

2. (Naut.) See Headrope.

Head"long` (-lng`; 115), adv. [OE. hedling, hevedlynge; prob. confused
with E. long, a. & adv.]

1. With the head foremost; as, to fall headlong. Acts i. 18.

2. Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation.

3. Hastily; without delay or respite.

Head"long, a. 1. Rash; precipitate; as, headlong folly.

2. Steep; precipitous. [Poetic]

    Like a tower upon a headlong rock.


Byron.

Head"-lugged` (-lgd`), a. Lugged or dragged by the head. [R.] "The
head- lugged bear." Shak.

Head"man` (hd"mn`), n.; pl. Headmen (-mn`). [AS. he·fodman.] A head or
leading man, especially of a village community.

{ Head"mold` shot" Head"mould` shot" } (- mld` sht`). (Med.) An old
name for the condition of the skull, in which the bones ride, or are
shot, over each other at the sutures. Dunglison.

Head"most` (-mst`), a. Most advanced; most forward; as, the headmost
ship in a fleet.

Head"note` (-nt`), n. A note at the head of a page or chapter; in law
reports, an abstract of a case, showing the principles involved and the
opinion of the court.

Head"pan` (-pn`), n. [AS. he·fodpanne.] The brainpan. [Obs.]

Head"piece` (-ps`), n. 1. Head.

    In his headpiece he felt a sore pain.


Spenser.

2. A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as distinguished from the
closed helmet of the Middle Ages.

3. Understanding; mental faculty.

    Eumenes had the best headpiece of all Alexander's captains.


Prideaux.

4. An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter, or of a page.

Head"quar`ters (-kwr`trz), n. pl. [but sometimes used as a n. sing.]
The quarters or place of residence of any chief officer, as the general
in command of an army, or the head of a police force; the place from
which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center of authority
or order.

    The brain, which is the headquarters, or office, of intelligence.


Collier.

Head"race` (-rs`), n. See Race, a water course.

Head"room` (-rm`), n. (Arch.) See Headway, 2.

Head"rope` (-rp`), n. (Naut.) That part of a boltrope which is sewed to
the upper edge or head of a sail.

Head"sail` (-sl`), n. (Naut.) Any sail set forward of the foremast.
Totten.

Head`shake` (-shk`), n. A significant shake of the head, commonly as a
signal of denial. Shak.

Head"ship, n. Authority or dignity; chief place.

Heads"man (hdz"man), n.; pl. Headsmen (-men). An executioner who cuts
off heads. Dryden.

Head"spring` (hd"sprng`), n. Fountain; source.

    The headspring of our belief.


Stapleton.

Head"stall` (-stl`), n. That part of a bridle or halter which
encompasses the head. Shak.

Head"stock` (-stk`), n. (Mach.) A part (usually separate from the bed
or frame) for supporting some of the principal working parts of a
machine; as: (a) The part of a lathe that holds the revolving spindle
and its attachments; -- also called poppet head, the opposite
corresponding part being called a tailstock. (b) The part of a planing
machine that supports the cutter, etc.

Head"stone` (-stn`), n. 1. The principal stone in a foundation; the
chief or corner stone. Ps. cxviii. 22.

2. The stone at the head of a grave.

Head"strong` (-strng`; 115), a. 1. Not easily restrained; ungovernable;
obstinate; stubborn.

    Now let the headstrong boy my will control.


Dryden.

2. Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from obstinacy; as, a
headstrong course. Dryden.

Syn. -- Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; untractable; stubborn;
unruly; venturesome; heady.

Head"strong`ness, n. Obstinacy. [R.] Gayton.

Head"tire` (-tr`), n. 1. A headdress. "A headtire of fine linen." 1
Esdras iii. 6.

2. The manner of dressing the head, as at a particular time and place.

Head"way` (-w`), n. 1. The progress made by a ship in motion; hence,
progress or success of any kind.

2. (Arch.) Clear space under an arch, girder, and the like, sufficient
to allow of easy passing underneath.

Head"work` (-w˚rk`), n. Mental labor.

Head"y, (hd"), a. [From Head.] 1. Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried
on by will or passion; ungovernable.

    All the talent required is to be hot, to be heady, -- to be violent
    on one side or the other.


Sir W. Temple.

2. Apt to affect the head; intoxicating; strong.

    The liquor is too heady.


Dryden.

3. Violent; impetuous. "A heady currance." Shak.

Heal, (hl), v. t. [See Hele.] To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate,
lead, or the like. [Obs.]

Heal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Healed (hld); p. pr. & vb. n. Healing.] [OE.
helen, hÊlen, AS. hlan, fr. hl hale, sound, whole; akin to OS. hlian,
D. heelen, G. heilen, Goth. hailjan. See Whole.] 1. To make hale,
sound, or whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or other derangement; to
restore to soundness or health.

    Speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed.


Matt. viii. 8.

2. To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to cure; -- said of a
disease or a wound.

    I will heal their backsliding.


Hos. xiv. 4.

3. To restore to original purity or integrity.

    Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters.


2 Kings ii. 21.

4. To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make whole; to free from
guilt; as, to heal dissensions.

Heal (hl), v. i. To grow sound; to return to a sound state; as, the
limb heals, or the wound heals; -- sometimes with up or over; as, it
will heal up, or over.

    Those wounds heal ill that men do give themselves.


Shak.

Heal, n. [AS. hlu, hl. See Heal, v. t.] Health. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Heal"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being healed.

Heal"all` (-l`), n. (Bot.) A common herb of the Mint family (Brunella
vulgaris), destitute of active properties, but anciently thought a
panacea.

Heald (hld), n. [CF. Heddle.] A heddle. Ure.

Heal"er (hl"r), n. One who, or that which, heals.

Heal"ful (-fl), a. Tending or serving to heal; healing. [Obs.] Ecclus.
xv. 3.

Heal"ing, a. Tending to cure; soothing; mollifying; as, the healing
art; a healing salve; healing words.

    Here healing dews and balms abound.


Keble.

Heal"ing*ly, adv. So as to heal or cure.

Health (hlth), n. [OE. helthe, AS. hl˛, fr. hl hale, sound, whole. See
Whole.] 1. The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or
soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease or
pain.

    There is no health in us.


Book of Common Prayer.

    Though health may be enjoyed without gratitude, it can not be
    sported with without loss, or regained by courage.


Buckminster.

2. A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a person in a toast.
"Come, love and health to all." Shak.

Bill of health. See under Bill. -- Health lift, a machine for exercise,
so arranged that a person lifts an increasing weight, or moves a spring
of increasing tension, in such a manner that most of the muscles of the
body are brought into gradual action; -- also called lifting machine.
-- Health officer, one charged with the enforcement of the sanitary
laws of a port or other place. -- To drink a health. See under Drink.

Health"ful (-fl), a. 1. Full of health; free from illness or disease;
well; whole; sound; healthy; as, a healthful body or mind; a healthful
plant.

2. Serving to promote health of body or mind; wholesome; salubrious;
salutary; as, a healthful air, diet.

    The healthful Spirit of thy grace.


Book of Common Prayer.

3. Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from, health or
soundness; as, a healthful condition.

    A mind . . . healthful and so well- proportioned.


Macaulay.

4. Well-disposed; favorable. [R.]

    Gave healthful welcome to their shipwrecked guests.


Shak.

Health"ful*ly, adv. In health; wholesomely.

Health"ful*ness, n. The state of being healthful.

Health"i*ly (-*l), adv. In a healthy manner.

Health"i*ness, n. The state of being healthy or healthful; freedom from
disease.

Health"less, a. 1. Without health, whether of body or mind; infirm. "A
healthless or old age." Jer. Taylor.

2. Not conducive to health; unwholesome. [R.]

Health"less*ness, n. The state of being healthless.

Health"some (-sm), a. Wholesome; salubrious. [R.] "Healthsome air."
Shak.

Health"ward (-wrd), a. & adv. In the direction of health; as, a
healthward tendency.

Health"y (-), a. [Compar. Healthier (-*r); superl. Healthiest.] 1.
Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound; free from
disease; as, a healthy child; a healthy plant.

    His mind was now in a firm and healthy state.


Macaulay.

2. Evincing health; as, a healthy pulse; a healthy complexion.

3. Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthy
exercise; a healthy climate.

Syn. -- Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful; wholesome;
salutary.

Heam (hm), n. [Cf. AS. cildhamma womb, OD. hamme afterbirth, LG.
hamen.] The afterbirth or secundines of a beast.

Heap (hp), n. [OE. heep, heap, heap, multitude, AS. he·p; akin to OS.
hp, D. hoop, OHG. houf, hfo, G. haufe, haufen, Sw. hop, Dan. hob, Icel.
hpr troop, flock, Russ. kupa heap, crowd, Lith. kaupas. Cf. Hope, in
Forlorn hope.] 1. A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of
persons. [Now Low or Humorous]

    The wisdom of a heap of learned men.


Chaucer.

    A heap of vassals and slaves.


Bacon.

    He had heaps of friends.


W. Black.

2. A great number or large quantity of things not placed in a pile.
[Now Low or Humorous]

    A vast heap, both of places of scripture and quotations.


Bp. Burnet.

    I have noticed a heap of things in my life.


R. L. Stevenson.

3. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown
together so as to form an elevation; as, a heap of earth or stones.

    Huge heaps of slain around the body rise.


Dryden.

Heap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heaped (hpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Heaping.] [AS.
he·pian.] 1. To collect in great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to
accumulate; -- usually with up; as, to heap up treasures.

    Though he heap up silver as the dust.


Job. xxvii. 16.

2. To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to pile; as, to heap
stones; -- often with up; as, to heap up earth; or with on; as, to heap
on wood or coal.

<! p. 678 pr=JMD !>

3. To form or round into a heap, as in measuring; to fill (a measure)
more than even full.

Heap"er (hp"r), n. One who heaps, piles, or amasses.

Heap"y (-), a. Lying in heaps. Gay.

Hear (hr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heard (hrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearing.]
[OE. heren, AS,. hiÈran, hran, hran; akin to OS. hrian, OFries. hera,
hora, D. hooren, OHG. hren, G. hˆren, Icel. heyra, Sw. hˆra, Dan. hore,
Goth. hausjan, and perh. to Gr. 'akoy`ein, E. acoustic. Cf. Hark,
Hearken.] 1. To perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of
by the ear; as, to hear sounds; to hear a voice; to hear one call.

    Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst hear the
    tread of travelers.


Shak.

    He had been heard to utter an ominous growl.


Macaulay.

2. To give audience or attention to; to listen to; to heed; to accept
the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to examine; to try in a judicial
court; as, to hear a recitation; to hear a class; the case will be
heard to- morrow.

3. To attend, or be present at, as hearer or worshiper; as, to hear a
concert; to hear Mass.

4. To give attention to as a teacher or judge.

    Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of the
    king to hear thee.


2 Sam. xv. 3.

    I beseech your honor to hear me one single word.


Shak.

5. To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen to and answer
favorably; to favor.

    I love the Lord, because he hath heard my voice.


Ps. cxvi. 1.

    They think that they shall be heard for their much speaking.


Matt. vi. 7.

Hear him. See Remark, under Hear, v. i. -- To hear a bird sing, to
receive private communication. [Colloq.] Shak. -- To hear say, to hear
one say; to learn by common report; to receive by rumor. [Colloq.]

Hear, v. i. 1. To have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. "The
hearing ear." Prov. xx. 12.

2. To use the power of perceiving sound; to perceive or apprehend by
the ear; to attend; to listen.

    So spake our mother Eve, and Adam heard, Well pleased, but answered
    not.


Milton.

3. To be informed by oral communication; to be told; to receive
information by report or by letter.

    I have heard, sir, of such a man.


Shak.

    I must hear from thee every day in the hour.


Shak.

To hear ill, to be blamed. [Obs.]

    Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he heard ill
    for his temporizing and slow proceedings.


Holland.

-- To hear well, to be praised. [Obs.]

Hear, or Hear him, is often used in the imperative, especially in the
course of a speech in English assemblies, to call attention to the
words of the speaker.

    Hear him, . . . a cry indicative, according to the tone, of
    admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision.


Macaulay.

Heard (hrd), imp. & p. p. of Hear.

Hear"er (hr"r), n. One who hears; an auditor.

Hear"ing, n. 1. The act or power of perceiving sound; perception of
sound; the faculty or sense by which sound is perceived; as, my hearing
is good.

    I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear.


Job xlii. 5.

Hearing in a special sensation, produced by stimulation of the auditory
nerve; the stimulus (waves of sound) acting not directly on the nerve,
but through the medium of the endolymph on the delicate epithelium
cells, constituting the peripheral terminations of the nerve. See Ear.

2. Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard; audience;
as, I could not obtain a hearing.

3. A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake of adjudication; a
session of a court for considering proofs and determining issues.

    His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing.


Shak.

    Another hearing before some other court.


Dryden.

Hearing, as applied to equity cases, means the same thing that the word
trial does at law. Abbot.

4. Extent within which sound may be heard; sound; earshot. "She's not
within hearing." Shak.

    They laid him by the pleasant shore, And in the hearing of the
    wave.


Tennyson.

Heark"en (h‰rk"'n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hearkened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hearkening.] [OE. hercnen, hercnien, AS. hercnian, heorcnian, fr.
hiÈran, hran, to hear; akin to OD. harcken, horcken, LG. harken,
horken, G. horchen. See Hear, and cf. Hark.] 1. To listen; to lend the
ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give heed; to hear, in order to
obey or comply.

    The Furies hearken, and their snakes uncurl.


Dryden.

    Hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which
    I teach you.


Deut. iv. 1.

2. To inquire; to seek information. [Obs.] "Hearken after their
offense." Shak.

Syn. -- To attend; listen; hear; heed. See Attend, v. i.

Heark"en, v. t. 1. To hear by listening. [Archaic]

    [She] hearkened now and then Some little whispering and soft
    groaning sound.


Spenser.

2. To give heed to; to hear attentively. [Archaic]

    The King of Naples . . . hearkens my brother's suit.


Shak.

To hearken out, to search out. [Obs.]

    If you find none, you must hearken out a vein and buy.


B. Johnson.

Heark"en*er (-r), n. One who hearkens; a listener.

Hear"sal (hr"sal), n. Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hear"say` (hr"s`), n. Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard
from another.

    Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our
    great national poet originated in frivolous hearsays of his life
    and conversation.


Prof. Wilson.

Hearsay evidence (Law), that species of testimony which consists in a
narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with a
few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony. Abbott.

Hearse (hrs), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hind in the second year of its
age. [Eng.] Wright.

Hearse (hrs), n. [See Herse.] 1. A framework of wood or metal placed
over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall;
also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church,
under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.]
Oxf. Gloss.

2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument. [Archaic] "Underneath
this marble hearse." B. Johnson.

    Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows.


Fairfax

    Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse.


Longfellow.

3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave. [Obs.]

    Set down, set down your honorable load, It honor may be shrouded in
    a hearse.


Shak.

4. A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the
grave.

Hearse, v. t. To inclose in a hearse; to entomb. [Obs.] "Would she were
hearsed at my foot." Shak.

Hearse"cloth` (-klth`; 115), n. A cloth for covering a coffin when on a
bier; a pall. Bp. Sanderson.

Hearse"like` (-lk`), a. Suitable to a funeral.

    If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many hearselike
    airs as carols.


Bacon.

Heart (h‰rt), n. [OE. harte, herte, heorte, AS. heorte; akin to OS.
herta, OFies. hirte, D. hart, OHG. herza, G. herz, Icel. hjarta, Sw.
hjerta, Goth. haÌrt, Lith. szirdis, Russ. serdtse, Ir. cridhe, L. cor,
Gr. kardi`a, kh^r &radic;227. Cf. Accord, Discord, Cordial, 4th Core,
Courage.] 1. (Anat.) A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting
rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

    Why does my blood thus muster to my heart!


Shak.

In adult mammals and birds, the heart is four-chambered, the right
auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left auricle
and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systemic veins to the right
auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the
lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left
ventricle, from which it is driven into the systemic arteries. See
Illust. under Aorta. In fishes there are but one auricle and one
ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle through the gills
to the system, and thence returned to the auricle. In most amphibians
and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is partial or complete,
and in reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less
completely. The so- called lymph hearts, found in many amphibians,
reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump the lymph into
the veins.

2. The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or
separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely,
the seat of the understanding or will; -- usually in a good sense, when
no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our nature; the
spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral life and
character; the moral affections and character itself; the individual
disposition and character; as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or
selfish heart.

    Hearts are dust, hearts' loves remain.


Emerson.

3. The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within;
the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source of
life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion; the
center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; as, the heart
of a country, of a tree, etc.

    Exploits done in the heart of France.


Shak.

    Peace subsisting at the heart Of endless agitation.


Wordsworth.

4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit.

    Eve, recovering heart, replied.


Milton.

    The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly from one country
    invade another.


Sir W. Temple.

5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production;
condition of the soil, whether good or bad.

    That the spent earth may gather heart again.


Dryden.

6. That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or
oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the
other a corresponding indentation, -- used as a symbol or
representative of the heart.

7. One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or
figures of a heart; as, hearts are trumps.

8. Vital part; secret meaning; real intention.

    And then show you the heart of my message.


Shak.

9. A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address. "I speak to
thee, my heart." Shak.

Heart is used in many compounds, the most of which need no special
explanation; as, heart-appalling, heart-breaking, heart-cheering,
heart-chilled, heart-expanding, heart-free, heart-hardened,
heart-heavy, heart-purifying, heart-searching, heart-sickening,
heart-sinking, heart-sore, heart-stirring, heart-touching,
heart-wearing, heart-whole, heart-wounding, heart-wringing, etc.

After one's own heart, conforming with one's inmost approval and
desire; as, a friend after my own heart.

    The Lord hath sought him a man after his own heart.


1 Sam. xiii. 14.

-- At heart, in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom; really;
as, he is at heart a good man. -- By heart, in the closest or most
thorough manner; as, to know or learn by heart. "Composing songs, for
fools to get by heart" (that is, to commit to memory, or to learn
thoroughly). Pope. -- For my heart, for my life; if my life were at
stake. [Obs.] "I could not get him for my heart to do it." Shak. --
Heart bond (Masonry), a bond in which no header stone stretches across
the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint is
covered by another stone laid header fashion. Knight. -- Heart and
hand, with enthusiastic coˆperation. -- Heart hardness, hardness of
heart; callousness of feeling; moral insensibility. Shak. -- Heart
heaviness, depression of spirits. Shak. -- Heart point (Her.), the fess
point. See Escutcheon. -- Heart rising, a rising of the heart, as in
opposition. -- Heart shell (Zoˆl.), any marine, bivalve shell of the
genus Cardium and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the
European Isocardia cor; -- called also heart cockle. -- Heart sickness,
extreme depression of spirits. -- Heart and soul, with the utmost
earnestness. -- Heart urchin (Zoˆl.), any heartshaped, spatangoid sea
urchin. See Spatangoid. -- Heart wheel, a form of cam, shaped like a
heart. See Cam. -- In good heart, in good courage; in good hope. -- Out
of heart, discouraged. -- Poor heart, an exclamation of pity. -- To
break the heart of. (a) To bring to despair or hopeless grief; to cause
to be utterly cast down by sorrow. (b) To bring almost to completion;
to finish very nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has
broken the heart of the task. -- To find in the heart, to be willing or
disposed. "I could find in my heart to ask your pardon." Sir P. Sidney.
-- To have at heart, to desire (anything) earnestly. -- To have in the
heart, to purpose; to design or intend to do. -- To have the heart in
the mouth, to be much frightened. -- To lose heart, to become
discouraged. -- To lose one's heart, to fall in love. -- To set the
heart at rest, to put one's self at ease. -- To set the heart upon, to
fix the desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of. -- To
take heart of grace, to take courage. -- To take to heart, to grieve
over. -- To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to expose one's
feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive. - - With all one's
heart, With one's whole heart, very earnestly; fully; completely;
devotedly.

Heart (h‰rt), v. t. To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to
inspirit. [Obs.]

    My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason.


Shak.

Heart, v. i. To form a compact center or heart; as, a hearting cabbage.

Heart"ache` (-k`), n. [Cf. AS. heortece.] Sorrow; anguish of mind;
mental pang. Shak.

Heart"break` (-brk`), n. Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such
grief. Shak.

Heart"break`ing, a. Causing overpowering sorrow.

Heart"bro`ken (-br`k'n), a. Overcome by crushing sorrow; deeply
grieved.

Heart"burn` (-b˚rn`), n. (Med.) An uneasy, burning sensation in the
stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is sometimes
idiopathic, but is often a symptom of other complaints.

Heart"burned` (-b˚rnd`), a. Having heartburn. Shak.

Heart"burn`ing (-b˚rn`ng), a. Causing discontent.

Heart"burn`ing, n. 1. (Med.) Same as Heartburn.

2. Discontent; secret enmity. Swift.

    The transaction did not fail to leave heartburnings.


Palfrey.

Heart"dear` (-dr`), a. Sincerely beloved. [R.] Shak.

Heart"deep` (-dp`), a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert.

Heart"-eat`ing (-t`ng), a. Preying on the heart.

Heart"ed, a. 1. Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the
seat of the affections, disposition, or character).

2. Shaped like a heart; cordate. [R.] Landor.

3. Seated or laid up in the heart.

    I hate the Moor: my cause is hearted.


Shak.

This word is chiefly used in composition; as, hard- hearted,
faint-hearted, kind-hearted, lion- hearted, stout-hearted, etc. Hence
the nouns hard- heartedness, faint-heartedness, etc.

Heart"ed*ness, n. Earnestness; sincerity; heartiness. [R.] Clarendon.

See also the Note under Hearted. The analysis of the compounds gives
hard-hearted + -ness, rather than hard + heartedness, etc.

Heart"en (h‰rt"'n), v. t. [From Heart.] 1. To encourage; to animate; to
incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden.

    Hearten those that fight in your defense.


Shak.

2. To restore fertility or strength to, as to land.

Heart"en*er (-r), n. One who, or that which, heartens, animates, or
stirs up. W. Browne.

Heart"felt` (-flt`), a. Hearty; sincere.

Heart"grief` (-grf`), n. Heartache; sorrow. Milton.

Hearth (h‰rth), n. [OE. harthe, herth, herthe, AS. heor; akin to D.
haard, heerd, Sw. h‰rd, G. herd; cf. Goth. ha˙ri a coal, Icel. hyrr
embers, and L. cremare to burn.] 1. The pavement or floor of brick,
stone, or metal in a chimney, on which a fire is made; the floor of a
fireplace; also, a corresponding part of a stove.

    There was a fire on the hearth burning before him.


Jer. xxxvi. 22.

    Where fires thou find'st unraked and hearths unswept. There pinch
    the maids as blue as bilberry.


Shak.

2. The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its inmates and of
hospitality to strangers; fireside.

    Household talk and phrases of the hearth.


Tennyson.

3. (Metal. & Manuf.) The floor of a furnace, on which the material to
be heated lies, or the lowest part of a melting furnace, into which the
melted material settles.

Hearth ends (Metal.), fragments of lead ore ejected from the furnace by
the blast. -- Hearth money, Hearth penny [AS. heorpening], a tax
formerly laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying
the church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; -- called also
chimney money, etc.

    He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them from
    the . . . burden of the hearth money.


Macaulay.

Hearth"stone` (-stn`), n. Stone forming the hearth; hence, the
fireside; home.

    Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot
    grave to every living heart and hearthstone.


A. Lincoln.

Heart"i*ly (h‰rt"*l), adv. [From Hearty.] 1. From the heart; with all
the heart; with sincerity.

    I heartily forgive them.


Shak.

2. With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly; cordially; as, he
heartily assisted the prince.

To eat heartily, to eat freely and with relish. Addison.

Syn. -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously; actively; warmly;
eagerly; ardently; earnestly.

<! p. 679 pr=JMD !>

Heart"i*ness (h‰rt"*ns), n. The quality of being hearty; as, the
heartiness of a greeting.

Heart"less, a. 1. Without a heart.

    You have left me heartless; mine is in your bosom.


J. Webster.

2. Destitute of courage; spiritless; despondent.

    Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their ground.


Dryden.

    Heartless and melancholy.


W. Irwing.

3. Destitute of feeling or affection; unsympathetic; cruel. "The
heartless parasites." Byron.

-- Heart"less*ly, adv. -- Heart"less*ness, n.

Heart"let (-lt), n. A little heart.

Heart"lings (-lngz), interj. An exclamation used in addressing a
familiar acquaintance. [Obs.] Shak.

Heart"pea` (-p`), n. (Bot.) Same as Heartseed.

Heart"quake` (-kwk`), n. Trembling of the heart; trepidation; fear.

    In many an hour of danger and heartquake.


Hawthorne.

Heart"rend`ing (-rnd`ng), a. Causing intense grief; overpowering with
anguish; very distressing.

Heart"-rob`bing (-rb`bng), a. 1. Depriving of thought; ecstatic.
"Heart-robbing gladness." Spenser.

2. Stealing the heart or affections; winning.

Heart's"-ease` (h‰rts"z`), n. 1. Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity
of mind or feeling. Shak.

2. (Bot.) A species of violet (Viola tricolor); -- called also pansy.

Heart"seed` (h‰rt"sd`), n. (Bot.) A climbing plant of the genus
Cardiospermum, having round seeds which are marked with a spot like a
heart. Loudon.

Heart"shaped` (-shpt`), a. Having the shape of a heart; cordate.

Heart"sick` (-sk`), a. [AS. heortseÛc.] Sick at heart; extremely
depressed in spirits; very despondent.

Heart"some (-sm), a. Merry; cheerful; lively. [Scot.]

Heart"-spoon` (-spn`), n. A part of the breastbone. [Obs.]

    He feeleth through the herte-spon the pricke.


Chaucer.

Heart"strick`en (-strk`'n), a. Shocked; dismayed.

Heart"strike` (-strk`), v. t. To affect at heart; to shock. [R.] "They
seek to heartstrike us." B. Jonson.

Heart"string` (-strng`), n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and
sustain the heart. Shak.

    Sobbing, as if a heartstring broke.


Moore.

Heart"struck` (-strk`), a. 1. Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind.
"His heartstruck injuries." Shak.

2. Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken.
Milton.

Heart"swell`ing (-swl`ng), a. Rankling in, or swelling, the heart.
"Heartswelling hate." Spenser.

Heart"-whole` (-hl`), a. [See Whole.] 1. Having the heart or affections
free; not in love. Shak.

2. With unbroken courage; undismayed.

3. Of a single and sincere heart.

    If he keeps heart-whole towards his Master.


Bunyan.

Heart"wood` (-wd`), n. The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree,
consisting of the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color
from the outer layers. It is technically known as duramen, and
distinguished from the softer sapwood or alburnum.

Heart"-wound`ed (h‰rt"wnd`d or - wound`d), a. Wounded to the heart with
love or grief. Pope.

Heart"y (h‰rt"), a. [Compar. Heartier (-*r); superl. Heartiest.] 1.
Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold;
zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a hearty
welcome; hearty in supporting the government.

    Full of hearty tears For our good father's loss.


Marston.

2. Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a hearty
man; hearty timber.

3. Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, hearty food; a
hearty meal.

Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm;
zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous. -- Hearty, Cordial, Sincere.
Hearty implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and manners; cordial
refers to the warmth and liveliness with which the feelings are
expressed; sincere implies that this expression corresponds to the real
sentiments of the heart. A man should be hearty in his attachment to
his friends, cordial in his reception of them to his house, and sincere
in his offers to assist them.

Heart"y, n.; pl. Hearties (-z). Comrade; boon companion; good fellow;
-- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors. Dickens.

Heart"y*hale` (-hl`), a. Good for the heart. [Obs.]

Heat (ht), n. [OE. hete, hÊte, AS. htu, hto, fr. ht hot; akin to OHG.
heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See Hot.] 1. A force in nature which
is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of
fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's
rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly
known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode
of motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or
vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable
fluid, to which was given the name caloric.

As affecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which
are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold,
etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal
temperature of the body.

2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when
excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily
feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the
reverse of cold.

3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold;
as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body
in fever, etc.

    Else how had the world . . . Avoided pinching cold and scorching
    heat!


Milton.

4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a
body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree
of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by
appearance, condition, or otherwise.

    It has raised . . . heats in their faces.


Addison.

    The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red heat, a
    white-flame heat, and a sparkling or welding heat.


Moxon.

5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a
furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats.

6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in
a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out
of three.

    Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats.


Dryden.

    [He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "Tam o' Shanter."


J. C. Shairp.

7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party.
"The heat of their division." Shak.

8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation. "The
heat and hurry of his rage." South.

9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.

    With all the strength and heat of eloquence.


Addison.

10. Sexual excitement in animals.

11. Fermentation.

Animal heat, Blood heat, Capacity for heat, etc. See under Animal,
Blood, etc. -- Atomic heat (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying
the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat
of all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4.
-- Dynamical theory of heat, that theory of heat which assumes it to
be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the
ultimate particles of matter. Heat engine, any apparatus by which a
heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving
motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine. -- Heat
producers. (Physiol.) See under Food. -- Heat rays, a term formerly
applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or
beyond the visible spectrum. -- Heat weight (Mech.), the product of any
quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the
absolute temperature; -- called also thermodynamic function, and
entropy. -- Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under Equivalent. --
Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the number of units
of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the
substance at that temperature one degree. -- Unit of heat, the quantity
of heat required to raise, by one degree, the temperature of a unit
mass of water, initially at a certain standard temperature. The
temperature usually employed is that of 0∞ Centigrade, or 32∞
Fahrenheit.

Heat (ht), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heated; p. pr. & vb. n. Heating.] [OE.
heten, AS. htan, fr. ht hot. See Hot.] 1. To make hot; to communicate
heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to heat an oven or furnace, an
iron, or the like.

    Heat me these irons hot.


Shak.

2. To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.

    Pray, walk softly; do not heat your blood.


Shak.

3. To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to
inflame, as the passions.

    A noble emulation heats your breast.


Dryden.

Heat, v. i. 1. To grow warm or hot by the action of fire or friction,
etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats
slowly.

2. To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by
chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the
dunghill.

Heat (ht), imp. & p. p. of Heat. Heated; as, the iron though heat red-
hot. [Obs. or Archaic] Shak.

Heat"er (ht"r), n. 1. One who, or that which, heats.

2. Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace, stove, or other heated
body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat to something, or to contain
something to be heated.

Feed heater. See under Feed.

Heath (hth), n. [OE. heth waste land, the plant heath, AS. h; akin to
D. & G. heide, Icel. heir waste land, Dan. hede, Sw. hed, Goth. hai˛i
field, L. bucetum a cow pasture; cf. W. coed a wood, Skr. kshtra field.
&radic;20.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A low shrub (Erica, or Calluna, vulgaris),
with minute evergreen leaves, and handsome clusters of pink flowers. It
is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for
heating ovens. It is also called heather, and ling. (b) Also, any
species of the genus Erica, of which several are European, and many
more are South African, some of great beauty. See Illust. of Heather.

2. A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless tract of country
overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage.

    Their stately growth, though bare, Stands on the blasted heath.


Milton

Heath cock (Zoˆl.), the blackcock. See Heath grouse (below). -- Heath
grass (Bot.), a kind of perennial grass, of the genus Triodia (T.
decumbens), growing on dry heaths. -- Heath grouse, or Heath game
(Zoˆl.), a European grouse (Tetrao tetrix), which inhabits heaths; --
called also black game, black grouse, heath poult, heath fowl, moor
fowl. The male is called heath cock, and blackcock; the female, heath
hen, and gray hen. -- Heath hen. (Zoˆl.) See Heath grouse (above). --
Heath pea (Bot.), a species of bitter vetch (Lathyrus macrorhizus), the
tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor whisky.
-- Heath throstle (Zoˆl.), a European thrush which frequents heaths;
the ring ouzel.

Heath"clad` (-kld`), a. Clad or crowned with heath.

Hea"then (h"'n; 277), n.; pl. Heathens (-'nz) or collectively Heathen.
[OE. hethen, AS. hen, prop. an adj. fr. h heath, and orig.,
therefore, one who lives in the country or on the heaths and in the
woods (cf. pagan, fr. pagus village); akin to OS. hin, adj., D. heiden
a heathen, G. heide, OHG. heidan, Icel. heiinn, adj., Sw. heden, Goth.
hai˛n, n. fem. See Heath, and cf. Hoiden.] 1. An individual of the
pagan or unbelieving nations, or those which worship idols and do not
acknowledge the true God; a pagan; an idolater.

2. An irreligious person.

    If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and they
    may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted heathens.


V. Knox.

The heathen, as the term is used in the Scriptures, all people except
the Jews; now used of all people except Christians, Jews, and
Mohammedans.

    Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance.


Ps. ii. 8.

Syn. -- Pagan; gentile. See Pagan.

Hea"then (h"'n), a. 1. Gentile; pagan; as, a heathen author. "The
heathen philosopher." "All in gold, like heathen gods." Shak.

2. Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish.

3. Irreligious; scoffing.

Hea"then*dom (-dm), n. [AS. hendm.] 1. That part of the world where
heathenism prevails; the heathen nations, considered collectively.

2. Heathenism. C. Kingsley.

Hea"then*esse (-s), n. [AS. hennes, i. e., heathenness.] Heathendom.
[Obs.] Chaucer. Sir W. Scott.

Hea"then*ish, a. [AS. henisc.] 1. Of or pertaining to the heathen;
resembling or characteristic of heathens. "Worse than heathenish
crimes." Milton.

2. Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel. South.

3. Irreligious; as, a heathenish way of living.

Hea"then*ish*ly, adv. In a heathenish manner.

Hea"then*ish*ness, n. The state or quality of being heathenish. "The .
. . heathenishness and profaneness of most playbooks." Prynne.

Hea"then*ism (-z'm), n. 1. The religious system or rites of a heathen
nation; idolatry; paganism.

2. The manners or morals usually prevalent in a heathen country;
ignorance; rudeness; barbarism.

Hea"then*ize (-z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heathenized (-zd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Heathenizing (- `zng).] To render heathen or heathenish. Firmin.

Hea"then*ness, n. [Cf. Heathenesse.] State of being heathen or like the
heathen.

Hea"then*ry (-r), n. 1. The state, quality, or character of the
heathen.

    Your heathenry and your laziness.


C. Kingsley.

2. Heathendom; heathen nations.

Heath"er (h"r; 277. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland), n.
[See Heath.] Heath. [Scot.]

    Gorse and grass And heather, where his footsteps pass, The brighter
    seem.


Longfellow.

Heather bell (Bot.), one of the pretty subglobose flowers of two
European kinds of heather (Erica Tetralix, and E. cinerea).

Heath"er*y (-), a. Heathy; abounding in heather; of the nature of
heath.

Heath"y (hth"), a. Full of heath; abounding with heath; as, heathy
land; heathy hills. Sir W. Scott.

Heat"ing (ht"ng), a. That heats or imparts heat; promoting warmth or
heat; exciting action; stimulating; as, heating medicines or
applications.

Heating surface (Steam Boilers), the aggregate surface exposed to fire
or to the heated products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or
sheets that are exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called
also fire surface.

Heat"ing*ly, adv. In a heating manner; so as to make or become hot or
heated.

Heat"less, a. Destitute of heat; cold. Beau. & Fl.

Heave (hv), v. t. [imp. Heaved (hvd), or Hove (hv); p. p. Heaved, Hove,
formerly Hoven (h"v'n); p. pr. & vb. n. Heaving.] [OE. heven, hebben,
AS. hebban; akin to OS. hebbian, D. heffen, OHG. heffan, hevan, G.
heben, Icel. hefja, Sw. h‰fva, Dan. hÊve, Goth. hafjan, L. capere to
take, seize; cf. Gr. kw`ph handle. Cf. Accept, Behoof, Capacious,
Forceps, Haft, Receipt.] 1. To cause to move upward or onward by a
lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; -- often with up; as, the
wave heaved the boat on land.

    One heaved ahigh, to be hurled down below.


Shak.

Heave, as now used, implies that the thing raised is heavy or hard to
move; but formerly it was used in a less restricted sense.

    Here a little child I stand, Heaving up my either hand.


Herrick.

2. To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or colloquial, except in
certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the lead; to heave the log.

3. To force from, or into, any position; to cause to move; also, to
throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the
ship ahead.

4. To raise or force from the breast; to utter with effort; as, to
heave a sigh.

    The wretched animal heaved forth such groans.


Shak.

5. To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or bosom.

    The glittering, finny swarms That heave our friths, and crowd upon
    our shores.


Thomson.

To heave a cable short (Naut.), to haul in cable till the ship is
almost perpendicularly above the anchor. -- To heave a ship ahead
(Naut.), to warp her ahead when not under sail, as by means of cables.
-- To heave a ship down (Naut.), to throw or lay her down on one side;
to careen her. -- To heave a ship to (Naut.), to bring the ship's head
to the wind, and stop her motion. - - To heave about (Naut.), to put
about suddenly. -- To heave in (Naut.), to shorten (cable). -- To heave
in stays (Naut.), to put a vessel on the other tack. -- To heave out a
sail (Naut.), to unfurl it. -- To heave taut (Naut.), to turn a
capstan, etc., till the rope becomes strained. See Taut, and Tight. --
To heave the lead (Naut.), to take soundings with lead and line. -- To
heave the log. (Naut.) See Log. -- To heave up anchor (Naut.), to raise
it from the bottom of the sea or elsewhere.

<! p. 680 !>

Heave (hv), v. i. 1. To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a
tower or mound.

    And the huge columns heave into the sky.


Pope.

    Where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap.


Gray.

    The heaving sods of Bunker Hill.


E. Everett.

2. To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy
breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the
earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand; to
distend; hence, to labor; to struggle.

    Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves.


Prior.

    The heaving plain of ocean.


Byron.

3. To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do
something difficult.

    The Church of England had struggled and heaved at a reformation
    ever since Wyclif's days.


Atterbury.

4. To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to vomit.

To heave at. (a) To make an effort at. (b) To attack, to oppose. [Obs.]
Fuller. -- To heave in sight (as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to
appear. -- To heave up, to vomit. [Low]

Heave, n. 1. An effort to raise something, as a weight, or one's self,
or to move something heavy.

    After many strains and heaves He got up to his saddle eaves.


Hudibras.

2. An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast
in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake,
and the like.

    There's matter in these sighs, these profound heaves, You must
    translate.


Shak.

    None could guess whether the next heave of the earthquake would
    settle . . . or swallow them.


Dryden.

3. (Geol.) A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at
an intersection with another lode.

Heav"en (hv"'n), n. [OE. heven, hefen, heofen, AS. heofon; akin to OS.
hevan, LG. heben, heven, Icel. hifinn; of uncertain origin, cf. D.
hemel, G. himmel, Icel. himmin, Goth. himins; perh. akin to, or
influenced by, the root of E. heave, or from a root signifying to
cover, cf. Goth. gahamn to put on, clothe one's self, G. hemd shirt,
and perh. E. chemise.] 1. The expanse of space surrounding the earth;
esp., that which seems to be over the earth like a great arch or dome;
the firmament; the sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars
appear; -- often used in the plural in this sense.

    I never saw the heavens so dim by day.


Shak.

    When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in
    heaven.


D. Webster.

2. The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of bliss; the place or
state of the blessed after death.

    Unto the God of love, high heaven's King.


Spenser.

    It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell.


Shak.

    New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven.


Keble.

In this general sense heaven and its corresponding words in other
languages have as various definite interpretations as there are phases
of religious belief.

3. The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed,
collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as in No. 2.

    Her prayers, whom Heaven delights to hear.


Shak.

    The will And high permission of all-ruling Heaven.


Milton.

4. Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort; perfect felicity;
bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; as, a heaven of delight. "A
heaven of beauty." Shak. "The brightest heaven of invention." Shak.

    O bed! bed! delicious bed! That heaven upon earth to the weary
    head!


Hood.

Heaven is very often used, esp. with participles, in forming compound
words, most of which need no special explanation; as, heaven-appeasing,
heaven-aspiring, heaven- begot, heaven-born, heaven-bred, heaven-
conducted, heaven-descended, heaven-directed, heaven-exalted,
heaven-given, heaven-guided, heaven-inflicted, heaven-inspired, heaven-
instructed, heaven-kissing, heaven-loved, heaven-moving,
heaven-protected, heaven-taught, heaven-warring, and the like.

Heav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heavened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heavening.]
To place in happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify. [R.]

    We are happy as the bird whose nest Is heavened in the hush of
    purple hills.


G. Massey.

Heav"en*ize (hv"'n*z), v. t. To render like heaven or fit for heaven.
[R.] Bp. Hall.

Heav"en*li*ness (?), n. [From Heavenly.] The state or quality of being
heavenly. Sir J. Davies.

Heav"en*ly, a. [AS. heofonic.] 1. Pertaining to, resembling, or
inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; as, heavenly regions;
heavenly music.

    As is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly.


1 Cor. xv. 48.

2. Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness; perfect; pure;
supremely blessed; as, a heavenly race; the heavenly, throng.

    The love of heaven makes one heavenly.


Sir P. Sidney.

Heav"en*ly, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that of heaven. "She was
heavenly true." Shak.

2. By the influence or agency of heaven.

    Out heavenly guided soul shall climb.


Milton.

Heav"en*ly-mind`ed (?), a. Having the thoughts and affections placed
on, or suitable for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious.
Milner. -- Heav"en*ly-mind`ed*ness, n.

Heav"en*ward (?), a & adv. Toward heaven.

Heave" of`fer*ing (?). (Jewish Antiq.) An offering or oblation heaved
up or elevated before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering.
See Wave offering. Ex. xxix. 27.

Heav"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer
employed on docks in handling freight; as, a coal heaver.

2. (Naut.) A bar used as a lever. Totten.

Heaves (?), n. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult
breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a
peculiar cough; broken wind.

Heav"i*ly (?), adv. [From 2d Heavy.] 1. In a heavy manner; with great
weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be heavily loaded.

    Heavily interested in those schemes of emigration.


The Century.

2. As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with
difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner;
sorrowfully.

    And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily.


Ex. xiv. 25.

    Why looks your grace so heavily to- day?


Shak.

heavily-traveled, heavily traveled adj. subject to much traffic or
travel; as, the region's most heavily traveled highways. Syn. --
heavily traveled. [WordNet 1.5]

Heav"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being heavy in its various
senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness.

Heav"ing (?), n. A lifting or rising; a swell; a panting or deep
sighing. Addison. Shak.

Heav"i*some (?), a. Heavy; dull. [Prov.]

Heav"y (?), a. Having the heaves.

Heav"y (?), a. [Compar. Heavier (?); superl. Heaviest.] [OE. hevi, AS.
hefig, fr. hebban to lift, heave; akin to OHG. hebig, hevig, Icel.
hˆfigr, hˆfugr. See Heave.] 1. Heaved or lifted with labor; not light;
weighty; ponderous; as, a heavy stone; hence, sometimes, large in
extent, quantity, or effects; as, a heavy fall of rain or snow; a heavy
failure; heavy business transactions, etc.; often implying strength;
as, a heavy barrier; also, difficult to move; as, a heavy draught.

2. Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure or
accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as, heavy yokes, expenses,
undertakings, trials, news, etc.

    The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod.


1 Sam. v. 6.

    The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to make.


Shak.

    Sent hither to impart the heavy news.


Wordsworth.

    Trust him not in matter of heavy consequence.


Shak.

3. Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened; bowed down,
either with an actual burden, or with care, grief, pain,
disappointment.

    The heavy [sorrowing] nobles all in council were.


Chapman.

    A light wife doth make a heavy husband.


Shak.

4. Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate, stupid; as,
a heavy gait, looks, manners, style, and the like; a heavy writer or
book.

    Whilst the heavy plowman snores.


Shak.

    Of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind.


Dryden.

    Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it can not hear.


Is. lix. 1.

5. Strong; violent; forcible; as, a heavy sea, storm, cannonade, and
the like.

6. Loud; deep; -- said of sound; as, heavy thunder.

    But, hark! that heavy sound breaks in once more.


Byron.

7. Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; -- said of the sky.

8. Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of earth; as, a heavy road,
soil, and the like.

9. Not raised or made light; as, heavy bread.

10. Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not easily
digested; -- said of food.

11. Having much body or strength; -- said of wines, or other liquors.

12. With child; pregnant. [R.]

Heavy artillery. (Mil.) (a) Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp.
siege, garrison, and seacoast guns. (b) Troops which serve heavy guns.
-- Heavy cavalry. See under Cavalry. -- Heavy fire (Mil.), a continuous
or destructive cannonading, or discharge of small arms. -- Heavy metal
(Mil.), large guns carrying balls of a large size; also, large balls
for such guns. -- Heavy metals. (Chem.) See under Metal. -- Heavy
weight, in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of
the classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. Feather weight (c),
under Feather.

Heavy is used in composition to form many words which need no special
explanation; as, heavy-built, heavy-browed, heavy-gaited, etc.

Heav"y, adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in composition; as,
heavy-laden.

Heav"y, v. t. To make heavy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Heav"y-armed` (?), a. (Mil.) Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying
heavy arms.

Heav"y-had"ed (?), a. Clumsy; awkward.

Heav"y-head"ed (?), a. Dull; stupid. "Gross heavy-headed fellows."
Beau. & Fl.

Heav"y spar` (?). (Min.) Native barium sulphate or barite, -- so called
because of its high specific gravity as compared with other
non-metallic minerals.

Heb"do*mad (?), n. [L. hebdomas, -adis, Gr. "ebdoma`s the number seven
days, fr. &?; seventh, &?; seven. See Seven.] A week; a period of seven
days. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

{ Heb*dom"a*dal (?), Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), } a. [L. hebdomadalis, LL.
hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadaire.] Consisting of seven days, or
occurring at intervals of seven days; weekly.

Heb*dom"a*dal*ly (?), adv. In periods of seven days; weekly. Lowell.

Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), n. [LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadier.] (R. C.
Ch.) A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate in
the choir, and perform other services, which, on extraordinary
occasions, are performed by the superiors.

Heb`do*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. hebdomaticus, Gr. &?;.] Weekly;
hebdomadal. [Obs.]

He"be (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "h`bh youth, "H`bh Hebe.]

1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno.
She was believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to
those who had lost them.

2. (Zoˆl.) An African ape; the hamadryas.

Heb"en (?), n. Ebony. [Obs.] Spenser.

Heb"e*non (?), n. See Henbane. [Obs.] Shak.

Heb"e*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hebetated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hebetating.] [L. hebetatus, p. p. of hebetare to dull. See Hebete.] To
render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; as, to hebetate the
intellectual faculties. Southey

Heb"e*tate (?), a. 1. Obtuse; dull.

2. (Bot.) Having a dull or blunt and soft point. Gray.

Heb`e*ta"tion (?), n. [L. hebetatio: cf. F. hÈbÈtation.] 1. The act of
making blunt, dull, or stupid.

2. The state of being blunted or dulled.

He*bete" (?), a. [L. hebes, hebetis, dull, stupid, fr. hebere to be
dull.] Dull; stupid. [Obs.]

Heb"e*tude (?), n. [L. hebetudo.] Dullness; stupidity. Harvey.

He"bra"ic (?), a. [L. Hebraicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. hebraÔque. See
Hebrew.] Of or pertaining to the Hebrews, or to the language of the
Hebrews.

He*bra"ic*al*ly (?), adv. After the manner of the Hebrews or of the
Hebrew language.

He"bra*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. hÈbraÔsme.]

1. A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of
speaking in the Hebrew language. Addison.

2. The type of character of the Hebrews.

    The governing idea of Hebraism is strictness of conscience.


M. Arnold.

He"bra*ist, n. [Cf. F. hÈbraÔste.] One versed in the Hebrew language
and learning.

He`bra*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language
or idiom.

He`bra*is"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In a Hebraistic sense or form.

    Which is Hebraistically used in the New Testament.


Kitto.

He"bra*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. &?; to speak Hebrew: cf. F. hÈbraÔser.] To
convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or Hebraistic. J. R.
Smith.

He"bra*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hebraized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hebraizing.] To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to
Hebrew customs.

He"brew (?), n. [F. HÈbreu, L. Hebraeus, Gr. &?;, fr. Heb. 'ibhr.] 1.
An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the
line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew.

    There came one that had escaped and told Abram the Hebrew.


Gen. xiv. 13.

2. The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of
languages.

He"brew, a. Of or pertaining to the Hebrews; as, the Hebrew language or
rites.

He"brew*ess, n. An Israelitish woman.

He*bri"cian (?), n. A Hebraist. [R.]

{ He*brid"e*an (?), He*brid"i*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
islands called Hebrides, west of Scotland. -- n. A native or inhabitant
of the Hebrides.

Hec"a*tomb (?), n. [L. hecatombe, Gr. &?;; &?; hundred + &?; ox: cf. F.
hÈcatombe.] (Antiq.) A sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the
same time; hence, the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of
victims.

    Slaughtered hecatombs around them bleed.


Addison.

    More than a human hecatomb.


Byron.

Hec`a*tom"pe*don (?), n. [Gr. &?; hundred feet long, &?; &?; the
Parthenon; &?; hundred + &?; foot.] (Arch.) A name given to the old
Parthenon at Athens, because measuring 100 Greek feet, probably in the
width across the stylobate.

Hec"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. &?; six + &?; ten.] (Chem.) A white,
semisolid, spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, C16H34, of the paraffin series,
found dissolved as an important ingredient of kerosene, and so called
because each molecule has sixteen atoms of carbon; -- called also
hexadecane.

Heck (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.] [Written also hack.] 1. The bolt
or latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A rack for cattle to feed at. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A door, especially one partly of latticework; -- called also heck
door. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. A latticework contrivance for catching fish.

5. (Weaving) An apparatus for separating the threads of warps into
sets, as they are wound upon the reel from the bobbins, in a warping
machine.

6. A bend or winding of a stream. [Prov. Eng.]

Half heck, the lower half of a door. -- Heck board, the loose board at
the bottom or back of a cart. -- Heck box or frame, that which carries
the heck in warping.

Heck"i*mal (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European blue titmouse (Parus cúruleus).
[Written also heckimel, hackeymal, hackmall, hagmall, and hickmall.]

Hec"kle (?), n. & v. t. Same as Hackle.

Hec"tare` (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. &?; hundred + F. are an are.] A measure
of area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares, or 10,000 square
meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres.

Hec"tic (?), a. [F. hectique, Gr. &?; habitual, consumptive, fr. &?;
habit, a habit of body or mind, fr. &?; to have; akin to Skr. sah to
overpower, endure; cf. AS. sige, sigor, victory, G. sieg, Goth. sigis.
Cf. Scheme.] 1. Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow
waste of animal tissue, as in consumption; as, a hectic type in
disease; a hectic flush.

2. In a hectic condition; having hectic fever; consumptive; as, a
hectic patient.

Hectic fever (Med.), a fever of irritation and debility, occurring
usually at a advanced stage of exhausting disease, as a in pulmonary
consumption.

Hec"tic, n. 1. (Med.) Hectic fever.

2. A hectic flush.

    It is no living hue, but a strange hectic.


Byron.

<! p. 681 !>

Hec`to*cot"y*lized (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Changed into a hectocotylus; having
a hectocotylis.

||Hec`to*cot"y*lus (?), n.; pl. Hectocotyli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a
||hundred + &?; a hollow vessel.] (Zoˆl.) One of the arms of the male
||of most kinds of cephalopods, which is specially modified in various
||ways to effect the fertilization of the eggs. In a special sense, the
||greatly modified arm of Argonauta and allied genera, which, after
||receiving the spermatophores, becomes detached from the male, and
||attaches itself to the female for reproductive purposes.

Hec"to*gram (?), n. [F. hectogramme, fr. Gr. &?; hundred + F. gramme a
gram.] A measure of weight, containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527
ounces avoirdupois.

Hec"to*gramme (?), n. [F.] The same as Hectogram.

Hec"to*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; hundred + -graph.] A contrivance for
multiple copying, by means of a surface of gelatin softened with
glycerin. [Written also hectograph.]

{ Hec"to*li`ter, Hec"to*li`tre } (?), n. [F. hectolitre, fr. Gr. &?;
hundred + F. litre a liter.] A measure of liquids, containing a hundred
liters; equal to a tenth of a cubic meter, nearly 26Ω gallons of wine
measure, or 22.0097 imperial gallons. As a dry measure, it contains ten
decaliters, or about 2 Winchester bushels.

{ Hec"to*me`ter, Hec"to*me`tre } (?), n. [F. &?; hectomËtre, fr. Gr.
&?; hundred + F. mËtre a meter.] A measure of length, equal to a
hundred meters. It is equivalent to 328.09 feet.

Hec"tor (?), n. [From the Trojan warrior Hector, the son of Priam.] A
bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes or
provokes.

Hec"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hectored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hectoring.]
To treat with insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by
words; to tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying. Dryden.

Hec"tor, v. i. To play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or
insolent. Swift.

Hec"to*rism (?), n. The disposition or the practice of a hector; a
bullying. [R.]

Hec"tor*ly, a. Resembling a hector; blustering; insolent; taunting.
"Hectorly, ruffianlike swaggering or huffing." Barrow.

Hec"to*stere (?), n. [F. hectostËre; Gr. &?; hundred + F. stËre.] A
measure of solidity, containing one hundred cubic meters, and
equivalent to 3531.66 English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet.

Hed"dle (?), n.; pl. Heddles (#). [Cf. Heald.] (Weaving) One of the
sets of parallel doubled threads which, with mounting, compose the
harness employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten in a
loom.

Hed"dle, v. t. To draw (the warp thread) through the heddle-eyes, in
weaving.

Hed"dle-eye` (?), n. (Weaving) The eye or loop formed in each heddle to
receive a warp thread.

Hed"dling (?), vb. n. The act of drawing the warp threads through the
heddle-eyes of a weaver's harness; the harness itself. Knight.

Hed`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. hederaceus, fr. hedera ivy.] Of, pertaining
to, or resembling, ivy.

Hed"er*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ivy.

He*der"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, the ivy (Hedera); as,
hederic acid, an acid of the acetylene series.

Hed`er*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. hedera ivy + -ferous.] Producing ivy; ivy-
bearing.

Hed"er*ose` (?), a. [L. hederosus, fr. hedera ivy.] Pertaining to, or
of, ivy; full of ivy.

Hedge (?), n. [OE. hegge, AS. hecg; akin to haga an inclosure, E. haw,
AS. hege hedge, E. haybote, D. hegge, OHG. hegga, G. hecke. &radic;12.
See Haw a hedge.] A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes;
especially, such a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions
of land; and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a
line or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field
to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden.

    The roughest berry on the rudest hedge.


Shak.

    Through the verdant maze Of sweetbrier hedges I pursue my walk.


Thomson.

Hedge, when used adjectively or in composition, often means rustic,
outlandish, illiterate, poor, or mean; as, hedge priest; hedgeborn,
etc.

Hedge bells, Hedge bindweed (Bot.), a climbing plant related to the
morning-glory (Convolvulus sepium). -- Hedge bill, a long-handled
billhook. -- Hedge garlic (Bot.), a plant of the genus Alliaria. See
Garlic mustard, under Garlic. -- Hedge hyssop (Bot.), a bitter herb of
the genus Gratiola, the leaves of which are emetic and purgative. - -
Hedge marriage, a secret or clandestine marriage, especially one
performed by a hedge priest. [Eng.] -- Hedge mustard (Bot.), a plant of
the genus Sisymbrium, belonging to the Mustard family. -- Hedge nettle
(Bot.), an herb, or under shrub, of the genus Stachys, belonging to the
Mint family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite harmless. --
Hedge note. (a) The note of a hedge bird. (b) Low, contemptible
writing. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Hedge priest, a poor, illiterate priest.
Shak. -- Hedge school, an open-air school in the shelter of a hedge, in
Ireland; a school for rustics. -- Hedge sparrow (Zoˆl.), a European
warbler (Accentor modularis) which frequents hedges. Its color is
reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with white. Called
also chanter, hedge warbler, dunnock, and doney. -- Hedge writer, an
insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff. [Obs.]
Swift. -- To breast up a hedge. See under Breast. -- To hang in the
hedge, to be at a standstill. "While the business of money hangs in the
hedge." Pepys.

Hedge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hedged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hedging.] 1.
To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence with a thickly set line
or thicket of shrubs or small trees; as, to hedge a field or garden.

2. To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to hinder from progress or
success; -- sometimes with up and out.

    I will hedge up thy way with thorns.


Hos. ii. 6.

    Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to hedge out
    incursions from the north.


Milton.

3. To surround for defense; to guard; to protect; to hem (in).
"England, hedged in with the main." Shak.

4. To surround so as to prevent escape.

    That is a law to hedge in the cuckoo.


Locke.

To hedge a bet, to bet upon both sides; that is, after having bet on
one side, to bet also on the other, thus guarding against loss.

Hedge, v. i. 1. To shelter one's self from danger, risk, duty,
responsibility, etc., as if by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk;
to slink; to shirk obligations.

    I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand and
    hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to hedge and
    to lurch.


Shak.

2. (Betting) To reduce the risk of a wager by making a bet against the
side or chance one has bet on.

3. To use reservations and qualifications in one's speech so as to
avoid committing one's self to anything definite.

    The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to
    hedge between the parties than . . . to gain favor from the
    Roundheads.


Saintsbury.

Hedge"born` (?), a. Born under a hedge; of low birth. Shak.

Hedge"bote` (?), n. (Eng. Law) Same as Haybote.

Hedge"hog` (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A small European insectivore (Erinaceus
EuropÊus), and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair
on the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines. It is able
to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in
every direction. It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon
insects.

2. (Zoˆl.) The Canadian porcupine.[U.S]

3. (Bot.) A species of Medicago (M. intertexta), the pods of which are
armed with short spines; -- popularly so called. Loudon.

4. A form of dredging machine. Knight.

Hedgehog caterpillar (Zoˆl.), the hairy larvÊ of several species of
bombycid moths, as of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog
when disturbed. See Woolly bear, and Isabella moth. -- Hedgehog fish
(Zoˆl.), any spinose plectognath fish, esp. of the genus Diodon; the
porcupine fish. -- Hedgehog grass (Bot.), a grass with spiny
involucres, growing on sandy shores; burgrass (Cenchrus tribuloides).
-- Hedgehog rat (Zoˆl.), one of several West Indian rodents, allied to
the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few quills, or only stiff
bristles. The hedgehog rats belong to Capromys, Plagiodon, and allied
genera. -- Hedgehog shell (Zoˆl.), any spinose, marine, univalve shell
of the genus Murex. -- Hedgehog thistle (Bot.), a plant of the Cactus
family, globular in form, and covered with spines (Echinocactus). --
Sea hedgehog. See Diodon.

Hedge"less, a. Having no hedge.

Hedge"pig` (?), n. A young hedgehog. Shak.

Hedg"er (?), n. One who makes or mends hedges; also, one who hedges,
as, in betting.

Hedge"row` (?), n. A row of shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or
separation of fields.

    By hedgerow elms and hillocks green.


Milton.

Hedg"ing bill` (?). A hedge bill. See under Hedge.

He*don"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; pleasure, &?; sweet, pleasant.] 1.
Pertaining to pleasure.

2. Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic sect.

Hedonic sect a sect that placed the highest good in the gratification
of the senses, -- called also Cyrenaic sect, (which see), and School of
Aristippus.

He*don"ics (?), n. (Philos.) That branch of moral philosophy which
treats of the relation of duty to pleasure; the science of practical,
positive enjoyment or pleasure. J. Grote.

Hed"on*ism (?), n. 1. The doctrine of the Hedonic sect.

2. The ethical theory which finds the explanation and authority of duty
in its tendency to give pleasure.

Hed"on*ist (?), n. One who believes in hedonism.

Hed`o*nis"tic (?), a. Same as Hedonic, 2.

Heed (hd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heeding.] [OE.
heden, AS. hdan; akin to OS. hdian, D. hoeden, Fries. hoda, OHG.
huoten, G. h¸ten, Dan. hytte. &radic;13. Cf. Hood.] To mind; to regard
with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.

    With pleasure Argus the musician heeds.


Dryden.

Syn. -- To notice; regard; mind. See Attend, v. t.

Heed, v. i. To mind; to consider.

Heed, n. 1. Attention; notice; observation; regard; -- often with give
or take.

    With wanton heed and giddy cunning.


Milton.

    Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand.


2 Sam. xx. 10.

    Birds give more heed and mark words more than beasts.


Bacon.

2. Careful consideration; obedient regard.

    Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed to the things
    which we have heard.


Heb. ii. 1.

3. A look or expression of heading. [R.]

    He did it with a serious mind; a heed Was in his countenance.


Shak.

Heed"ful (?), a. Full of heed; regarding with care; cautious;
circumspect; attentive; vigilant. Shak.

-- Heed"ful*ly, adv. -- Heed"ful*ness, n.

Heed"less, a. Without heed or care; inattentive; careless; thoughtless;
unobservant.

    O, negligent and heedless discipline!


Shak.

    The heedless lover does not know Whose eyes they are that wound him
    so.


Waller.

-- Heed"less*ly, adv. -- Heed"less*ness, n.

Heed"y (?), a. Heedful. [Obs.] "Heedy shepherds." Spenser. -- Heed"i*ly
(#), adv. [Obs.] -- Heed"i*ness, n. [Obs.] Spenser.

Heel (hl), v. i. [OE. helden to lean, incline, AS. heldan, hyldan; akin
to Icel. halla, Dan. helde, Sw. h‰lla to tilt, pour, and perh. to E.
hill.] (Naut.) To lean or tip to one side, as a ship; as, the ship
heels aport; the boat heeled over when the squall struck it.

Heeling error (Naut.), a deviation of the compass caused by the heeling
of an iron vessel to one side or the other.

Heel, n. [OE. hele, heele, AS. hla, perh. for hhila, fr. AS. hh heel
(cf. Hough); but cf. D. hiel, OFries. heila, hla, Icel. hÊll, Dan. hÊl,
Sw. h‰l, and L. calx. &radic;12. Cf. Inculcate.] 1. The hinder part of
the foot; sometimes, the whole foot; -- in man or quadrupeds.

    He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed, His
    winged heels and then his armed head.


Denham.

2. The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as of a shoe, sock,
etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward from the hinder part of
the sole of a boot or shoe.

3. The latter or remaining part of anything; the closing or concluding
part. "The heel of a hunt." A. Trollope. "The heel of the white loaf."
Sir W. Scott.

4. Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape; a protuberance; a
knob.

5. The part of a thing corresponding in position to the human heel; the
lower part, or part on which a thing rests; especially: (a) (Naut.) The
after end of a ship's keel. (b) (Naut.) The lower end of a mast, a
boom, the bowsprit, the sternpost, etc. (c) (Mil.) In a small arm, the
corner of the but which is upwards in the firing position. (d) (Mil.)
The uppermost part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt. (e) The
part of any tool next the tang or handle; as, the heel of a scythe.

6. (Man.) Management by the heel, especially the spurred heel; as, the
horse understands the heel well.

7. (Arch.) (a) The lower end of a timber in a frame, as a post or
rafter. In the United States, specif., the obtuse angle of the lower
end of a rafter set sloping. (b) A cyma reversa; -- so called by
workmen. Gwilt.

Heel chain (Naut.), a chain passing from the bowsprit cap around the
heel of the jib boom. -- Heel plate, the butt plate of a gun. -- Heel
of a rafter. (Arch.) See Heel, n., 7. -- Heel ring, a ring for
fastening a scythe blade to the snath. -- Neck and heels, the whole
body. (Colloq.) -- To be at the heels of, to pursue closely; to follow
hard; as, hungry want is at my heels. Otway. -- To be down at the heel,
to be slovenly or in a poor plight. -- To be out at the heels, to have
on stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor
plight. Shak. -- To cool the heels. See under Cool. -- To go heels over
head, to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost; hence, to move
in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner. -- To have the heels of, to
outrun. -- To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to imprison.
Shak. Addison. -- To show the heels, to flee; to run from. -- To take
to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight. -- To throw up another's
heels, to trip him. Bunyan. -- To tread upon one's heels, to follow
closely. Shak.

Heel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heeling.] 1. To
perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like.
[R.]

    I cannot sing, Nor heel the high lavolt.


Shak.

2. To add a heel to; as, to heel a shoe.

3. To arm with a gaff, as a cock for fighting.

Heel"ball` (?), n. A composition of wax and lampblack, used by
shoemakers for polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions.

Heel"er (?), n. 1. A cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs.

2. A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a political patron.
[Political Cant, U. S.]

    The army of hungry heelers who do their bidding.


The Century.

Heel"less, a. Without a heel.

Heel"piece` (?), n. 1. A piece of armor to protect the heels.
Chesterfield.

2. A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a shoe.

3. The end. "The heelpiece of his book." Lloyd.

Heel"post` (?), n. 1. (Naut.) The post supporting the outer end of a
propeller shaft.

2. (Carp.) The post to which a gate or door is hinged.

3. (Engineering) The quoin post of a lock gate.

Heel"spur` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A slender bony or cartilaginous process
developed from the heel bone of bats. It helps to support the wing
membranes. See Illust. of Cheiropter.

Heel"tap` (?), n. 1. One of the segments of leather in the heel of a
shoe.

2. A small portion of liquor left in a glass after drinking. "Bumpers
around and no heeltaps." Sheridan.

Heel"tap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeltapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Heeltapping.] To add a piece of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot,
etc.)

Heel"tool` (?), n. A tool used by turners in metal, having a bend
forming a heel near the cutting end.

Heep (?), n. The hip of the dog- rose. [Obs.]

Heer (?), n.[Etymol. uncertain.] A yarn measure of six hundred yards or
of a spindle. See Spindle.

Heer, n. [See Hair.] Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

<! p. 682 !>

Heft (?), n. Same as Haft, n. [Obs.] Waller.

Heft, n. [From Heave: cf. hefe weight. Cf. Haft.] 1. The act or effort
of heaving&?; violent strain or exertion. [Obs.]

    He craks his gorge, his sides, With violent hefts.


Shak.

2. Weight; ponderousness. [Colloq.]

    A man of his age and heft.


T. Hughes.

3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the heft of the crop was
spoiled. [Colloq. U. S.] J. Pickering.

Heft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hefted (Heft, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hefting.] 1. To heave up; to raise aloft.

    Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft.


Spenser.

2. To prove or try the weight of by raising. [Colloq.]

Heft"y, a. Moderately heavy. [Colloq. U. S.]

He*ge"li*an (?; 106), a. Pertaining to Hegelianism. -- n. A follower of
Hegel.

{ He*ge"li*an*ism (?), He"gel*ism (?), } n. The system of logic and
philosophy set forth by Hegel, a German writer (1770-1831).

{ Heg`e*mon"ic (?), Heg`e*mon"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;. See Hegemony.]
Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant. "Princelike and
hegemonical." Fotherby.

He*gem`o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; guide, leader, fr. &?; to go
before.] Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually
applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or
confederates. Lieber.

Heg"ge (?), n. A hedge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

He*gi"ra (?; 277), n. [Written also hejira.] [Ar. hijrah flight.] The
flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, A. D. 622 (subsequently
established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or
exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed.

The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of
the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which
corresponds to July 16, A. D. 622.

Heif"er (?), n. [OE. hayfare, AS. he·hfore, he·fore; the second part of
this word seems akin to AS. fearr bull, ox; akin to OHG. farro, G.
farre, D. vaars, heifer, G. f‰rse, and perh. to Gr. &?;, &?;, calf,
heifer.] (Zoˆl.) A young cow.

Heigh"-ho (h"-h), interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy, dejection,
uneasiness, weariness, etc. Shak.

Height (ht), n. [Written also hight.] [OE. heighte, heght, heighthe,
AS. he·hu, hhu fr. heah high; akin to D. hoogte, Sw. hˆjd, Dan.
hˆide, Icel. hÊ, Goth. hauhi˛a. See High.] 1. The condition of being
high; elevated position.

    Behold the height of the stars, how high they are!


Job xxii. 12.

2. The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on
which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea;
altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the
ground, of an animal, especially of a man; stature. Bacon.

    [Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span.


1 Sam. xvii. 4.

3. Degree of latitude either north or south. [Obs.]

    Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the
    south.


Abp. Abbot.

4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as, Alpine
heights. Dryden.

5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts;
also, an advanced degree of social rank; preÎminence or distinction in
society; prominence.

    Measure your mind's height by the shade it casts.


R. Browning.

    All would in his power hold, all make his subjects.


Chapman.

6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree.

    Social duties are carried to greater heights, and enforced with
    stronger motives by the principles of our religion.


Addison.

7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as,
the height of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the height of
a tempest.

    My grief was at the height before thou camest.


Shak.

On height, aloud. [Obs.]

    [He] spake these same words, all on hight.


Chaucer.

Height"en (ht"'n), v. t. [Written also highten.] [imp. & p. p.
Heightened (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Heightening.] 1. To make high; to raise
higher; to elevate.

2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate;
to intensify; to render more conspicuous; - - used of things, good or
bad; as, to heighten beauty; to heighten a flavor or a tint. "To
heighten our confusion." Addison.

    An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to the miraculous.


Hawthorne.

Height"en*er (?), n. [Written also hightener.] One who, or that which,
heightens.

Hei"nous (h"ns), a. [OF. haÔnos hateful, F. haineux, fr. OF. haÔne
hate, F. haine, fr. haÔr to hate; of German origin. See Hate.] Hateful;
hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving great offense; --
applied to deeds or to character.

    It were most heinous and accursed sacrilege.


Hooker.

    How heinous had the fact been, how deserving Contempt!


Milton.

Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious.

-- Hei"nous*ly, adv. -- Hei"nous*ness, n.

Heir (?), n. [OE. heir, eir, hair, OF. heir, eir, F. hoir, L. heres; of
uncertain origin. Cf. Hereditary, Heritage.] 1. One who inherits, or is
entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death
of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of
another at the death of the latter.

    I am my father's heir and only son.


Shak.

2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as, the
heir of one's reputation or virtues.

    And I his heir in misery alone.


Pope.

Heir apparent. (Law.) See under Apparent. -- Heir at law, one who,
after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate
estate. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Heir presumptive, one who, if the
ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to
the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or
by some other contingency.

Heir (?), v. t. To inherit; to succeed to. [R.]

    One only daughter heired the royal state.


Dryden.

Heir"dom (?), n. The state of an heir; succession by inheritance.
Burke.

Heir"ess, n. A female heir.

Heir"less a. Destitute of an heir. Shak.

Heir"loom` (?), n. [Heir + loom, in its earlier sense of implement,
tool. See Loom the frame.] Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel,
which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the
inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family
for several generations.

    Woe to him whose daring hand profanes The honored heirlooms of his
    ancestors.


Moir.

Heir"ship (?), n. The state, character, or privileges of an heir; right
of inheriting.

Heirship movables, certain kinds of movables which the heir is entitled
to take, besides the heritable estate. [Scot.]

He*ji"ra (?), n. See Hegira.

Hek"tare`, Hek"to*gram, Hek"to*li`ter, &and; Hek"to*me`ter, n. Same as
Hectare, Hectogram, Hectoliter, and Hectometer.

Hek"to*graph (?), n. See Hectograph.

||Hel*a*mys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fawn + &?; mouse.] (Zoˆl.) See
||Jumping hare, under Hare.

Hel"co*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wound + -plasty.] (Med.) The act or
process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by a plastic
operation.

Held (?), imp. & p. p. of Hold.

Hele (?), n. [See Heal, n.] Health; welfare. [Obs.] "In joy and perfyt
hele." Chaucer.

Hele, v. t. [AS. helan, akin to D. helen, OHG. helan, G. hehlen, L.
celare. &radic;17. See Hell, and cf. Conceal.] To hide; to cover; to
roof. [Obs.]

    Hide and hele things.


Chaucer.

Hel"e*na (?), n. [L.: cf. Sp. helena.] See St. Elmo's fire, under
Saint.

Hel"e*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A neutral organic substance found in the root
of the elecampane (Inula helenium), and extracted as a white
crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste.

He"li*ac (?), a. Heliacal.

He*li"a*cal (?), a. [Gr. &?; belonging to the sun, fr. &?; the sun: cf.
F. hÈliaque.] (Astron.) Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing
into it; rising or setting at the same, or nearly the same, time as the
sun. Sir T. Browne.

The heliacal rising of a star is when, after being in conjunction with
the sun, and invisible, it emerges from the light so as to be visible
in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary, the heliacal setting
of a star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render
the star invisible.

He*li"a*cal*ly, adv. In a heliacal manner. De Quincey.

He`li*an"thin (?), n. [Prob. fr. L. helianthes, or NL. helianthus,
sunflower, in allusion to its color.] (Chem.) An artificial, orange
dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and like it used as an indicator in
alkalimetry; -- called also methyl orange.

He`li*an"thoid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea.

||He`li*an"thoi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. helianthes sunflower +
||-oid.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Anthozoa; the Actinaria.

Hel"i*cal (?), a. [From Helix.] Of or pertaining to, or in the form of,
a helix; spiral; as, a helical staircase; a helical spring. --
Hel"i*cal*ly, adv.

||Hel`i*chry"sum (&?;), n. [L., the marigold, fr. Gr. &?; a kind of
||plant.] (Bot.) A genus of composite plants, with shining, commonly
||white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated involucres, which are
||often called "everlasting flowers."

He*lic"i*form (?), a. [Helix + -form.] Having the form of a helix;
spiral.

Hel"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline
substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix Helix
of LinnÊus.)

Hel"i*cine (?), a. (Anat.) Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp. to
certain arteries of the penis.

Hel"i*co*graph` (?), n. [Helix + -graph.] An instrument for drawing
spiral lines on a plane.

Hel"i*coid (?), a. [Gr. &?;; "e`lix, -ikos, spiral + &?; shape: cf. F.
hÈlicoÔde. See Helix.]

1. Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve shell.

2. (Zoˆl.) Shaped like a snail shell; pertaining to the HelicidÊ, or
Snail family.

Helicoid parabola (Math.), the parabolic spiral.

Hel"i*coid, n. (Geom.) A warped surface which may be generated by a
straight line moving in such a manner that every point of the line
shall have a uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight
line, and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it.

Hel`i*coid"al (?), a. Same as Helicoid. -- Hel`i*coid"al*ly, adv.

Hel"i*con (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] A mountain in Búotia, in Greece,
supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses.

    From Helicon's harmonious springs A thousand rills their mazy
    progress take.


Gray.

||Hel`i*co"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Helicon.] (Zoˆl.) One of numerous
||species of Heliconius, a genus of tropical American butterflies. The
||wings are usually black, marked with green, crimson, and white.

Hel`i*co"ni*an (?), a. [L. Heliconius.] 1. Of or pertaining to Helicon.
"Heliconian honey." Tennyson.

2. (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to the butterflies of the genus
Heliconius.

||Hel`i*co"tre"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "e`lix, -ikos, a helix + &?; a
||hole.] (Anat.) The opening by which the two scalÊ communicate at the
||top of the cochlea of the ear.

He"li*o- (?). A combining form from Gr. "h`lios the sun.

{ He`li*o*cen"tric (?), He`li*o*cen"tric"al (?), } a. [Helio- +
centric, centrical: cf. F. hÈliocentrique.] (Astron.) pertaining to the
sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to,
the sun as a center; -- opposed to geocentrical.

Heliocentric parallax. See under Parallax. -- Heliocentric place,
latitude, longitude, etc. (of a heavenly body), the direction,
latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as viewed from the sun.

He"li*o*chrome (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. &?; color.] A photograph in
colors. R. Hunt.

He`li*o*chro"mic (?), a. Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy.

He"li*o*chro`my (?), n. The art of producing photographs in color.

He"li*o*graph (?), n. [Helio- + -graph.]ets>

1. A picture taken by heliography; a photograph.

2. An instrument for taking photographs of the sun.

3. An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays. See
Heliotrope, 3.

He`li*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to heliography or a
heliograph; made by heliography.

Heliographic chart. See under Chart.

He`li*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Helio- + -graphy.] Photography. R. Hunt.

He`li*o*grav"ure (?), n. [F. hÈliogravure.] The process of photographic
engraving.

He`li*ol"a*ter (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. &?; servant, worshiper.] A
worshiper of the sun.

He`li*ol"a*try (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. &?; service, worship.] Sun
worship. See Sabianism.

He"li*o*lite (?), n. [Helio- + -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil coral of the
genus Heliolites, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in the
Silurian rocks.

He`li*om"e*ter (?), n. [Helio- + -meter: cf. F. hÈliomËtre.] (Astron.)
An instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the sun;
now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and relative
direction of two stars too far apart to be easily measured in the field
of view of an ordinary telescope.

{ He`li*o*met"ric (?), He`li*o*met"ric*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
the heliometer, or to heliometry.

He`li*om"e*try (?), n. The apart or practice of measuring the diameters
of heavenly bodies, their relative distances, etc. See Heliometer.

||He`li*op"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the sun + &?; a passage,
||pore.] (Zoˆl.) An East Indian stony coral now known to belong to the
||Alcyonaria; -- called also blue coral.

He"li*o*scope (?), n. [Helio- + -scope: cf. F. hÈlioscope.] (Astron.) A
telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes,
as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect but a small
portion of light. -- He`li*o*scop`ic (#), a.

He"li*o*stat (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. &?; placed, standing, fr. &?; to
place, stand: cf. F. hÈliostate.] An instrument consisting of a mirror
moved by clockwork, by which a sunbeam is made apparently stationary,
by being steadily directed to one spot during the whole of its diurnal
period; also, a geodetic heliotrope.

He"li*o*trope (?), n. [F. hÈliotrope, L. heliotropium, Gr. &?;; &?; the
sun + &?; to turn, &?; turn. See Heliacal, Trope.] 1. (Anc. Astron.) An
instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics
and equinoctial line.

2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; -- called also turnsole
and girasole. H. Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with
fragrant flowers.

3. (Geodesy & Signal Service) An instrument for making signals to an
observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a
mirror.

4. (Min.) See Bloodstone (a).

Heliotrope purple, a grayish purple color.

He"li*o*tro`per (?), n. The person at a geodetic station who has charge
of the heliotrope.

He`li*o*trop"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward
the sun.

He`li*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. &?; to turn.] (Bot.) The
phenomenon of turning toward the light, seen in many leaves and
flowers.

He"li*o*type (?), n. [Helio- + -type.] A picture obtained by the
process of heliotypy.

He`li*o*typ"ic (?), a. Relating to, or obtained by, heliotypy.

He"li*o*ty`py (?), n. A method of transferring pictures from
photographic negatives to hardened gelatin plates from which
impressions are produced on paper as by lithography.

||He`li*o*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the sun + &?; an animal.]
||(Zoˆl.) An order of fresh-water rhizopods having a more or less
||globular form, with slender radiating pseudopodia; the sun
||animalcule.

Hel`i*spher"ic (?), Hel`i*spher"ic*al (&?;), a. [Helix + spheric,
spherical.] Spiral.

Helispherical line (Math.). the rhomb line in navigation. [R.]

He"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the sun.] (Chem.) A gaseous element
found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare
minerals.

<! p. 683 !>

He"lix (?), n.; pl. L. Helices (#), E. Helixes (#). [L. helix, Gr. &?;,
&?;, fr. &?; to turn round; cf. L. volvere, and E. volute, voluble.] 1.
(Geom.) A nonplane curve whose tangents are all equally inclined to a
given plane. The common helix is the curve formed by the thread of the
ordinary screw. It is distinguished from the spiral, all the
convolutions of which are in the plane.

2. (Arch.) A caulicule or little volute under the abacus of the
Corinthian capital.

3. (Anat.) The incurved margin or rim of the external ear. See Illust.
of Ear.

4. (Zoˆl.) A genus of land snails, including a large number of species.

The genus originally included nearly all shells, but is now greatly
restricted. See Snail, Pulmonifera.

Hell (?), n. [AS. hell; akin to D. hel, OHG. hella, G. hˆlle, Icel.
hal, Sw. helfvete, Dan. helvede, Goth. halja, and to AS. helan to
conceal. &?;&?;&?;. Cf. Hele, v. t., Conceal, Cell, Helmet, Hole,
Occult.]

1. The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the grave; -- called
in Hebrew sheol, and by the Greeks hades.

    He descended into hell.


Book of Common Prayer.

    Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell.


Ps. xvi. 10.

2. The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; the
abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental torment; anguish. "Within him
hell." Milton.

    It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell.


Shak.

3. A place where outcast persons or things are gathered; as: (a) A
dungeon or prison; also, in certain running games, a place to which
those who are caught are carried for detention. (b) A gambling house.
"A convenient little gambling hell for those who had grown reckless."
W. Black. (c) A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a
printer his broken type. Hudibras.

Gates of hell. (Script.) See Gate, n., 4.

Hell, v. t. To overwhelm. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hel`la*nod"ic (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a Greek + &?; right,
judgment.] (Gr. Antiq.) A judge or umpire in games or combats.

Hell"bend`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A large North American aquatic salamander
(Protonopsis horrida or Menopoma Alleghaniensis). It is very voracious
and very tenacious of life. Also called alligator, and water dog.

Hell"born` (?), a. Born in or of hell. Shak.

Hell"bred` (?), a. Produced in hell. Spenser.

Hell"brewed` (?), a. Prepared in hell. Milton.

Hell"broth` (?), n. A composition for infernal purposes; a magical
preparation. Shak.

Hell"-cat ` (?), n. A witch; a hag. Middleton.

Hell"-div`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The dabchick.

Hell"doomed` (?), a. Doomed to hell. Milton.

Hel"le*bore (?), n. [L. helleborus, elleborus, Gr. &?;, &?;; cf. F.
hellÈbore, ellÈbore.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Helleborus) of the Crowfoot
family, mostly having powerfully cathartic and even poisonous
qualities. H. niger is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose,
blossoming in winter or earliest spring. H. officinalis was the
officinal hellebore of the ancients.

2. (Bot.) Any plant of several species of the poisonous liliaceous
genus Veratrum, especially V. album and V. viride, both called white
hellebore.

Hel`le*bo"re*in (?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside accompanying
helleborin in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white
crystalline substance with a bittersweet taste. It has a strong action
on the heart, resembling digitalin.

Hel*leb"o*rin (? or ?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside found in
several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline
substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential
virtues of the plant; -- called also elleborin.

Hel"le*bo*rism (?), n. The practice or theory of using hellebore as a
medicine.

Hel"lene (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] A native of either ancient or modern
Greece; a Greek. Brewer.

Hel*le"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks.

Hel*len"ic (?; 277), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; the Greeks.] Of or
pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian.
"The Hellenic forces." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Hel*len"ic, n. The dialect, formed with slight variations from the
Attic, which prevailed among Greek writers after the time of Alexander.

Hel"len*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. HellÈnisme.] 1. A phrase or form
of speech in accordance with genius and construction or idioms of the
Greek language; a Grecism. Addison.

2. The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture,
grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and
perfection.

Hel"len*ist (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. HellÈniste.] 1. One who affiliates
with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person of Jewish
extraction who used the Greek language as his mother tongue, as did the
Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt; distinguished from the
Hebraists, or native Jews (Acts vi. 1).

2. One skilled in the Greek language and literature; as, the critical
Hellenist.

{ Hel`le*nis"tic (?), Hel`le*nis"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
HellÈnistique.] Pertaining to the Hellenists.

Hellenistic language, dialect, or idiom, the Greek spoken or used by
the Jews who lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the
Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint.

Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. According to the Hellenistic manner or
dialect. J. Gregory.

Hel"len*ize (?), v. i. [Gr. &?;.] To use the Greek language; to play
the Greek; to Grecize.

Hel"len*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. &?;.] To give a Greek form or character to;
to Grecize; as, to Hellenize a word.

Hel*len"o*type (?), n. See Ivorytype.

Hel"les*pont (?), n. [L. Hellespontus, Gr. &?;; &?; the mythological
Helle, daughter of Athamas + &?; sea.] A narrow strait between Europe
and Asia, now called the Daradanelles. It connects the ∆gean Sea and
the sea of Marmora.

Hel`les*pon"tine (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Hellespont. Mitford.

{ Hell"ga*mite (?), Hell"gra*mite (?), } n. (Zoˆl.) The aquatic larva
of a large American winged insect (Corydalus cornutus), much used a
fish bait by anglers; the dobson. It belongs to the Neuroptera.

Hell"hag` (?), n. A hag of or fit for hell. Bp. Richardson.

Hell"-haunt`ed (&?;), a. Haunted by devils; hellish. Dryden.

Hell"hound` (?), n. [AS. hellehund.] A dog of hell; an agent of hell.

    A hellhound, that doth hunt us all to death.


Shak.

Hel"li*er (?), n. [See Hele, v. t.] One who heles or covers; hence, a
tiler, slater, or thatcher. [Obs.] [Written also heler.] Usher.

Hell"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal;
malignant; wicked; detestable; diabolical. "Hellish hate." Milton. --
Hell"ish*ly, adv. -- Hell"ish*ness, n.

Hell"kite` (?), n. A kite of infernal breed. Shak.

Hel*lo" (?), interj. & n. See Halloo.

Hell"ward (?), adv. Toward hell. Pope.

Hell"y, a. [AS. hellc.] Hellish. Anderson (1573).

Helm (?), n. See Haulm, straw.

Helm (?), n. [OE. helme, AS. helma rudder; akin to D. & G. helm, Icel.
hjlm, and perh. to E. helve.]

1. (Naut.) The apparatus by which a ship is steered, comprising rudder,
tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly used of the tiller or wheel alone.

2. The place or office of direction or administration. "The helm of the
Commonwealth." Melmoth.

3. One at the place of direction or control; a steersman; hence, a
guide; a director.

    The helms o' the State, who care for you like fathers.


Shak.

4. [Cf. Helve.] A helve. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Helm amidships, when the tiller, rudder, and keel are in the same
plane. -- Helm aport, when the tiller is borne over to the port side of
the ship. -- Helm astarboard, when the tiller is borne to the starboard
side. -- Helm alee, Helm aweather, when the tiller is borne over to the
lee or to the weather side. -- Helm hard alee or hard aport, hard
astarboard, etc., when the tiller is borne over to the extreme limit.
-- Helm port, the round hole in a vessel's counter through which the
rudderstock passes. -- Helm down, helm alee. -- Helm up, helm aweather.
-- To ease the helm, to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to
lessen the strain on the rudder. -- To feel the helm, to obey it. -- To
right the helm, to put it amidships. -- To shift the helm, to bear the
tiller over to the corresponding position on the opposite side of the
vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Helm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Helming.] To
steer; to guide; to direct. [R.]

    The business he hath helmed.


Shak.

    A wild wave . . . overbears the bark, And him that helms it.


Tennyson.

Helm, n. [AS. See Helmet.] 1. A helmet. [Poetic]

2. A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

Helm, v. t. To cover or furnish with a helm or helmet. [Perh. used only
as a past part. or part. adj.]

    She that helmed was in starke stours.


Chaucer.

Helm"age (?), n. Guidance; direction. [R.]

Helm"ed (?), a. Covered with a helmet.

    The helmed cherubim Are seen in glittering ranks.


Milton.

Hel"met (?), n. [OF. helmet, a dim of helme, F. heaume; of Teutonic
origin; cf. G. helm, akin to AS. & OS. helm, D. helm, helmet, Icel.
hjlmr, Sw. hjelm, Dan. hielm, Goth. hilms; and prob. from the root of
AS. helan to hide, to hele; cf. also Lith. szalmas, Russ. shleme, Skr.
Áarman protection. &radic;17. Cf. Hele, Hell, Helm a helmet.] 1.
(Armor) A defensive covering for the head. See Casque, Headpiece,
Morion, Sallet, and Illust. of Beaver.

2. (Her.) The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms,
denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form.

3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable
material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc., also
worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun.

4. That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.; as: (a)
(Chem.) The upper part of a retort. Boyle. (b) (Bot.) The hood-formed
upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as of the monkshood or the
snapdragon. (c) (Zoˆl.) A naked shield or protuberance on the top or
fore part of the head of a bird.

Helmet beetle (Zoˆl.), a leaf- eating beetle of the family
ChrysomelidÊ, having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species
are known. -- Helmet shell (Zoˆl.), one of many species of tropical
marine univalve shells belonging to Cassis and allied genera. Many of
them are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos,
and hence are called cameo shells. See King conch. -- Helmet shrike
(Zoˆl.), an African wood shrike of the genus Prionodon, having a large
crest.

Hel`met*ed (?), a. Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet
or helmet-shaped part; galeate.

Hel"met-shaped` (&?;), a. Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See Illust. of
Galeate.

Hel"minth (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm.] (Zoˆl.) An intestinal worm,
or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the Helminthes.

Hel*min"tha*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; a worm + &?; to drive.] (Med.) A
vermifuge.

||Hel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm.] (Zoˆl.) One
||of the grand divisions or branches of the animal kingdom. It is a
||large group including a vast number of species, most of which are
||parasitic. Called also Enthelminthes, Enthelmintha.

The following classes are included, with others of less importance:
Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes, etc.), Turbellaria
(planarians), Acanthocephala (thornheads), Nematoidea (roundworms,
trichina, gordius), Nemertina (nemerteans). See Plathelminthes, and
Nemathelminthes.

||Hel`min*thi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to suffer from worms, fr.
||&?;, &?;, a worm.] (Med.) A disease in which worms are present in
||some part of the body.

Hel*min"thic (?), a. [Cf. F. helminthique.] Of or relating to worms, or
Helminthes; expelling worms. -- n. A vermifuge; an anthelmintic.

Hel*min"thite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm.] (Geol.) One of the
sinuous tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly considered
as worm trails.

Hel*min"thoid (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm + -oid.] Wormlike;
vermiform.

{ Hel*min`tho*log"ic (?), Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al, } a. [Cf. F.
helminthologique.] Of or pertaining to helminthology.

Hel`min*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. helminthologiste.] One versed in
helminthology.

Hel`min*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm + -logy: cf. F.
helminthologie.] The natural history, or study, of worms, esp.
parasitic worms.

Helm"less (?), a. 1. Destitute of a helmet.

2. Without a helm or rudder. Carlyle.

Helms"man (?), n.; pl. Helmsmen (&?;). The man at the helm; a
steersman.

Helm"wind` (?), n. A wind attending or presaged by the cloud called
helm. [Prov. Eng.]

He"lot (?; 277), n. [L. Helotes, Hilotae, pl., fr. Gr. E'e`lws and
E'elw`ths a bondman or serf of the Spartans; so named from 'Elos, a
town of Laconia, whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to
e`lei^n to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of &?;.] A slave in ancient
Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or serf.

    Those unfortunates, the Helots of mankind, more or less numerous in
    every community.


I. Taylor.

He"lot*ism (?), n. The condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta;
slavery.

He"lot*ry (?), n. The Helots, collectively; slaves; bondsmen. "The
Helotry of Mammon." Macaulay.

Help (hlp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helped (hlpt) (Obs. imp. Holp (hlp), p.
p. Holpen (hl"p'n)); p. pr. & vb. n. Helping.] [AS. helpan; akin to OS.
helpan, D. helpen, G. helfen, OHG. helfan, Icel. hjlpa, Sw. hjelpa,
Dan. hielpe, Goth. hilpan; cf. Lith. szelpti, and Skr. klp to be
fitting.] 1. To furnish with strength or means for the successful
performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to
assist; as, to help a man in his work; to help one to remember; -- the
following infinitive is commonly used without to; as, "Help me scale
yon balcony." Longfellow.

2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to help
one in distress; to help one out of prison. "God help, poor souls, how
idly do they talk!" Shak.

3. To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail
against; -- sometimes with of before a word designating the pain or
disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object. "To
help him of his blindness." Shak.

    The true calamus helps coughs.


Gerarde.

<! p. 684 !>

4. To change for the better; to remedy.

    Cease to lament for what thou canst not help.


Shak.

5. To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can help it?
Swift.

6. To forbear; to avoid.

    I can not help remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our
    author.


Pope.

7. To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food.

To help forward, to assist in advancing. -- To help off, to help to go
or pass away, as time; to assist in removing. Locke. -- To help on, to
forward; to promote by aid. -- To help out, to aid, as in delivering
from a difficulty, or to aid in completing a design or task.

    The god of learning and of light Would want a god himself to help
    him out.


Swift.

-- To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over an
obstacle. -- To help to, to supply with; to furnish with; as, to help
one to soup. -- To help up, to help (one) to get up; to assist in
rising, as after a fall, and the like. "A man is well holp up that
trusts to you." Shak.

Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain;
befriend. -- To Help, Aid, Assist. These words all agree in the idea of
affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. Help turns
attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a pit, I
call for help; and he who helps me out does it by an act of his own.
Aid turns attention to the other side, and supposes coˆperation on the
part of him who is relieved; as, he aided me in getting out of the pit;
I got out by the aid of a ladder which he brought. Assist has a primary
reference to relief afforded by a person who "stands by" in order to
relieve. It denotes both help and aid. Thus, we say of a person who is
weak, I assisted him upstairs, or, he mounted the stairs by my
assistance. When help is used as a noun, it points less distinctively
and exclusively to the source of relief, or, in other words, agrees
more closely with aid. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the help of
my friend.

Help (?), v. i. To lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or
means; to avail or be of use; to assist.

    A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable
    person.


Garth.

To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply.

Help, n. [AS. help; akin to D. hulp, G. h¸lfe, hilfe, Icel. hjlp, Sw.
hjelp, Dan. hielp. See Help, v. t.]

1. Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or
deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or
thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a help of fifty dollars.

    Give us help from trouble, for vain is the help of man.


Ps. lx. 11.

    God is . . . a very present help in trouble.


Ps. xlvi. 1.

    Virtue is a friend and a help to nature.


South.

2. Remedy; relief; as, there is no help for it.

3. A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of hired
helpers in any business.

4. Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman. [Local, U. S.]

Help"er (?), n. One who, or that which, helps, aids, assists, or
relieves; as, a lay helper in a parish.

    Thou art the helper of the fatherless.


Ps. x. 14.

    Compassion . . . oftentimes a helper of evils.


Dr. H. More.

Help"ful (?), a. Furnishing help; giving aid; assistant; useful;
salutary.

    Heavens make our presence and our practices Pleasant and helpful to
    him!


Shak.

-- Help"ful*ly, adv. -- Help"ful*ness, n. Milton.

Help"less, a. 1. Destitute of help or strength; unable to help or
defend one's self; needing help; feeble; weak; as, a helpless infant.

    How shall I then your helpless fame defend?


Pope.

2. Beyond help; irremediable.

    Some helpless disagreement or dislike, either of mind or body.


Milton.

3. Bringing no help; unaiding. [Obs.]

    Yet since the gods have been Helpless foreseers of my plagues.


Chapman.

4. Unsupplied; destitute; -- with of. [R.]

    Helpless of all that human wants require.


Dryden.

-- Help"less*ly, adv. -- Help"less*ness, n.

Help"mate` (?), n. [A corruption of the "help meet for him" of Genesis
ii. 18.Fitzedward Hall.] A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife.

    In Minorca the ass and the hog are common helpmates, and are yoked
    together in order to turn up the land.


Pennant.

    A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable
    helpmate for a parson.


Macaulay.

Help"meet` (?), n. [See Helpmate.] A wife; a helpmate.

    The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his finding the
    want of a helpmeet, caused him to sleep, and took one of his ribs
    and thence made woman.


J. H. Newman.

Hel"ter-skel"ter (?), adv. [An onomat&?;poetic word. Cf. G.
holter-polter, D. holder de bolder.] In hurry and confusion; without
definite purpose; irregularly. [Colloq.]

    Helter-skelter have I rode to thee.


Shak.

    A wistaria vine running helter-skelter across the roof.


J. C. Harris.

Helve (?), n. [OE. helve, helfe, AS. hielf, helf, hylf, cf. OHG. halb;
and also E. halter, helm of a rudder.] 1. The handle of an ax, hatchet,
or adze.

2. (Iron Working) (a) The lever at the end of which is the hammer head,
in a forge hammer. (b) A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting
on the helve between the fulcrum and the head.

Helve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Helving.] To
furnish with a helve, as an ax.

Hel*ve"tian (?), a. Same as Helvetic. -- n. A Swiss; a Switzer.

Hel*ve"tic (?), a. [L. Helveticus, fr. Helvetii the Helvetii.] Of or
pertaining to the Helvetii, the ancient inhabitant of the Alps, now
Switzerland, or to the modern states and inhabitant of the Alpine
regions; as, the Helvetic confederacy; Helvetic states.

{ Hel"vine (?), Hel"vite (?), } n. [L. helvus of a light bay color.]
(Min.) A mineral of a yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica,
glucina, manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur.

Hem (hm), pron. [OE., fr. AS. him, heom, dative pl. of. h he. See He,
They.] Them [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hem, interj. An onomatopoetic word used as an expression of hesitation,
doubt, etc. It is often a sort of voluntary half cough, loud or
subdued, and would perhaps be better expressed by hm.

    Cough or cry hem, if anybody come.


Shak.

Hem, n. An utterance or sound of the voice, hem or hm, often indicative
of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention. "His morning
hems." Spectator.

Hem, v. i. [&radic;15. See Hem, interj.] To make the sound expressed by
the word hem; hence, to hesitate in speaking. "Hem, and stroke thy
beard." Shak.

Hem, n. [AS. hem, border, margin; cf. Fries. h‰mel, Prov. G. hammel hem
of mire or dirt.] 1. The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled
over and sewed, to strengthen it and prevent raveling.

2. Border; edge; margin. "Hem of the sea." Shak.

3. A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling over the edge of the
sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp edge.

Hem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hemming.] 1. To
form a hem or border to; to fold and sew down the edge of. Wordsworth.

2. To border; to edge

    All the skirt about Was hemmed with golden fringe.


Spenser.

To hem about, around, or in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to
environ. "With valiant squadrons round about to hem." Fairfax. "Hemmed
in to be a spoil to tyranny." Daniel. -- To hem out, to shut out. "You
can not hem me out of London." J. Webster.

Hem"a- (?). Same as HÊma-.

Hem"a*chate (?), n. [L. haemachates; Gr. a"i^ma blood + &?; agate.]
(Min.) A species of agate, sprinkled with spots of red jasper.

Hem"a*chrome (?), n. Same as HÊmachrome.

Hem"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] A composition made from blood,
mixed with mineral or vegetable substances, used for making buttons,
door knobs, etc.

{ Hem`a*drom"e*ter (?), Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter (?), } n. [Hema- + Gr. &?;
course + - meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity
with which the blood moves in the arteries.

{ Hem`a*drom`e*try (?), Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try (?), } n. (Physiol.) The
act of measuring the velocity with which the blood circulates in the
arteries; hÊmotachometry.

He`ma*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Hema- + dynamics.] (Physiol.) The principles
of dynamics in their application to the blood; that part of science
which treats of the motion of the blood.

He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hema-  + dynamometr.] (Physiol.) An
instrument by which the pressure of the blood in the arteries, or
veins, is measured by the height to which it will raise a column of
mercury; -- called also a hÊmomanometer.

He"mal (?), a. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] Relating to the blood or blood
vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with,
the heart and great blood vessels; -- opposed to neural.

As applied to vertebrates, hemal is the same as ventral, the heart and
great blood vessels being on the ventral, and the central nervous
system on the dorsal, side of the vertebral column.

Hemal arch (Anat.), the ventral arch in a segment of the spinal
skeleton, formed by vertebral processes or ribs.

Hem`a*phÊ"in (?), n. Same as HÊmaphÊin.

||Hem`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hemapophyses . [NL. See HÊma-, and
||Apophysis.] (Anat.) The second element in each half of a hemal arch,
||corresponding to the sternal part of a rib. Owen. --
||Hem`a*po*phys"i*al (#), a.

{ Hem`a*stat"ic (?), Hem`a*stat"ic*al (?), } a. & n. Same as
Hemostatic.

Hem`a*stat"ics (?), n. (Physiol.) Laws relating to the equilibrium of
the blood in the blood vessels.

Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. Same as HÊmatachometer.

Hem`a*te"in (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, blood.] (Chem.) A reddish brown or
violet crystalline substance, C16H12O6, got from hematoxylin by partial
oxidation, and regarded as analogous to the phthaleins.

||Hem`a*tem"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + &?;
||a vomiting, fr. &?; to vomit.] (Med.) A vomiting of blood.

Hem"a*therm (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood + &?; warm.] (Zoˆl.) A warm-
blooded animal. [R.]

Hem`a*ther"mal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Warm-blooded; hematothermal. [R]

He*mat"ic (?), a. Same as HÊmatic.

He*mat"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine designed to improve the condition of
the blood.

Hem"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] 1. Hematoxylin.

2. (Physiol. Chem.) A bluish black, amorphous substance containing iron
and obtained from blood. It exists the red blood corpuscles united with
globulin, and the form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the
blood its red color.

Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Hematin + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.) A form
of hemoglobinometer.

Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to the measurement of
the amount of hematin or hemoglobin contained in blood, or other
fluids.

He*mat"i*non (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] A red consisting
of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide of copper and iron, and
used in enamels, mosaics, etc.

Hem"a*tite (?), n. [L. haematites, Gr. &?; bloodlike, fr. a"i^ma,
a"i`matos, blood.] (Min.) An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so
called because of the red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent
rhombohedral crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last
called red ocher. Called also specular iron, oligist iron, rhombohedral
iron ore, and bloodstone. See Brown hematite, under Brown.

Hem`a*tit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hematite, or resembling it.

Hem"a*to (?). See HÊma-.

He*mat"o*cele (?), n. [Hemato- + Gr. &?; tumor: cf. F. hÈmatocËle.]
(Med.) A tumor filled with blood.

||Hem`a*toc"ry*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood +
||kry`os cold.] (Zoˆl.) The cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but
||the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to Hematotherma.

Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin (?), n. [Hemato + crystalline.] (Physiol.) See
Hemoglobin.

Hem"a*toid (?), a. [Hemato- + -oid.] (Physiol.) Resembling blood.

Hem`a*toid"in (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline or amorphous
pigment, free from iron, formed from hematin in old blood stains, and
in old hemorrhages in the body. It resembles bilirubin. When present in
the corpora lutea it is called hÊmolutein.

Hem`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Hemato- + -logy.] The science which treats of
the blood.

||Hem`a*to"ma (?), n. [NL. See Hema- , and -oma.] (Med.) A
||circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood beneath the
||skin.

||Hem`a*to*phil"i*a (-t*fl"*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos,
||blood + filei^n to love.] (Med.) A condition characterized by a
||tendency to profuse and uncontrollable hemorrhage from the slightest
||wounds.

Hem`a*to"sin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) The hematin of blood. [R.]

||Hem`a*to"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"ima`twsis.] (Physiol.) (a)
||Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into blood. (b) The
||arterialization of the blood in the lungs; the formation of blood in
||general; hÊmatogenesis.

||Hem`a*to*ther"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood
||+ thermo`s warm.] (Zoˆl.) The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising
||the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to hematocrya.

Hem"a*to*ther"mal (?), a. Warm- blooded.

Hem`a*tox"y*lin (?), n. HÊmatoxylin.

||Hem`a*tu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Hema-, and Urine.] (Med.) Passage of
||urine mingled with blood.

Hem`au*tog"ra*phy (?), n. (Physiol.) The obtaining of a curve similar
to a pulse curve or sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided
artery to strike against a piece of paper.

{ ||Hem*el"y*tron (? or ?), ||Hem*el"y*trum (- trm cf. Elytron, 277),
}, n.; pl. Hemelytra (&?;). [NL. See Hemi, and Elytron.] (Zoˆl.) One of
the partially thickened anterior wings of certain insects, as of many
Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc.

||Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, the opposite of &?;; &?;
||day + &?; of &?;. See Nyctalopia.] (Med.) A disease of the eyes, in
||consequence of which a person can see clearly or without pain only by
||daylight or a strong artificial light; day sight.

Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, i. e., day
blindness. See Nyctalopia.

Hem`er*o"bi*an (?), n. [Gr. &?; day + &?; life.] (Zoˆl.) A neuropterous
insect of the genus Hemerobius, and allied genera.

He*mer"o*bid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of relating to the hemerobians.

||Hem`e*ro*cal"lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; day + &?; beauty.]
||(Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of which are cultivated for
||their beautiful flowers; day lily.

Hem"i- (?). [Gr. "hmi-. See Semi-.] A prefix signifying half.

Hem`i*al*bu"min (?), n. [Hemi- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Hemialbumose.

Hem`i*al"bu"mose` (?), n. [Hemi- + albumose.] (Physiol. Chem.) An
albuminous substance formed in gastric digestion, and by the action of
boiling dilute acids on albumin. It is readily convertible into
hemipeptone. Called also hemialbumin.

||Hem`i*an`Ês*the"si*a (?), n. [Hemi- + anÊsthesia.] (Med.) AnÊsthesia
||upon one side of the body.

||Hem`i*bran"chi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hemi-, and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) An
||order of fishes having an incomplete or reduced branchial apparatus.
||It includes the sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and Fistularia.

||Hem`i*car"di*a (?), n. [NL. See Hemi-, and Cardia.] (Anat.) A lateral
||half of the heart, either the right or left. B. G. Wilder.

Hem`i*carp (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) One portion of a
fruit that spontaneously divides into halves.

||Hem`i*cer"e*brum (?), n. [Hemi-  + cerebrum.] (Anat.) A lateral half
||of the cerebrum. Wilder.

Hem`i*col"lin (?), n. [Hemi- + collin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See
Semiglutin.

||Hem`i*cra"ni*a (?), n. [L.: cf. F. hÈmicr‚nie. See Cranium, and
||Megrim.] (Med.) A pain that affects only one side of the head.

Hem"i*cra`ny (?), n. (Med.) Hemicranis.

Hem"i*cy`cle (?), n. [L. hemicyclus, Gr. &?;; &?; + &?;.] 1. A half
circle; a semicircle.

<! p. 685 !>

2. A semicircular place, as a semicircular arena, or room, or part of a
room.

    The collections will be displayed in the hemicycle of the central
    pavilion.


London Academy.

Hem`i*dac"tyl (?), n. [See Hemi- , and Dactyl.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of
Old World geckoes of the genus Hemidactylus. The hemidactyls have
dilated toes, with two rows of plates beneath.

Hem`i-dem`i-sem"i*quaver (?), n. [Hemi- + demi-semiquaver.] (Mus.) A
short note, equal to one fourth of a semiquaver, or the sixty-fourth
part of a whole note.

Hem`i*di"tone (?), n. [Hemi- + ditone.] (Gr. Mus.) The lesser third.
Busby.

He*mig"a*mous (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; marriage.] (Bot.) Having one of
the two florets in the same spikelet neuter, and the other unisexual,
whether male or female; -- said of grasses.

Hem"i*glyph (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; a carving.] (Arch.) The half
channel or groove in the edge of the triglyph in the Doric order.

Hem`i*he"dral (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit.]
(Crystallog.) Having half of the similar parts of a crystals, instead
of all; consisting of half the planes which full symmetry would
require, as when a cube has planes only on half of its eight solid
angles, or one plane out of a pair on each of its edges; or as in the
case of a tetrahedron, which is hemihedral to an octahedron, it being
contained under four of the planes of an octahedron. --
Hem`i*he"dral*ly, adv.

Hem`i*he"drism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing
hemihedrally.

Hem`i*he"dron (?), n. (Crystallog.) A solid hemihedrally derived. The
tetrahedron is a hemihedron.

Hem`i*hol`o*he"dral (?), a. [Hemi-  + holohedral.] (Crystallog.)
Presenting hemihedral forms, in which half the sectants have the full
number of planes.

Hem`i*mel*lit"ic (?), a. [Hemi- + mellitic.] (Chem.) Having half as
many (three) carboxyl radicals as mellitic acid; -- said of an organic
acid.

||Hem`i*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hemi-, and Metabola.] (Zoˆl.)
||Those insects which have an incomplete metamorphosis.

Hem`i*met`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having an incomplete metamorphosis,
the larvÊ differing from the adults chiefly in laking wings, as in the
grasshoppers and cockroaches.

Hem`i*mor"phic (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; form.] (Crystallog.) Having the
two ends modified with unlike planes; -- said of a crystal.

He"min (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, in the
form of reddish brown, microscopic, prismatic crystals, formed from
dried blood by the action of strong acetic acid and common salt; --
called also Teichmann's crystals. Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of
hematin.

The obtaining of these small crystals, from old blood clots or
suspected blood stains, constitutes one of the best evidences of the
presence of blood.

||He*mi"na (?), n.; pl. HeminÊ (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.)
||A measure of half a sextary. Arbuthnot.

2. (Med.) A measure equal to about ten fluid ounces.

||He*mi"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a half ass, a mule.] (Zoˆl.) A
||wild ass found in Thibet; the kiang. Darwin.

{ ||Hem`i*o"pi*a (?), Hem`i*op"si*a (?), } n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; half +
Gr. &?; sight.] (Med.) A defect of vision in consequence of which a
person sees but half of an object looked at.

Hem`i*or"tho*type (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; straight + -type.] Same as
Monoclinic.

Hem`i*pep"tone (?), n. [Hemi- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.) A product of
the gastric and pancreatic digestion of albuminous matter.

Unlike antipeptone it is convertible into leucin and tyrosin, by the
continued action of pancreatic juice. See Peptone. It is also formed
from hemialbumose and albumin by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric
acid.

||Hem`i*ple"gi*a (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; half + &?; a stroke; cf.
||F. hÈmiplagie.] (Med.) A palsy that affects one side only of the
||body. -- Hem`i"pleg"ic (#), a.

Hem"i*ple`gy (?), n. (Med.) Hemiplegia.

Hem"i*pode (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoˆl.) Any bird of
the genus Turnix. Various species inhabit Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Hem`i*pro"te*in (?), n. [Hemi- + protein.] (Physiol. Chem.) An
insoluble, proteid substance, described by Sch¸tzenberger, formed when
albumin is heated for some time with dilute sulphuric acid. It is
apparently identical with antialbumid and dyspeptone.

He*mip"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. hÈmiptËres, pl.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
Hemiptera.

||He*mip"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; half + &?; wing, fr. &?;
||to fly.] (Zoˆl.) An order of hexapod insects having a jointed
||proboscis, including four sharp stylets (mandibles and maxillÊ), for
||piercing. In many of the species (Heteroptera) the front wings are
||partially coriaceous, and different from the others.

They are divided into the Heteroptera, including the squash bug,
soldier bug, bedbug, etc.; the Homoptera, including the cicadas, cuckoo
spits, plant lice, scale insects, etc.; the Thysanoptera, including the
thrips, and, according to most recent writers, the Pediculina or true
lice.

{ He*mip"ter*al (?), He*mip"ter*ous (?), } a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining
to the Hemiptera.

He*mip"ter*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Hemiptera; an hemipter.

Hem`i*sect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemisected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hemisecting.] [Hemi- + L. secare to cut.] (Anat.) To divide along the
mesial plane.

Hem`i*sec"tion (?), n. (Anat.) A division along the mesial plane; also,
one of the parts so divided.

Hem"i*sphere (?), n. [L. hemisphaerium, Gr. &?;; &?; half = &?; sphere:
cf. F. hÈmisphËre. See Hemi-, and Sphere.] 1. A half sphere; one half
of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its
center.

2. Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map
or picture.

3. The people who inhabit a hemisphere.

    He died . . . mourned by a hemisphere.


J. P. Peters.

Cerebral hemispheres. (Anat.) See Brain. -- Magdeburg hemispheres
(Physics), two hemispherical cups forming, when placed together, a
cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by an air pump; -- used to
illustrate the pressure of the air. So called because invented by Otto
von Guericke at Magdeburg.

{ Hem`i*spher"ic (?), Hem`i*spher"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
hÈmisphÈrique.] Containing, or pertaining to, a hemisphere; as, a
hemispheric figure or form; a hemispherical body.

Hem`i*sphe"roid (?), n. [Hemi- + spheroid.] A half of a spheroid.

Hem`i*sphe*roid"al (?), a. Resembling, or approximating to, a
hemisphere in form.

Hem`i*spher"ule (?), n. A half spherule.

Hem"i*stich (?; 277), n. [L. hemistichium, Gr. "hmisti`chion; "hmi-
half + sti`chos row, line, verse: cf. F. hÈmistiche.] Half a poetic
verse or line, or a verse or line not completed.

He*mis"ti*chal (?), a. Pertaining to, or written in, hemistichs; also,
by, or according to, hemistichs; as, a hemistichal division of a verse.

Hem`i*sys"to*le (?), n. (Physiol.) Contraction of only one ventricle of
the heart.

Hemisystole is noticed in rare cases of insufficiency of the mitral
valve, in which both ventricles at times contract simultaneously, as in
a normal heart, this condition alternating with contraction of the
right ventricle alone; hence, intermittent hemisystole.

Hem"i*tone (?), n. [L. hemitonium, Gr. &?;.] See Semitone.

{ He*mit"ro*pal (?), He*mit"ro*pous (?), } a. [See Hemitrope.] 1.
Turned half round; half inverted.

2. (Bot.) Having the raphe terminating about half way between the
chalaza and the orifice; amphitropous; -- said of an ovule. Gray.

Hem"i*trope (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. &?; to turn: cf. F. hÈmitrope.] Half
turned round; half inverted; (Crystallog.) having a twinned structure.

Hem"i*trope, n. That which is hemitropal in construction; (Crystallog.)
a twin crystal having a hemitropal structure.

He*mit"ro*py (?), n. (Crystallog.) Twin composition in crystals.

Hem"lock (?), n. [OE. hemeluc, humloc, AS. hemlic, hymlic.] 1. (Bot.)
The name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs having finely cut
leaves and small white flowers, as the Cicuta maculata, bulbifera, and
virosa, and the Conium maculatum. See Conium.

The potion of hemlock administered to Socrates is by some thought to
have been a decoction of Cicuta virosa, or water hemlock, by others, of
Conium maculatum.

2. (Bot.) An evergreen tree common in North America (Abies, or Tsuga,
Canadensis); hemlock spruce.

    The murmuring pines and the hemlocks.


Longfellow.

3. The wood or timber of the hemlock tree.

Ground hemlock, or Dwarf hemlock. See under Ground.

Hem"mel (?), n. [Scot. hemmel, hammel, Prov. E. hemble hovel, stable,
shed, perh. allied to D. hemel heaven, canopy, G. himmel; cf. E.
heaven. &radic;14.] A shed or hovel for cattle. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Hem"mer (?), n. One who, or that which, hems with a needle.
Specifically: (a) An attachment to a sewing machine, for turning under
the edge of a piece of fabric, preparatory to stitching it down. (b) A
tool for turning over the edge of sheet metal to make a hem.

Hem"o- (?). Same as HÊma-, HÊmo-.

Hem"o*glo"bin (?), n. [Hemo- + globe.] (Physiol.) The normal coloring
matter of the red blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is
composed of hematin and globulin, and is also called hÊmatoglobulin. In
arterial blood, it is always combined with oxygen, and is then called
oxyhemoglobin. It crystallizes under different forms from different
animals, and when crystallized, is called hÊmatocrystallin. See Blood
crystal, under Blood.

Hem`o*glo"bin*om"e*ter (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as
HÊmochromometer.

||Hem`o*phil"i*a (?), n. See Hematophilia.

He*mop"ty*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma blood + &?; to spit: cf. F.
hÈmoptysie.] (Med.) The expectoration of blood, due usually to
hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the lungs.

Hem"or*rhage (?), n. [L. haemorrhagia, Gr. a"imorragi`a; a"i^ma blood +
"rhgny`nai to break, burst: cf. F. hÈmorragie, hÈmorrhagie.] (Med.) Any
discharge of blood from the blood vessels.

The blood circulates in a system of closed tubes, the rupture of which
gives rise to hemorrhage.

Hem`or*rhag"ic (?), a. [Gr. a"imorragiko`s: cf. F. hÈmorrhagique.]
Pertaining or tending to a flux of blood; consisting in, or accompanied
by, hemorrhage.

Hem`or*rhoid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. hÈmorroÔdal, hÈmorrhoÔdal.] 1. Of or
pertaining to, or of the nature of, hemorrhoids.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rectum; rectal; as, the hemorrhoidal
arteries, veins, and nerves.

Hem"or*rhoids (?), n. pl. [L. haemorrhoidae, pl., Gr. &?;, sing., &?;
(sc. &?;), pl., veins liable to discharge blood, hemorrhoids, fr. &?;
flowing with blood; a"i^ma blood + &?; to flow: cf. F. hÈmorroÔdes,
hÈmorrhoÔdes. See Rheum.] (Med.) Livid and painful swellings formed by
the dilation of the blood vessels around the margin of, or within, the
anus, from which blood or mucus is occasionally discharged; piles;
emerods. [The sing. hemorrhoid is rarely used.]

Hem`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Hemo- + Gr. statiko`s causing to stand, fr. &?;
to stand.] 1. (Med.) Of or relating to stagnation of the blood.

2. Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic.

Hem`o*stat"ic, n. A medicine or application to arrest hemorrhage.

Hem`o*tho"rax (?), n. [NL. See Hemo- , and Thorax.] (Med.) An effusion
of blood into the cavity of the pleura.

Hemp (hmp), n. [OE. hemp, AS. henep, hÊnep; akin to D. hennep, OHG.
hanaf, G. hanf, Icel. hampr, Dan. hamp, Sw. hampa, L. cannabis,
cannabum, Gr. ka`nnabis, ka`nnabos; cf. Russ. konoplia, Skr. Áaa; all
prob. borrowed from some other language at an early time. Cf.
Cannabine, Canvas.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cannabis (C.
sativa), the fibrous skin or bark of which is used for making cloth and
cordage. The name is also applied to various other plants yielding
fiber.

2. The fiber of the skin or rind of the plant, prepared for spinning.
The name has also been extended to various fibers resembling the true
hemp.

African hemp, Bowstring hemp. See under African, and Bowstring. --
Bastard hemp, the Asiatic herb Datisca cannabina. -- Canada hemp, a
species of dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum), the fiber of which was used
by the Indians. -- Hemp agrimony, a coarse, composite herb of Europe
(Eupatorium cannabinum), much like the American boneset. -- Hemp
nettle, a plant of the genus Galeopsis (G. Tetrahit), belonging to the
Mint family. -- Indian hemp. See under Indian, a. -- Manila hemp, the
fiber of Musa textilis. -- Sisal hemp, the fiber of Agave sisalana, of
Mexico and Yucatan. -- Sunn hemp, a fiber obtained from a leguminous
plant (Crotalaria juncea). -- Water hemp, an annual American weed
(Acnida cannabina), related to the amaranth.

Hemp"en (-'n), a. 1. Made of hemp; as, a hempen cord.

2. Like hemp. "Beat into a hempen state." Cook.

Hemp"y (?), a. Like hemp. [R.] Howell.

Hem*self" (?), Hem*selve" (&?;), Hem*selv"en (&?;), pron. pl. [See Hem,
pron.] Themselves; -- used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hem"stitch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemstitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hemstitching.] [Hem + stitch.] To ornament at the head of a broad hem
by drawing out a few parallel threads, and fastening the cross threads
in successive small clusters; as, to hemstitch a handkerchief.

Hem"stitched (?), a. Having a broad hem separated from the body of the
article by a line of open work; as, a hemistitched handkerchief.

He"muse (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The roebuck in its third year. [Prov. Eng.]

Hen (?), n. [AS. henn, hen, hÊn; akin to D. hen, OHG. henna, G. henne,
Icel. h&?;na, Dan. hˆna; the fem. corresponding to AS. hana cock, D.
haan, OHG. hano, G. hahn, Icel. hani, Dan. & Sw. hane. Prob. akin to L.
canere to sing, and orig. meaning, a singer. Cf. Chanticleer.] (Zoˆl.)
The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse, pheasants,
or any kind of birds; as, the heath hen; the gray hen.

Used adjectively or in combination to indicate the female; as, hen
canary, hen eagle, hen turkey, peahen.

Hen clam. (Zoˆl.) (a) A clam of the Mactra, and allied genera; the sea
clam or surf clam. See Surf clam. (b) A California clam of the genus
Pachydesma. -- Hen driver. See Hen harrier (below). -- Hen harrier
(Zoˆl.), a hawk (Circus cyaneus), found in Europe and America; --
called also dove hawk, henharm, henharrow, hen driver, and usually, in
America, marsh hawk. See Marsh hawk. -- Hen hawk (Zoˆl.), one of
several species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American
red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis), the red-shouldered hawk (B.
lineatus), and the goshawk.

Hen"bane` (?), n. [Hen + bane.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Hyoscyamus
(H. niger). All parts of the plant are poisonous, and the leaves are
used for the same purposes as belladonna. It is poisonous to domestic
fowls; whence the name. Called also, stinking nightshade, from the
fetid odor of the plant. See Hyoscyamus.

Hen"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) A weed of the genus Lamium (L. amplexicaule)
with deeply crenate leaves.

Hence (?), adv. [OE. hennes, hens (the s is prop. a genitive ending;
cf. - wards), also hen, henne, hennen, heonnen, heonene, AS. heonan,
heonon, heona, hine; akin to OHG. hinnn, G. hinnen, OHG. hina, G. hin;
all from the root of E. he. See He.] 1. From this place; away. "Or that
we hence wend." Chaucer.

    Arise, let us go hence.


John xiv. 31.

    I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles.


Acts xxii. 21.

2. From this time; in the future; as, a week hence. "Half an hour
hence." Shak.

<! p. 686 !>

3. From this reason; as an inference or deduction.

    Hence, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord the
    beginning of wisdom.


Tillotson.

4. From this source or origin.

    All other faces borrowed hence Their light and grace.


Suckling.

    Whence come wars and fightings among you? Come they not hence, even
    of your lusts?


James. iv. 1.

Hence is used, elliptically and imperatively, for go hence; depart
hence; away; be gone. "Hence with your little ones." Shak. -- From
hence, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage of good
writers.

    An ancient author prophesied from hence.


Dryden.

    Expelled from hence into a world Of woe and sorrow.


Milton.

Hence (?), v. t. To send away. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Hence`forth" (?), adv. From this time forward; henceforward.

    I never from thy side henceforth to stray.


Milton.

Hence`for"ward (?), adv. From this time forward; henceforth.

Hench"boy` (hnch"boi`), n. A page; a servant. [Obs.]

Hench"man (-man), n.; pl. -men (#). [OE. hencheman, henxman; prob. fr.
OE. & AS. hengest horse + E. man, and meaning, a groom. AS. hengest is
akin to D. & G. hengst stallion, OHG. hengist horse, gelding.] An
attendant; a servant; a follower. Now chiefly used as a political cant
term.

Hen"coop` (?), n. A coop or cage for hens.

Hende (?), a. [OE., near, handy, kind, fr. AS. gehende near, fr. hand
hand. See Handy.] 1. Skillful; dexterous; clever. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Friendly; civil; gentle; kind. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hen*dec"a*gon (?), n. [Gr. &?; eleven + &?; angle: cf. F. hendÈcagone.]
(Geom.) A plane figure of eleven sides and eleven angles. [Written also
endecagon.]

Hen"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. "e`ndeka eleven.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon,
C11H24, of the paraffin series; -- so called because it has eleven
atoms of carbon in each molecule. Called also endecane, undecane.

Hen*dec`a*syl*lab"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a line of eleven syllables.

Hen*dec"a*syl`la*ble (?), n. [L. hendecasyllabus, Gr. &?;
eleven-syllabled; &?; eleven + &?; syllable: cf. F. hendÈcasyllabe.] A
metrical line of eleven syllables. J. Warton.

Hen*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [See Hendecane.] (Chem.) Undecylic; pertaining
to, or derived from, hendecane; as, hendecatoic acid.

Hen*di"a*dys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; &?; &?; one by two.] (Gram.) A
figure in which the idea is expressed by two nouns connected by and,
instead of by a noun and limiting adjective; as, we drink from cups and
gold, for golden cups.

Hen"dy (?), a. [Obs.] See Hende.

Hen"en (?), adv. Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hen"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A marine fish; the sea bream. (b) A young
bib. See Bib, n., 2.

Heng (?), obs. imp. of Hang. Hung. Chaucer.

Hen"-heart`ed (?), a. Cowardly; timid; chicken-hearted. Udall.

Hen"house` (?), n.; pl. Henhouses. A house or shelter for fowls.

Hen"hus`sy (?), n. A cotquean; a man who intermeddles with women's
concerns.

He*ni"quen (?), n. See Jeniquen.

Hen"na (?), n. [Ar. hinn alcanna (Lawsonia inermis or alba). Cf.
Alcanna, Alkanet, Orchanet.]

1. (Bot.) A thorny tree or shrub of the genus Lawsonia (L. alba). The
fragrant white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious
ceremonies. The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in
the East to stain the nails and fingers, the manes of horses, etc.

2. (Com.) The leaves of the henna plant, or a preparation or dyestuff
made from them.

Hen"ner*y (?), n. An inclosed place for keeping hens. [U. S.]

Hen"nes (?), adv. Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hen`no*tan"nic (?), a. [Henna + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a brown resinous substance resembling tannin, and
extracted from the henna plant; as, hennotannic acid.

{ He*nog"e* ny (?), Hen`o*gen"e*sis (?), } n. [Gr. e"i`s, masc., "e`n,
neut., one + root of &?; to be born.] (Biol.) Same as Ontogeny.

Hen"o*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. e"i`s, "enos`, one + E. theism.] Primitive
religion in which each of several divinities is regarded as
independent, and is worshiped without reference to the rest. [R.]

He*not"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to unite, fr. e"i`s one.]
Harmonizing; irenic. Gladstone.

Hen"peck` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Henpecked (?); p. pr. & vb.
Henpecking.] To subject to petty authority; -- said of a wife who thus
treats her husband. Commonly used in the past participle (often
adjectively).

Hen"roost` (?), n. A place where hens roost.

Hen"ry (?), n.; pl. Henrys. [From Joseph Henry, an American physicist.]
The unit of electric induction; the induction in a circuit when the
electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one volt, while the
inducing current varies at the rate of one ampËre a second.

Hen's-foot` (&?;), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Caucalis
daucoides).

Hent (hnt), v. t. [imp. Hente; p. p. Hent.] [OE. hente, henten, fr. AS.
hentan, gehentan, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel. henda, Goth. hinpan
(in compos.), and E. hunt.] To seize; to lay hold on; to catch; to get.
[Obs.] Piers Plowman. Spenser.

    This cursed Jew him hente and held him fast.


Chaucer.

    But all that he might of his friendes hente On bookes and on
    learning he it spente.


Chaucer.

Hen"ware` (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse, blackish seaweed. See Badderlocks.

Henx"man (?), n. Henchman. [Obs.]

Hep (?), n. See Hip, the fruit of the dog-rose.

||He"par (?), n. [L. hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Old
||Chem.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown color,
||sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing sulphur with
||carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium), and consists essentially
||of alkaline sulphides. Called also hepar sulphuris (&?;).

2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance; specifically,
in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also hepar sulphuris calcareum
(&?;).

Hepar antimonii (&?;) (Old Chem.), a substance, of a liver-brown color,
obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with alkaline sulphides,
and consisting of sulphantimonites of the alkalies; -- called also
liver of antimony.

He*pat"ic (?), a. [L. hepaticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the liver; akin to L.
jecur, Skr. yak&?;t: cf. F. hÈpatique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the
liver; as, hepatic artery; hepatic diseases.

2. Resembling the liver in color or in form; as, hepatic cinnabar.

3. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the plants called HepaticÊ, or
scale mosses and liverworts.

Hepatic duct (Anat.), any biliary duct; esp., the duct, or one of the
ducts, which carries the bile from the liver to the cystic and common
bile ducts. See Illust., under Digestive. -- Hepatic gas (Old Chem.),
sulphureted hydrogen gas. -- Hepatic mercurial ore, or Hepatic
cinnabar. See under Cinnabar.

||He*pat"i*ca (?), n.; pl. HepaticÊ (#). [NL. See Hepatic. So called in
||allusion to the shape of the lobed leaves or fronds.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of pretty spring flowers closely related to Anemone;
squirrel cup.

2. (bot.) Any plant, usually procumbent and mosslike, of the
cryptogamous class HepaticÊ; -- called also scale moss and liverwort.
See HepaticÊ, in the Supplement.

He*pat"ic*al, a. Hepatic. [R.]

Hep"a*tite (?; 277), n. [L. hepatitis an unknown precious stone, Gr.
&?;, fr. &?;, &?;, the liver: cf. F. hÈpatite.] (Min.) A variety of
barite emitting a fetid odor when rubbed or heated.

||Hep`a*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, liver + -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the liver.

Hep`a*ti*za"tion (?), n. 1. (Chem.) Impregnating with sulphureted
hydrogen gas. [Obs.]

2. [Cf. F. hÈpatisation.] (Med.) Conversion into a substance resembling
the liver; a state of the lungs when gorged with effused matter, so
that they are no longer pervious to the air.

Hep"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hepatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hepatizing (?).] [Gr. &?; to be like the liver, to be liver-colored,
fr. &?;, &?;, the liver: cf. E. hepatite, and (for sense 2) F.
hÈpatiser.] 1. To impregnate with sulphureted hydrogen gas, formerly
called hepatic gas.

    On the right . . . were two wells of hepatized water.


Barrow.

2. To gorge with effused matter, as the lungs.

He*pat"o*cele (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the liver + &?; tumor.] (Med.)
Hernia of the liver.

Hep`a*to*cys"tic (?), a. [Hepatic + cystic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining
to the liver and gall bladder; as, the hepatocystic ducts.

Hep`a*to*gas"tric (?), a. [Hepatic + gastric.] (Anat.) See
Gastrohepatic.

{ Hep`a*to*gen"ic (?), Hep`a*tog"e*nous (?), } a. [Gr. "h^par,
"h`patos, the liver + root of gi`gnesthai to be born] (Med.) Arising
from the liver; due to a condition of the liver; as, hepatogenic
jaundice.

Hep`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + -logy.] The
science which treats of the liver; a treatise on the liver.

Hep"a*to-pan"cre*as (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + E.
pancreas.] (Zoˆl.) A digestive gland in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc.,
usually called the liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates.

Hep`a*to*re"nal (?), a. [Hepatic + renal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
the liver and kidneys; as, the hepatorenal ligament.

Hep`a*tos"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?;; fr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + &?;
to view: cf. F. hÈpatoscopie.] Divination by inspecting the liver of
animals.

Hep"pen (?), a. [Cf. AS. gehÊp fit, Icel. heppinn lucky, E. happy.]
Neat; fit; comfortable. [Obs.]

Hep"per (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A young salmon; a parr.

Hep"ta (?). [See Seven.] A combining form from Gr. "epta`, seven.

Hep"ta*chord (?), n. [Gr. "epta`xordos seven-stringed; "epta` seven +
xordh` chord: cf. F. heptacorde. See Seven, and Chord.] 1. (Anc. Mus.)
(a) A system of seven sounds. (b) A lyre with seven chords.

2. (Anc. Poet.) A composition sung to the sound of seven chords or
tones. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Hep"tad (?), n. [L. heptas the number seven. Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. "epta`
seven.] (Chem.) An atom which has a valence of seven, and which can be
theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, seven
monad atoms or radicals; as, iodine is a heptad in iodic acid. Also
used as an adjective.

Hep"tade (?), n. [Cf. F. heptade. See Heptad.] The sum or number of
seven.

Hep"ta*glot (?), n. [Gr. &?;; "epta` seven + 3, &?;, tongue, language.]
A book in seven languages.

Hep"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. &?; sevencornered; "epta` seven + &?; angle:
cf. F. heptagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure consisting of seven sides and
having seven angles.

Hep*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. heptagonal.] Having seven angles or
sides.

Heptagonal numbers (Arith.), the numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34,
55, etc., being figurate numbers formed by adding successively the
terms of the arithmetical series 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc.

||Hep`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + &?; woman,
||female: cf. F. heptagunie.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan order of plants having
||seven pistils.

{ Hep`ta*gyn"i*an (?), Hep*tag"y*nous (?), } a. [Cf. F. heptagyne.]
(Bot.) Having seven pistils.

Hep`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Hepta- + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit:
cf. F. heptaËdre.] (Geom.) A solid figure with seven sides.

Hep*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. &?; part.] (Bot.) Consisting of
seven parts, or having the parts in sets of sevens. Gray.

||Hep*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + &?;, &?;, man,
||male: cf. F. heptandrie.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan class of plants having
||seven stamens.

{ Hep*tan"dri*an (?), Hep*tan"drous (?), } a. [Cf. F. heptandre.]
(Bot.) Having seven stamens.

Hep"tane (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Any one of several
isometric hydrocarbons, C7H16, of the paraffin series (nine are
possible, four are known); -- so called because the molecule has seven
carbon atoms. Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent
of petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc.

Hep*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Hepta- + angular: cf. F. heptangulaire. Cf.
Septangular.] Having seven angles.

Hep*taph"yl*lous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. &?; leaf: cf. F. heptaphylle.]
(Bot.) Having seven leaves.

Hep"tarch (?), n. Same as Heptarchist.

Hep*tar"chic (?), a. [Cf. F. heptarchique.] Of or pertaining to a
heptarchy; constituting or consisting of a heptarchy. T. Warton.

Hep"tarch*ist (?), n. A ruler of one division of a heptarchy. [Written
also heptarch.]

Hep"tarch*y (?), n. [Hepta- + -archy: cf. F. heptarchie.] A government
by seven persons; also, a country under seven rulers.

The word is most commonly applied to England, when it was divided into
seven kingdoms; as, the Saxon heptachy, which consisted of Kent, the
South Saxons (Sussex), West Saxons (Wessex), East Saxons (Essex), the
East Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland.

Hep`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. &?; a seed.] (Bot.) Having seven
seeds.

Hep"ta*stich (?), n. [Hepta- + Gr. sti`chos line, verse.] (Pros.) A
composition consisting of seven lines or verses.

Hep"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. heptateuchos, Gr. "epta` seven + &?; tool,
book; &?; to prepare, make, work: cf. F. heptateuque.] The first seven
books of the Testament.

Hep*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Hepta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.) Having seven units of attractive force or affinity; -- said of
heptad elements or radicals.

Hep"tene (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Same as Heptylene.

Hep"tine (?), n. [Heptane + - ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of
unsaturated metameric hydrocarbons, C7H12, of the acetylene series.

Hep*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptane; as,
heptoic acid.

Hep"tone (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon,
C7H10, of the valylene series.

Hep" tree` (?). [See Hep.] The wild dog- rose.

Hep"tyl (?), n. [Hepta- + - yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C7H15,
regarded as the essential radical of heptane and a related series of
compounds.

Hep"tyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, C7H14, of
the ethylene series; also, any one of its isomers. Called also heptene.

Hep*tyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptyl or
heptane; as, heptylic alcohol. Cf. ånanthylic.

Her (?), pron. & a. [OE. hire, here, hir, hure, gen. and dat. sing.,
AS. hire, gen. and dat. sing. of hÈo she. from the same root as E. he.
See He.] The form of the objective and the possessive case of the
personal pronoun she; as, I saw her with her purse out.

The possessive her takes the form hers when the noun with which in
agrees is not given, but implied. "And what his fortune wanted, hers
could mend." Dryden.

Her, Here (&?;), pron. pl. [OE. here, hire, AS. heora, hyra, gen. pl.
of h. See He.] Of them; their. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

    On here bare knees adown they fall.


Chaucer.

He*rac"le*on*ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Heracleon of
Alexandria, a Judaizing Gnostic, in the early history of the Christian
church.

He*rak"line (?), n. [Gr. &?; Hercules.] A picrate compound, used as an
explosive in blasting.

Her"ald (?), n. [OE. herald, heraud, OF. heralt, heraut, herault, F.
hÈraut, LL. heraldus, haraldus, fr. (assumed) OHG. heriwalto,
hariwaldo, a (civil) officer who serves the army; hari, heri, army +
waltan to manage, govern, G. walten; akin to E. wield. See Harry,
Wield.] 1. (Antiq.) An officer whose business was to denounce or
proclaim war, to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear
messages from the commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred
and inviolable character.

<! p. 687 !>

2. In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the above duties, and
also with the care of genealogies, of the rights and privileges of
noble families, and especially of armorial bearings. In modern times,
some vestiges of this office remain, especially in England. See
Heralds' College (below), and King-at-Arms.

3. A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes or announces; as,
the herald of another's fame. Shak.

4. A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger.

    It was the lark, the herald of the morn.


Shak.

5. Any messenger. "My herald is returned." Shak.

Heralds' College, in England, an ancient corporation, dependent upon
the crown, instituted or perhaps recognized by Richard III. in 1483,
consisting of the three Kings-at- Arms and the Chester, Lancaster,
Richmond, Somerset, Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl
Marshal. This retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial
bearings of persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies
and kindred subjects; -- called also College of Arms.

Her"ald (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heralded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heralding.]
[Cf. OF. herauder, heraulder.] To introduce, or give tidings of, as by
a herald; to proclaim; to announce; to foretell; to usher in. Shak.

He*ral"dic (?), a. [Cf. F. hÈraldique.] Of or pertaining to heralds or
heraldry; as, heraldic blazoning; heraldic language. T. Warton.

He*ral"dic*al*ly (?), adv. In an heraldic manner; according to the
rules of heraldry.

Her"ald*ry (?), n. The art or office of a herald; the art, practice, or
science of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns
armorial; also, of marshaling cavalcades, processions, and public
ceremonies.

Her"ald*ship, n. The office of a herald. Selden.

Her"a*path*ite (?), n. [Named after Dr. Herapath, the discoverer.]
(Chem.) The sulphate of iodoquinine, a substance crystallizing in thin
plates remarkable for their effects in polarizing light.

Her"aud (?), n. A herald. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Herb (?; 277), n. [OE. herbe, erbe, OF. herbe, erbe, F. herbe, L.
herba; perh. akin to Gr. forbh` food, pasture, fe`rbein to feed.] 1. A
plant whose stem does not become woody and permanent, but dies, at
least down to the ground, after flowering.

Annual herbs live but one season; biennial herbs flower the second
season, and then die; perennial herbs produce new stems year after
year.

2. Grass; herbage.

    And flocks Grazing the tender herb.


Milton.

Herb bennet. (Bot.) See Bennet. -- Herb Christopher (Bot.), an herb
(ActÊa spicata), whose root is used in nervous diseases; the baneberry.
The name is occasionally given to other plants, as the royal fern, the
wood betony, etc. -- Herb Gerard (Bot.), the goutweed; -- so called in
honor of St. Gerard, who used to be invoked against the gout. Dr.
Prior. -- Herb grace, or Herb of grace. (Bot.) See Rue. -- Herb
Margaret (Bot.), the daisy. See Marguerite. -- Herb Paris (Bot.), an
Old World plant related to the trillium (Paris quadrifolia), commonly
reputed poisonous. -- Herb Robert (Bot.), a species of Geranium (G.
Robertianum.)

Her*ba"ceous (?), a. [L. herbaceus grassy. See Herb.] Of or pertaining
to herbs; having the nature, texture, or characteristics, of an herb;
as, herbaceous plants; an herbaceous stem.

Herb"age (?; 48), n. [F. See Herb.]

1. Herbs collectively; green food beasts; grass; pasture. "Thin herbage
in the plaims." Dryden.

2. (Law.) The liberty or right of pasture in the forest or in the
grounds of another man. Blount.

Herb"aged (?), a. Covered with grass. Thomson.

Herb"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to herbs. Quarles.

Herb"al (?), n. 1. A book containing the names and descriptions of
plants. Bacon.

2. A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved; a hortus
siccus; an herbarium. Steele.

Herb"al*ism (?), n. The knowledge of herbs.

Herb"al*ist, n. One skilled in the knowledge of plants; a collector of,
or dealer in, herbs, especially medicinal herbs.

Herb"ar (?), n. An herb. [Obs.] Spenser.

Her*ba"ri*an (?), n. A herbalist.

Herb"a*rist (?), n. A herbalist. [Obs.]

Her*ba"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Herbariums (#), L. Herbaria (#). [LL., fr.
L. herba. See Herb, and cf. Arbor, Herbary.] 1. A collection of dried
specimens of plants, systematically arranged. Gray.

2. A book or case for preserving dried plants.

Herb"a*rize (?), v. t. See Herborize.

Herb"a*ry (?), n. [See Herbarium.] A garden of herbs; a cottage garden.
T. Warton.

Herb"er (?), n. [OF. herbier, LL. herbarium. See Herbarium.] A garden;
a pleasure garden. [Obs.] "Into an herber green." Chaucer.

Her"berg*age (?), n. [See Harborage.] Harborage; lodging; shelter;
harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"ber*geour (?), n. [See Harbinger.] A harbinger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"bergh (?), Her"ber*we (&?;), n. [See Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Her*bes"cent (?), a. [L. herbescens, p. pr. of herbescere.] Growing
into herbs.

Herb"id (?), a. [L. herbidus.] Covered with herbs. [Obs.] Bailey.

Her*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Herb + -ferous: cf. F. herbifÈre.] Bearing
herbs or vegetation.

Herb"ist (?), n. A herbalist.

||Her*biv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. herba herb + vorare to devour.]
||(Zoˆl.) An extensive division of Mammalia. It formerly included the
||Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla, but by
||later writers it is generally restricted to the two latter groups
||(Ungulata). They feed almost exclusively upon vegetation.

Her"bi*vore (?), n. [Cf. F. herbivore.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Herbivora.
P. H. Gosse.

Her*biv"o*rous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Eating plants; of or pertaining to the
Herbivora.

Herb"less (?), a. Destitute of herbs or of vegetation. J. Warton.

Herb"let (?), n. A small herb. Shak.

Her"bo*rist (?), n. [F. herboriste.] A herbalist. Ray.

Her`bo*ri*za"tion (?), n. [F. herborisation.] 1. The act of
herborizing.

2. The figure of plants in minerals or fossils.

Her"bo*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herborized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Herborizing (?).] [F. herboriser, for herbariser, fr. L. herbarium. See
Hebrarium.] To search for plants, or new species of plants, with a view
to classifying them.

    He herborized as he traveled.


W. Tooke.

Her"bo*rize, v. t. To form the figures of plants in; -- said in
reference to minerals. See Arborized.

    Herborized stones contain fine mosses.


Fourcroy (Trans.)

Her"bor*ough (?), n. [See Harborough, and Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

{ Her*bose" (?), Herb"ous (?), } a. [L. herbosus: cf. F. herbeux.]
Abounding with herbs. "Fields poetically called herbose." Byrom.

Herb"-wom`an (?), n.; pl. Herb-women (&?;). A woman that sells herbs.

Herb"y (?), a. Having the nature of, pertaining to, or covered with,
herbs or herbage. "Herby valleys." Chapman.

Her*cog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; a fence + &?; marriage.] (Bot.) Not
capable of self- fertilization; -- said of hermaphrodite flowers in
which some structural obstacle forbids autogamy.

Her*cu"le*an (?), a. [L. herculeus, fr. Hercules: cf. F. herculÈen. See
Hercules.]

1. Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very great, difficult, or
dangerous; as, an Herculean task.

2. Having extraordinary strength or size; as, Herculean limbs.
"Herculean Samson." Milton.

Her"cu*les (?), n. 1. (Gr. Myth.) A hero, fabled to have been the son
of Jupiter and Alcmena, and celebrated for great strength, esp. for the
accomplishment of his twelve great tasks or "labors."

2. (Astron.) A constellation in the northern hemisphere, near Lyra.

Hercules' beetle (Zoˆl.), any species of Dynastes, an American genus of
very large lamellicorn beetles, esp. D. hercules of South America,
which grows to a length of six inches. -- Hercules' club. (Bot.) (a) An
ornamental tree of the West Indies (Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis), of the
same genus with the prickly ash. (b) A variety of the common gourd
(Lagenaria vulgaris). Its fruit sometimes exceeds five feet in length.
(c) The Angelica tree. See under Angelica. -- Hercules powder, an
explosive containing nitroglycerin; -- used for blasting.

Her*cyn"i*an (?), a. [L. Hercynia silva, Hercynius saltus, the
Hercynian forest; cf. Gr. &?; &?;.] Of or pertaining to an extensive
forest in Germany, of which there are still portions in Swabia and the
Hartz mountains.

Herd (?), a. Haired. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Herd (?), n. [OE. herd, heord, AS. heord; akin to OHG. herta,G. herde,
Icel. hjˆr&?;, Sw. hjord, Dan. hiord, Goth. haÌrda; cf. Skr. Áardha
troop, host.]

1. A number of beasts assembled together; as, a herd of horses, oxen,
cattle, camels, elephants, deer, or swine; a particular stock or family
of cattle.

    The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea.


Gray.

Herd is distinguished from flock, as being chiefly applied to the
larger animals. A number of cattle, when driven to market, is called a
drove.

2. A crowd of low people; a rabble.

    But far more numerous was the herd of such Who think too little and
    who talk too much.


Dryden.

    You can never interest the common herd in the abstract question.


Coleridge.

Herd's grass (Bot.), one of several species of grass, highly esteemed
for hay. See under Grass.

Herd, n. [OE. hirde, herde, heorde, AS. hirde, hyrde, heorde; akin to
G. hirt, hirte, OHG. hirti, Icel. hir&?;ir, Sw. herde, Dan. hyrde,
Goth. haÌrdeis. See 2d Herd.] One who herds or assembles domestic
animals; a herdsman; -- much used in composition; as, a shepherd; a
goatherd, and the like. Chaucer.

Herd, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herded; p. pr. & vb. n. Herding.] [See 2d
Herd.] 1. To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or
in company; as, sheep herd on many hills.

2. To associate; to ally one's self with, or place one's self among, a
group or company.

    I'll herd among his friends, and seem One of the number.


Addison.

3. To act as a herdsman or a shepherd. [Scot.]

Herd, v. t. To form or put into a herd.

Herd"book` (?), n. A book containing the list and pedigrees of one or
more herds of choice breeds of cattle; -- also called herd record, or
herd register.

Herd"er (?), n. A herdsman. [R.]

Her"der*ite (?), n. [Named after Baron von Herder, who discovered it.]
(Min.) A rare fluophosphate of glucina, in small white crystals.

Herd"ess (?), n. A shepherdess; a female herder. Sir P. Sidney.
Chaucer.

Herd"groom` (?), n. A herdsman. [Obs.]

Her"dic (?), n. [Named from Peter Herdic, the inventor.] A kind of
low-hung cab.

{ Herd"man (?), Herds"man (?), } n.; pl. -men (&?;). The owner or
keeper of a herd or of herds; one employed in tending a herd of cattle.

Herds"wom`an (?), n.; pl. - women (&?;). A woman who tends a herd. Sir
W. Scott.

Here (?), n. Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Here (?), pron. 1. See Her, their. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Her; hers. See Her. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Here (?), adv. [OE. her, AS. h&?;r; akin to OS. h&?;r, D. hier, OHG.
hiar, G. hier, Icel. & Goth. h&?;r, Dan. her, Sw. h‰r; fr. root of E.
he. See He.] 1. In this place; in the place where the speaker is; --
opposed to there.

    He is not here, for he is risen.


Matt. xxviii. 6.

2. In the present life or state.

    Happy here, and more happy hereafter.


Bacon.

3. To or into this place; hither. [Colloq.] See Thither.

    Here comes Virgil.


B. Jonson.

    Thou led'st me here.


Byron.

4. At this point of time, or of an argument; now.

    The prisoner here made violent efforts to rise.


Warren.

Here, in the last sense, is sometimes used before a verb without
subject; as, Here goes, for Now (something or somebody) goes; --
especially occurring thus in drinking healths. "Here's [a health] to
thee, Dick." Cowley.

Here and there, in one place and another; in a dispersed manner;
irregularly. "Footsteps here and there." Longfellow. -- It is neither,
here nor there, it is neither in this place nor in that, neither in one
place nor in another; hence, it is to no purpose, irrelevant, nonsense.
Shak.

{ Here"a-bout` (?), Here"a*bouts` (?), } adv. 1. About this place; in
this vicinity.

2. Concerning this. [Obs.]

Here*aft"er (?), adv. [AS. hrÊfter.] In time to come; in some future
time or state.

    Hereafter he from war shall come.


Dryden.

Here*aft"er, n. A future existence or state.

    'Tis Heaven itself that points out an hereafter.


Addison.

Here*aft"er*ward (?), adv. Hereafter. [Obs.]

    Thou shalt hereafterward . . . come.


Chaucer.

Here-at" (?), adv. At, or by reason of, this; as, he was offended
hereat. Hooker.

Here*by" (?), adv. 1. By means of this.

    And hereby we do know that we know him.


1 John ii. 3.

2. Close by; very near. [Obs.] Shak.

He*red`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. State of being hereditable. Brydges.

He*red"i*ta*ble (?), a. [LL. hereditabilis, fr. hereditare to inherit,
fr. L. hereditas heirship inheritance, heres heir: cf. OF. hereditable.
See Heir, and cf. Heritable.] 1. Capable of being inherited. See
Inheritable. Locke.

2. Qualified to inherit; capable of inheriting.

He*red"i*ta*bly, adv. By inheritance. W. Tooke.

Her`e*dit"a*ment (?), n. [LL. hereditamentum. See Hereditable.] (Law)
Any species of property that may be inherited; lands, tenements,
anything corporeal or incorporeal, real, personal, or mixed, that may
descend to an heir. Blackstone.

A corporeal hereditament is visible and tangible; an incorporeal
hereditament is not in itself visible or tangible, being an hereditary
right, interest, or obligation, as duty to pay rent, or a right of way.

He*red"i*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. By inheritance; in an hereditary manner.
Pope.

He*red"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. hereditarius, fr. hereditas heirship,
inheritance, fr. heres heir: cf. F. hÈrÈditaire. See Heir.] 1.
Descended, or capable of descending, from an ancestor to an heir at
law; received or passing by inheritance, or that must pass by
inheritance; as, an hereditary estate or crown.

2. Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as a constitutional
quality or condition from a parent to a child; as, hereditary pride,
bravery, disease.

Syn. -- Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable.

He*red"i*ty (?), n. [L. hereditas heirship.] (Biol.) Hereditary
transmission of the physical and psychical qualities of parents to
their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to
repeat their characteristics in their descendants. See Pangenesis.

Her"e*ford (?), n. One of a breed of cattle originating in
Herefordshire, England. The Herefords are good working animals, and
their beef-producing quality is excellent.

Here"hence` (?), adv. From hence. [Obs.]

Here*in" (?), adv. [AS. h&?;rinne.] In this.

    Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit.


John xv. 8.

Here`in*aft"er (?), adv. In the following part of this (writing,
document, speech, and the like).

Here`in*be*fore", adv. In the preceding part of this (writing,
document, book, etc.).

Here`in*to" (?; 277), adv. Into this. Hooker.

{ Her"e*mit (?), Her"e*mite (?), } n. [See Hermit.] A hermit. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.

Her`e*mit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a hermit; solitary;
secluded from society. Pope.

Her"en (?), a. Made of hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Here*of" (?), adv. Of this; concerning this; from this; hence.

    Hereof comes it that Prince Harry is valiant.


Shak.

Here*on" (?), adv. On or upon this; hereupon.

Here*out" (?), adv. Out of this. [Obs.] Spenser.

Her"e*si*arch (?; 277), n. [L. haeresiarcha, Gr. &?;; &?; heresy + &?;
leader, &?; to lead: cf. F. hÈrÈsiarque.] A leader in heresy; the chief
of a sect of heretics. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Her"e*si*arch`y (?), n. A chief or great heresy. [R.]

    The book itself [the Alcoran] consists of heresiarchies against our
    blessed Savior.


Sir T. Herbert.

Her`e*si*og"ra*pher (?), n. [See Heresiography.] One who writes on
heresies.

Her`e*si*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; heresy + -graphy: cf. F.
hÈrÈsiographie.] A treatise on heresy.

Her"e*sy (?), n.; pl. Heresies (#). [OE. heresie, eresie, OF. heresie,
iresie, F. hÈrÈsie, L. haeresis, Gr. &?; a taking, a taking for one's
self, choosing, a choice, a sect, a heresy, fr. &?; to take, choose.]

<! p. 688 !>

1. An opinion held in opposition to the established or commonly
received doctrine, and tending to promote a division or party, as in
politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; -- usually, but not
necessarily, said in reproach.

    New opinions Divers and dangerous, which are heresies, And, not
    reformed, may prove pernicious.


Shak.

    After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the
    philosophers, disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many
    questions . . . because every man took what opinion he pleased,
    each several opinion was called a heresy; which signified no more
    than a private opinion, without reference to truth or falsehood.


Hobbes.

2. (Theol.) Religious opinion opposed to the authorized doctrinal
standards of any particular church, especially when tending to promote
schism or separation; lack of orthodox or sound belief; rejection of,
or erroneous belief in regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine
or truth; heterodoxy.

    Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts, From whence arise
    diversity of sects, And hateful heresies by God abhor'd.


Spenser.

    Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest heresy in
    the world is a wicked life.


Tillotson.

3. (Law) An offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of
some essential doctrine, which denial is publicly avowed, and
obstinately maintained.

    A second offense is that of heresy, which consists not in a total
    denial of Christianity, but of some its essential doctrines,
    publicly and obstinately avowed.


Blackstone.

"When I call dueling, and similar aberrations of honor, a moral heresy,
I refer to the force of the Greek &?;, as signifying a principle or
opinion taken up by the will for the will's sake, as a proof or pledge
to itself of its own power of self- determination, independent of all
other motives." Coleridge.

Her"e*tic (?), n. [L. haereticus, Gr. &?; able to choose, heretical,
fr. &?; to take, choose: cf. F. hÈrÈtique. See Heresy.] 1. One who
holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the
established faith or prevailing religion.

    A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition,
    reject.


Titus iii. 10.

2. (R. C. Ch.) One who having made a profession of Christian belief,
deliberately and pertinaciously refuses to believe one or more of the
articles of faith "determined by the authority of the universal
church." Addis & Arnold.

Syn. -- Heretic, Schismatic, Sectarian. A heretic is one whose errors
are doctrinal, and usually of a malignant character, tending to subvert
the true faith. A schismatic is one who creates a schism, or division
in the church, on points of faith, discipline, practice, etc., usually
for the sake of personal aggrandizement. A sectarian is one who
originates or is an ardent adherent and advocate of a sect, or distinct
organization, which separates from the main body of believers.

He*ret"i*cal (?), a. Containing heresy; of the nature of, or
characterized by, heresy.

He*ret"i*cal*ly, adv. In an heretical manner.

He*ret"i*cate (?), v. t. [LL. haereticatus, p. p. of haereticare.] To
decide to be heresy or a heretic; to denounce as a heretic or
heretical. Bp. Hall.

    And let no one be minded, on the score of my neoterism, to
    hereticate me.


Fitzed. Hall.

He*ret`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of hereticating or pronouncing
heretical. London Times.

Here*to" (?), adv. To this; hereunto. Hooker.

{ Her"e*toch (?), Her"e*tog (?), } n. [AS. heretoga, heretoha; here
army + teÛn to draw, lead; akin to OS. heritogo, OHG. herizogo, G.
herzog duke.] (AS. Antiq.) The leader or commander of an army; also, a
marshal. Blackstone.

Here`to*fore" (?), adv. Up to this time; hitherto; before; in time
past. Shak.

Here`un*to" (?), adv. Unto this; up to this time; hereto.

Here`up*on" (?), adv. On this; hereon.

Here*with" (?), adv. With this.

Her"ie (?), v. t. [See Hery.] To praise; to worship. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"i*ot (?), n. [AS. heregeatu military equipment, heriot; here army +
geatwe, pl., arms, equipments.] (Eng. Law) Formerly, a payment or
tribute of arms or military accouterments, or the best beast, or
chattel, due to the lord on the death of a tenant; in modern use, a
customary tribute of goods or chattels to the lord of the fee, paid on
the decease of a tenant. Blackstone. Bouvier.

Heriot custom, a heriot depending on usage. -- Heriot service (Law), a
heriot due by reservation in a grant or lease of lands. Spelman.
Blackstone.

Her"i*ot*a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of a heriot. Burn.

Her"is*son (?), n. [F. hÈrisson, prop., hedgehog.] (fort.) A beam or
bar armed with iron spikes, and turning on a pivot; -- used to block up
a passage.

Her`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being heritable.

Her"it*a*ble (?), a. [OF. hÈritable. See Heritage, Hereditable.] 1.
Capable of being inherited or of passing by inheritance; inheritable.

2. Capable of inheriting or receiving by inheritance.

    This son shall be legitimate and heritable.


Sir M. Hale.

Heritable rights (Scots Law), rights of the heir; rights to land or
whatever may be intimately connected with land; realty. Jacob (Law
Dict.).

Her"it*age (?), a. [OE. heritage, eritage, OF. heritage, eritage, F.
hÈritage, fr. hÈriter to inherit, LL. heriditare. See Hereditable.] 1.
That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance.

    Part of my heritage, Which my dead father did bequeath to me.


Shak.

2. (Script.) A possession; the Israelites, as God's chosen people;
also, a flock under pastoral charge. Joel iii. 2. 1 Peter v. 3.

Her"it*ance (?), n. [OF. heritance.] Heritage; inheritance. [R.]

    Robbing their children of the heritance Their fathers handed down


Southey.

Her"it*or (?), n. [Cf. LL. her&?;ator, fr. L. heres an heir.] A
proprietor or landholder in a parish. [Scot.]

Herl (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Harl, 2.

Her"ling, Hir"ling (&?;), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) The young of
the sea trout. [Prov. Eng.]

||Her"ma (?), n.; pl. HermÊ (#). [L.] See Hermes, 2.

Her*maph`ro*de"i*ty (?), n. Hermaphrodism. B. Jonson.

Her*maph"ro*dism (?), n. [Cf. F. hermaphrodisme.] (Biol.) See
Hermaphroditism.

Her*maph"ro*dite (?), n. [L. hermaphroditus, Gr. &?;, so called from
the mythical story that Hermaphroditus, son of Hermes and Aphrodite,
when bathing, became joined in one body with Salmacis, the nymph of a
fountain in Caria: cf. F. hermaphrodite.] (Biol.) An individual which
has the attributes of both male and female, or which unites in itself
the two sexes; an animal or plant having the parts of generation of
both sexes, as when a flower contains both the stamens and pistil
within the same calyx, or on the same receptacle. In some cases
reproduction may take place without the union of the distinct
individuals. In the animal kingdom true hermaphrodites are found only
among the invertebrates. See Illust. in Appendix, under Helminths.

Her*maph"ro*dite, a. Including, or being of, both sexes; as, an
hermaphrodite animal or flower.

Hermaphrodite brig. (Naut.) See under Brig. Totten.

{ Her*maph`ro*dit"ic (?), Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al (?), } a. (Biol.)
Partaking of the characteristics of both sexes; characterized by
hermaphroditism. -- Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al*ly, adv.

Her*maph"ro*dit*ism (?), n. (Biol.) The union of the two sexes in the
same individual, or the combination of some of their characteristics or
organs in one individual.

{ Her`me*neu"tic (?), Her`me*neu"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to
interpret: cf. F. hermÈneutique.] Unfolding the signification; of or
pertaining to interpretation; exegetical; explanatory; as, hermeneutic
theology, or the art of expounding the Scriptures; a hermeneutic
phrase.

Her`me*neu"tic*al*ly, adv. According to the principles of
interpretation; as, a verse of Scripture was examined hermeneutically.

Her`me*neu"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?; (sc. &?;).] The science of
interpretation and explanation; exegesis; esp., that branch of theology
which defines the laws whereby the meaning of the Scriptures is to be
ascertained. Schaff- Herzog Encyc.

Her"mes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Myth.) See Mercury.

Hermes Trismegistus [Gr. 'Ermh^s trisme`gistos, lit., Hermes thrice
greatest] was a late name of Hermes, especially as identified with the
Egyptian god Thoth. He was the fabled inventor of astrology and
alchemy.

2. (ArchÊology) Originally, a boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the
god of boundaries, and therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head
and shoulders, placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that
of the body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts
of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often
representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in later
times, for portraits of human beings. Called also herma. See Terminal
statue, under Terminal.

{ Her*met"ic (?), Her*met"ic*al (?), } a. [F. hermÈtique. See Note
under Hermes, 1.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or taught by, Hermes
Trismegistus; as, hermetic philosophy. Hence: Alchemical; chemic.
"Delusions of the hermetic art." Burke.

    The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make gold,
    considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called
    themselves Hermetic philosophers.


A. B. Buckley.

2. Of or pertaining to the system which explains the causes of diseases
and the operations of medicine on the principles of the hermetic
philosophy, and which made much use, as a remedy, of an alkali and an
acid; as, hermetic medicine.

3. Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so that no gas or
spirit can enter or escape; as, an hermetic seal. See Note under
Hermetically.

Hermetic art, alchemy. -- Hermetic books. (a) Books of the Egyptians,
which treat of astrology. (b) Books which treat of universal
principles, of the nature and orders of celestial beings, of medicine,
and other topics.

Her*met"ic*al*ly, adv. 1. In an hermetical manner; chemically. Boyle.

2. By fusion, so as to form an air-tight closure.

A vessel or tube is hermetically sealed when it is closed completely
against the passage of air or other fluid by fusing the extremity; --
sometimes less properly applied to any air-tight closure.

Her"mit (?), n. [OE. ermite, eremite, heremit, heremite, F. hermite,
ermite, L. eremita, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; lonely, solitary. Cf. Eremite.] 1.
A person who retires from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an
anchoret; especially, one who so lives from religious motives.

    He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign, took on
    him the habit of a hermit, and retired into this solitary spot.


Addison.

2. A beadsman; one bound to pray for another. [Obs.] "We rest your
hermits." Shak.

Hermit crab (Zoˆl.), a marine decapod crustacean of the family
PaguridÊ. The species are numerous, and belong to many genera. Called
also soldier crab. The hermit crabs usually occupy the dead shells of
various univalve mollusks. See Illust. of Commensal. -- Hermit thrush
(Zoˆl.), an American thrush (Turdus Pallasii), with retiring habits,
but having a sweet song. -- Hermit warbler (Zoˆl.), a California wood
warbler (Dendroica occidentalis), having the head yellow, the throat
black, and the back gray, with black streaks.

Her"mit*age (?; 48), n. [OE. hermitage, ermitage, F. hermitage,
ermitage. See Hermit.] 1. The habitation of a hermit; a secluded
residence.

    Some forlorn and naked hermitage, Remote from all the pleasures of
    the world.


Shak.

2. [F. Vin de l'Hermitage.] A celebrated French wine, both white and
red, of the Department of DrÙme.

Her"mit*a*ry (?), n. [Cf. LL. hermitorium, eremitorium.] A cell annexed
to an abbey, for the use of a hermit. Howell.

Her"mit*ess, n. A female hermit. Coleridge.

Her*mit"i*cal (?), a. Pertaining to, or suited for, a hermit. Coventry.

Her`mo*dac"tyl (?), n. [NL. hermodactylus, lit., Hermes' finger; fr.
Gr. &?; Hermes + &?; finger.] (med.) A heart-shaped bulbous root, about
the size of a finger, brought from Turkey, formerly used as a
cathartic.

Her`mo*ge"ni*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A disciple of Hermogenes, an
heretical teacher who lived in Africa near the close of the second
century. He held matter to be the fountain of all evil, and that souls
and spirits are formed of corrupt matter.

Hern (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A heron; esp., the common European heron. "A
stately hern." Trench.

Her*na"ni (?), n. A thin silk or woolen goods, for women's dresses,
woven in various styles and colors.

Herne (?), n. [AS. hyrne.] A corner. [Obs.]

    Lurking in hernes and in lanes blind.


Chaucer.

Her"ni*a (?), n.; pl. E. Hernias (#), L. HerniÊ (#). [L.] (Med.) A
protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from its
natural cavity, and projects through some natural or accidental opening
in the walls of the latter; as, hernia of the brain, of the lung, or of
the bowels. Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also
rupture.

Strangulated hernia, a hernia so tightly compressed in some part of the
channel through which it has been protruded as to arrest its
circulation, and produce swelling of the protruded part. It may occur
in recent or chronic hernia, but is more common in the latter.

Her"ni*al (?), a. Of, or connected with, hernia.

Her`ni*ot"o*my (?), n. [Hernia + Gr. &?; to cut.] (Med.) A cutting for
the cure or relief of hernia; celotomy.

Hern"shaw (?), n. Heronshaw. [Obs.] Spenser.

He"ro (?), n.; pl. Heroes (#). [F. hÈros, L. heros, Gr. &?;.] 1.
(Myth.) An illustrious man, supposed to be exalted, after death, to a
place among the gods; a demigod, as Hercules.

2. A man of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude
in suffering; a prominent or central personage in any remarkable action
or event; hence, a great or illustrious person.

    Each man is a hero and oracle to somebody.


Emerson.

3. The principal personage in a poem, story, and the like, or the
person who has the principal share in the transactions related; as
Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the Odyssey, and ∆neas in the ∆neid.

    The shining quality of an epic hero.


Dryden.

Hero worship, extravagant admiration for great men, likened to the
ancient worship of heroes.

    Hero worship exists, has existed, and will forever exist,
    universally among mankind.


Carlyle.

He*ro"di*an (?), n. (Jewish Hist.) One of a party among the Jews,
composed of partisans of Herod of Galilee. They joined with the
Pharisees against Christ.

||He*ro`di*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a heron.] (Zoˆl.) A
||division of wading birds, including the herons, storks, and allied
||forms. Called also Herodii. -- He*ro`di*o"nine (#), a.

He"ro*ess (?), n. A heroine. [Obs.] Dryden.

He*ro"ic (?), a. [F. hÈroÔque, L. heroÔcus, Gr. &?;.] 1. Of or
pertaining to, or like, a hero; of the nature of heroes; distinguished
by the existence of heroes; as, the heroic age; an heroic people;
heroic valor.

2. Worthy of a hero; bold; daring; brave; illustrious; as, heroic
action; heroic enterprises.

3. (Sculpture & Painting) Larger than life size, but smaller than
colossal; -- said of the representation of a human figure.

Heroic Age, the age when the heroes, or those called the children of
the gods, are supposed to have lived. -- Heroic poetry, that which
celebrates the deeds of a hero; epic poetry. -- Heroic treatment or
remedies (Med.), treatment or remedies of a severe character, suited to
a desperate case. -- Heroic verse (Pros.), the verse of heroic or epic
poetry, being in English, German, and Italian the iambic of ten
syllables; in French the iambic of twelve syllables; and in classic
poetry the hexameter.

Syn. -- Brave; intrepid; courageous; daring; valiant; bold; gallant;
fearless; enterprising; noble; magnanimous; illustrious.

He*ro"ic*al (?), a. Heroic. [R.] Spectator. -- He*ro"ic*al*ly, adv. --
He*ro"ic*al*ness, n.

<! p. 689 !>

He*ro"ic*ness (?), n. Heroism. [R.] W. Montagu.

{ He`ro*i*com"ic (?), He`ro*i*com"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. hÈroÔcomigue.
See Heroic, and Comic.] Combining the heroic and the ludicrous;
denoting high burlesque; as, a heroicomic poem.

Her"o*ine (?), n. [F. hÈroÔne, L. heroina, Gr. &?;, fem. of &?;. See
Hero.] 1. A woman of an heroic spirit.

    The heroine assumed the woman's place.


Dryden.

2. The principal female person who figures in a remarkable action, or
as the subject of a poem or story.

Her"o*ism (?; 277), n. [F. hÈroÔsme.] The qualities characteristic of a
hero, as courage, bravery, fortitude, unselfishness, etc.; the display
of such qualities.

    Heroism is the self-devotion of genius manifesting itself in
    action.


Hare.

Syn. -- Heroism, Courage, Fortitude, Bravery, Valor, Intrepidity,
Gallantry. Courage is generic, denoting fearlessness or defiance of
danger; fortitude is passive courage, the habit of bearing up nobly
under trials, danger, and sufferings; bravery is courage displayed in
daring acts; valor is courage in battle or other conflicts with living
opponents; intrepidity is firm courage, which shrinks not amid the most
appalling dangers; gallantry is adventurous courage, dashing into the
thickest of the fight. Heroism may call into exercise all these
modifications of courage. It is a contempt of danger, not from
ignorance or inconsiderate levity, but from a noble devotion to some
great cause, and a just confidence of being able to meet danger in the
spirit of such a cause. Cf. Courage.

Her"on (?), n. [OE. heiroun, heroun, heron, hern, OF. hairon, F. hÈron,
OHG. heigir; cf. Icel. hegri, Dan. heire, Sw. h‰ger, and also G. h‰her
jay, jackdaw, OHG. hehara, higere, woodpecker, magpie, D. reiger heron,
G. reiher, AS. hrgra. Cf. Aigret, Egret.] (Zoˆl.) Any wading bird of
the genus Ardea and allied genera, of the family ArdeidÊ. The herons
have a long, sharp bill, and long legs and toes, with the claw of the
middle toe toothed. The common European heron (Ardea cinerea) is
remarkable for its directly ascending flight, and was formerly hunted
with the larger falcons.

There are several common American species; as, the great blue heron
(Ardea herodias); the little blue (A. cúrulea); the green (A.
virescens); the snowy (A. candidissima); the night heron or qua-bird
(Nycticorax nycticorax). The plumed herons are called egrets.

Heron's bill (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erodium; -- so called from
the fancied resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the heron.

Her"on*er (?), n. A hawk used in hunting the heron. "Heroner and
falcon." Chaucer.

Her"on*ry (?), n. A place where herons breed.

Her"on*sew (?), n. A heronshaw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"on*shaw (?), n. [OF. heroncel, dim. of hÈron. See Heron.] (Zoˆl.) A
heron. [Written variously hernshaw, harnsey, etc.]

He`ro*ˆl"o*gist (?), n. [Gr. &?; + &?; discourse.] One who treats of
heroes. [R.] T. Warton.

He"ro*ship (?), n. The character or personality of a hero. "Three years
of heroship." Cowper.

Her"pes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "e`rphs, fr. "e`rpein to creep.] (Med.) An
eruption of the skin, taking various names, according to its form, or
the part affected; especially, an eruption of vesicles in small
distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling, including
shingles, ringworm, and the like; -- so called from its tendency to
creep or spread from one part of the skin to another.

Her*pet"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. herpÈtique.] Pertaining to, or resembling,
the herpes; partaking of the nature of herpes; as, herpetic eruptions.

Her"pe*tism (?), n. [See Herpes.] (Med.) See Dartrous diathesis, under
Dartrous.

{ Her*pet`o*log"ic (?), Her*pet`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to
herpetology.

Her`pe*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in herpetology, or the natural
history of reptiles.

Her`pe*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Written also, but less properly, erpetology.]
[Gr. &?; a creeping thing, reptile (fr. &?; to creep) + -logy: cf. F.
herpÈtologie.] The natural history of reptiles; that branch of zoˆlogy
which relates to reptiles, including their structure, classification,
and habits.

Her`pe*tot"o*mist (?), n. One who dissects, or studies the anatomy of,
reptiles.

Her`pe*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; a reptile + &?; to cut.] The anatomy
or dissection of reptiles.

||Herr (?), n. A title of respect given to gentlemen in Germany,
||equivalent to the English Mister.

Her"ring (?), n. [OE. hering, AS. hÊring; akin to D. haring, G. h‰ring,
hering, OHG. haring, hering, and prob. to AS. here army, and so called
because they commonly move in large numbers. Cf. Harry.] (Zoˆl.) One of
various species of fishes of the genus Clupea, and allied genera, esp.
the common round or English herring (C. harengus) of the North
Atlantic. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores
of Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great
quantities.

Herring gull (Zoˆl.), a large gull which feeds in part upon herrings;
esp., Larus argentatus in America, and L. cachinnans in England. See
Gull. -- Herring hog (Zoˆl.), the common porpoise. -- King of the
herrings. (Zoˆl.) (a) The chimÊra (C. monstrosa) which follows the
schools of herring. See ChimÊra. (b) The opah.

Her"ring*bone` (hr"rng*bn`), a. Pertaining to, or like, the spine of a
herring; especially, characterized by an arrangement of work in rows of
parallel lines, which in the alternate rows slope in different
directions.

Herringbone stitch, a kind of cross-stitch in needlework, chiefly used
in flannel. Simmonds.

Herrn"hut*er (hrn"h*r; G. hrn"h*r), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the
Moravians; -- so called from the settlement of Herrnhut (the Lord's
watch) made, about 1722, by the Moravians at the invitation of Nicholas
Lewis, count of Zinzendorf, upon his estate in the circle of Bautzen.

Hers (hrz), pron. See the Note under Her, pron.

Her"sal (?), n. Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Her"schel (?), n. (Astron.) See Uranus.

Her*sche"li*an (?), a. Of or relating to Sir William Herschel; as, the
Herschelian telescope.

Herse (hrs), n. [F. herse harrow, portcullis, OF. herce, LL. hercia, L.
hirpex, gen. hirpicis, and irpex, gen. irpicis, harrow. The LL. hercia
signifies also a kind of candlestick in the form of a harrow, having
branches filled with lights, and placed at the head of graves or
cenotaphs; whence herse came to be used for the grave, coffin, or chest
containing the dead. Cf. Hearse.] 1. (Fort.) A kind of gate or
portcullis, having iron bars, like a harrow, studded with iron spikes.
It is hung above gateways so that it may be quickly lowered, to impede
the advance of an enemy. Farrow.

2. See Hearse, a carriage for the dead.

3. A funeral ceremonial. [Obs.] Spenser.

Herse, v. t. Same as Hearse, v. t. Chapman.

Her*self" (?), pron. 1. An emphasized form of the third person feminine
pronoun; -- used as a subject with she; as, she herself will bear the
blame; also used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or
objective case; as, it is herself; she blames herself.

2. Her own proper, true, or real character; hence, her right, or sane,
mind; as, the woman was deranged, but she is now herself again; she has
come to herself.

By herself, alone; apart; unaccompanied.

Her"sil*lon (?), n. [F., fr. herse a harrow. See Herse, n.] (Fort.) A
beam with projecting spikes, used to make a breach impassable.

Hert (?), n. A hart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"te (?), n. A heart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"te*ly, a. & adv. Hearty; heartily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Her"y (?), v. t. [AS. herian.] To worship; to glorify; to praise.
[Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Hes"i*tan*cy (?), n. [L. haesitantia a stammering.] 1. The act of
hesitating, or pausing to consider; slowness in deciding; vacillation;
also, the manner of one who hesitates.

2. A stammering; a faltering in speech.

Hes"i*tant (?), a. [L. haesitans, p. pr. of haesitare: cf. F. hÈsitant.
See Hesitate.] 1. Not prompt in deciding or acting; hesitating.

2. Unready in speech. Baxter.

Hes"i*tant*ly, adv. With hesitancy or doubt.

Hes"i*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hesitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hesitating.] [L. haesitatus, p. p. of haesitare, intens. fr. haerere to
hesitate, stick fast; to hang or hold fast. Cf. Aghast, Gaze, Adhere.]

1. To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense or
uncertainty as to a determination; as, he hesitated whether to accept
the offer or not; men often hesitate in forming a judgment. Pope.

2. To stammer; to falter in speaking.

Syn. -- To doubt; waver; scruple; deliberate; demur; falter; stammer.

Hes"i*tate, v. t. To utter with hesitation or to intimate by a
reluctant manner. [Poetic & R.]

    Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike.


Pope.

Hes"i*ta`ting*ly, adv. With hesitation or doubt.

Hes`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. haesitatio: cf. F. hÈsitation.] 1. The act of
hesitating; suspension of opinion or action; doubt; vacillation.

2. A faltering in speech; stammering. Swift.

Hes"i*ta*tive (?), a. Showing, or characterized by, hesitation.

    [He said] in his mild, hesitative way.


R. D. Blackmore.

Hes"i*ta*to*ry (?), a. Hesitating. R. North.

Hesp (?), n. [Cf. Icel. hespa a hasp, a wisp or skein. See Hasp.] A
measure of two hanks of linen thread. [Scot.] [Written also hasp.]
Knight.

Hes"per (?), n. [See Hesperian.] The evening; Hesperus.

Hes*per"e*tin (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline substance having a
sweetish taste, obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and
regarded as a complex derivative of caffeic acid.

Hes*pe"ri*an (?), a. [L. hesperius, fr. hesperus the evening star, Gr.
&?; evening, &?; &?; the evening star. Cf. Vesper.] Western; being in
the west; occidental. [Poetic] Milton.

Hes*pe"ri*an, n. A native or an inhabitant of a western country.
[Poetic] J. Barlow.

Hes*pe"ri*an, a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a family of butterflies
called HesperidÊ, or skippers. -- n. Any one of the numerous species of
HesperidÊ; a skipper.

Hes"per*id (?), a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Same as 3d Hesperian.

Hes*per"i*dene (?), n. [See Hesperidium.] (Chem.) An isomeric variety
of terpene from orange oil.

||Hes*per"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.]

1. (Class. Myth.) The daughters of Hesperus, or Night (brother of
Atlas), and fabled possessors of a garden producing golden apples, in
Africa, at the western extremity of the known world. To slay the
guarding dragon and get some of these apples was one of the labors of
Hercules. Called also Atlantides.

2. The garden producing the golden apples.

    It not love a Hercules, Still climbing trees in the Hesperides?


Shak.

Hes*per"i*din (?), n. [See Hesperidium.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in
ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and extracted as a white
crystalline substance.

||Hes`pe*rid"i*um (?), n. [NL. So called in allusion to the golden
||apples of the Hesperides. See Hesperides.] (Bot.) A large berry with
||a thick rind, as a lemon or an orange.

||Hes`pe*ror"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; western + &?;, &?;, a bird.]
||(Paleon.) A genus of large, extinct, wingless birds from the
||Cretaceous deposits of Kansas, belonging to the Odontornithes. They
||had teeth, and were essentially carnivorous swimming ostriches.
||Several species are known. See Illust. in Append.

||Hes"pe*rus (?), n. [L. See Hesper.] 1. Venus when she is the evening
||star; Hesper.

2. Evening. [Poetic]

    The Sun was sunk, and after him the Star Of Hesperus.


Milton.

Hes"sian (?), a. Of or relating to Hesse, in Germany, or to the
Hessians.

Hessian boots, or Hessians, boot of a kind worn in England, in the
early part of the nineteenth century, tasseled in front. Thackeray. --
Hessian cloth, or Hessians, a coarse hempen cloth for sacking. --
Hessian crucible. See under Crucible. -- Hessian fly (Zoˆl.), a small
dipterous fly or midge (Cecidomyia destructor). Its larvÊ live between
the base of the lower leaves and the stalk of wheat, and are very
destructive to young wheat; -- so called from the erroneous idea that
it was brought into America by the Hessian troops, during the
Revolution.

Hes"sian, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Hesse.

2. A mercenary or venal person. [U. S.]

This use is a relic of the patriot hatred of the Hessian mercenaries
who served with the British troops in the Revolutionary War.

3. pl. See Hessian boots and cloth, under Hessian, a.

Hess"ite (?), n. [After H. Hess.] (Min.) A lead-gray sectile mineral.
It is a telluride of silver.

Hest (?), n. [AS. h&?;s, fr. h&?;tan to call, bid. See Hight, and cf.
Behest.] Command; precept; injunction. [Archaic] See Behest. "At thy
hest." Shak.

    Let him that yields obey the victor's hest.


Fairfax.

    Yet I thy hest will all perform, at full.


Tennyson.

{ Hes"tern (?), Hes*ter"nal (?), } a. [L. hesternus; akin to heri
yesterday.] Pertaining to yesterday. [Obs.] See Yester, a. Ld. Lytton.

Hes"y*chast (?), n. [Gr. &?; hermit, fr. &?; to be still or quiet, fr.
&?; still, calm.] One of a mystical sect of the Greek Church in the
fourteenth century; a quietist. Brande & C.

{ He*tair"ism (?), Het"a*rism (?), } n. [Gr. &?; a companion, a
concubine, fem. of &?; a comrade.] A supposed primitive state of
society, in which all the women of a tribe were held in common. H.
Spencer. -- Het`a*ris"tic (#), a.

Hetch"el (?), v. t. Same as Hatchel.

Hete (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hete, later Het.] Variant of Hote.
[Obs.]

    But one avow to greate God I hete.


Chaucer.

Het"er*a*canth (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; a spine.] (Zoˆl.) Having the
spines of the dorsal fin unsymmetrical, or thickened alternately on the
right and left sides.

Het"er*arch`y (?), n. [Hetero- + -archy.] The government of an alien.
[Obs.] Bp. Hall.

||Het`e*raux*e"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the other + &?; growth.]
||(Bot.) Unequal growth of a cell, or of a part of a plant.

Het"er*o- (?). [Gr. "e`teros other.] A combining form signifying other,
other than usual, different; as, heteroclite, heterodox, heterogamous.

Het`er*o*car"pism (?), n. [Hetero-  + Gr.&?; fruit.] (Bot.) The power
of producing two kinds of reproductive bodies, as in AmphicarpÊa, in
which besides the usual pods, there are others underground.

Het`er*o*car"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by heterocarpism.

Het`er*o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr.&?; head.] (Bot.) Bearing
two kinds of heads or capitula; -- said of certain composite plants.

||Het`e*roc"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; horn.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of Lepidoptera, including the moths, and hawk
||moths, which have the antennÊ variable in form.

Het`er*o*cer"cal (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. &?; tail.] (Anat.) Having the
vertebral column evidently continued into the upper lobe of the tail,
which is usually longer than the lower one, as in sharks.

<! p. 690 !>

Het"er*o*cer`cy (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; a tail.] (Anat.) Unequal
development of the tail lobes of fishes; the possession of a
heterocercal tail.

Het`er*o*chro"mous (?; 277), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; color.] (Bot.)
Having the central florets of a flower head of a different color from
those of the circumference.

{ Het`er*och"ro*nism (?), Het`er*och"ro*ny (?), } n. [Gr. &?; of
different times; &?; other + &?; time.] (Biol.) In evolution, a
deviation from the typical sequence in the formation of organs or
parts.

Het"er*o*clite, a. [L. heteroclitus, Gr. &?;; &?; other + &?; to lean,
incline, inflect: cf. F. hÈtÈroclite.] Deviating from ordinary forms or
rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.

Het"er*o*clite, n. 1. (Gram.) A word which is irregular or anomalous
either in declension or conjugation, or which deviates from ordinary
forms of inflection in words of a like kind; especially, a noun which
is irregular in declension.

2. Any thing or person deviating from the common rule, or from common
forms. Howell.

{ Het`er*o*clit"ic (?), Het`er*o*clit"ic*al (?), } a. [See
Heteroclite.] Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular;
anomalous; abnormal.

Het`er*oc"li*tous (?), a. Heteroclitic. [Obs.]

Het"er*o*cyst (?), n. [Hetero- + cyst.] (Bot.) A cell larger than the
others, and of different appearance, occurring in certain algÊ related
to nostoc.

Het`er*o*dac"tyl (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Heterodactylous. -- n. One of the
HeterodactylÊ.

||Het`e*ro*dac"ty*lÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; a
||finger.] (Zoˆl.) A group of birds including the trogons.

Het`er*o*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; a toe.] (Zoˆl.) Having
the first and second toes turned backward, as in the trogons.

Het"er*o*dont (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. &?;, &?; a tooth.] (Anat.) Having
the teeth differentiated into incisors, canines, and molars, as in man;
-- opposed to homodont.

Het"er*o*dont, n. (Zoˆl.) Any animal with heterodont dentition.

Het"er*o*dox (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; other + &?; opinion; cf. F.
hÈtÈrodoxe.] 1. Contrary to, or differing from, some acknowledged
standard, as the Bible, the creed of a church, the decree of a council,
and the like; not orthodox; heretical; -- said of opinions, doctrines,
books, etc., esp. upon theological subjects.

    Raw and indigested, heterodox, preaching.


Strype.

2. Holding heterodox opinions, or doctrines not orthodox; heretical; --
said of persons. Macaulay.

-- Het"er*o*dox`ly, adv. -- Het"er*o*dox`ness, n.

Het"er*o*dox, n. An opinion opposed to some accepted standard. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.

Het"er*o*dox`al (?), a. Not orthodox. Howell.

Het"er*o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. hÈtÈrodoxie.] An opinion or
doctrine, or a system of doctrines, contrary to some established
standard of faith, as the Scriptures, the creed or standards of a
church, etc.; heresy. Bp. Bull.

Het`er*od"ro*mous (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. &?; to run.] 1. (Bot.) Having
spirals of changing direction. Gray.

2. (Mech.) Moving in opposite directions; -- said of a lever, pulley,
etc., in which the resistance and the actuating force are on opposite
sides of the fulcrum or axis.

Het`er*og"a*mous (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. ga`mos marriage: cf. F.
hÈtÈrogame.] (Bot. & Biol.) (a) The condition of having two or more
kinds of flowers which differ in regard to stamens and pistils, as in
the aster. (b) Characterized by heterogamy.

Het`er*og"a*my (?), n. [See Heterogamous.]

1. (Bot.) The process of fertilization in plants by an indirect or
circuitous method; -- opposed to orthogamy.

2. (Biol.) That form of alternate generation in which two kinds of
sexual generation, or a sexual and a parthenogenetic generation,
alternate; -- in distinction from metagenesis, where sexual and asexual
generations alternate. Claus & Sedgwick.

Het`er*o*gan"gli*ate (?), a. [Hetero- + gangliate.] (Physiol.) Having
the ganglia of the nervous system unsymmetrically arranged; -- said of
certain invertebrate animals.

Het"er*o*gene (?), a. Heterogenous. [Obs.]

Het`er*o*ge"ne*al (?), a. Heterogeneous.

Het`er*o*ge*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. hÈtÈrogÈnÈitÈ.] The state of being
heterogeneous; contrariety.

    The difference, indeed the heterogeneity, of the two may be felt.


Coleridge.

Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; + &?; race, kind; akin to E.
kin: cf. F. hÈtÈrogËne.] Differing in kind; having unlike qualities;
possessed of different characteristics; dissimilar; -- opposed to
homogeneous, and said of two or more connected objects, or of a
conglomerate mass, considered in respect to the parts of which it is
made up. -- Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ness, n.

Heterogeneous nouns (Gram.), nouns having different genders in the
singular and plural numbers; as, hic locus, of the masculine gender in
the singular, and hi loci and hÊc loca, both masculine and neuter in
the plural; hoc cÊlum, neuter in the singular; hi cÊli, masculine in
the plural. -- Heterogeneous quantities (Math.), such quantities as are
incapable of being compared together in respect to magnitude, and
surfaces and solids. -- Heterogeneous surds (Math.), surds having
different radical signs.

Het`er*o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Hetero-  + genesis.] 1. (Biol.) Spontaneous
generation, so called.

2. (Biol.) That method of reproduction in which the successive
generations differ from each other, the parent organism producing
offspring different in habit and structure from itself, the original
form, however, reappearing after one or more generations; -- opposed to
homogenesis, or gamogenesis.

Het`er*o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to heterogenesis; as,
heterogenetic transformations.

Het`er*og"e*nist (?), n. (Biol.) One who believes in the theory of
spontaneous generation, or heterogenesis. Bastian.

Het`er*og"e*nous (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to heterogenesis;
heterogenetic.

Het`er*og"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Heterogenesis.

Het`er*og"o*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by heterogony. --
Het`er*og"o*nous*ly, adv.

Het`er*og"o*ny (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; offspring.] (Bot.) The
condition of having two or more kinds of flowers, different as to the
length of their stamens and pistils.

Het`er*o*graph"ic (?), a. [See Heterography.] Employing the same
letters to represent different sounds in different words or syllables;
-- said of methods of spelling; as, the ordinary English orthography is
heterographic.

Het`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Hetero-  + -graphy.] That method of spelling
in which the same letters represent different sounds in different
words, as in the ordinary English orthography; e. g., g in get and in
ginger.

Het`er*og"y*nous (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. &?; a woman, female.] (Zoˆl.)
Having females very unlike the males in form and structure; -- as
certain insects, the males of which are winged, and the females
wingless.

Het`er*ol"o*gous (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. &?; proportion.] Characterized
by heterology; consisting of different elements, or of like elements in
different proportions; different; -- opposed to homologous; as,
heterologous organs.

Heterologous stimulus. (Physiol.) See under Stimulus. -- Heterologous
tumor (Med.), a tumor differing in structure from the normal tissues of
the body.

Het`er*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Hetero- + -logy.] 1. (Biol.) The absence of
correspondence, or relation, in type of structure; lack of analogy
between parts, owing to their being composed of different elements, or
of like elements in different proportions; variation in structure from
the normal form; -- opposed to homology.

2. (Chem.) The connection or relation of bodies which have partial
identity of composition, but different characteristics and properties;
the relation existing between derivatives of the same substance, or of
the analogous members of different series; as, ethane, ethyl alcohol,
acetic aldehyde, and acetic acid are in heterology with each other,
though each in at the same time a member of a distinct homologous
series. Cf. Homology.

||Het`e*rom"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; part.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of Coleoptera, having heteromerous tarsi.

Het`er*om"er*ous (?), a. [See Heteromera.] 1. (Chem & Crystallog.)
Unrelated in chemical composition, though similar or indentical in
certain other respects; as, borax and augite are homúmorphous, but
heteromerous.

2. (Bot.) With the parts not corresponding in number.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having the femoral artery developed as the principal
artery of the leg; -- said of certain birds, as the cotingas and
pipras. (b) Having five tarsal joints in the anterior and middle legs,
but only four in the posterior pair, as the blister beetles and oil
beetles.

Het`er*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) Deviating
from the normal, perfect, or mature form; having different forms at
different stages of existence, or in different individuals of the same
species; -- applied especially to insects in which there is a wide
difference of form between the larva and the adult, and to plants
having more than one form of flower.

{ Het`er*o*mor"phism (?), Het`er*o*mor"phy (?), } n. (Biol.) The state
or quality of being heteromorphic.

Het`er*o*mor"phous (?), a. (Biol.) Heteromorphic.

||Het`e*ro*my*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; a
||muscle.] (Zoˆl.) A division of bivalve shells, including the marine
||mussels, in which the two adductor muscles are very unequal. See
||Dreissena, and Illust. under Byssus.

||Het`e*ro*ne*re"is (?), n. [NL. See Hetero-, and Nereis.] (Zoˆl.) A
||free- swimming, dimorphic, sexual form of certain species of Nereis.

In this state the head and its appendages are changed in form, the eyes
become very large; more or less of the parapodia are highly modified by
the development of finlike lobes, and branchial lamellÊ, and their setÊ
become longer and bladelike.

Het`er*on"o*mous (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. no`mos law.] Subject to the
law of another. Krauth-Fleming.

Het`er*on"o*my (?), n. 1. Subordination or subjection to the law of
another; political subjection of a community or state; -- opposed to
autonomy.

2. (Metaph.) A term applied by Kant to those laws which are imposed on
us from without, or the violence done to us by our passions, wants, or
desires. Krauth- Fleming.

Het"er*o*nym (?), n. That which is heteronymous; a thing having a
different name or designation from some other thing; -- opposed to
homonym.

Het`er*on"y*mous (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. "o`nyma, for "o`noma a name.]
Having different names or designations; standing in opposite relations.
J. Le Conte.

-- Het"er*on"y*mous*ly, adv.

Het`er*o*ou`si*an (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. &?; being, essence.] Having
different essential qualities; of a different nature.

Het`er*o*ou"si*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of those Arians who held
that the Son was of a different substance from the Father.

Het`er*o*ou"si*ous (?), a. See Heteroousian.

Het`er*o*path"ic (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. &?; suffering, fr. &?;, &?;,
to suffer.] Of or pertaining to the method of heteropathy; allopathic.

Het`er*op"a*thy (?), n. [See Heteropathic.] (Med.) That mode of
treating diseases, by which a morbid condition is removed by inducing
an opposite morbid condition to supplant it; allopathy.

Het`er*o*pel"mous (?), a. [Hetero-  + Gr. &?; the sole of the foot.]
(Anat.) Having each of the two flexor tendons of the toes bifid, the
branches of one going to the first and second toes; those of the other,
to the third and fourth toes. See Illust. in Append.

||Het`e*roph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; to eat.]
||(Zoˆl.) Altrices.

Het`er*oph"e*mist (?), n. One liable to the fault of heterophemy.

Het`er*oph"e*my (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; voice, speech, fr. &?; to
speak.] The unconscious saying, in speech or in writing, of that which
one does not intend to say; -- frequently the very reverse of the
thought which is present to consciousness. R. G. White.

Het`er*oph"o*ny (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; voice.] (Med.) An abnormal
state of the voice. Mayne.

Het`er*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; other + &?; leaf: cf. F.
hÈtÈrophylle.] (Bot.) Having leaves of more than one shape on the same
plant.

Het"er*o*plasm (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; anything formed or molded.]
An abnormal formation foreign to the economy, and composed of elements
different from those are found in it in its normal condition.
Dunglison.

Het`er*o*plas"tic (?), a. [Hetero-  + -plastic.] (Biol.) Producing a
different type of organism; developing into a different form of tissue,
as cartilage which develops into bone. Haeckel.

Het`er*o*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. hÈtÈropode.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
Heteropoda. -- a. Heteropodous.

||Het`e*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + -poda.] (Zoˆl.)
||An order of pelagic Gastropoda, having the foot developed into a
||median fin. Some of the species are naked; others, as Carinaria and
||Atlanta, have thin glassy shells.

Het`er*op"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Heteropoda.

Het`er*op"ter (?), n. One of the Heteroptera.

||Het`e*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; other + &?; a wing.]
||(Zoˆl.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which the base of the anterior
||wings is thickened. See Hemiptera.

Het`er*op"tics (?), n. [Hetero- + optics.] False optics. Spectator.

Het`er*os"cian (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; other + &?; shadow: cf. F.
hÈtÈroscien.] One who lives either north or south of the tropics, as
contrasted with one who lives on the other side of them; -- so called
because at noon the shadows always fall in opposite directions (the one
northward, the other southward).

||Het`e*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; alteration, fr. &?; other,
||different.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which one form of a noun,
||verb, or pronoun, and the like, is used for another, as in the
||sentence: "What is life to such as me?" Aytoun.

||Het`e*ro*so"ma*ti (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?;, &?;,
||body.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fishes, comprising the flounders, halibut,
||sole, etc., having the body and head asymmetrical, with both eyes on
||one side. Called also Heterosomata, Heterosomi.

{ Het`er*o*spor"ic (?), Het`er*o*spor"ous (?), } a. [Hetero- + spore.]
(Bot.) Producing two kinds of spores unlike each other.

Het"er*o*styled (?), a. (Bot.) Having styles of two or more distinct
forms or lengths. Darwin.

Het`er*o*sty"lism (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being heterostyled.

Het`er*o*tac"tous (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to, or characterized by,
heterotaxy.

Het"er*o*tax`y (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?; an arrangement, fr. &?; to
arrange.] (Biol.) Variation in arrangement from that existing in a
normal form; heterogenous arrangement or structure, as, in botany, the
deviation in position of the organs of a plant, from the ordinary or
typical arrangement.

{ Het`er*ot"o*pism (?), Het`er*ot"o*py (?), } n. [Hetero- + Gr. &?;
place: cf. F. hÈtÈrotopie.] 1. (Med.) A deviation from the natural
position; -- a term applied in the case of organs or growths which are
abnormal in situation.

2. (Biol.) A deviation from the natural position of parts, supposed to
be effected in thousands of years, by the gradual displacement of germ
cells.

<! p. 691 !>

||Het`e*rot"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?;, gen. &?;,
||a hair.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ciliated Infusoria, having fine cilia
||all over the body, and a circle of larger ones around the anterior
||end.

Het`er*ot"ro*pal (?), Het`er*ot"ro*pous (&?;), a. [Gr. "etero`tropos
turning another way; &?; other + &?; to turn: cf. F. hÈtÈrotrope.]
(Bot.) Having the embryo or ovule oblique or transverse to the
funiculus; amphitropous. Gray.

He"thing (?), n. Contempt; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Het"man (?), n.; pl. Hetmans (#). [Pol. hetman. Cf. Ataman.] A Cossack
headman or general. The title of chief hetman is now held by the heir
to the throne of Russia.

Heugh (?), n. [Cf. Hogh.] 1. A crag; a cliff; a glen with overhanging
sides. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

2. A shaft in a coal pit; a hollow in a quarry. [Scot.]

Heuk (?), n. Variant of Huke. [Obs.]

Heu"land*ite (?), n. [After Heuland, an English mineralogist.] (Min.) A
mineral of the Zeolite family, often occurring in amygdaloid, in
foliated masses, and also in monoclinic crystals with pearly luster on
the cleavage face. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

Heu*ris"tic (h*rs"tk), a. [Gr. e"yri`skein to discover.] Serving to
discover or find out.

Hev"ed (?), n. The head. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hew (h), v. t. [imp. Hewed (hd); p. p. Hewed or Hewn (hn); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hewing.] [AS. he·wan; akin to D. houwen, OHG. houwan, G. hauen,
Icel. hˆggva, Sw. hugga, Dan. hugge, Lith. kova battle, Russ. kovate to
hammer, forge. Cf. Hay cut grass, Hoe.] 1. To cut with an ax; to fell
with a sharp instrument; -- often with down, or off. Shak.

2. To form or shape with a sharp instrument; to cut; hence, to form
laboriously; -- often with out; as, to hew out a sepulcher.

    Look unto the rock whence ye are hewn.


Is. li. 1.

    Rather polishing old works than hewing out new.


Pope.

3. To cut in pieces; to chop; to hack.

    Hew them to pieces; hack their bones asunder.


Shak.

Hew, n. Destruction by cutting down. [Obs.]

    Of whom he makes such havoc and such hew.


Spenser.

Hew, n. 1. Hue; color. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Shape; form. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hewe (?), n. [Cf. Hind a peasant.] A domestic servant; a retainer.
[Obs.] "False homely hewe." Chaucer.

Hew"er (?), n. One who hews.

Hew"hole` (?), n. [Cf. Hickwall.] (Zoˆl.) The European green
woodpecker. See Yaffle.

Hewn (?), a. 1. Felled, cut, or shaped as with an ax; roughly squared;
as, a house built of hewn logs.

2. Roughly dressed as with a hammer; as, hewn stone.

Hex- (?), Hex"a (#). [Gr. "e`x six. See Six.] A prefix or combining
form, used to denote six, sixth, etc.; as, hexatomic, hexabasic.

Hex`a*ba"sic (?), a. [Hexa- + basic.] (Chem.) Having six hydrogen atoms
or six radicals capable of being replaced or saturated by bases; --
said of acids; as, mellitic acid is hexabasic.

Hex`a*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Hexa- + capsular.] (Bot.) Having six capsules
or seed vessels.

Hex"a*chord (?), n. [Hexa- + Gr. &?; string, chord: cf. F. hexacorde.]
(Mus.) A series of six notes, with a semitone between the third and
fourth, the other intervals being whole tones.

Hex`ac"id (?), a. [Hex- + acid.] (Chem.) Having six atoms or radicals
capable of being replaced by acids; hexatomic; hexavalent; -- said of
bases; as, mannite is a hexacid base.

Hex*ac`ti*nel"lid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having six-rayed spicules; belonging
to the HexactinellinÊ.

Hex*ac`ti*nel"line (?), a. [From NL. HexactinellinÊ, fr. Gr. "e`x six +
a dim. of &?;, &?;, a ray.] (Zoˆl.) Belonging to the HexactinellinÊ, a
group of sponges, having six-rayed siliceous spicules.

||Hex`ac*tin"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hex-, and Actinia.] (Zoˆl.) The
||Anthozoa.

Hex"ad (?), n. [L. hexas, hexadis, the number six, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr.
"e`x six.] (chem.) An atom whose valence is six, and which can be
theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, six monad
atoms or radicals; as, sulphur is a hexad in sulphuric acid. Also used
as an adjective.

Hex`a*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; "e`x six + &?; finger: cf. F.
hexadactyle.] (Zoˆl.) Having six fingers or toes.

Hex"ade (?), n. [See Hexad.] A series of six numbers.

Hex"a*dec`ane (?), n. (Chem.) See Hecdecane.

Hex"a*gon (?), n. [L. hexagonum, Gr. &?; six-cornered; "e`x six (akin
to E. six) + &?; angle.] (Geom.) A plane figure of six angles.

Regular hexagon, a hexagon in which the angles are all equal, and the
sides are also all equal.

Hex*ag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. hexagonal.] Having six sides and six
angles; six- sided.

Hexagonal system. (Crystal.) See under Crystallization.

Hex*ag"o*nal*ly, adv. In an hexagonal manner.

Hex*ag"o*ny (?), n. A hexagon. [Obs.] Bramhall.

||Hex`a*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "e`x six + gynh^ a woman,
||female: cf. F. hexagynie.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan order of plants having
||six pistils.

Hex`a*gyn"i*an (?), Hex*ag"y*nous (&?;), a. [Cf. F. hexagyne.] (Bot.)
Having six pistils.

Hex`a*he"dral (?), a. In the form of a hexahedron; having six sides or
faces.

Hex`a*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E. Hexahedrons (#), L. Hexahedra (#). [Hexa-
+ Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit: cf. F. hexaËdre.] (Geom.) A solid
body of six sides or faces.

Regular hexahedron, a hexagon having six equal squares for its sides; a
cube.

Hex`a*hem"er*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "e`x six + &?; day; cf. L.
hexaÎmeron, Gr. &?;.]

1. A term of six days. Good.

2. The history of the six day's work of creation, as contained in the
first chapter of Genesis.

Hex*am"er*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr.&?; part.] (Bot.) In six parts; in
sixes.

Hex*am"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; of six meters; (sc. &?;)
hexameter verse; "e`x six + &?; measure: cf. F. hexamËtre. See Six, and
Meter.] (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) A verse of six feet, the first four of which
may be either dactyls or spondees, the fifth must regularly be a
dactyl, and the sixth always a spondee. In this species of verse are
composed the Iliad of Homer and the ∆neid of Virgil. In English
hexameters accent takes the place of quantity.

    Leaped like the | roe when he | hears in the | woodland the | voice
    of the | huntsman.


Longfellow.

    Strongly it | bears us a- | long on | swelling and | limitless |
    billows, Nothing be- | fore and | nothing be- | hind but the | sky
    and the | ocean.


Coleridge.

Hex*am"e*ter, a. Having six metrical feet, especially dactyls and
spondees. Holland.

{ Hex`a*met"ric (?), Hex`a*met"ric*al (?), } a. Consisting of six
metrical feet.

Hex*am"e*trist (?), n. One who writes in hexameters. "The Christian
hexametrists." Milman.

||Hex*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "e`x six + &?;, &?;, a man,
||male: cf. F. hexandrie.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan class of plants having six
||stamens.

{ Hex*an"dri*an (?), Hex-an"drous (?), } a. [Cf. F. hexandre.] (Bot.)
Having six stamens.

Hex"ane (?), n. [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.) Any one of five hydrocarbons,
C6H14, of the paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids,
and are so called because the molecule has six carbon atoms.

Hex*an"gu*lar (?), a. [Hex- + angular. Cf. Sexangular.] Having six
angles or corners.

Hex`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + petal: cf. F. hexapÈtale.] (Bot.)
Having six petals.

Hex*aph"yl*lous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr. &?; a leaf: cf. F. hexaphylle.]
(Bot.) Having six leaves or leaflets.

||Hex"a*pla (?), n. Etym. pl., but syntactically sing. [NL., fr. Gr.
||&?;, fr. &?;, contr. &?;, sixfold.] A collection of the Holy
||Scriptures in six languages or six versions in parallel columns;
||particularly, the edition of the Old Testament published by Origen,
||in the 3d century.

Hex"a*pod (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, sixfooted; "e`x six + &?;, &?;, foot:
cf. F. hexapode.] Having six feet. -- n. (Zoˆl.) An animal having six
feet; one of the Hexapoda.

||Hex*ap"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "e`x six + -poda.] (Zoˆl.) The
||true, or six-legged, insects; insects other than myriapods and
||arachnids.

The Hexapoda have the head, thorax, and abdomen differentiated, and are
mostly winged. They have three pairs of mouth organs, viz., mandibles,
maxillÊ, and the second maxillÊ or labial palpi; three pairs of
thoracic legs; and abdominal legs, which are present only in some of
the lowest forms, and in the larval state of some of the higher ones.
Many (the Metabola) undergo a complete metamorphosis, having larvÊ
(known as maggots, grubs, caterpillars) very unlike the adult, and pass
through a quiescent pupa state in which no food is taken; others (the
Hemimetabola) have larvÊ much like the adult, expert in lacking wings,
and an active pupa, in which rudimentary wings appear. See Insecta. The
Hexapoda are divided into several orders.

Hex*ap"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having six feet; belonging to the
Hexapoda.

Hex*ap"ter*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr. &?; wing.] (Bot.) Having six
processes. Gray.

{ Hex"a*stich (?), ||Hex*as"ti*chon (?), } n. [L. hexastichus of six
rows, lines, or verses, Gr. &?;; "e`x six + sti`chos row, line, verse.]
A poem consisting of six verses or lines.

Hex"a*style (?), a. [Gr. &?; with six columns; "e`x six + column: cf.
F. hexastyle.] (Arch.) Having six columns in front; -- said of a
portico or temple. -- n. A hexastyle portico or temple.

Hex"a*teuch` (?), n. [Hexa- + &?; a tool, a book.] The first six books
of the Old Testament.

Hex`a*tom"ic (?), a. [Hex- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having six atoms in
the molecule. [R.] (b) Having six replaceable radicals.

Hex*av"a*lent (?), a. [Hexa- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.) Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads.

Hex"de*cyl (?), n. [Hex- + decyl.] (Chem.) The essential radical,
C16H33, of hecdecane.

Hex`de*cyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexdecyl
or hecdecane; as, hexdecylic alcohol.

Hex*ei"ko*sane (?), n. [Hex- + eikosane.] (chem.) A hydrocarbon,
C26H54, resembling paraffine; -- so called because each molecule has
twenty-six atoms of carbon. [Written also hexacosane.]

Hex"ene (?), n. [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.) Same as Hexylene.

Hex`i*col"ogy (?), n. [Gr. &?; state or habit + -logy.] The science
which treats of the complex relations of living creatures to other
organisms, and to their surrounding conditions generally. St. George
Mivart.

Hex"ine (?), n. [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C6H10, of the
acetylene series, obtained artificially as a colorless, volatile,
pungent liquid; -- called also hexoylene.

Hex*oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Hex- + octahedron.] (Geom.) A solid having
forty-eight equal triangular faces.

Hex*o"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexane; as,
hexoic acid.

Hex"one (?), n. [Hex- + - one.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C6H8, of
the valylene series, obtained from distillation products of certain
fats and gums.

Hex"yl (?), n. [Hex- + - yl.] (chem.) A compound radical, C6H13,
regarded as the essential residue of hexane, and a related series of
compounds.

Hex"yl*ene (?), n. [Hex- + - yl + ethlene.] (Chem.) A colorless, liquid
hydrocarbon, C6H12, of the ethylene series, produced artificially, and
found as a natural product of distillation of certain coals; also, any
one several isomers of hexylene proper. Called also hexene.

Hex*yl"ic (?), a. (chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexyl or
hexane; as, hexylic alcohol.

Hey (?), a. [See High.] High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hey (?), interj. [OE. hei; cf. D. & G. hei.] 1. An exclamation of joy,
surprise, or encouragement. Shak.

2. A cry to set dogs on. Shak.

Hey"day` (?), interj. [Cf. G. heida, or hei da, D. hei daar. Cf. Hey,
and There.] An expression of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of
wonder. B. Jonson.

Hey"day` (?), n. [Prob. for. high day. See High, and Day.] The time of
triumph and exultation; hence, joy, high spirits, frolicsomeness;
wildness.

    The heyday in the blood is tame.


Shak.

    In the heyday of their victories.


J. H. Newman.

Hey"de*guy (?), n. [Perh. fr. heyday + guise.] A kind of country-dance
or round. [Obs.] Spenser.

Heyh, Heygh (&?;), a. High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Heyne (?), n. [AS. he·n low, mean.] A wretch; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hey"ten (?), adv. [Icel. h&?;&?;an.] Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hi*a"tion (?), n. [See Hiatus.] Act of gaping. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Hi*a"tus (?), n.; pl. L. Hiatus, E. Hiatuses (#). [L., fr. hiare,
hiatum, to gape; akin to E. yawn. See Yawn.] 1. An opening; an
aperture; a gap; a chasm; esp., a defect in a manuscript, where some
part is lost or effaced; a space where something is wanting; a break.

2. (Gram.) The concurrence of two vowels in two successive words or
syllables. Pope.

Hi*ber"na*cle (?), n. [L. hibernaculum a winter residence, pl.
hibernacula winter quarters: cf. F. hibernacle. See Hibernate.] That
which serves for protection or shelter in winter; winter quarters; as,
the hibernacle of an animal or a plant. Martyn.

||Hi`ber*nac"u*lum (?), n. [See Hibernacle.] 1. (Bot.) A winter bud, in
||which the rudimentary foliage or flower, as of most trees and shrubs
||in the temperate zone, is protected by closely overlapping scales.

2. (Zoˆl.) A little case in which certain insects pass the winter.

3. Winter home or abiding place. J. Burroughs.

Hi*ber"nal (?), a. [L. hibernalis, from the root of hiems winter; akin
to Gr. &?; snow, Skr. hima cold, winter, snow: cf. F. hibernal.]
Belonging or relating to winter; wintry; winterish. Sir T. Browne.

Hi"ber*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hibernated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hibernating (?).] [L. hibernare, hibernatum, fr. hibernus wintry. See
Hibernal.] To winter; to pass the season of winter in close quarters,
in a torpid or lethargic state, as certain mammals, reptiles, and
insects.

    Inclination would lead me to hibernate, during half the year, in
    this uncomfortable climate of Great Britain.


Southey.

Hi`ber*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. hibernation.] The act or state of
hibernating. Evelyn.

Hi*ber"ni*an (?), a. [L. Hibernia, Ireland.] Of or pertaining to
Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of
Ireland.

{ Hi*ber"ni*cism (?), Hi*ber"ni*an*ism (?), } n. An idiom or mode of
speech peculiar to the Irish. Todd.

Hi*ber"no-Celt"ic (?), n. The native language of the Irish; that branch
of the Celtic languages spoken by the natives of Ireland. Also adj.

Hi*bis"cus (?), n. [L., marsh mallow; cf. Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A genus of
plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees), some species of which have large,
showy flowers. Some species are cultivated in India for their fiber,
which is used as a substitute for hemp. See Althea, Hollyhock, and
Manoe.

Hic"ci*us doc"ti*us (?). [Corrupted fr. L. hic est doctus this is a
learned man.] A juggler. [Cant] Hudibras.

<! p. 692 !>

Hic"cough (?; 277), n. [OE. hickup, hicket, hickock; prob. of imitative
origin; cf. D. & Dan. hik, Sw. hicka, Armor. hak, hik, W. ig, F.
hoquet.] (Physiol.) A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic
inspiration, consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm,
accompanied with closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of
air is prevented, while the impulse of the column of air entering and
striking upon the closed glottis produces a sound, or hiccough.
[Written also hickup or hiccup.]

Hic"cough (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hiccoughed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hiccoughing.] To have a hiccough or hiccoughs.

Hick"o*ry (?), n. [North American Indian pawcohiccora (Capt. J. Smith)
a kind of milk or oily liquor pressed from pounded hickory nuts.
"Pohickory" is named in a list of Virginia trees, in 1653, and this was
finally shortened to "hickory." J. H. Trumbull.] (Bot.) An American
tree of the genus Carya, of which there are several species. The
shagbark is the C. alba, and has a very rough bark; it affords the
hickory nut of the markets. The pignut, or brown hickory, is the C.
glabra. The swamp hickory is C. amara, having a nut whose shell is very
thin and the kernel bitter.

Hickory shad. (Zoˆl.) (a) The mattowacca, or fall herring. (b) The
gizzard shad.

Hicks"ite (?), n. A member or follower of the "liberal" party, headed
by Elias Hicks, which, because of a change of views respecting the
divinity of Christ and the Atonement, seceded from the conservative
portion of the Society of Friends in the United States, in 1827.

Hick"up (?), n. & v. i. See Hiccough.

{ Hick"wall` (?), Hick"way` (?), } n. [OE., also hyghwhele, highawe.]
The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor) of Europe. [Prov.
Eng.]

Hid (?), imp. & p. p. of Hide. See Hidden.

Hid"age (?), n. [From hide a quantity of land.] (O. Eng. Law.) A tax
formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land. [Written
also hydage.]

Hi*dal"go (?), n. [Sp., contr. fr. hijo de algo, i. e., son of
something; hijo son (fr. LL. filius) + algo something, fr. L. aliquod.
Cf. Fidalgo.] A title, denoting a Spanish nobleman of the lower class.

Hid"den (?), p. p. & a. from Hide. Concealed; put out of view; secret;
not known; mysterious.

Hidden fifths or octaves (Mus.), consecutive fifths or octaves, not
sounded, but suggested or implied in the parallel motion of two parts
towards a fifth or an octave.

Syn. -- Hidden, Secret, Covert. Hidden may denote either known to on
one; as, a hidden disease; or intentionally concealed; as, a hidden
purpose of revenge. Secret denotes that the thing is known only to the
party or parties concerned; as, a secret conspiracy. Covert literally
denotes what is not open or avowed; as, a covert plan; but is often
applied to what we mean shall be understood, without openly expressing
it; as, a covert allusion. Secret is opposed to known, and hidden to
revealed.

    Bring to light the hidden things of darkness.


1 Cor. iv. 5.

    My heart, which by a secret harmony Still moves with thine, joined
    in connection sweet.


Milton.

    By what best way, Whether of open war, or covert guile, We now
    debate.


Milton.

Hid"den*ite (?), n. [After W. E. Hidden.] (Min.) An emerald-green
variety of spodumene found in North Carolina; lithia emerald, -- used
as a gem.

Hid"den*ly (?), adv. In a hidden manner.

Hide (hd), v. t. [imp. Hid (hd); p. p. Hidden (hd"d'n), Hid; p. pr. &
vb. n. Hiding (hd"ng).] [OE. hiden, huden, AS. hdan; akin to Gr.
key`qein, and prob. to E. house, hut, and perh. to E. hide of an
animal, and to hoard. Cf. Hoard.] 1. To conceal, or withdraw from
sight; to put out of view; to secrete.

    A city that is set on an hill can not be hid.


Matt. v. 15.

    If circumstances lead me, I will find Where truth is hid.


Shak.

2. To withhold from knowledge; to keep secret; to refrain from avowing
or confessing.

    Heaven from all creatures hides the book of fate.


Pope.

3. To remove from danger; to shelter.

    In the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion.


Ps. xxvi. 5.

To hide one's self, to put one's self in a condition to be safe; to
secure protection. "A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth
himself." Prov. xxii. 3. -- To hide the face, to withdraw favor. "Thou
didst hide thy face, and I was troubled." Ps. xxx. 7. -- To hide the
face from. (a) To overlook; to pardon. "Hide thy face from my sins."
Ps. li. 9. (b) To withdraw favor from; to be displeased with.

Syn. -- To conceal; secrete; disguise; dissemble; screen; cloak; mask;
veil. See Conceal.

Hide, v. i. To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view; to be
withdrawn from sight or observation.

    Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you hide.


Pope.

Hide and seek, a play of children, in which some hide themselves, and
others seek them. Swift.

Hide, n. [AS. hd, earlier hged; prob. orig., land enough to support a
family; cf. AS. hwan, hgan, members of a household, and E. hind a
peasant.] (O. Eng. Law.) (a) An abode or dwelling. (b) A measure of
land, common in Domesday Book and old English charters, the quantity of
which is not well ascertained, but has been differently estimated at
80, 100, and 120 acres. [Written also hyde.]

Hide, n. [OE. hide, hude, AS. hd; akin to D. huid, OHG. ht, G. haut,
Icel. h, Dan. & Sw. hud, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; and cf. Gr. sky`tos
skin, hide, L. scutum shield, and E. sky. &radic;13.] 1. The skin of an
animal, either raw or dressed; -- generally applied to the undressed
skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses, etc.

2. The human skin; -- so called in contempt.

    O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's hide!


Shak.

Hide (hd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hided; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiding.] To flog;
to whip. [Prov. Eng. & Low, U. S.]

Hide"bound` (?), a. 1. Having the skin adhering so closely to the ribs
and back as not to be easily loosened or raised; -- said of an animal.

2. (Hort.) Having the bark so close and constricting that it impedes
the growth; -- said of trees. Bacon.

3. Untractable; bigoted; obstinately and blindly or stupidly
conservative. Milton. Carlyle.

4. Niggardly; penurious. [Obs.] Quarles.

Hid"e*ous (hd"*s; 277), a. [OE. hidous, OF. hidous, hidos, hidus,
hisdos, hisdous, F. hideux: cf. OF. hide, hisde, fright; of uncertain
origin; cf. OHG. egid horror, or L. hispidosus, for hispidus rough,
bristly, E. hispid.] 1. Frightful, shocking, or offensive to the eyes;
dreadful to behold; as, a hideous monster; hideous looks. "A piteous
and hideous spectacle." Macaulay.

2. Distressing or offensive to the ear; exciting terror or dismay; as,
a hideous noise. "Hideous cries." Shak.

3. Hateful; shocking. "Sure, you have some hideous matter to deliver."
Shak.

Syn. -- Frightful; ghastly; grim; grisly; horrid; dreadful; terrible.

-- Hid"e*ous*ly, adv. -- Hid"e*ous*ness, n.

Hid"er (?), n. One who hides or conceals.

Hid"ing, n. The act of hiding or concealing, or of withholding from
view or knowledge; concealment.

    There was the hiding of his power.


Hab. iii. 4.

Hid"ing, n. A flogging. [Colloq.] Charles Reade.

Hie (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hying.] [OE.
hien, hihen, highen, AS. higian to hasten, strive; cf. L. ciere to put
in motion, call upon, rouse, Gr. &?; to go, E. cite.] To hasten; to go
in haste; -- also often with the reciprocal pronoun. [Rare, except in
poetry] "My husband hies him home." Shak.

    The youth, returning to his mistress, hies.


Dryden.

Hie, n. Haste; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hi"ems (?), n. [L.] Winter. Shak.

||Hi"e*ra*pi"cra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; sacred + &?; bitter.] (med.)
||A warming cathartic medicine, made of aloes and canella bark.
||Dunglison.

Hi"er*arch (?), n. [LL. hierarcha, Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred (akin to
Skr. ishiras vigorous, fresh, blooming) + &?; leader, ruler, fr. &?; to
lead, rule: cf. F. hiÈrarque.] One who has high and controlling
authority in sacred things; the chief of a sacred order; as, princely
hierarchs. Milton.

{ Hi"er*arch`al (?), Hi`er*arch"ic (?), } a. Pertaining to a hierarch.
"The great hierarchal standard." Milton.

Hi`er*arch"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hiÈrarchique.] Pertaining to a
hierarchy. -- Hi`er*arch`ic*al*ly, adv.

Hi"er*arch`ism (?), n. The principles or authority of a hierarchy.

    The more dominant hierarchism of the West.


Milman.

Hi"er*arch`y (-), n.; pl. Hierarchies (-z). [Gr. 'ierarchi`a: cf. F.
hiÈrarchie.] 1. Dominion or authority in sacred things.

2. A body of officials disposed organically in ranks and orders each
subordinate to the one above it; a body of ecclesiastical rulers.

3. A form of government administered in the church by patriarchs,
metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, and, in an inferior degree, by
priests. Shipley.

4. A rank or order of holy beings.

    Standards and gonfalons . . . for distinction serve Of hierarchies,
    of orders, and degrees.


Milton.

Hi`er*at"ic (?), a. [L. hieraticus, Gr. &?;; akin to "iero`s sacred:
cf. F. hiÈratique.] Consecrated to sacred uses; sacerdotal; pertaining
to priests.

Hieratic character, a mode of ancient Egyptian writing; a modified form
of hieroglyphics, tending toward a cursive hand and formerly supposed
to be the sacerdotal character, as the demotic was supposed to be that
of the people.

    It was a false notion of the Greeks that of the three kinds of
    writing used by the Egyptians, two -- for that reason called
    hieroglyphic and hieratic -- were employed only for sacred, while
    the third, the demotic, was employed for secular, purposes. No such
    distinction is discoverable on the more ancient Egyptian monuments;
    bur we retain the old names founded on misapprehension.


W. H. Ward (Johnson's Cyc.).

Hi`er*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. "iero`s sacred + &?; to be strong, rule.]
Government by ecclesiastics; a hierarchy. Jefferson.

{ Hi"er*o*glyph (?), Hi`er*o*glyph"ic (?), } n. [Cf. F. hiÈroglyphe.
See Hieroglyphic, a.]

1. A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the
ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the
picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of
three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the
hieroglyphic proper, or figurative, in which the representation of the
object conveys the idea of the object itself; second, the ideographic,
consisting of symbols representing ideas, not sounds, as an ostrich
feather is a symbol of truth; third, the phonetic, consisting of
symbols employed as syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet,
having a certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel a.

2. Any character or figure which has, or is supposed to have, a hidden
or mysterious significance; hence, any unintelligible or illegible
character or mark. [Colloq.]

{ Hi`er*o*glyph"ic (?), Hi`er*o*glyph"ic*al (?), } a. [L.
hieroglyphicus, Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred + gly`fein to carve: cf. F.
hiÈroglyphique.]

1. Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pictures, or
figures; as, hieroglyphic writing; a hieroglyphic obelisk.

    Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his, hieroglyphical
    of wisest secrets.


Prof. Wilson.

2. Resembling hieroglyphics; not decipherable. "An hieroglyphical
scrawl." Sir W. Scott.

Hi`er*o*glyph`ic*ally (?), adv. In hieroglyphics.

Hi`er*og"ly*phist (?; 277), n. One versed in hieroglyphics. Gliddon.

Hi"er*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. "iero`s sacred + -gram.] A form of sacred or
hieratic writing.

Hi`er*o*gram"mat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hiÈrogrammatique.] Written in, or
pertaining to, hierograms; expressive of sacred writing. Bp. Warburton.

Hi`er*o*gram"ma*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. hiÈrogrammatiste.] A writer of
hierograms; also, one skilled in hieroglyphics. Greenhill.

{ Hi`er*o*graph"ic (?), Hi`er*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [L.
hierographicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. hiÈrographique.] Of or pertaining to
sacred writing.

Hi`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred + gra`fein to write:
cf. F. hiÈrographie.] Sacred writing. [R.] Bailey.

Hi`er*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. "iero`s sacred + &?; worship, &?; to
worship.] The worship of saints or sacred things. [R.] Coleridge.

{ Hi`er*o*log"ic (?), Hi`er*o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
hiÈrologique.] Pertaining to hierology.

Hi`er*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in, or whostudies, hierology.

Hi`er*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred + &?; discourse: cf. F.
hiÈrologie.] A treatise on sacred things; especially, the science which
treats of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians, or a
treatise on that science.

Hi"er*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. "iero`s sacred + &?; divination: cf. F.
hiÈromantie.] Divination by observing the objects offered in sacrifice.

Hi"er*o*mar`tyr (?), n. [Gr. "iero`s sacred + E. martyr.] A priest who
becomes a martyr.

||Hi`e*rom*ne"mon (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred + &?;
||mindful, fr. &?; to think on, remember.] (Gr. Antiq.) 1. The sacred
||secretary or recorder sent by each state belonging to the
||Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or minister. Liddel &
||Scott.

2. A magistrate who had charge of religious matters, as at Byzantium.
Liddel & Scott.

||Hi"er*on (?), n. [Gr. "iero`n.] A consecrated place; esp., a temple.

Hi`er*on"y*mite (?), n. [From St. Hieronymus, or Jerome.] (Eccl.) See
Jeronymite.

Hi*er"o*phant (h*r"*fant or h"r; 277), n. [L. hierophanta,
hierophantes, Gr. "ierofa`nths; "iero`s sacred + fai`nein to show, make
known: cf. F. hiÈrophante.] The presiding priest who initiated
candidates at the Eleusinian mysteries; hence, one who teaches the
mysteries and duties of religion. Abp Potter.

Hi`er*o*phan"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Of or relating to hierophants or
their teachings.

Hi`er*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; divination; "iero`s sacred + &?; to
view.] Divination by inspection of entrails of victims offered in
sacrifice.

||Hi`er*o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. -cÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; "iero`s
||sacred + &?; chest.] A receptacle for sacred objects.

Hi"er*our`gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; "iero`s sacred + &?; work.] A sacred or
holy work or worship. [Obs.] Waterland.

Hi`fa*lu"tin (?), n. See Highfaluting.

Hig"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Higgled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Higgling
(?).] [Cf. Haggle, or Huckster.] 1. To hawk or peddle provisions.

2. To chaffer; to stickle for small advantages in buying and selling;
to haggle.

    A person accustomed to higgle about taps.


Jeffry.

    To truck and higgle for a private good.


Emerson.

Hig`gle*dy-pig"gle*dy (?), adv. In confusion; topsy-turvy. [Colloq.]
Johnson.

Hig"gler (?), n. One who higgles.

High (?), v. i. [See Hie.] To hie. [Obs.]

    Men must high them apace, and make haste.


Holland.

High (?), a. [Compar. Higher (?); superl. Highest.] [OE. high, hegh,
hey, heh, AS. he·h, h&?;h; akin to OS. h&?;h, OFries. hag, hach, D.
hoog, OHG. h&?;h, G. hoch, Icel. h&?;r, Sw. hˆg, Dan. hˆi, Goth. hauhs,
and to Icel. haugr mound, G. h¸gel hill, Lith. kaukaras.] 1. Elevated
above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having
altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith;
lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower, tree; the sun is high.

2. Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable;
conspicuous; superior; -- used indefinitely or relatively, and often in
figurative senses, which are understood from the connection; as --

(a) Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual;
preÎminent; honorable; as, high aims, or motives. "The highest faculty
of the soul." Baxter.

(b) Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank,
reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in
the highest circles.

    He was a wight of high renown.


Shak.

(c) Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of high family.

(d) Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong; mighty;
powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious; majestic, etc.;
as, a high wind; high passions. "With rather a high manner." Thackeray.

    Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand.


Ps. lxxxix. 13.

    Can heavenly minds such high resentment show?


Dryden.

<! p. 693 !>

(e) Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble.

    Both meet to hear and answer such high things.


Shak.

    Plain living and high thinking are no more.


Wordsworth.

(f) Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a high
price.

    If they must be good at so high a rate, they know they may be safe
    at a cheaper.


South.

(g) Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; -- used in a bad
sense.

    An high look and a proud heart . . . is sin.


Prov. xxi. 4.

    His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to
    eighteen hundred foot.


Clarendon.

3. Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior degree;
as, high (i. e., intense) heat; high (i. e., full or quite) noon; high
(i. e., rich or spicy) seasoning; high (i. e., complete) pleasure; high
(i. e., deep or vivid) color; high (i. e., extensive, thorough)
scholarship, etc.

    High time it is this war now ended were.


Spenser.

    High sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies.


Baker.

4. (Cookery) Strong-scented; slightly tainted; as, epicures do not cook
game before it is high.

5. (Mus.) Acute or sharp; -- opposed to grave or low; as, a high note.

6. (Phon.) Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in
relation to the palate, as (ve), (fd). See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß
10, 11.

High admiral, the chief admiral. -- High altar, the principal altar in
a church. -- High and dry, out of water; out of reach of the current or
tide; -- said of a vessel, aground or beached. -- High and mighty
arrogant; overbearing. [Colloq.] -- High art, art which deals with
lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by an elevated style
avoiding all meretricious display. -- High bailiff, the chief bailiff.
-- High Church, &and; Low Church, two ecclesiastical parties in the
Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The
high-churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and
hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to
baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal
ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in
worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many
instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church
school. See Broad Church. -- High constable (Law), a chief of
constabulary. See Constable, n., 2. -- High commission court,a court of
ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England erected and united to the regal
power by Queen Elizabeth in 1559. On account of the abuse of its powers
it was abolished in 1641. -- High day (Script.), a holy or feast day.
John xix. 31. -- High festival (Eccl.), a festival to be observed with
full ceremonial. -- High German, or High Dutch. See under German. --
High jinks, an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild sport.
[Colloq.] "All the high jinks of the county, when the lad comes of
age." F. Harrison. -- High latitude (Geog.), one designated by the
higher figures; consequently, a latitude remote from the equator. --
High life, life among the aristocracy or the rich. -- High liver, one
who indulges in a rich diet. -- High living, a feeding upon rich,
pampering food. -- High Mass. (R. C. Ch.) See under Mass. -- High
milling, a process of making flour from grain by several successive
grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of by a single grinding. --
High noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian. -- High place
(Script.), an eminence or mound on which sacrifices were offered. --
High priest. See in the Vocabulary. -- High relief. (Fine Arts) See
Alto-rilievo. -- High school. See under School. High seas (Law), the
open sea; the part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any
particular sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the
coast line. Wharton. -- High steam, steam having a high pressure. --
High steward, the chief steward. -- High tea, tea with meats and extra
relishes. -- High tide, the greatest flow of the tide; high water. --
High time. (a) Quite time; full time for the occasion. (b) A time of
great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal. [Slang] -- High treason,
treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil offense.
See Treason.

It is now sufficient to speak of high treason as treason simply, seeing
that petty treason, as a distinct offense, has been abolished. Mozley &
W.

-- High water, the utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide; also,
the time of such elevation. -- High-water mark. (a) That line of the
seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water. (b) A mark
showing the highest level reached by water in a river or other body of
fresh water, as in time of freshet. -- High-water shrub (Bot.), a
composite shrub (Iva frutescens), growing in salt marshes along the
Atlantic coast of the United States. -- High wine, distilled spirits
containing a high percentage of alcohol; -- usually in the plural. --
To be on a high horse, to be on one's dignity; to bear one's self
loftily. [Colloq.] -- With a high hand. (a) With power; in force;
triumphantly. "The children of Israel went out with a high hand." Ex.
xiv. 8. (b) In an overbearing manner, arbitrarily. "They governed the
city with a high hand." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Syn. -- Tall; lofty; elevated; noble; exalted; supercilious; proud;
violent; full; dear. See Tall.

High (?), adv. In a high manner; in a high place; to a great altitude;
to a great degree; largely; in a superior manner; eminently;
powerfully. "And reasoned high." Milton. "I can not reach so high."
Shak.

High is extensively used in the formation of compound words, most of
which are of very obvious signification; as, high-aimed, high-arched,
high-aspiring, high-bearing, high-boasting, high-browed, high-crested,
high-crowned, high-designing, high-engendered, high-feeding,
high-flaming, high-flavored, high-gazing, high-heaped, high-heeled,
high-priced, high-reared, high-resolved, high-rigged, high-seated,
high-shouldered, high-soaring, high-towering, high-voiced, and the
like.

High and low, everywhere; in all supposable places; as, I hunted high
and low. [Colloq.]

High, n. 1. An elevated place; a superior region; a height; the sky;
heaven.

2. People of rank or high station; as, high and low.

3. (Card Playing) The highest card dealt or drawn.

High, low, jack, and the game, a game at cards; -- also called all
fours, old sledge, and seven up. -- In high and low, utterly;
completely; in every respect. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- On high, aloft; above.

    The dayspring from on high hath visited us.


Luke i. 78.

-- The Most High, the Supreme Being; God.

High (?), v. i. To rise; as, the sun higheth. [Obs.]

High"bind`er (?), n. A ruffian; one who hounds, or spies upon, another;
app. esp. to the members of certain alleged societies among the
Chinese. [U. S.]

High"-blown` (?), a. Inflated, as with conceit.

High"born` (?), a. Of noble birth. Shak.

High"-bred` (?), a. Bred in high life; of pure blood. Byron.

High"-built` (?), a. Of lofty structure; tall. "High-built organs."
Tennyson.

    The high-built elephant his castle rears.


Creech.

High"-church` (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or favoring, the party
called the High Church, or their doctrines or policy. See High Church,
under High, a.

High"-church`ism (?), n. The principles of the high-church party.

High"-church`man (?), n.; pl. -men (&?;). One who holds high-church
principles.

High"-church`man-ship, n. The state of being a high-churchman. J. H.
Newman.

High"-col`ored (?), a. 1. Having a strong, deep, or glaring color;
flushed. Shak.

2. Vivid; strong or forcible in representation; hence, exaggerated; as,
high-colored description.

High"-em*bowed ` (?), a. Having lofty arches. "The high-embowed roof."
Milton.

High"er*ing (?), a. Rising higher; ascending.

    In ever highering eagle circles.


Tennyson.

High`fa*lu"ting (?), n. [Perh. a corruption of highflighting.]
High-flown, bombastic language. [Written also hifalutin.] [Jocular, U.
S.] Lowell.

High"-fed` (?), a. Pampered; fed luxuriously.

High"-fin`ished (?), a. Finished with great care; polished.

High"fli`er (?), n. One who is extravagant in pretensions, opinions, or
manners. Swift.

High"-flown` (?), a. 1. Elevated; proud. "High-flown hopes." Denham.

2. Turgid; extravagant; bombastic; inflated; as, high-flown language.
M. Arnold.

High"-flushed` (?), a. Elated. Young.

High"fly`ing (?), a. Extravagant in opinions or ambition. "Highflying,
arbitrary kings." Dryden.

High"-go` (?), n. A spree; a revel. [Low]

High"-hand`ed (?), a. Overbearing; oppressive; arbitrary; violent; as,
a high-handed act.

High"-heart`ed (?), a. Full of courage or nobleness; high-souled. --
High"- heart`ed*ness, n.

High"-hoe` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European green woodpecker or yaffle.
[Written also high-hoo.]

High"-hold`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The flicker; -- called also high- hole.
[Local, U. S.]

High"land (?), n. Elevated or mountainous land; (often in the pl.) an
elevated region or country; as, the Highlands of Scotland.

Highland fling, a dance peculiar to the Scottish Highlanders; a sort of
hornpipe.

High"land*er (?), n. An inhabitant of highlands, especially of the
Highlands of Scotland.

High"land*ry (?), n. Highlanders, collectively.

High"-low` (?), n. A laced boot, ankle high.

High"ly, adv. In a high manner, or to a high degree; very much; as,
highly esteemed.

High"men (?), n. pl. Loaded dice so contrived as to turn up high
numbers. [Obs] Sir J. Harrington.

High"-met`tled (?), a. Having abundance of mettle; ardent; full of
fire; as, a high-mettled steed.

High"-mind"ed (?), a. 1. Proud; arrogant. [Obs.]

    Be not high-minded, but fear.


Rom. xi. 20.

2. Having, or characterized by, honorable pride; of or pertaining to
elevated principles and feelings; magnanimous; -- opposed to mean.

    High-minded, manly recognition of those truths.


A. Norton.

High"-mind`ed*ness, n. The quality of being highminded; nobleness;
magnanimity.

High"most` (?), a. Highest. [Obs.] Shak.

High"ness, n. [AS. he·hnes.] 1. The state of being high; elevation;
loftiness.

2. A title of honor given to kings, princes, or other persons of rank;
as, His Royal Highness. Shak.

High"-palmed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having high antlers; bearing full-grown
antlers aloft.

High"-pres`sure (?; 135), a. 1. Having or involving a pressure greatly
exceeding that of the atmosphere; -- said of steam, air, water, etc.,
and of steam, air, or hydraulic engines, water wheels, etc.

2. Fig.: Urgent; intense; as, a high- pressure business or social life.

High-pressure engine, an engine in which steam at high pressure is
used. It may be either a condensing or a noncondensing engine. Formerly
the term was used only of the latter. See Steam engine.

High" priest` (?). (Eccl.) A chief priest; esp., the head of the Jewish
priesthood.

High"-priest`hood (?), n. The office, dignity, or position of a high
priest.

High"-priest`ship, n. High- priesthood.

High"-prin`ci*pled (?), a. Possessed of noble or honorable principles.

High"-proof` (?), a. 1. Highly rectified; very strongly alcoholic; as,
high-proof spirits.

2. So as to stand any test. "We are high-proof melancholy." Shak.

High"-raised` (?), a. 1. Elevated; raised aloft; upreared.

2. Elated with great ideas or hopes. Milton.

High"-reach`ing (?), a. Reaching high or upward; hence, ambitious;
aspiring. Shak.

High"-red` (?), a. Of a strong red color.

High"road` (?), n. A highway; a much traveled or main road.

High"-sea`soned (?), a. Enriched with spice and condiments; hence,
exciting; piquant.

High"-sight`ed (?), a. Looking upward; supercilious. Shak.

High"-souled` (?), a. Having a high or noble spirit; honorable. E.
Everett.

High"-sound`ing (?), a. Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; as, high-sounding
words or titles.

High"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Full of spirit or natural fire; haughty;
courageous; impetuous; not brooking restraint or opposition.

High"-step`per (?), n. A horse that moves with a high step or proud
gait; hence, a person having a proud bearing. [Colloq.]

High"-stom`ached (?), a. Having a lofty spirit; haughty. [Obs.] Shak.

High"-strung` (?), a. Strung to a high pitch; spirited; sensitive; as,
a high-strung horse.

High"-swell`ing (?), a. Inflated; boastful.

Hight (?), n. A variant of Height.

Hight (?), v. t. & i. [imp. Hight, Hot (&?;), p. p. Hight, Hote (&?;),
Hoten (&?;). See Hote.] [OE. heiten, highten, haten, hoten; also hight,
hatte, hette, is called, was called, AS. htan to call, name, be called,
to command, promise; also htte is called, was called; akin to G.
heissen to call, be called, bid, Goth. haitan to call, in the passive,
to be called.] 1. To be called or named. [Archaic & Poetic.]

In the form hight, it is used in a passive sense as a present, meaning
is called or named, also as a preterite, was called or named. This form
has also been used as a past participle. See Hote.

    The great poet of Italy, That highte Dante.


Chaucer.

    Bright was her hue, and Geraldine she hight.


Surrey.

    Entered then into the church the Reverend Teacher. Father he hight,
    and he was, in the parish.


Longfellow.

    Childe Harold was he hight.


Byron.

2. To command; to direct; to impel. [Obs.]

    But the sad steel seized not where it was hight Upon the child, but
    somewhat short did fall.


Spenser.

3. To commit; to intrust. [Obs.]

    Yet charge of them was to a porter hight.


Spenser.

4. To promise. [Obs.]

    He had hold his day, as he had hight.


Chaucer.

Hight"en*er (?), n. That which heightens.

Highth (hth or htth), n. Variant of Height. [Obs.]

High"-toned` (?), a. 1. High in tone or sound.

2. Elevated; high-principled; honorable.

    In whose high-toned impartial mind Degrees of mortal rank and state
    Seem objects of indifferent weight.


Sir W. Scott.

High"-top` (?), n. A ship's masthead. Shak.

High"ty-tigh"ty (?), a. Hoity- toity.

High"way` (?), n. A road or way open to the use of the public; a main
road or thoroughfare.

Syn. -- Way; road; path; course.

High"way`man (?), n.; pl. Highwaymen (&?;). One who robs on the public
road; a highway robber.

High"-wrought` (?), a. 1. Wrought with fine art or skill; elaborate.
[Obs.] Pope.

2. Worked up, or swollen, to a high degree; as, a highwrought passion.
"A high-wrought flood." Shak.

Hi"gre (?), n. See Eagre. [Obs.] Drayton.

Hig"-ta`per (?), n. [Cf. Hag- taper.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Verbascum (V. Thapsus); the common mullein. [Also high-taper and
hag-taper.]

Hij"e*ra (?), Hij"ra (&?;), n. See Hegira.

Hi"lal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a hilum.

Hi"lar (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the hilum.

Hi*la"ri*ous (?), a. [L. hilaris, hilarus, Gr. &?;; cf. &?; gracious,
kindly.] Mirthful; noisy; merry.

Hi*lar"i*ty (?; 277), n. [L. hilaritas: cf. F. hilaritÈ. See
Hilarious.] Boisterous mirth; merriment; jollity. Goldsmith.

Hilarity differs from joy: the latter, excited by good news or
prosperity, is an affection of the mind; the former, produced by social
pleasure, drinking, etc., which rouse the animal spirits, is more
demonstrative.

Syn. -- Glee; cheerfulness; mirth; merriment; gayety; joyousness;
exhilaration; joviality; jollity.

Hil"a*ry term` (?). Formerly, one of the four terms of the courts of
common law in England, beginning on the eleventh of January and ending
on the thirty-first of the same month, in each year; -- so called from
the festival of St. Hilary, January 13th.

The Hilary term is superseded by the Hilary sittings, which commence on
the eleventh of January and end on the Wednesday before Easter. Mozley
& W.

Hil"ding (?), n. [Prob. a corruption of hindling, dim. of hind, adj.
Cf. Prov. E. hilderling, hinderling. See Hinderling.] A base, menial
wretch. -- a. Base; spiritless. [Obs.] Shak.

Hile (?), v. t. To hide. See Hele. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hile (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Hilum.

Hill (?), n. [OE. hil, hul, AS. hyll; akin to OD. hille, hil, L.
collis, and prob. to E. haulm, holm, and column. Cf. 2d Holm.] 1. A
natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common
level of the surrounding land; an eminence less than a mountain.

    Every mountain and hill shall be made low.


Is. xl. 4.

2. The earth raised about the roots of a plant or cluster of plants.
[U. S.] See Hill, v. t.

3. A single cluster or group of plants growing close together, and
having the earth heaped up about them; as, a hill of corn or potatoes.
[U. S.]

Hill ant (Zoˆl.), a common ant (Formica rufa), of Europe and America,
which makes mounds or ant-hills over its nests. -- Hill myna (Zoˆl.),
one of several species of birds of India, of the genus Gracula, and
allied to the starlings. They are easily taught to speak many words.
[Written also hill mynah.] See Myna. -- Hill partridge (Zoˆl.), a
partridge of the genus Aborophila, of which numerous species in habit
Southern Asia and the East Indies. -- Hill tit (Zoˆl.), one of numerous
species of small Asiatic singing birds of the family LeiotrichidÊ. Many
are beautifully colored.

<! p. 694 !>

Hill (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hilling.] To
surround with earth; to heap or draw earth around or upon; as, to hill
corn.

    Showing them how to plant and hill it.


Palfrey.

Hill"i*ness (?), n. The state of being hilly.

Hill"ing, n. The act or process of heaping or drawing earth around
plants.

Hill"ock (?), n. A small hill. Shak.

Hill"side` (?), n. The side or declivity of a hill.

Hill"top` (?), n. The top of a hill.

Hill"y (?), a. 1. Abounding with hills; uneven in surface; as, a hilly
country. "Hilly steep." Dryden.

2. Lofty; as, hilly empire. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Hilt (?), n. [AS. hilt, hilte; akin to OHG. helza, Prov. G. hilze,
Icel. hjalt.] 1. A handle; especially, the handle of a sword, dagger,
or the like.

Hilt"ed, a. Having a hilt; -- used in composition; as, basket-hilted,
cross- hilted.

Hi"lum (?), n. [L., a little thing, trifle.] 1. (Bot.) The eye of a
bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an
ovule or seed to its base or support; -- called also hile.

2. (Anat.) The part of a gland, or similar organ, where the blood
vessels and nerves enter; the hilus; as, the hilum of the kidney.

||Hi"lus (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Hilum, 2.

Him (?), pron. Them. See Hem. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Him, pron. [AS. him, dat. of h. &radic;183. See He.] The objective case
of he. See He.

    Him that is weak in the faith receive.


Rom. xiv. 1.

    Friends who have given him the most sympathy.


Thackeray.

In old English his and him were respectively the genitive and dative
forms of it as well as of he. This use is now obsolete. Poetically, him
is sometimes used with the reflexive sense of himself.

    I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster, Did bear him like a
    noble gentleman.


Shak.

Hi*ma"la*yan (?), a. [Skr. himlaya, prop., the abode of snow.] Of or
pertaining to the Himalayas, the great mountain chain in Hindostan.

Himp"ne (?), n. A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Him*self" (?), pron. 1. An emphasized form of the third person
masculine pronoun; -- used as a subject usually with he; as, he himself
will bear the blame; used alone in the predicate, either in the
nominative or objective case; as, it is himself who saved himself.

    But he himself returned from the quarries.


Judges iii. 19.

    David hid himself in the field.


1 Sam. xx. 24.

    The Lord himself shall give you a sign.


Is. vii. 14.

    Who gave himself for us, that he might . . . purify unto himself a
    peculiar people.


Titus ii. 14.

    With shame remembers, while himself was one Of the same herd,
    himself the same had done.


Denham.

Himself was formerly used instead of itself. See Note under Him.

    It comprehendeth in himself all good.


Chaucer.

2. One's true or real character; one's natural temper and disposition;
the state of being in one's right or sane mind (after unconsciousness,
passion, delirium, or abasement); as, the man has come to himself.

By himself, alone; unaccompanied; apart; sequestered; as, he sits or
studies by himself. -- To leave one to himself, to withdraw from him;
to let him take his own course.

Him*self" (?), Him*selve" (&?;), Him*selv"en (&?;), pron. pl.
Themselves. See Hemself. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Him*selve" (?), pron. See 1st Himself. [Obs.]

{ Him*yar"ic (?), Him`ya*rit"ic (?), } a. Pertaining to Himyar, an
ancient king of Yemen, in Arabia, or to his successors or people; as,
the Himjaritic characters, language, etc.; applied esp. to certain
ancient inscriptions showing the primitive type of the oldest form of
the Arabic, still spoken in Southern Arabia. Brande & C.

Hin (?), n. [Heb. hn.] A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing three
quarts, one pint, one gill, English measure. W. H. Ward.

Hind (?), n. [AS. hind; akin to D. hinde, OHG. hinta, G. hinde, hindin,
Icel., Sw., & Dan. hind, and perh. to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.),
E. hunt, or cf. Gr. &?; a young deer.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The female of the red
deer, of which the male is the stag.

2. (Zoˆl.) A spotted food fish of the genus Epinephelus, as E. apua of
Bermuda, and E. Drummond-hayi of Florida; -- called also coney, John
Paw, spotted hind.

Hind, n. [OE. hine, AS. hne, hna, orig. gen. pl. of hwan domestics;
akin to Icel. hj man and wife, domestics, family, Goth. heiwafrauja
master of the house, G. heirath marriage; cf. L. civis citizen, E. city
or E. home. Cf. Hide a measure of land.] 1. A domestic; a servant.
[Obs.] Shak.

2. A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant. [Eng.]

    The hind, that homeward driving the slow steer Tells how man's
    daily work goes forward here.


Trench.

Hind, a. [Compar. Hinder (?); superl. Hindmost (?), or Hindermost
(&?;).] [OE. hind, adv., back, AS. hindan behind. See Hinder, a.] In
the rear; -- opposed to front; of or pertaining to the part or end
which follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which leads or is
before; as, the hind legs or hind feet of a quadruped; the hind man in
a procession.

Hind"ber*ry (?), n. [AS. hindberie; akin to OHG. hintberi, G. himbeere.
So called because hinds or stags are fond of them. See 1st Hind, and
Berry.] The raspberry. [Prov. Eng.]

Hind"brain` (?), n. [Hind, adj. + brain.] (Anat.) The posterior of the
three principal divisions of the brain, including the epencephalon and
metencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the epencephalon only.

Hind"er (?), a. [OE. hindere, AS. hinder, adv., behind; akin to OHG.
hintar, prep., behind, G. hinter, Goth. hindar; orig. a comparative,
and akin to AS. hine hence. See Hence, He, and cf. Hind, a., Hindmost.]
Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or which
follows; as, the hinder part of a wagon; the hinder parts of a horse.

    He was in the hinder part of the ship.


Mark iv. 38.

Hin"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hindered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hindering.] [OE. hindren, hinderen, AS. hindrian, fr. hinder behind;
akin to D. hinderen, G. hindern, OHG. hintar&?;n, Icel. & Sw. hindra,
Dan. hindre. See Hinder, a.] 1. To keep back or behind; to prevent from
starting or moving forward; to check; to retard; to obstruct; to bring
to a full stop; -- often followed by from; as, an accident hindered the
coach; drought hinders the growth of plants; to hinder me from going.

    Them that were entering in ye hindered.


Luke xi. 52.

    I hinder you too long.


Shak.

2. To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut out.

    What hinders younger brothers, being fathers of families, from
    having the same right?


Locke.

Syn. -- To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog; prevent; stop;
interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct; debar; embarrass.

Hin"der, v. i. To interpose obstacles or impediments; to be a
hindrance.

    This objection hinders not but that the heroic action of some
    commander . . . may be written.


Dryden.

Hin"der*ance (?). n. Same as Hindrance.

Hin"der*er (?), n. One who, or that which, hinders.

Hind"er*est (?), a. Hindermost; -- superl. of Hind, a. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hind"er*ling (?), n. [AS. hinderling one who comes behind his
ancestors, fr. AS. hinder behind. See Hinder, a., and cf. Hilding.] A
worthless, base, degenerate person or animal. [Obs.] Callander.

{ Hind"er*most`, Hind"most` } (?), a. [The superlative of hind. See
Hind, a.] [Cf. AS. hindema (akin to Goth. hindumists), a superlative
from the same source as the comparative hinder. See Hinder, a., and cf.
Aftermost.] Furthest in or toward the rear; last. "Rachel and Joseph
hindermost." Gen. xxxiii. 2.

Hind"gut` (?), n. [Hind, a. + gut.] (Anat.) The posterior part of the
alimentary canal, including the rectum, and sometimes the large
intestine also.

Hin"di (?), n. [Prop. a Per. adj. meaning, Indian, Hindoo.] The name
given by Europeans to that form of the Hindustani language which is
chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the Devanagari character,
in which Sanskrit is written. Whitworth.

Hind"ley"s screw` (?). (Mech.) A screw cut on a solid whose sides are
arcs of the periphery of a wheel into the teeth of which the screw is
intended to work. It is named from the person who first used the form.

{ Hin"doo, Hin"du } (?; 277), n.; pl. Hindoos (#) or Hindus. [Per.
Hind, fr. Hind, Hindstn, India. Cf. Indian.] A native inhabitant of
Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is confined to the Dravidian and
Aryan races; as a religious name it is restricted to followers of the
Veda.

{ Hin"doo*ism, Hin"du*ism } (?), n. The religious doctrines and rites
of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.

{ Hin"doo*sta"nee, Hin"du*sta"ni } (?), a. [Hind. Hindstn an Indian,
fr. Hind. and Per. Hindstn India.] Of or pertaining to the Hindoos or
their language. -- n. The language of Hindostan; the name given by
Europeans to the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of
India. It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words.

Hin"drance (?), n. [See Hinder, v. t.] 1. The act of hindering, or the
state of being hindered.

2. That which hinders; an impediment.

    What various hindrances we meet.


Cowper.

    Something between a hindrance and a help.


Wordsworth.

Syn. -- Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; interruption;
check; delay; restraint.

Hin"du (?), n. Same as Hindoo.

Hine (?), n. [See Hind a servant.] A servant; a farm laborer; a
peasant; a hind. [Obs.]

    Bailiff, herd, nor other hine.


Chaucer.

Hinge (?), n. [OE. henge, heeng; akin to D. heng, LG. henge, Prov. E.
hingle a small hinge; connected with hang, v., and Icel. hengja to
hang. See Hang.]

1. The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a door, gate, lid,
etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a strip of leather, which
serves as a joint to turn on.

    The gate self-opened wide, On golden hinges turning.


Milton.

2. That on which anything turns or depends; a governing principle; a
cardinal point or rule; as, this argument was the hinge on which the
question turned.

3. One of the four cardinal points, east, west, north, or south. [R.]

    When the moon is in the hinge at East.


Creech.

    Nor slept the winds . . . but rushed abroad.


Milton.

Hinge joint. (a) (Anat.) See Ginglymus. (b) (Mech.) Any joint
resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are connected so as to permit
relative turning in one plane. -- To be off the hinges, to be in a
state of disorder or irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment.
Tillotson.

Hinge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hinging (?).] 1.
To attach by, or furnish with, hinges.

2. To bend. [Obs.] Shak.

Hinge (?), v. i. To stand, depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to
depend chiefly for a result or decision or for force and validity; --
usually with on or upon; as, the argument hinges on this point. I.
Taylor

Hinged (?), a. Furnished with hinges.

Hinge"less (?), a. Without a hinge or joint.

Hink (?), n. A reaping hook. Knight.

{ Hin"ni*ate (?), Hin"ny (?) } v. i. [L. hinnire.] To neigh; to whinny.
[Obs.]

Hin"ny, n.; pl. Hinnies (#). [L. hinnus, cf. Gr. &?;.] A hybrid between
a stallion and an ass.

Hin"ny, n. A term of endearment; darling; -- corrupted from honey.
[Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Hint (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hinting.] [OE.
henten, hinten, to seize, to catch, AS. hentan to pursue, take, seize;
or Icel. ymta to mutter, ymtr a muttering, Dan. ymte to whisper.
&radic;36. Cf. Hent.] To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote
allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner; as, to hint a suspicion.

    Just hint a fault and hesitate dislike.


Pope.

Syn. -- To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply.

Hint, v. i. To make an indirect reference, suggestion, or allusion; to
allude vaguely to something.

    We whisper, and hint, and chuckle.


Tennyson.

To hint at, to allude to lightly, indirectly, or cautiously.

Syn. -- To allude; refer; glance; touch.

Hint, n. A remote allusion; slight mention; intimation; insinuation; a
suggestion or reminder, without a full declaration or explanation;
also, an occasion or motive.

    Our hint of woe Is common.


Shak.

    The hint malevolent, the look oblique.


Hannah More.

Syn. -- Suggestion; allusion. See Suggestion.

Hint"ing*ly (?), adv. In a hinting manner.

Hip (?), n. [OE. hipe, huppe, AS. hype; akin to D. heup, OHG. huf, G.
h¸fte, Dan. hofte, Sw. hˆft, Goth. hups; cf. Icel. huppr, and also Gr.
&?; the hollow above the hips of cattle, and Lith. kumpis ham.]

1. The projecting region of the lateral parts of one side of the pelvis
and the hip joint; the haunch; the huckle.

2. (Arch.) The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping
sides or skirts of a roof, which have their wall plates running in
different directions.

3. (Engin) In a bridge truss, the place where an inclined end post
meets the top chord. Waddell.

Hip bone (Anat.), the innominate bone; -- called also haunch bone and
huckle bone. -- Hip girdle (Anat.), the pelvic girdle. -- Hip joint
(Anat.), the articulation between the thigh bone and hip bone. -- Hip
knob (Arch.), a finial, ball, or other ornament at the intersection of
the hip rafters and the ridge. -- Hip molding (Arch.), a molding on the
hip of a roof, covering the hip joint of the slating or other roofing.
-- Hip rafter (Arch.), the rafter extending from the wall plate to the
ridge in the angle of a hip roof. -- Hip roof, Hipped roof (Arch.), a
roof having sloping ends and sloping sides. See Hip, n., 2., and Hip,
v. t., 3. -- Hip tile, a tile made to cover the hip of a roof. -- To
catch upon the hip, or To have on the hip, to have or get the advantage
of; -- a figure probably derived from wresting. Shak. -- To smite hip
and thigh, to overthrow completely; to defeat utterly. Judg. xv. 8.

Hip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hipping.] 1. To
dislocate or sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip bone of
(a quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent depression of
that side.

2. To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in wrestling (technically
called cross buttock).

3. To make with a hip or hips, as a roof.

Hipped roof. See Hip roof, under Hip.

Hip (?), n. [OE. hepe, AS. heÛpe; cf. OHG. hiufo a bramble bush.]
(Bot.) The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose
(Rosa canina). [Written also hop, hep.]

Hip tree (Bot.), the dog- rose.

Hip, interj. Used to excite attention or as a signal; as, hip, hip,
hurra!

Hip, or Hipps (&?;), n. See Hyp, n. [Colloq.]

Hip"halt` (?), a. Lame in the hip. [R.] Gower.

{ Hip"pa (?), Hip"pe (?), } n. (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine decapod
crustaceans, which burrow rapidly in the sand by pushing themselves
backward; -- called also bait bug. See Illust. under Anomura.

||Hip*pa"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a pony, dim. of &?; a horse.]
||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of Tertiary mammals allied to the horse,
||but three-toed, having on each foot a small lateral hoof on each side
||of the main central one. It is believed to be one of the ancestral
||genera of the Horse family.

{ Hipped (?), Hip"pish (?), } a. [From 5th Hip.] Somewhat
hypochondriac; melancholy. See Hyppish. [Colloq.]

    When we are hipped or in high spirits.


R. L. Stevenson.

||Hip`po*bos"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "i`ppos horse + &?; to feed.]
||(Zoˆl.) A genus of dipterous insects including the horsefly or horse
||tick. -- Hip`po*bos"can (#), a.

Hip"po*camp (?), n. See Hippocampus.

Hip`po*cam"pal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hippocampus.

Hip`po*cam"pus (?), n. [L., the sea horse, Gr. &?; a hippocampus (in
senses 1 and 2); "i`ppos horse + &?; to bend.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A
fabulous monster, with the head and fore quarters of a horse joined to
the tail of a dolphin or other fish (Hippocampus brevirostris), -- seen
in Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot of Neptune. Fairholt.

<! p. 695 !>

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of lophobranch fishes of several species in which
the head and neck have some resemblance to those of a horse; -- called
also sea horse.

They swim slowly, in an erect position, and often cling to seaweeds by
means of the incurved prehensile tail. The male has a ventral pouch, in
which it carries the eggs till hatched.

3. (Zoˆl.) A name applied to either of two ridges of white matter in
each lateral ventricle of the brain. The larger is called hippocampus
major or simply hippocampus. The smaller, hippocampus minor, is called
also ergot and calcar.

Hip`po*cen"taur (?), n. [L. hippocentaurus, Gr. &?;; "i`ppos horse +
&?; centaur.] (Myth.) Same as Centaur.

Hip"po*cras (?), n. [F. hippocras, hypocras, NL. vinum hippocraticum,
lit., wine of Hippocrates.] A cordial made of spiced wine, etc.

Hip*poc"ra*tes (?), n. A famous Greek physician and medical writer,
born in Cos, about 460 B. C.

Hippocrates' sleeve, a conical strainer, made by stitching together two
adjacent sides of a square piece of cloth, esp. flannel of linen.

Hip"po*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his
teachings.

Hippocratic face [L. facies Hippocratica], the change produced in the
countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations,
excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are sunk,
the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin of the
forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips pendent,
relaxed, and cold; -- so called, as having been described by
Hippocrates. Dunglison. -- Hippocratic oath, an oath said to have been
dictated by Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still
administered to candidates for graduation in medicine.

Hip*poc"ra*tism (?), n. The medical philosophy or system of
Hippocrates.

Hip"po*crene (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; "i`ppos horse + &?; a fountain.]
A fountain on Mount Helicon in Búotia, fabled to have burst forth when
the ground was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. Also, its waters, which
were supposed to impart poetic inspiration. Keats.

    Nor maddening draughts of Hippocrene.


Longfellow.

Hip"po*crep"i*an (?), n. [See Hippocrepiform.] (Zoˆl.) One of an order
of fresh-water Bryozoa, in which the tentacles are on a lophophore,
shaped like a horseshoe. See PhylactolÊma.

Hip`po*crep`i*form (?), a. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + &?; shoe + -form.]
(Bot.) Shaped like a horseshoe.

Hip"po*dame (?), n. [Cf. F. hippopotame.] A fabulous sea monster.
[Obs.] Spenser.

Hip"po*drome (?), n. [L. hippodromos, Gr. &?;; "i`ppos horse + &?;
course, fr. &?; to run: cf. F. hippodrome.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A place set
apart for equestrian and chariot races.

2. An arena for equestrian performances; a circus.

Hip"po*griff (?), n. [F. hippogriffe; cf. It. ippogrifo. See
Hippopotamus, Griffon.] (Myth.) A fabulous winged animal, half horse
and half griffin. Milton.

Hip"po*lith (?), n. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + -lith.] A concretion, or kind
of bezoar, from the intestines of the horse.

Hip`po*pa*thol`o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + E. pathology: cf. F.
hippopathologie.] The science of veterinary medicine; the pathology of
the horse.

Hip*poph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hippophagous.] Eaters of horseflesh.

Hip*poph"a*gism (?), n. Hippophagy. Lowell.

Hip*poph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats horseflesh.

Hip*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + &?; to eat: cf. F.
hippophage.] Feeding on horseflesh; -- said of certain nomadic tribes,
as the Tartars.

Hip*poph"a*gy (?), n. [Cf. F. hippophagie.] The act or practice of
feeding on horseflesh.

Hip"po*phile (?), n. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + &?; to love.] One who loves
horses. Holmes.

Hip`po*pot"a*mus (?), n.; pl. E. Hippopotamuses (#), L. Hippopotami
(#). [L., from Gr.&?;; "i`ppos horse + &?; river. Cf. Equine.] (Zoˆl.)
A large, amphibious, herbivorous mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius),
common in the rivers of Africa. It is allied to the hogs, and has a
very thick, naked skin, a thick and square head, a very large muzzle,
small eyes and ears, thick and heavy body, and short legs. It is
supposed to be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also zeekoe, and river
horse. A smaller species (H. Liberiencis) inhabits Western Africa.

Hip*pot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + &?; to cut: cf. F.
hippotomie.] Anatomy of the horse.

Hip*pu"ric (?), a. [Gr. "i`ppos horse + o"y`ron urine: cf. F.
hippurique.] (Physiol. Chem.) Obtained from the urine of horses; as,
hippuric acid.

Hippuric acid, a white crystalline substance, containing nitrogen,
present in the urine of herbivorous animals, and in small quantity in
human urine. By the action of acids, it is decomposed into benzoic acid
and glycocoll.

Hip"pu*rite (?), n. [Gr. &?; decked with a horse's tail; "i`ppos horse
+ &?; tail: cf. F. hippurite.] (Paleon.) A fossil bivalve mollusk of
the genus Hippurites, of many species, having a conical, cup- shaped
under valve, with a flattish upper valve or lid. Hippurites are found
only in the Cretaceous rocks.

Hip"-roofed` (?), a. Having a hip roof.

Hip"shot` (?), a. [Hip + shot.] Having the hip dislocated; hence,
having one hip lower than the other. L'Estrange.

Hip" tree` (?). (Bot.) The dog- rose.

Hir (?), pron. [Obs.] See Here, pron. Chaucer.

Hir"cic (?), a. [Cf. F. hircique. See Hircin.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining
to, or derived from, mutton suet; -- applied by Chevreul to an oily
acid which was obtained from mutton suet, and to which he attributed
the peculiar taste and smell of that substance. The substance has also
been called hircin. Watts.

Hir"cin (?), n. [L. hircus, he- goat, buck: cf. F. hircine.] (Chem.)
Hircic acid. See Hircic. [R.]

{ Hir"cine (?), Hir"ci*nous (?), } a. [L. hircinus, fr. hircus hegoat:
cf. F. hircin.] 1. Goatlike; of or pertaining to a goat or the goats.

2. Of a strong goatish smell.

Hire (hr), pron. [Obs.] See Here, pron. Chaucer.

Hire (hr), n. [OE. hire, hure, AS. hr; akin to D. huur, G. heuer, Dan.
hyre, Sw. hyra.] 1. The price, reward, or compensation paid, or
contracted to be paid, for the temporary use of a thing or a place, for
personal service, or for labor; wages; rent; pay.

    The laborer is worthy of his hire.


Luke x. 7.

2. (Law.) A bailment by which the use of a thing, or the services and
labor of a person, are contracted for at a certain price or reward.
Story.

Syn. -- Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay.

Hire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hired (hrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiring.] [OE.
hiren, huren, AS. hrian; akin to D. huren, G. heuern, Dan. hyre, Sw.
hyra. See Hire, n.]

1. To procure (any chattel or estate) from another person, for
temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to purchase the use or
enjoyment of for a limited time; as, to hire a farm for a year; to hire
money.

2. To engage or purchase the service, labor, or interest of (any one)
for a specific purpose, by payment of wages; as, to hire a servant, an
agent, or an advocate.

3. To grant the temporary use of, for compensation; to engage to give
the service of, for a price; to let; to lease; -- now usually with out,
and often reflexively; as, he has hired out his horse, or his time.

    They . . . have hired out themselves for bread.


1 Sam. ii. 5.

Hire"less, a. Without hire. Davenant.

Hire"ling (-lng), n. [AS. hreling. See Hire, n., and -ling.] One who is
hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in
serving another are wholly gainful; a mercenary. "Lewd hirelings."
Milton.

Hire"ling, a. Serving for hire or wages; venal; mercenary. "Hireling
mourners." Dryden.

Hir"er (?), n. One who hires.

Hires (?), Hirs, pron. Hers; theirs. See Here, pron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hir*sute" (?), a. [L. hirsutus; prob. akin to horridus horrid. Cf.
Horrid.] 1. Rough with hair; set with bristles; shaggy.

2. Rough and coarse; boorish. [R.]

    Cynical and hirsute in his behavior.


Life of A. Wood.

3. (Bot.) Pubescent with coarse or stiff hairs. Gray.

4. (Zoˆl.) Covered with hairlike feathers, as the feet of certain
birds.

Hir*sute"ness, n. Hairiness. Burton.

Hir*tel"lous (?), a. [Dim., fr. L. hirtus hairy.] (Bot. & Zoˆl.)
Pubescent with minute and somewhat rigid hairs.

Hi*ru"dine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the leeches.

||Hir`u*din"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. hirudo, hirudinis, a leech.]
||(Zoˆl.) An order of Annelida, including the leeches; -- called also
||Hirudinei.

||Hi*ru"do (?), n. [L., a leech.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of leeches, including
||the common medicinal leech. See Leech.

Hi*run"dine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to the swallows.

||Hi*run"do (?), n. [L., swallow.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of birds including
||the swallows and martins.

His (?), pron. [AS. his of him, his, gen. masc. & neut. of h&?;, neut.
hit. See He.] 1. Belonging or pertaining to him; -- used as a
pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; as, tell John his papers are
ready; formerly used also for its, but this use is now obsolete.

    No comfortable star did lend his light.


Shak.

    Who can impress the forest, bid the tree Unfix his earth-bound
    root?


Shak.

Also formerly used in connection with a noun simply as a sign of the
possessive. "The king his son." Shak. "By young Telemachus his blooming
years." Pope. This his is probably a corruption of the old possessive
ending - is or -es, which, being written as a separate word, was at
length confounded with the pronoun his.

2. The possessive of he; as, the book is his. "The sea is his, and he
made it." Ps. xcv. 5.

His"ing*er*ite (?), n. [Named after W. Hisinger, a Swedish
mineralogist.] (Min.) A soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a hydrous
silicate of iron.

His*pan"ic (?), a. [L. Hispanicus.] Of or pertaining to Spain or its
language; as, Hispanic words.

His*pan"i*cism, n. A Spanish idiom or mode of speech. Keightley.

His*pan"i*cize (?), v. t. To give a Spanish form or character to; as,
to Hispanicize Latin words.

His"pid (?), a. [L. hispidus: cf. F. hispide.]

1. Rough with bristles or minute spines.

2. (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Beset with stiff hairs or bristles.

His*pid"u*lous (?), a. [Dim. of hispid.] (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Minutely
hispid.

Hiss (?). v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hissed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Hissing.]
[AS. hysian; prob. of imitative origin&?;; cf. LG. hissen, OD.
hisschen.] 1. To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like that of the
letter s, by driving the breath between the tongue and the teeth; to
make with the mouth a sound like that made by a goose or a snake when
angered; esp., to make such a sound as an expression of hatred,
passion, or disapproval.

    The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee.


Ezek. xxvii. 36.

2. To make a similar noise by any means; to pass with a sibilant sound;
as, the arrow hissed as it flew.

    Shod with steel, We hissed along the polished ice.


Wordsworth.

Hiss, v. t. 1. To condemn or express contempt for by hissing.

    If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, according as
    he pleased and displeased them.


Shak.

    Malcolm. What is the newest grief? Ros. That of an hour's age doth
    hiss the speaker.


Shak.

2. To utter with a hissing sound.

    The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise.


Tennyson.

Hiss, n. 1. A prolonged sound like that letter s, made by forcing out
the breath between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of
disapprobation or contempt.

    "Hiss" implies audible friction of breath consonants.


H. Sweet.

    A dismal, universal hiss, the sound Of public scorn.


Milton.

2. Any sound resembling that above described; as: (a) The noise made by
a serpent.

    But hiss for hiss returned with forked tongue.


Milton.

(b) The note of a goose when irritated. (c) The noise made by steam
escaping through a narrow orifice, or by water falling on a hot stove.

Hiss"ing, n. 1. The act of emitting a hiss or hisses.

2. The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision.
[Archaic]

    I will make this city desolate, and a hissing.


Jer. xix. 8.

Hiss"ing*ly, adv. With a hissing sound.

Hist (?), interj. [Cf. Dan. hys. &?;. Cf. Hush, Whist.] Hush; be
silent; -- a signal for silence. Milton.

His`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.] Same as Histology.

His`to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. genesis.] (Biol.) (a)
The formation and development of organic tissues; histogeny; -- the
opposite of histolysis. (b) Germ history of cells, and of the tissues
composed of cells. Haeckel.

His`to*ge*net"ic (?), a. [See Histogeny.] (Biol.) Tissue-producing;
connected with the formation and development of the organic tissues.

His*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + root of &?; to be born.]
(Biol.) Same as Histogenesis. Dunglison.

His*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who describes organic tissues; an
histologist.

His"to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to histography.

His*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -graphy.] A description
of, or treatise on, organic tissues.

His`to*hÊm"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. hÊmatin.] (Physiol.)
One of a class of respiratory pigments, widely distributed in the
animal kingdom, capable of ready oxidation and reduction.

His"toid (?), a. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -oid.] Resembling the normal
tissues; as, histoid tumors.

{ His`to*log"ic (?), His`to*log"ic*al } a. (Biol.) Pertaining to
histology, or to the microscopic structure of the tissues of living
organisms. -- His`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

His*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in histology.

His*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.] That branch of
biological science, which treats of the minute (microscopic) structure
of animal and vegetable tissues; -- called also histiology.

||His*tol"y*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "isto`s tissue + &?; to loosen,
||dissolve.] (Biol.) The decay and dissolution of the organic tissues
||and of the blood.

His`to*lyt"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to histolysis, or the
degeneration of tissues.

His*ton"o*my (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + &?; to distribute,
regulate.] The science which treats of the laws relating to organic
tissues, their formation, development, functions, etc.

His*toph"y*ly (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + Gr. &?; clan.] (Biol.) The
tribal history of cells, a division of morphophyly. Haeckel.

His*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. historialis: cf. F. historial.] Historical.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

His*to"ri*an (?), n. [F. historien.] 1. A writer of history; a
chronicler; an annalist.

    Even the historian takes great liberties with facts.


Sir J. Reynolds.

2. One versed or well informed in history.

    Great captains should be good historians.


South.

<! p. 696 !>

{ His*tor"ic (hs*tr"k), his*tor"ic*al (hs*tr"*kal), } a. [L.
historicus, Gr. "istoriko`s: cf. F. historique. See History.] Of or
pertaining to history, or the record of past events; as, an historical
poem; the historic page. -- His*tor"ic*al*ness, n. -- His*to*ric"i*ty
(#), n.

    There warriors frowning in historic brass.


Pope.

Historical painting, that branch of painting which represents the
events of history. -- Historical sense, that meaning of a passage which
is deduced from the circumstances of time, place, etc., under which it
was written. -- The historic sense, the capacity to conceive and
represent the unity and significance of a past era or age.

His*tor"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner of, or in accordance with,
history.

His*tor"i*cize (?), v. t. To record or narrate in the manner of a
history; to chronicle. [R.]

His"to*ried (?), a. Related in history.

His*to"ri*er (?), n. An historian. [Obs.]

||His`to*ri*ette" (?), n. [F., dim. of histoire a history.] Historical
||narration on a small scale; a brief recital; a story. Emerson.

His*tor"i*fy (?), v. t. [History + -fy.] To record in or as history.
[R.] Lamb.

    Thy conquest meet to be historified.


Sir P. Sidney.

His*to`ri*og"ra*pher (hs*t`r*g"r*fr), n. [L. historiographus, Gr.
"istoriogra`fos; "istori`a history + gra`fein to write: cf. F.
historiographe.] An historian; a writer of history; especially, one
appointed or designated to write a history; also, a title bestowed by
some governments upon historians of distinction.

His*to`ri*og"ra*pher*ship, n. The office of an historiographer.
Saintsbury.

His*to`ri*og"ra*phy (?), n. The art of employment of an
historiographer.

His*to`ri*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; history + -logy.] A discourse on
history. Cockeram.

His*to`ri*on"o*mer (?), n. [Gr. &?; history + &?; to distribute.] One
versed in the phenomena of history and the laws controlling them.

    And historionomers will have measured accurately the sidereal years
    of races.


Lowell.

His"to*rize (?), v. t. To relate as history; to chronicle; to
historicize. [R.] Evelyn.

His"to*ry (?), n.; pl. Histories (#). [L. historia, Gr. 'istori`a
history, information, inquiry, fr. 'istwr, "istwr, knowing, learned,
from the root of &?; to know; akin to E. wit. See Wit, and cf. Story.]

1. A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge of facts and events,
so obtained; hence, a formal statement of such information; a
narrative; a description; a written record; as, the history of a
patient's case; the history of a legislative bill.

2. A systematic, written account of events, particularly of those
affecting a nation, institution, science, or art, and usually connected
with a philosophical explanation of their causes; a true story, as
distinguished from a romance; -- distinguished also from annals, which
relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict
chronological order; from biography, which is the record of an
individual's life; and from memoir, which is history composed from
personal experience, observation, and memory.

    Histories are as perfect as the historian is wise, and is gifted
    with an eye and a soul.


Carlyle.

    For aught that I could ever read, Could ever hear by tale or
    history.


Shak.

    What histories of toil could I declare!


Pope.

History piece, a representation in painting, drawing, etc., of any real
event, including the actors and the action. -- Natural history, a
description and classification of objects in nature, as minerals,
plants, animals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit to the
senses.

Syn. -- Chronicle; annals; relation; narration. -- History, Chronicle,
Annals. History is a methodical record of important events which
concern a community of men, usually so arranged as to show the
connection of causes and effects, to give an analysis of motive and
action etc. A chronicle is a record of such events, conforming to the
order of time as its distinctive feature. Annals are a chronicle
divided up into separate years. By poetic license annals is sometimes
used for history.

    Justly CÊsar scorns the poet's lays; It is to history he trusts for
    praise.


Pope.

    No more yet of this; For 't is a chronicle of day by day, Not a
    relation for a breakfast.


Shak.

    Many glorious examples in the annals of our religion.


Rogers.

His"to*ry, v. t. To narrate or record. [Obs.] Shak.

His*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; tissue + &?; to cut.] The dissection of
organic tissues.

His"to*zyme (?), n. [Gr. &?; tissue + &?; leaven.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, to the presence of which
many normal decompositions and synthetical processes are supposed to be
due.

His"tri*on (?), n. [L. histrio: cf. F. histrion.] A player. [R.] Pope.

{ His`tri*on"ic (?), His`tri*on"ic*al (?) }, a. [L. histrionicus: cf.
F. histrionique. See Histrion.] Of or relating to the stage or a
stageplayer; befitting a theatre; theatrical; -- sometimes in a bad
sense. -- His`tri*on"ic*al*ly, adv.

    Tainted with false and histrionic feeling.


De Quincey.

His`tri*on"i*cism (?), n. The histrionic art; stageplaying. W. Black.

His"tri*o*nism (?), n. Theatrical representation; acting; affectation.
Sir T. Browne.

His"tri*o*nize (?), v. t. To act; to represent on the stage, or
theatrically. Urquhart.

Hit (?), pron. It. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hit, 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hide, contracted from hideth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Hit (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hit; p. pr. & vb. n. Hitting.] [OE.
hitten, hutten, of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hitte to hit, find, Sw. &
Icel. hitta.] 1. To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch,
usually with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed at).

    I think you have hit the mark.


Shak.

2. To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to the occasion; to
perform successfully; to attain to; to accord with; to be conformable
to; to suit.

    Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit the notes right.


Locke.

    There you hit him; . . . that argument never fails with him.


Dryden.

    Whose saintly visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight.


Milton.

    He scarcely hit my humor.


Tennyson.

3. To guess; to light upon or discover. "Thou hast hit it." Shak.

4. (Backgammon) To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the
opposing player; -- said of a single unprotected piece on a point.

To hit off, to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, to hit
off a speaker. Sir W. Temple. -- To hit out, to perform by good luck.
[Obs.] Spenser.

Hit (?), v. i. 1. To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; --
followed by against or on.

    If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and hit one against
    another?


Locke.

    Corpuscles, meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become
    conjoined with them.


Woodward.

2. To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, -- often
with implied chance, or luck.

    And oft it hits Where hope is coldest and despair most fits.


Shak.

    And millions miss for one that hits.


Swift.

To hit on or upon, to light upon; to come to by chance. "None of them
hit upon the art." Addison.

Hit, n. 1. A striking against; the collision of one body against
another; the stroke that touches anything.

    So he the famed Cilician fencer praised, And, at each hit, with
    wonder seems amazed.


Dryden.

2. A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance; as,
he made a hit.

    What late he called a blessing, now was wit, And God's good
    providence, a lucky hit.


Pope.

3. A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which hits
the mark; as, a happy hit.

4. A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of his
men. It counts less than a gammon.

5. (Baseball) A striking of the ball; as, a safe hit; a foul hit; --
sometimes used specifically for a base hit.

Base hit, Safe hit, Sacrifice hit. (Baseball) See under Base, Safe,
etc.

Hitch (hch), v. t. [Cf. Scot. hitch a motion by a jerk, and hatch,
hotch, to move by jerks, also Prov. G. hiksen, G. hinken, to limp,
hobble; or E. hiccough; or possibly akin to E. hook.] 1. To become
entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling.

    Atoms . . . which at length hitched together.


South.

2. To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; -- said of
something obstructed or impeded.

    Slides into verse, and hitches in a rhyme.


Pope.

    To ease themselves . . . by hitching into another place.


Fuller.

3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to interfere. [Eng.]
Halliwell.

Hitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hitching.] 1.
To hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast,
unite, or yoke; as, to hitch a horse, or a halter.

2. To move with hitches; as, he hitched his chair nearer.

To hitch up. (a) To fasten up. (b) To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a
sailor hitches up his trousers. (c) To attach, as a horse, to a
vehicle; as, hitch up the gray mare. [Colloq.]

Hitch, n. 1. A catch; anything that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an
obstacle; an entanglement.

2. The act of catching, as on a hook, etc.

3. A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an impediment; a temporary
obstruction; an obstacle; as, a hitch in one's progress or utterance; a
hitch in the performance.

4. A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; as, the sailor gave his
trousers a hitch.

5. (Naut.) A knot or noose in a rope which can be readily undone; --
intended for a temporary fastening; as, a half hitch; a clove hitch; a
timber hitch, etc.

6. (Geol.) A small dislocation of a bed or vein.

Hitch"el (?), n. & v. t. See Hatchel.

Hithe (h), n. [AS. h. Cf. Hide to conceal.] A port or small haven; --
used in composition; as, Lambhithe, now Lambeth. Pennant.

Hith"er (?), adv. [OE. hider, AS. hider; akin to Icel. hra, Dan. hid,
Sw. hit, Goth. hidr; cf. L. citra on this side, or E. here, he.
&radic;183. Cf. He.]

1. To this place; -- used with verbs signifying motion, and implying
motion toward the speaker; correlate of hence and thither; as, to come
or bring hither.

2. To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; -- in a sense not
physical.

    Hither we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of
    man.


Hooker.

Hither and thither, to and fro; backward and forward; in various
directions. "Victory is like a traveller, and goeth hither and
thither." Knolles.

Hith"er, a. 1. Being on the side next or toward the person speaking;
nearer; -- correlate of thither and farther; as, on the hither side of
a hill. Milton.

2. Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years
than.

    And on the hither side, or so she looked, Of twenty summers.


Tennyson.

    To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few years
    on the hither and thither side of thirty, the name of Charles
    Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton and Michael
    Faraday.


Huxley.

Hith"er*most` (?), a. Nearest on this side. Sir M. Hale.

Hith"er*to` (?), adv. 1. To this place; to a prescribed limit.

    Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further.


Job xxxviii. 11.

2. Up to this time; as yet; until now.

    The Lord hath blessed me hitherto.


Josh. xvii. 14.

Hith"er*ward (?), adv. [AS. hiderweard.] Toward this place; hither.

    Marching hitherward in proud array.


Shak.

Hit"ter (?), n. One who hits or strikes; as, a hard hitter.

Hive (?), n. [OE. hive, huve, AS. h&?;fe.] 1. A box, basket, or other
structure, for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees.
Dryden.

2. The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees. Shak.

3. A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd.

    The hive of Roman liars.


Tennyson.

Hive bee (Zoˆl.), the honeybee.

Hive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiving.] 1. To
collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; as, to
hive a swarm of bees.

2. To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate for
future need; to lay up in store.

    Hiving wisdom with each studious year.


Byron.

Hive, v. i. To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a
collective body. Pope.

Hive"less, a. Destitute of a hive. Gascoigne.

Hiv"er (?), n. One who collects bees into a hive.

Hives (?), n. [Scot.; perh. akin to E. heave.] (Med.) (a) The croup.
(b) An eruptive disease (Varicella globularis), allied to the chicken
pox.

Hizz (?), v. i. To hiss. [Obs.] Shak.

Ho (?), pron. Who. [Obs.] In some Chaucer MSS.

{ Ho, Hoa } (?), n. [See Ho, interj., 2.] A stop; a halt; a moderation
of pace.

    There is no ho with them.


Decker.

{ Ho, Hoa } (h), interj. [Cf. F. & G. ho.] 1. Halloo! attend! -- a call
to excite attention, or to give notice of approach. "What noise there,
ho?" Shak. "Ho! who's within?" Shak.

2. [Perhaps corrupted fr. hold; but cf. F. hau stop! and E. whoa.]
Stop! stand still! hold! - - a word now used by teamsters, but formerly
to order the cessation of anything. [Written also whoa, and, formerly,
hoo.]

    The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried "Hoo!"


Chaucer.

    An herald on a scaffold made an hoo.


Chaucer.

Hoar (?), a. [OE. hor, har, AS. hr; akin to Icel. hrr, and to OHG. hr
illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. Hei brightness of the sky, Goth.
hais torch, Skr. ktus light, torch. Cf. Hoary.] 1. White, or grayish
white; as, hoar frost; hoar cliffs. "Hoar waters." Spenser.

2. Gray or white with age; hoary.

    Whose beard with age is hoar.


Coleridge.

    Old trees with trunks all hoar.


Byron.

3. Musty; moldy; stale. [Obs.] Shak.

Hoar, n. Hoariness; antiquity. [R.]

    Covered with the awful hoar of innumerable ages.


Burke.

Hoar, v. t. [AS. hrian to grow gray.] To become moldy or musty. [Obs.]
Shak.

Hoard (?), n. See Hoarding, 2. Smart.

Hoard, n. [OE. hord, AS. hord; akin to OS. hord, G. hort, Icel. hodd,
Goth. huzd; prob. from the root of E. hide to conceal, and of L. custos
guard, E. custody. See Hide to conceal.] A store, stock, or quantity of
anything accumulated or laid up; a hidden supply; a treasure; as, a
hoard of provisions; a hoard of money.

Hoard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarding.] [AS.
hordian.] To collect and lay up; to amass and deposit in secret; to
store secretly, or for the sake of keeping and accumulating; as, to
hoard grain.

Hoard, v. i. To lay up a store or hoard, as of money.

    To hoard for those whom he did breed.


Spenser.

Hoard"er (?), n. One who hoards.

Hoard"ing (?), n. [From OF. hourd, hourt, barrier, palisade, of German
or Dutch origin; cf. D. horde hurdle, fence, G. horde, h¸rde; akin to
E. hurdle. &radic;16. See Hurdle.] 1. (Arch.) A screen of boards
inclosing a house and materials while builders are at work. [Eng.]

    Posted on every dead wall and hoarding.


London Graphic.

2. A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing, surrounding, or concealing
something.

    The whole arrangement was surrounded by a hoarding, the space
    within which was divided into compartments by sheets of tin.


Tyndall.

Hoared (?), a. Moldy; musty. [Obs.] Granmer.

Hoar"frost` (?), n. The white particles formed by the congelation of
dew; white frost. [Written also horefrost. See Hoar, a.]

    He scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes.


Ps. cxlvii. 16.

Hoar"hound` (?), n. Same as Horehound.

Hoar"i*ness (?), n. [From Hoary.] The state of being hoary. Dryden.

Hoarse (?), a. [Compar. Hoarser (?), superl. Hoarsest.] [OE. hors, also
hos, has, AS. hs; akin to D. heesch, G. heiser, Icel. hss, Dan. hÊs,
Sw. hes. Cf. Prov. E. heazy.] 1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice
or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a rough, harsh cry or
sound; as, the hoarse raven.

    The hoarse resounding shore.


Dryden.

2. Harsh; grating; discordant; -- said of any sound.

Hoarse"ly, adv. With a harsh, grating sound or voice.

Hoars"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarsened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hoarsening.] To make hoarse.

    I shall be obliged to hoarsen my voice.


Richardson.

Hoarse"ness (?), n. Harshness or roughness of voice or sound, due to
mucus collected on the vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the
cords.

<! p. 697 !>

Hoar"stone` (hr"stn`), n. A stone designating the bounds of an estate;
a landmark. Halliwell.

Hoar"y (?), a. 1. White or whitish. "The hoary willows." Addison.

2. White or gray with age; hoar; as, hoary hairs.

    Reverence the hoary head.


Dr. T. Dwight.

3. Hence, remote in time past; as, hoary antiquity.

4. Moldy; mossy; musty. [Obs.] Knolles.

5. (Zoˆl.) Of a pale silvery gray.

6. (Bot.) Covered with short, dense, grayish white hairs; canescent.

Hoary bat (Zoˆl.), an American bat (Atalapha cinerea), having the hair
yellowish, or brown, tipped with white.

Ho"at*zin (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Hoazin.

Hoax (?), n. [Prob. contr. fr. hocus, in hocus-pocus.] A deception for
mockery or mischief; a deceptive trick or story; a practical joke.
Macaulay.

Hoax, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoaxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoaxing.] To
deceive by a story or a trick, for sport or mischief; to impose upon
sportively. Lamb.

Hoax"er (?), n. One who hoaxes.

Hoa"zin (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A remarkable South American bird (Opisthocomus
cristatus); the crested touraco. By some zoˆlogists it is made the type
of a distinct order (Opisthocomi).

Hob (?), n. [Prob. akin to hump. Cf. Hub. ]

1. The hub of a wheel. See Hub. Washington.

2. The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate, where
things are put to be kept warm. Smart.

3. (Mech.) A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a
tap, used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm
wheels, etc.

Hob, n. [Orig. an abbrev. of Robin, Robert; Robin Goodfellow a
celebrated fairy, or domestic spirit. Cf. Hobgoblin, and see Robin. ]
1. A fairy; a sprite; an elf. [Obs.]

    From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . . Defend us, good Heaven !


Beau. & FL.

2. A countryman; a rustic; a clown. [Obs.] Nares.

{ Hob"a*nob` (?), Hob"and*nob`, } v. i. Same as Hobnob. Tennyson.

Hob"bism (?), n. The philosophical system of Thomas Hobbes, an English
materialist (1588-1679); esp., his political theory that the most
perfect form of civil government is an absolute monarchy with despotic
control over everything relating to law, morals, and religion.

Hob"bist (?), n. One who accepts the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes.

Hob"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hobbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hobbling
(?).] [OE. hobelen, hoblen, freq. of hoppen to hop; akin to D.
hobbelen, hoblen, hoppeln. See Hop to jump, and cf. Hopple ] 1. To walk
lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to walk with a hitch or hop, or with
crutches.

    The friar was hobbling the same way too.


Dryden.

2. To move roughly or irregularly; -- said of style in writing. Prior.

    The hobbling versification, the mean diction.


Jeffreys.

Hob"ble, v. t. 1. To fetter by tying the legs; to hopple; to clog. "
They hobbled their horses." Dickens

2. To perplex; to embarrass.

Hob"ble, n. 1. An unequal gait; a limp; a halt; as, he has a hobble in
his gait. Swift.

2. Same as Hopple.

3. Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment. Waterton.

Hob"ble*bush` (?), n. (Bot.) A low bush (Viburnum lantanoides) having
long, straggling branches and handsome flowers. It is found in the
Northern United States. Called also shinhopple.

{ Hob"ble*de*hoy` (?), Hob"ble*te*hoy` (?), } n. [Written also
hobbetyhoy, hobbarddehoy, hobbedehoy, hobdehoy.] [ Cf. Prob. E.
hobbledygee with a limping movement; also F. hobereau, a country
squire, E. hobby, and OF. hoi to-day; perh. the orig. sense was, an
upstart of to-day.] A youth between boy and man; an awkward, gawky
young fellow . [Colloq.]

    All the men, boys, and hobbledehoys attached to the farm.


Dickens. .

Hob"bler (?), n. One who hobbles.

Hob"bler, n. [OE. also hobeler, OF. hobelier, LL. hobellarius. See
Hobby a horse.] (Eng. Hist.) One who by his tenure was to maintain a
horse for military service; a kind of light horseman in the Middle Ages
who was mounted on a hobby. Hallam. Sir J. Davies.

Hob"bling*ly (?), adv. With a limping step.

Hob"bly (?), a. Rough; uneven; causing one to hobble; as a hobbly road.

Hob"by (?), n.; pl. Hobbies (#). [OE. hobi; cf. OF. hobe, hobÈ, F.
hobereau a hobby, a species of falcon. OF. hober to move, stir. Cf.
Hobby a horse.] (Zoˆl.) A small, strong-winged European falcon (Falco
subbuteo), formerly trained for hawking.

{ Hob"by (?), Hob"by*horse` (?), } n. [OE. hobin a nag, OF. hobin
hobby; cf. hober to stir, move; prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf.
Dan. hoppe a mare, dial. Sw. hoppa; perh. akin to E. hop to jump.] 1. A
strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally
from Ireland; an ambling nag. Johnson.

2. A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys
make believe to ride. [ Usually under the form hobbyhorse.]

3. A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a
favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort;
that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of
others; a ruling passion. [Usually under the form hobby.]

    Not one of them has any hobbyhorse, to use the phrase of Sterne.


Macaulay.

Hob`by*hors"ic*al (?), n. Pertaining to, or having, a hobby or whim;
eccentric; whimsical.[Colloq.] Sterne.

Hob"gob`lin (?), n. [See 2d Hob, and Goblin.] A frightful goblin; an
imp; a bugaboo; also, a name formerly given to the household spirit,
Robin Goodfellow. Macaulay.

Hob"i*ler (?), n.[See 2d Hobbler.] A light horseman. See 2d Hobbler.
[Obs.] Brande & C.

Ho"bit (?), n. [See Howitzer.] (Mil.) A small mortar on a gun carriage,
in use before the howitzer.

Hob"nail` (?), n. [1st hob + nail.] 1. A short, sharp-pointed, large-
headed nail, -- used in shoeing houses and for studding the soles of
heavy shoes.

2. A clownish person; a rustic. Milton.

Hobnail liver (Med.), a disease in which the liver is shrunken, hard,
and covered with projections like hobnails; one of the forms of
cirrhosis of the liver.

Hob"nail`, v. t. To tread down roughly, as with hobnailed shoes.

    Your rights and charters hobnailed into slush.


Tennyson.

Hob"nailed` (?), a. See with hobnails, as a shoe.

Hob"nob` (?), adv. [AS. habban to have + habban to have not; ne not +
habban to have. See Have, and cf. Habnab.] 1. Have or have not; -- a
familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking. Shak.

2. At random; hit or miss. (Obs.) Holinshed.

Hob"nob`, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hornobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hornobbing.] 1. To drink familiarly (with another). [ Written also
hob-a-nob.]

2. To associate familiarly; to be on intimate terms.

Hob"nob`, n. Familiar, social intercourse. W. Black.

Hob"or*nob` (?), adv. See Hobnob.

Ho"boy (?), n. A hautboy or oboe. [Obs.]

Hob"son's choice" (?). A choice without an alternative; the thing
offered or nothing.

It is said to have had its origin in the name of one Hobson, at
Cambridge, England, who let horses, and required every customer to take
in his turn the horse which stood next the stable door.

Hoc"co (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The crested curassow; -- called also royal
pheasant. See Curassow.

Hoche"pot (?), n. Hotchpot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hock (?), n. [So called from Hochheim, in Germany.] A Rhenish wine, of
a light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also given
indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.

Hock, Hough (&?;), n. [ AS. h&?;h the heel; prob. akin to Icel. hsinn
hock sinew, Dan. hasc, G. hechse, h‰chse, LG. hacke, D. hak; also to L.
coxa hip (cf. Cuisses), Skr. kaksha armpit. &radic;12. Cf. Heel.] 1.
(a) The joint in the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and shank,
or tibia and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man. (b) A piece
cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from either the front or hind leg, just
above the foot.

2. The popliteal space; the ham.

Hock, v. t. To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to
hamstring; to hough.

Hock"a*more (?), n. [See 1st Hock.] A Rhenish wine. [Obs.] See Hock.
Hudibras.

Hock"day` (?), n. [Cf. AS. hcor mockery, scorn.] A holiday
commemorating the expulsion of the Danes, formerly observed on the
second Tuesday after Easter; -- called also hocktide. [Eng.] [Written
also hokeday.]

Hock"ey (?), n. [From Hook, n.] 1. A game in which two parties of
players, armed with sticks curved or hooked at the end, attempt to
drive any small object (as a ball or a bit of wood) toward opposite
goals.

2. The stick used by the players. [Written also hookey and hawkey.]

Hock"herb` (?), n. (Bot.) The mallow.

Hoc"kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hockled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hockling
(?).] [From 2d Hock.] 1. To hamstring; to hock; to hough. Hanmer.

2. To mow, as stubble. Mason.

Ho"cus (?), v. t. [See Hocus- pocus.] 1. To deceive or cheat.
Halliwell.

2. To adulterate; to drug; as, liquor is said to be hocused for the
purpose of stupefying the drinker. Dickens.

3. To stupefy with drugged liquor. Thackeray.

Ho"cus, n. 1. One who cheats or deceives. South.

2. Drugged liquor.

Ho"cus-po"cus (?), n. [Prob. invented by jugglers in imitation of
Latin. Cf. Hoax, Hocus.] 1. A term used by jugglers in pretended
incantations.

2. A juggler or trickster. Sir T. Herbert.

3. A juggler's trick; a cheat; nonsense. Hudibras.

Ho"cus-po"cus, v. t. To cheat. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.

Hod (?), n. [Prov. E. for hold, i. e., that which holds. See Hold.] 1.
A kind of wooden tray with a handle, borne on the shoulder, for
carrying mortar, brick, etc.

2. A utensil for holding coal; a coal scuttle.

Hod"den*gray` (?), a. [Perh. akin to E. hoiden rustic, clownish.]
Applied to coarse cloth made of undyed wool, formerly worn by Scotch
peasants. [Scot.]

Hod"dy (?), n. [Prob. for hooded.] (Zoˆl.) See Dun crow, under Dun, a.

Hod"dy*dod`dy (?), n. [Prob. E. also hoddypeke, hoddypoule,
hoddymandoddy.] An awkward or foolish person. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Hodge"podge` (?), n. A mixed mass; a medley. See Hotchpot. Johnson.

Hodg`kin's dis*ease" (?). (Med.) A morbid condition characterized by
progressive anÊmia and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first
described by Dr. Hodgkin, an English physician.

{ Ho"di*ern (?), Ho`di*er"nal (?), } a. [L. hodiernus, fr. hodie
today.] Of this day; belonging to the present day. [R.] Boyle. Quart.
Rev.

Hod"man (?), n.; pl. Hodmen(&?;). A man who carries a hod; a mason's
tender.

Hod"man*dod (?), n. [Obs.] See Dodman. Bacon.

Hod"o*graph (?), n. [Gr.&?; path + graph.] (Math.) A curve described by
the moving extremity of a line the other end of which is fixed, this
line being constantly parallel to the direction of motion of, and
having its length constantly proportional to the velocity of, a point
moving in any path; -used in investigations respecting central forces.

Ho*dom"e*ter (?), n. See Odometer.

Hoe (?), n. [OF. hoe, F. houe; of German origin, cf. OHG. houwa, howa,
G. haue, fr. OHG. houwan to hew. See Hew to cut.] 1. A tool chiefly for
digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about plants in fields and
gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or
tang by which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle.

2. (Zoˆl.) The horned or piked dogfish. See Dogfish.

Dutch hoe, one having the blade set for use in the manner of a spade.
-- Horse hoe, a kind of cultivator.

Hoe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoeing.] [Cf. F.
houer.] To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; as,
to hoe the earth in a garden; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen
or arrange the earth about, with a hoe; as, to hoe corn.

To hoe one's row, to do one's share of a job. [Colloq.]

Hoe, v. i. To use a hoe; to labor with a hoe.

Hoe"cake` (?), n. A cake of Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before
the fire or in the ashes; -- so called because often cooked on a hoe.
[Southern U.S.]

Hoe"moth`er (?), n. [A local Orkney name; cf. Icel. hr.] (Zoˆl.) The
basking or liver shark; -- called also homer. See Liver shark, under
Liver.

Ho"ful (?), a. [AS. hogful, hohful, fr. hogu care, anxiety.] Careful;
wary. [Obs.] Stapleton.

Hog (?), n. [Prob. akin to E. hack to cut, and meaning orig., a
castrated boar; cf. also W. hwch swine, sow, Armor. houc'h, hoc'h. Cf.
Haggis, Hogget, and Hoggerel.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A quadruped of the genus Sus,
and allied genera of SuidÊ; esp., the domesticated varieties of S.
scrofa, kept for their fat and meat, called, respectively, lard and
pork; swine; porker; specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow.

The domestic hogs of Siam, China, and parts of Southern Europe, are
thought to have been derived from Sus Indicus.

2. A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow. [Low.]

3. A young sheep that has not been shorn. [Eng.]

4. (Naut.) A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a ship's bottom
under water. Totten.

5. (Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring the pulp of which
paper is made.

Bush hog, Ground hog, etc.. See under Bush, Ground, etc. -- Hog
caterpillar (Zoˆl.), the larva of the green grapevine sphinx; -- so
called because the head and first three segments are much smaller than
those behind them, so as to make a resemblance to a hog's snout. See
Hawk moth. -- Hog cholera, an epidemic contagious fever of swine,
attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance on the skin
and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a scarlet, purple, or black
color. It is fatal in from one to six days, or ends in a slow,
uncertain recovery. Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser.) -- Hog deer (Zoˆl.),
the axis deer. -- Hog gum (Bot.), West Indian tree (Symphonia
globulifera), yielding an aromatic gum. -- Hog of wool, the trade name
for the fleece or wool of sheep of the second year. -- Hog peanut
(Bot.), a kind of earth pea. -- Hog plum (Bot.), a tropical tree, of
the genus Spondias (S. lutea), with fruit somewhat resembling plums,
but chiefly eaten by hogs. It is found in the West Indies. -- Hog's
bean (Bot.), the plant henbane. -- Hog's bread.(Bot.) See Sow bread. --
Hog's fennel. (Bot.) See under Fennel. -- Mexican hog (Zoˆl.), the
peccary. -- Water hog. (Zoˆl.) See Capybara.

Hog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hogging.] 1. To
cut short like bristles; as, to hog the mane of a horse. Smart.

2. (Naut.) To scrub with a hog, or scrubbing broom.

Hog, v. i. (Naut.) To become bent upward in the middle, like a hog's
back; -- said of a ship broken or strained so as to have this form.

Hog"back` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) An upward curve or very obtuse angle in
the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid horizontally; --
the opposite of camber.

2. (Naut.) See Hogframe.

3. (Geol.) A ridge formed by tilted strata; hence, any ridge with a
sharp summit, and steeply sloping sides.

Hog"chain` (?), n. A chain or tie rod, in a boat or barge, to prevent
the vessel from hogging.

Hog"chok`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An American sole (Achirus lineatus, or A.
achirus), related to the European sole, but of no market value.

Hog"cote` (?), n. A shed for swine; a sty.

Hog"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A large West Indian and Florida food fish
(LachnolÊmus). (b) The pigfish or sailor's choice. (c) An American
fresh-water fish; the log perch. (d) A large, red, spiny-headed,
European marine fish (ScorpÊna scrofa).

Hog"frame` (?), n. (Steam Vessels) A trussed frame extending fore and
aft, usually above deck, and intended to increase the longitudinal
strength and stiffness. Used chiefly in American river and lake
steamers. Called also hogging frame, and hogback.

Hogged (?), a. (Naut.) Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve
between the ends. See Hog, v. i.

Hog"ger (?), n. A stocking without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.

Hog"ger*el (?), n. [From the same source as hog; prob. orig., a sheep
clipped the first year. See Hog.] A sheep of the second year. [Written
also hogrel.] Ash.

Hog"ger-pipe` (-pp`), n. (Mining) The upper terminal pipe of a mining
pump. Raymond.

<! p. 698 !>

Hog"ger-pump" (hg"gr-pmp`), n. (Mining) The top pump in the pit.
Raymond.

Hog"ger*y (?), n. Hoggish character or manners; selfishness; greed;
beastliness.

    Crime and shame And all their hoggery.


Mrs. Browning.

Hog"get (?), n. [See Hog, and Hoggerel.] 1. A young boar of the second
year.

2. A sheep or colt alter it has passed its first year.

Hog"ging (?), n. (Naut.) Drooping at the ends; arching; -- in
distinction from sagging.

Hogging frame. See Hogframe.

Hog"gish (?), a. Swinish; gluttonous; filthy; selfish. -- Hog"gish*ly,
adv. -- Hog"gish*ness, n.

    Is not a hoggish life the height of some men's wishes?


Shaftesbury.

Hogh (h), n. [Icel. haugr hill, mound; akin to E. high. See High.] A
hill; a cliff. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hog"herd (?), n. A swineherd. W. Browne.

Hog`ma*nay" (&?;), n. The old name, in Scotland, for the last day of
the year, on which children go about singing, and receive a dole of
bread or cakes; also, the entertainment given on that day to a visitor,
or the gift given to an applicant. [Scot.]

Hog"nose`snake" (?). (Zoˆl.) A harmless North American snake of the
genus Heterodon, esp. H. platyrhynos; -- called also puffing adder,
blowing adder, and sand viper.

Hog"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The pignut. See Hickory. (b) In England,
the Bunium flexuosum, a tuberous plant.

Ho"go (?), n. [Corrupted from F. haut go˚t.] High flavor; strong scent.
[Obs.] Halliwell.

Hog"pen` (?), n. A pen or sty for hogs.

Hog"reeve` (?), n. [See Reeve.] A civil officer charged with the duty
of impounding hogs running at large. [New Eng.] Bartlett.

Hog"ring`er (?), n. One who puts rings into the snouts of hogs.

Hog's"-back` (?), n. (Geol.) A hogback.

Hog"score` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Curling) A distance line drawn
across the rink or course between the middle line and the tee. [Scot.]

Hogs"head (?), n. [D. okshoofd; akin to Sw. oxhufvud, Dan. oxehoved, G.
oxhoft; apparently meaning orig., ox head, but it is not known why this
name was given. Cf. Ox, Head.] 1. An English measure of capacity,
containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52Ω imperial gallons; a half pipe.

The London hogshead of beer was 54 beer gallons, the London hogshead of
ale was 48 ale gallons. Elsewhere in England the ale and beer hogsheads
held 51 gallons. These measures are no longer in use, except for cider.

2. A large cask or barrel, of indefinite contents; esp. one containing
from 100 to 140 gallons. [U. S.]

Hog"skin` (?), n. Leather tanned from a hog's skin. Also used
adjectively.

Hog"sty` (?), n.; pl. Hogsties (&?;). A pen, house, or inclosure, for
hogs.

Hog"wash` (?), n. Swill. Arbuthnot.

Hog"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A common weed (Ambrosia artemisiÊge). See
Ambrosia, 3. (b) In England, the Heracleum Sphondylium.

Hoi"den (?), n. [OE. hoydon a lout, rustic, OD. heyden a heathen,
gypsy, vagabond, D. heiden, fr. OD. heyde heath, D. heide. See Heathen,
Heath.] [Written also hoyden.] 1. A rude, clownish youth. [Obs.]
Milton.

2. A rude, bold girl; a romp. H. Kingsley.

Hoi"den, a. Rustic; rude; bold. Younq.

Hoi"den, v. i. To romp rudely or indecently. Swift.

Hoi"den*hood (?), n. State of being a hoiden.

Hoi"den*ish, a. Like, or appropriate to, a hoiden.

Hoise (?), v. t. [See Hoist.] To hoist. [Obs.]

    They . . . hoised up the mainsail to the wind.


Acts xxvii. 40.

Hoist (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoisting.] [OE.
hoise, hyse, OD. hyssen, D. hijshen; akin to LG. hissen, Dan. hisse,
Sw. hissa.] To raise; to lift; to elevate; esp., to raise or lift to a
desired elevation, by means of tackle, as a sail, a flag, a heavy
package or weight.

    They land my goods, and hoist my flying sails.


Pope.

    Hoisting him into his father's throne.


South.

Hoisting engine, a steam engine for operating a hoist.

Hoist, n. 1. That by which anything is hoisted; the apparatus for
lifting goods.

2. The act of hoisting; a lift. [Collog.]

3. (Naut.) (a) The perpendicular height of a flag, as opposed to the
fly, or horizontal length when flying from a staff. (b) The height of a
fore-and-aft sail next the mast or stay. Totten.

Hoist bridge, a drawbridge that is lifted instead of being swung or
drawn aside.

Hoist, p. p. Hoisted. [Obs.]

    'T is the sport to have the enginer Hoist with his own petar.


Shak.

Hoist"a*way` (?), n. A mechanical lift. See Elevator.

Hoist"way` (?), n. An opening for the hoist, or elevator, in the floor
of a wareroom.

Hoit (?), v. i. [Gf. W. hoetian to dally, dandle.] To leap; to caper;
to romp noisily. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Hoi"ty-toi`ty (?), a. [From Hoit.] Thoughtless; giddy; flighty; also,
haughty; patronizing; as, to be in hoity-toity spirits, or to assume
hoity-toity airs; used also as an exclamation, denoting surprise or
disapprobation, with some degree of contempt.

    Hoity-toity! What have I to do with dreams?


Congreve.

Hoke"day` (?), n. Same as Hockday.

Ho"ker (?), n. [AS. hcor.] Scorn; derision; abusive talk. [Obs.] --
Ho"ker*ly, adv. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hol (?), a. [See Whole.] Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hol`as*pid"e*an (?), a. [Holo- + Gr.&?;, &?;, shield.] (Zoˆl.) Having a
single series of large scutes on the posterior side of the tarsus; --
said of certain birds.

Hol"cad (?), n. [Gr. 'olka`s, -a`dos, a ship which is towed, a ship of
burden, fr. 'e`lkein to draw. Gf. Hulk.] A large ship of burden, in
ancient Greece. Mitford.

Hold (?), n. [D. hol hole, hollow. See Hole.] (Naut.) The whole
interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck, in which the cargo
is stowed.

Hold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Held (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Holding. Holden
(&?;), p. p., is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal
language.] [OE. haldan, D. houden, OHG. hoten, Icel. halda, Dan. holde,
Sw. hÂlla, Goth. haldan to feed, tend (the cattle); of unknown origin.
Gf. Avast, Halt, Hod.]

1. To cause to remain in a given situation, position, or relation,
within certain limits, or the like; to prevent from falling or
escaping; to sustain; to restrain; to keep in the grasp; to retain.

    The loops held one curtain to another.


Ex. xxxvi. 12.

    Thy right hand shall hold me.


Ps. cxxxix. 10.

    They all hold swords, being expert in war.


Cant. iii. 8.

    In vain he seeks, that having can not hold.


Spenser.

    France, thou mayst hold a serpent by the tongue, . . . A fasting
    tiger safer by the tooth, Than keep in peace that hand which thou
    dost hold.


Shak.

2. To retain in one's keeping; to maintain possession of, or authority
over; not to give up or relinquish; to keep; to defend.

    We mean to hold what anciently we claim Of deity or empire.


Milton.

3. To have; to possess; to be in possession of; to occupy; to derive
title to; as, to hold office.

    This noble merchant held a noble house.


Chaucer.

    Of him to hold his seigniory for a yearly tribute.


Knolles.

    And now the strand, and now the plain, they held.


Dryden.

4. To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind
legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.

    We can not hold mortality's strong hand.


Shak.

    Death! what do'st? O, hold thy blow.


Grashaw.

    He had not sufficient judgment and self-command to hold his tongue.


Macaulay.

5. To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a
course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.

    Hold not thy peace, and be not still.


Ps. lxxxiii. 1.

    Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost, Shall hold their
    course.


Milton.

6. To prosecute, have, take, or join in, as something which is the
result of united action; as to, hold a meeting, a festival, a session,
etc.; hence, to direct and bring about officially; to conduct or
preside at; as, the general held a council of war; a judge holds a
court; a clergyman holds a service.

    I would hold more talk with thee.


Shak.

7. To receive and retain; to contain as a vessel; as, this pail holds
milk; hence, to be able to receive and retain; to have capacity or
containing power for.

    Broken cisterns that can hold no water.


Jer. ii. 13.

    One sees more devils than vast hell can hold.


Shak.

8. To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of, openly or
privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to sustain.

    Stand fast and hold the traditions which ye have been taught.


2 Thes. ii.15.

    But still he held his purpose to depart.


Dryden.

9. To consider; to regard; to esteem; to account; to think; to judge.

    I hold him but a fool.


Shak.

    I shall never hold that man my friend.


Shak.

    The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.


Ex. xx. 7.

10. To bear, carry, or manage; as he holds himself erect; he holds his
head high.

    Let him hold his fingers thus.


Shak.

To hold a wager, to lay or hazard a wager. Swift. -- To hold forth, to
offer; to exhibit; to propose; to put forward. "The propositions which
books hold forth and pretend to teach." Locke. -- To held in, to
restrain; to curd. -- To hold in hand, to toy with; to keep in
expectation; to have in one's power. [Obs.]

    O, fie! to receive favors, return falsehoods, And hold a lady in
    hand.


Beaw. & Fl.

-- To hold in play, to keep under control; to dally with. Macaulay. --
To hold off, to keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to hold in being,
continuance or position; as, to hold a rider on. -- To hold one's day,
to keep one's appointment. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To hold one's own. (a) To
keep good one's present condition absolutely or relatively; not to fall
off, or to lose ground; as, a ship holds her own when she does not lose
ground in a race or chase; a man holds his own when he does not lose
strength or weight. -- To hold one's peace, to keep silence.- To hold
out. (a) To extend; to offer. "Fortune holds out these to you as
rewards." B. Jonson. (b) To continue to do or to suffer; to endure. "He
can not long hold out these pangs." Shak. -- To hold up. (a) To raise;
to lift; as, hold up your head. (b) To support; to sustain. "He holds
himself up in virtue."Sir P. Sidney. (c) To exhibit; to display; as, he
was held up as an example. (d) To rein in; to check; to halt; as, hold
up your horses. -- To hold water. (a) Literally, to retain water
without leaking; hence (Fig.), to be whole, sound, consistent, without
gaps or holes; -- commonly used in a negative sense; as, his statements
will not hold water. [Collog.] (b) (Naut.) To hold the oars steady in
the water, thus checking the headway of a boat.

Hold, v. i. In general, to keep one's self in a given position or
condition; to remain fixed. Hence:

1. Not to move; to halt; to stop; -- mostly in the imperative.

    And damned be him that first cries, "Hold, enough!"


Shak.

2. Not to give way; not to part or become separated; to remain unbroken
or unsubdued.

    Our force by land hath nobly held.


Shak.

3. Not to fail or be found wanting; to continue; to last; to endure a
test or trial; to abide; to persist.

    While our obedience holds.


Milton.

    The rule holds in land as all other commodities.


Locke.

4. Not to fall away, desert, or prove recreant; to remain attached; to
cleave; -- often with with, to, or for.

    He will hold to the one and despise the other.


Matt. vi. 24

5. To restrain one's self; to refrain.

    His dauntless heart would fain have held From weeping, but his eyes
    rebelled.


Dryden.

6. To derive right or title; -- generally with of.

    My crown is absolute, and holds of none.


Dryden.

    His imagination holds immediately from nature.


Hazlitt.

Hold on! Hold up! wait; stop; forbear. [Collog] -- To hold forth, to
speak in public; to harangue; to preach. L'Estrange. -- To hold in, to
restrain one's self; as, he wanted to laugh and could hardly hold in.
-- To hold off, to keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to keep fast
hold; to continue; to go on. "The trade held on for many years," Swift.
-- To hold out, to last; to endure; to continue; to maintain one's
self; not to yield or give way. -- To hold over, to remain in office,
possession, etc., beyond a certain date. -- To hold to or with, to take
sides with, as a person or opinion. -- To hold together, to be joined;
not to separate; to remain in union. Dryden. Locke. -- To hold up. (a)
To support one's self; to remain unbent or unbroken; as, to hold up
under misfortunes. (b) To cease raining; to cease to stop; as, it holds
up. Hudibras. (c) To keep up; not to fall behind; not to lose ground.
Collier.

Hold (?), n. 1. The act of holding, as in or with the hands or arms;
the manner of holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; clasp;
gripe; possession; -- often used with the verbs take and lay.

    Ne have I not twelve pence within mine hold.


Chaucer.

    Thou should'st lay hold upon him.


B. Jonson.

    My soul took hold on thee.


Addison.

    Take fast hold of instruction.


Pror. iv. 13.

2. The authority or ground to take or keep; claim.

    The law hath yet another hold on you.


Shak.

3. Binding power and influence.

    Fear . . . by which God and his laws take the surest hold of.


Tillotson.

4. Something that may be grasped; means of support.

    If a man be upon an high place without rails or good hold, he is
    ready to fall.


Bacon.

5. A place of confinement; a prison; confinement; custody; guard.

    They . . . put them in hold unto the next day.


Acts. iv. 3.

    King Richard, he is in the mighty hold Of Bolingbroke.


Shak.

6. A place of security; a fortified place; a fort; a castle; -- often
called a stronghold. Chaucer.

    New comers in an ancient hold


Tennyson.

7. (Mus.) A character [thus &?;] placed over or under a note or rest,
and indicating that it is to be prolonged; -- called also pause, and
corona.

Hold"back` (?), n. 1. Check; hindrance; restraint; obstacle.

    The only holdback is the affection . . . that we bear to our
    wealth.


Hammond.

2. The projection or loop on the thill of a vehicle. to which a strap
of the harness is attached, to hold back a carriage when going down
hill, or in backing; also, the strap or part of the harness so used.

Hold"er, (&?;) n. One who is employed in the hold of a vessel.

Hold"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, holds.

2. One who holds land, etc., under another; a tenant.

3. (Com.) The payee of a bill of exchange or a promissory note, or the
one who owns or holds it.

Holder is much used as the second part of a compound; as, shareholder,
officeholder, stockholder,etc.

Hold"er-forth` (?), n. One who speaks in public; an haranguer; a
preacher. Addison.

Hold"fast` (?), n. 1. Something used to secure and hold in place
something else, as a long flat-headed nail, a catch a hook, a clinch, a
clamp, etc.; hence, a support. "His holdfast was gone." Bp. Montagu.

2. (Bot.) A conical or branching body, by which a seaweed is attached
to its support, and differing from a root in that it is not specially
absorbent of moisture.

Hold"ing, n. 1. The act or state of sustaining, grasping, or retaining.

2. A tenure; a farm or other estate held of another.

3. That which holds, binds, or influences. Burke.

4. The burden or chorus of a song. [Obs.] Shak.

Holding note (Mus.), a note sustained in one part, while the other
parts move.

Hole (hl), a. Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hole, n. [OE. hol, hole, AS. hol, hole, cavern, from hol, a., hollow;
akin to D. hol, OHG. hol, G. hohl, Dan. huul hollow, hul hole, Sw. hÂl,
Icel. hola; prob. from the root of AS. helan to conceal. See Hele,
Hell, and cf. Hold of a ship.] 1. A hollow place or cavity; an
excavation; a pit; an opening in or through a solid body, a fabric,
etc.; a perforation; a rent; a fissure.

    The holes where eyes should be.


Shak.

    The blind walls Were full of chinks and holes.


Tennyson.

    The priest took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid.


2 Kings xii. 9.

2. An excavation in the ground, made by an animal to live in, or a
natural cavity inhabited by an animal; hence, a low, narrow, or dark
lodging or place; a mean habitation. Dryden.

    The foxes have holes, . . . but the Son of man hath not where to
    lay his head.


Luke ix. 58.

Syn. -- Hollow; concavity; aperture; rent; fissure; crevice; orifice;
interstice; perforation; excavation; pit; cave; den; cell.

Hole and corner, clandestine, underhand. [Colloq.] "The wretched
trickery of hole and corner buffery." Dickens. -- Hole board (Fancy
Weaving), a board having holes through which cords pass which lift
certain warp threads; -- called also compass board.

<! p. 699 !>

Hole (?), v. t. [AS. holian. See Hole, n.] 1. To cut, dig, or bore a
hole or holes in; as, to hole a post for the insertion of rails or
bars. Chapman.

2. To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a billiard ball.

Hole, v. i. To go or get into a hole. B. Jonson.

Hol*eth"nic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a holethnos or parent race.

    The holethnic history of the Arians.


London Academy.

Hol*eth"nos (?), n. [Holo + Gr. &?; race.] A parent stock or race of
people, not yet divided into separate branches or tribes.

Hol"i*but (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Halibut.

Hol"i*dam (?), n. [Obs.] See Halidom.

Hol"i*day (?), n. [Holy + day.] 1. A consecrated day; religious
anniversary; a day set apart in honor of some person, or in
commemoration of some event. See Holyday.

2. A day of exemption from labor; a day of amusement and gayety; a
festival day.

    And young and old come forth to play On a sunshine holiday.


Milton.

3. (Law) A day fixed by law for suspension of business; a legal
holiday.

In the United States legal holidays, so called, are determined by law,
commonly by the statutes of the several States. The holidays most
generally observed are: the 22d day of February (Washington's
birthday), the 30th day of May (Memorial day), the 4th day of July
(Independence day), the 25th day of December (Christmas day). In most
of the States the 1st day of January is a holiday. When any of these
days falls on Sunday, usually the Monday following is observed as the
holiday. In many of the States a day in the spring (as Good Friday, or
the first Thursday in April), and a day in the fall (as the last
Thursday in November) are now regularly appointed by Executive
proclamation to be observed, the former as a day of fasting and prayer,
the latter as a day of thanksgiving and are kept as holidays. In
England, the days of the greater church feasts (designated in the
calendar by a red letter, and commonly called red-letter days) are
observed as general holidays. Bank holidays are those on which, by act
of Parliament, banks may suspend business. Although Sunday is a holiday
in the sense of a day when business is legally suspended, it is not
usually included in the general term, the phrase "Sundays and holidays"
being more common.

The holidays, any fixed or usual period for relaxation or festivity;
especially, Christmas and New Year's day with the intervening time.

Hol`i*day, a. 1. Of or pertaining to a festival; cheerful; joyous; gay.
Shak.

2. Occurring rarely; adapted for a special occasion.

    Courage is but a holiday kind of virtue, to be seldom exercised.


Dryden.

Ho"li*ly (?), adv. [From Holy.] 1. Piously; with sanctity; in a holy
manner.

2. Sacredly; inviolably. [R.] Shak.

Ho"li*ness, n. [AS. hlignes.] 1. The state or quality of being holy;
perfect moral integrity or purity; freedom from sin; sanctity;
innocence.

    Who is like thee, glorious in holiness!


Ex. xv. 11.

2. The state of being hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his
worship; sacredness.

    Israel was holiness unto the Lord.


Jer.ii.3.

His holiness, a title of the pope; -- formerly given also to Greek
bishops and Greek emperors.

Syn. -- Piety; devotion; godliness; sanctity; sacredness;
righteousness.

Hol"ing (?), n. [See Hole a hollow.] (Mining) Undercutting in a bed of
coal, in order to bring down the upper mass. Raymond.

Hol"la (?), interj. [F. hola; ho ho + l‡ there, fr. L. illac that way,
there. Cf. Hollo.] Hollo.

Hol"la, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hollaed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hollaing.] See
Hollo, v. i.

Hol"land (?), n. A kind of linen first manufactured in Holland; a linen
fabric used for window shades, children's garments, etc.; as, brown or
unbleached hollands.

Hol"land*er (?), n. 1. A native or one of the people of Holland; a
Dutchman.

2. A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown brick, which will not
absorb water; -- called also, Dutch clinker. Wagner.

Hol"land*ish, a. Relating to Holland; Dutch.

Hol"lands (?), n. 1. Gin made in Holland.

2. pl. See Holland.

Hol*lo" (?), interj. & n. [See Halloo, and cf. Holla.] Ho there; stop;
attend; hence, a loud cry or a call to attract attention; a halloo.

    And every day, for food or play, Came to the mariner's hollo.


Coleridge.

Hol"lo (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Holloed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Holloing.]
[See Hollo, interj., and cf. Halloo.] To call out or exclaim; to
halloo. This form is now mostly replaced by hello.

Hol*loa" (?), interj., n. & v. i. Same as Hollo.

Hol"low (?), a. [OE. holow, holgh, holf, AS. holh a hollow, hole. Cf.
Hole.] 1. Having an empty space or cavity, natural or artificial,
within a solid substance; not solid; excavated in the interior; as, a
hollow tree; a hollow sphere.

    Hollow with boards shalt thou make it.


Ex. xxvii. 8.

2. Depressed; concave; gaunt; sunken.

    With hollow eye and wrinkled brow.


Shak.

3. Reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a sound; deep;
muffled; as, a hollow roar. Dryden.

4. Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not sound; as, a hollow
heart; a hollow friend. Milton.

Hollow newel (Arch.), an opening in the center of a winding staircase
in place of a newel post, the stairs being supported by the wall; an
open newel; also, the stringpiece or rail winding around the well of
such a staircase. -- Hollow quoin (Engin.), a pier of stone or brick
made behind the lock gates of a canal, and containing a hollow or
recess to receive the ends of the gates. -- Hollow root. (Bot.) See
Moschatel. -- Hollow square. See Square. -- Hollow ware, hollow
vessels; -- a trade name for cast-iron kitchen utensils, earthenware,
etc.

Syn.- Concave; sunken; low; vacant; empty; void; false; faithless;
deceitful; treacherous.

Hol"low (?), n. 1. A cavity, natural or artificial; an unfilled space
within anything; a hole, a cavern; an excavation; as the hollow of the
hand or of a tree.

2. A low spot surrounded by elevations; a depressed part of a surface;
a concavity; a channel.

    Forests grew Upon the barren hollows.


Prior.

    I hate the dreadful hollow behind the little wood.


Tennyson.

Hol"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hollowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hollowing.]
To make hollow, as by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate.
"Trees rudely hollowed." Dryden.

Hol"low, adv. Wholly; completely; utterly; -- chiefly after the verb to
beat, and often with all; as, this story beats the other all hollow.
See All, adv. [Collog.]

    The more civilized so-called Caucasian races have beaten the Turks
    hollow in the struggle for existence.


Darwin.

Hol*low" (?), interj. [See Hollo.] Hollo.

Hol"low (?), v. i. To shout; to hollo.

    Whisperings and hollowings are alike to a deaf ear.


Fuller.

Hol"low, v. t. To urge or call by shouting.

    He has hollowed the hounds.


Sir W. Scott.

Hol"low-heart`ed (?), a. Insincere; deceitful; not sound and true;
having a cavity or decayed spot within.

Syn. -- Faithless; dishonest; false; treacherous.

Hol"low-horned` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having permanent horns with a bony
core, as cattle.

Hol"low*ly, adv. Insincerely; deceitfully. Shak.

Hol"low*ness, n. 1. State of being hollow. Bacon.

2. Insincerity; unsoundness; treachery. South.

Hol"ly (?), adv. Wholly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hol"ly (hl"l), n. [OE holi, holin, AS. holen, holegn; akin to D. & G.
hulst, OHG. huls hulis, W. celyn, Armor. kelen, Gael. cuilionn, Ir.
cuileann. Cf. 1st Holm, Hulver.] 1. (Bot.) A tree or shrub of the genus
Ilex. The European species (Ilex Aquifolium) is best known, having
glossy green leaves, with a spiny, waved edge, and bearing berries that
turn red or yellow about Michaelmas.

The holly is much used to adorn churches and houses, at Christmas time,
and hence is associated with scenes of good will and rejoicing. It is
an evergreen tree, and has a finegrained, heavy, white wood. Its bark
is used as a febrifuge, and the berries are violently purgative and
emetic. The American holly is the Ilex opaca, and is found along the
coast of the United States, from Maine southward. Gray.

2. (Bot.) The holm oak. See 1st Holm.

Holly-leaved oak (Bot.), the black scrub oak. See Scrub oak. -- Holly
rose (Bot.), a West Indian shrub, with showy, yellow flowers (Turnera
ulmifolia). -- Sea holly (Bot.), a species of Eryngium. See Eryngium.

Hol"ly*hock (?), n. [OE. holihoc; holi holy + hoc mallow, AS. hoc; cf.
W. hocys mallows, hocys bendigaid hollyhock, lit., blessed mallow.
Prob. so named because brought from the Holy Land. See Holy.] (Bot.) A
species of AlthÊa (A. rosea), bearing flowers of various colors; --
called also rose mallow.

Holm (?), n. [OE., prob. from AS. holen holly; as the holly is also
called holm. See Holly.] (Bot.) A common evergreen oak, of Europe
(Quercus Ilex); -- called also ilex, and holly.

Holm (?), n. [AS. holm, usually meaning, sea, water; akin to Icel.
hlmr, holmr, an island, Dan. holm, Sw. holme, G. holm, and prob. to E.
hill. Cf. Hill.]

1. An islet in a river. J. Brand.

2. Low, flat land. Wordsworth.

    The soft wind blowing over meadowy holms.


Tennyson.

Holm thrush (Zoˆl.), the missel thrush.

||Hol"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) An oxide of holmium.

||Hol"mi*um (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Chem.) A rare element
||said to be contained in gadolinite. -- Hol"mic (#), a.

||Hol"mos (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.&?;.] (Greek & Etrus. Antiq.) A name
||given to a vase having a rounded body; esp.: (a) A closed vessel of
||nearly spherical form on a high stem or pedestal. Fairholt. (b) A
||drinking cup having a foot and stem.

Hol"o- (?). A combining form fr. Gr. "o`los whole.

Hol"o*blast (?), n. [Holo + - blast.] (Biol.) an ovum composed entirely
of germinal matter. See Meroblast.

Hol`o*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Undergoing complete segmentation;
composed entirely of germinal matter, the whole of the yolk undergoing
fission; -- opposed to meroblastic.

Hol"o*caust (?), n. [L. holocaustum, Gr. &?;, neut. of &?;, &?;, burnt
whole; "o'los whole + kaysto`s burnt, fr. kai`ein to burn (cf.
Caustic): cf. F. holocauste.] 1. A burnt sacrifice; an offering, the
whole of which was consumed by fire, among the Jews and some pagan
nations. Milton.

2. Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the burning of a theater or a
ship. [An extended use not authorized by careful writers.]

||Hol`o*ceph"a*li (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. "o`los whole + kefalh`
||head.] (Zoˆl.) An order of elasmobranch fishes, including, among
||living species, only the chimÊras; -- called also Holocephala. See
||ChimÊra; also Illustration in Appendix.

Hol`o*cryp"tic (?), a. [Holo- + Gr. kry`ptein to conceal.] Wholly or
completely concealing; incapable of being deciphered.

Holocryptic cipher, a cipher so constructed as to afford no clew to its
meaning to one ignorant of the key.

Hol`o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Holo + crystalline.] (Min.) Completely
crystalline; -- said of a rock like granite, all the constituents of
which are crystalline.

Hol"o*graph (?), n. [L. holographus entirely autograph, Gr.
"olo`grafos; "o`los whole + gra`fein to write: cf. F. holographe,
olographe.] A document, as a letter, deed, or will, wholly in the
handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose act it
purports to be.

Hol`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of the nature of a holograph; pertaining to
holographs.

Hol`o*he"dral (?), a. [Holo- + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit.]
(Crystallog.) Having all the planes required by complete symmetry, --
in opposition to hemihedral.

Hol`o*hem`i*he"dral (?), a. [Holo-  + hemihedral.] (Crystallog.)
Presenting hemihedral forms, in which all the sectants have halt the
whole number of planes. Dana.

||Hol`o*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Holo-, and Metabola.] (Zoˆl.)
||Those insects which have a complete metamorphosis; metabola.

Hol`o*met`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a complete metamorphosis; --
said of certain insects, as the butterflies and bees.

Ho*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Holo + -meter: cf. F. holometre.] An instrument
for making all kinds of angular measurements.

Hol`o*phan"er*ous (?), a. [Holo + Gr. &?; visible, fr. &?; to appear.]
(Zoˆl.) Same as Holometabolic.

Hol`o*pho"tal (?), a. [Holo + Gr. &?;, &?;, light.] (Opt.) Causing no
loss of light; -- applied to reflectors which throw back the rays of
light without perceptible loss.

Hol"o*phote (?), n. A lamp with lenses or reflectors to collect the
rays of light and throw them in a given direction; -- used in
lighthouses.

Hol`o*phras"tic (?), a. [Holo + Gr. &?; to speak: cf. F.
holophrastique.] Expressing a phrase or sentence in a single word, --
as is the case in the aboriginal languages of America.

Hol`o*phyt"ic (?), a. [Holo + Gr.&?; a plant.] Wholly or distinctively
vegetable.

Holophytic nutrition (&?;), that form of nutrition, characteristic of
vegetable organisms, in which carbonic acid, ammonia, and nitrates are
absorbed as food, in distinction from the animal mode of nutrition, by
the ingestion of albuminous matter.

Hol`o*rhi"nal (?), a. [Holo + Gr.&?;, nose.] (Anat.) Having the nasal
bones contiguous.

Hol`o*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Holo + siderite.] (Min.) Meteoric iron; a
meteorite consisting of metallic iron without stony matter.

Ho*los"te*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Holostei.

||Ho*los"te*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + &?; a bone.]
||(Zoˆl.) An extensive division of ganoids, including the gar pike,
||bowfin, etc.; the bony ganoids. See Illustration in Appendix.

Hol`o*ster"ic (?), a. [Holo + Gr.stereo`s solid.] Wholly solid; -- said
of a barometer constructed of solid materials to show the variations of
atmospheric pressure without the use of liquids, as the aneroid.

||Hol`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + sto`ma,
||-atos, mouth.] (Zoˆl.) An artificial division of gastropods,
||including those that have an entire aperture.

Ho*los"to*mate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Same as Holostomatous.

Hol`o*stom"a*tous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having an entire aperture; -- said of
many univalve shells.

Hol"o*stome (?), n. [Holo + Gr. sto`ma mouth.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
Holostomata.

||Ho*los"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + &?; shell of a
||testacean.] (Zoˆl.) A division of phyllopod Crustacea, including
||those that are entirely covered by a bivalve shell.

Hol"o*thure (?), n. [L. holothuria, pl., a sort of water polyp, Gr.
&?;.] (Zoˆl.) A holothurian.

Hol`o*thu"ri*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Belonging to the Holothurioidea. -- n.
One of the Holothurioidea.

Some of the species of Holothurians are called sea cucumbers, sea
slugs, trepang, and bÍche de mËr. Many are used as food, esp. by the
Chinese. See Trepang.

||Hol`o*thu`ri*oi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Holothure, and -oid.]
||(Zoˆl.) One of the classes of echinoderms. They have a more or less
||elongated body, often flattened beneath, and a circle of tentacles,
||which are usually much branched, surrounding the mouth; the skin is
||more or less flexible, and usually contains calcareous plates of
||various characteristic forms, sometimes becoming large and scalelike.
||Most of the species have five bands (ambulacra) of sucker-bearing
||feet along the sides; in others these are lacking. In one group
||(Pneumonophora) two branching internal gills are developed; in
||another (Apneumona) these are wanting. Called also Holothurida,
||Holothuridea, and Holothuroidea.

<! p. 700 !>

||||Ho*lot"ri*cha (h*lt"r*k), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole +
||||qri`x, tricho`s, a hair.] (Zoˆl.) A group of ciliated Infusoria,
||||having cilia all over the body.

Hol"our (?), n. [OF. holier.] A whoremonger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Holp (?), Hol"pen (?), } imp. & p. p. of Help. [Obs.] Shak.

Hol"som (?), a. Wholesome. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hol"ster (?), n. [D. holster; skin to AS. heolstor den, cave, fr. helan
to conceal, and to Icel. hulstr case, Goth. hulistr covering, veil,
huljan to cover. &radic;17. See Hele to cover, Hell, and cf. Housing,
Houss.] A leather case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow
of his saddle.

Hol"stered (?), a. Bearing holsters. Byron.

Holt (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contr. from holdeth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Holt, n. [AS. holt; akin to LG. holt, D. hout, G. holz. Icel. holt; cf
Gael. & Ir. coill wood, Gr. &?; branch, shoot.] 1. A piece of woodland;
especially, a woody hill. "Every holt and heath." Chaucer.

    She sent her voice though all the holt Before her, and the park.


Tennyson.

2. A deep hole in a river where there is protection for fish; also, a
cover, a hole, or hiding place. " The fox has gone to holt." C.
Kingsley.

Hol"we (?), a. Hollow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ho"ly (?), a. [Compar. Holier (?); superl. Holiest.] [OE. holi, hali,
AS. hlig, fr. hÊl health, salvation, happiness, fr. hl whole, well;
akin to OS. h&?;lag, D. & G. heilig, OHG. heilac, Dan. hellig, Sw.
helig, Icel. heilagr. See Whole, and cf. Halibut, Halidom, Hallow,
Hollyhock.] 1. Set apart to the service or worship of God; hallowed;
sacred; reserved from profane or common use; holy vessels; a holy
priesthood. "Holy rites and solemn feasts." Milton.

2. Spiritually whole or sound; of unimpaired innocence and virtue; free
from sinful affections; pure in heart; godly; pious; irreproachable;
guiltless; acceptable to God.

    Now through her round of holy thought The Church our annual steps
    has brought.


Keble.

Holy Alliance (Hist.), a league ostensibly for conserving religion,
justice, and peace in Europe, but really for repressing popular
tendencies toward constitutional government, entered into by Alexander
I. of Russia, Francis I. of Austria, and Frederic William III. of
Prussia, at Paris, on the 26th of September, 1815, and subsequently
joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the pope and the king of
England. -- Holy bark. See Cascara sagrada. -- Holy Communion. See
Eucharist. -- Holy family (Art), a picture in which the infant Christ,
his parents, and others of his family are represented. - - Holy Father,
a title of the pope. -- Holy Ghost (Theol.),the third person of the
Trinity; the Comforter; the Paraclete. -- Holy Grail. See Grail. --
Holy grass (Bot.), a sweet-scented grass (Hierochloa borealis and H.
alpina). In the north of Europe it was formerly strewed before church
doors on saints' days; whence the name. It is common in the northern
and western parts of the United States. Called also vanilla, or Seneca,
grass. -- Holy Innocents' day, Childermas day. -- Holy Land, Palestine,
the birthplace of Christianity. -- Holy office, the Inquisition. --
Holy of holies (Script.), the innermost apartment of the Jewish
tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and where no person
entered, except the high priest once a year. -- Holy One. (a) The
Supreme Being; -- so called by way of emphasis. " The Holy One of
Israel." Is. xliii. 14. (b) One separated to the service of God. --
Holy orders. See Order. -- Holy rood, the cross or crucifix,
particularly one placed, in churches. over the entrance to the chancel.
-- Holy rope, a plant, the hemp agrimony. -- Holy Saturday (Eccl.), the
Saturday immediately preceding the festival of Easter; the vigil of
Easter. -- Holy Spirit, same as Holy Ghost (above). -- Holy Spirit
plant. See Dove plant. -- Holy thistle (Bot.), the blessed thistle. See
under Thistle. -- Holy Thursday. (Eccl.) (a) (Episcopal Ch.) Ascension
day. (b) (R. C. Ch.) The Thursday in Holy Week; Maundy Thursday. --
Holy war, a crusade; an expedition carried on by Christians against the
Saracens in the Holy Land, in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth
centuries, for the possession of the holy places. -- Holy water (Gr. &
R. C. Churches), water which has been blessed by the priest for sacred
purposes. -- Holy-water stoup, the stone stoup or font placed near the
entrance of a church, as a receptacle for holy water. -- Holy Week
(Eccl.), the week before Easter, in which the passion of our Savior is
commemorated. -- Holy writ, the sacred Scriptures. " Word of holy
writ." Wordsworth.

Ho"ly cross" (?; 115). The cross as the symbol of Christ's crucifixion.

Congregation of the Holy Cross (R. C. Ch.), a community of lay brothers
and priests, in France and the United States, engaged chiefly in
teaching and manual Labor. Originally called Brethren of St. Joseph.
The Sisters of the Holy Cross engage in similar work. Addis & Arnold.
-- Holy-cross day, the fourteenth of September, observed as a church
festival, in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's cross.

Ho"ly*day` (?), n. 1. A religious festival.

2. A secular festival; a holiday.

Holiday is the preferable and prevailing spelling in the second sense.
The spelling holy day or holyday in often used in the first sense.

Ho"ly*stone` (?), n. (Naut.) A stone used by seamen for scrubbing the
decks of ships. Totten.

Ho"ly*stone`, v. t. (Naut.) To scrub with a holystone, as the deck of a
vessel.

Hom"a*canth (?), a. [Homo + Gr. &?; a spine.] (Zoˆl.) Having the dorsal
fin spines symmetrical, and in the same line; -- said of certain
fishes.

Hom"age (?), n. [OF. homage, homenage, F. hommage, LL. hominaticum,
homenaticum, from L. homo a man, LL. also, a client, servant, vassal;
akin to L. humus earth, Gr.&?; on the ground, and E. groom in
bridegroom. Cf. Bridegroom, Human.] 1. (Feud. Law) A symbolical
acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in the presence of, his
lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming to it by succession,
that he was his man, or vassal; profession of fealty to a sovereign.

2. Respect or reverential regard; deference; especially, respect paid
by external action; obeisance.

    All things in heaven and earth do her [Law] homage.


Hooker.

    I sought no homage from the race that write.


Pope.

3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout
affection. Chaucer.

Syn. -- Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect. -- Homage,
Fealty. Homage was originally the act of a feudal tenant by which he
declared himself, on his knees, to be the hommage or bondman of the
lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential submission or
respect. Fealty was originally the fidelity of such a tenant to his
lord, and hence the term denotes a faithful and solemn adherence to the
obligations we owe to superior power or authority. We pay our homage to
men of preÎminent usefulness and virtue, and profess our fealty to the
principles by which they have been guided.

    Go, go with homage yon proud victors meet ! Go, lie like dogs
    beneath your masters' feet !


Dryden.

    Man, disobeying, Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins Against the
    high supremacy of heaven.


Milton.

Hom"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Homaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Homaging.]
[Cf. OF. hommager.] 1. To pay reverence to by external action. [R.]

2. To cause to pay homage. [Obs.] Cowley.

Hom"age*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. hommageable.] Subject to homage. Howell.

Hom"a*ger (?), n. [From Homage: cf. F. hommager.] One who does homage,
or holds land of another by homage; a vassal. Bacon.

Hom`a*lo*graph"ic (?), a. Same as Homolographic.

{ Hom"a*loid (hm"*loid), Hom`a*loid"al (-loid"al), } a. [Gr. "omalo`s
even + -oid.] (Geom.) Flat; even; -- a term applied to surfaces and to
spaces, whether real or imagined, in which the definitions, axioms, and
postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are assumed to
hold true.

||Hom"a*rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "omarh`s well adjusted.] (Zoˆl.) A
||genus of decapod Crustacea, including the common lobsters. --
||Hom"a*roid (#), a.

Ho*mat"ro*pine (?), n. [Homo- + atropine.] (Med.) An alkaloid, prepared
from atropine, and from other sources. It is chemically related to
atropine, and is used for the same purpose.

Hom`ax*o"ni*al (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; an axle, axis.] (Biol.)
Relating to that kind of homology or symmetry, the mathematical
conception of organic form, in which all axes are equal. See under
Promorphology.

Home (hm), n. (Zoˆl.) See Homelyn.

Home (110), [OE. hom, ham, AS. hm; akin to OS. hm, D. & G. heim, Sw.
hem, Dan. hiem, Icel. heimr abode, world, heima home, Goth. haims
village, Lith. kÎmas, and perh. to Gr. kw`mh village, or to E. hind a
peasant; cf. Skr.kshma abode, place of rest, security, kshi to dwell.
&radic;20, 220.] 1. One's own dwelling place; the house in which one
lives; esp., the house in which one lives with his family; the habitual
abode of one's family; also, one's birthplace.

    The disciples went away again to their own home.


John xx. 10.

    Home is the sacred refuge of our life.


Dryden.

    Home! home! sweet, sweet home! There's no place like home.


Payne.

2. One's native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the
place where one's ancestors dwell or dwelt. "Our old home [England]."
Hawthorne.

3. The abiding place of the affections, especially of the domestic
affections.

    He entered in his house -- his home no more, For without hearts
    there is no home.


Byron.

4. The locality where a thing is usually found, or was first found, or
where it is naturally abundant; habitat; seat; as, the home of the
pine.

    Her eyes are homes of silent prayer.


Tennyson.

    Flandria, by plenty made the home of war.


Prior.

5. A place of refuge and rest; an asylum; as, a home for outcasts; a
home for the blind; hence, esp., the grave; the final rest; also, the
native and eternal dwelling place of the soul.

    Man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets.


Eccl. xii. 5.

6. (Baseball) The home base; he started for home.

At home.(a) At one's own house, or lodgings. (b) In one's own town or
country; as, peace abroad and at home. (c) Prepared to receive callers.
-- Home department, the department of executive administration, by
which the internal affairs of a country are managed. [Eng.] To be at
home on any subject, to be conversant or familiar with it. -- To feel
at home, to be at one's ease. -- To make one's self at home, to conduct
one's self with as much freedom as if at home.

Syn. -- Tenement; house; dwelling; abode; domicile.

Home (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to one's dwelling or country;
domestic; not foreign; as home manufactures; home comforts.

2. Close; personal; pointed; as, a home thrust.

Home base (Baseball), the base at which the batsman stands and which is
the last goal in making a run. -- Home farm, grounds, etc., the farm,
grounds, etc., adjacent to the residence of the owner. -- Home lot, an
inclosed plot on which the owner's home stands. [U. S.] -- Home rule,
rule or government of an appendent or dependent country, as to all
local and internal legislation, by means of a governing power vested in
the people within the country itself, in contradistinction to a
government established by the dominant country; as, home rule in
Ireland. Also used adjectively; as, home-rule members of Parliament. --
Home ruler, one who favors or advocates home rule. -- Home run
(Baseball), a complete circuit of the bases made before the batted ball
is returned to the home base. -- Home stretch (Sport.), that part of a
race course between the last curve and the winning post. -- Home
thrust, a well directed or effective thrust; one that wounds in a vital
part; hence, in controversy, a personal attack.

Home, adv. 1. To one's home or country; as in the phrases, go home,
come home, carry home.

2. Close; closely.

    How home the charge reaches us, has been made out.


South.

    They come home to men's business and bosoms.


Bacon.

3. To the place where it belongs; to the end of a course; to the full
length; as, to drive a nail home; to ram a cartridge home.

    Wear thy good rapier bare and put it home.


Shak.

Home is often used in the formation of compound words, many of which
need no special definition; as, home- brewed, home-built, home-grown,
etc.

To bring home. See under Bring. -- To come home.(a) To touch or affect
personally. See under Come. (b) (Naut.) To drag toward the vessel,
instead of holding firm, as the cable is shortened; -- said of an
anchor. -- To haul home the sheets of a sail (Naut.), to haul the clews
close to the sheave hole. Totten.

Home"born` (hm"bÙrn`), a. 1. Native; indigenous; not foreign. Donne.
Pope.

2. Of or pertaining to the home or family.

    Fireside enjoyments, homeborn happiness.


Cowper.

Home"-bound` (?), a. Kept at home.

Home"-bred` (?), a. 1. Bred at home; domestic; not foreign. " Home-bred
mischief." Milton.

    Benignity and home-bred sense.


Wordsworth.

2. Not polished; rude; uncultivated.

    Only to me home-bred youths belong.


Dryden.

Home"-com`ing (?), n. Return home.

    Kepeth this child, al be it foul or fayr, And eek my wyf, unto myn
    hoom-cominge.


Chaucer.

Home"-driv`en (?), a. Driven to the end, as a nail; driven close.

Home"-dwell`ing (?), a. Keeping at home.

Home"-felt` (-flt`), a. Felt in one's own breast; inward; private.
"Home- felt quiet." Pope.

Home"field` (-fld`), n. A field adjacent to its owner's home.
Hawthorne.

Home"-keep`ing (-kp`ng), a. Staying at home; not gadding.

    Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits.


Shak.

Home"-keep`ing, n. A staying at home.

Home"less, a. [AS. hmleas.] Destitute of a home.

-- Home"less*ness, n.

Home"like` (?), a. Like a home; comfortable; cheerful; cozy; friendly.

Home"li*ly (?), adv. Plainly; inelegantly. [R.]

Home"li*ness, n. [From Homely.] 1. Domesticity; care of home. [Obs.]
"Wifely homeliness." Chaucer.

2. Familiarity; intimacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. Plainness; want of elegance or beauty.

4. Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement; as, the homeliness of
manners, or language. Addison.

Home"ling (?), n. A person or thing belonging to a home or to a
particular country; a native; as, a word which is a homeling. Trench.

Home"ly, a. [Compar. Homelier (?); superl. Homeliest.] [From Home, n.]
1. Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic;
familiar; intimate. [Archaic]

    With all these men I was right homely, and communed with, them long
    and oft.


Foxe.

    Their homely joys, and destiny obscure.


Gray.

2. Plain; unpretending; rude in appearance; unpolished; as, a homely
garment; a homely house; homely fare; homely manners.

    Now Strephon daily entertains His Chloe in the homeliest strains.


Pope.

3. Of plain or coarse features; uncomely; -- contrary to handsome.

    None so homely but loves a looking- glass.


South.

Home"ly, adv. Plainly; rudely; coarsely; as, homely dressed. [R.]
Spenser.

Home"lyn (?), n. [Scot. hommelin.] (Zoˆl) The European sand ray (Raia
maculata); -- called also home, mirror ray, and rough ray.

Home"made` (?), a. Made at home; of domestic manufacture; made either
in a private family or in one's own country. Locke.

Ho"me*o*path (?), n. [Cf. F. homÈopathe.] A practitioner of homeopathy.
[Written also homúopath.]

<! p. 701 !>

Ho`me*o*path"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. homÈopathique.] Of or pertaining to
homeopathy; according to the principles of homeopathy. [Also
homúpathic.]

Ho`me*o*path"ic*al*ly (?), adv. According to the practice of
homeopathy. [Also homúopathically.]

Ho`me*op"a*thist (?), n. A believer in, or practitioner of, homeopathy.
[Written also homúopathist.]

Ho*me*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?; likeness of condition or feeling; &?;
like (fr. &?; same; cf. Same) + &?; to suffer: cf. F. homÈopathie. See
Pathos.] (Med.) The art of curing, founded on resemblances; the theory
and its practice that disease is cured (tuto, cito, et jucunde) by
remedies which produce on a healthy person effects similar to the
symptoms of the complaint under which the patient suffers, the remedies
being usually administered in minute doses. This system was founded by
Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, and is opposed to allopathy, or heteropathy.
[Written also homúopathy.]

Hom"er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A carrier pigeon remarkable for its ability to
return home from a distance.

Ho"mer (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Hoemother.

Ho"mer, n. [Heb. khmer.] A Hebrew measure containing, as a liquid
measure, ten baths, equivalent to fifty-five gallons, two quarts, one
pint; and, as a dry measure, ten ephahs, equivalent to six bushels, two
pecks, four quarts. [Written also chomer, gomer.]

Ho*mer"ic (?), a. [L. Homericus, Gr. "Omhriko`s.] Of or pertaining to
Homer, the most famous of Greek poets; resembling the poetry of Homer.

Homeric verse, hexameter verse; -- so called because used by Homer in
his epics.

Home"sick` (?), a. Pining for home; in a nostalgic condition. --
Home"sick`ness, n.

Home"-speak`ing (?), n. Direct, forcible, and effective speaking.
Milton.

Home"spun (?), a. 1. Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture;
coarse; plain. "Homespun country garbs." W. Irving.

2. Plain in manner or style; not elegant; rude; coarse. "Our homespun
English proverb." Dryden. "Our homespun authors." Addison.

Home"spun, n. 1. Cloth made at home; as, he was dressed in homespun.

2. An unpolished, rustic person. [Obs.] Shak.

Home"stall` (?), n. [AS. hmsteall.] Place of a home; homestead. Cowper.

Home"stead (?), n. [AS. hmstede.] 1. The home place; a home and the
inclosure or ground immediately connected with it. Dryden.

2. The home or seat of a family; place of origin.

    We can trace them back to a homestead on the Rivers Volga and Ural.


W. Tooke.

3. (Law) The home and appurtenant land and buildings owned by the head
of a family, and occupied by him and his family.

Homestead law. (a) A law conferring special privileges or exemptions
upon owners of homesteads; esp., a law exempting a homestead from
attachment or sale under execution for general debts. Such laws, with
limitations as to the extent or value of the property, exist in most of
the States. Called also homestead exemption law. (b) Also, a
designation of an Act of Congress authorizing and regulating the sale
of public lands, in parcels of 160 acres each, to actual settlers.
[U.S.]

Home"stead*er (?), n. One who has entered upon a portion of the public
land with the purpose of acquiring ownership of it under provisions of
the homestead law, so called; one who has acquired a homestead in this
manner. [Local, U.S.]

Home"ward (?), a. Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.

{ Home"ward (?), Home"wards (?), } adv. [AS. hmweard.] Toward home; in
the direction of one's house, town, or country.

Homeward bound, bound for home; going homeward; as, the homeward bound
fleet.

Hom"i*ci`dal (?), a. Pertaining to homicide; tending to homicide;
murderous.

Hom"i*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. homicidium, fr. homicida a man slayer;
homo man + caedere to cut, kill. See Homage, and cf. Concise, Shed, v.
t.] 1. The killing of one human being by another.

Homicide is of three kinds: justifiable, as when the killing is
performed in the exercise of a right or performance of a duty;
excusable, as when done, although not as duty or right, yet without
culpable or criminal intent; and felonious, or involving what the law
terms malice; the latter may be either manslaughter or murder. Bouvier.

2. One who kills another; a manslayer. Chaucer. Shak.

Hom"i*form (?), a. [L. homo man + -form.] In human form. [Obs.]
Cudworth.

Hom"i*lete (?), n. A homilist.

{ Hom`i*let"ic (?), Hom`i*let"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F.
homilÈtique. See Homily.] 1. Of or pertaining to familiar intercourse;
social; affable; conversable; companionable. [R.]

    His virtues active, chiefly, and homiletical, not those lazy,
    sullen ones of the cloister.


Atterbury.

2. Of or pertaining to homiletics; hortatory.

Hom`i*let"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. homilÈtique.] The art of preaching; that
branch of theology which treats of homilies or sermons, and the best
method of preparing and delivering them.

Hom"i*list (?), n. One who prepares homilies; one who preaches to a
congregation.

Hom"i*lite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; to be in company with.] (Min.) A
borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and composition.

Hom"i*ly (?), n.; pl. Homilies (#). [LL. homilia, Gr. &?; communion,
assembly, converse, sermon, fr. &?; an assembly, fr. &?; same; cf. &?;
together, and &?; crowd, cf. &?; to press: cf. F. homÈlie. See Same.]
1. A discourse or sermon read or pronounced to an audience; a serious
discourse. Shak.

2. A serious or tedious exhortation in private on some moral point, or
on the conduct of life.

    As I have heard my father Deal out in his long homilies.


Byron.

Book of Homilies. A collection of authorized, printed sermons, to be
read by ministers in churches, esp. one issued in the time of Edward
VI., and a second, issued in the reign of Elizabeth; -- both books
being certified to contain a "godly and wholesome doctrine."

Hom"ing (?), a. Home-returning; -- used specifically of carrier
pigeons.

Hom"i*ny (?), n. [From North American Indian auh˙minea parched corn.]
Maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being boiled in
water. [U.S.] [Written also homony.]

Hom"ish (?), a. Like a home or a home circle.

    Quiet, cheerful, homish hospital life.


E. E. Hale.

Hom"mock (?), n. A small eminence of a conical form, of land or of ice;
a knoll; a hillock. See Hummock. Bartram.

Hom"mock*y (?), a. Filled with hommocks; piled in the form of hommocks;
-- said of ice.

Ho"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. "omo`s, one and the same, common,
joint.

Ho`mo*cat`e*gor"ic (?), a. [Homo-  + categoric.] (Biol.) Belonging to
the same category of individuality; -- a morphological term applied to
organisms so related.

Ho`mo*cen"tric (?), a. [Gr. &?;: &?; the same + &?; center: cf. F.
homocentrique.] Having the same center.

Ho`mo*cer"cal (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; tail.] (Zoˆl.) Having the tail
nearly or quite symmetrical, the vertebral column terminating near its
base; -- opposed to heterocercal.

Ho"mo*cer`cy (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The possession of a homocercal tail.

Ho`mo*cer`e*brin (?), n. [Homo- + rebrin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body
similar to, or identical with, cerebrin.

Ho`mo*chro"mous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; color.] (Bot.) Having all the
florets in the same flower head of the same color.

Ho`mo*dem"ic (?), a. [Homo- + 1st deme, 2.] (Biol.) A morphological
term signifying development, in the case of multicellular organisms,
from the same unit deme or unit of the inferior orders of
individuality.

Ho`mo*der"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homodermy; originating from
the same germ layer.

Ho"mo*der`my (?), n. [Homo- + -derm.] (Biol.) Homology of the germinal
layers.

Hom"o*dont (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Anat.) Having all
the teeth similar in front, as in the porpoises; -- opposed to
heterodont.

{ Ho*mod"ro*mal (?), Ho*mod"ro*mous (?), } a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; a
course, running.] 1. (Bot.) Running in the same direction; -- said of
stems twining round a support, or of the spiral succession of leaves on
stems and their branches.

2. (Mech.) Moving in the same direction; -- said of a lever or pulley
in which the resistance and the actuating force are both on the same
side of the fulcrum or axis.

Ho`mo*dy*nam"ic (?), a. Homodynamous. Quain.

Ho`mo*dy"na*mous (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or involving,
homodynamy; as, successive or homodynamous parts in plants and animals.

Ho`mo*dy"na*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; of like power; &?; the same + &?;
power.] (Biol.) The homology of metameres. See Metamere. Gegenbaur.

||Ho`mú*o*me"ri*a (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;; &?; like + &?; part.] The
||state or quality of being homogeneous in elements or first
||principles; likeness or identity of parts.

{ Ho`mú*o*mer"ic (?), Ho`mú*o*mer"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to, or
characterized by, sameness of parts; receiving or advocating the
doctrine of homogeneity of elements or first principles.

Ho`mú*om"er*ous (?), a. (Anat.) Having the main artery of the leg
parallel with the sciatic nerve; -- said of certain birds.

Ho`mú*om"e*ry (?), n. [Gr. &?; like + -metry.] Same as Homúomeria.
[Obs.] Cudworth.

Ho`mú*o*mor"phism (?), n. [See Homúomorphous.] A near similarity of
crystalline forms between unlike chemical compounds. See Isomorphism.

Ho`mú*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. &?; of like form; &?; like + &?; form.]
Manifesting homúomorphism.

Ho`mú*o*path"ic, a., Ho`mú*op"a*thist, n., Ho`mú*op"a*thy, n. Same as
Homeopathic, Homeopathist, Homeopathy.

Ho`mú*o*ther"mal (?), a. See Homoiothermal.

Ho`mú*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; like + &?; life.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to,
or including, similar forms or kinds of life; as, homúozoic belts on
the earth's surface. E. Forbes.

Ho*mog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; married together; &?; the same + &?;
marriage.] (Bot.) Having all the flowers alike; -- said of such
composite plants as Eupatorium, and the thistels.

Ho*mog"a*my (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being homogamous.

Ho`mo*gan"gli*ate (?), a. [Homo- + gangliate.] (Zoˆl.) Having the
ganglia of the nervous system symmetrically arranged, as in certain
invertebrates; -- opposed to heterogangliate.

Ho"mo*gene (?), a. [Cf. F. homogËne.] Homogeneous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ho`mo*ge"ne*al (?), a. Homogeneous.

Ho`mo*ge"ne*al*ness, n. Homogeneousness.

Ho`mo*ge*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. homogÈnÈitÈ.] Same as Homogeneousness.

Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; race, kind: cf. F.
homogËne. See Same, and Kin.] 1. Of the same kind of nature; consisting
of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature; -- opposed to
heterogeneous; as, homogeneous particles, elements, or principles;
homogeneous bodies.

2. (Alg.) Possessing the same number of factors of a given kind; as, a
homogeneous polynomial.

Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous*ness, n. Sameness 9kind or nature; uniformity of
structure or material.

Ho`mo*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Homo- + genesis.] (Biol.) That method of
reproduction in which the successive generations are alike, the
offspring, either animal or plant, running through the same cycle of
existence as the parent; gamogenesis; -- opposed to heterogenesis.

Ho`mo*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Homogenous; -- applied to that class of
homologies which arise from similarity of structure, and which are
taken as evidences of common ancestry.

Ho*mog"e*nous (?), a. (Biol.) Having a resemblance in structure, due to
descent from a common progenitor with subsequent modification;
homogenetic; -- applied both to animals and plants. See Homoplastic.

Ho*mog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; race, kind.] 1. Joint
nature. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Biol.) The correspondence of common descent; -- a term used to
supersede homology by Lankester, who also used homoplasy to denote any
superinduced correspondence of position and structure in parts
embryonically distinct (other writers using the term homoplasmy). Thus,
there is homogeny between the fore limb of a mammal and the wing of a
bird; but the right and left ventricles of the heart in both are only
in homoplasy with each other, these having arisen independently since
the divergence of both groups from a univentricular ancestor.

Ho*mog"o*nous, a. [Gr. &?;. See Homogeneous.] (Bot.) Having all the
flowers of a plant alike in respect to the stamens and pistils.

Ho*mog"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of having homogonous flowers.

Hom"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. "omo`grafos with the same letters; "omo`s the
same + gra`fein to write.] (Philol.) One of two or more words identical
in orthography, but having different derivations and meanings; as,
fair, n., a market, and fair, a., beautiful.

Ho`mo*graph"ic (?), a. 1. Employing a single and separate character to
represent each sound; -- said of certain methods of spelling words.

2. (Geom.) Possessing the property of homography.

Ho*mog"ra*phy (?), n. 1. That method of spelling in which every sound
is represented by a single character, which indicates that sound and no
other.

2. (Geom.) A relation between two figures, such that to any point of
the one corresponds one and but one point in the other, and vise versa.
Thus, a tangent line rolling on a circle cuts two fixed tangents of the
circle in two sets of points that are homographic.

||Ho*moi`op*to"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; in a like case; &?; like +
||&?; falling.] (Rhet.) A figure in which the several parts of a
||sentence end with the same case, or inflection generally.

Ho*moi`o*ther"mal (?), a. [Gr. &?; like + E. thermal.] (Physiol.)
Maintaining a uniform temperature; hÊmatothermal; homothermic; --
applied to warm- bodied animals, because they maintain a nearly uniform
temperature in spite of the great variations in the surrounding air; in
distinct from the cold-blooded (poikilothermal) animals, whose body
temperature follows the variations in temperature of the surrounding
medium.

Ho`moi*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, of like substance; "o`moios +
o'ysi`a the substance, being, essence.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the
semi-Arians of the 4th century, who held that the Son was of like, but
not the same, essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to
homoousian.

Ho`moi*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to Homoiousians, or their belief.

Ho*mol"o*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Homologated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Homologating.] [LL. homologatus, p. p. of homologare to homologate; Gr.
&?; to assent, agree. See Homologous.] (Civ. Law) To approve; to allow;
to confirm; as, the court homologates a proceeding. Wheaton.

Ho*mol`o*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. homologation.] (Civ. & Scots Law)
Confirmation or ratification (as of something otherwise null and void),
by a court or a grantor.

Ho`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to homology; having a structural
affinity proceeding from, or base upon, that kind of relation termed
homology. -- Ho`mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Ho*mol`o*gin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or characterized by,
homology; as, homologinic qualities, or differences.

Ho*mol"o*gize (?), v. t. (Biol.) To determine the homologies or
structural relations of.

||Ho*mol"o*gon (?), n. [NL.] See Homologue.

||Hom`o*lo*gou"me*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; things conceded, p.
||p. of &?; to agree, admit, concede. See Homologous.] Those books of
||the New Testament which were acknowledged as canonical by the early
||church; -- distinguished from antilegomena.

Ho*mol"o*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?; assenting, agreeing; &?; the same + &?;
speech, discourse, proportion, &?; to say, speak.] Having the same
relative position, proportion, value, or structure. Especially: (a)
(Geom.) Corresponding in relative position and proportion.

    In similar polygons, the corresponding sides, angles, diagonals,
    etc., are homologous.


Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.).

(b) (Alg.) Having the same relative proportion or value, as the two
antecedents or the two consequents of a proportion. (c) (Chem.)
Characterized by homology; belonging to the same type or series;
corresponding in composition and properties. See Homology, 3. (d)
(Biol.) Being of the same typical structure; having like relations to a
fundamental type to structure; as, those bones in the hand of man and
the fore foot of a horse are homologous that correspond in their
structural relations, that is, in their relations to the type structure
of the fore limb in vertebrates.

Homologous stimulus. (Physiol.) See under Stimulus.

<! p. 702 !>

Hom`o*lo*graph"ic (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. "o`los whole + -graph + -ic; but
cf. F. homalographique, Gr. &?; even, level.] Preserving the mutual
relations of parts, especially as to size and form; maintaining
relative proportion.

Homolographic projection, a method of constructing geographical charts
or maps, so that the surfaces, as delineated on a plane, have the same
relative size as the real surfaces; that is, so that the relative
actual areas of the different countries are accurately represented by
the corresponding portions of the map.

Hom"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F. homologue. See Homologous.] That which is
homologous to something else; as, the corresponding sides, etc., of
similar polygons are the homologues of each other; the members or terms
of an homologous series in chemistry are the homologues of each other;
one of the bones in the hand of man is the homologue of that in the
paddle of a whale.

Ho*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; agreement. See Homologous.] 1. The quality
of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as, the homologyof
similar polygons.

2. (Biol.) Correspondence or relation in type of structure in
contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in
structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm of
a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of a
fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of structure.

Homology indicates genetic relationship, and according to Haeckel
special homology should be defined in terms of identity of embryonic
origin. See Homotypy, and Homogeny.

3. (Chem.) The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to
the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a
small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular variation
in physical properties; as, there is an homology between methane, CH4,
ethane, C2H6, propane, C3H8, etc., all members of the paraffin series.
In an extended sense, the term is applied to the relation between
chemical elements of the same group; as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine
are said to be in homology with each other. Cf. Heterology.

General homology (Biol.), the higher relation which a series of parts,
or a single part, bears to the fundamental or general type on which the
group is constituted. Owen. -- Serial homology (Biol.), representative
or repetitive relation in the segments of the same organism, -- as in
the lobster, where the parts follow each other in a straight line or
series. Owen. See Homotypy. -- Special homology (Biol.), the
correspondence of a part or organ with those of a different animal, as
determined by relative position and connection. Owen.

Ho*mom"al*lous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; a lock of wool.] (Bot.)
Uniformly bending or curving to one side; -- said of leaves which grow
on several sides of a stem.

{ Ho`mo*mor"phic (?), Ho`mo*mor"phous (?), } a. [Gr. &?; the same + &?;
shape.] Characterized by homomorphism.

Ho`mo*mor"phism (?), n. [See Homomorphous.] 1. (Biol.) Same as
Homomorphy.

2. (Bot.) The possession, in one species of plants, of only one kind of
flowers; -- opposed to heteromorphism, dimorphism, and trimorphism.

3. (Zoˆl.) The possession of but one kind of larvÊ or young, as in most
insects.

Ho"mo*mor`phy (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) Similarity of
form; resemblance in external characters, while widely different in
fundamental structure; resemblance in geometric ground form. See
Homophyly, Promorphology.

Ho*mon"o*mous (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to homonomy.

Ho*mon"o*my (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; law.] (Biol.) The homology of
parts arranged on transverse axes. Haeckel.

Hom"o*nym (?), n. [Cf. F. homonyme. See Homonymous.] A word having the
same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning; as the noun
bear and the verb bear. [Written also homonyme.]

Ho*mon"y*mous (?), a. [L. homonymus, Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?;, for
&?; name; akin to E. name.] 1. Having the same name or designation;
standing in the same relation; -- opposed to heteronymous.

2. Having the same name or designation, but different meaning or
relation; hence, equivocal; ambiguous.

Ho*mon"y*mous*ly, adv. 1. In an homonymous manner; so as to have the
same name or relation.

2. Equivocally; ambiguously.

Ho*mon"y*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. homonymie.] 1. Sameness of name or
designation; identity in relations. Holland.

    Homonymy may be as well in place as in persons.


Fuller.

2. Sameness of name or designation of things or persons which are
different; ambiguity.

Ho`mo*ˆr"gan (?). [Homo- + organ.] Same as Homoplast.

Ho`mo*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; being, essence,
substance.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of those, in the 4th century, who
accepted the Nicene creed, and maintained that the Son had the same
essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to homoiousian.

Ho`mo*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to the Homoousians, or to the
doctrines they held.

Hom"o*phone (?), n. [Cf. F. homophone. See Homophonous.] 1. A letter or
character which expresses a like sound with another. Gliddon.

2. A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in
meaning and usually in spelling; as, all and awl; bare and bear; rite,
write, right, and wright.

{ Ho`mo*phon"ic (?), Ho*moph"o*nous (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same +
&?; sound, tone: cf. F. homophone.] 1. (Mus.) (a) Originally, sounding
alike; of the same pitch; unisonous; monodic. (b) Now used for plain
harmony, note against note, as opposed to polyphonic harmony, in which
the several parts move independently, each with its own melody.

2. Expressing the same sound by a different combination of letters; as,
bay and bey.

Ho*moph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. homophonie.] 1. Sameness of
sound.

2. (Mus.) (a) Sameness of sound; unison. (b) Plain harmony, as opposed
to polyphony. See Homophonous.

Ho`mo*phyl"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homophily.

Ho*moph"y*ly (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; a clan.] (Biol.) That form of
homology due to common ancestry (phylogenetic homology), in opposition
to homomorphy, to which genealogic basis is wanting. Haeckel.

Ho"mo*plas`my (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; anything formed, fr. &?; to
form, mold.] (Biol.) Resemblance between different plants or animals,
in external shape, in general habit, or in organs, which is not due to
descent from a common ancestor, but to similar surrounding
circumstances.

Hom"o*plast (?), n. (Biol.) One of the plastids composing the idorgan
of Haeckel; -- also called homoˆrgan.

Ho`mo*plas"tic (?), a. [Homo- + plastic.] Of or pertaining to
homoplasty; as, homoplasticorgans; homoplastic forms.

Ho"mo*plas`ty (?), n. [Homo- + plasty.] (Biol.) The formation of
homologous tissues.

Ho*mop"la*sy (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; to form, mold.] (Biol.) See
Homogeny.

Ho`mo*pol"ic (?), a. [Homo- + pole.] (Biol.) In promorphology,
pertaining to or exhibiting that kind of organic form, in which the
stereometric ground form is a pyramid, with similar poles. See
Promorphology.

Ho*mop"ter (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Homoptera.

||Ho*mop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the same, like + &?;
||wing.] (Zoˆl.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which both pairs of wings
||are similar in texture, and do not overlap when folded, as in the
||cicada. See Hemiptera.

Ho*mop"ter*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An homopter.

Ho*mop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Homoptera.

Ho"mo*styled (?), a. [Homo- + style.] (Bot.) Having only one form of
pistils; -- said of the flowers of some plants. Darwin.

Ho`mo*sys*tem"ic (?), a. [Homo- + systemic.] (Biol.) Developing, in the
case of multicellular organisms, from the same embryonic systems into
which the secondary unit (gastrula or plant enbryo) differentiates.

||Ho`mo*tax"i*a (?), n. [NL.] Same as Homotaxis.

{ Ho`mo*tax"i*al (?), Ho`mo*tax"ic (?), } a. (Biol.) Relating to
homotaxis.

||Ho`mo*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the same + &?; arrangement.]
||(Biol.) Similarly in arrangement of parts; -- the opposite of
||heterotaxy.

Ho"mo*tax`y (?), n. Same as Homotaxis.

{ Ho`mo*ther"mic (?), Ho`mo*ther"mous (?), } a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; heat.]
(Physiol.) Warm-blooded; homoiothermal; hÊmatothermal.

Ho*mot"o*nous (?), a. [L. homotonus, Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; tone.]
Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation.

{ Ho*mot"ro*pal (?), Ho*mot"ro*pous (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same +
&?; turn, fr. &?; to turn: cf. F. homotrope.] 1. Turned in the same
direction with something else.

2. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the seed directed towards the hilum.

Ho"mo*ty`pal (?), a. (Biol.) Of the same type of structure; pertaining
to a homotype; as, homotypal parts.

Hom"o*type (?), n. [Homo- + - type.] (Biol.) That which has the same
fundamental type of structure with something else; thus, the right arm
is the homotype of the right leg; one arm is the homotype of the other,
etc. Owen.

{ Ho`mo*typ"ic (?), Ho`mo*typ"ic*al (?), } a. (Biol.) Same as
Homotypal.

Ho"mo*ty`py (?), n. [See Homotype.] (Biol.) A term suggested by Haeckel
to be instead of serial homology. See Homotype.

||Ho*mun"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Homunculi (#). [L., dim. of homo man.] A
||little man; a dwarf; a manikin. Sterne.

Hond (?), n. Hand. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hone (?), v. i. [Etymology uncertain. &radic;37.] To pine; to lament;
to long. Lamb.

Hone, n. [Cf. Icel. hn a knob.] A kind of swelling in the cheek.

Hone, n. [AS. hn; akin to Icel. hein, OSw. hen; cf. Skr. Áa, also Á,
Ái, to sharpen, and E. cone. &radic;38, 228.] A stone of a fine grit,
or a slab, as of metal, covered with an abrading substance or powder,
used for sharpening cutting instruments, and especially for setting
razors; an oilstone. Tusser.

Hone slateSee Polishing slate. - - Hone stone, one of several kinds of
stone used for hones. See Novaculite.

Hone, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Honed (hnd); p]. pr. & vb. n. Honing.] To
sharpen on, or with, a hone; to rub on a hone in order to sharpen; as,
to hone a razor.

Hon"est (?), a. [OE. honest, onest, OF. honeste, oneste, F. honnÍte, L.
honestus, fr. honos, honor, honor. See Honor.] 1. Decent; honorable;
suitable; becoming. Chaucer.

    Belong what honest clothes you send forth to bleaching!


Shak.

2. Characterized by integrity or fairness and straight&?;forwardness in
conduct, thought, speech, etc.; upright; just; equitable; trustworthy;
truthful; sincere; free from fraud, guile, or duplicity; not false; --
said of persons and acts, and of things to which a moral quality is
imputed; as, an honest judge or merchant; an honest statement; an
honest bargain; an honest business; an honest book; an honest
confession.

    An honest man's the noblest work of God.


Pope.

    An honest physician leaves his patient when he can contribute no
    farther to his health.


Sir W. Temple.

    Look ye out among you seven men of honest report.


Acts vi. 3.

    Provide things honest in the sight of all men.


Rom. xii. 17.

3. Open; frank; as, an honest countenance.

4. Chaste; faithful; virtuous.

    Wives may be merry, and yet honest too.


Shak.

Syn. -- Upright; ingenuous; honorable; trusty; faithful; equitable;
fair; just; rightful; sincere; frank; candid; genuine.

Hon"est, v. t. [L. honestare to clothe or adorn with honor: cf. F.
honester. See Honest, a.] To adorn; to grace; to honor; to make
becoming, appropriate, or honorable. [Obs.] Abp. Sandys.

Hon`es*ta"tion (?), n. The act of honesting; grace; adornment. [Obs.]
W. Montagu.

Ho*nes"te*tee (?), n. Honesty; honorableness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hon"est*ly (?), adv. 1. Honorably; becomingly; decently. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

2. In an honest manner; as, a contract honestly made; to live honestly;
to speak honestly. Shak.

To come honestly by. (a) To get honestly. (b) A circumlocution for to
inherit; as, to come honestly by a feature, a mental trait, a
peculiarity.

Hon"es*ty (?), n. [OE. honeste, oneste, honor, OF. honestÈ, onestÈ (cf.
F. honnÍtetÈ), L. honestas. See Honest, a.] 1. Honor; honorableness;
dignity; propriety; suitableness; decency. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    She derives her honesty and achieves her goodness.


Shak.

2. The quality or state of being honest; probity; fairness and
straightforwardness of conduct, speech, etc.; integrity; sincerity;
truthfulness; freedom from fraud or guile.

    That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and
    honesty.


1 Tim. ii. 2.

3. Chastity; modesty. Chaucer.

    To lay . . . siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife.


Shak.

4. (Bot.) Satin flower; the name of two cruciferous herbs having large
flat pods, the round shining partitions of which are more beautiful
than the blossom; -- called also lunary and moonwort. Lunaria biennis
is common honesty; L. rediva is perennial honesty.

Syn. -- Integrity; probity; uprightness; trustiness; faithfulness;
honor; justice; equity; fairness; candor; plain- dealing; veracity;
sincerity.

Hone"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant of the genus Sison (S.
Amomum); -- so called because used to cure a swelling called a hone.

Hon"ey (?), n. [OE. honi, huni, AS. hunig; akin to OS. honeg, D. & G.
honig, OHG. honag, honang, Icel. hunang, Sw. hÂning, Dan. honning, cf.
Gr. &?; dust, Skr. kaa grain.] 1. A sweet viscid fluid, esp. that
collected by bees from flowers of plants, and deposited in the cells of
the honeycomb.

2. That which is sweet or pleasant, like honey.

    The honey of his language.


Shak.

3. Sweet one; -- a term of endearment. Chaucer.

    Honey, you shall be well desired in Cyprus.


Shak.

Honey is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound; as,
honeydew or honey dew; honey guide or honeyguide; honey locust or
honey- locust.

Honey ant (Zoˆl.), a small ant (Myrmecocystus melliger), found in the
Southwestern United States, and in Mexico, living in subterranean
formicares. There are larger and smaller ordinary workers, and others,
which serve as receptacles or cells for the storage of honey, their
abdomens becoming distended to the size of a currant. These, in times
of scarcity, regurgitate the honey and feed the rest. -- Honey badger
(Zoˆl.), the ratel. -- Honey bear. (Zoˆl.) See Kinkajou. -- Honey
buzzard (Zoˆl.), a bird related to the kites, of the genus Pernis. The
European species is P. apivorus; the Indian or crested honey buzzard is
P. ptilorhyncha. They feed upon honey and the larvÊ of bees. Called
also bee hawk, bee kite. -- Honey creeper (Zoˆl.), one of numerous
species of small, bright, colored, passerine birds of the family
CúrebidÊ, abundant in Central and South America. -- Honey eater
(Zoˆl.), one of numerous species of small passerine birds of the family
MeliphagidÊ, abundant in Australia and Oceania; -- called also
honeysucker. -- Honey flower (Bot.), an evergreen shrub of the genus
Melianthus, a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The flowers yield much
honey. -- Honey guide (Zoˆl.), one of several species of small birds of
the family IndicatoridÊ, inhabiting Africa and the East Indies. They
have the habit of leading persons to the nests to wild bees. Called
also honeybird, and indicator. -- Honey harvest, the gathering of honey
from hives, or the honey which is gathered. Dryden. -- Honey kite.
(Zoˆl.) See Honey buzzard (above). -- Honey locust (Bot.), a North
American tree (Gleditschia triacanthos), armed with thorns, and having
long pods with a sweet pulp between the seeds. -- Honey month. Same as
Honeymoon. -- Honey weasel (Zoˆl.), the ratel.

<! p. 703 !>

Hon"ey (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Honeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Honeying.]
To be gentle, agreeable, or coaxing; to talk fondly; to use
endearments; also, to be or become obsequiously courteous or
complimentary; to fawn. "Honeying and making love." Shak.

    Rough to common men, But honey at the whisper of a lord.


Tennyson.

Hon"ey, v. t. To make agreeable; to cover or sweeten with, or as with,
honey.

    Canst thou not honey me with fluent speech?


Marston.

Hon"ey-bag` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The receptacle for honey in a honeybee.
Shak. Grew.

Hon"ey*bee` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any bee of the genus Apis, which lives in
communities and collects honey, esp. the common domesticated hive bee
(Apis mellifica), the Italian bee (A. ligustica), and the Arabiab bee
(A. fasciata). The two latter are by many entomologists considered only
varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of bees consists of a
large number of workers (barren females), with, ordinarily, one queen
or fertile female, but in the swarming season several young queens, and
a number of males or drones, are produced.

Hon"ey*bird` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The honey guide.

Hon"ey*comb` (?), n. [AS. hunigcamb. See Honey, and 1st Comb.] 1. A
mass of hexagonal waxen cells, formed by bees, and used by them to hold
their honey and their eggs.

2. Any substance, as a easting of iron, a piece of worm-eaten wood, or
of triple, etc., perforated with cells like a honeycomb.

Honeycomb moth (Zoˆl.), the wax moth. -- Honeycomb stomach. (Anat.) See
Reticulum.

Hon"ey*combed` (?), a. Formed or perforated like a honeycomb.

    Each bastion was honeycombed with casements.


Motley.

Hon"ey*dew` (?), n. 1. A sweet, saccharine substance, found on the
leaves of trees and other plants in small drops, like dew. Two
substances have been called by this name; one exuded from the plants,
and the other secreted by certain insects, esp. aphids.

2. A kind of tobacco moistened with molasses.

Hon"eyed (?), a. 1. Covered with honey.

2. Sweet, as, honeyed words. Milton.

Hon"ey*less (?), a. Destitute of honey. Shak.

Hon"ey*moon` (?), n. The first month after marriage. Addison.

Hon"ey-mouthed` (?), a. Soft to sweet in speech; persuasive. Shak.

Hon"ey*stone` (?), n. See Mellite.

Hon"ey*suck`er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Honey eater, under Honey.

Hon"ey*suc`kle (?), n. [Cf. AS. hunis&?;ge privet. See Honey, and
Suck.] (Bot.) One of several species of flowering plants, much admired
for their beauty, and some for their fragrance.

The honeysuckles are properly species of the genus Lonicera; as, L.
Caprifolium, and L. Japonica, the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds;
L. Periclymenum, the fragrant woodbine of England; L. grata, the
American woodbine, and L. sempervirens, the red-flowered trumpet
honeysuckle. The European fly honeysuckle is L. Xylosteum; the
American, L. ciliata. The American Pinxter flower (Azalea nudiflora) is
often called honeysuckle, or false honeysuckle. The name Australian
honeysuckle is applied to one or more trees of the genus Banksia. See
French honeysuckle, under French.

Hon"ey*suc`kled (?), a. Covered with honeysuckles.

Hon"ey-sweet` (?), a. Sweet as honey. Chaucer.

Hon"ey-tongued` (?), a. Sweet speaking; persuasive; seductive. Shak.

Hon"ey*ware` (?), n. (Bot.) See Badderlocks.

Hon"ey*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European plant of the genus Cerinthe,
whose flowers are very attractive to bees. Loudon.

Hong (?), n. [Chinese hang, Canton dialect hong, a mercantile house,
factory.] A mercantile establishment or factory for foreign trade in
China, as formerly at Canton; a succession of offices connected by a
common passage and used for business or storage.

Hong merchant, one of the few Chinese merchants who, previous to the
treaty of 1842, formed a guild which had the exclusive privilege of
trading with foreigners.

Hong (?), v. t. & i. To hang. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hon"ied (?), a. See Honeyed.

Hon"i*ton lace` (?). A kind of pillow lace, remarkable for the beauty
of its figures; -- so called because chiefly made in Honiton, England.

Honk (?), n. [Of imitative origin.] (Zoˆl.) The cry of a wild goose. --
Honk"ing, n.

Hon"or (?), n. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur,
onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.] [Written also
honour.] 1. Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect;
consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or
reverence.

    A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country.


Matt. xiii. 57.

2. That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration;
self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity; especially, excellence of
character; high moral worth; virtue; nobleness; specif., in men,
integrity; uprightness; trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity.

    If she have forgot Honor and virtue.


Shak.

    Godlike erect, with native honor clad.


Milton.

3. A nice sense of what is right, just, and true, with course of life
correspondent thereto; strict conformity to the duty imposed by
conscience, position, or privilege.

    Say, what is honor? 'T is the finest sense Of justice which the
    human mind can frame, Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim, And
    guard the way of life from all offense Suffered or done.


Wordsworth.

    I could not love thee, dear, so much, Loved I not honor more.


Lovelace.

4. That to which esteem or consideration is paid; distinguished
position; high rank. "Restored me to my honors." Shak.

    I have given thee . . . both riches, and honor.


1 Kings iii. 13.

    Thou art clothed with honor and majesty.


Ps. civ. 1.

5. Fame; reputation; credit.

    Some in theiractions do woo, and affect honor and reputation.


Bacon.

    If my honor is meant anything distinct from conscience, 't is no
    more than a regard to the censure and esteem of the world.


Rogers.

6. A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of respect; a ceremonial
sign of consideration; as, he wore an honor on his breast; military
honors; civil honors. "Their funeral honors." Dryden.

7. A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an excellency; an ornament;
as, he is an honor to his nation.

8. A title applied to the holders of certain honorable civil offices,
or to persons of rank; as, His Honor the Mayor. See Note under
Honorable.

9. (Feud. Law) A seigniory or lordship held of the king, on which other
lordships and manors depended. Cowell.

10. pl. Academic or university prizes or distinctions; as, honors in
classics.

11. pl. (Whist) The ace, king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and
nine are sometimes called Dutch honors. R. A. Proctor.

Affair of honor, a dispute to be decided by a duel, or the duel itself.
-- Court of honor, a court or tribunal to investigate and decide
questions relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a
military court to investigate acts or omissions which are unofficerlike
or ungentlemanly in their nature. -- Debt of honor, a debt contracted
by a verbal promise, or by betting or gambling, considered more binding
than if recoverable by law. -- Honor bright! An assurance of truth or
fidelity. [Colloq.] -- Honor court (Feudal Law), one held in an honor
or seignory. -- Honor point. (Her.) See Escutcheon. -- Honors of war
(Mil.), distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy, as of marching out
from a camp or town armed, and with colors flying. -- Law, or Code, of
honor, certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among
persons of fashion, and which are founded on a regard to reputation.
Paley. -- Maid of honor, a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the
queen when she appears in public. -- On one's honor, on the pledge of
one's honor; as, the members of the House of Lords in Great Britain,
are not under oath, but give their statements or verdicts on their
honor. -- Point of honor, a scruple or nice distinction in matters
affecting one's honor; as, he raised a point of honor. -- To do the
honors, to bestow honor, as on a guest; to act as host or hostess at an
entertainment. "To do the honors and to give the word." Pope. -- To do
one honor, to confer distinction upon one. -- To have the honor, to
have the privilege or distinction. -- Word of honor, an engagement
confirmed by a pledge of honor.

Hon"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Honored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Honoring.]
[OE. honouren, onouren, OF. honorer, honourer, F. honorer, fr. L.
honorare, fr. honor, n.] 1. To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or
respect; to revere; to treat with deference and submission; when used
of the Supreme Being, to reverence; to adore; to worship.

    Honor thy father and thy mother.


Ex. xx. 12.

    That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father.


John v. 23.

    It is a custom More honor'd in the breach than the observance.


Shak.

2. To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice; to bestow honor upon;
to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble; to exalt; to glorify; hence,
to do something to honor; to treat in a complimentary manner or with
civility.

    Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to honor.


Esther vi. 9.

    The name of Cassius honors this corruption.


Shak.

3. (Com.) To accept and pay when due; as, to honora bill of exchange.

Hon"or*a*ble (?), a. [F. honorable, L. honorabilis.] 1. Worthy of
honor; fit to be esteemed or regarded; estimable; illustrious.

    Thy name and honorable family.


Shak.

2. High-minded; actuated by principles of honor, or a scrupulous regard
to probity, rectitude, or reputation.

3. Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause, or directed to a just
and proper end; not base; irreproachable; fair; as, an honorable
motive.

    Is this proceeding just and honorable?


Shak.

4. Conferring honor, or produced by noble deeds.

    Honorable wounds from battle brought.


Dryden.

5. Worthy of respect; regarded with esteem; to be commended; consistent
with honor or rectitude.

    Marriage is honorable in all.


Heb. xiii. 4.

6. Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies of
esteem; as, an honorable burial.

7. Of reputable association or use; respectable.

    Let her descend: my chambers are honorable.


Shak.

8. An epithet of respect or distinction; as, the honorable Senate; the
honorable gentleman.

Honorable is a title of quality, conferred by English usage upon the
younger children of earls and all the children of viscounts and barons.
The maids of honor, lords of session, and the supreme judges of England
and Ireland are entitled to the prefix. In American usage, it is a
title of courtesy merely, bestowed upon those who hold, or have held,
any of the higher public offices, esp. governors, judges, members of
Congress or of the Senate, mayors.

Right honorable. See under Right.

Hon"or*a*ble*ness, n. 1. The state of being honorable; eminence;
distinction.

2. Conformity to the principles of honor, probity, or moral rectitude;
fairness; uprightness; reputableness.

Hon"or*a*bly (?), adv. 1. In an honorable manner; in a manner showing,
or consistent with, honor.

    The reverend abbot . . . honorably received him.


Shak.

    Why did I not more honorably starve?


Dryden.

2. Decently; becomingly. [Obs.] "Do this message honorably." Shak.

Syn. -- Magnanimously; generously; nobly; worthily; justly; equitably;
fairly; reputably.

{ ||Hon`o*ra"ri*um (?), Hon"or*a*ry (?), } n. [L. honorarium (sc.
donum), fr. honorarius. See Honorary, a.] 1. A fee offered to
professional men for their services; as, an honorarium of one thousand
dollars. S. Longfellow.

2. (Law) An honorary payment, usually in recognition of services for
which it is not usual or not lawful to assign a fixed business price.
Heumann.

Hon"or*a*ry, a. [L. honorarius, fr. honor honor: cf. F. honoraire.] 1.
Done as a sign or evidence of honor; as, honorary services. Macaulay.

2. Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer honor without
emolument; as, an honorary degree. "Honorary arches." Addison.

3. Holding a title or place without rendering service or receiving
reward; as, an honorary member of a society.

Hon"or*er (?), n. One who honors.

Hon`or*if"ic (?), a. [See Honor, -fy, and -ic.] Conferring honor;
tending to honor. London Spectator.

Hon"or*less (?), a. Destitute of honor; not honored. Bp. Warburton.

Hont (hnt), n. & v. See under Hunt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hoo (?), interj. 1. See Ho. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Hurrah! -- an exclamation of triumphant joy. Shak.

-hood (?). [OE. hod, had, hed, hede, etc., person, rank, order,
condition, AS. hd; akin to OS. hd, OHG. heit, G. -heit, D. -heid, Goth.
haidus manner; cf. Skr. ktu brightness, cit to appear, be noticeable,
notice. &radic;217. Cf. -head.] A termination denoting state,
condition, quality, character, totality, as in manhood, childhood,
knighthood, brotherhood. Sometimes it is written, chiefly in obsolete
words, in the form -head.

Hood (?), n. [OE. hood, hod, AS. hd; akin to D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG.
huot, also to E. hat, and prob. to E. heed. &radic;13.] 1. State;
condition. [Obs.]

    How could thou ween, through that disguised hood To hide thy state
    from being understood?


Spenser.

2. A covering or garment for the head or the head and shoulders, often
attached to the body garment; especially: (a) A soft covering for the
head, worn by women, which leaves only the face exposed. (b) A part of
a monk's outer garment, with which he covers his head; a cowl. "All
hoods make not monks." Shak. (c) A like appendage to a cloak or loose
overcoat, that may be drawn up over the head at pleasure. (d) An
ornamental fold at the back of an academic gown or ecclesiastical
vestment; as, a master's hood. (e) A covering for a horse's head. (f)
(Falconry) A covering for a hawk's head and eyes. See Illust. of
Falcon.

3. Anything resembling a hood in form or use; as: (a) The top or head
of a carriage. (b) A chimney top, often contrived to secure a constant
draught by turning with the wind. (c) A projecting cover above a
hearth, forming the upper part of the fireplace, and confining the
smoke to the flue. (d) The top of a pump. (e) (Ord.) A covering for a
mortar. (f) (Bot.) The hood-shaped upper petal of some flowers, as of
monkshood; -- called also helmet. Gray. (g) (Naut.) A covering or porch
for a companion hatch.

4. (Shipbuilding) The endmost plank of a strake which reaches the stem
or stern.

<! p. 704 !>

Hood (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooding.] 1.
To cover with a hood; to furnish with a hood or hood-shaped appendage.

    The friar hooded, and the monarch crowned.


Pope.

2. To cover; to hide; to blind.

    While grace is saying, I'll hood mine eyes Thus with my hat, and
    sigh and say, "Amen."


Shak.

Hooding end (Shipbuilding), the end of a hood where it enters the
rabbet in the stem post or stern post.

Hood"cap`, n. See Hooded seal, under Hooded.

Hood"ed, a. 1. Covered with a hood.

2. Furnished with a hood or something like a hood.

3. Hood-shaped; esp. (Bot.), rolled up like a cornet of paper;
cuculate, as the spethe of the Indian turnip.

4. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having the head conspicuously different in color from
the rest of the plumage; -- said of birds. (b) Having a hoodlike crest
or prominence on the head or neck; as, the hooded seal; a hooded snake.

Hooded crow, a European crow (Corvus cornix); -- called also hoody, dun
crow, and royston crow. -- Hooded gull, the European black-headed pewit
or gull. -- Hooded merganser. See Merganser. -- Hooded seal, a large
North Atlantic seal (Cystophora cristata). The male has a large,
inflatible, hoodlike sac upon the head. Called also hoodcap. -- Hooded
sheldrake, the hooded merganser. See Merganser. -- Hooded snake. See
Cobra de capello, Asp, Haje, etc. -- Hooded warbler, a small American
warbler (Sylvania mitrata).

Hood"less, a. Having no hood.

Hood"lum (?), n. A young rowdy; a rough, lawless fellow. [Colloq. U.S.]

Hood"man (?), n. The person blindfolded in the game called
hoodman-blind. [Obs.] Shak.

Hood"man-blind` (?), n. An old term for blindman's buff. Shak.

{ Hood" mold`ing Hood" mould`ing } (?). (Arch.) A projecting molding
over the head of an arch, forming the outermost member of the
archivolt; -- called also hood mold.

Hoo"doo (?), n. [Perh. a var. of voodoo.] One who causes bad luck.
[Colloq.]

Hood"wink (?), v. t. [Hood + wink.] 1. To blind by covering the eyes.

    We will blind and hoodwink him.


Shak.

2. To cover; to hide. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To deceive by false appearance; to impose upon. "Hoodwinked with
kindness." Sir P. Sidney.

Hood"y (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The hooded crow; also, in Scotland, the hooded
gull.

Hoof (?), n.; pl. Hoofs (#), very rarely Hooves (#). [OE. hof, AS. hf;
akin to D. hoef, G1huf, OHG. huof, Icel. hfr, Sw. hof, Dan. hov; cf.
Russ. kopuito, Skr. Áapha. &radic;225.] 1. The horny substance or case
that covers or terminates the feet of certain animals, as horses, oxen,
etc.

    On burnished hooves his war horse trode.


Tennyson.

2. A hoofed animal; a beast.

    Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not a hoof be left
    behind.


Ex. x. 26.

3. (Geom.) See Ungula.

Hoof, v. i. 1. To walk as cattle. [R.] William Scott.

2. To be on a tramp; to foot. [Slang, U.S.]

To hoof it, to foot it.

Hoof"bound` (?), a. (Far.) Having a dry and contracted hoof, which
occasions pain and lameness.

Hoofed (?), a. Furnished with hoofs. Grew.

Hoof"less (?), a. Destitute of hoofs.

Hook (?), n. [OE. hok, AS. hc; cf. D. haak, G. hake, haken, OHG. hko,
hgo, hggo, Icel. haki, Sw. hake, Dan. hage. Cf. Arquebuse, Hagbut,
Hake, Hatch a half door, Heckle.] 1. A piece of metal, or other hard
material, formed or bent into a curve or at an angle, for catching,
holding, or sustaining anything; as, a hook for catching fish; a hook
for fastening a gate; a boat hook, etc.

2. That part of a hinge which is fixed to a post, and on which a door
or gate hangs and turns.

3. An implement for cutting grass or grain; a sickle; an instrument for
cutting or lopping; a billhook.

    Like slashing Bentley with his desperate hook.


Pope.

4. (Steam Engin.) See Eccentric, and V-hook.

5. A snare; a trap. [R.] Shak.

6. A field sown two years in succession. [Prov. Eng.]

7. pl. The projecting points of the thigh bones of cattle; -- called
also hook bones.

By hook or by crook, one way or other; by any means, direct or
indirect. Milton. "In hope her to attain by hook or crook." Spenser. --
Off the hooks, unhinged; disturbed; disordered. [Colloq.] "In the
evening, by water, to the Duke of Albemarle, whom I found mightly off
the hooks that the ships are not gone out of the river." Pepys. -- On
one's own hook, on one's own account or responsibility; by one's self.
[Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett. -- To go off the hooks, to die. [Colloq.]
Thackeray. -- Bid hook, a small boat hook. -- Chain hook. See under
Chain. -- Deck hook, a horizontal knee or frame, in the bow of a ship,
on which the forward part of the deck rests. -- Hook and eye, one of
the small wire hooks and loops for fastening together the opposite
edges of a garment, etc. -- Hook bill (Zoˆl.), the strongly curved beak
of a bird. -- Hook ladder, a ladder with hooks at the end by which it
can be suspended, as from the top of a wall. -- Hook motion (Steam
Engin.), a valve gear which is reversed by V hooks. -- Hook squid, any
squid which has the arms furnished with hooks, instead of suckers, as
in the genera Enoploteuthis and Onychteuthis. -- Hook wrench, a wrench
or spanner, having a hook at the end, instead of a jaw, for turning a
bolthead, nut, or coupling.

Hook, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooking.] 1. To
catch or fasten with a hook or hooks; to seize, capture, or hold, as
with a hook, esp. with a disguised or baited hook; hence, to secure by
allurement or artifice; to entrap; to catch; as, to hook a dress; to
hook a trout.

    Hook him, my poor dear, . . . at any sacrifice.


W. Collins.

2. To seize or pierce with the points of the horns, as cattle in
attacking enemies; to gore.

3. To steal. [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.]

To hook on, to fasten or attach by, or as by, hook.

Hook (?), v. i. To bend; to curve as a hook.

Hook"ah (hk"), n. [Per. or Ar. huqqa a round box or casket, a bottle
through which the fumes pass when smoking tobacco.] A pipe with a long,
flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by being made to
pass through water.

Hook"-billed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a strongly curved bill.

Hooked (?), a. 1. Having the form of a hook; curvated; as, the hooked
bill of a bird.

2. Provided with a hook or hooks. "The hooked chariot." Milton.

Hook"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being bent like a hook; incurvation.

Hook"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, hooks.

2. (Naut.) (a) A Dutch vessel with two masts. (b) A fishing boat with
one mast, used on the coast of Ireland. (c) A sailor's contemptuous
term for any antiquated craft.

Hooke's" gear"ing (?). [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) Spur
gearing having teeth slanting across the face of the wheel, sometimes
slanting in opposite directions from the middle.

Hooke's joint (?). [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) A universal
joint. See under Universal.

Hook"ey (?), n. See Hockey.

Hook"let (?), n. A little hook.

Hook"-nosed` (?), a. Having a hooked or aquiline nose. Shak.

Hook"y (?), a. Full of hooks; pertaining to hooks.

Hool (?), a. Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hoo"lock (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small black gibbon (Hylobates hoolock),
found in the mountains of Assam.

Hoom (?), n. Home. Chaucer.

Hoo"noo*maun (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An Indian monkey. See Entellus. [Written
also hoonuman.]

Hoop (?), n. [OE. hope; akin to D. hoep, hoepel.] 1. A pliant strip of
wood or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for
holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc.

2. A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder
(cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese.

3. A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or
other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies'
dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the plural.

    Though stiff with hoops, and armed with ribs of whale.


Pope.

4. A quart pot; -- so called because originally bound with hoops, like
a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents measured by the distance
between the hoops. [Obs.]

5. An old measure of capacity, variously estimated at from one to four
pecks. [Eng.] Halliwell.

Bulge hoop, Chine hoop, Quarter hoop, the hoop nearest the middle of a
cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop between these
two, respectively. -- Flat hoop, a wooden hoop dressed flat on both
sides. -- Half-round hoop, a wooden hoop left rounding and undressed on
the outside. -- Hoop iron, iron in thin narrow strips, used for making
hoops. -- Hoop lock, the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden hoops
by notching and interlocking them. -- Hoop skirt, a framework of hoops
for expanding the skirts of a woman's dress; -- called also hoop
petticoat. -- Hoop snake (Zoˆl.), a harmless snake of the Southern
United States (Abaster erythrogrammus); -- so called from the mistaken
notion that it curves itself into a hoop, taking its tail into its
mouth, and rolls along with great velocity. -- Hoop tree (Bot.), a
small West Indian tree (Melia sempervirens), of the Mahogany family.

Hoop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooping.] 1. To
bind or fasten with hoops; as, to hoop a barrel or puncheon.

2. To clasp; to encircle; to surround. Shak.

Hoop (?), v. i. [OE. houpen; cf. F. houper to hoop, to shout; -- a
hunting term, prob. fr. houp, an interj. used in calling. Cf. Whoop.]
1. To utter a loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of
call or pursuit; to shout. [Usually written whoop.]

2. To whoop, as in whooping cough. See Whoop.

Hooping cough. (Med.) See Whooping cough.

Hoop, v. t. [Written also whoop.] 1. To drive or follow with a shout.
"To be hooped out of Rome." Shak.

2. To call by a shout or peculiar cry.

Hoop, n. 1. A shout; a whoop, as in whooping cough.

2. (Zoˆl.) The hoopoe. See Hoopoe.

Hoop"er (?), n. [See 1st Hoop.] One who hoops casks or tubs; a cooper.

Hoop"er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) [So called from its note.] The European
whistling, or wild, swan (Olor cygnus); -- called also hooper swan,
whooping swan, and elk.

{ Hoop"oe (?), Hoop"oo (?) }, n. [So called from its cry; cf. L. upupa,
Gr. &?;, D. hop, F. huppe; cf. also G. wiedenhopf, OHG. wituhopfo,
lit., wood hopper.] (Zoˆl.) A European bird of the genus Upupa (U.
epops), having a beautiful crest, which it can erect or depress at
pleasure. Called also hoop, whoop. The name is also applied to several
other species of the same genus and allied genera.

Hoo"sier (?), n. A nickname given to an inhabitant of the State of
Indiana. [U.S.]

Hoot (ht), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hooting.] [OE.
hoten, houten, huten; cf. OSw. huta, Sw. huta ut to take one up
sharply, fr. Sw. hut interj., begone! cf. also W. hwt off! off with it!
away! hoot!] 1. To cry out or shout in contempt.

    Matrons and girls shall hoot at thee no more.


Dryden.

2. To make the peculiar cry of an owl.

    The clamorous owl that nightly hoots.


Shak.

Hoot, v. t. To assail with contemptuous cries or shouts; to follow with
derisive shouts.

    Partridge and his clan may hoot me for a cheat.


Swift.

Hoot, n. 1. A derisive cry or shout. Glanvill.

2. The cry of an owl.

Hoot owl (Zoˆl.), the barred owl (Syrnium nebulosum). See Barred owl.

Hoove (?), n. [Allied to heave, hove.] A disease in cattle consisting
in inflammation of the stomach by gas, ordinarily caused by eating too
much green food; tympany; bloating.

{ Hoov"en (?), Ho"ven (?), } a. Affected with hoove; as, hooven, or
hoven, cattle.

Hop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hopping (?).]
[OE. hoppen to hop, leap, dance, AS. hoppian; akin to Icel. & Sw.
hoppa, Dan. hoppe, D. huppelen, G. h¸pfen.] 1. To move by successive
leaps, as toads do; to spring or jump on one foot; to skip, as birds
do.

    [Birds] hopping from spray to spray.


Dryden.

2. To walk lame; to limp; to halt. Dryden.

3. To dance. Smollett.

Hop, n. 1. A leap on one leg, as of a boy; a leap, as of a toad; a
jump; a spring.

2. A dance; esp., an informal dance of ball. [Colloq.]

Hop, skip (or step), and jump, a game or athletic sport in which the
participants cover as much ground as possible by a hop, stride, and
jump in succession. Addison.

Hop, n. [OE. hoppe; akin to D. hop, hoppe, OHG. hopfo, G. hopfen; cf.
LL. hupa, W. hopez, Armor. houpez, and Icel. humall, SW. & Dan. humle.]
1. (Bot.) A climbing plant (Humulus Lupulus), having a long, twining,
annual stalk. It is cultivated for its fruit (hops).

2. The catkin or strobilaceous fruit of the hop, much used in brewing
to give a bitter taste.

3. The fruit of the dog-rose. See Hip.

Hop back. (Brewing) See under 1st Back. -- Hop clover (Bot.), a species
of yellow clover having heads like hops in miniature (Trifolium
agrarium, and T. procumbens). -- Hop flea (Zoˆl.), a small flea beetle
(Haltica concinna), very injurious to hops. -- Hop fly (Zoˆl.), an
aphid (Phorodon humuli), very injurious to hop vines. -- Hop froth fly
(Zoˆl.), an hemipterous insect (Aphrophora interrupta), allied to the
cockoo spits. It often does great damage to hop vines. -- Hop hornbeam
(Bot.), an American tree of the genus Ostrya (O. Virginica) the
American ironwood; also, a European species (O. vulgaris). -- Hop moth
(Zoˆl.), a moth (Hypena humuli), which in the larval state is very
injurious to hop vines. -- Hop picker, one who picks hops. -- Hop pole,
a pole used to support hop vines. -- Hop tree (Bot.), a small American
tree (Ptelia trifoliata), having broad, flattened fruit in large
clusters, sometimes used as a substitute for hops. -- Hop vine (Bot.),
the climbing vine or stalk of the hop.

Hop, v. t. To impregnate with hops. Mortimer.

Hop, v. i. To gather hops. [Perhaps only in the form Hopping, vb. n.]

{ Hop"bine` (?), Hop"bind` (?), } n. The climbing stem of the hop.
Blackstone.

Hope (?), n. [Cf. Icel. hp a small bay or inlet.] 1. A sloping plain
between mountain ridges. [Obs.]

2. A small bay; an inlet; a haven. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Hope, n. [AS., akin to D. hoop, hope, Sw. hopp, Dan. haab, MHG. hoffe.
Hope in forlorn hope is different word. See Forlorn hope, under
Forlorn.] 1. A desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of
obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of
something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing
expectancy.

    The hypocrite's hope shall perish.


Job vii. 13.

    He wished, but not with hope.


Milton.

    New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven.


Keble.

2. One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes ground of expectation,
or promises desired good.

    The Lord will be the hope of his people.


Joel iii. 16.

    A young gentleman of great hopes, whose love of learning was highly
    commendable.


Macaulay.

3. That which is hoped for; an object of hope.

    Lavina is thine elder brother's hope.


Shak.

Hope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoping.] [AS.
hopian; akin to D. hopen, Sw. hopp&?;, Dan. haabe, G. hoffen. See 2nd
Hope.] 1. To entertain or indulge hope; to cherish a desire of good, or
of something welcome, with expectation of obtaining it or belief that
it is obtainable; to expect; -- usually followed by for. "Hope for good
success." Jer. Taylor.

    But I will hope continually.


Ps. lxxi. 14.

2. To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good; --
usually followed by in. "I hope in thy word." Ps. cxix. 81.

    Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted
    within me? Hope thou in God.


Ps. xlii. 11.

<! p. 705 !>

Hope (?), v. t. 1. To desire with expectation or with belief in the
possibility or prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing
desirable, with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of.

    We hope no other from your majesty.


Shak.

    [Charity] hopeth all things.


1 Cor. xiii. 7.

2. To expect; to fear. [Obs.] "I hope he will be dead." Chaucer.

Hope is often used colloquially regarding uncertainties, with no
reference to the future. "I hope she takes me to be flesh and blood."
Mrs. Centlivre.

Hope"ful (?), a. 1. Full of hope, or agreeable expectation; inclined to
hope; expectant.

    Men of their own natural inclination hopeful and strongly
    conceited.


Hooker.

2. Having qualities which excite hope; affording promise of good or of
success; as, a hopeful youth; a hopeful prospect. "Hopeful scholars."
Addison.

-- Hope"ful*ly, adv. -- Hope"ful*ness, n.

Hope"ite (?), n. [Named after Professor Hope, of Edinburgh.] (Min.) A
hydrous phosphate of zinc in transparent prismatic crystals.

Hope"less, a. 1. Destitute of hope; having no expectation of good;
despairing.

    I am a woman, friendless, hopeless.


Shak.

2. Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate;
as, a hopeless cause.

    The hopelessword of "never to return" Breathe I against thee, upon
    pain of life.


Shak.

3. Unhoped for; despaired of. [Obs.] Marston.

-- Hope"less*ly, adv. -- Hope"less*ness, n.

Hop"er (?), n. One who hopes. Swift.

Hop"ing*ly, adv. In a hopeful manner. Hammond.

Hop"lite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; tool, weapon: cf. F. hoplite.] (Gr.
Antiq.) A heavy-armed infantry soldier. Milford.

{ Hop"-o'-my-thumb" (?), Hop"-thumb" }, n. A very diminutive person.
[Colloq.] liwell.

Hopped (?), p. a. Impregnated with hops.

Hop"per (?), n. [See 1st Hop.] 1. One who, or that which, hops.

2. A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening
at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a
machine; as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain passes
into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel
passes into a furnace, or coal, etc., into a car.

3. (Mus.) See Grasshopper, 2.

4. pl. A game. See Hopscotch. Johnson.

5. (Zoˆl.) (a) See Grasshopper, and Frog hopper, Grape hopper, Leaf
hopper, Tree hopper, under Frog, Grape, Leaf, and Tree. (b) The larva
of a cheese fly.

6. (Naut.) A vessel for carrying waste, garbage, etc., out to sea, so
constructed as to discharge its load by a mechanical contrivance; --
called also dumping scow.

Bell and hopper (Metal.), the apparatus at the top of a blast furnace,
through which the charge is introduced, while the gases are retained.
-- Hopper boy, a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread meal for
drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor, through which it
falls. -- Hopper closet, a water- closet, without a movable pan, in
which the receptacle is a funnel standing on a draintrap. -- Hopper
cock, a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a water-closet.

Hop"per*ings (?), n. (Gold Washing) Gravel retaining in the hopper of a
cradle.

Hop`pes*tere" (?), a. An unexplained epithet used by Chaucer in
reference to ships. By some it is defined as "dancing (on the wave)";
by others as "opposing," "warlike." T. R. Lounsbury.

Hop"pet (?), n. 1. A hand basket; also, a dish used by miners for
measuring ore. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An infant in arms. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Hop"ping (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, hops; a jumping,
frisking, or dancing.

Hopping Dick (Zoˆl.), a thrush of Jamaica (Merula leucogenys),
resembling the English blackbird in its familiar manners, agreeable
song, and dark plumage.

Hop"ping, n. [See 3rd Hop.] A gathering of hops.

Hop"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoppled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoppling
(?).] [From Hop; cf. Hobble.] 1. To impede by a hopple; to tie the feet
of (a horse or a cow) loosely together; to hamper; to hobble; as, to
hopple an unruly or straying horse.

2. Fig.: To entangle; to hamper. Dr. H. More.

Hop"ple, n. A fetter for horses, or cattle, when turned out to graze;
-- chiefly used in the plural.

Hop"ple*bush` (?), n. Same as Hobblebush.

Hop"po (?), n. (a) A collector of customs, as at Canton; an overseer of
commerce. (b) A tribunal or commission having charge of the revenue
derived from trade and navigation. [China]

Hoppo men, Chinese customhouse officers.

Hop"scotch` (?), n. A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one
foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced
or scotched on the ground; -- called also hoppers.

Hop"-thumb` (?), n. See Hop-o'- my-thumb.

Hop"yard` (?), n. A field where hops are raised.

Ho"ral (?), a. [L. horalis, fr. hora hour. See Hour.] Of or pertaining
to an hour, or to hours. Prior.

Ho"ra*ly (?), adv. Hourly. [Obs.]

Ho"ra*ry (?), a. [LL. horarius, fr. L. hora hour: cf. F. horaire. See
Hour.] 1. Of or pertaining to an hour; noting the hours. Spectator.

2. Occurring once an hour; continuing an hour; hourly; ephemeral.

    Horary, or soon decaying, fruits of summer.


Sir T. Browne.

Horary circles. See Circles.

Ho*ra"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or
resembling his style.

Horde (hrd), n. [F. horde (cf. G. horde), fr. Turk. ord, ord, camp; of
Tartar origin.] A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe
of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of
pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude. Thomson.

Hor*de"ic (?), a. [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
derived from, barley; as, hordeic acid, an acid identical or isomeric
with lauric acid.

Hor"de*in (?), n. [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.) A peculiar starchy
matter contained in barley. It is a complex mixture. [R.]

||Hor*de"o*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hordeolus, dim. of hordeum barley.]
||(Med.) A small tumor upon the eyelid, resembling a grain of barley; a
||sty.

Hor"dock` (?), n. An unidentified plant mentioned by Shakespeare,
perhaps equivalent to burdock.

Hore (?), a. Hoar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hore"hound` (?), n. [OE. horehune, AS. hrhune; hr hoar, gray + hune
horehound; cf. L. cunila a species of organum, Gr. &?;, Skr. kn&?;y to
smell.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Marrubium (M. vulgare), which has a
bitter taste, and is a weak tonic, used as a household remedy for
colds, coughing, etc. [Written also hoarhound.]

Fetid horehound, or Black horehound, a disagreeable plant resembling
horehound (Ballota nigra). -- Water horehound, a species of the genus
Lycopus, resembling mint, but not aromatic.

Ho*ri"zon (?), n. [F., fr. L. horizon, fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the
bounding line, horizon, fr. &?; to bound, fr. &?; boundary, limit.] 1.
The circle which bounds that part of the earth's surface visible to a
spectator from a given point; the apparent junction of the earth and
sky.

    And when the morning sun shall raise his car Above the border of
    this horizon.


Shak.

    All the horizon round Invested with bright rays.


Milton.

2. (Astron.) (a) A plane passing through the eye of the spectator and
at right angles to the vertical at a given place; a plane tangent to
the earth's surface at that place; called distinctively the sensible
horizon. (b) A plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a place, and
passing through the earth's center; -- called also rational or
celestial horizon. (c) (Naut.) The unbroken line separating sky and
water, as seen by an eye at a given elevation, no land being visible.

3. (Geol.) The epoch or time during which a deposit was made.

    The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same time,
    are said to belong to the same geological horizon.


Le Conte.

4. (Painting) The chief horizontal line in a picture of any sort, which
determines in the picture the height of the eye of the spectator; in an
extended landscape, the representation of the natural horizon
corresponds with this line.

Apparent horizon. See under Apparent. -- Artificial horizon, a level
mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow vessel, or a plane
reflector adjusted to the true level artificially; -- used chiefly with
the sextant for observing the double altitude of a celestial body. --
Celestial horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2, above. -- Dip of the horizon
(Astron.), the vertical angle between the sensible horizon and a line
to the visible horizon, the latter always being below the former. --
Rational horizon, and Sensible horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2, above. --
Visible horizon. See definitions 1 and 2, above.

Hor`i*zon"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. horizontal.] 1. Pertaining to, or near,
the horizon. "Horizontal misty air." Milton.

2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a horizontalline or
surface.

3. Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; as, horizontal
distance.

Horizontal drill, a drilling machine having a horizontal drill spindle.
-- Horizontal engine, one the piston of which works horizontally. --
Horizontal fire (Mil.), the fire of ordnance and small arms at
point-blank range or at low angles of elevation. -- Horizontal force
(Physics), the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic force. --
Horizontal line (Descriptive Geometry & Drawing), a constructive line,
either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of sight, and
is the chief line in the projection upon which all verticals are fixed,
and upon which all vanishing points are found. -- Horizontal parallax.
See under Parallax. -- Horizontal plane (Descriptive Geometry), a plane
parallel to the horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are
projected. See Projection. It is upon the horizontal plane that the
ground plan of the buildings is supposed to be drawn. -- Horizontal
projection, a projection made on a plane parallel to the horizon. --
Horizontal range (Gunnery), the distance in a horizontal plane to which
a gun will throw a projectile. -- Horizontal water wheel, a water wheel
in which the axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a
horizontal plane, as in most turbines.

Hor`i*zon*tal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. horizontalitÈ.] The state or quality
of being horizontal. Kirwan.

Hor`i*zon"tal*ly, adv. In a horizontal direction or position; on a
level; as, moving horizontally.

||Hor`mo*go*ni"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;a chain + &?; generation.]
||(Bot.) A chain of small cells in certain algÊ, by which the plant is
||propagated.

Horn (?), n. [AS. horn; akin to D. horen, hoorn, G., Icel., Sw., & Dan.
horn, Goth. ha˙rn, W., Gael., & Ir. corn, L. cornu, Gr. &?;, and perh.
also to E. cheer, cranium, cerebral; cf. Skr. Áiras head. Cf. Carat,
Corn on the foot, Cornea, Corner, Cornet, Cornucopia, Hart.] 1. A hard,
projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the heads of
certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle, goats, and the like.
The hollow horns of the Ox family consist externally of true horn, and
are never shed.

2. The antler of a deer, which is of bone throughout, and annually shed
and renewed.

3. (Zoˆl.) Any natural projection or excrescence from an animal,
resembling or thought to resemble a horn in substance or form; esp.:
(a) A projection from the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. (b) A
tuft of feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl. (c) A
hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an insect, or the head
of a reptile, or fish. (d) A sharp spine in front of the fins of a
fish, as in the horned pout.

4. (Bot.) An incurved, tapering and pointed appendage found in the
flowers of the milkweed (Asclepias).

5. Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a horn; as: (a) A
wind instrument of music; originally, one made of a horn (of an ox or a
ram); now applied to various elaborately wrought instruments of brass
or other metal, resembling a horn in shape. "Wind his horn under the
castle wall." Spenser. See French horn, under French. (b) A drinking
cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of the horns of cattle.
"Horns of mead and ale." Mason. (c) The cornucopia, or horn of plenty.
See Cornucopia. "Fruits and flowers from AmalthÊa's horn." Milton. (d)
A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for containing powder;
anciently, a small vessel for carrying liquids. "Samuel took the hornof
oil and anointed him [David]." 1 Sam. xvi. 13. (e) The pointed beak of
an anvil. (f) The high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the
projections on a lady's saddle for supporting the leg. (g) (Arch.) The
Ionic volute. (h) (Naut.) The outer end of a crosstree; also, one of
the projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc. (i) (Carp.) A
curved projection on the fore part of a plane. (j) One of the
projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of burnt offering.
"Joab . . . caught hold on the horns of the altar." 1 Kings ii. 28.

6. One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an extremity or cusp of
the moon when crescent- shaped.

    The moon Wears a wan circle round her blunted horns.


Thomson.

7. (Mil.) The curving extremity of the wing of an army or of a squadron
drawn up in a crescentlike form.

    Sharpening in mooned horns Their phalanx.


Milton.

8. The tough, fibrous material of which true horns are composed, being,
in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with some phosphate of lime;
also, any similar substance, as that which forms the hoof crust of
horses, sheep, and cattle; as, a spoon of horn.

9. (Script.) A symbol of strength, power, glory, exaltation, or pride.

    The Lord is . . . the horn of my salvation.


Ps. xviii. 2.

10. An emblem of a cuckold; -- used chiefly in the plural. "Thicker
than a cuckold's horn." Shak.

Horn block, the frame or pedestal in which a railway car axle box
slides up and down; -- also called horn plate. -- Horn of a dilemma.
See under Dilemma. -- Horn distemper, a disease of cattle, affecting
the internal substance of the horn. -- Horn drum, a wheel with long
curved scoops, for raising water. -- Horn lead (Chem.), chloride of
lead. -- Horn maker, a maker of cuckolds. [Obs.] Shak. -- Horn mercury.
(Min.) Same as Horn quicksilver (below). -- Horn poppy (Bot.), a plant
allied to the poppy (Glaucium luteum), found on the sandy shores of
Great Britain and Virginia; -- called also horned poppy. Gray. -- Horn
pox (Med.), abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chicken
pox. -- Horn quicksilver (Min.), native calomel, or bichloride of
mercury. -- Horn shell (Zoˆl.), any long, sharp, spiral, gastropod
shell, of the genus Cerithium, and allied genera. -- Horn silver
(Min.), cerargyrite. -- Horn slate, a gray, siliceous stone. -- To haul
in one's horns, to withdraw some arrogant pretension. [Colloq.] -- To
raise, or lift, the horn (Script.), to exalt one's self; to act
arrogantly. "'Gainst them that raised thee dost thou lift thy horn?"
Milton. -- To take a horn, to take a drink of intoxicating liquor.
[Low]

Horn (?), v. t. 1. To furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn
to.

2. To cause to wear horns; to cuckold. [Obs.] Shak.

Horn"beak` (?), n. A fish. See Hornfish.

Horn"beam` (?), n. [See Beam.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus Carpinus (C.
Americana), having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood
being white and very hard. It is common along the banks of streams in
the United States, and is also called ironwood. The English hornbeam is
C. Betulus. The American is called also blue beech and water beech.

Hop hornbeam. (Bot.) See under Hop.

Horn"bill` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the family BucerotidÊ, of which
about sixty species are known, belonging to numerous genera. They
inhabit the tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and
are remarkable for having a more or less horn-like protuberance, which
is usually large and hollow and is situated on the upper side of the
beak. The size of the hornbill varies from that of a pigeon to that of
a raven, or even larger. They feed chiefly upon fruit, but some species
eat dead animals.

<! p. 706 !>

Horn"blende` (?), n. [G., fr. horn horn + blende blende.] (Min.) The
common black, or dark green or brown, variety of amphibole. (See
Amphibole.) It belongs to the aluminous division of the species, and is
also characterized by its containing considerable iron. Also used as a
general term to include the whole species.

Hornblende schist (Geol.), a hornblende rock of schistose structure.

Horn*blend"ic (?), a. Composed largely of hornblende; resembling or
relating to hornblende.

Horn"blow`er (?), n. [AS. hornblwere.] One who, or that which, blows a
horn.

Horn"book` (?), n. 1. The first book for children, or that from which
in former times they learned their letters and rudiments; -- so called
because a sheet of horn covered the small, thin board of oak, or the
slip of paper, on which the alphabet, digits, and often the Lord's
Prayer, were written or printed; a primer. "He teaches boys the
hornbook." Shak.

2. A book containing the rudiments of any science or branch of
knowledge; a manual; a handbook.

Horn"bug` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A large nocturnal beetle of the genus Lucanus
(as L. capreolus, and L. dama), having long, curved upper jaws,
resembling a sickle. The grubs are found in the trunks of old trees.

Horned (?), a. Furnished with a horn or horns; furnished with a
hornlike process or appendage; as, horned cattle; having some part
shaped like a horn.

    The horned moon with one bright star Within the nether tip.


Coleridge.

Horned bee (Zoˆl.), a British wild bee (Osmia bicornis), having two
little horns on the head. -- Horned dace (Zoˆl.), an American cyprinoid
fish (Semotilus corporialis) common in brooks and ponds; the common
chub. See Illust. of Chub. -- Horned frog (Zoˆl.), a very large
Brazilian frog (Ceratophrys cornuta), having a pair of triangular horns
arising from the eyelids. -- Horned grebe (Zoˆl.), a species of grebe
(Colymbus auritus), of Arctic Europe and America, having two dense
tufts of feathers on the head. -- Horned horse (Zoˆl.), the gnu. --
Horned lark (Zoˆl.), the shore lark. -- Horned lizard (Zoˆl.), the
horned toad. -- Horned owl (Zoˆl.), a large North American owl (Bubo
Virginianus), having a pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head.
Several distinct varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western, dusky,
and striped horned owls, differing in color, and inhabiting different
regions; -- called also great horned owl, horn owl, eagle owl, and cat
owl. Sometimes also applied to the long-eared owl. See Eared owl, under
Eared. -- Horned poppy. (Bot.) See Horn poppy, under Horn. -- Horned
pout (Zoˆl.), an American fresh-water siluroid fish; the bullpout. --
Horned rattler (Zoˆl.), a species of rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes),
inhabiting the dry, sandy plains, from California to Mexico. It has a
pair of triangular horns between the eyes; -- called also sidewinder.
-- Horned ray (Zoˆl.), the sea devil. -- Horned screamer (Zoˆl.), the
kamichi. -- Horned snake (Zoˆl.), the cerastes. -- Horned toad (Zoˆl.),
any lizard of the genus Phrynosoma, of which nine or ten species are
known. These lizards have several hornlike spines on the head, and a
broad, flat body, covered with spiny scales. They inhabit the dry,
sandy plains from California to Mexico and Texas. Called also horned
lizard. -- Horned viper. (Zoˆl.) See Cerastes.

Horn"ed*ness (?), n. The condition of being horned.

Horn"el (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European sand eel. [Scot.]

Horn"er (?), n. 1. One who works or deal in horn or horns. [R.] Grew.

2. One who winds or blows the horn. [Obs.] Sherwood.

3. One who horns or cuckolds. [Obs.] Massinger.

4. (Zoˆl.) The British sand lance or sand eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus).

Hor"net (?), n. [AS. hyrnet; akin to OHG. hornaz, hornuz, G. horniss;
perh. akin to E. horn, and named from the sound it makes as if blowing
the horn; but more prob. akin to D. horzel, Lith. szirszone, L. crabo.]
(Zoˆl.) A large, strong wasp. The European species (Vespa crabro) is of
a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is
very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the
layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white-faced
hornet (V. maculata) is larger and has similar habits.

Hornet fly (Zoˆl.), any dipterous insect of the genus Asilus, and
allied genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and
fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than
themselves, and suck their blood. Called also hawk fly, robber fly. --
To stir up a hornet's nest, to provoke the attack of a swarm of
spiteful enemies or spirited critics. [Colloq.]

Horn"fish` (?), n. [AS. hornfisc.] (Zoˆl.) The garfish or sea needle.

Horn"foot` (?), a. Having hoofs; hoofed.

Horn"i*fy (?), v. t. [Horn + -fy.] To horn; to cuckold. [Obs.] Beau. &
Fl.

Horn"ing, n. Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of
a crescent. J. Gregory.

Letters of horning (Scots Law), the process or authority by which a
person, directed by the decree of a court of justice to pay or perform
anything, is ordered to comply therewith. Mozley & W.

Horn"ish, a. Somewhat like horn; hard.

||Hor*ni"to (?), n. [A dim. fr. Sp. horno oven, L. furnus. See
||Furnace.] (Geol.) A low, oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic
||regions, and emitting smoke and vapors from its sides and summit.
||Humboldt.

Horn"less (?), a. Having no horn.

Horn"-mad` (?), a. Quite mad; -- raving crazy.

    Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are horn-mad after?


Gray.

Hor"no*tine (?), n. [L. hornotinus of this year.] (Zoˆl.) A yearling; a
bird of the year.

Horn"owl` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Horned Owl.

Horn"pike` (?), n. The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Horn"pipe` (?), n. (Mus.) (a) An instrument of music formerly popular
in Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It was
so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made of horn.
(b) A lively tune played on a hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted for
such playing.

    Many a hornpipe he tuned to his Phyllis.


Sir W. Raleigh.

(c) A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a tune, and
popular among sailors.

Horn"pout` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Horned pout, under Horned.

Horn"snake` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A harmless snake (Farancia abacura), found
in the Southern United States. The color is bluish black above, red
below.

Horn"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz,
closely resembling flint, but more brittle; -- called also chert.

Horn"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of family (UroceridÊ) of large
hymenopterous insects, allied to the sawflies. The larvÊ bore in the
wood of trees. So called from the long, stout ovipositors of the
females.

Horn"work` (?), n. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two demibastions
joined by a curtain. It is connected with the works in rear by long
wings.

Horn"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum), with finely
divided leaves.

Horn"wrack` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A bryozoan of the genus Flustra.

Horn"y (?), a. [Compar. Hornier (?); superl. Horniest.] 1. Having horns
or hornlike projections. Gay.

2. Composed or made of horn, or of a substance resembling horn; of the
nature of horn. "The horny . . . coat of the eye." Ray.

3. Hard; callous. "His horny fist." Dryden.

Horn"y-hand`ed (?), a. Having the hands horny and callous from labor.

Horn"y*head` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any North American river chub of the genus
Hybopsis, esp. H. biguttatus.

Ho*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; hour + -graphy: cf. F. horographie.] 1.
An account of the hours. Chaucer.

2. The art of constructing instruments for making the hours, as clocks,
watches, and dials.

Hor"o*loge (?), n. [OE. horologe, orloge, timepiece, OF. horloge,
orloge, oriloge, F. horloge, L. horologium, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; hour + &?;
to say, tell. See Hour, and Logic.] 1. A servant who called out the
hours. [Obs.]

2. An instrument indicating the time of day; a timepiece of any kind; a
watch, clock, or dial. Shak.

Ho*rol"o*ger (?), n. A maker or vender of clocks and watches; one
skilled in horology.

Hor`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [L. horologicus, Gr. &?;.] Relating to a
horologe, or to horology.

Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [See Horologiography.] A maker of
clocks, watches, or dials.

Hor`o*lo`gi*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to horologiography.
Chambers.

Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; horologe + -graphy.] 1. An
account of instruments that show the hour.

2. The art of constructing clocks or dials; horography.

Ho*rol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in horology.

Ho*rol"o*gy (?), n. [See Horologe.] The science of measuring time, or
the principles and art of constructing instruments for measuring and
indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, dials, etc.

Ho*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; hour + -meter.] An instrument for
measuring time.

Hor`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Belonging to horometry.

Ho*rom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. horomÈtrie. See Horometer.] The art,
practice, or method of measuring time by hours and subordinate
divisions. "The horometry of antiquity." Sir T. Browne.

Ho*rop"ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; boundary + &?; one who looks.] (Opt.) The
line or surface in which are situated all the points which are seen
single while the point of sight, or the adjustment of the eyes, remains
unchanged.

    The sum of all the points which are seen single, while the point of
    sight remains unchanged, is called the horopter.


J. Le Conte.

Hor`op*ter"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the horopter.

Hor"o*scope (?), n. [F. horoscope, L. horoscopus, fr. Gr. &?;, adj.,
observing hours or times, esp. observing the hour of birth, n., a
horoscope; &?; hour + &?; to view, observe. See Hour, and -scope.] 1.
(Astrol.) (a) The representation made of the aspect of the heavens at
the moment of a person's birth, by which the astrologer professed to
foretell the events of the person's life; especially, the sign of the
zodiac rising above the horizon at such a moment. (b) The diagram or
scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the whole
circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such prediction
of fortune.

2. The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus.

3. A table showing the length of the days and nights at all places.
Heyse.

{ Hor"o*sco`per (?), Ho*ros"co*pist (?), } n. One versed in horoscopy;
an astrologer.

Ho*ros"co*py (?), n. 1. The art or practice of casting horoscopes, or
observing the disposition of the stars, with a view to prediction
events.

2. Aspect of the stars at the time of a person's birth.

Hor*ren"dous (?), a. [L. horrendus.] Fearful; frightful. [Obs.] I.
Watts.

Hor"rent (?), a. [L. horrens, p. pr. of horrere to bristle. See
Horror.] Standing erect, as bristles; covered with bristling points;
bristled; bristling.

    Rough and horrent with figures in strong relief.


De Quincey.

    With bright emblazonry and horrent arms.


Milton.

Hor"ri*ble (?), a. [OE. horrible, orrible, OF. horrible, orrible, F.
horrible, fr. L. horribilis, fr. horrere. See Horror.] Exciting, or
tending to excite, horror or fear; dreadful; terrible; shocking;
hideous; as, a horrible sight; a horrible story; a horrible murder.

    A dungeon horrible on all sides round.


Milton.

Syn. -- Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful; terrific;
shocking; hideous; horrid.

Hor"ri*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being horrible;
dreadfulness; hideousness.

    The horribleness of the mischief.


Sir P. Sidney.

Hor"ri*bly, adv. In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly.

Hor"rid (?), a. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.] 1. Rough;
rugged; bristling. [Archaic]

    Horrid with fern, and intricate with thorn.


Dryden.

2. Fitted to excite horror; dreadful; hideous; shocking; hence, very
offensive.

    Not in the legions Of horrid hell.


Shak.

    The horrid things they say.


Pope.

Syn. -- Frightful; hideous; alarming; shocking; dreadful; awful;
terrific; horrible; abominable.

Hor"rid*ly, adv. In a horrid manner. Shak.

Hor"rid*ness, n. The quality of being horrid.

Hor*rif"ic (?), a. [L. horrifieus; horrere to be horrible + -ficare (in
comp.) to make: cf. F. horrifique. See Horror, - fy.] Causing horror;
frightful.

    Let . . . nothing ghastly or horrific be supposed.


I. Taylor.

Hor`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. That which causes horror. [R.] Miss
Edgeworth.

Hor"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Horrifying (?).] [L. horrificare. See Horrific.] To cause to feel
horror; to strike or impress with horror; as, the sight horrified the
beholders. E. Irving.

Hor*rip`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. horripilatio, fr. horripilare to bristle;
horrere to bristle + pilus the hair: cf. F. horripilation.] (Med.) A
real or fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting
from disease, terror, chilliness, etc.

Hor*ris"o*nant (?), a. Horrisonous. [Obs.]

Hor*ris"o*nous (?), a. [L. horrisonus; horrere to be horrible + sonus a
sound.] Sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound. [Obs.] Bailey.

Hor"ror (?), n. [Formerly written horrour.] [L. horror, fr. horrere to
bristle, to shiver, to tremble with cold or dread, to be dreadful or
terrible; cf. Skr. h&?;sh to bristle.] 1. A bristling up; a rising into
roughness; tumultuous movement. [Archaic]

    Such fresh horror as you see driven through the wrinkled waves.


Chapman.

2. A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the cold fit which
precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill of less severity
than a rigor, and more marked than an algor.

3. A painful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence; a shuddering with
terror and detestation; the feeling inspired by something frightful and
shocking.

    How could this, in the sight of heaven, without horrors of
    conscience be uttered?


Milton.

4. That which excites horror or dread, or is horrible; gloom;
dreariness.

    Breathes a browner horror on the woods.


Pope.

The horrors, delirium tremens. [Colloq.]

<! p. 707 !>

Hor"ror-stick`en (?), a. Struck with horror; horrified.

    Blank and horror-stricken faces.


C. Kingsley.

Hor"ror-struck` (?), a. Horror- stricken; horrified. M. Arnold.

||Hors` de com`bat" (?). [F.] Out of the combat; disabled from
||fighting.

Horse (hÙrs), n. [AS. hors; akin to OS. hros, D. & OHG. ros, G. ross,
Icel. hross; and perh. to L. currere to run, E. course, current Cf.
Walrus.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A hoofed quadruped of the genus Equus; especially,
the domestic horse (E. caballus), which was domesticated in Egypt and
Asia at a very early period. It has six broad molars, on each side of
each jaw, with six incisors, and two canine teeth, both above and
below. The mares usually have the canine teeth rudimentary or wanting.
The horse differs from the true asses, in having a long, flowing mane,
and the tail bushy to the base. Unlike the asses it has callosities, or
chestnuts, on all its legs. The horse excels in strength, speed,
docility, courage, and nobleness of character, and is used for drawing,
carrying, bearing a rider, and like purposes.

Many varieties, differing in form, size, color, gait, speed, etc., are
known, but all are believed to have been derived from the same original
species. It is supposed to have been a native of the plains of Central
Asia, but the wild species from which it was derived is not certainly
known. The feral horses of America are domestic horses that have run
wild; and it is probably true that most of those of Asia have a similar
origin. Some of the true wild Asiatic horses do, however, approach the
domestic horse in several characteristics. Several species of fossil
(Equus) are known from the later Tertiary formations of Europe and
America. The fossil species of other genera of the family EquidÊ are
also often called horses, in general sense.

2. The male of the genus horse, in distinction from the female or male;
usually, a castrated male.

3. Mounted soldiery; cavalry; -- used without the plural termination;
as, a regiment of horse; -- distinguished from foot.

    The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty-five thousand horse
    and foot.


Bacon.

4. A frame with legs, used to support something; as, a clotheshorse, a
sawhorse, etc.

5. A frame of timber, shaped like a horse, on which soldiers were made
to ride for punishment.

6. Anything, actual or figurative, on which one rides as on a horse; a
hobby.

7. (Mining) A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as
the wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore;
hence, to take horse -- said of a vein -- is to divide into branches
for a distance.

8. (Naut.) (a) See Footrope, a. (b) A breastband for a leadsman. (c) An
iron bar for a sheet traveler to slide upon. (d) A jackstay. W. C.
Russell. Totten.

Horse is much used adjectively and in composition to signify of, or
having to do with, a horse or horses, like a horse, etc.; as, horse
collar, horse dealer or horse&?;dealer, horsehoe, horse jockey; and
hence, often in the sense of strong, loud, coarse, etc.; as,
horselaugh, horse nettle or horse-nettle, horseplay, horse ant, etc.

Black horse, Blood horse, etc. See under Black, etc. -- Horse aloes,
caballine aloes. -- Horse ant (Zoˆl.), a large ant (Formica rufa); --
called also horse emmet. -- Horse artillery, that portion of the
artillery in which the cannoneers are mounted, and which usually serves
with the cavalry; flying artillery. -- Horse balm (Bot.), a
strong-scented labiate plant (Collinsonia Canadensis), having large
leaves and yellowish flowers. -- Horse bean (Bot.), a variety of the
English or Windsor bean (Faba vulgaris), grown for feeding horses. --
Horse boat, a boat for conveying horses and cattle, or a boat propelled
by horses. -- Horse bot. (Zoˆl.) See Botfly, and Bots. -- Horse box, a
railroad car for transporting valuable horses, as hunters. [Eng.] --
Horse breaker or trainer, one employed in subduing or training horses
for use. -- Horse car. (a) A railroad car drawn by horses. See under
Car. (b) A car fitted for transporting horses. -- Horse cassia (Bot.),
a leguminous plant (Cassia Javanica), bearing long pods, which contain
a black, catharic pulp, much used in the East Indies as a horse
medicine. -- Horse cloth, a cloth to cover a horse. -- Horse conch
(Zoˆl.), a large, spiral, marine shell of the genus Triton. See Triton.
-- Horse courser. (a) One that runs horses, or keeps horses for racing.
Johnson. (b) A dealer in horses. [Obs.] Wiseman. -- Horse crab (Zoˆl.),
the Limulus; -- called also horsefoot, horsehoe crab, and king crab. --
Horse crevallÈ (Zoˆl.), the cavally. -- Horse emmet (Zoˆl.), the horse
ant. -- Horse finch (Zoˆl.), the chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse
gentian (Bot.), fever root. -- Horse iron (Naut.), a large calking
iron. -- Horse latitudes, a space in the North Atlantic famous for
calms and baffling winds, being between the westerly winds of higher
latitudes and the trade winds. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Horse mackrel.
(Zoˆl.) (a) The common tunny (Orcynus thunnus), found on the Atlantic
coast of Europe and America, and in the Mediterranean. (b) The bluefish
(Pomatomus saltatrix). (c) The scad. (d) The name is locally applied to
various other fishes, as the California hake, the black candlefish, the
jurel, the bluefish, etc. -- Horse marine (Naut.), an awkward, lubbery
person; one of a mythical body of marine cavalry. [Slang] -- Horse
mussel (Zoˆl.), a large, marine mussel (Modiola modiolus), found on the
northern shores of Europe and America. -- Horse nettle (Bot.), a
coarse, prickly, American herb, the Solanum Carolinense. -- Horse
parsley. (Bot.) See Alexanders. -- Horse purslain (Bot.), a coarse
fleshy weed of tropical America (Trianthema monogymnum). -- Horse race,
a race by horses; a match of horses in running or trotting. -- Horse
racing, the practice of racing with horses. -- Horse railroad, a
railroad on which the cars are drawn by horses; -- in England, and
sometimes in the United States, called a tramway. -- Horse run (Civil
Engin.), a device for drawing loaded wheelbarrows up an inclined plane
by horse power. -- Horse sense, strong common sense. [Colloq. U.S.] --
Horse soldier, a cavalryman. -- Horse sponge (Zoˆl.), a large, coarse,
commercial sponge (Spongia equina). -- Horse stinger (Zoˆl.), a large
dragon fly. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse sugar (Bot.), a shrub of the southern
part of the United States (Symplocos tinctoria), whose leaves are
sweet, and good for fodder. -- Horse tick (Zoˆl.), a winged, dipterous
insect (Hippobosca equina), which troubles horses by biting them, and
sucking their blood; -- called also horsefly, horse louse, and forest
fly. -- Horse vetch (Bot.), a plant of the genus Hippocrepis (H.
comosa), cultivated for the beauty of its flowers; -- called also
horsehoe vetch, from the peculiar shape of its pods. -- Iron horse, a
locomotive. [Colloq.] -- Salt horse, the sailor's name for salt beef.
-- To look a gift horse in the mouth, to examine the mouth of a horse
which has been received as a gift, in order to ascertain his age; --
hence, to accept favors in a critical and thankless spirit. Lowell. --
To take horse. (a) To set out on horseback. Macaulay. (b) To be
covered, as a mare. (c) See definition 7 (above).

Horse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Horsing.]
[AS. horsion.] 1. To provide with a horse, or with horses; to mount on,
or as on, a horse. "Being better horsed, outrode me." Shak.

2. To sit astride of; to bestride. Shak.

3. To cover, as a mare; -- said of the male.

4. To take or carry on the back; as, the keeper, horsing a deer. S.
Butler.

5. To place on the back of another, or on a wooden horse, etc., to be
flogged; to subject to such punishment.

Horse, v. i. To get on horseback. [Obs.] Shelton.

Horse"back` (?), n. 1. The back of a horse.

2. An extended ridge of sand, gravel, and bowlders, in a
half-stratified condition. Agassiz.

On horseback, on the back of a horse; mounted or riding on a horse or
horses; in the saddle.

    The long journey was to be performed on horseback.


Prescott.

Horse`-chest"nut (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The large nutlike seed of a species
of ∆sculus (∆. Hippocastanum), formerly ground, and fed to horses,
whence the name. (b) The tree itself, which was brought from
Constantinople in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and is now
common in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. The native American
species are called buckeyes.

Horse"-drench` (?), n. 1. A dose of physic for a horse. Shak.

2. The appliance by which the dose is administered.

Horse"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The moonfish (Selene setipinnis). (b)
The sauger.

Horse"flesh` (?), n. 1. The flesh of horses.

    The Chinese eat horseflesh at this day.


Bacon.

2. Horses, generally; the qualities of a horse; as, he is a judge of
horseflesh. [Colloq.]

Horseflesh ore (Min.), a miner's name for bornite, in allusion to its
peculiar reddish color on fresh facture.

Horse"fly` (?), n.; pl. Horseflies (&?;). 1. (Zoˆl.) Any dipterous fly
of the family TabanidÊ, that stings horses, and sucks their blood.

Of these flies there are numerous species, both in Europe and America.
They have a large proboscis with four sharp lancets for piercing the
skin. Called also breeze fly. See Illust. under Diptera, and Breeze
fly.

2. (Zoˆl.) The horse tick or forest fly (Hippobosca).

Horse"foot` (?), n.; pl. Horsefeet (#). 1. (Bot.) The coltsfoot.

2. (Zoˆl.) The Limulus or horseshoe crab.

Horse" Guards` (?). (Mil.) A body of cavalry so called; esp., a British
regiment, called the Royal Horse Guards, which furnishes guards of
state for the sovereign.

The Horse Guards, a name given to the former headquarters of the
commander in chief of the British army, at Whitehall in London.

Horse"hair` (?), n. A hair of a horse, especially one from the mane or
tail; the hairs of the mane or tail taken collectively; a fabric or
tuft made of such hairs.

Horsehair worm (Zoˆl.), the hair worm or gordius.

Horse"head` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The silver moonfish (Selene vomer).

Horse"hide` (?), n. 1. The hide of a horse.

2. Leather made of the hide of a horse.

Horse"-jock`ey (?), n. 1. A professional rider and trainer of race
horses.

2. A trainer and dealer in horses.

Horse"knop` (?), n. (Bot.) Knapweed.

Horse"laugh` (?), n. A loud, boisterous laugh; a guffaw. Pope.

Horse"-leech` (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A large blood-sucking leech (HÊmopsis
vorax), of Europe and Northern Africa. It attacks the lips and mouths
of horses.

2. A farrier; a veterinary surgeon.

Horse"-leech`er*y (?), n. The business of a farrier; especially, the
art of curing the diseases of horses.

Horse"-lit`ter (?), n. A carriage hung on poles, and borne by and
between two horses. Milton.

Horse"man (?), n.; pl. Horsemen (&?;). 1. A rider on horseback; one
skilled in the management of horses; a mounted man.

2. (Mil.) A mounted soldier; a cavalryman.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A land crab of the genus Ocypoda, living on the coast of
Brazil and the West Indies, noted for running very swiftly. (b) A West
Indian fish of the genus Eques, as the light-horseman (E. lanceolatus).

Horse"man*ship, n. The act or art of riding, and of training and
managing horses; manege.

Horse"mint` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A coarse American plant of the Mint
family (Monarda punctata). (b) In England, the wild mint (Mentha
sylvestris).

Horse"nail` (?), n. A thin, pointed nail, with a heavy flaring head,
for securing a horsehoe to the hoof; a horsehoe nail.

Horse"play` (?), n. Rude, boisterous play.

    Too much given to horseplay in his raillery.


Dryden.

Horse"pond` (?), n. A pond for watering horses.

Horse" pow`er (?). 1. The power which a horse exerts.

2. (Mach.) A unit of power, used in stating the power required to drive
machinery, and in estimating the capabilities of animals or steam
engines and other prime movers for doing work. It is the power required
for the performance of work at the rate of 33,000 English units of work
per minute; hence, it is the power that must be exerted in lifting
33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot per minute, or 550 pounds at the
rate of one foot per second, or 55 pounds at the rate of ten feet per
second, etc.

The power of a draught horse, of average strength, working eight hours
per day, is about four fifths of a standard horse power.

Brake horse power, the net effective power of a prime mover, as a steam
engine, water wheel, etc., in horse powers, as shown by a friction
brake. See Friction brake, under Friction. -- Indicated horse power,
the power exerted in the cylinder of an engine, stated in horse powers,
estimated from the diameter and speed of the piston, and the mean
effective pressure upon it as shown by an indicator. See Indicator. --
Nominal horse power (Steam Engine), a term still sometimes used in
England to express certain proportions of cylinder, but having no value
as a standard of measurement.

3. A machine worked by a horse, for driving other machinery; a horse
motor.

Horse"-rad`ish (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Nasturtium (N.
Armoracia), allied to scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste,
much used, when grated, as a condiment and in medicine. Gray.

Horse-radish tree. (Bot.) See Moringa.

Horse"rake` (?), n. A rake drawn by a horse.

Horse"shoe` (?), n. 1. A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate
of iron in form somewhat like the letter U, nailed to a horse's hoof.

2. Anything shaped like a horsehoe.

3. (Zoˆl.) The Limulus or horsehoe crab.

Horsehoe head (Med.), an old name for the condition of the skull in
children, in which the sutures are too open, the coronal suture
presenting the form of a horsehoe. Dunglison. -- Horsehoe magnet, an
artificial magnet in the form of a horsehoe. -- Horsehoe nail. See
Horsenail. -- Horsehoe nose (Zoˆl.), a bat of the genus Rhinolophus,
having a nasal fold of skin shaped like a horsehoe.

Horse"shoe`ing (?), n. The act or employment of shoeing horses.

Horse"sho`er (?), n. One who shoes horses.

Horse"tail` (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A leafless plant, with hollow and
rushlike stems. It is of the genus Equisetum, and is allied to the
ferns. See Illust. of Equisetum.

2. A Turkish standard, denoting rank.

Commanders are distinguished by the number of horsetails carried before
them. Thus, the sultan has seven, the grand vizier five, and the pashas
three, two, or one.

Shrubby horsetail. (Bot.) See Joint-fir.

Horse"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A composite plant (Erigeron Canadensis),
which is a common weed.

Horse"whip` (?), n. A whip for horses.

Horse"whip`, v. t. To flog or chastise with a horsewhip.

Horse"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Horsewomen (&?;). A woman who rides on
horseback.

Horse"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian tree (Calliandra latifolia)
with showy, crimson blossoms.

Horse"worm` (?), n. The larva of a botfly.

Hors"i*ness (?), n. 1. The condition or quality of being a horse; that
which pertains to a horse. Tennyson.

2. Fondness for, or interest in, horses.

Hors"ly (?), a. Horselike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hors"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or suggestive of, a horse, or of horse
racing; as, horsy manners; garments of fantastically horsy fashions.
[Colloq.]

Hor*ta"tion (?), n. [L. hortatio, fr. hortari to incite, exhort, fr.
hori to urge.] The act of exhorting, inciting, or giving advice;
exhortation. [R.]

Hor"ta*tive (?), a. [L. hortativus.] Giving exhortation; advisory;
exhortative. Bullokar.

<! p. 708 !>

Hor"ta*tive (?), n. An exhortation. [Obs.]

Hor"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. hortatorius.] Giving exhortation or advise;
encouraging; exhortatory; inciting; as, a hortatory speech. Holland.

Hor*ten"sial (?), a. [L. hortensius, hortensis, fr. hortus garden; akin
to E. yard an inclosure.] Fit for a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Hor"ti*cul`tor (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hortus garden + cultor a
cultivator, colere to cultivate.] One who cultivates a garden.

Hor`ti*cul"tur*al (?), a. [Cf. F. horticultural.] Of or pertaining to
horticulture, or the culture of gardens or orchards.

Hor"ti*cul`ture (?), n. [L. hortus garden + cultura culture: cf. F.
horticulture. See Yard an inclosure, and Culture.] The cultivation of a
garden or orchard; the art of cultivating gardens or orchards.

Hor`ti*cul"tur*ist (?), n. One who practices horticulture.

Hor"tu*lan (?), a. [L. hortulanus; hortus garden.] Belonging to a
garden. [Obs.] Evelyn.

||Hor"tus sic"cus (?). [L., a dry garden.] A collection of specimens of
||plants, dried and preserved, and arranged systematically; an
||herbarium.

Hort"yard (?), n. An orchard. [Obs.]

Ho*san"na (h*zn"n), n.; pl. Hosannas (- nz). [Gr. &?;, fr. Heb. hsh'h
nnsave now, save, we pray, hsha' to save (Hiphil, a causative form, of
ysha') + n, a particle.] A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or
an invocation of blessings. "Hosanna to the Highest." Milton.

    Hosanna to the Son of David.


Matt. xxi. 9.

Hose (hz), n.; pl. Hose, formerly Hosen (h"z'n). [AS. hose; akin to D.
hoos, G. hose breeches, OHG. hosa, Icel. hosa stocking, gather, Dan.
hose stocking; cf. Russ. koshulia a fur jacket.] 1. Close-fitting
trousers or breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to the knee.

    These men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats,
    and their other garments.


Dan. iii. 21.

    His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk
    shank.


Shak.

2. Covering for the feet and lower part of the legs; a stocking or
stockings.

3. A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber, or other material,
and used for conveying fluids, especially water, from a faucet,
hydrant, or fire engine.

Hose carriage, cart, or truck, a wheeled vehicle fitted for conveying
hose for extinguishing fires. -- Hose company, a company of men
appointed to bring and manage hose in the extinguishing of fires.
[U.S.] -- Hose coupling, coupling with interlocking parts for uniting
hose, end to end. -- Hose wrench, a spanner for turning hose couplings,
to unite or disconnect them.

Ho"sen (?), n. pl. See Hose. [Archaic]

Ho"sier (?), n. One who deals in hose or stocking, or in goods knit or
woven like hose.

Ho"sier*y (?), n. 1. The business of a hosier.

2. Stockings, in general; goods knit or woven like hose.

Hos"pice (?), n. [F., fr. L. hospitium hospitality, a place where
strangers are entertained, fr. hospes stranger, guest. See Host a
landlord.] A convent or monastery which is also a place of refuge or
entertainment for travelers on some difficult road or pass, as in the
Alps; as, the Hospice of the Great St. Bernard.

Hos"pi*ta*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. hospitable, LL. hospitare to receive as
a guest. See Host a landlord.] 1. Receiving and entertaining strangers
or guests with kindness and without reward; kind to strangers and
guests; characterized by hospitality. Shak.

2. Proceeding from or indicating kindness and generosity to guests and
strangers; as, hospitable rites.

    To where you taper cheers the vale With hospitable ray.


Goldsmith.

Hos"pi*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being hospitable; hospitality.
Barrow.

Hos"pi*ta*bly, adv. In a hospitable manner.

Hos"pi*tage (?), n. [LL. hospitagium, for L. hospitium. See Hospice.]
Hospitality. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hos"pi*tal (?), n. [OF. hospital, ospital, F. hÙpital, LL. hospitale
(or perh. E. hospital is directly from the Late Latin), from L.
hospitalis relating to a guest, hospitalia apartments for guests, fr.
hospes guest. See Host a landlord, and cf. Hostel, Hotel, Spital.] 1. A
place for shelter or entertainment; an inn. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A building in which the sick, injured, or infirm are received and
treated; a public or private institution founded for reception and
cure, or for the refuge, of persons diseased in body or mind, or
disabled, infirm, or dependent, and in which they are treated either at
their own expense, or more often by charity in whole or in part; a
tent, building, or other place where the sick or wounded of an army
cared for.

Hospital ship, a vessel fitted up for a floating hospital. -- Hospital
Sunday, a Sunday set apart for simultaneous contribution in churches to
hospitals; as, the London Hospital Sunday.

Hos"pi*tal, a. [L. hospitalis: cf. OF. hospital.] Hospitable. [Obs.]
Howell.

Hos"pi*tal*er (?), n. [Written also hospitaller.] [F. hospitalier. See
Hospital, and cf. Hostler.] 1. One residing in a hospital, for the
purpose of receiving the poor, the sick, and strangers.

2. One of an order of knights who built a hospital at Jerusalem for
pilgrims, A. D. 1042. They were called Knights of St. John of
Jerusalem, and after the removal of the order to Malta, Knights of
Malta.

Hos"pi*tal*ism (?), n. (Med.) A vitiated condition of the body, due to
long confinement in a hospital, or the morbid condition of the
atmosphere of a hospital.

Hos`pi*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Hospitalities (#). [L. hospitalitas: cf.
F. hospitalitÈ.] The act or practice of one who is hospitable;
reception and entertainment of strangers or guests without reward, or
with kind and generous liberality.

    Given to hospitality.


Rom. xii. 13.

    And little recks to find the way to heaven By doing deeds of
    hospitality.


Shak.

Hos"pi*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Med.) To render (a building) unfit for
habitation, by long continued use as a hospital.

Hos"pi*tate (?), v. i. [L. hospitatus, p. p. of hospitari to be a
guest, fr. hospes guest.] To receive hospitality; to be a guest. [Obs.]
Grew.

Hos"pi*tate, v. t. To receive with hospitality; to lodge as a guest.
[Obs.] Cockeram.

||Hos*pi"ti*um (?), n. [L. See Hospice.] 1. An inn; a lodging; a
||hospice. [Obs.]

2. (Law) An inn of court.

||Hos"po*dar` (?), n. [A Slav. word; cf. Russ. gospodare lord, master.]
||A title borne by the princes or governors of Moldavia and Wallachia
||before those countries were united as Roumania.

Host (hst), n. [LL. hostia sacrifice, victim, from hostire to strike.]
(R. C. Ch.) The consecrated wafer, believed to be the body of Christ,
which in the Mass is offered as a sacrifice; also, the bread before
consecration.

In the Latin Vulgate the word was applied to the Savior as being an
offering for the sins of men.

Host, n. [OE. host, ost, OF. host, ost, fr. L. hostis enemy, LL., army.
See Guest, and cf. Host a landlord.] 1. An army; a number of men
gathered for war.

    A host so great as covered all the field.


Dryden.

2. Any great number or multitude; a throng.

    And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly
    host praising God.


Luke ii. 13.

    All at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils.


Wordsworth.

Host, n. [OE. host, ost, OF. hoste, oste, F. hÙte, from L. hospes a
stranger who is treated as a guest, he who treats another as his guest,
a hostl prob. fr. hostis stranger, enemy (akin to E. guest a visitor) +
potis able; akin to Skr. pati master, lord. See Host an army, Possible,
and cf. Hospitable, Hotel.] One who receives or entertains another,
whether gratuitously or for compensation; one from whom another
receives food, lodging, or entertainment; a landlord. Chaucer. "Fair
host and Earl." Tennyson.

    Time is like a fashionable host, That slightly shakes his parting
    guest by the hand.


Shak.

Host, v. t. To give entertainment to. [Obs.] Spenser.

Host, v. i. To lodge at an inn; to take up entertainment. [Obs.] "Where
you shall host." Shak.

Hos"tage (?), n. [OE. hostage, OF. hostage, ostage, F. Ùtage, LL.
hostaticus, ostaticum, for hospitaticum, fr. L. hospes guest, host. The
first meaning is, the state of a guest, hospitality; hence, the state
of a hostage (treated as a guest); and both these meanings occur in Old
French. See Host a landlord.] A person given as a pledge or security
for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of
any kind, on the performance of which the person is to be released.

    Your hostages I have, so have you mine; And we shall talk before we
    fight.


Shak.

    He that hath a wife and children hath given hostages to fortune.


Bacon.

Hos"tel (?), n. [OE. hostel, ostel, OF. hostel, ostel, LL. hospitale,
hospitalis, fr. L. hospitalis. See Hospital, and cf. Hotel.] 1. An inn.
[Archaic] Poe.

    So pass I hostel, hall, and grange.


Tennyson.

2. A small, unendowed college in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Hos"tel*er (?), n. [See Hostel, and cf. Hostler.] 1. The keeper of a
hostel or inn.

2. A student in a hostel, or small unendowed collede in Oxford or
Cambridge. [Obs.] Fuller.

Hos"tel*ry (?), n. [OE. hostelrie, hostelrye, ostelrie, OF. hostelerie,
fr. hostel. See Hostel.] An inn; a lodging house. [Archaic] Chaucer.
"Homely brought up in a rude hostelry." B. Jonson.

    Come with me to the hostelry.


Longfellow.

Host"ess (?), n. [OE. hostesse, ostesse. See Host a landlord.] 1. A
female host; a woman who hospitably entertains guests at her house.
Shak.

2. A woman who entertains guests for compensation; a female innkeeper.
Shak.

Host"ess-ship, n. The character, personality, or office of a hostess.
Shak.

Hos"tie (?), n. [F. See 1st Host.] The consecrated wafer; the host.
[Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Hos"tile (?), a. [L. hostilis, from hostis enemy: cf. F. hostile. See
Host an army.] Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the
disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a desire
to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies; inimical;
unfriendly; as, a hostile force; hostile intentions; a hostile country;
hostile to a sudden change.

Syn. -- Warlike; inimical; unfriendly; antagonistic; opposed; adverse;
opposite; contrary; repugnant.

Hos"tile, n. An enemy; esp., an American Indian in arms against the
whites; -- commonly in the plural. [Colloq.] P. H. Sheridan.

Hos"tile*ly, adv. In a hostile manner.

Hos*til"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Hostilities (#). [L. hostilitas: cf. F.
hostilitÈ.] 1. State of being hostile; public or private enemy;
unfriendliness; animosity.

    Hostility being thus suspended with France.


Hayward.

2. An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed; especially in the plural,
acts of warfare; attacks of an enemy.

    We have showed ourselves generous adversaries . . . and have
    carried on even our hostilities with humanity.


Atterbury.

    He who proceeds to wanton hostility, often provokes an enemy where
    he might have a friend.


Crabb.

Syn. -- Animosity; enmity; opposition; violence; aggression;
contention; warfare.

Hos"til*ize (?), v. t. To make hostile; to cause to become an enemy.
[Obs.] A. Seward.

Host"ing (?), n. [From Host an army.] [Obs.] 1. An encounter; a battle.
"Fierce hosting." Milton.

2. A muster or review. Spenser.

Hos"tler (?), n. [OE. hosteler, osteler, innkeeper, OF. hostelier, F.
hÙtelier. See Hostel, and cf. Hospitaler, Hosteler.] 1. An innkeeper.
[Obs.] See Hosteler.

2. The person who has the care of horses at an inn or stable; hence,
any one who takes care of horses; a groom; - - so called because the
innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in person.

3. (Railroad) The person who takes charge of a locomotive when it is
left by the engineer after a trip.

Host"less (?), a. Inhospitable. [Obs.] "A hostless house." Spenser.

Host"ry (?), n. [OE. hosterie, osterie, OF. hosterie. See Host a
landlord.] 1. A hostelry; an inn or lodging house. [Obs.] Marlowe.

2. A stable for horses. [Obs.] Johnson.

Hot (?), imp. & p. p. of Hote. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hot (?), a. [Compar. Hotter (?); superl. Hottest (?).] [OE. hot, hat,
AS. ht; akin to OS. ht, D. heet, OHG. heiz, G. heiss, Icel. heitr, Sw.
het, Dan. heed, hed; cf. Goth. heit fever, hais torch. Cf. Heat.] 1.
Having much sensible heat; exciting the feeling of warmth in a great
degree; very warm; -- opposed to cold, and exceeding warm in degree;
as, a hot stove; hot water or air. "A hotvenison pasty." Shak.

2. Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation; easily excited; firely;
vehement; passionate; violent; eager.

    Achilles is impatient, hot, and revengeful.


Dryden.

    There was mouthing in hot haste.


Byron.

3. Lustful; lewd; lecherous. Shak.

4. Acrid; biting; pungent; as, hot as mustard.

Hot bed (Iron Manuf.), an iron platform in a rolling mill, on which hot
bars, rails, etc., are laid to cool. -- Hot wall (Gardening), a wall
provided with flues for the conducting of heat, to hasten the growth of
fruit trees or the ripening of fruit. -- Hot well (Condensing Engines),
a receptacle for the hot water drawn from the condenser by the air
pump. This water is returned to the boiler, being drawn from the hot
well by the feed pump. -- In hot water (Fig.), in trouble; in
difficulties. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated; brisk;
vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent; impetuous;
irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable.

Hot"bed` (?), n. 1. (Gardening) A bed of earth heated by fermenting
manure or other substances, and covered with glass, intended for
raising early plants, or for nourishing exotics.

2. A place which favors rapid growth or development; as, a hotbed of
sedition.

Hot" blast` (?). See under Blast.

Hot"-blood`ed (?), a. Having hot blood; excitable; high-spirited;
irritable; ardent; passionate.

Hot"-brained` (?), a. Ardent in temper; violent; rash; impetuous; as,
hot-brained youth. Dryden.

{ Hotch"pot` (?), Hotch"potch` (?), } n. [F. hochepot, fr. hocher to
shake + pot pot; both of Dutch or German origin; cf. OD. hutspot
hotchpotch, D. hotsen, hutsen, to shake. See Hustle, and Pot, and cf.
Hodgepodge.] 1. A mingled mass; a confused mixture; a stew of various
ingredients; a hodgepodge.

    A mixture or hotchpotch of many tastes.


Bacon.

2. (Law) A blending of property for equality of division, as when lands
given in frank-marriage to one daughter were, after the death of the
ancestor, blended with the lands descending to her and to her sisters
from the same ancestor, and then divided in equal portions among all
the daughters. In modern usage, a mixing together, or throwing into a
common mass or stock, of the estate left by a person deceased and the
amounts advanced to any particular child or children, for the purpose
of a more equal division, or of equalizing the shares of all the
children; the property advanced being accounted for at its value when
given. Bouvier. Tomlins.

This term has been applied in cases of salvage. Story. It corresponds
in a measure with collation in the civil and Scotch law. See Collation.
Bouvier. Tomlins.

Hot"coc`kles (?), n. [Hot + cockle, cockle being perh. corrupt. fr.
knuckle. Cf. F. main chaude (lit., hot hand) hotcockles.] A childish
play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who strikes him or his
hand placed behind him.

Hote (?), v. t. & i. [pres. & imp. Hatte (?), Hot (&?;), etc.; p. p.
Hote, Hoten (&?;), Hot, etc. See Hight, Hete.] 1. To command; to
enjoin. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. To promise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To be called; to be named. [Obs.]

    There as I was wont to hote Arcite, Now hight I Philostrate, not
    worth a mite.


Chaucer.

Ho*tel" (?), n. [F. hÙtel, OF. hostel. See Hostel.] 1. A house for
entertaining strangers or travelers; an inn or public house, of the
better class.

2. In France, the mansion or town residence of a person of rank or
wealth.

||HÙtel`-de-ville" (?), n. [F.] A city hall or townhouse.

||HÙtel`-Dieu" (?), n. [F.] A hospital.

Hot"en (?), p. p. of Hote.

Hot"foot` (?), adv. In haste; foothot. [Colloq.]

Hot"-head` (?), n. A violent, passionate person; a hasty or impetuous
person; as, the rant of a hot-head.

Hot"-head`ed, a. Fiery; violent; rash; hasty; impetuous; vehement.
Macaulay.

Hot"house` (?), n. 1. A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and
shrubs from the cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer
climates may be reared, and fruits ripened.

2. A bagnio, or bathing house. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A brothel; a bagnio. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. (Pottery) A heated room for drying green ware.

<! p. 709 !>

Hot"-liv`ered (?), a. Of an excitable or irritable temperament;
irascible. Milton.

Hot"ly, adv. [From Hot, a.] 1. In a hot or fiery manner; ardently;
vehemently; violently; hastily; as, a hotly pursued.

2. In a lustful manner; lustfully. Dryden.

Hot"-mouthed` (?), a. Headstrong.

    That hot-mouthed beast that bears against the curb.


Dryden.

Hot"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being hot.

2. Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence; vehemence;
impetuousity; ardor; fury. M. Arnold.

Hot"press` (?), v. t. To apply heat to, in conjunction with mechanical
pressure, for the purpose of giving a smooth and glossy surface, or to
express oil, etc.; as, to hotpress paper, linen, etc.

Hot"pressed` (?), a. Pressed while heat is applied. See Hotpress, v. t.

Hot"-short` (?), a. (Metal.) More or less brittle when heated; as,
hot-short iron.

Hot"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Having a fiery spirit; hot-headed.

Hot"spur` (?), n. [Hot + spur.] A rash, hot-headed man. Holinshed.

{ Hot"spur`, Hot"spurred` (?) }, a. Violent; impetuous; headstrong.
Spenser. Peacham.

Hot"ten*tot (?), n. [D. Hottentot; -- so called from hot and tot, two
syllables of frequent occurrence in their language. Wedgwood.] 1.
(Ethnol.) One of a degraded and savage race of South Africa, with
yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in
tufts.

2. The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its clicking
sounds.

Hottentot cherry (Bot.), a South African plant of the genus Cassine (C.
maurocenia), having handsome foliage, with generally inconspicuous
white or green flowers. Loudon. -- Hottentot's bread. (Bot.) See
Elephant's foot (a), under Elephant.

Hot"ten*tot*ism (?), n. A term employed to describe one of the
varieties of stammering. Tylor.

Hou"dah (?), n. See Howdah.

Hough (?), n. Same as Hock, a joint.

Hough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Houghed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Houghing.] Same
as Hock, to hamstring.

Hough, n. [Cf. D. hak. Cf. Hack.] An adz; a hoe. [Obs.] Bp.
Stillingfleet.

Hough, v. t. To cut with a hoe. [Obs.] Johnson.

Hou"let (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An owl. See Howlet.

Hoult (?), n. A piece of woodland; a small wood. [Obs.] See Holt.

Hound (?), n. [OE. hound, hund, dog, AS. hund; akin to OS. & OFries.
hund, D. hond, G. hund, OHG. hunt, Icel. hundr, Dan. & Sw. hund, Goth.
hunds, and prob. to Lith. sz&?;, Ir. & Gael. cu, L. canis, Gr. &?;,
&?;, Skr. Ávan. &radic;229. Cf. Canine, Cynic, Kennel.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A
variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears, esp.
one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound, deerhound,
but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting dogs, as the
greyhound, boarhound, etc.

    Hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs.


Shak.

2. A despicable person. "Boy! false hound!" Shak.

3. (Zoˆl.) A houndfish.

4. pl. (Naut.) Projections at the masthead, serving as a support for
the trestletrees and top to rest on.

5. A side bar used to strengthen portions of the running gear of a
vehicle.

To follow the hounds, to hunt with hounds.

Hound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hounding.] 1. To
set on the chase; to incite to pursuit; as, to hounda dog at a hare; to
hound on pursuers. Abp. Bramhall.

2. To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with hounds. L'Estrange.

Hound"fish (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any small shark of the genus Galeus or
Mustelus, of which there are several species, as the smooth houndfish
(G. canis), of Europe and America; -- called also houndshark, and
dogfish.

The European nursehound, or small-spotted dogfish, is Scyllium
canicula; the rough houndfish, or large-spotted dogfish, is S. catulus.
The name has also sometimes been applied to the bluefish (Pomatomus
saltatrix), and to the silver gar.

Hound"ing, n. 1. The act of one who hounds.

2. (Naut.) The part of a mast below the hounds and above the deck.

Hound's"-tongue` (?), n. [AS. hundes tunge.] (Bot.) A biennial weed
(Cynoglossum officinale), with soft tongue-shaped leaves, and an
offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked
prickles. Called also dog's-tongue.

Houp (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Hoopoe. [Obs.]

Hour (?), n. [OE. hour, our, hore, ure, OF. hore, ore, ure, F. heure,
L. hora, fr. Gr. &?;, orig., a definite space of time, fixed by natural
laws; hence, a season, the time of the day, an hour. See Year, and cf.
Horologe, Horoscope.] 1. The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty
minutes.

2. The time of the day, as expressed in hours and minutes, and
indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the hour? At what hour shall we
meet?

3. Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a particular time or occasion;
as, the hour of greatest peril; the man for the hour.

    Woman, . . . mine hour is not yet come.


John ii. 4.

    This is your hour, and the power of darkness.


Luke xxii. 53.

4. pl. (R. C. Ch.) Certain prayers to be repeated at stated times of
the day, as matins and vespers.

5. A measure of distance traveled.

    Vilvoorden, three hours from Brussels.


J. P. Peters.

After hours, after the time appointed for one's regular labor. --
Canonical hours. See under Canonical. -- Hour angle (Astron.), the
angle between the hour circle passing through a given body, and the
meridian of a place. -- Hour circle. (Astron.) (a) Any circle of the
sphere passing through the two poles of the equator; esp., one of the
circles drawn on an artificial globe through the poles, and dividing
the equator into spaces of 15∞, or one hour, each. (b) A circle upon an
equatorial telescope lying parallel to the plane of the earth's
equator, and graduated in hours and subdivisions of hours of right
ascension. (c) A small brass circle attached to the north pole of an
artificial globe, and divided into twenty- four parts or hours. It is
used to mark differences of time in working problems on the globe. --
Hour hand, the hand or index which shows the hour on a timepiece. --
Hour line. (a) (Astron.) A line indicating the hour. (b) (Dialing) A
line on which the shadow falls at a given hour; the intersection of an
hour circle which the face of the dial. -- Hour plate, the plate of a
timepiece on which the hours are marked; the dial. Locke. -- Sidereal
hour, the twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day. -- Solar hour, the
twenty- fourth part of a solar day. -- The small hours, the early hours
of the morning, as one o'clock, two o'clock, etc. -- To keep good
hours, to be regular in going to bed early.

Hour"glass` (?), n. An instrument for measuring time, especially the
interval of an hour. It consists of a glass vessel having two
compartments, from the uppermost of which a quantity of sand, water, or
mercury occupies an hour in running through a small aperture unto the
lower.

A similar instrument measuring any other interval of time takes its
name from the interval measured; as, a half-hour glass, a half-minute
glass. A three-minute glass is sometimes called an egg-glass, from
being used to time the boiling of eggs.

Hou"ri (?), n.; pl. Houris (#). [Per. hr, hr, hr; akin to Ar. hr, pl.
of ahwar beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.] A nymph of paradise; -- so called
by the Mohammedans.

Hour"ly (?), a. Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour;
frequent; often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.

    In hourly expectation of a martyrdom.


Sharp.

Hour"ly, adv. Every hour; frequently; continually.

    Great was their strife, which hourly was renewed.


Dryden.

Hours (?), n. pl. [A translation of L. Horae (Gr. &?;). See Hour.]
(Myth.) Goddess of the seasons, or of the hours of the day.

    Lo! where the rosy-blosomed Hours, Fair Venus' train, appear.


Gray.

Hous"age (?), n. [From House.] A fee for keeping goods in a house. [R.]
 Chambers.

House (?), n.; pl. Houses (#). [OE. hous, hus, AS. h&?;s; akin to OS. &
OFries. h&?;s, D. huis, OHG. h&?;s, G. haus, Icel. h&?;s, Sw. hus, Dan.
huus, Goth. gudh&?;s, house of God, temple; and prob. to E. hide to
conceal. See Hide, and cf. Hoard, Husband, Hussy, Husting.] 1. A
structure intended or used as a habitation or shelter for animals of
any kind; but especially, a building or edifice for the habitation of
man; a dwelling place, a mansion.

    Houses are built to live in; not to look on.


Bacon.

    Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench Are from their hives
    and houses driven away.


Shak.

2. Household affairs; domestic concerns; particularly in the phrase to
keep house. See below.

3. Those who dwell in the same house; a household.

    One that feared God with all his house.


Acts x. 2.

4. A family of ancestors, descendants, and kindred; a race of persons
from the same stock; a tribe; especially, a noble family or an
illustrious race; as, the house of Austria; the house of Hanover; the
house of Israel.

    The last remaining pillar of their house, The one transmitter of
    their ancient name.


Tennyson.

5. One of the estates of a kingdom or other government assembled in
parliament or legislature; a body of men united in a legislative
capacity; as, the House of Lords; the House of Commons; the House of
Representatives; also, a quorum of such a body. See Congress, and
Parliament.

6. (Com.) A firm, or commercial establishment.

7. A public house; an inn; a hotel.

8. (Astrol.) A twelfth part of the heavens, as divided by six circles
intersecting at the north and south points of the horizon, used by
astrologers in noting the positions of the heavenly bodies, and casting
horoscopes or nativities. The houses were regarded as fixed in respect
to the horizon, and numbered from the one at the eastern horizon,
called the ascendant, first house, or house of life, downward, or in
the direction of the earth's revolution, the stars and planets passing
through them in the reverse order every twenty- four hours.

9. A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper place of a piece.

10. An audience; an assembly of hearers, as at a lecture, a theater,
etc.; as, a thin or a full house.

11. The body, as the habitation of the soul.

    This mortal house I'll ruin, Do CÊsar what he can.


Shak.

12. [With an adj., as narrow, dark, etc.] The grave. "The narrow
house." Bryant.

House is much used adjectively and as the first element of compounds.
The sense is usually obvious; as, house cricket, housemaid, house
painter, housework.

House ant (Zoˆl.), a very small, yellowish brown ant (Myrmica molesta),
which often infests houses, and sometimes becomes a great pest. --
House of bishops (Prot. Epis. Ch.), one of the two bodies composing a
general convertion, the other being House of Clerical and Lay Deputies.
-- House boat, a covered boat used as a dwelling. -- House of call, a
place, usually a public house, where journeymen connected with a
particular trade assemble when out of work, ready for the call of
employers. [Eng.] Simonds. -- House car (Railroad), a freight car with
inclosing sides and a roof; a box car. -- House of correction. See
Correction. -- House cricket (Zoˆl.), a European cricket (Gryllus
domesticus), which frequently lives in houses, between the bricks of
chimneys and fireplaces. It is noted for the loud chirping or
stridulation of the males. -- House dog, a dog kept in or about a
dwelling house. -- House finch (Zoˆl.), the burion. -- House flag, a
flag denoting the commercial house to which a merchant vessel belongs.
-- House fly (Zoˆl.), a common fly (esp. Musca domestica), which
infests houses both in Europe and America. Its larva is a maggot which
lives in decaying substances or excrement, about sink drains, etc. --
House of God, a temple or church. -- House of ill fame. See Ill fame
under Ill, a. -- House martin (Zoˆl.), a common European swallow
(Hirundo urbica). It has feathered feet, and builds its nests of mud
against the walls of buildings. Called also house swallow, and window
martin. -- House mouse (Zoˆl.), the common mouse (Mus musculus). --
House physician, the resident medical adviser of a hospital or other
public institution. -- House snake (Zoˆl.), the milk snake. -- House
sparrow (Zoˆl.), the common European sparrow (Passer domesticus). It
has recently been introduced into America, where it has become very
abundant, esp. in cities. Called also thatch sparrow. -- House spider
(Zoˆl.), any spider which habitually lives in houses. Among the most
common species are Theridium tepidariorum and Tegenaria domestica. --
House surgeon, the resident surgeon of a hospital. -- House wren
(Zoˆl.), the common wren of the Eastern United States (Troglodytes
aÎdon). It is common about houses and in gardens, and is noted for its
vivacity, and loud musical notes. See Wren. -- Religious house, a
monastery or convent. -- The White House, the official residence of the
President of the United States; -- hence, colloquially, the office of
President. -- To bring down the house. See under Bring. -- To keep
house, to maintain an independent domestic establishment. -- To keep
open house, to entertain friends at all times.

Syn. -- Dwelling; residence; abode. See Tenement.

House (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Housed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Housing.]
[AS. h&?;sian.] 1. To take or put into a house; to shelter under a
roof; to cover from the inclemencies of the weather; to protect by
covering; as, to house one's family in a comfortable home; to house
farming utensils; to house cattle.

    At length have housed me in a humble shed.


Young.

    House your choicest carnations, or rather set them under a
    penthouse.


Evelyn.

2. To drive to a shelter. Shak.

3. To admit to residence; to harbor.

    Palladius wished him to house all the Helots.


Sir P. Sidney.

4. To deposit and cover, as in the grave. Sandys.

5. (Naut.) To stow in a safe place; to take down and make safe; as, to
house the upper spars.

House, v. i. 1. To take shelter or lodging; to abide to dwell; to
lodge.

    You shall not house with me.


Shak.

2. (Astrol.) To have a position in one of the houses. See House, n., 8.
"Where Saturn houses." Dryden.

House"bote` (?), n. [House + bote.] (Law) Wood allowed to a tenant for
repairing the house and for fuel. This latter is often called firebote.
See Bote.

House"break`er (?), n. One who is guilty of the crime of housebreaking.

House"break`ing, n. The act of breaking open and entering, with a
felonious purpose, the dwelling house of another, whether done by day
or night. See Burglary, and To break a house, under Break.

House"build`er (?), n. One whose business is to build houses; a
housewright.

House"carl` (?), n. [OE. huscarle. See House, and Carl.] (Eng.
ArchÊol.) A household servant; also, one of the bodyguard of King
Canute.

House"hold` (?), n. 1. Those who dwell under the same roof and compose
a family.

    And calls, without affecting airs, His household twice a day to
    prayers.


Swift.

2. A line of ancestory; a race or house. [Obs.] Shak.

House"hold`, a. Belonging to the house and family; domestic; as,
household furniture; household affairs.

Household bread, bread made in the house for common use; hence, bread
that is not of the finest quality. [Obs.] -- Household gods (Rom.
Antiq.), the gods presiding over the house and family; the Lares and
Penates; hence, all objects endeared by association with home. --
Household troops, troops appointed to attend and guard the sovereign or
his residence.

House"hold`er (?), n. The master or head of a family; one who occupies
a house with his family.

    Towns in which almost every householder was an English Protestant.


Macaulay.

Compound householder. See Compound, a.

<! p. 710 !>

House"keep`er (?), n. 1. One who occupies a house with his family; a
householder; the master or mistress of a family. Locke.

2. One who does, or oversees, the work of keeping house; as, his wife
is a good housekeeper; often, a woman hired to superintend the servants
of a household and manage the ordinary domestic affairs.

3. One who exercises hospitality, or has a plentiful and hospitable
household. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

4. One who keeps or stays much at home. [R.]

    You are manifest housekeeper.


Shak.

5. A house dog. [Obs.] Shak.

House"keep`ing, n. 1. The state of occupying a dwelling house as a
householder.

2. Care of domestic concerns; management of a house and home affairs.

3. Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a supply of provisions.
[Obs.]

    Tell me, softly and hastily, what's in the pantry? Small
    housekeeping enough, said Phúbe.


Sir W. Scott.

House"keep`ing, a. Domestic; used in a family; as, housekeeping
commodities.

Hou"sel (?), n. [OE. housel, husel, AS. hsel; akin to Icel. hsl, Goth.
hunsl a sacrifice.] The eucharist. [Archaic] Rom. of R. Tennyson.

Hou"sel, v. t. [AS. hslian.] To administer the eucharist to. [Archaic]
Chaucer.

House"leek` (?), n. [House + leek.] (Bot.) A succulent plant of the
genus Sempervivum (S. tectorum), originally a native of subalpine
Europe, but now found very generally on old walls and roofs. It is very
tenacious of life under drought and heat; -- called also ayegreen.

House"less, a. Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless;
homeless; as, a houseless wanderer.

House"less*ness, n. The state of being houseless.

House"line` (?), n. (Naut.) A small line of three strands used for
seizing; -- called also housing. Totten.

House"ling` (?), a. Same as Housling.

House"maid` (?), n. A female servant employed to do housework, esp. to
take care of the rooms.

Housemaid's knee (Med.), a swelling over the knee, due to an
enlargement of the bursa in the front of the kneepan; -- so called
because frequently occurring in servant girls who work upon their
knees.

House"mate` (?), n. One who dwells in the same house with another. R.
Browning.

House"room` (?), n. Room or place in a house; as, to give any one
houseroom.

House"warm`ing (?), n. A feast or merry-making made by or for a family
or business firm on taking possession of a new house or premises.
Johnson.

House"wife` (?), n. [House + wife. Cf. Hussy.] 1. The wife of a
householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household.
Shak.

    He a good husband, a good housewife she.


Dryden.

2. (Usually pronounced &?;.) [See Hussy, in this sense.] A little case
or bag for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female
work; -- called also hussy. [Written also huswife.] P. Skelton.

3. A hussy. [R.] [Usually written huswife.] Shak.

Sailor's housewife, a ditty-bag.

{ House"wife` (?), House"wive` (?), } v. t. To manage with skill and
economy, as a housewife or other female manager; to economize.

    Conferred those moneys on the nuns, which since they have well
    housewived.


Fuller.

House"wife`ly (?), a. Pertaining or appropriate to a housewife;
domestic; economical; prudent.

    A good sort of woman, ladylike and housewifely.


Sir W. Scott.

House"wif`er*y (?), n. The business of the mistress of a family; female
management of domestic concerns.

House"work` (?), n. The work belonging to housekeeping; especially,
kitchen work, sweeping, scrubbing, bed making, and the like.

House"wright` (?), n. A builder of houses.

Hous"ing (?), n. [From House. In some of its senses this word has been
confused with the following word.] 1. The act of putting or receiving
under shelter; the state of dwelling in a habitation.

2. That which shelters or covers; houses, taken collectively. Fabyan.

3. (Arch.) (a) The space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion
of part of another, as the end of one timber in the side of another.
(b) A niche for a statue.

4. (Mach.) A frame or support for holding something in place, as
journal boxes, etc.

5. (Naut.) (a) That portion of a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the
deck or within the vessel. (b) A covering or protection, as an awning
over the deck of a ship when laid up. (c) A houseline. See Houseline.

Hous"ing, n. [From Houss.] 1. A cover or cloth for a horse's saddle, as
an ornamental or military appendage; a saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in
plural, trappings.

2. An appendage to the hames or collar of a harness.

Hous"ling (?), a. [See Housel.] Sacramental; as, housling fire. [R.]
Spenser.

Houss (?), n. [F. housse, LL. hulcia, fr. OHG. hulst; akin to E.
holster. See Holster, and cf. 2d Housing.] A saddlecloth; a housing.
[Obs.] Dryden.

||Hou"tou (?), n. [From its note.] (Zoˆl.) A beautiful South American
||motmot. Waterton.

Houve (?), n. [AS. hfe.] A head covering of various kinds; a hood; a
coif; a cap. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hou*yhnhnm" (?), n. One of the race of horses described by Swift in his
imaginary travels of Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with
reason and noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of
brutes having the form and all the worst vices of men.

Hove (?), imp. & p. p. of Heave.

Hove short, Hove to. See To heave a cable short, To heave a ship to,
etc., under Heave.

Hove, v. i. & t. To rise; to swell; to heave; to cause to swell. [Obs.
or Scot.] Holland. Burns.

Hove, v. i. [OE. hoven. See Hover.] To hover around; to loiter; to
lurk. [Obs.] Gower.

Hov"el (?), n. [OE. hovel, hovil, prob. a dim. fr. AS. hof house; akin
to D. & G. hof court, yard, Icel. hof temple; cf. Prov. E. hove to take
shelter, heuf shelter, home.] 1. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or
protecting produce, etc., from the weather. Brande & C.

2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut.

3. (Porcelain Manuf.) A large conical brick structure around which the
firing kilns are grouped. Knight.

Hov"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoveled (?) or Hovelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Hoveling or Hovelling.] To put in a hovel; to shelter.

    To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlon.


Shak.

    The poor are hoveled and hustled together.


Tennyson.

Hov"el*er (?), n. One who assists in saving life and property from a
wreck; a coast boatman. [Written also hoveller.] [Prov. Eng.] G. P. R.
James.

Hov"el*ing, n. A method of securing a good draught in chimneys by
covering the top, leaving openings in the sides, or by carrying up two
of the sides higher than the other two. [Written also hovelling.]

Ho"ven (?), obs. or archaic p. p. of Heave.

Ho"ven (?), a. Affected with the disease called hoove; as, hoven
cattle.

Hov"er (?), n. [Etymol. doubtful.] A cover; a shelter; a protection.
[Archaic] Carew. C. Kingsley.

Hov"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hovered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hovering.]
[OE. hoveren, and hoven, prob. orig., to abide, linger, and fr. AS. hof
house; cf. OFries. hovia to receive into one's house. See Hovel.] 1. To
hang fluttering in the air, or on the wing; to remain in flight or
floating about or over a place or object; to be suspended in the air
above something.

    Great flights of birds are hovering about the bridge, and settling
    on it.


Addison.

    A hovering mist came swimming o'er his sight.


Dryden.

2. To hang about; to move to and fro near a place, threateningly,
watchfully, or irresolutely.

    Agricola having sent his navy to hover on the coast.


Milton.

    Hovering o'er the paper with her quill.


Shak.

Hov"er*er (?), n. A device in an incubator for protecting the young
chickens and keeping them warm.

Hov"er-hawk` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The kestrel.

Hov"er*ing*ly, adv. In a hovering manner.

How (?), adv. [OE. how, hou, hu, hwu, AS. h&?;, from the same root as
hw, hwÊt, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to OS. hww, D. hoe, cf. G.
wie how, Goth. hw wherewith, hwaiwa how. &radic;182. See Who, and cf.
Why.] 1. In what manner or way; by what means or process.

    How can a man be born when he is old?


John iii. 4.

2. To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by
what measure or quality.

    O, how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day.


Ps. cxix. 97.

    By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so
    much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of
    the earth.


Bentley.

3. For what reason; from what cause.

    How now, my love! why is your cheek so pale?


Shak.

4. In what state, condition, or plight.

    How, and with what reproach, shall I return?


Dryden.

5. By what name, designation, or title.

    How art thou called?


Shak.

6. At what price; how dear. [Obs.]

    How a score of ewes now?


Shak.

How is used in each sense, interrogatively, interjectionally, and
relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an interrogation or
exclamation. "How are the mighty fallen!" 2 Sam. i. 27. Sometimes,
also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the how, the when, the wherefore.
Shelley.

    Let me beg you -- don't say "How?" for "What?"


Holmes.

||How*adj"i (?), n. [Ar.] 1. A traveler.

2. A merchant; -- so called in the East because merchants were formerly
the chief travelers.

How*be"it (?), conj. [How + be + it.] Be it as it may; nevertheless;
notwithstanding; although; albeit; yet; but; however.

    The Moor -- howbeit that I endure him not - Is of a constant,
    loving, noble nature.


Shak.

How"dah (?), n. [Ar. hawdaj.] A seat or pavilion, generally covered,
fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or riders. [Written
also houdah.]

How"dy (?), n. [Scot., also houdy-  wife. Of uncertain origin; cf. OSw.
jordgumma; or perh. fr. E. how d'ye.] A midwife. [Prov. Eng.]

How"el (?), n. A tool used by coopers for smoothing and chamfering
rheir work, especially the inside of casks.

How"el, v. t. To smooth; to plane; as, to howel a cask.

How"ell, n. The upper stage of a porcelian furnace.

How*ev"er (?), adv. [Sometimes contracted into howe'er.] 1. In whetever
manner, way, or degree.

    However yet they me despise and spite.


Spenser.

    Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault.


Shak.

2. At all events; at least; in any case.

    Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be, however from
    the greatest evils.


Tillotson.

How*ev"er, conj. Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; still; though; as,
I shall not oppose your design; I can not, however, approve of it.

    In your excuse your love does little say; You might howe'er have
    took a better way.


Dryden.

Syn. -- However, At least, Nevertheless, Yet. These words, as here
compared, have an adversative sense in reference to something referred
to in the context. However is the most general, and leads to a final
conclusion or decision. Thus we say, the truth, however, has not yet
fully come out; i.e., such is the speaker's conclusion in view of the
whole case. So also we say, however, you may rely on my assistance to
that amount; i. e., at all events, whatever may happen, this is my
final decision. At least is adversative in another way. It points out
the utmost concession that can possibly be required, and still marks
the adversative conclusion; as, at least, this must be done; whatever
may be our love of peace, we must at least maintain the rights of
conscience. Nevertheless denotes that though the concession be fully
made, it has no bearing of the question; as, nevertheless, we must go
forward. Yet signifies that however extreme the supposition or fact
comceded may be, the consequence which might naturally be expected does
not and will not follow; as, though I should die with thee, yet will I
not deny thee; though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Cf. But.

How"itz (?), n. A howitzer. [Obs.]

How"itz*er (?), n. [G. haubitze, formerly hauffnitz, Bohem. haufnice,
orig., a sling.] (Mil.) (a) A gun so short that the projectile, which
was hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar. [Obs.]
(b) A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of
smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large
projectiles with comparatively small charges.

How"ker (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Hooker.

Howl (houl), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Howled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Howling.]
[OE. houlen, hulen; akin to D. huilen, MHG. hiulen, hiuweln, OHG.
hiuwiln to exult, h&?;wo owl, Dan. hyle to howl.] 1. To utter a loud,
protracted, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do.

    And dogs in corners set them down to howl.


Drayton.

    Methought a legion of foul fiends Environ'd me about, and howled in
    my ears.


Shak.

2. To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry aloud and
mournfully; to lament; to wail.

    Howl ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand.


Is. xiii. 6.

3. To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild beast.

    Wild howled the wind.


Sir W. Scott.

Howling monkey. (Zoˆl.) See Howler, 2. -- Howling wilderness, a wild,
desolate place inhabited only by wild beasts. Deut. xxxii. 10.

Howl, v. t. To utter with outcry. "Go . . . howl it out in deserts."
Philips.

Howl, n. 1. The protracted, mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other
like sound.

2. A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a wail.

Howl"er (?), n. 1. One who howls.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any South American monkey of the genus Mycetes. Many species
are known. They are arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the
loud, discordant howling in which they indulge at night.

Howl"et (?), n. [Equiv. to owlet, influenced by howl: cf. F. hulotte,
OHG. h&?;wela, hiuwela.] (Zoˆl.) An owl; an owlet. [Written also
houlet.] R. Browning.

Howp (?), v. i. To cry out; to whoop. [Obs.] Chaucer.

How"so (?), adv. Howsoever. [Obs.]

How`so*ev"er (?), adj. & conj. [How + so + ever.] 1. In what manner
soever; to whatever degree or extent; however.

    I am glad he's come, howsoever he comes.


Shak.

2. Although; though; however. [Obs.] Shak.

Howve (?), n. A hood. See Houve. [Obs.]

Hox (?), v. t. [See Hock. &radic;12.] To hock; to hamstring. See Hock.
[Obs.] Shak.

Hoy (?), n. [D. heu, or Flem. hui.] (Naut.) A small coaster vessel,
usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying passengers and goods from place
to place, or as a tender to larger vessels in port.

    The hoy went to London every week.


Cowper.

Hoy, interj. [D. hui. Cf. Ahoy.] Ho! Halloe! Stop!

Hoy"den (?), n. Same as Hoiden.

Hoy"man (?), n.; pl. Hoymen (&?;). One who navigates a hoy.

    A common hoyman to carry goods by water for hire.


Hobart.

||Hua*na"co (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Guanaco.

Hub (?), n. [See 1st Hob.] 1. The central part, usually cylindrical, of
a wheel; the nave. See Illust. of Axle box.

2. The hilt of a weapon. Halliwell.

3. A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; as, a hub in the
road. [U.S.] See Hubby.

4. A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast.

5. (Diesinking) A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a
device upon a die, used in coining, etc.

6. A screw hob. See Hob, 3.

7. A block for scotching a wheel.

Hub plank (Highway Bridges), a horizontal guard plank along a truss at
the height of a wagon-wheel hub. -- Up to the hub, as far as possible
in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a wheel sunk in
mire; deeply involved. [Colloq.]

Hub"ble-bub`ble (?), n. A tobacco pipe, so arranged that the smoke
passes through water, making a bubbling noise, whence its name. In
India, the bulb containing the water is often a cocoanut shell.

<! p. 711 !>

Hub"bub (?), n. [Cf. Whoobub, Whoop, Hoop, v. i.] A loud noise of many
confused voices; a tumult; uproar. Milton.

    This hubbub of unmeaning words.


Macaulay.

Hub"by (?), a. Full of hubs or protuberances; as, a road that has been
frozen while muddy is hubby. [U.S.]

H¸b"ner (?), n. [After H¸bner, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A mineral of
brownish black color, occurring in columnar or foliated masses. It is
native manganese tungstate.

{ ||Huch (?), ||Hu"chen (?), } n. [G.] (Zoˆl.) A large salmon (Salmo,
or Salvelinus, hucho) inhabiting the Danube; -- called also huso, and
bull trout.

Huck (?), v. i. [See Hawk to offer for sale, Huckster.] To higgle in
trading. [Obs.] Holland.

Huck"a*back (?), n. [Perh. orig., peddler's wares; cf. LG. hukkebak
pickback. Cf. Huckster.] A kind of linen cloth with raised figures,
used for towelings.

Huc"kle (?), n. [Perh. dim. of Prov. E. hucka hook, and so named from
its round shape. See Hook.] 1. The hip; the haunch.

2. A bunch or part projecting like the hip.

Huckle bone. (a) The hip bone; the innominate bone. (b) A small bone of
the ankle; astragalus. [R.] Udall.

Huc"kle-backed` (?), a. Round- shoulded.

Huc"kle*ber`ry (?), n. [Cf. Whortleberry.] (Bot.) (a) The edible black
or dark blue fruit of several species of the American genus
Gaylussacia, shrubs nearly related to the blueberries (Vaccinium), and
formerly confused with them. The commonest huckelberry comes from G.
resinosa. (b) The shrub that bears the berries. Called also
whortleberry.

Squaw huckleberry. See Deeberry.

Huck"ster (?), n. [OE. hukstere, hukster, OD. heukster, D. heuker; akin
to D. huiken to stoop, bend, OD. huycken, huken, G. hocken, to squat,
Icel. h&?;ka; -- the peddler being named from his stooping under the
load on his back. Cf. Hawk to offer for sale.] 1. A retailer of small
articles, of provisions, and the like; a peddler; a hawker. Swift.

2. A mean, trickish fellow. Bp. Hall.

Huck"ster, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huckstered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Huckstering.] To deal in small articles, or in petty bargains. Swift.

Huck"ster*age (?), n. The business of a huckster; small dealing;
peddling.

    Ignoble huckster age of piddling tithes.


Milton.

Huck"ster*er (?), n. A huckster. Gladstone.

    Those hucksterers or money- jobbers.


Swift.

Huck"stress (?), n. A female huckster.

Hud (?), n. [Cf. Hood a covering.] A huck or hull, as of a nut. [Prov.
Eng.] Wright.

Hud"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huddling
(?).] [Cf. OE. hoderen, hodren, to cover, keep, warm; perh. akin to OE.
huden, hiden, to hide, E. hide, and orig. meaning, to get together for
protection in a safe place. Cf. Hide to conceal.] To press together
promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the like; to crowd
together confusedly; to press or hurry in disorder; to crowd.

    The cattle huddled on the lea.


Tennyson.

    Huddling together on the public square . . . like a herd of
    panic-struck deer.


Prescott.

Hud"dle, v. t. 1. To crowd (things) together to mingle confusedly; to
assemble without order or system.

    Our adversary, huddling several suppositions together, . . . makes
    a medley and confusion.


Locke.

2. To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly;
-- usually with a following preposition or adverb; as, to huddle on; to
huddle up; to huddle together. "Huddle up a peace." J. H. Newman.

    Let him forescat his work with timely care, Which else is huddled
    when the skies are fair.


Dryden.

    Now, in all haste, they huddle on Their hoods, their cloaks, and
    get them gone.


Swift.

Hud"dle, n. A crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together in
a confused manner; tumult; confusion. "A huddle of ideas." Addison.

Hud"dler (?), n. One who huddles things together.

Hudge (?), n. (Mining) An iron bucket for hoisting coal or ore.
Raymond.

Hu`di*bras"tic (?), a. Similar to, or in the style of, the poem
"Hudibras," by Samuel Butler; in the style of doggerel verse. Macaulay.

Hud*so"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hudson's Bay or to the Hudson
River; as, the Hudsonian curlew.

Hue (?), n. [OE. hew, heow, color, shape, form, AS. hiw, heow; akin to
Sw. hy skin, complexion, Goth. hiwi form, appearance.] 1. Color or
shade of color; tint; dye. "Flowers of all hue." Milton.

    Hues of the rich unfolding morn.


Keble.

2. (Painting) A predominant shade in a composition of primary colors; a
primary color modified by combination with others.

Hue, n. [OE. hue, huer, to hoot, shout, prob. fr. OF. hu an
exclamation.] A shouting or vociferation.

Hue and cry (Law), a loud outcry with which felons were anciently
pursued, and which all who heard it were obliged to take up, joining in
the pursuit till the malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written
proclamation issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all
persons to aid in retaking him. Burrill.

Hued (?), a. Having color; -- usually in composition; as, bright-hued;
many- hued. Chaucer.

Hue"less (?), a. [AS. hiwle·s. See Hue color.] Destitute of color.
Hudibras.

Hu"er (?), n. One who cries out or gives an alarm; specifically, a
balker; a conder. See Balker.

Huff (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Huffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huffing.]
[Cf. OE. hoove to puff up, blow; prob. of imitative origin.] 1. To
swell; to enlarge; to puff up; as, huffed up with air. Grew.

2. To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with
insolence; to hector; to bully.

    You must not presume to huff us.


Echard.

3. (Draughts) To remove from the board (the piece which could have
captured an opposing piece). See Huff, v. i., 3.

Huff, v. i. 1. To enlarge; to swell up; as, bread huffs.

2. To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or arrogance; to storm; to
take offense.

    THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them huff at the
    doctrine of repentance.


South.

3. (Draughts) To remove from the board a man which could have captured
a piece but has not done so; -- so called because it was the habit to
blow upon the piece.

Huff, n. 1. A swell of sudden anger or arrogance; a fit of
disappointment and petulance or anger; a rage. "Left the place in a
huff." W. Irving.

2. A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or
importance.

    Lewd, shallow-brained huffs make atheism and contempt of religion
    the sole badge . . . of wit.


South.

To take huff, to take offence. Cowper.

Huff"cap` (?), n. A blusterer; a bully. [Obs.] -- a. Blustering;
swaggering. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Huff"er (?), n. A bully; a blusterer. Hudibras.

Huff"i*ness (?), n. The state of being huffish; petulance; bad temper.
Ld. Lytton.

Huff"ing*ly, adv. Blusteringly; arrogantly. [R.]

    And huffingly doth this bonny Scot ride.


Old Ballad.

Huff"ish, a. Disposed to be blustering or arrogant; petulant. --
Huff"ish*ly, adv. -- Huff"ish*ness, n.

Huff"y (?), a. 1. Puffed up; as, huffy bread.

2. Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily offended.

Hug (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hugging.]
[Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. sidde paa huk to squat, Sw. huka sig
to squat, Icel. h&?;ka. Cf. Huckster.] 1. To cower; to crouch; to curl
up. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

2. To crowd together; to cuddle. [Obs.] Shak.

Hug, v. t. 1. To press closely within the arms; to clasp to the bosom;
to embrace. "And huggen me in his arms." Shak.

2. To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.

    We hug deformities if they bear our names.


Glanvill.

3. (Naut.) To keep close to; as, to hug the land; to hug the wind.

To hug one's self, to congratulate one's self; to chuckle.

Hug, n. A close embrace or clasping with the arms, as in affection or
in wrestling. Fuller.

Huge (?), a. [Compar. Huger (?); superl. Hugest (?).] [OE. huge, hoge,
OF. ahuge, ahoge.] Very large; enormous; immense; excessive; -- used
esp. of material bulk, but often of qualities, extent, etc.; as, a huge
ox; a huge space; a huge difference. "The huge confusion." Chapman. "A
huge filly." Jer. Taylor. -- Huge"ly, adv. -- Huge"ness, n.

    Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea.


Shak.

Syn. -- Enormous; gigantic; colossal; immense; prodigious; vast.

Hug"ger (?), n. One who hugs or embraces.

Hug"ger, v. t. & i. To conceal; to lurk ambush. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Hug"ger-mug`ger (?), n. [Scot. huggrie-muggrie; Prov. E. hugger to lie
in ambush, mug mist, muggard sullen.] Privacy; secrecy. Commonly in the
phrase in hugger-mugger, with haste and secrecy. [Archaic]

    Many things have been done in hugger- mugger.


Fuller.

Hug"ger-mug`ger, a. 1. Secret; clandestine; sly.

2. Confused; disorderly; slovenly; mean; as, hugger-mugger doings.

Hug"gle (?), v. t. [Freq. of hug.] To hug. [Obs.]

Hu"gue*not (?), n. [F., properly a dim. of Hugues. The name is probably
derived from the Christian name (Huguenot) of some person conspicuous
as a reformer.] (Eccl. Hist.) A French Protestant of the period of the
religious wars in France in the 16th century.

Hu"gue*not*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. huguenotisme.] The religion of the
Huguenots in France.

Hu"gy (?), a. Vast. [Obs.] Dryden.

Hu"ia bird` (?). [Native name; -- so called from its cry.] (Zoˆl.) A
New Zealand starling (Heteralocha acutirostris), remarkable for the
great difference in the form and length of the bill in the two sexes,
that of the male being sharp and straight, that of the female much
longer and strongly curved.

Hui"sher (?), n. [Obs.] See Usher. B. Jonson.

Hui"sher, v. t. To usher. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Huke (?), n. [OF. huque, LL. huca; cf. D. huik.] An outer garment worn
in Europe in the Middle Ages. [Written also heuk and hyke.] [Obs.]
Bacon.

Hu"lan (?), n. See Uhlan.

Hulch (?), n. [Cf. Hunch.] A hunch. [Obs.]

Hulch"y (?), a. Swollen; gibbous. [Obs.]

Hulk (?), n. [OE. hulke a heavy ship, AS. hulc a light, swift ship;
akin to D. hulk a ship of burden, G. holk, OHG. holcho; perh. fr. LL.
holcas, Gr. &?;, prop., a ship which is towed, fr. &?; to draw, drag,
tow. Cf. Wolf, Holcad.] 1. The body of a ship or decked vessel of any
kind; esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for service.
"Some well- timbered hulk." Spenser.

2. A heavy ship of clumsy build. Skeat.

3. Anything bulky or unwieldly. Shak.

Shear hulk, an old ship fitted with an apparatus to fix or take out the
masts of a ship. -- The hulks, old or dismasted ships, formerly used as
prisons. [Eng.] Dickens.

Hulk (?), v. t. [Cf. MLG. holken to hollow out, Sw. hÂlka.] To take out
the entrails of; to disembowel; as, to hulk a hare. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

{ Hulk"ing, Hulk"y (?), } a. Bulky; unwiedly. [R.] "A huge hulking
fellow." H. Brooke.

Hull (?), n. [OE. hul, hol, shell, husk, AS. hulu; akin to G. h¸lle
covering, husk, case, h¸llen to cover, Goth. huljan to cover, AS. helan
to hele, conceal. &radic;17. See Hele, v. t., Hell.] 1. The outer
covering of anything, particularly of a nut or of grain; the outer skin
of a kernel; the husk.

2. [In this sense perh. influenced by D. hol hold of a ship, E. hold.]
(Naut.) The frame or body of a vessel, exclusive of her masts, yards,
sails, and rigging.

    Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light.


Dryden.

Hull down, said of a ship so distant that her hull is concealed by the
convexity of the sea.

Hull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hulling.] 1. To
strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument;
as, to hull corn.

2. To pierce the hull of, as a ship, with a cannon ball.

Hull, v. i. To toss or drive on the water, like the hull of a ship
without sails. [Obs.] Shak. Milton.

Hul`la*ba*loo" (?), n. [Perh. a corruption of hurly-burly.] A confused
noise; uproar; tumult. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Hulled (?), a. Deprived of the hulls.

Hulled corn, kernels of maize prepared for food by removing the hulls.

Hull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, hulls; especially, an
agricultural machine for removing the hulls from grain; a hulling
machine.

Hul*lo" (?), interj. See Hollo.

Hull"y (?), a. Having or containing hulls.

Hu"lo*ist (?), n. See Hyloist.

Hu"lo*the*ism (?), n. See Hylotheism.

Hul"ver (?), n. [OE. hulfere; prob. akin to E. holly.] Holly, an
evergreen shrub or tree.

Hum (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humming (?).]
[Of imitative origin; cf. G. hummen, D. hommelen. &radic;15.] 1. To
make a low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone; to
murmur; to buzz; as, a top hums. P. Fletcher.

    Still humming on, their drowsy course they keep.


Pope.

2. To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter m prolonged, without
opening the mouth, or articulating; to mumble in monotonous undertone;
to drone.

    The cloudy messenger turns me his back, And hums.


Shak.

3. [Cf. Hum, interj.] To make an inarticulate sound, like h'm, through
the nose in the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a
affectation; to hem.

4. To express satisfaction by a humming noise.

    Here the spectators hummed.


Trial of the Regicides.

Formerly the habit of audiences was to express gratification by humming
and displeasure by hissing.

5. To have the sensation of a humming noise; as, my head hums, -- a
pathological condition.

Hum, v. t. 1. To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation;
to mumble; as, to hum a tune.

2. To express satisfaction with by humming.

3. To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose on; to humbug.
[Colloq. & Low]

Hum, n. 1. A low monotonous noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly
revolving top, of a wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz.

    The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums.


Shak.

2. Any inarticulate and buzzing sound; as: (a) The confused noise of a
crowd or of machinery, etc., heard at a distance; as, the hum of
industry.

    But 'midst the crowd, the hum, the shock of men.


Byron.

(b) A buzz or murmur, as of approbation. Macaulay.

3. An imposition or hoax.

4. [Cf. Hem, interj.] An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like h'm,
uttered by a speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation, etc.

    THese shrugs, these hums and ha's.


Shak.

5. [Perh. so called because strongly intoxicating.] A kind of strong
drink formerly used. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Venous hum. See under Venous.

Hum, interj. [Cf. Hem, interj.] Ahem; hem; an inarticulate sound
uttered in a pause of speech implying doubt and deliberation. Pope.

Hu"man (?), a. [L. humanus; akin to homo man: cf. F. humain. See
Homage, and cf. Humane, Omber.] Belonging to man or mankind; having the
qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or to the
race of man; as, a human voice; human shape; human nature; human
sacrifices.

    To err is human; to forgive, divine.


Pope.

Hu"man, n. A human being. [Colloq.]

    Sprung of humans that inhabit earth.


Chapman.

    We humans often find ourselves in strange position.


Prof. Wilson.

Hu"man*ate (?), a. [LL. humanatus.] Indued with humanity. [Obs.]
Cranmer.

Hu*mane" (?), a. [L. humanus: cf. F. humain. See Human.] 1. Pertaining
to man; human. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

2. Having the feelings and inclinations creditable to man; having a
disposition to treat other human beings or animals with kindness; kind;
benevolent.

    Of an exceeding courteous and humane inclination.


Sportswood.

3. Humanizing; exalting; tending to refine.

Syn. -- Kind; sympathizing; benevolent; mild; compassionate; gentle;
tender; merciful.

-- Hu*mane"ly, adv. -- Hu*mane"ness, n.

<! p. 712 !>

Hu*man"ics (?), n. The study of human nature. [R.] T. W. Collins.

Hu*man"i*fy (?), v. t. To make human; to invest with a human
personality; to incarnate. [R.]

    The humanifying of the divine Word.


H. B. Wilson.

Hu"man*ism (?), n. 1. Human nature or disposition; humanity.

    [She] looked almost like a being who had rejected with indifference
    the attitude of sex for the loftier quality of abstract humanism.


T. Hardy.

2. The study of the humanities; polite learning.

Hu"man*ist, n. [Cf. F. humaniste.] 1. One of the scholars who in the
field of literature proper represented the movement of the Renaissance,
and early in the 16th century adopted the name Humanist as their
distinctive title. Schaff- Herzog.

2. One who pursues the study of the humanities, or polite literature.

3. One versed in knowledge of human nature.

Hu`man*is"tic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to humanity; as, humanistic
devotion. Caird.

2. Pertaining to polite literature. M. Arnold.

Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. 1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) Pertaining to
humanitarians, or to humanitarianism; as, a humanitarian view of
Christ's nature.

2. (Philos.) Content with right affections and actions toward man;
ethical, as distinguished from religious; believing in the
perfectibility of man's nature without supernatural aid.

3. Benevolent; philanthropic. [Recent]

Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an, n. [From Humanity.] 1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) One who
denies the divinity of Christ, and believes him to have been merely
human.

2. (Philos.) One who limits the sphere of duties to human relations and
affections, to the exclusion or disparagement of the religious or
spiritual.

3. One who is actively concerned in promoting the welfare of his kind;
a philanthropist. [Recent]

Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. 1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) The distinctive
tenet of the humanitarians in denying the divinity of Christ; also, the
whole system of doctrine based upon this view of Christ.

2. (Philos.) The doctrine that man's obligations are limited to, and
dependent alone upon, man and the human relations.

Hu`ma*ni"tian (?), n. A humanist. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Hu*man"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Humanities (#). [L. humanitas: cf. F.
humanitÈ. See Human.] 1. The quality of being human; the peculiar
nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings.

2. Mankind collectively; the human race.

    But hearing oftentimes The still, and music humanity.


Wordsworth.

    It is a debt we owe to humanity.


S. S. Smith.

3. The quality of being humane; the kind feelings, dispositions, and
sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to relieve persons or
animals in distress, and to treat all creatures with kindness and
tenderness. "The common offices of humanity and friendship." Locke.

4. Mental cultivation; liberal education; instruction in classical and
polite literature.

    Polished with humanity and the study of witty science.


Holland.

5. pl. (With definite article) The branches of polite or elegant
learning; as language, rhetoric, poetry, and the ancient classics;
belles-letters.

The cultivation of the languages, literature, history, and archÊology
of Greece and Rome, were very commonly called literÊ humaniores, or, in
English, the humanities, . . . by way of opposition to the literÊ
divinÊ, or divinity. G. P. Marsh.

Hu*man`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of humanizing. M. Arnold.

Hu"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Humanizing (?).] [Cf. F. humaniser.] 1. To render human or humane; to
soften; to make gentle by overcoming cruel dispositions and rude
habits; to refine or civilize.

    Was it the business of magic to humanize our natures with
    compassion?


Addison.

2. To give a human character or expression to. "Humanized divinities."
Caird.

3. (Med.) To convert into something human or belonging to man; as, to
humanize vaccine lymph.

Hu"man*ize, v. i. To become or be made more humane; to become
civilized; to be ameliorated.

    By the original law of nations, war and extirpation were the
    punishment of injury. Humanizing by degrees, it admitted slavery
    instead of death; a further step was the exchange of prisoners
    instead of slavery.


Franklin.

Hu"man*i`zer (?), n. One who renders humane.

Hu"man*kind` (?), n. Mankind. Pope.

Hu"man*ly, adv. 1. In a human manner; after the manner of men;
according to the knowledge or wisdom of men; as, the present prospects,
humanly speaking, promise a happy issue. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Kindly; humanely. [Obs.] Pope.

Hu"man*ness, n. The quality or state of being human.

Hu"mate (?), n. [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.) A salt of humic
acid.

Hu*ma"tion (?), n. [L. humatio, fr. humare to cover with earth, to
inter, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage.] Interment; inhumation.
[R.]

Hum"bird` (?), n. Humming bird.

Hum"ble (?), a. [Compar. Humbler (?); superl. Humblest (?).] [F., fr.
L. humilis on the ground, low, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage,
and cf. Chameleon, Humiliate.] 1. Near the ground; not high or lofty;
not pretentious or magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; as, a humble
cottage.

    THy humble nest built on the ground.


Cowley.

2. Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little for one's self; not
proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's self ill-deserving or
unworthy, when judged by the demands of God; lowly; waek; modest.

    God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble.


Jas. iv. 6.

    She should be humble who would please.


Prior.

    Without a humble imitation of the divine Author of our . . .
    religion we can never hope to be a happy nation.


Washington.

Humble plant (Bot.), a species of sensitive plant, of the genus Mimosa
(M. sensitiva). -- To eat humble pie, to endure mortification; to
submit or apologize abjectly; to yield passively to insult or
humilitation; -- a phrase derived from a pie made of the entrails or
humbles of a deer, which was formerly served to servants and retainers
at a hunting feast. See Humbles. Halliwell. Thackeray.

Hum"ble (?), a. Hornless. See Hummel. [Scot.]

Hum"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humbling
(?).] 1. To bring low; to reduce the power, independence, or exaltation
of; to lower; to abase; to humilate.

    Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues Have humbled
    to all strokes.


Shak.

    The genius which humbled six marshals of France.


Macaulay.

2. To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride or arrogance of;
to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to make meek and submissive; --
often used rexlexively.

    Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he
    may exalt you.


1 Pet. v. 6.

Syn. -- To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify; disgrace;
degrade.

Hum"ble*bee` (?), n. [OE. humbilbee, hombulbe; cf. D. hommel, G.
hummel, OHG. humbal, Dan. humle, Sw. humla; perh. akin to hum.
&radic;15. Cf. Bumblebee.] (Zoˆl.) The bumblebee. Shak.

Hum"ble*head` (?), n. [Humble + -head.] Humble condition or estate;
humility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hum"ble*ness, n. The quality of being humble; humility; meekness.

Hum"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, humbles some one.

Hum"bles (?), n. pl. [See Nombles.] Entrails of a deer. [Written also
umbles.] Johnson.

Hum"blesse (?), n. [OF.] Humbleness; abasement; low obeisance. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.

Hum"bly, adv. With humility; lowly. Pope.

Hum"bug` (?), n. [Prob. fr. hum to impose on, deceive + bug a frightful
object.] 1. An imposition under fair pretenses; something contrived in
order to deceive and mislead; a trick by cajolery; a hoax.

2. A spirit of deception; cajolery; trickishness.

3. One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or trickish fellow; an
impostor. Sir J. Stephen.

Hum"bug`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humbugging
(?).] To deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax.

Hum"bug`ger (?), n. One who humbugs.

Hum"bug`ger*y (?), n. The practice of imposition.

Hum"drum` (?), a. Monotonous; dull; commonplace. "A humdrum crone."
Bryant.

Hum"drum`, n. 1. A dull fellow; a bore. B. Jonson.

2. Monotonous and tedious routine.

    Dissatisfied with humdrum.


The Nation.

3. A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one horse.

{ Hu*mect" (?), Hu*mec"tate (?), } v. t. [L. humectare, humectatum, fr.
humectus moist, fr. humere to be moist: cf. F. humecter.] To moisten;
to wet. [Obs.] Howell.

Hu*mec"tant (?), a. [L. humectans, p. pr.] Diluent. -- n. A diluent
drink or medicine. [Obs.]

Hu`mec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. humectatio: cf. F. humectation.] A
moistening. [Obs.] Bacon.

Hu*mec"tive (?), a. Tending to moisten. [Obs.]

Hu"mer*al (?), a. [L. humerus the shoulder: cf. F. humÈral.] (Anat.) Of
or pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm; brachial.

Humeral veil (R. C. Ch.), a long, narrow veil or scarf of the same
material as the vestments, worn round the shoulders by the officiating
priest or his attendant at Mass, and used to protect the sacred vessels
from contact with the hands.

||Hu"me*rus (?), n.; pl. Humeri (#). [L.] (Anat.) (a) The bone of the
||brachium, or upper part of the arm or fore limb. (b) The part of the
||limb containing the humerus; the brachium.

Hu"mic (?), a. [L. humus the earth, ground: cf. F. humique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, vegetable mold; as, humic acid. See
Humin.

Hu`mi*cu*ba"tion (?), n. [L. humus the ground + cubare to lie down.]
The act or practice of lying on the ground. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.

Hu"mid (h"md), a. [L. humidus, umidus, fr. humere, umere, to be moist;
akin to uvidus moist, Gr. "ygro`s, Skr. uksh to wet, sprinkle, and
Icel. vˆkr moist, and perh. to E. ox: cf. F. humide.] Containing
sensible moisture; damp; moist; as, a humidair or atmosphere; somewhat
wet or watery; as, humid earth; consisting of water or vapor.

    Evening cloud, or humid bow.


Milton.

Hu*mid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. humiditÈ.] Moisture; dampness; a moderate
degree of wetness, which is perceptible to the eye or touch; -- used
especially of the atmosphere, or of anything which has absorbed
moisture from the atmosphere, as clothing.

In hygrometrical reports (as of the United States Signal Service)
complete saturation of the air is designated by Humidity 100, and its
partial saturation by smaller numbers.

Hu"mid*ness (?), n. Humidity.

Hu"mi*fuse (?), a. [L. humus ground + fusus, p. p. of fundere to
spread.] (Bot.) Spread over the surface of the ground; procumbent.
Gray.

Hu*mil"i*ant (?), a. [L. humilians, p. pr. of humiliare.] Humiliating;
humbling. "Humiliant thoughts." [R.] Mrs. Browning.

Hu*mil"i*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humiliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Humiliating.] [L. humiliatus, p. p. of humiliare. See Humble.] To
reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes, or in the eyes of others;
to humble; to mortify.

    We stand humiliated rather than encouraged.


M. Arnold.

Hu*mil`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. humiliatio: cf. F. humiliation.] 1. The act
of humiliating or humbling; abasement of pride; mortification. Bp.
Hopkins.

2. The state of being humiliated, humbled, or reduced to lowliness or
submission.

    The former was a humiliation of Deity; the latter a humiliation of
    manhood.


Hooker.

Hu*mil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Humilities (#). [OE. humilite, OF. humilitÈ,
humelitÈ, F. humilitÈ, fr. L. humiliatis. See Humble.] 1. The state or
quality of being humble; freedom from pride and arrogance; lowliness of
mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth; a sense of one's own
unworthiness through imperfection and sinfulness; self-abasement;
humbleness.

    Serving the Lord with all humility of mind.


Acts xx. 19.

2. An act of submission or courtesy.

    With these humilities they satisfied the young king.


Sir J. Davies.

Syn. -- Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty; diffidence. --
Humility, Modesty, Diffidence. Diffidence is a distrust of our powers,
combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured, since a dread
of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is not usually called
diffidence. It may be carried too far, and is not always, like modesty
and humility, a virtue. Modesty, without supposing self-distrust,
implies an unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of
all over-confidence in our own powers. Humility consists in rating our
claims low, in being willing to waive our rights, and take a lower
place than might be our due. It does not require of us to underrate
ourselves.

Hu"min (?), n. [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.) A bitter, brownish
yellow, amorphous substance, extracted from vegetable mold, and also
produced by the action of acids on certain sugars and carbohydrates; --
called also humic acid, ulmin, gein, ulmic or geic acid, etc.

||Hu*mi"ri (?), n. [From native name.] (Bot.) A fragrant balsam
||obtained from Brazilian trees of the genus Humirium.

Hum"ite (?), n. [Named after Sir A. Hume.] (Min.) A mineral of a
transparent vitreous brown color, found in the ejected masses of
Vesuvius. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia, containing fluorine.

Hum"mel (?), v. t. [Cf. Hamble.] To separate from the awns; -- said of
barley. [Scot.]

Hum"mel, a. Having no awns or no horns; as, hummelcorn; a hummel cow.
[Scot.]

Hum"mel*er (?), n. [Written also hummeller.] One who, or a machine
which, hummels.

Hum"mer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by
humming. Ainsworth.

2. (Zoˆl.) A humming bird.

Hum"ming (?), a. Emitting a murmuring sound; droning; murmuring;
buzzing.

Hum"ming, n. A sound like that made by bees; a low, murmuring sound; a
hum.

Hummingale, lively or strong ale. Dryden. -- Humming bird (Zoˆl.), any
bird of the family TrochilidÊ, of which over one hundred genera are
known, including about four hundred species. They are found only in
America and are most abundant in the tropics. They are mostly of very
small size, and are noted for their very brilliant colors and peculiar
habit of hovering about flowers while vibrating their wings very
rapidly with a humming noise. They feed both upon the nectar of flowers
and upon small insects. The common humming bird or ruby-throat of the
Eastern United States is Trochilus colubris. Several other species are
found in the Western United States. See Calliope, and Ruby-throat. --
Humming-bird moth (Zoˆl.), a hawk moth. See Hawk moth, under Hawk, the
bird.

Hum"mock (?), n. [Prob. a dim. of hump. See Hump.] 1. A rounded knoll
or hillock; a rise of ground of no great extent, above a level surface.

2. A ridge or pile of ice on an ice field.

3. Timbered land. See Hammock. [Southern U.S.]

Hum"mock*ing, n. The process of forming hummocks in the collision of
Arctic ice. Kane.

Hum"mock*y (?), a. Abounding in hummocks.

Hum"mum (?), n. [Per. or Ar. hammn.] A sweating bath or place for
sweating. Sir T. Herbert.

Hu"mor (?), n. [OE. humour, OF. humor, umor, F. humeur, L. humor, umor,
moisture, fluid, fr. humere, umere, to be moist. See Humid.] [Written
also humour.] 1. Moisture, especially, the moisture or fluid of animal
bodies, as the chyle, lymph, etc.; as, the humors of the eye, etc.

The ancient physicians believed that there were four humors (the blood,
phlegm, yellow bile or choler, and black bile or melancholy), on the
relative proportion of which the temperament and health depended.

2. (Med.) A vitiated or morbid animal fluid, such as often causes an
eruption on the skin. "A body full of humors." Sir W. Temple.

3. State of mind, whether habitual or temporary (as formerly supposed
to depend on the character or combination of the fluids of the body);
disposition; temper; mood; as, good humor; ill humor.

    Examine how your humor is inclined, And which the ruling passion of
    your mind.


Roscommon.

    A prince of a pleasant humor.


Bacon.

    I like not the humor of lying.


Shak.

4. pl. Changing and uncertain states of mind; caprices; freaks;
vagaries; whims.

    Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion? Has he not
    humors to be endured?


South.

5. That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas an incongruous
or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or mirth by ludicrous
images or representations; a playful fancy; facetiousness.

    For thy sake I admit That a Scot may have humor, I'd almost said
    wit.


Goldsmith.

    A great deal of excellent humor was expended on the perplexities of
    mine host.


W. Irving.

Aqueous humor, Crystalline humor or lens, Vitreous humor. (Anat.) See
Eye. -- Out of humor, dissatisfied; displeased; in an unpleasant frame
of mind.

Syn. -- Wit; satire; pleasantry; temper; disposition; mood; frame;
whim; fancy; caprice. See Wit.

<! p. 713 !>

Hu"mor (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humoring.]
1. To comply with the humor of; to adjust matters so as suit the
peculiarities, caprices, or exigencies of; to adapt one's self to; to
indulge by skillful adaptation; as, to humor the mind.

    It is my part to invent, and the musician's to humor that
    invention.


Dryden.

2. To help on by indulgence or compliant treatment; to soothe; to
gratify; to please.

    You humor me when I am sick.


Pope.

Syn. -- To gratify; to indulge. See Gratify.

Hu"mor*al (?), a. [Cf. F. humoral.] Pertaining to, or proceeding from,
the humors; as, a humoral fever.

Humoral pathology (Med.), the pathology, or doctrine of the nature of
diseases, which attributes all morbid phenomena to the disordered
condition of the fluids or humors of the body.

Hu"mor*al*ism (?), n. 1. (Med.) The state or quality of being humoral.

2. (Med.) The doctrine that diseases proceed from the humors; humorism.
[Obs.]

Hu"mor*al*ist, n. One who favors the humoral pathology or believes in
humoralism.

Hu"mor*ism (?), n. 1. (Med.) The theory founded on the influence which
the humors were supposed to have in the production of disease;
Galenism. Dunglison.

2. The manner or disposition of a humorist; humorousness. Coleridge.

Hu"mor*ist, n. [Cf. F. humoriste.] 1. (Med.) One who attributes
diseases of the state of the humors.

2. One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of character, which he
indulges in odd or whimsical ways.

    He [Roger de Coverley] . . . was a great humorist in all parts of
    his life.


Addison.

3. One who displays humor in speaking or writing; one who has a
facetious fancy or genius; a wag; a droll.

    The reputation of wits and humorists.


Addison.

Hu`mor*is"tic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a humorist.

Hu"mor*ize (?), v. t. To humor. Marston.

Hu"mor*less, a. Destitute of humor.

Hu"mor*ous (?), a. [Cf. L. humorosus, umorosus, moist. See Humor.] 1.
Moist; humid; watery. [Obs.]

    All founts wells, all deeps humorous.


Chapman.

2. Subject to be governed by humor or caprice; irregular; capricious;
whimsical. Hawthorne.

    Rough as a storm and humorous as the wind.


Dryden.

3. Full of humor; jocular; exciting laughter; playful; as, a humorous
story or author; a humorous aspect.

Syn. -- Jocose; facetious; witty; pleasant; merry.

Hu"mor*ous*ly, adv. 1. Capriciously; whimsically.

    We resolve rashly, sillily, or humorously.


Calamy.

2. Facetiously; wittily.

Hu"mor*ous*ness, n. 1. Moodiness; capriciousness.

2. Facetiousness; jocularity.

Hu"mor*some (?), a. 1. Moody; whimsical; capricious. Hawthorne.

    The commons do not abet humorsome, factious arms.


Burke.

2. Jocose; witty; humorous. Swift.

Hu"mor*some*ly, adv. Pleasantly; humorously.

Hu"mor*some*ness, n. Quality of being humorsome.

Hump (?), n. [Cf. D. homp a lump, LG. hump heap, hill, stump, possibly
akin to E. heap. Cf. Hunch.] 1. A protuberance; especially, the
protuberance formed by a crooked back.

2. (Zoˆl.) A fleshy protuberance on the back of an animal, as a camel
or whale.

Hump"back` (?), n. [Cf. Hunchback.] 1. A crooked back; a humped back.
Tatler.

2. A humpbacked person; a hunchback.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any whale of the genus Megaptera, characterized by a
hump or bunch on the back. Several species are known. The most common
ones in the North Atlantic are Megaptera longimana of Europe, and M.
osphyia of America; that of the California coasts is M. versabilis. (b)
A small salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), of the northwest coast of
America.

Hump"backed` (?), a. Having a humped back.

Humped (?), a. Having a hump, as the back.

Humph (?), interj. [Of imitative origin.] An exclamation denoting
surprise, or contempt, doubt, etc.

Hump"less (?), a. Without a hump. Darwin.

Hump"-shoul`dered (?), a. Having high, hunched shoulders. Hawthorne.

Hump"y (?), a. Full of humps or bunches; covered with protuberances;
humped.

Hum"strum` (?), n. An instrument out of tune or rudely constructed;
music badly played.

Hu"mu*lin (?), n. [NL. Humulus, the genus including the hop.] An
extract of hops.

||Hu"mus (?), n. [L., the earth, ground, soil.] That portion of the
||soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is
||a valuable constituent of soils. Graham.

Hun (?), n. [L. Hunni, also Chunni, and Chuni; cf. AS. H&?;nas, H&?;ne,
OHG. H&?;ni, G. Hunnen.] One of a warlike nomadic people of Northern
Asia who, in the 5th century, under Atilla, invaded and conquered a
great part of Europe.

Hunch (?), n. [Perh. akin to huckle; cf. hump, hunch, bunch, hunk.] 1.
A hump; a protuberance.

2. A lump; a thick piece; as, a hunch of bread.

3. A push or thrust, as with the elbow.

Hunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hunching.] 1.
To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly.

2. To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook, as the back. Dryden.

Hunch"back` (?), n. [Cf. Humpback.] A back with a hunch or hump; also,
a hunchbacked person.

Hunch"backed` (?), a. Having a humped back.

Hun"dred (hn"drd), n. [OE. hundred, AS. hundred a territorial division;
hund hundred + a word akin to Goth. ga-ra˛jan to count, L. ratio
reckoning, account; akin to OS. hunderod, hund, D. hondred, G. hundert,
OHG. also hunt, Icel. hundra, Dan. hundrede, Sw. hundra, hundrade,
Goth. hund, Lith. szimtas, Russ. sto, W. cant, Ir. cead, L. centum, Gr.
"ekato`s, Skr. Áata. &radic;309. Cf. Cent, Century, Hecatomb, Quintal,
and Reason.] 1. The product of ten multiplied by ten, or the number of
ten times ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units
or objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred units,
as 100 or C.

    With many hundreds treading on his heels.


Shak.

The word hundred, as well as thousand, million, etc., often takes a
plural form. We may say hundreds, or many hundreds, meaning individual
objects or units, but with an ordinal numeral adjective in
constructions like five hundreds, or eight hundreds, it is usually
intended to consider each hundred as a separate aggregate; as, ten
hundreds are one thousand.

2. A division of a country in England, supposed to have originally
contained a hundred families, or freemen.

Hundred court, a court held for all the inhabitants of a hundred.
[Eng.] Blackstone.

Hun"dred, a. Ten times ten; five score; as, a hundred dollars.

Hun"dred*er (?), n. 1. An inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred.

2. (Law) A person competent to serve on a jury, in an action for land
in the hundred to which he belongs.

3. One who has the jurisdiction of a hundred; and sometimes, a bailiff
of a hundred. Blount. Cowell.

Hun"dred*fold` (?), n. A hundred times as much or as many.

    He shall receive as hundredfold now in this time.


Mark x. 30.

Hun"dredth (?), a. 1. Coming last of a hundred successive individuals
or units.

2. Forming one of a hundred equal parts into which anything is divided;
the tenth of a tenth.

Hun"dredth, n. One of a hundred equal parts into which one whole is, or
may be, divided; the quotient of a unit divided by a hundred.

Hun"dred*weight` (?), n. A denomination of weight, containing 100, 112,
or 120 pounds avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By
the legal standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United
States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds avoirdupois, the
corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes called the short ton,
being the legal ton.

Hung (?), imp. & p. p. of Hang.

Hung beef, the fleshy part of beef slightly salted and hung up to dry;
dried beef.

Hun*ga"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hungary or to the people of
Hungary. -- n. A native or one of the people of Hungary.

Hungarian grass. See Italian millet, under Millet.

Hun"ga*ry (?), n. A country in Central Europe, now a part of the
Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Hungary water, a distilled "water," made from dilute alcohol aromatized
with rosemary flowers, etc.

Hun"ger (?), n. [AS. hungor; akin to OFries. hunger, D. honger, OS. &
OHG. hungar, G. hunger, Icel. hungr, Sw. & Dan. hunger, Goth. h&?;hrus
hunger, huggrjan to hunger.] 1. An uneasy sensation occasioned normally
by the want of food; a craving or desire for food.

The sensation of hunger is usually referred to the stomach, but is
probably dependent on excitation of the sensory nerves, both of the
stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on indirect impressions from
other organs, more or less exhausted from lack of nutriment.

2. Any strong eager desire.

    O sacred hunger of ambitious minds!


Spenser.

    For hunger of my gold I die.


Dryden.

Hun"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hungered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hungering.]
[OE. hungren, AS. hyngrian. See Hunger, n.] 1. To feel the craving or
uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to be oppressed by hunger.

2. To have an eager desire; to long.

    Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteouness.


Matt. v. 6.

Hun"ger, v. t. To make hungry; to famish.

{ Hun"ger-bit` (?), Hun"ger-bit`ten (?), } a. Pinched or weakened by
hunger. [Obs.] Milton.

Hun"gered (?), a. Hungry; pinched for food. [Obs.] Milton.

Hun"ger*er (?), n. One who hungers; one who longs. Lamb.

Hun"ger*ly, a. Wanting food; starved. [Obs.] Shak.

Hun"ger*ly, adv. With keen appetite. [Obs.] Shak.

Hun"ger-starve` (?), v. t. To starve with hunger; to famish. [Obs.]
Shak.

Hun"gred (?), a. Hungered; hungry. [Archaic]

Hun"gri*ly (?), adv. [From Hunger.] In a hungry manner; voraciously.
Dryden.

Hun"gry (?), a. [Compar. Hungrier (?); superl. Hungriest.] [AS.
hungrid. See Hunger.] 1. Feeling hunger; having a keen appetite;
feeling uneasiness or distress from want of food; hence, having an
eager desire.

2. Showing hunger or a craving desire; voracious.

    The cruel, hungry foam.


C. Kingsley.

    Cassius has a lean and hungry look.


Shak.

3. Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; starved; as, a hungry soil. "The
hungry beach." Shak.

Hunk (?), n. [Cf. Hunch.] A large lump or piece; a hunch; as, a hunk of
bread. [Colloq.]

Hun"ker (?), n. Originally, a nickname for a member of the conservative
section of the Democratic party in New York; hence, one opposed to
progress in general; a fogy. [Political Cant, U.S.]

Hun"ker*ism (?), n. Excessive conservatism; hostility to progress.
[Political Cant, U.S.]

Hunks (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a
niggard.

    Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness of an
    old hunks.


Gray.

Hunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hunting.] [AS.
huntian to hunt; cf. hentan to follow, pursue, Goth. hin&?;an (in
comp.) to seize. &radic;36. Cf. Hent.] 1. To search for or follow
after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for the purpose of
catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns for sport or exercise;
as, to hunt a deer.

    Like a dog, he hunts in dreams.


Tennyson.

2. To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; -- often
with out or up; as, to hunt up the facts; to hunt out evidence.

    Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him.


Ps. cxl. 11.

3. To drive; to chase; -- with down, from, away, etc.; as, to hunt down
a criminal; he was hunted from the parish.

4. To use or manage in the chase, as hounds.

    He hunts a pack of dogs.


Addison.

5. To use or traverse in pursuit of game; as, he hunts the woods, or
the country.

Hunt, v. i. 1. To follow the chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to
course with hounds.

    Esau went to the field to hunt for venison.


Gen. xxvii. 5.

2. To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with for or after.

    He after honor hunts, I after love.


Shak.

To hunt counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting, as a hound to
go back on one's steps. [Obs.] Shak.

Hunt, n. 1. The act or practice of chasing wild animals; chase;
pursuit; search.

    The hunt is up; the morn is bright and gray.


Shak.

2. The game secured in the hunt. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A pack of hounds. [Obs.]

4. An association of huntsmen.

5. A district of country hunted over.

    Every landowner within the hunt.


London Field.

Hunt"-count`er (?), n. A worthless dog that runs back on the scent; a
blunderer. [Obs.] Shak.

Hunt"e (?), n. [AS. hunta.] A hunter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hunt"er (?), n. 1. One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for
food; a huntsman.

2. A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog.
Shak.

3. A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and
trained for hunting.

4. One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; as, a fortune
hunter a place hunter.

    No keener hunter after glory breathes.


Tennyson.

5. (Zoˆl.) A kind of spider. See Hunting spider, under Hunting.

6. A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is protected by a
metallic cover.

Hunter's room, the lunation after the harvest moon. -- Hunter's screw
(Mech.), a differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under
Differential.

Hun*te"ri*an (?), a. Discovered or described by John Hunter, an English
surgeon; as, the Hunterian chancre. See Chancre.

Hunt"ing (?), n. The pursuit of game or of wild animals. A. Smith.

Happy hunting grounds, the region to which, according to the belief of
American Indians, the souls of warriors and hunters pass after death,
to be happy in hunting and feasting. Tylor. -- Hunting box. Same As
Hunting lodge (below). -- Hunting cat (Zoˆl.), the cheetah. -- Hunting
cog (Mach.), a tooth in the larger of two geared wheels which makes its
number of teeth prime to the number in the smaller wheel, thus
preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of teeth. -- Hunting
dog (Zoˆl.), the hyena dog. -- Hunting ground, a region or district
abounding in game; esp. (pl.), the regions roamed over by the North
American Indians in search of game. -- Hunting horn, a bulge; a horn
used in the chase. See Horn, and Bulge. -- Hunting leopard (Zoˆl.), the
cheetah. -- Hunting lodge, a temporary residence for the purpose of
hunting. -- Hunting seat, a hunting lodge. Gray. -- Hunting shirt, a
coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather. -- Hunting spider (Zoˆl.),
a spider which hunts its prey, instead of catching it in a web; a wolf
spider. -- Hunting watch. See Hunter, 6.

Hunt"ress (?), n. A woman who hunts or follows the chase; as, the
huntress Diana. Shak.

Hunts"man (?), n.; pl. Huntsmen (&?;). 1. One who hunts, or who
practices hunting.

2. The person whose office it is to manage the chase or to look after
the hounds. L'Estrange.

Huntsman's cup (Bot.), the sidesaddle flower, or common American
pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea).

<! p. 714 !>

Hunts"man*ship (?), n. The art or practice of hunting, or the
qualification of a hunter. Donne.

Hunt's"-up` (?), n. A tune played on the horn very early in the morning
to call out the hunters; hence, any arousing sound or call. [Obs.]
Shak.

    Time plays the hunt's-up to thy sleepy head.


Drayton.

Hur"den (?), n. [From Hurds.] A coarse kind of linen; -- called also
harden. [Prov. Eng.]

Hur"dle (?), n. [OE. hurdel, hirdel, AS. hyrdel; akin to D. horde, OHG.
hurt, G. h¸rde a hurdle, fold, pen, Icel. hur&?; door, Goth. ha˙rds, L.
cratis wickerwork, hurdle, Gr. &?;, Skr. k&?;t to spin, c&?;t to bind,
connect. &radic;16. Cf. Crate, Grate, n.] 1. A movable frame of wattled
twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for
inclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in
fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes.

2. In England, a sled or crate on which criminals were formerly drawn
to the place of execution. Bacon.

3. An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which men or
horses leap in a race.

Hurdle race, a race in which artificial barriers in the form of
hurdles, fences, etc., must be leaped.

Hur"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurdleed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurdleing
(?).] To hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles. Milton.

Hur"dle*work` (?), n. Work after manner of a hurdle.

Hurds (?), n. [See Hards.] The coarse part of flax or hemp; hards.

Hur"dy-gur`dy (?), n. [Prob. of imitative origin.] 1. A stringled
instrument, lutelike in shape, in which the sound is produced by the
friction of a wheel turned by a crank at the end, instead of by a bow,
two of the strings being tuned as drones, while two or more, tuned in
unison, are modulated by keys.

2. In California, a water wheel with radial buckets, driven by the
impact of a jet.

Hur*ka"ru (?), n. [Hind. harkra] In India, a running footman; a
messenger. [Written also hurkaroo.]

Hurl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurling.]
[OE. hurlen, hourlen; prob. contracted fr. OE. hurtlen to hurtle, or
probably akin to E. whirl. &radic;16. See Hurtle.] 1. To send whirling
or whizzing through the air; to throw with violence; to drive with
great force; as, to hurl a stone or lance.

    And hurl'd them headlong to their fleet and main.


Pope.

2. To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity; as, to hurl charges
or invective. Spenser.

3. [Cf. Whirl.] To twist or turn. "Hurled or crooked feet." [Obs.]
Fuller.

Hurl, v. i. 1. To hurl one's self; to go quickly. [R.]

2. To perform the act of hurling something; to throw something (at
another).

    God shall hurl at him and not spare.


Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ).

3. To play the game of hurling. See Hurling.

Hurl, n. 1. The act of hurling or throwing with violence; a cast; a
fling. Congreve.

2. Tumult; riot; hurly-burly. [Obs.] Knolles.

3. (Hat Manuf.) A table on which fiber is stirred and mixed by beating
with a bowspring.

Hurl"bat` (?), n. See Whirlbat. [Obs.] Holland.

Hurl"bone` (?), n. 1. See Whirlbone.

2. (Far.) A bone near the middle of the buttock of a horse. Crabb.

Hurl"er (?), n. One who hurls, or plays at hurling.

Hurl"ing, n. 1. The act of throwing with force.

2. A kind of game at ball, formerly played.

    Hurling taketh its denomination from throwing the ball.


Carew.

Hurl"wind` (?), n. A whirlwind. [Obs.] Sandys.

Hur"ly (?), n. [Cf. F. hurler to howl.] Noise; confusion; uproar.

    That, with the hurly, death itself awakes.


Shak.

Hur"ly-bur`ly (?), n. [Reduplicated fr. OE. hurly confusion: cf. F.
hurler to howl, yell, L. ululare; or cf. E. hurry.] Tumult; bustle;
confusion. Shak.

    All places were filled with tumult and hurly- burly.


Knolles.

Hu*ro"ni*an (?), a. [Named from Lake Huron.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining
to certain non- fossiliferous rocks on the borders of Lake Huron, which
are supposed to correspond in time to the latter part of the ArchÊan
age.

Hu"ron-Ir`o*quous" (?), n. (Ethnol.) A linguistic group of warlike
North American Indians, belonging to the same stock as the Algonquins,
and including several tribes, among which were the Five Nations. They
formerly occupied the region about Lakes Erie and Ontario, and the
larger part of New York.

Hu"rons (?), n. pl.; sing. Huron. (Ethnol.) A powerful and warlike
tribe of North American Indians of the Algonquin stock. They formerly
occupied the country between Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, but were
nearly exterminated by the Five Nations about 1650.

Hurr (?), v. i. [See Hurry.] To make a rolling or burring sound. [Obs.]

    R is the dog's letter, and hurreth in the sound.


B. Jonson.

{ Hur*rah" Hur*ra" } (?), interj. [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. hurra. Cf.
Huzza.] A word used as a shout of joy, triumph, applause,
encouragement, or welcome.

    Hurrah! hurrah! for Ivry and Henry of Navarre.


Macaulay.

Hur*rah", n. A cheer; a shout of joy, etc.

Hurrah's nest, state of utmost confusion. [Colloq. U.S.]

    A perfect hurrah's nest in our kitchen.


Mrs. Stowe.

Hur*rah" (?), v. i. To utter hurrahs; to huzza.

Hur*rah", v. t. To salute, or applaud, with hurrahs.

Hur"ri*cane (?), n. [Sp. hurracan; orig. a Carib word signifying, a
high wind.] A violent storm, characterized by extreme fury and sudden
changes of the wind, and generally accompanied by rain, thunder, and
lightning; -- especially prevalent in the East and West Indies. Also
used figuratively.

    Like the smoke in a hurricane whirl'd.


Tennyson.

    Each guilty thought to me is A dreadful hurricane.


Massinger.

Hurricane bird (Zoˆl.), the frigate bird. -- Hurricane deck. (Naut.)
See under Deck.

Hur`ri*ca"no (?), n.; pl. Hurricanoes (#). A waterspout; a hurricane.
[Obs.] Drayton. "You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout." Shak.

Hur"ried (?), a. 1. Urged on; hastened; going or working at speed; as,
a hurried writer; a hurried life.

2. Done in a hurry; hence, imperfect; careless; as, a hurried job. "A
hurried meeting." Milton.

-- Hur"ried*ly, adv. -- Hur"ried*ness, n.

Hur"ri*er (?), n. One who hurries or urges.

Hur"ries (?), n. A staith or framework from which coal is discharged
from cars into vessels.

Hur"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurrying.]
[OE. horien; cf. OSw. hurra to whirl round, dial. Sw. hurr great haste,
Dan. hurre to buzz, Icel. hurr hurly-burly, MHG. hurren to hurry, and
E. hurr, whir to hurry; all prob. of imitative origin.] 1. To hasten;
to impel to greater speed; to urge on.

    Impetuous lust hurries him on.


South.

    They hurried him abroad a bark.


Shak.

2. To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action; to urge to confused
or irregular activity.

    And wild amazement hurries up and down The little number of your
    doubtful friends.


Shak.

3. To cause to be done quickly.

Syn. -- To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken; accelerate; urge.

Hur"ry, v. i. To move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or
precipitation; as, let us hurry.

To hurry up, to make haste. [Colloq.]

Hur"ry, n. The act of hurrying in motion or business; pressure;
urgency; bustle; confusion.

    Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind, and
    puts into a violent hurry of thought.


Addison.

Syn. -- Haste; speed; dispatch. See Haste.

Hur"ry*ing*ly, adv. In a hurrying manner.

Hur"ry-skur`ry (?), adv. [An imitative word; cf. Sw. skorra to rattle,
snarl, E. scurry.] Confusedly; in a bustle. [Obs.] Gray.

Hurst (?), n. [OE. hurst, AS. hyrst; akin to OHG. hurst, horst, wood,
thicket, G. horst the nest of a bird of prey, an eyerie, thicket.] A
wood or grove; -- a word used in the composition of many names, as in
Hazlehurst.

Hurt, n. (Mach.) (a) A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the
trunnions. (b) A husk. See Husk, 2.

Hurt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurt (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurting.] [OE.
hurten, hirten, horten, herten; prob. fr. OF. hurter, heurter, to
knock, thrust, strike, F. heurter; cf. W. hyrddu to push, drive,
assault, hwrdd a stroke, blow, push; also, a ram, the orig. sense of
the verb thus perhaps being, to butt as a ram; cf. D. horten to push,
strike, MHG. hurten, both prob. fr. Old French.] 1. To cause physical
pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise painfully.

    The hurt lion groans within his den.


Dryden.

2. To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or pleasure of; to damage;
to injure; to harm.

    Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt.


Milton.

3. To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain to; to offend in
honor or self-respect; to annoy; to grieve. "I am angry and hurt."
Thackeray.

Hurt"er, n. 1. A bodily injury causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the
like.

    The pains of sickness and hurts . . . all men feel.


Locke.

2. An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a slight; a stain; as
of sin.

    But the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that Honor feels.


Tennyson.

3. Injury; damage; detriment; harm; mischief.

    Thou dost me yet but little hurt.


Shak.

Syn. -- Wound; bruise; injury; harm; damage; loss; detriment; mischief;
bane; disadvantage.

Hurt"er (?), n. One who hurts or does harm.

    I shall not be a hurter, if no helper.


Beau. & Fl.

Hurt"er, n. [F. heurtoir, lit., a striker. See Hurt, v. t.] A butting
piece; a strengthening piece, esp.: (Mil.) A piece of wood at the lower
end of a platform, designed to prevent the wheels of gun carriages from
injuring the parapet.

Hurt"ful (?), a. Tending to impair or damage; injurious; mischievous;
occasioning loss or injury; as, hurtful words or conduct.

Syn. -- Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial; detrimental;
disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious; unwholesome;
destructive.

-- Hurt"ful*ly, adv. -- Hurt"ful*ness, n.

Hur"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hurtled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurtling
(?).] [OE. hurtlen, freq. of hurten. See Hurt, v. t., and cf. Hurl.] 1.
To meet with violence or shock; to clash; to jostle.

    Together hurtled both their steeds.


Fairfax.

2. To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or with violence; to
whirl round rapidly; to skirmish.

    Now hurtling round, advantage for to take.


Spenser.

    Down the hurtling cataract of the ages.


R. L. Stevenson.

3. To make a threatening sound, like the clash of arms; to make a sound
as of confused clashing or confusion; to resound.

    The noise of battle hurtled in the air.


Shak.

    The earthquake sound Hurtling 'death the solid ground.


Mrs. Browning.

Hur"tle (?), v. t. 1. To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl;
to brandish. [Obs.]

    His harmful club he gan to hurtle high.


Spenser.

2. To push; to jostle; to hurl.

    And he hurtleth with his horse adown.


Chaucer.

Hur"tle*ber`ry (?), n. [Cf. Huckleberry, Whortleberry.] See
Whortleberry.

Hurt"less (?), a. Doing no injury; harmless; also, unhurt; without
injury or harm.

    Gentle dame so hurtless and so true.


Spenser.

-- Hurt"less*ly, adv. -- Hurt"less*ness, n.

Hus"band (?), n. [OE. hosebonde, husbonde, a husband, the master of the
house or family, AS. h&?;sbonda master of the house; h&?;s house +
bunda, bonda, householder, husband; prob. fr. Icel. h&?;sbndi house
master, husband; h&?;s house + b&?;andi dwelling, inhabiting, p. pr. of
b&?;a to dwell; akin to AS. b&?;an, Goth. bauan. See House Be, and cf.
Bond a slave, Boor.] 1. The male head of a household; one who orders
the economy of a family. [Obs.]

2. A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman. [Obs.] Shak.

    The painful husband, plowing up his ground.


Hakewill.

    He is the neatest husband for curious ordering his domestic and
    field accommodations.


Evelyn.

3. One who manages or directs with prudence and economy; a frugal
person; an economist. [R.]

    God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good husband,
    to improve the short remnant left me.


Fuller.

4. A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the correlative to wife.

    The husband and wife are one person in law.


Blackstone.

5. The male of a pair of animals. [R.] Dryden.

A ship's husband (Naut.), an agent representing the owners of a ship,
who manages its expenses and receipts.

Hus"band, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husbanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Husbanding.]
1. To direct and manage with frugality; to use or employ to good
purpose and the best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with economy.

    For my means, I'll husband them so well, They shall go far.


Shak.

2. To cultivate, as land; to till. [R.]

    Land so trim and rarely husbanded.


Evelyn.

3. To furnish with a husband. [R.] Shak.

Hus"band*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being husbanded, or managed with
economy. Sherwood.

Hus"band*age (?), n. (Naut.) The commission or compensation allowed to
a ship's husband.

Hus"band*less, a. Destitute of a husband. Shak.

Hus"band*ly, a. Frugal; thrifty. [R.] Tusser.

Hus"band*man (?), n.; pl. Husbandmen (&?;). 1. The master of a family.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground.

Hus"band*ry (?), n. 1. Care of domestic affairs; economy; domestic
management; thrift.

    There's husbandry in heaven; Their candles are all out.


Shak.

2. The business of a husbandman, comprehending the various branches of
agriculture; farming.

    Husbandry supplieth all things necessary for food.


Spenser.

Hush (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hushing.]
[OE. huschen, hussen, prob. of imitative origin; cf. LG. hussen to lull
to sleep, G. husch quick, make haste, be silent.] 1. To still; to
silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress the noise or clamor of.

    My tongue shall hush again this storm of war.


Shak.

2. To appease; to allay; to calm; to soothe.

    With thou, then, Hush my cares?


Otway.

    And hush'd my deepest grief of all.


Tennyson.

To hush up, to procure silence concerning; to suppress; to keep secret.
"This matter is hushed up." Pope.

Hush, v. i. To become or to keep still or quiet; to become silent; --
esp. used in the imperative, as an exclamation; be still; be silent or
quiet; make no noise.

    Hush, idle words, and thoughts of ill.


Keble.

    But all these strangers' presence every one did hush.


Spenser.

Hush, n. Stillness; silence; quiet. [R.] "It is the hush of night."
Byron.

Hush money, money paid to secure silence, or to prevent the disclosure
of facts. Swift.

Hush, a. Silent; quiet. "Hush as death." Shak.

Hush"er (?), n. An usher. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hush"ing, n. (Mining) The process of washing ore, or of uncovering
mineral veins, by a heavy discharge of water from a reservoir;
flushing; -- also called booming.

Husk (?), n. [Prob. for hulsk, and from the same root as hull a husk.
See Hull a husk.] 1. The external covering or envelope of certain
fruits or seeds; glume; hull; rind; in the United States, especially
applied to the covering of the ears of maize.

2. The supporting frame of a run of millstones.

Husks of the prodigal son (Bot.), the pods of the carob tree. See
Carob.

Husk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Husking.] To
strip off the external covering or envelope of; as, to husk Indian
corn.

Husked (?), a. 1. Covered with a husk.

2. Stripped of husks; deprived of husks.

Hus"ki*ly (?), adv. [From Husky.] In a husky manner; dryly.

Hus"ki*ness, n. 1. The state of being husky.

2. Roughness of sound; harshness; hoarseness; as, huskiness of voice.
G. Eliot.

<! p. 715 !>

Husk"ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of stripping off husks, as from
Indian corn.

2. A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in husking maize; --
called also husking bee. [U.S.] "A red ear in the husking." Longfellow.

Husk"y (?), a. [From Husk, n.] Abounding with husks; consisting of
husks. Dryden.

Hus"ky (?), a. [Prob. for husty; cf. OE. host cough, AS. hwsta; akin to
D. hoest, G. husten, OHG. huosto, Icel. hsti. See Wheeze.] Rough in
tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; as, a husky voice.

Hu"so (?), n. [NL., fr. G. hausen, and E. isin&?;glass.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A
large European sturgeon (Acipenser huso), inhabiting the region of the
Black and Caspian Seas. It sometimes attains a length of more than
twelve feet, and a weight of two thousand pounds. Called also hausen.
(b) The huchen, a large salmon.

Hus*sar" (?), n. [Hung. husz·r, from husz twenty, because under King
Matthais I., in the fifteenth century, every twenty houses were to
furnish one horse soldier; cf. G. husar, F. houssard, hussard, from the
same source.] (Mil.) Originally, one of the national cavalry of Hungary
and Croatia; now, one of the light cavalry of European armies.

Huss"ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of John Huss, the Bohemian
reformer, who was adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in 1415.

Hus"sy (?), n. [Contr. fr. huswife.] 1. A housewife or housekeeper.
[Obs.]

2. A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a jade; -- used as a
term of contempt or reproach. Grew.

3. A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young woman; -- used jocosely.
Goldsmith.

Hus"sy, n. [From Icel. h&?;si a case, prob. fr. h&?;s house. See House,
and cf. Housewife a bag, Huswife a bag.] A case or bag. See Housewife,
2.

Hus"tings (?), n. pl. [OE. husting an assembly, coucil, AS. h&?;sting;
of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. h&?;s&?;ing; h&?;s home + &?;ing thing,
assembly, meeting; akin to Dan. & Sw. ting, E. thing. See House, and
Thing.] 1. A court formerly held in several cities of England; specif.,
a court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and sheriffs,
to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery of lands within
the city. In the progress of law reform this court has become
unimportant. Mozley & W.

2. Any one of the temporary courts held for the election of members of
the British Parliament.

3. The platform on which candidates for Parliament formerly stood in
addressing the electors. [Eng.]

    When the rotten hustings shake In another month to his brazen lies.


Tennyson.

Hus"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hustled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hustling
(?).] [D. hustelen to shake, fr. husten to shake. Cf. Hotchpotch.] To
shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd rudely; to
handle roughly; as, to hustle a person out of a room. Macaulay.

Hus"tle, v. i. To push or crows; to force one's way; to move hustily
and with confusion; a hurry.

    Leaving the king, who had hustled along the floor with his dress
    worfully arrayed.


Sir W. Scott.

Hus"wife (?), n. [OE. huswif; hus house + wif wife. Cf. Hussy a
housewife, Housewife.] [Written also housewife.] 1. A female
housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs; a thirfty woman.
"The bounteous huswife Nature." Shak.

    The huswife is she that do labor doth fall.


Tusser.

2. A worthless woman; a hussy. [Obs.] Shak.

3. [See Hussy a bag.] A case for sewing materials. See Housewife.
Cowper.

Hus"wife, v. t. To manage with frugality; -- said of a woman. Dryden.

Hus"wife*ly, a. Like a huswife; capable; economical; prudent. -- adv.
In a huswifely manner.

Hus"wife*ry (?), n. The business of a housewife; female domestic
economy and skill. Tusser.

Hut (?), n. [OE. hotte; akin to D. hut, G. h¸tte, OHG. hutta, Dan.
hytte, Sw. hydda; and F. hutte, of G. origin; all akin to E. hide to
conceal. See Hude to conceal.] A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean
lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary structure.

    Death comes on with equal footsteps To the hall and hut


. Bp. Coxe.

Hutch (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hutting.] To place in huts; to live in huts; as, to hut troops in
winter quarters.

    The troops hutted among the heights of Morristown.


W. Irving.

Hutch (?), n. [OE. hucche, huche, hoche, F. huche, LL. hutica.] 1. A
chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which things may be
stored, or animals kept; as, a grain hutch; a rabbit hutch.

2. A measure of two Winchester bushels.

3. (Mining) The case of a flour bolt.

4. (Mining) (a) A car on low wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine
and hoisted out of the pit. (b) A jig for washing ore.

Bolting hutch, Booby hutch, etc. See under Bolting, etc.

Hutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hutched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hutching.] 1.
To hoard or lay up, in a chest. [R.] "She hutched the . . . ore."
Milton.

2. (Mining) To wash (ore) in a box or jig.

Hutch`un*so"ni*an (?), n. A follower of John Hutchinson of Yorkshire,
England, who believed that the Hebrew Scriptures contained a complete
system of natural science and of theology.

Hut*to"ni*an (?), a. Relating to what is now called the Plutonic theory
of the earth, first advanced by Dr. James Hutton. Lyell.

Hux"ter (?), n. & v. i. See Huckster.

Huy*ghe"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Christian
Huyghens, a Dutch astronomer of the seventeenth century; as, the
Huyghenian telescope.

Huyghenian eyepieceSee under Eyepiece.

Huzz (?), v. i. [An onomatopúa. &radic;43. Cf. Buzz.] To buzz; to
murmur. [Obs.]

    Huzzing and burring in the preacher's ear.


Latimer.

Huz*za" (?), interj. [Cf. G. hussa, husa, interj., hurrah, huzza.
&radic;43. Cf. Hurrah.] A word used as a shout of joy, exultation,
approbation, or encouragement.

Huz"za, n. A shout of huzza; a cheer; a hurrah.

    They made a great huzza or shout.


Evelyn.

Huz*za", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huzzaed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huzzaing.] To
shout huzza; to cheer.

Huz*za", v. t. To receive or attend with huzzas.

    He was huzzaed into the court.


Addison.

Hy (?), a. High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hy"a*cine (?), n. A hyacinth. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hy"a*cinth (?), n. [L. hyacinthus a kind of flower, prob. the iris,
gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire; as, a
proper name, Hyacinthus, a beautiful Laconian youth, beloved by Apollo,
fr. Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. hyacinthe. Cf. Jacinth. The hyacinth was
fabled to have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus, who was
accidentally slain by Apollo.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A bulbous plant of the
genus Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. H.
orientalis is a common variety. (b) A plant of the genus Camassia (C.
Farseri), called also Eastern camass; wild hyacinth. (c) The name also
given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which
produces white, and another blue, flowers; -- called also, from a
mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru.

2. (Min.) A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See Zircon.

Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing leguminous plant (Dolichos Lablab),
related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.

Hy`a*cin"thi*an (?), a. Hyacinthine. [R.]

Hy`a*cin"thine (?), a. [L. hyacinthinus, Gr. &?;.] Belonging to the
hyacinth; resembling the hyacinth; in color like the hyacinth. Milton.

    His curling locks like hyacinthine flowers.


Cowper.

    The hyacinthine boy, for whom Morn well might break and April
    bloom.


Emerson.

{ Hy"a*des (?), Hy"ads (?), } n. pl. [L. Hyades, Gr. &?;.] (Astron.) A
cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus, supposed
by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather when they rose
with the sun.

    Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades Vext the dim sea.


Tennyson.

Hy*Ê"na (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Hyena.

||Hy*a"le*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; glassy, fr. "y`alos glass.]
||(Zoˆl.) A pteropod of the genus Cavolina. See Pteropoda, and
||Illustration in Appendix.

Hy`a*les"cence (?), n. [See Hyaline.] The process of becoming, or the
state of being, transparent like glass.

Hy"a*line (?), a. [L. hyalinus, Gr. &?;, fr. "y`alos glass: cf. F.
hyalin.] Glassy; resembling glass; consisting of glass; transparent,
like crystal. "Hyaline spaces." Carpenter.

Hy"a*line, n. 1. A poetic term for the sea or the atmosphere. "The
clear hyaline, the glassy sea." Milton.

    Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm hyaline.


Mrs. Browning.

2. (Biol.) The pellucid substance, present in cells in process of
development, from which, according to some embryologists, the cell
nucleus originates.

3. (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent of the walls of hydatid cysts;
a nitrogenous body, which, by decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate
sugar, susceptible of alcoholic fermentation. Gamgee.

Hy"a*lite (?), n. [Gr. "y`alos glass: cf. F. hyalite.] (Min.) A
pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum or
resin; -- called also M¸ller's glass.

Hy*al"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. "y`alos glass + graph.] An instrument for
tracing designs on glass.

Hy`a*log"ra*phy (?), n. Art of writing or engraving on glass.

Hy"a*loid (?), a. [Gr. &?; glassy, transparent; "y`alos glass + &?;
appearance: cf. F. hyaloÔde.] (Anat.) Resembling glass; vitriform;
transparent; hyaline; as, the hyaloid membrane, a very delicate
membrane inclosing the vitreous humor of the eye.

||Hy`a*lo*ne"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`alos glass + &?; a thread.]
||(Zoˆl.) A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem
||composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres twisted
||together like the strands of a color. The stem of the Japanese
||species (H. Sieboldii), called glass-rope, has long been in use as an
||ornament. See Glass-rope.

Hy*al"o*phane (?), n. [Gr. "y`alos glass + &?; to appear.] (Min.) A
species of the feldspar group containing barium. See Feldspar.

||Hy`a*lo*spon"gi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`alos glass + &?; a
||sponge.] (Zoˆl.) An order of vitreous sponges, having glassy
||six-rayed, siliceous spicules; -- called also HexactinellinÊ.

Hy*al"o*type (?), n. [Gr. "y`alos glass + -type.] A photographic
picture copied from the negative on glass; a photographic transparency.
R. Hunt.

{ Hy*ber"na*cle (?), Hy"ber*nate (?), Hy`ber*na"tion (?). } See
Hibernacle, Hibernate, Hibernation.

Hy*blÊ"an (?), a. [L. Hyblaeus.] Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient town
of Sicily, famous for its bees.

Hyb"o*dont (?), a. [Gr. &?; hump + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Paleon.) Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks (Hybodus),
especially in the form of the teeth, which consist of a principal
median cone with smaller lateral ones.

||Hyb"o*dus (?), n. [NL. See Hybodont.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
||sharks having conical, compressed teeth.

Hy"brid (?), n. [L. hybrida, hibrida, prob. allied to Gr. &?;
wantonness (as if unbridled, lawless, unnatural), perh. akin to Gr.
"ype`r over, E. over: cf. F. hybride.] (Biol.) The offspring of the
union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the
mixture of two species. See Mongrel.

Hy"brid, a. Produced from the mixture of two species; as, plants of
hybrid nature.

Hy"brid*ism (?), n. The state or quality of being hybrid.

Hy"brid*ist, n. One who hybridizes.

Hy*brid"i*ty (?), n. Hybridism.

Hy"brid*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being
subjected to a hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by
union with another species or stock.

    Hybridizable genera are rarer than is generally supposed, even in
    gardens where they are so often operated upon, under circumstances
    most favorable to the production of hybrids.


J. D. Hooker.

Hy`brid*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of hybridizing, or the state of being
hybridized.

Hy"brid*i`ze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hybridized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hybridizing (?).] To render hybrid; to produce by mixture of stocks.

Hy"brid*i`zer (?), n. One who hybridizes.

Hy"brid*ous (?), a. Same as Hybrid.

Hyd"age (?), n. (Law) A land tax. See Hidage.

Hy`dan*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydantoin.
See Glycoluric.

Hy*dan"to*in (?), n. [Hydrogen + allantion.] (Chem.) A derivative of
urea, C3H4N2O2, obtained from allantion, as a white, crystalline
substance, with a sweetish taste; -- called also glycolyl urea.

Hy"da*tid (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a watery vesicle under the upper
eyelid, fr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water: cf. F. hydatide.] (Zoˆl.) A
membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in
various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the
tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval
tapeworms, as Echinococcus and Cúnurus. See these words in the
Vocabulary.

Hydatid of Morgagni (Anat.), one of the small pedunculated bodies found
between the testicle and the head of the epididymis, and supposed to be
a remnant of the M¸llerian duct.

Hy*dat"i*form (?), a. [Hydatid + -form.] Resembling a hydatid.

Hy"da*toid (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water + -oid.] (Anat.)
Resembling water; watery; aqueous; hyaloid.

Hy"dr- (?). See under Hydro-.

Hy"dra (?), n.; pl. E. Hydras (#), L. HydrÊ (#). [L. hydra, Gr. "y`dra;
akin to "y`dwr water. See Otter the animal, Water.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A
serpent or monster in the lake or marsh of Lerna, in the Peloponnesus,
represented as having many heads, one of which, when cut off, was
immediately succeeded by two others, unless the wound was cauterized.
It was slain by Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster.

    Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire.


Milton.

2. Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having many sources; not to
be overcome by a single effort.

3. (Zoˆl.) Any small fresh-water hydroid of the genus Hydra, usually
found attached to sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker.

The body is a simple tube, having a mouth at one extremity, surrounded
by a circle of tentacles with which it captures its prey. Young hydras
bud out from the sides of the older ones, but soon become detached and
are then like their parent. Hydras are remarkable for their power of
repairing injuries; for if the body be divided in pieces, each piece
will grow into a complete hydra, to which fact the name alludes. The
zooids or hydranths of marine hydroids are sometimes called hydras.

4. (Astron.) A southern constellation of great length lying southerly
from Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.

Hy*drach"nid (?), n. [Hydr- + arachnid.] (Zoˆl.) An aquatic mite of the
genus Hydrachna. The hydrachnids, while young, are parasitic on
fresh-water mussels.

Hy*drac"id (?), n. [Hydr- + acid: cf. F. hydracide.] (Chem.) An acid
containing hydrogen; -- sometimes applied to distinguish acids like
hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like, which contain no oxygen, from
the oxygen acids or oxacids. See Acid.

Hy`dra*cryl"ic (?), a. [Hydr- + acrylic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an isomeric variety of lactic acid that breaks down into
acrylic acid and water.

Hy`drac*tin"i*an (?), n. [See Hydra, and Actinia.] (Zoˆl.) Any species
or marine hydroids, of the genus Hydractinia and allied genera. These
hydroids form, by their rootstalks, a firm, chitinous coating on shells
and stones, and esp. on spiral shells occupied by hermit crabs. See
Illust. of Athecata.

<! p. 716 !>

||Hy*drÊ"mi*a (h*dr"m*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + a"i^ma blood.]
||(Med.) An abnormally watery state of the blood; anÊmia.

Hy"dra*gogue (?), a. [L. hydragogus conveying off water, Gr. &?;;
"y`dwr water + &?; to lead: cf. F. hydragogue.] (Med.) Causing a
discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the body,
as in dropsy. -- n. A hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or
diuretic.

Hy*dram"ide (?), n. [Hydr- + -amide.] (Chem.) One of a group of
crystalline bodies produced by the action of ammonia on certain
aldehydes.

Hy*dram"ine (?), n. [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) One of a series of
artificial, organic bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by
the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both
of alcohol and amines.

Hy*dran"ge*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; vessel, capsule:
cf. F. hydrangÈe.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite
leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors.
H. hortensis, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.

Hy"drant (?), n. [Gr. &?; to irrigate, fr. "y`dwr water. See Hydra.] A
discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from
the mains of waterworks; a water plug.

Hy"dranth (?), n. [Hydra + Gr. &?; a flower.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
nutritive zooids of a hydroid colony. Also applied to the proboscis or
manubrium of a hydroid medusa. See Illust. of Hydroidea.

Hy*drar"go*chlo"ride (?), n. [Hydrargyrum + chloride.] (Chem.) A
compound of the bichloride of mercury with another chloride. [Obs.]

Hy*drar"gy*rate (?), a. Of or pertaining to mercury; containing, or
impregnated with, mercury. [R.]

Hy*drar"gy*rism (?), n. (Med.) A diseased condition produced by
poisoning with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism.

Hy*drar"gy*rum (-rm), n. [NL., fr. L. hydrargyrus, Gr. "ydra`rgyros;
"y`dwr water + 'a`rgyros silver.] (Chem.) Quicksilver; mercury.

||Hy`drar*thro"sis (?), n. [NL. See Hydro-, 1, and Arthrosis.] (Med.)
||An effusion of watery liquid into the cavity of a joint.

Hy*dras"tine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of the
golden seal (Hydrastis Canadensis), and extracted as a bitter, white,
crystalline substance. It is used as a tonic and febrifuge.

Hy"dra-taint`ed (?), a. Dipped in the gall of the fabulous hydra;
poisonous; deadly. Cowper.

Hy"drate (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. F. hydrate.] (Chem.) (a) A
compound formed by the union of water with some other substance,
generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts. (b) A
substance which does not contain water as such, but has its
constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be
eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl;
hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or
slaked lime.

Hy"drate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hydrating (?).] To form into a hydrate; to combine with water.

Hy"dra*ted (?), a. Formed into a hydrate; combined with water.

Hy*dra"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of becoming, or state of being, a
hydrate.

Water of hydration (Chem.), water chemically combined with some
substance to form a hydrate; -- distinguished from water of
crystallization.

Hy*drau"lic (?), a. [F. hydraulique, L. hydraulicus, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;,
a water organ; "y`dwr water + &?; flute, pipe. See Hydra.] Of or
pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting
by, water; as, an hydraulic clock, crane, or dock.

Hydraulic accumulator, an accumulator for hydraulic machinery of any
kind. See Accumulator, 2. -- Hydraulic brake, a cataract. See Cataract,
3. -- Hydraulic cement, a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime,
which will harden under water. -- Hydraulic elevator, a lift operated
by the weight or pressure of water. -- Hydraulic jack. See under Jack.
-- Hydraulic lime, quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and
used for cementing under water, etc. -- Hydraulic limestone, a
limestone which contains some clay, and which yields a quicklime that
will set, or form a firm, strong mass, under water. -- Hydraulic main
(Gas Works), a horizontal pipe containing water at the bottom into
which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for passing the gas
through water in order to remove ammonia. -- Hydraulic mining, a system
of mining in which the force of a jet of water is used to wash down a
bank of gold-bearing gravel or earth. [Pacific Coast] -- Hydraulic
press, a hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. -- Hydraulic
propeller, a device for propelling ships by means of a stream of water
ejected under water rearward from the ship. -- Hydraulic ram, a machine
for raising water by means of the energy of the moving water of which a
portion is to be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe d
shuts the valve at a, the momentum of the current thus suddenly checked
forces part of it into the air chamber b, and up the pipe c, its return
being prevented by a valve at the entrance to the air chamber, while
the dropping of the valve a by its own weight allows another rush
through the main pipe, and so on alternately. -- Hydraulic valve.
(Mach.) (a) A valve for regulating the distribution of water in the
cylinders of hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc. (b) (Gas Works) An
inverted cup with a partition dipping into water, for opening or
closing communication between two gas mains, the open ends of which
protrude about the water.

Hy*drau"lic*al (?), a. Hydraulic.

Hy*drau"li*con (?), n. [NL. See Hydraulic.] (Mus.) An ancient musical
instrument played by the action of water; a water organ. [Written also
hydraulis.]

Hy*drau"lics (?), n. [Cf. F. hydraulique.] That branch of science, or
of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water,
its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting
or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like.

As a science, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or the principles of
mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as a branch of
engineering, it consists in the practical application of the mechanics
of fluids to the control and management of water with reference to the
wants of man, including canals, waterworks, hydraulic machines, pumps,
water wheels, etc. Some writers treat hydraulics and hydrostatics as
subdivisions of hydrodynamics.

Hy"dra*zine (?), n. [Hydr- + azo- + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series
of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the
reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as, methyl hydrazine,
phenyl hydrazine, etc. They are derivatives of hydrazine proper,
H2N.NH2, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a
stable, colorless gas, with a peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it
forms distinct salts. Called also diamide, amidogen, (or more properly
diamidogen), etc.

Hy"dren*ceph"s*loid (?), a. [Hydrencephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Same as
Hydrocephaloid.

||Hy"dri*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) A water jar; esp.,
||one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles. Some
||of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this form.

Hy"dri*ad (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, of the water, fr. "y`dwr water.]
(Myth.) A water nymph.

Hy"dric (?), a. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing,
hydrogen; as, hydric oxide.

Hydric dioxide. (Chem.) See Hydrogen dioxide, under Hydrogen. -- Hydric
oxide (Chem.), water. -- Hydric sulphate (Chem.), hydrogen sulphate or
sulphuric acid.

Hy"dride (?), n. [Hydr- + ide.] (Chem.) A compound of the binary type,
in which hydrogen is united with some other element.

Hy"dri*form (?), a. [Hydra + -form.] (Zoˆl.) Having the form or
structure of a hydra.

||Hy*dri"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hydra.] (Zoˆl.) The group of hydroids
||to which the fresh-water hydras belong.

Hy*dri"o*date (?), n. [Cf. F. hydriodate.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Hydriodide.

Hy`dri*od"ic (?), a. [Hydr- + iodic: cf. F. hydriodique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid
produced by the combination of these elements.

Hydriodic acid (Chem.), a pungent, colorless gas, HI, usually prepared
as a solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also
hydrogen iodide.

Hy*dri"o*dide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydriodic acid with a base;
-- distinguished from an iodide, in which only the iodine combines with
the base.

{ Hy"dro- (?), Hy"dr-. } 1. A combining form from Gr. &?;, &?;, water
(see Hydra).

2. (Chem.) A combining form of hydrogen, indicating hydrogen as an
ingredient, as hydrochloric; or a reduction product obtained by
hydrogen, as hydroquinone.

Hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + barometer.] An instrument for
determining the depth of the sea water by its pressure.

Hy`dro*bil`i*ru"bin (?), n. [Hydro- , 2 + bilirubin.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.

||Hy`dro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + &?;
||gills.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive artificial division of gastropod
||mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with
||the Pulmonifera. -- Hy`dro*bran"chi*ate (#), a.

Hy`dro*bro"mate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrobromide.

Hy`dro*bro"mic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + bromic.] (Chem.) Composed of
hydrogen and bromine; as, hydrobromic acid.

Hydrobromic acid (Chem.), a colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, HBr,
usually collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric
acid, but is weaker and less stable. Called also hydrogen bromide.

Hy`dro*bro"mide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrobromic acid with a
base; -- distinguished from a bromide, in which only the bromine unites
with the base.

Hy`dro*car"bon (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbon.] (Chem.) A compound
containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also,
by extension, any of their derivatives.

Hydrocarbon burner, furnace, stove, a burner, furnace, or stove with
which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.

Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous (?), a. Of the nature, or containing,
hydrocarbons.

Hy`dro*car"bon*ate (?), n. (a) (Old Chem.) A hydrocarbon. [Obs.] (b)
(Chem.) A hydrous carbonate, as malachite.

Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbostyril.] (Chem.) A
white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C9H9NO, obtained from
certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline
and carbostyril.

Hy`dro*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Hydro- , 2 + carburet.] (Chem.) Carbureted
hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon. [Obs.]

Hy`dro*cau"lus (?), n.; pl. Hydrocauli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water
+ &?; a stalk.] (Zoˆl.) The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or
branched. See Illust. of Gymnoblastea and Hydroidea.

Hy`dro*cele (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; "y`dwr water + &?; tumor.] (Med.)
A collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the scrotum or
in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing the testicle
or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle.

Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic (?), a. Relating to, or connected with,
hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain.

Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid (?), a. [Hydrocephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling
hydrocephalus.

Hydrocephaloid affection (Med.), the group of symptoms which follow
exhausting diarrhea in young children, resembling those of acute
hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis.

Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous (?), a. Having hydrocephalus. "Hydrocephalous
offspring." G. Eliot.

Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; hydrocephalus; "y`dwr water
+ &?; head.] (Med.) An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the
cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the
brain. It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in
infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.

Hy`dro*chlo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrochloride.

Hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + chloric: cf. F. hydrochlorique.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as,
hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric.

Hydrochloric acid (Chem.), hydrogen chloride; a colorless, corrosive
gas, HCl, of pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities
in the soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It
has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a strong
solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is an
indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work. Called
also muriatic, &and; chlorhydric, acid.

Hy`dro*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a
base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with
the base.

||Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and Coral.] (Zoˆl.) A
||division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony
||coral, as Millepora and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life
||project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other
||hydroids. See Millepora.

Hy`dro*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) See Hydrocyanide.

Hy`dro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + anic: cf. F. hydrocyanique.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and
cyanogen.

Hydrocyanic acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HCN,
having a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most
deadly poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow
prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically
resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also prussic acid,
hydrogen cyanide, etc.

Hy`dro*cy"a*nide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a
base; -- distinguished from a cyanide, in which only the cyanogen so
combines.

{ Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic (?), Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al (?), } a. [Hydro-, 1 +
dynamic, - ical: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] Pertaining to, or derived
from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to
water power.

Hydrodynamic friction, friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid
in motion.

Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + dynamics: cf. F.
hydrodynamique.] That branch of the science of mechanics which relates
to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion
and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated
mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of
dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids.

The word is sometimes used as a general term, including both
hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics.
See Hydraulics.

Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamometer.] An instrument
to measure the velocity of a liquid current by the force of its impact.

Hy`dro-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + electric.] Pertaining to,
employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a
battery in which water or steam is used.

Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by Sir William
Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of
high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong
boiler, in which the steam is produced.

Hy`dro-ex*tract"or (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + extractor.] An apparatus for
drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a
centrifugal.

Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + ferricyanic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron,
and cyanogen; as, hydroferricyanic acid. See Ferricyanic.

Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + ferrocyanic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferrous iron,
and cyanogen; as, hydroferrocyanic acid. See Ferrocyanic.

Hy`dro*flu"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid
and a base; a fluoride. [Archaic]

Hy`dro*flu*or"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 2 + fluoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; as, hydrofluoric
acid.

Hydrofluoric acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF,
very corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent, suffocating
odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and
is usually collected as a solution in water. It attacks all silicates,
as glass or porcelain, is the agent employed in etching glass, and is
preserved only in vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or
gutta-percha.

<! p. 717 !>

Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hydrofluosilic acid;
a silicofluoride. See Silicofluoride.

Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + fluorine + silicic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double
fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See Silicofluoric.

Hy`dro*gal*van"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + galvanic.] Pertaining to,
produced by, or consisting of, electricity evolved by the action or use
of fluids; as, hydrogalvanic currents. [R.]

Hy"dro*gen (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -gen: cf. F. hydrogËne. So called
because water is generated by its combustion. See Hydra.] (Chem.) A
gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known
substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its
use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than
water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many
other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It
may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of
acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very
inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is
standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of
valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.

Although a gas, hydrogen is chemically similar to the metals in its
nature, having the properties of a weak base. It is, in all acids, the
base which is replaced by metals and basic radicals to form salts. Like
all other gases, it is condensed by great cold and pressure to a liquid
which freezes and solidifies by its own evaporation. It is absorbed in
large quantities by certain metals (esp. palladium), forming alloy-like
compounds; hence, in view of quasi-metallic nature, it is sometimes
called hydrogenium. It is the typical reducing agent, as opposed to
oxidizers, as oxygen, chlorine, etc.

Bicarbureted hydrogen, an old name for ethylene. -- Carbureted hydrogen
gas. See under Carbureted. -- Hydrogen dioxide, a thick, colorless
liquid, H2O2, resembling water, but having a bitter, sour taste,
produced by the action of acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into
water and oxygen, and is manufactured in large quantities for an
oxidizing and bleaching agent. Called also oxygenated water. --
Hydrogen oxide, a chemical name for water, H&?;O. -- Hydrogen sulphide,
a colorless inflammable gas, H2S, having the characteristic odor of bad
eggs, and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action
of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical reagent.
Called also sulphureted hydrogen.

Hy"dro*gen*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hydrogenating (?).] (Chem.) To hydrogenize.

Hy`dro*gen*a"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of combining with hydrogen,
or the state of being so combined.

Hy"dro*gen*ide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound containing hydrogen; a
hydride. [R.] See Hydride.

Hy`dro*ge"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Hydrogen; -- called
also in view of its supposed metallic nature. Graham.

Hy"dro*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hydrogenizing (?).] (Chem.) To combine with hydrogen; to treat with,
or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with
oxidize.

Hy*drog"e*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing
hydrogen.

Hy*drog"no*sy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; knowledge.] A treatise upon,
or a history and description of, the water of the earth.

Hy"drog*ode (?), n. [Hydrogen + Gr. &?; way. path.] (Elec.) The
negative pole or cathode. [R.]

Hy*drog"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in the hydrography; one who
surveys, or draws maps or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters,
with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters.
Boyle.

{ Hy`dro*graph"ic (?), Hy`dro*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Of or relating to
hydrography.

Hy*drog"ra*phy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -graphy: cf. F. hydrographie.] 1.
The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other
waters, with their phenomena.

2. That branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the
contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth of
soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the construction
of charts exhibiting these particulars.

Hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) A hydride. [Obs.]

Hy"droid (?), a. [Hydra + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Related to, or resembling,
the hydra; of or pertaining to the Hydroidea. -- n. One of the
Hydroideas.

||Hy*droi"de*a, n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and -oid.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive
||order of Hydrozoa or AcalephÊ. [Written also Hydroida.]

This order includes the hydras and the free-swimming hydromedusÊ,
together with a great variety of marine attached hydroids, many of
which grow up into large, elegantly branched forms, consisting of a
vast number of zooids (hydranths, gonophores, etc.), united by hollow
stems. All the zooids of a colony are produced from one primary zooid,
by successive buddings. The Siphonophora have also been included in
this order by some writers. See Gymnoblastea, Hydromedusa, Gonosome,
Gonotheca.

Hy`dro*ki*net"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + kinetic.] Of or pertaining to
the motions of fluids, or the forces which produce or affect such
motions; -- opposed to hydrostatic. Sir W. Thomson.

Hy`dro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrology.

Hy*drol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in hydrology.

Hy*drol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -logy: cf. F. hydrologie.] The
science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the
earth's surface.

Hy`dro*lyt"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to loose.] (Chem.) Tending
to remove or separate water; eliminating water.

    Hydrolytic agents, such as sulphuric acid or caustic alkali.


Encyc. Brit.

Hydrolytic ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, enzyme, or chemical
ferment, which acts only in the presence of water, and which causes the
substance acted upon to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of
malt, ptyalin of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert
starch by hydration into dextrin and sugar. Nearly all of the digestive
ferments are hydrolytic in their action.

Hy`dro*mag"ne*site (h`dr*mg"n*st), n. [Hydro-, 1 + magnesite.] (Min.) A
hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, earthy, amorphous
masses.

Hy"dro*man`cy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -mancy: cf. F. hydromancie.]
Divination by means of water, -- practiced by the ancients.

Hy`dro*man"tic (?), a. [Cf. F. hydromantique.] Of or pertaining to
divination by water.

Hy`dro*me*chan"ics (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + mechanics.] That branch of
physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of
equilibrium and of motion.

||Hy`dro*me*du"sa (?), n.; pl. HydromedusÊ (#). [NL. See Hydra, and
||Medusa.] (Zoˆl.) Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding
||from a hydroid. They are called also Craspedota, and naked-eyed
||medusÊ.

Such medusÊ are the reproductive zooids or gonophores, either male or
female, of the hydroid from which they arise, whether they become free
or remain attached to the hydroid colony. They in turn produce the eggs
from which the hydroids are developed. The name is also applied to
other similar medusÊ which are not known to bud from a hydroid colony,
and even to some which are known to develop directly from the eggs, but
which in structure agree essentially with those produced from hydroids.
See Hydroidea, and Gymnoblastea.

Hy"dro*mel (?), n. [L. hydromel, hydromeli, Gr. &?;; &?; water + &?;
honey: cf. F. hydromel.] A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water,
and after fermentation called mead.

Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic (?), a. See Cyamellone.

Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy;
involving the use of liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of
ores. -- Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly, adv.

Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + metallurgy.] The art or
process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents.

Hy`dro*me"te*or (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + meteor.] A meteor or atmospheric
phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; -- in the pl., a general
term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow,
hail, etc. Nichol.

Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds, storms, etc.

Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + meteorology.] That branch
of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere,
or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc.

Hy*drom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -meter: cf. F. hydromËtre.] 1.
(Physics) An instrument for determining the specific gravities of
liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions,
etc.

It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem, and indicates the
specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to which it sinks in it, the
zero of the scale marking the depth to which it sinks in pure water.
Extra weights are sometimes used to adapt the scale to liquids of
different densities.

2. An instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the
velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc.,
and called by various specific names according to its construction or
use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometer, pendulum, etc.; a current
gauge.

{ Hy`dro*met"ric (?), Hy`dro*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
hydromËtrique.] 1. Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the
determination of the specific gravity of fluids.

2. Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc., of
running water.

3. Made by means of an hydrometer; as, hydrometric observations.

Hydrometric pendulum, a species of hydrometer consisting of a hollow
ball of ivory or metal suspended by a treated from the center of a
graduated quadrant, and held in a stream to measure the velocity of the
water by the inclination given to the thread; a kind of current gauge.

Hy`dro*met"ro*graph (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + Gr. &?; measure + -graph.] An
instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water
discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.

Hy*drom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. hydromËtrique.] 1. The art of determining
the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous
liquors, saline solutions, etc.

2. The art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of
running water, as in rivers, etc.

Hy`dro*mi"ca (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + mica.] (Min.) A variety of potash
mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite.

Hydromica schist (Min.), a mica schist characterized by the presence of
hydromica. It often has a silky luster and almost soapy feel.

||Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis (?), n. [NL., Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; a kidney.]
||(Med.) An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney,
||occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.

Hy"dro*path (?), n. [Cf. F. hydropathe.] A hydropathist.

{ Hy`dro*path"ic (?), Hy`dro*path"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
hydropathy.

Hy*drop"a*thist (?), n. One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure
doctor.

Hy*drop"a*thy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?;, &?;, to suffer.] The water
cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of
pure water, both internally and externally.

||Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [NL. See Hydro-, and Peritoneum.]
||(Med.) Same as Ascites.

Hy"dro*phane (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to show, appear: cf. F.
hydrophane.] (Min.) A semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes
translucent or transparent on immersion in water.

Hy*droph"a*nous (?), a. (Min.) Made transparent by immersion in water.

Hy"dro*phid (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; a small serpent.] (Zoˆl.) Any
sea snake of the genus Hydrophys and allied genera. These snakes are
venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming.

Hy`dro*phlo"rone (?), n. [Hydro- , 2 + phlorone.] (Chem.) A white,
crystalline benzene derivative, C8H10O2, obtained by the reduction of
phlorone.

Hy`dro*pho"bi*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; "y`dwr water + &?; fear: cf.
F. hydrophobie.] (Med.) (a) An abnormal dread of water, said to be a
symptom of canine madness; hence: (b) The disease caused by a bite
form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the
chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and construction in the throat,
causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex
excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to
swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water;
rabies; canine madness. [Written also hydrophoby.]

Hy`dro*phob"ic (?), a. [L. hydrophobicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F.
hydrophobique.] Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by
rabies; as, hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic poison.

Hy"dro*pho`by (?), n. See Hydrophobia.

||Hy*droph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; to bear.]
||(Zoˆl.) The Hydroidea.

Hy"dro*phore (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; to bear.] An instrument
used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired
depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.

||Hy`dro*phyl"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrophyllia (#), E. Hydrophylliums
||(#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + &?; a leaf.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
||flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain
||Siphonophora.

Hy"dro*phyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; + &?; plant: cf. F. hydrophyte.] An
aquatic plant; an alga.

Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-  + phyte + -logy.] The branch of
botany which treats of water plants.

{ Hy*drop"ic (?), Hy*drop"ic*al (?), } a. [L. hydropicus, Gr. &?;: cf.
F. hydropique. See Dropsy.] Dropsical, or resembling dropsy.

    Every lust is a kind of hydropic distemper, and the more we drink
    the more we shall thirst.


Tillotson.

Hy*drop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hydropical manner.

||Hy"dro*pi`per (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + L. piper a
||pepper.] (Bot.) A species (Polygonum Hydropiper) of knotweed with
||acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed.

Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Hydro- , 1 + pneumatic: cf. F.
hydropneumatique.] Pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and
gaseous substances; as, hydropneumatic apparatus for collecting gases
over water or other liquids.

Hy"drop`sy (?), n. Same as Dropsy.

Hy"dro*pult (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to hurl.] A machine for
throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a fire extinguisher,
etc.

Hy`dro*qui"none (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + quinone.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, obtained by the reduction of quinone.
It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and
resorcin. Called also dihydroxy benzene.

||Hy`dro*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. L. HydrorhizÊ (#), E. Hydrorhizas (#).
||[NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; a root.] (Zoˆl.) The rootstock or
||decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. See
||Illust. under Hydroidea.

Hy"dro*salt` (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + salt.] (Chem.) (a) A salt supposed to
be formed by a hydracid and a base. (b) An acid salt. [R.] (c) A
hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or
crystallization.

<! p. 718 !>

Hy"dro*scope (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -scope.] 1. An instrument designed to
mark the presence of water, especially in air. Weale.

2. A kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the water
tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube.

{ Hy"dro*some (?), ||Hy`dro*so"ma (?) }, n. [NL. hydrosoma. See Hydra,
and -some body.] (Zoˆl.) All the zooids of a hydroid colony
collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and
often other kinds.

Hy`dro*sor"bic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + sorbic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up
hydrogen; as, hydrosorbic acid.

Hy"dro*stat (?), n. A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion
of steam boilers.

{ Hy`dro*stat"ic (?), Hy`dro*stat"ic*al (?), } a. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?;
causing to stand: cf. F. hydrostatique. See Static.] Of or relating to
hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of
the equilibrium of fluids.

    The first discovery made in hydrostatics since the time of
    Archimedes is due to Stevinus.


Hallam.

Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing substances in water, for
the purpose of ascertaining their specific gravities. -- Hydrostatic
bed, a water bed. -- Hydrostatic bellows, an apparatus consisting of a
water-tight bellowslike case with a long, upright tube, into which
water may be poured to illustrate the hydrostatic paradox. --
Hydrostatic paradox, the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity
of water, however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight,
however great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all
directions. -- Hydrostatic press, a machine in which great force, with
slow motion, is communicated to a large plunger by means of water
forced into the cylinder in which it moves, by a forcing pump of small
diameter, to which the power is applied, the principle involved being
the same as in the hydrostatic bellows. Also called hydraulic press,
and Bramah press. In the illustration, a is a pump with a small plunger
b, which forces the water into the cylinder c, thus driving upward the
large plunder d, which performs the reduced work, such as compressing
cotton bales, etc.

Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic
principles. Bentley.

Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian (?), n. One who is versed or skilled in
hydrostatics. [R.]

Hy`dro*stat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. hydrostatique.] (Physics) The branch of
science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic
fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to
water and other liquids.

Hy`dro*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrosulphurent.

Hy`dro*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of compounds, derived
from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a
base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The
hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the
mercaptans.

Hy`dro*sul"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A saline compound of hydrosulphurous
acid and a base. [R.]

Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrosulphide. [Archaic]

Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Combined with hydrogen sulphide.

Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Hydro- , 2 + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as, hydrosulphuric acid, a
designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.

Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an
acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See Hyposulphurous
acid, under Hyposulphurous.

Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of
hydrotelluric acid and the base.

Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric (?), a. [Hydro- , 2 + telluric.] (Chem.) Formed by
hydrogen and tellurium; as, hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride.

||Hy`dro*the"ca (?), n.; pl. L. HydrothecÊ (#), E. Hydrothecas (#).
||[NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; a box.] (Zoˆl.) One of the calicles
||which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora), protect the hydrants. See
||Illust. of Hydroidea, and Campanularian.

Hy`dro*ther"a*py (?), n. [Hydro- , 1 + therapy.] (Med.) See Hydropathy.

Hy`dro*ther"mal (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + thermal.] Of or pertaining to hot
water; -- used esp. with reference to the action of heated waters in
dissolving, redepositing, and otherwise producing mineral changes
within the crust of the globe.

Hy`dro*tho"rax (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + thorax.] (Med.) An accumulation of
serous fluid in the cavity of the chest.

Hy*drot"ic (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. Gr. &?; moisture, F.
hydrotique.] Causing a discharge of water or phlegm. -- n. (Med.) A
hydrotic medicine.

Hy*drot"ic*al (?), a. Hydrotic.

Hy"dro*trope (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. &?; to turn, direct.] A device
for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer.

Hy`dro*trop"ic (?), a. [See Hydrotrope.] (Bot.) Turning or bending
towards moisture, as roots.

Hy*drot"ro*pism (?), n. (Bot.) A tendency towards moisture.

Hy"drous (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr water.] 1. Containing water; watery.

2. (Chem.) Containing water of hydration or crystallization.

Hy`dro*xan"thane (?), n. (Chem.) A persulphocyanate. [Obs.]

Hy`dro*xan"thic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + xanthic.] (Chem.) Persulphocyanic.

Hy*drox"ide (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + oxide.] (Chem.) A hydrate; a substance
containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide,
and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as
compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical;
as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.

Hy*drox"y- (?). (Chem.) A combining form, also used adjectively,
indicating hydroxyl as an ingredient.

Hydroxy acid (Chem.), an organic acid, having (besides the hydroxyl
group of the carboxyl radical) an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus
having the qualities of an alcohol in addition to its acid properties;
as, lactic and tartaric acids are hydroxy acids.

Hy*drox"yl (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound
radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen
and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the
alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.

Hy*drox`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous,
organic base, NH2.OH, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified
reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a volatile,
unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong reducing agent.

||Hy`dro*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. &?; an animal.]
||(Zoˆl.) The AcalephÊ; one of the classes of cúlenterates, including
||the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora.

Hy`dro*zo"al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Hydrozoa.

||Hy`dro*zo"ˆn (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrozoa (#), E. Hydrozoˆns (#). [NL.]
||(Zoˆl.) One of the Hydrozoa.

Hy"dru*ret (?), n. [Hydro-, 2] (Chem.) A binary compound of hydrogen; a
hydride. [Obs.]

||Hy"drus (?), n. [L., a water serpent; also, a certain constellation,
||Gr. "y`dros.] (Astron.) A constellation of the southern hemisphere,
||near the south pole.

Hye (?), n. & v. See Hie. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hy*e"mal (?), a. [L. hyemalis, or better hiemalis, fr. hyems, hiems,
winter: cf. F. hyÈmal.] Belonging to winter; done in winter. Sir T.
Browne.

Hy"e*mate (?), v. i. [L. hiemare, hiematum. See Hyemal.] To pass the
winter. [Obs. & R.]

Hy`e*ma"tion (?), n. [L. hiematio.] 1. The passing of a winter in a
particular place; a wintering.

2. The act of affording shelter in winter. [Obs.]

Hy"en (?), n. [F. hyËne.] A hyena. [Obs.] Shak.

Hy*e"na (?), n.; pl. Hyenas (#). [L. hyaena, Gr. &?;, orig., a sow, but
usually, a Libyan wild beast, prob., the hyena, fr. &?; hog: cf. F.
hyËne. See Sow female hog.] (Zoˆl.) Any carnivorous mammal of the
family HyÊnidÊ, of which three living species are known. They are large
and strong, but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are
nocturnal in their habits. [Written also hyÊna.]

The striped hyena (HyÊna striata) inhabits Southern Asia and a large
part of Africa. The brown hyena (H. brunnea), and the spotted hyena
(Crocuta maculata), are found in Southern Africa. The extinct cave
hyena (H. spelÊa) inhabited England and France.

Cave hyena. See under Cave. -- Hyena dog (Zoˆl.), a South African
canine animal (Lycaon venaticus), which hunts in packs, chiefly at
night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with very large, erect ears,
and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or yellowish brown, blotched
with black and white. Called also hunting dog.

Hy"e*tal (?), a. [Gr. &?; rain, from &?; to rain.] Of or pertaining to
rain; descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy regions.

Hy"e*to*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; rain + -graph.] A chart or graphic
representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of
the earth.

Hy`e*to*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to to hyetography.

Hy`e*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The branch of physical science which treats of
the geographical distribution of rain.

Hy*ge"ia (?), n. [L. Hygea, Hygia, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, health, &?;,
Hygeia, fr. &?; sound, healthy.] (Classic Myth.) The goddess of health,
daughter of Esculapius.

Hy*ge"ian (?), a. Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or
pertaining to health, or its preservation.

Hy"ge*ist (?), n. One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist.

Hy"gie*ist (?), n. A hygienist.

Hy"gi*ene (?), n. [F. hygiËne. See Hygeia.] That department of sanitary
science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households
and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the
promotion of health.

Hy`gi*en"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hygiÈnique.] Of or pertaining to health or
hygiene; sanitary.

Hy`gi*en"ics, n. The science of health; hygiene.

Hy"gi*en*ism (?), n. Hygiene.

Hy"gi*en*ist, n. One versed in hygiene.

Hy`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; health + -logy.] A treatise on, or the
science of, the preservation of health. [R.]

Hy"grine (?), n. [From Gr. &?; moist.] (Chem.) An alkaloid associated
with cocaine in coca leaves (Erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a
thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.

Hy"gro*deik (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet, moist, and &?; to show.] (Physics) A
form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an
adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the
air, etc.

Hy"gro*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + -graph.] (Physics) An instrument
for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the
atmosphere.

Hy*grol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + -logy: cf. F. hygrologie.] (Med.)
The science which treats of the fluids of the body.

Hy*grom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet, moist + -meter: cf. F. hygromËtre.]
(Physics) An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the
atmosphere.

Daniell's hygrometer, a form of hygrometer consisting of a bent glass
tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with muslin, the other
of black glass, and containing ether and a thermometer. Ether being
poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the
ether within, is soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed
thermometer gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of
one in the air, determines the humidity.

{ Hy`gro*met"ric (?), Hy`gro*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
hygromÈtrique.] 1. Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or
according to, the hygrometer; as, hygrometric observations.

2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as, hygrometric
substances, like potash.

Hy*grom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. hygromÈtrie.] (Physics) That branch of
physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies,
particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the
instruments constructed for this purpose.

Hy*groph"a*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; wet + &?; to show.] Having such a
structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.

Hy`groph*thal"mic (?), a. [Gr. &?; wet + E. ophthalmic.] (Anat.)
Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the lachrymal
ducts.

Hy"gro*plasm (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + &?; form, mold.] (Biol.) The fluid
portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to stereoplasm, the solid
or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and
partly composed of idioplasm.

Hy"gro*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + -scope: cf. F. hygroscope.]
(Physics) An instrument which shows whether there is more or less
moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.

Hy`gro*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hygroscopique.] 1. Of or pertaining to,
or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses,
but capable of detection by the hygroscope; as, glass is often covered
with a film of hygroscopic moisture.

2. Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the
atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as
glass, etc.

Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty (?), n. (Bot.) The property possessed by vegetable
tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to
circumstances.

Hy`gro*stat"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?; wet + &?;. See Statics.] The science
or art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture. Evelyn.

Hyke (?), n. See Haik, and Huke.

{ Hy"lÊ*o*saur` (?), ||Hy`lÊ*o*sau"rus (?), } n. [NL. hylaeosaurus, fr.
Gr. &?; belonging to a forest (fr. &?; wood) + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.)
A large Wealden dinosaur from the Tilgate Forest, England. It was about
twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and armed with
spines.

Hy*lar"chi*cal (?), a. [Gr. &?; wood, matter + &?;: cf. F. hylarchique.
See Archical.] Presiding over matter. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Hy"le*o*saur" (?), n. Same as HylÊosaur.

Hyl"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; as,
hylic influences.

Hy"li*cist (?), n. [Gr. &?; adj., material, fr. &?; wood, matter.] A
philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches
hylism.

<! p. 719 !>

Hy"lism (?), n. [Gr. &?; wood, matter.] (Metaph.) A theory which
regards matter as the original principle of evil.

Hy"lo*bate (?), n. [Gr. &?; one that walks or inhabits the woods: &?; a
wood + &?; to go.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of the genus Hylobates; a
gibbon, or long-armed ape. See Gibbon.

||Hy*lo"des (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; woody, wooded, muddy; &?; a wood
||+ &?; form.] (Zoˆl.) The piping frog (Hyla Pickeringii), a small
||American tree frog, which in early spring, while breeding in swamps
||and ditches, sings with high, shrill, but musical, notes.

Hy"lo*ism (?), n. Same as Hylotheism.

Hy"lo*ist, n. [Gr. &?; wood, matter.] Same as Hylotheist.

Hy*lop"a*thism (?), n. [Gr. &?; matter + &?;, &?;, to suffer.] The
doctrine that matter is sentient. Krauth-Fleming.

Hy*lop"a*thist (?), n. One who believes in hylopathism.

Hy*loph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?; wood + &?; to eat.] (Zoˆl.) Eating
green shoots, as certain insects do.

Hy"lo*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?; wood, matter + &?; God.] The doctrine of
belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and
the universe; pantheism. See Materialism.

Hy"lo*the*ist, n. One who believes in hylotheism.

Hy`lo*zo"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hylozoism.

Hy`lo*zo"ism (?), n. [Gr. &?; wood, matter + &?; life, fr. &?; to live:
cf. F. hylozoÔsme.] The doctrine that matter possesses a species of
life and sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable. [R.]
Cudworth.

Hy`lo*zo"ist, n. A believer in hylozoism. A. Tucker.

Hy*mar" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The wild ass of Persia.

Hy"men (?), n. [Gr. &?; skin, membrane.] (Anat.) A fold of muscous
membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal
membrane.

Hy"men, n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Class Myth.) A fabulous deity;
according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to others,
of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and presided over
nuptial solemnities.

    Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour, There dwelt no joy in
    Eden's rosy bower.


Campbell.

2. Marriage; union as if by marriage.

    Hymen of element and race.


Emerson.

{ Hy`me*ne"al (?), Hy`me*ne"an (?), } a. [L. hymeneius, a., also
Hymenaeus, n., Hymen, Gr. &?; the wedding song, also &?; Hymen: cf. F.
hymÈnÈal, hymÈnÈen.] Of or pertaining to marriage; as, hymeneal rites.
Pope.

{ Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, } n. A marriage song. Milton.

||Hy*me"ni*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hymenia (#), E. Hymeniums (#). [NL., fr.
||Gr. &?; a membrane.] (Bot.) The spore-bearing surface of certain
||fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.

Hy`me*nog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?; a membrane + root of &?; to be born.]
The production of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as
albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by
a thin film of the former.

||Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a membrane + &?;,
||&?;, a mushroom.] (Bot.) One of the great divisions of fungi,
||containing those species in which the hymenium is completely exposed.
||M. J. Berkley.

Hy*men"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?; a membrane + &?; to bear.] (Bot.) That
part of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.

Hy`me*nop"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. hymÈnoptËre.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
Hymenoptera.

||Hy`me*nop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; membrane-winged; &?;
||skin, membrane + &?; wing.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive order of insects,
||including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc.

They have four membranous wings, with few reticulations, and usually
with a thickened, dark spot on the front edge of the anterior wings. In
most of the species, the tongue, or lingua, is converted into an organ
for sucking honey, or other liquid food, and the mandibles are adapted
for biting or cutting. In one large division (Aculeata), including the
bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a sting,
which is only a modified ovipositor.

{ Hy`me*nop"ter*al (?), Hy`me*nop"ter*ous (?), } a. (Zoˆl.) Like, or
characteristic of, the Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera.

Hy`me*nop"ter*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Hymenoptera.

Hymn (hm), n. [OE. hympne, ympne, F. hymne, OF. also ymne, L. hymnus,
Gr. &?;; perh. akin to &?; web, &?; to weave, and so to E. weave.] An
ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious ode, a
sacred lyric; a song of praise or thanksgiving intended to be used in
religious service; as, the Homeric hymns; Watts' hymns.

    Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns.


Col. iii. 16.

    Where angels first should practice hymns, and string Their tuneful
    harps.


Dryden.

Hymn book, a book containing a collection of hymns, as for use in
churches; a hymnal.

Hymn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hymned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hymning (?).]
[Cf. L. hymnire, Gr. &?;.] To praise in song; to worship or extol by
singing hymns; to sing.

    To hymn the bright of the Lord.


Keble.

    Their praise is hymned by loftier harps than mine.


Byron.

Hymn, v. i. To sing in praise or adoration. Milton.

Hym"nal (?), n. A collection of hymns; a hymn book.

Hym"nic (?), a. [Cf. F. hymnique.] Relating to hymns, or sacred lyrics.
Donne.

Hymn"ing (?), a. Praising with hymns; singing. "The hymning choir." G.
West.

Hymn"ing, n. The singing of hymns. Milton.

Hym"nist (?), n. A writer of hymns.

Hym"no*dy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; a hymn + &?; a song, a singing.] Hymns,
considered collectively; hymnology.

Hym*nog"ra*pher (?), n. 1. One who writes on the subject of hymns.

2. A writer or composed of hymns.

Hym*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; hymn + graphy.] The art or act of
composing hymns.

Hym*nol"o*gist (?), n. A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in
hymnology. Busby.

Hym*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; hymn + -logy: cf. F. hymnologie.] 1. The
hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular country or
period; as, the hymnology of the eighteenth century; also, the
collective body of hymns used by any particular church or religious
body; as, the Anglican hymnology.

2. A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.

Hymp"ne (?), n. A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hynd"reste (?), a. See Hinderest. [Obs.]

Hyne (?), n. A servant. See Hine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hy"o- (?). [See Hyod.] A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting
connection with the hyoid bone or arch; as, hyoglossal, hyomandibular,
hyomental, etc.

||Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hyo-, and Canoidei.] (Zoˆl.) A
||division of ganoid fishes, including the gar pikes and bowfins. --
||Hy`o*ga"noid (#), a.

Hy`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Hyo- + Gr. &?; tongue.] (Anat.) (a) Pertaining
to or connecting the tongue and hyodean arch; as, the hyoglossal
membrane. (b) Of or pertaining to the hyoglossus muscle.

||Hy`o*glos"sus (?), n. [NL., fr. hyo- hyo- + Gr. glw^ssa tongue.]
||(Anat.) A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it
||with the hyoid bone.

Hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?; fr. the letter + &?; form: cf. F. hyoÔde.] 1.
Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon [].

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which
supports the tongue. Sometimes applied to the tongue itself.

Hyoid arch (Anat.), the arch of cartilaginous or bony segments, which
connects the base of the tongue with either side of the skull. -- Hyoid
bone (Anat.), the bone in the base of the tongue, the middle part of
the hyoid arch.

Hy"oid, n. The hyoid bone.

{ Hy*oid"e*al (?), Hy*oid"e*an (?), } a. Same as Hyoid, a.

Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar (?), a. [Hyo- + mandibular.] (Anat.) Pertaining both
to the hyoidean arch and the mandible or lower jaw; as, the
hyomandibular bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which
connects the lower jaw with the skull in fishes. -- n. The
hyomandibular bone or cartilage.

Hy`o*men"tal (?), a. [Hyo- + mental of the chin.] (Anat.) Between the
hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them; suprahyoid;
submaxillary; as, the hyomental region of the front of the neck.

Hy`o*pas"tron (?), n. [Hyo- + plastron.] (Zoˆl.) The second lateral
plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyosternum.

Hy*os"cine (?), n. [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found with
hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted
as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance.

Hy`os*cy"a*mine (?), n. [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in
henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and regarded as its active principle. It is
also found with other alkaloids in the thorn apple and deadly
nightshade. It is extracted as a white crystalline substance, with a
sharp, offensive taste. Hyoscyamine is isomeric with atropine, is very
poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like belladonna.
Called also hyoscyamia, duboisine, etc.

||Hy`os*cy"a*mus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; a sow, hog + &?; a
||bean.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of poisonous plants of the Nightshade
||family; henbane.

2. (Med.) The leaves of the black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), used in
neuralgic and pectorial troubles.

Hy`o*ster"nal (?), a. [Hyo- + ternal.] (Anat.) (a) Between the hyoid
bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as, the
hyosternal region of the neck. (b) Pertaining to the hyosternum of
turtles.

||Hy`o*ster"num (?), n. [Hyo- + sternum.] (Anat.) See Hyoplastron.

Hy`o*styl"ic (?), a. [Hyo- + Gr. &?; a pillar.] (Anat.) Having the
mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid
arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated with the skull as
in mammals; -- said of the skull.

Hyp (?), n. An abbreviation of hypochonaria; -- usually in plural.
[Colloq.]

    Heaven send thou hast not got the hyps.


Swift.

Hyp, v. t. To make melancholy. [Colloq.] W. Irving.

{ Hy*pÊ"thral, Hy*pe"thral (?) }, a. [L. hypaethrus in the open air,
uncovered, Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; ether, the clear sky.] (Arch.)
Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; -- applied to a building or part of
a building. Gwilt.

Hy*pal"la*ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, prop., interchange, exchange,
fr, &?; to interchange; &?; under + &?; to change.] (Gram.) A figure
consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects
to others. Thus Virgil says, "dare classibus austros," to give the
winds to the fleets, instead of dare classibus austris, to give the
fleets to the winds.

    The hypallage, of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is
    much the gravest fault in language.


Landor.

||Hy*pan"thi*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hypanthia (#), E. Hypanthiums (#).
||[NL., fr. Gr. "ypo beneath + 'a`nqos flower.] (Bot.) A fruit
||consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx,
||as in the Calycanthus, the rose hip, and the pear.

||Hy`pa*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hypapophyles (#). [NL. See Hypo-, and
||Apophysis.] (Anat.) A process, or other element, of a vertebra
||developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as hÊmal spines, and
||chevron bones. -- Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al (#), a.

Hy`par*te"ri*al (?), a. [Hypo- + arterial.] (Anat.) Situated below an
artery; applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off below the
point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.

Hy*pas"pist (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) A shield-bearer or
armor-bearer. Mitford.

Hy*pax"i*al (?), a. [Hypo- + axial.] (Anat.) Beneath the axis of the
skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.

hype v. t. 1. to publicize [e.g. a product or a future event]
insistently, in a manner exaggerating the importance of; to promote
flamboyantly. [wns=1] [WordNet 1.5]

2. To stimulate or excite (a person); -- usually used with up, and
often in the passive form; as, she was all hyped up over her upcoming
wedding. [PJC]

hype n. Intense publicity for a future event, performed in a showy or
excessively dramatic manner suggesting an importance not justified by
the event; as, the hype surrounding the superbowl is usually ludicrous.
[PJC]

Hy"per- (?). [Gr. "ype`r over, above; akin to L. super, E. over. See
Over, and cf. Super- .] 1. A prefix signifying over, above; as,
hyperphysical, hyperthyrion; also, above measure, abnormally great,
excessive; as, hyperÊmia, hyperbola, hypercritical, hypersecretion.

2. (Chem.) A prefix equivalent to super- or per-; as hyperoxide, or
peroxide. [Obs.] See Per-.

||Hy`per*Ê"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + a"i^ma blood.]
||(Med.) A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of
||the body.

Active hyperÊmia, congestion due to increased flow of blood to a part.
-- Passive hyperÊmia, interchange due to obstruction in the return of
blood from a part.

-- Hy`per*Ê"mic (#), a.

||Hy`per*Ês*the"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + &?; sense,
||perception.] (Med. & Physiol.) A state of exalted or morbidly
||increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it. --
||Hy`per*Ês*thet"ic (#), a.

||Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hyperapophyses (#). [NL. See Hyper-
||, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) A lateral and backward-projecting process
||on the dorsal side of a vertebra. - - Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al (#), a.

Hy`per*as"pist (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to cover with a shield; "ype`r
over + &?; shield.] One who holds a shield over another; hence, a
defender. [Obs.] Chillingworth.

Hy`per*bat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed;
inverted.

||Hy*per"ba*ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; transposed, fr. &?;
||to step over; "ype`r over + &?; to step.] (Gram.) A figurative
||construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or
||clauses; as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed."

    With a violent hyperbaton to transpose the text.


Milton.

Hy*per"bo*la (?), n. [Gr. &?;, prop., an overshooting, excess, i. e.,
of the angle which the cutting plane makes with the base. See
Hyperbole.] (Geom.) A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the
cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the
cone makes. It is a plane curve such that the difference of the
distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called foci, is
equal to a given distance. See Focus. If the cutting plane be produced
so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is
also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same
hyperbola. See Illust. of Conic section, and Focus.

Hy*per"bo*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr&?;, prop., an overshooting, excess,
fr. Gr. &?; to throw over or beyond; "ype`r over + &?; to throw. See
Hyper-, Parable, and cf. Hyperbola.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in
which the expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended
to be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater or
less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement exaggerated
fancifully, through excitement, or for effect.

    Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them extravagant
    hyperboles.


Blair.

    Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the hyperbole,
    that it lies without deceiving.


Macaulay.

{ Hy`per*bol"ic (?), Hy`per*bol"ic*al (?), } a. [L. hyperbolicus, Gr.
&?;: cf. F. hyperbolique.] 1. (Math.) Belonging to the hyperbola;
having the nature of the hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.) Relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole;
exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as,
an hyperbolical expression. "This hyperbolical epitaph." Fuller.

Hyperbolic functions (Math.), certain functions which have relations to
the hyperbola corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents,
etc., have to the circle; and hence, called hyperbolic sines,
hyperbolic cosines, etc. -- Hyperbolic logarithm. See Logarithm. --
Hyperbolic spiral (Math.), a spiral curve, the law of which is, that
the distance from the pole to the generating point varies inversely as
the angle swept over by the radius vector.

<! p. 720 !>

Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv. 1. (Math.) In the form of an hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.) With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than
the truth. Sir W. Raleigh.

Hy`per*bol"i*form (?), a. [Hyperbola + -form.] Having the form, or
nearly the form, of an hyperbola.

Hy*per"bo*lism (?), n. [Cf. F. hyperbolisme.] The use of hyperbole.
Jefferson.

Hy*per"bo*list (?), n. One who uses hyperboles.

Hy*per"bo*lize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hyperbolized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hyperbolizing (?).] [Cf. F. hyperboliser.] To speak or write with
exaggeration. Bp. Montagu.

Hy*per"bo*lize, v. t. To state or represent hyperbolically. Fotherby.

Hy*per"bo*loid (?), n. [Hyperbola + -oid: cf. F. hyperboloÔde.] (Geom.)
A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in
hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface.

Hyperboloid of revolution, an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola
revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets
when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when
the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.

Hy*per"bo*loid, a. (Geom.) Having some property that belongs to an
hyperboloid or hyperbola.

Hy`per*bo"re*an (?), a. [L. hyperboreus, Gr. &?;; "ype`r over, beyond +
&?;. See Boreas.] 1. (Greek Myth.) Of or pertaining to the region
beyond the North wind, or to its inhabitants.

2. Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north;
most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as, a hyperborean coast or
atmosphere.

    The hyperborean or frozen sea.


C. Butler (1633).

Hy`per*bo"re*an, n. 1. (Greek Myth.) One of the people who lived beyond
the North wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.

2. An inhabitant of the most northern regions.

Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Having an excessive proportion of
carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates. [Written
also hypercarburetted.]

Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic (?), a. [L. hypercatalecticus, hypercatalectus,
Gr. &?;: cf. F. hypercatalectique. See Hyper-, and Catalectic.] (Pros.)
Having a syllable or two beyond measure; as, a hypercatalectic verse.

Hy`per*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) See Perchloric.

Hy`per*chro"ma*tism (?), n. The condition of having an unusual
intensity of color.

Hy`per*crit"ic (?), n. [Pref. hyper-  + critic: cf. F. hypercritique.]
One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a
captious censor. "Hypercritics in English poetry." Dryden.

Hy`per*crit"ic, a. Hypercritical.

Hy`per*crit"ic*al (?), a. 1. Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly
critical; carping; captious. "Hypercritical readers." Swift.

2. Excessively nice or exact. Evelyn.

Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hypercritical manner.

Hy`per*crit"i*cise (?), v. t. To criticise with unjust severity; to
criticise captiously.

Hy`per*crit"i*cism (?), n. Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or
rigor of criticism; zoilism.

Hy`per*di*crot"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Excessive dicrotic; as, a
hyperdicrotic pulse.

Hy`per*di"cro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) A hyperdicrotic condition.

Hy`per*di"cro*tous (?), a. (Physiol.) Hyperdicrotic.

||Hy`per*du*li"a (?), n. [Pref. hyper- + dulia: cf. F. hyperdulie.] (R.
||C. Ch.) Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most
||exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia. Addis &
||Arnold.

Hy"per*du`ly (?), n. Hyperdulia. [Obs.]

Hy`per*es*the"si*a (?), n. Same as HyperÊsthesia.

||Hy*per"i*cum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; under, among + &?;,
||&?;, heath, heather.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, generally with dotted
||leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also St. John's-wort.

||Hy`per*i*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + &?;, &?;,
||strength, fiber.] (Med.) A condition of the blood, characterized by
||an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory
||diseases.

Hy*pe"ri*on (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Class Myth.) The god of the
sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished
for his beauty.

    So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr.


Shak.

||Hy`per*ki*ne"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + &?; motion.]
||(Med.) Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm.

Hy`per*ki*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis.

Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis (?), n. [Hyper- + metamorphosis.] (Zoˆl.) A
kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself
undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth.

Hy*per"me*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; beyond all measure; "ype`r over, beyond
+ &?; measure: cf. F. hypermËtre.] 1. (Pros.) A verse which has a
redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse.

2. Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard.

    When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an hypermeter.


Addison.

Hy`per*met"ric*al (?), a. Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the
common measure.

Hypermetrical verse (Gr. & Lat. Pros.), a verse which contains a
syllable more than the ordinary measure.

{ ||Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a (?), Hy`per*met"ro*py (?), } n. [NL.
hypermetropia, fr. Gr. &?; excessive + &?;, &?;, the eye. See
Hypermeter.] A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the
eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a
focus behind the retina; farsightedness; -- called also hyperopia. Cf.
Emmetropia.

In hypermetropia, vision for distant objects, although not better
absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the
individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use of
convex glasses.

-- Hy`per*me*trop"ic (#), a.

||Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; beyond + &?; countless
||+ &?; view.] A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or
||views.

||Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An order of marsipobranchs
||including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth;
||the nasal opening is in the middle of the head above, but it does not
||connect with the mouth. See Cyclostoma, and Lamprey.

||Hy`per*o"pi*a (h`pr*"p*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + 'w`ps,
||'wpo`s, the eye.] Hypermetropia. -- Hy`per*op"tic (#), a.

Hy`per*or*gan"ic (-Ùr*gn"k), a. [Pref. hyper- + organic.] Higher than,
or beyond the sphere of, the organic. Sir W. Hamilton.

Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y (?), n. Orthodoxy pushed to excess.

||Hy`per*o*tre"ta (h`pr**tr"t), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "yperw`,n the
||palate + trhto`s perforated.] (Zoˆl.) An order of marsipobranchs,
||including the Myxine or hagfish and the genus Bdellostoma. They have
||barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the palate, and a
||communication between the nasal aperture and the throat. See Hagfish.
||[Written also Hyperotreti.]

Hy`per*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound having a relatively large
percentage of oxygen; a peroxide. [Obs.]

{ Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted (?), Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized (?), } a. (Chem.)
Combined with a relatively large amount of oxygen; -- said of higher
oxides. [Obs.]

Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A perchlorate. [Obs.]

Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Perchloric; as,
hyperoxymuriatic acid. [Obs.]

Hy`per*phys"ic*al (?), a. Above or transcending physical laws;
supernatural.

    Those who do not fly to some hyperphysical hypothesis.


Sir W. Hamilton.

||Hy`per*pla"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + &?; conformation,
||fr. &?; to mold.] (Med. & Biol.) An increase in, or excessive growth
||of, the normal elements of any part.

Hyperplasia relates to the formation of new elements, hypertrophy being
an increase in bulk of preexisting normal elements. Dunglison.

Hy`per*plas"tic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.

2. (Biol.) Tending to excess of formative action.

||Hy`perp*nú"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype`r over + &?;, &?;, breath.]
||(Physiol.) Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient
||arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from eupnúa. See
||Eupnúa, and Dispnúa.

||Hy`per*py*rex"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Hyper-, and Pyrexia.] (Med.) A
||condition of excessive fever; an elevation of temperature in a
||disease, in excess of the limit usually observed in that disease.

Hy`per*se*cre"tion (?), n. (Med.) Morbid or excessive secretion, as in
catarrh.

Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. See HyperÊsthesia.

Hy"per*space (-sps), n. [Pref. hyper- + space.] (Geom.) An imagined
space having more than three dimensions.

Hy"per*sthene (h"pr*sthn), n. [Gr. "ype`r over + sqe`nos strength: cf.
F. hyperstËne.] (Min.) An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group,
of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a peculiar bronzelike
luster (schiller) on the cleavage surface.

Hy`per*sthen"ic (?), a. (Min.) Composed of, or containing, hypersthene.

Hy`per*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;; "ype`r over + tiqe`nai to place.]
Exaggerated; excessive; hyperbolical. [Obs.]

    Hyperthetical or superlative . . . expression.


Chapman.

||Hy`per*thyr"i*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; "ype`r over + &?; door.]
||(Arch.) That part of the architrave which is over a door or window.

{ Hy`per*troph"ic (?), Hy`per*troph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
hypertrophique.] (Med. & Biol.) Of or pertaining to hypertrophy;
affected with, or tending to, hypertrophy.

Hy*per"tro*phied (?), a. (Med. & Biol.) Excessively developed;
characterized by hypertrophy.

Hy*per"tro*phy (?), n. [Gr. "ype`r over, beyond + &?; nourishment, fr.
&?; to nourish: cf. F. hypertrophie.] (Med. & Biol.) A condition of
overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; -- the
opposite of atrophy.

||Hy"phÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "yfh` a web.] (Bot.) The long,
||branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater part of
||the plant) of a fungus is formed. They are also found enveloping the
||gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their structure.

Hy"phen (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; under one, into one,
together, fr. &?; under + &?;, neut. of &?; one. See Hypo-.] (Print.) A
mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line which
terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of which is carried
to the next line; or between the parts of many a compound word; as in
fine- leaved, clear-headed. It is also sometimes used to separate the
syllables of words.

Hy"phen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hyphened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hyphening.]
To connect with, or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of
a word.

Hy"phen*a`ted (?), a. United by hyphens; hyphened; as, a hyphenated or
hyphened word.

||Hy`pho*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a web + &?;, &?;, a
||mushroom.] (Bot.) One of the great division of fungi, containing
||those species which have naked spores borne on free or only
||fasciculate threads. M. J. Berkley.

Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + idiomorphic.] (Crystallog.)
Partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock a portion only of whose
constituents have a distinct crystalline form. --
Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic*al*ly (#), adv.

||Hyp`i*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; under + &?;, &?; strength,
||fiber.] (Med.) A diminution in the normal amount of fibrin present in
||the blood.

Hyp`na*gog"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; sleep + &?; a carrying away.] Leading to
sleep; -- applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep.

Hyp"no*bate (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. &?; sleep + &?; to go.] A
somnambulist. [R.]

Hyp"no*cyst (?), n. [Gr. &?; sleep + E. cyst.] (Biol.) A cyst in which
some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose themselves, from which
they emerge unchanged, after a period of drought or deficiency of food.
In some instances, a process of spore formation seems to occur within
such cysts.

Hyp`no*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; sleep + root of &?; to be born.]
(Physiol.) Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; as, the
so-called hypnogenic pressure points, pressure upon which is said to
cause an attack of hypnotic sleep. De Watteville.

Hyp*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in hypnology.

Hyp*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; sleep + -logy.] A treatise on sleep; the
doctrine of sleep.

||Hyp*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; sleep.] (Med.) Supervention of
||sleep.

Hyp*not"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; inclined to sleep, putting to sleep, fr.
&?; to lull to sleep, fr. &?; sleep; akin to L. somnus, and E.
somnolent: cf. F. hypnotique.] 1. Having the quality of producing
sleep; tending to produce sleep; soporific.

2. Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of hypnotism; liable to
hypnotism; as, a hypnotic condition.

Hyp*not"ic, n. 1. Any agent that produces, or tends to produce, sleep;
an opiate; a soporific; a narcotic.

2. A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is subject to, hypnotism.

Hyp"no*tism (?), n. [Gr. &?; sleep: cf. F. hypnotisme.] A form of sleep
or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is an
unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of others.
It is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the medium of the
senses, as in persons of very feeble organization, by gazing steadly at
a very bright object held before the eyes, or by pressure upon certain
points of the surface of the body.

Hyp`no*ti*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of producing hypnotism.

Hyp"no*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypnotized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Hypnotizing (?).] To induce hypnotism in; to place in a state of
hypnotism.

Hyp"no*ti`zer (?), n. One who hypnotizes.

||Hyp"num (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; moss.] (Bot.) The largest genus of
||true mosses; feather moss.

Hy"po- (?). [Gr. &?; under, beneath; akin to L. sub. See Sub-.] 1. A
prefix signifying a less quantity, or a low state or degree, of that
denoted by the word with which it is joined, or position under or
beneath.

2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting that the element to the name of which it
is prefixed enters with a low valence, or in a low state of
oxidization, usually the lowest, into the compounds indicated; as,
hyposulphurous acid.

Hy"po (?), n. Hypochondria. [Colloq.]

Hy"po, n. [Abbrev. from hyposulphite.] (Photog.) Sodium hyposulphite,
or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a bath to wash out the
unchanged silver salts in a picture. [Colloq.]

Hy`po*a"ri*an (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a hypoarion.

||Hy`po*a"ri*on (?), n.; pl. Hypoaria (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "ypo` beneath
||+ &?; a little egg.] (Anat.) An oval lobe beneath each of the optic
||lobes in many fishes; one of the inferior lobes. Owen.

Hy"po*blast (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + -blast.] (Biol.) The inner or lower
layer of the blastoderm; -- called also endoderm, entoderm, and
sometimes hypoderm. See Illust. of Blastoderm, Delamination, and
Ectoderm.

Hy`po*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to, or connected with, the
hypoblast; as, the hypoic sac.

Hy*pob"o*le (?), n. [Gr. &?; a throwing under, a suggesting; &?; under
+ &?; to throw.] (Rhet.) A figure in which several things are mentioned
that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite
side, each of them being refuted in order.

Hy`po*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + branchial.] (Anat.) Pertaining
to the segment between the basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a
branchial arch. -- n. A hypobranchial bone or cartilage.

{ Hy"po*carp (?), ||Hy`po*car"pi*um (?), } n. [NL. hypocarpium, fr. Gr.
"ypo` beneath + &?; fruit.] (Bot.) A fleshy enlargement of the
receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the cashew.
See Illust. of Cashew.

<! p. 721 !>

Hy`po*car`po*ge"an (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. &?; fruit + &?; earth.]
(Bot.) Producing fruit below the ground.

Hyp"o*caust (?), n. [L. hypocaustum, Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; to burn:
cf. F. hypocauste.] (Anc. Arch.) A furnace, esp. one connected with a
series of small chambers and flues of tiles or other masonry through
which the heat of a fire was distributed to rooms above. This
contrivance, first used in bath, was afterwards adopted in private
houses.

Hy`po*chlo"rite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hypochlorous acid; as, a
calcium hypochloride.

Hy`po*chlo"rous (?), a. [Pref. hypo-  + chlorous.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower than in chlorous
compounds.

Hypochlorous acid (Chem.), an acid derived from chlorine, not known in
a pure state, but forming various salts, called hypochlorites.

Hy`po*chon"dres (?), n. pl. [F. hypocondres, formerly spely
hypochondres.] The hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondrium.

Hy`po*chon"dri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Hypochondriasis; melancholy; the
blues.

Hy`po*chon"dri*ac (?), a. [Gr. &?; affocated in the hypochondrium: cf.
F. hypocondriaque, formerly spelt hypochondriaque.] 1. Of or pertaining
to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.

2. Affected, characterized, or produced, by hypochondriasis.

Hypochondriac region (Anat.), a region on either side of the abdomen
beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and
above the lumbar, region.

Hy`po*chon"dri*ac, n. A person affected with hypochondriasis.

    He had become an incurable hypochondriac.


Macaulay.

Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal (?), a. Same as Hypochondriac, 2. --
Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal*ly, adv.

Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cism (?), n. (Med.) Hypochondriasis. [R.]

Hy`po*chon"dri*a*sis (?), n. [NL. So named because supposed to have its
seat in the hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondriac, Hypochondrium,
and cf. Hyp, 1st Hypo.] (Med.) A mental disorder in which melancholy
and gloomy views torment the affected person, particularly concerning
his own health.

Hy`po*chon"dri*asm (?), n. (Med.) Hypochondriasis. [R.]

||Hy`po*chon"dri*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hypochondria (#), E. Hypochondriums
||(#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; under the cartilage of the
||breastbone; &?; under + &?; cartilage.] (Anat.) Either of the
||hypochondriac regions.

Hy`po*chon"dry (?), n. Hypochondriasis.

Hyp"o*cist (?), n. [Gr. &?; a plant growing on the roots of the
Cistus.] An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a
plant (Cytinus hypocistis), growing from the roots of the Cistus, a
small European shrub.

||Hy`po*clei"di*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hypocleida (#), E. Hypocleidiums
||(#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; under + &?; a little key.] (Anat.) A median
||process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds, where it is
||connected with the sternum.

Hyp`o*co*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; to caress.]
Endearing; diminutive; as, the hypocoristic form of a name.

    The hypocoristic or pet form of William.


Dr. Murray.

Hyp`o*cra*ter"i*form (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + krath`r cup + -form.]
(Bot.) hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped. Wood.

Hyp`o*cra*ter`i*mor"phous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. krath`r bowl +
morfh` form.] (Bot.) Salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding
suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the
blossom of the phlox and the lilac.

Hy*poc"ri*sy (h*pk"r*s), n.; pl. Hypocrisies (- sz). [OE. hypocrisie,
ypocrisie, OF. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, F. hypocrisie, L. hypocrisis, fr.
Gr. "ypo`krisis the playing a part on the stage, simulation, outward
show, fr. "ypokr`nesqai to answer on the stage, to play a part; "ypo`
under + kri`nein to decide; in the middle voice, to dispute, contend.
See Hypo-, and Critic.] The act or practice of a hypocrite; a feigning
to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; a
dissimulation, or a concealment of one's real character, disposition,
or motives; especially, the assuming of false appearance of virtue or
religion; a simulation of goodness.

    Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villainy.


Rambler.

    Hypocrisy is the homage vice pays to virtue.


La Rochefoucauld (Trans. ).

Hyp"o*crite (?), n. [F., fr. L. hypocrita, Gr. &?; one who plays a part
on the stage, a dissembler, feigner. See Hypocrisy.] One who plays a
part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning approbation of
favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who feigns to be other and
better than he is; a false pretender to virtue or piety; one who
simulates virtue or piety.

    The hypocrite's hope shall perish.


Job viii. 13.

    I dare swear he is no hypocrite, but prays from his heart.


Shak.

Syn. -- Deceiver; pretender; cheat. See Dissembler.

Hyp"o*crite*ly, adv. Hypocritically. [R.] Sylvester.

Hyp`o*crit"ic (?), a. See Hypocritical. Swift.

Hyp`o*crit"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. hypocritique.] Of or
pertaining to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; as, a hypocriticalperson; a
hypocritical look; a hypocritical action.

    Hypocritical professions of friendship and of pacific intentions
    were not spared.


Macaulay.

-- Hyp`o*crit"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Hyp`o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + crystalline.] (Crystallog.)
Partly crystalline; -- said of rock which consists of crystals imbedded
in a glassy ground mass.

Hy`po*cy"cloid (?), n. [Pref. hypo-  + cycloid: cf. F. hypocycloÔde.]
(Geom.) A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle
which rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf. Epicycloid,
and Trochoid.

||Hyp`o*dac"ty*lum (?), n.; pl. -tyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "ypo` beneath
||+ &?; a finger, toe.] (Zoˆl.) The under side of the toes.

Hyp"o*derm (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + -derm.] (Biol.) Same as Hypoblast.

||Hyp`o*der"ma (?), n. [NL. See Hypo, and derma.] 1. (Bot.) A layer of
||tissue beneath the epidermis in plants, and performing the
||physiological function of strengthening the epidermal tissue. In
||phanerogamous plants it is developed as collenchyma.

2. (Zoˆl.) An inner cellular layer which lies beneath the chitinous
cuticle of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.

Hyp`o*der*mat"ic (?), a. Hypodermic.

-- Hyp`o*der*mat"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Hyp`o*der"mic (?), a. [See Hypoderma.] Of or pertaining to the parts
under the skin.

Hypodermic medication, the application of remedies under the epidermis,
usually by means of a small syringe, called the hypodermic syringe.

-- Hyp`o*der"mic*al*ly (#), adv.

||Hyp`o*der"mis (?), n. [NL. See Hypo-, and Derma.] 1. (Biol.) Same as
||Hypoblast.

2. (Zoˆl.) Same as Hypoderma, 2.

{ Hyp`o*di*crot"ic (?), Hyp`o*di"cro*tous (?), } a. (Physiol.)
Exhibiting retarded dicrotism; as, a hypodicrotic pulse curve.

Hyp`o*gÊ"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. gai^a, gh^, earth.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, the peanut, or earthnut (Arachis
hypogÊa).

HypogÊic acid (Chem.), an acid in the oil of the earthnut, in which it
exists as a glyceride, and from which it is extracted as a white,
crystalline substance.

Hyp`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Cf. F. hypogastrique. See Hypogastrium.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or the hypogastric region.

Hypogastric region. (a) The lower part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary
division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac
regions.

||Hyp`o*gas"tri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; belly.]
||(Anat.) The lower part of the abdomen.

Hyp`o*ge"an (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. &?; earth.] (Bot.) Hypogeous.
[Written also hypogÊan.]

Hyp"o*gene (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + the root of Gr. &?; to be born: cf.
F. hypogËne.] (Geol.) Formed or crystallized at depths beneath the
earth's surface; -- said of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose
crystallization is believed of have taken place beneath a great
thickness of overlying rocks. Opposed to epigene.

Hyp`o*ge"ous (?), a. [See Hypogean.] (Bot.) Growing under ground;
remaining under ground; ripening its fruit under ground. [Written also
hypogÊous.]

||Hyp`o*ge"um (?), n.; pl. Hypogea (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;,
||subterranean; &?; under + &?;, &?;, the earth.] (Anc. Arch.) The
||subterraneous portion of a building, as in amphitheaters, for the
||service of the games; also, subterranean galleries, as the catacombs.

Hyp`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Pref. hypo-  + Gr. &?; the tongue.] (Anat.)
Under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher vertebrates, to the
twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the
base of the tongue. -- n. One of the hypoglossal nerves.

Hy*pog"na*tous (?), a. [Pref. hypo-  + Gr. &?; the jaw.] (Zoˆl.) Having
the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as in the skimmer.

Hyp"o*gyn (?), n. (Bot.) An hypogynous plant.

Hy*pog"y*nous (?), a. [Pref. hypo-  + Gr. &?; woman, female: cf. F.
hypogyne.] (Bot.) Inserted below the pistil or pistils; -- said of
sepals, petals, and stamens; having the sepals, petals, and stamens
inserted below the pistil; -- said of a flower or a plant. Gray.

Hy`po*hy"al (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Greek letter &?;.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch of
fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal. -- n. One of the hypohyal
bones or cartilages.

Hy`po*nas"tic (?), a. [Pref. hypo-  + Gr. &?; pressed close.] (Bot.)
Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth. Cf.
Epinastic.

Hy`po*nas"ty (?), n. (Bot.) Downward convexity, or convexity of the
inferior surface.

Hy`po*ni"trite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hyponitrous acid.

Hy`po*ni"trous (?), a. [Pref. hypo-  + nitrous.] (Chem.) Containing or
derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds.

Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH, whose salts
are produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself is
not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water; -- called
also nitrosylic acid.

||Hy`po*phar"ynx (?), n. [NL. See Hypo-, and Pharynx.] (Zoˆl.) An
||appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in certain
||insects.

Hy`po*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hypophosphoric acid.

Hy`po*phos"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hypophosphorous acid.

Hy`po*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + phosphoric.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower
state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphoric
acid.

Hypophosphoric acid (Chem.), an acid, P2H4O6, produced by the slow
oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in
water. It is regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of
phosphoric acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial dehydration.

Hy`po*phos"phor*ous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + phosphorous.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation
than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphorous acid.

Hypophosphorous acid (Chem.) , an acid, H3PO2, whose salts are produced
by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from
its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white crystalline
substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.

Hy*poph"yl*lous (?), a. [Pref. hypo-  + Gr. &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Being or
growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots of ferns.

Hy`po*phys"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypophysis;
pituitary.

||Hy*poph"y*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; under + &?; nature, origin.]
||1. (Anat.) See Pituitary body, under Pituitary.

2. (Med.) Cataract.

Hy`po*plas"tron (?), n.; pl. Hypoplastra (#). [Pref. hypo- + plastron.]
(Anat.) The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called
also hyposternum.

||Hy*pop"ti*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Hypoptila (#), E. Hypoptilums (#).
||[NL., fr. Gr. "ypo` beneath + &?; down.] (Zoˆl.) An accessory plume
||arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers
||of many birds; -- called also aftershaft. See Illust. of Feather.

||Hy`po*ra"di*us (?), n.; pl. Hyporadii (#). [Pref. hypo- + radius.]
||(Zoˆl.) One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a
||feather. See Feather.

||Hy`po*rha"chis (?), n.; pl. Hyporhachides (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "ypo`
||beneath + &?; spine.] (Zoˆl.) The stem of an aftershaft or
||hypoptilum. [Written also hyporachis.]

Hy`po*skel"e*tal (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + skeletal.] (Anat.) Beneath the
endoskeleton; hypaxial; as, the hyposkeletal muscles; -- opposed to
episkeletal.

||Hy`po*spa"di*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ypo` beneath + spa`n to draw,
||tear.] (Med.) A deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens
||upon its under surface.

Hy*pos"ta*sis (?), n.; pl. Hypostases (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;
subsistence, substance, fr. &?; to stand under; &?; under + &?; to
stand, middle voice of &?; to cause to stand. See Hypo-, and Stand.] 1.
That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept
or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing.

2. (Theol.) Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; --
used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three
subdivisions of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

The Council of Alexandria (a. d. 362) defined hypostasis as synonymous
with person. Schaff- Herzog.

3. Principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists in speaking of
salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three
principles of all material bodies.

4. (Med.) That which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment.

Hy*pos"ta*size (?), v. t. To make into a distinct substance; to
conceive or treat as an existing being; to hypostatize. [R.]

    The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to hypostasize the law of
    gravitation into an ether.


Coleridge.

{ Hy`po*stat"ic (?), Hy`po*stat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F.
hypostatique.] 1. Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence,
constitutive, or elementary.

    The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three
    hypostatical principles.


Boyle.

2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases,
or substances. Bp. Pearson.

3. (Med.) Depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; as,
hypostatic cognestion, cognestion due to setting of blood by
gravitation.

Hypostatic union (Theol.), the union of the divine with the human
nature of Christ. Tillotson.

Hy`po*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hypostatic manner.

Hy*pos"ta*tize (?), v. t. 1. To make into, or regarded as, a separate
and distinct substance.

    Looked upon both species and genera as hypostatized universals.


Pop. Sci. Monthly.

2. To attribute actual or personal existence to. Sir W. Hamilton.

||Hy`po*ster"num (?), n.; pl. L. Hyposterna (#), E. Hyposternums (#).
||[Pref. hypo- + sternum.] (Anat.) See Hypoplastron.

{ Hy"po*stome (?), ||Hy*pos"to*ma (?), } n. [NL. hypostoma, fr. Gr.
"ypo` beneath + &?; mouth.] (Zoˆl.) The lower lip of trilobites,
crustaceans, etc.

Hy*pos"tro*phe (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn round or
back; &?; under + &?; to turn.] (Med.) (a) The act of a patient turning
himself. (b) A relapse, or return of a disease.

<! p. 722 !>

Hy"po*style (?), a. [Gr. &?; resting on pillars; &?; under + &?; a
pillar.] (Arch.) Resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns;
-- especially applied to the great hall at Karnak.

Hy`po*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hyposulphuric acid.

Hy`po*sul"phite (?), n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of what was formerly called
hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate. [Obs.] (b) A salt of
hyposulphurous acid proper.

Hy`po*sul*phur"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the
sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric acid.

Hyposulphuric acid, an acid, H2S2O6, obtained by the action of
manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery
solution and in its salts; -- called also dithionic acid. See
Dithionic.

Hy`po*sul"phur*ous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + sulphurous.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low state
of oxidation.

Hyposulphurous acid. (a) Thiosulphuric acid. [Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO2,
obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the
free state, but in an orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong
reducing and bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous acid.

||Hy`po*tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Hypotarsi (#). [NL. See Hypo-, and
||Tarsus.] (Anat.) A process on the posterior side of the
||tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process. --
||Hy`po*tar"sal (#), a.

{ Hy*pot"e*nuse (?), Hy*poth"e*nuse (?) }, n. [L. hypotenusa, Gr. &?;,
prob., subtending (sc. &?;), fr. &?; to stretch under, subtend; &?;
under + &?; to stretch. See Subtend.] (Geom.) The side of a
right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right angle.

Hy*poth"ec (?), n. [F. hypothËque. See Hypotheca.] (Scot. Law) A
landlord's right, independently of stipulation, over the stocking
(cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as security for
payment of rent.

||Hy`po*the"ca (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a thing subject to some
||obligation, fr. &?; to put under, put down, pledge. See Hypothesis.]
||(Rom. Law) An obligation by which property of a debtor was made over
||to his creditor in security of his debt.

It differed from pledge in regard to possession of the property subject
to the obligation; pledge requiring, simple hypotheca not requiring,
possession of it by the creditor. The modern mortgage corresponds very
closely with it. Kent.

Hy*poth"e*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypothecated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Hypothecating (?).] [LL. hypothecatus, p. p. of hypothecare to
pledge, fr. L. hypotheca pledge, security. See Hypotheca.] (Law) To
subject, as property, to liability for a debt or engagement without
delivery of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery
of possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to
make a contract by bottomry. See Hypothecation, Bottomry.

    He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in arrear.
    He had no power to hypothecate any part of the public revenue.
    Those who lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word.


Macaulay.

Hy*poth`e*ca"tion (?), n. [LL. hypothecatio.] 1. (Civ. Law) The act or
contract by which property is hypothecated; a right which a creditor
has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue of which he may
cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in payment of his debt.
This is a right in the thing, or jus in re. Pothier. B. R. Curtis.

    There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an
    hypothecation, in the strict sense of the Roman law, exists; that
    is a pledge without possession by the pledgee.


Story.

In the modern civil law, this contract has no application to movable
property, not even to ships, to which and their cargoes it is most
frequently applied in England and America. See Hypothecate. B. R.
Curtis. Domat.

2. (Law of Shipping) A contract whereby, in consideration of money
advanced for the necessities of the ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo
is made liable for its repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety.
It is usually effected by a bottomry bond. See Bottomry.

This term is often applied to mortgages of ships.

Hy*poth"e*ca`tor (?), n. (Law) One who hypothecates or pledges anything
as security for the repayment of money borrowed.

{ Hy*poth"e*nal (?), Hy*poth"e*nar (?), } a. [Pref. hypo- + thenar.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prominent part of the palm of the hand
above the base of the little finger, or a corresponding part in the
forefoot of an animal; as, the hypothenar eminence.

Hy*poth"e*nar (?), n. (Anat.) The hypothenar eminence.

Hy*poth`e*nu"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to hypothenuse. [R.]

Hy*poth"e*nuse (?), n. Same as Hypotenuse.

Hy*poth"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Hypotheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;
foundation, supposition, fr. &?; to place under, &?; under + &?; to
put. See Hypo-, Thesis.] 1. A supposition; a proposition or principle
which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion
or inference for proof of the point in question; something not proved,
but assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or an
occurrence; as, the hypothesis that head winds detain an overdue
steamer.

    An hypothesis being a mere supposition, there are no other limits
    to hypotheses than those of the human imagination.


J. S. Mill.

2. (Natural Science) A tentative theory or supposition provisionally
adopted to explain certain facts, and to guide in the investigation of
others; hence, frequently called a working hypothesis.

Syn. -- Supposition; assumption. See Theory.

Nebular hypothesis. See under Nebular.

{ Hy`po*thet"ic (?), Hy`po*thet"ic*al (?), } a. [L. hypotheticus, Gr.
&?;: cf. F. hypothÈtique.] Characterized by, or of the nature of, an
hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof, for the purpose of
reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting for some fact or
phenomenon.

    Causes hypothetical at least, if not real, for the various
    phenomena of the existence of which our experience informs us.


Sir W. Hamilton.

Hypothetical baptism (Ch. of Eng.), baptism administered to persons in
respect to whom it is doubtful whether they have or have not been
baptized before. Hook.

-- Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. South.

Hy*poth"e*tist (?), n. One who proposes or supports an hypothesis. [R.]

||Hy`po*tra*che"li*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; neck.]
||(Arch.) Same as Gorgerin.

||Hy*pot"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ypo` beneath + &?;, &?;, a
||hair.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ciliated Infusoria in which the cilia
||cover only the under side of the body.

Hy`po*tro"choid (?), n. [Pref. hypo-  + trochoid.] (Geom.) A curve,
traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced, of a circle which
rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. See Hypocycloid,
Epicycloid, and Trochoid.

||Hy`po*ty*po"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to sketch out; &?;
||under + &?; to impress.] (Rhet.) A vivid, picturesque description of
||scenes or events.

Hy`po*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref. hypo-  + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely related to xanthin and uric
acid, widely distributed through the animal body, but especially in
muscle tissue; -- called also sarcin, sarkin.

Hy`po*zo"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. &?; an animal.] (Geol.) Anterior
in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic remains. Lyell.

Hyp"pish (?), a. [From Hyp.] Affected with hypochondria; hypped.
[Written also hyppish.]

Hyp"po*griff (?), n. See Hyppogriff.

Hyp"si*loid (?), a. [From , the Greek letter called "upsilon" + -oid.]
(Anat.) Resembling the Greek letter in form; hyoid.

Hyp*som"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; height + -meter.] (Physics) An
instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric pressure;
esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the boiling point of
water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a lamp for heating it,
and an inclosed thermometer for showing the temperature of ebullition.

{ Hyp`so*met"ric (?), Hyp`so*met"ric*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
hypsometry.

Hyp*som"e*try (?), n. That branch of the science of geodesy which has
to do with the measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference
to the sea level, or relatively.

Hy*pu"ral (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. &?; tail.] (Anat.) Under the tail;
-- applied to the bones which support the caudal fin rays in most
fishes.

Hy"ra*coid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Hyracoidea. -- n.
One of the Hyracoidea.

||Hyr`a*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hyrax, and oid.] (Zoˆl.) An order
||of small hoofed mammals, comprising the single living genus Hyrax.

||Hy"rax (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; shrew mouse.] (Zoˆl.) Any animal of
||the genus Hyrax, of which about four species are known. They
||constitute the order Hyracoidea. The best known species are the daman
||(H. Syriacus) of Palestine, and the klipdas (H. capensis) of South
||Africa. Other species are H. arboreus and H. Sylvestris, the former
||from Southern, and the latter from Western, Africa. See Daman.

{ Hyr*ca"ni*an (?), Hyr"can (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Hyrcania, an
ancient country or province of Asia, southeast of the Caspian (which
was also called the Hyrcanian) Sea. "The Hyrcan tiger." "Hyrcanian
deserts." Shak.

Hyrse (?), n. [G. hirse, OHG. hirsi.] (Bot.) Millet.

Hyrst (?), n. A wood. See Hurst.

Hy"son (?), n. [Chin. hi-tshun, lit., first crop, or blooming spring.]
A fragrant kind of green tea.

Hyson skin, the light and inferior leaves separated from the hyson by a
winnowing machine. MëCulloch.

Hys"sop (?), n. [OE. hysope, ysope, OF. ysope, F. hysope, hyssope, L.
hysopum, hyssopum, hyssopus, Gr. &?;, &?;, an aromatic plant, fr. Heb.
sov.] A plant (Hyssopus officinalis). The leaves have an aromatic
smell, and a warm, pungent taste.

The hyssop of Scripture is supposed to be a species of caper (Capparis
spinosa), but probably the name was used for several different plants.

Hys`ter*an"thous (?), a. [Gr. &?; after + &?; flower.] (Bot.) Having
the leaves expand after the flowers have opened. Henslow.

||Hys`te*re"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to be behind, to lag.]
||(Physics) A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces
||acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal
||friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition
||previously induced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc.,
||on reversal of polarity.

Hys*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. hystÈrie. See Hysteric.] (Med.) A
nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the
emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power
correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the
emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls
into paroxism or fits.

The chief symptoms are convulsive, tossing movements of the limbs and
head, uncontrollable crying and laughing, and a choking sensation as if
a ball were lodged in the throat. The affection presents the most
varied symptoms, often simulating those of the gravest diseases, but
generally curable by mental treatment alone.

{ Hys*ter"ic (?), Hys*ter"ic*al (?), } a. [L. hystericus, Gr. &?;, fr.
"yste`ra the womb; perh. akin to &?; latter, later, and E. utter, out.]
Of or pertaining to hysteria; affected, or troubled, with hysterics;
convulsive, fitful.

    With no hysteric weakness or feverish excitement, they preserved
    their peace and patience.


Bancroft.

Hys*ter"ics (?), n. pl. (Med.) Hysteria.

Hys`ter*o*ep"i*lep`sy (?), n. [Hysteria + epilepsy.] (Med.) A disease
resembling hysteria in its nature, and characterized by the occurrence
of epileptiform convulsions, which can often be controlled or excited
by pressure on the ovaries, and upon other definite points in the body.
-- Hys`ter*o*ep`i*lep"tic (#), a.

Hys`ter*o*gen"ic (?), a. [Hysteria + root of Gr. &?; to be born.]
(Physiol.) Producing hysteria; as, the hysterogenicpressure points on
the surface of the body, pressure upon which is said both to produce
and arrest an attack of hysteria. De Watteville.

Hys`ter*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; the latter + &?; discourse: cf.
F. hystÈrologie.] (Rhet.) A figure by which the ordinary course of
thought is inverted in expression, and the last put first; -- called
also hysteron proteron.

||Hys"te*ron prot"e*ron (?). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the latter, following +
||&?; before, others, sooner.] (Rhet.) (a) A figure in which the
||natural order of sense is reversed; hysterology; as, valet atque
||vivit, "he is well and lives." (b) An inversion of logical order, in
||which the conclusion is put before the premises, or the thing proved
||before the evidence.

Hys*ter"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; following + &?; plant.] (Bot.) A
plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic matter.
-- Hys`ter*oph"y*tal (#), a.

Hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. "yste`ra womb + &?; to cut: cf. F.
hystÈrotomie.] (Med.) The CÊsarean section. See under CÊsarean.

Hys"tri*cine (?), a. [See Hystrix.] (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to the
porcupines.

Hys`tri*co*mor"phous (?), a. [Hystrix + Gr. &?; form.] (Zoˆl.) Like, or
allied to, the porcupines; -- said of a group (Hystricomorpha) of
rodents.

Hys"trix (?), n. [Gr. &?; porcupine.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of rodents,
including the porcupine.

Hythe (?), n. A small haven. See Hithe. [Obs.]




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