THE
AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

THE

AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

American Missionary Association.

We wish to remind our readers that the offer of Mr. Arthington, as it has come under our consideration by the report of the Foreign Committee, and as it has been put before them by its publication in the Missionary for April, is still commended to their consideration, and open to acceptance or declinature, as they may decide. We are well aware that such great things are not to be lightly or suddenly decided. It is a subject which demands careful weighing, and all the light which may be gained from earthly as well as from heavenly sources. The first offer was not made suddenly or unadvisedly. Dr. O. H. White, of the Freedmen’s Aid Society of England, writes us that he conversed with Mr. Arthington about it more than a year ago, who said then, “I will think of it, and you pray earnestly that Robert Arthington may be led to a right decision.” We can say nothing better now. Do you, friends, think about it, and we will pray earnestly that you may be led to a right decision.

THE FREEDMEN.

REV. JOS. E. ROY, D. D.,

FIELD SUPERINTENDENT, ATLANTA, GA.

A TOUR INTO THE SOUTHWEST.

Through Alabama, Mississippi and Texas.

It took seven weeks. It started off with a week in the revival meeting at Talladega College, where some score and a half of souls were hopefully led to Christ.

I tarried for a day at Montgomery to contract for the repairing and re-painting of the Swayne School building, and for the re-renting of the same. Erected by the Freedmen’s Bureau, it had been put into the hands of a local Board of Trust, and by that Board it had been leased for ten years to the American Missionary Association, which, after running it for several years, sub-rented it to the City Board of Education—the A. M. A. giving[141] the rent, keeping the house in repair and appointing the teachers, the city paying the salaries. This arrangement was renewed for another five years by the appropriate legal papers. The teachers and the pastor’s family—that of Rev. Dr. Flavel Bascom, for the winter—are domiciled in the “Home.” A quiet, persuasive spiritual work was at that time manifest in the school. The pastor was found to be happy in his work, and to have made many friends in the city, being a regular member of the weekly ministers’ meeting.

On the tour a week was given to New Orleans for the inspection of the church and educational work in that vicinity, and for attendance upon the first meeting of the Sunday-school Association of Louisiana. This cause got a grand send-off. The Northern helpers were greatly useful. The Freedmen’s interest was well represented in the Association, as reported last month. The Straight University, with its edifice rebuilt upon a much better location, was found in a healthy working condition, with 200 pupils in the academic department; twenty-five in the law department, one-half of them white; and ten in the theological. The Central Church—Pres. Alexander, pastor—had been having a revival that had brought in a score of members. The three or four other churches were found in a hopeful condition under their native pastors. Great was the satisfaction in preaching for some of these congregations. Straight is now in great need of dormitory buildings for boarding students.

A couple of days was given to Terrebonne parish in preaching for Rev. Daniel Clay, and in visiting the other pastors and churches under his fatherly eye. Mr. Clay, a son of the great “Commoner,” is doing much in bringing the Gospel among the common people of his race.

The tour led us by another cluster of Louisiana churches, the one centering at New Iberia, on the Bayou Teche, in the region of the ancient settlement of “Evangeline’s” story. Two parish seats and three settlements belong to this cluster. All but one have plain houses of worship. All are under colored preachers. At New Iberia, besides fair public schools for the Freedmen, there is a fine select school in Grant Hall, built by the colored people. Three sermons sought to confirm these churches in the Gospel way.

Thence across the Gulf to Texas. The Barnes Institute, at Galveston, built by the Bureau, and run for a time by the American Missionary Association, is now used for a Freedmen’s public school, with four teachers and over three hundred scholars. At Houston the “Gregory Institute” duplicates the history of “The Barnes,” and is doing remarkably well. Such is also the story of the Institute at Waco. The American Missionary Association may count in with its best work the founding of these Institutes, which being well set up have flowed into the public school system. The impetus given and the standard put up yet abide in large measure.

The tour finds its western limit at San Antonio, that ancient seat of Spanish Romanism, with its antique mission fortifications yet standing in their frowning strength. That early pre-emption secures two-thirds of the present population, 21,000, to the Romanists, who have three massive stone cathedrals—one for the Spanish, one for the German and one for the English speaking people, and who have their extensive Nunnery and Jesuit College, which are patronized not a little by American families. This city is the metropolis for Southwestern Texas, which is as large as the whole of New England. It has also an immense wholesale trade with cities in Mexico. San Antonio becomes also a strategic point for Protestantism. The M. E. Church North is just now establishing itself here at large expense. The colored[142] people are well supplied with churches and schools. The second best Protestant church edifice is that of the African M. E. Church, just completed, at a cost of $8,000, and nearly all paid for. Superintendent West was there the same Sabbath, reconnoitering. He was urged by the M. E. South people to remain and hold a protracted meeting; but a campaign just at hand in Massachusetts prevented. Western Texas was suffering dreadfully from an eight months’ drought. The plain of San Antonio was an exception, being irrigated by the waters of the mighty springs just above the city, which, forming the San Antonio River, furnish the hydrant supply for that great population, and send babbling streams through all the streets and over all the surrounding gardens and farms. So may that sainted city be a fountain of moral refreshing in all that region!

The Tillotson Normal Institute of Texas, under the excellent Mrs. Garland, has already sent out twenty teachers. Its beautiful site, overlooking the city, is this summer to be crowned with its comely edifice, which, beyond the outer shell, is to await the incoming of funds for its completion. This trip has resulted with me in a profound impression as to the need of this institution and as to the grand sweep of its future usefulness. Nothing better can be done for the Freedmen of Texas. This empire, stretching a thousand miles on the Rio Grande and eight hundred miles eastward to the Sabine, calls mightily for such an institute to train those who shall be the teachers of her sable children. These immense areas of cheap, rich, southern lands, that were never cursed by the filth of slavery, are calling in the Freedmen to take to themselves homes and farms and the respectability that comes from ownership of the soil. Such people, most of all, hunger for good schools. Texas is liberal toward her colored school children. To furnish them teachers, skilled in the art and trained so that they shall exert a wholesome social and spiritual influence, is the great desideratum.

The cluster of churches made up of Corpus Christi, Goliad, Helena, Schulenburg and Flatonia, are organized into the Congregational Association of Southwestern Texas. The only two without houses of worship are now moving to purchase “church houses.” Rev. B. C. Church is a very patriarch among them. Rev. S. M. Coles, pastor and teacher at “Corpus,” is a colored graduate of Yale. Brothers Thompson and Turner, native pastors, are sound, pure and able men. It was a treat to minister the Word to each of these hungering congregations.

At Flatonia, when the local authorities went back upon their promise of the public school-room for a service which had been advertised in the town newspaper, because the white citizens would not allow that place to be used by “niggers,” we resorted to the platform of the R. R. Station, in the center of the village, and had a rousing open-air meeting that attracted many of the white citizens, who were cordially welcomed to our place of worship, for our God is no respecter of persons. At Corpus Christi a two days’ meeting followed upon some special interest, under the preaching of Mr. Thompson, which had greatly confirmed the church, and had added a half dozen to the company of the believers.

One day by the mail-schooner from “Corpus” to Indianola, another day by steamer to Galveston, and a third day by Morgan’s line, carried the tour back to New Orleans. A day there for supplementary reconnoissance, a Sabbath with the thriving church of Rev. D. L. Hickok, and the Emerson Institute at Mobile, and then a long run up to Atlanta finished this tour of many hundred miles among our schools and churches of the Southwest.

GEORGIA.

A Lady Missionary Needed.

REV. S. S. ASHLEY, ATLANTA, GA.

I desire to call your attention to the need of a missionary for this city. This has been a pressing necessity in all the past of the work here, but at present is more urgent than ever. This city is rapidly increasing in population. The increase of the colored population keeps pace with the white in numbers, and far outstrips the white in ignorance and poverty. The number of vagabond black children here would astonish you. On the Sabbath, the vacant lots and outskirts of the city are thronged with them. They are without parental restraint, and never attend meeting or Sabbath-school. They are ripening in vice and crime. There is a chain-gang in the city, composed, as I learn, of boys ranging from ten to fifteen years of age. There are many children among the county convicts. Thus they are drifting to the penitentiary and to ruin. Once in the penitentiary, they are lost, for the convict prison system of this State is bad.

This city is full of devil-traps. These strangers who are moving in will largely become victims. Now, we should have some agency by which as many as possible of these families can be reached. Their domestic condition is deplorable. In fact, this may be said of the colored families generally of the South. They need influences and instruction that can best, and, as I believe, only be carried to them by a woman missionary. The women, the mothers, the homemakers of this people, must be instructed and led to better things in their homes. They must be seen in their houses. With such homes as are common among them, it is well nigh impossible for them to be Christians. Large families living in one room—you know how it is—comfort, cleanliness, modesty and religious devotion are almost impossible. Illiterate, the Bible must be read to them; ignorant of their moral duties as parents, they must be taught. Strangers to domestic comforts and necessities, they must be made acquainted with them. Superstitious and fanatical, they must be introduced to places and modes of a scriptural, instructive and reasonable worship—a thousand matters of great importance must be brought to their attention and kept before their minds, until the proper impression is produced. This can only be done by a missionary moving about among them at their homes. This person should be a woman, because women are principally to be reached. Now, can you not commission Miss Stevenson for this work? In connection with her school, she now does a great deal in this direction, but not a tithe of what needs to be done. She is thoroughly acquainted with all these people, has had ten years’ experience among them, and is admirably adapted to the work. She has a heart for it. Please consider this.

Another matter: The young men connected with this church and congregation have organized a Library Association. A Library has been started—number of volumes at present very small. I have thought that perhaps you had in or about your office some spare books that you could send to us. We want to build up a Parish Library. I should like, especially, some works on Africa.

ALABAMA.

Tenantry—A Promising Field—Politics.

REV. FLAVEL BASCOM, D.D., MONTGOMERY.

I gave you some first impressions on entering the service of the A. M. A. last autumn, and you now ask for my impressions after three months’ experience and observation.

So brief a residence in a single Southern city does not qualify one to speak with authority on the various questions pertaining to your work among the Freedmen; but it does enable him to test your[144] methods and to examine the results achieved. He can thus judge of the adaptation of means employed to the ends desired, and can forecast the future with more confidence.

There are some things of which I am fully persuaded, by my short residence at the South; one of these is, that the colored people in this country are not dying out. I occasionally hear it said that they are. Possibly the wish is father to the thought. But they are not only here to stay, but they are here to multiply and increase as did the Jews in Egypt; and they are already so large a factor in our population that their character and condition are to affect the character and welfare of our country far more than is generally realized.

I have been happily disappointed in witnessing the industry and thrift of the Freedmen as mechanics and common laborers; the colored men seem to do very nearly all the work which is done, and with the aid of the women, who are equally industrious, they secure an honest and, what is to them, a comfortable living.

The most dependent and least progressive class of the Freedmen are those who work the plantations on shares. The planter dictates his own terms to the tenant—furnishes him team and tools at his own price—sells him provisions on credit at rates far above the cash market price, and then charges interest, fixing the per cent. to suit himself. When the crop is gathered, if the renter does not find himself in debt to his landlord, he is more fortunate than many. He rarely finds himself richer for his summer’s work. The simple rules of arithmetic, thoroughly understood by the tenant, will remedy all this; and when I hear the colored children at school reciting the multiplication table so enthusiastically, I am sure it is a prophecy of a “good time coming” to them.

My observation convinces me that the colored people are very desirous for the education of their children, and that their children acquire learning with as much facility as any other class. Let all the colored children and youth of the Southern States have access to schools conducted by competent teachers, and in a very few years they will solve the political and social problems that are just now so embarrassing. They will not only take care of themselves, but they will be very valuable auxiliaries in taking care of the nation.

I find in the colored churches of different denominations specimens of very estimable Christian character. I find, also, just those infirmities which I should expect if God made the Caucasian and the African of the same blood.

I have found the colored congregations very decorous and eagerly attentive to the preaching of the Gospel. I find them quite accessible for religious conversation, and apparently thankful for the interest manifested in their behalf. They furnish, therefore, a field for Christian effort that is full of promise. If there is another missionary field more inviting, or promising richer harvests to faithful culture, I know not where it is found.

I am profoundly impressed with the importance of the schools, and especially of the higher institutions established by the American Missionary Association, and by the Mission Boards of other Christian denominations. These institutions must train multitudes of competent teachers, who will educate the masses. In these institutions must also be educated a native ministry to meet the wants of their people at home, and to carry the Gospel to the dark continent from which their fathers came. It is difficult to conceive of a work more important, or promising more beneficent results, than that which is being done by the higher educational institutions for the Freedmen. The importance of enlarging their capacity for receiving pupils, and enabling them to aid indigent pupils in defraying the expenses of their education, cannot be over-estimated.

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The relation of the Freedmen to politics raises questions that are very perplexing and threatening. The Southern States have, for the present, virtually disfranchised the colored men; and they seem united and firm in the purpose to exclude them from all influence in politics, unless they will vote for the party that so recently sought to perpetuate their bondage by a dissolution of the Union. What, then, should the colored men do, and what should their friends do for them? Many of them are intelligent and patriotic, and worthy to have a share in the government of the State and the nation. But many of them are as utterly unfit, at present, for such responsibility as are the most ignorant classes in our Northern cities; but they are improving. Every year adds to their intelligence, and if the helping hand of Christian philanthropy is not withheld, they will, by education, by temperance, by morality and more intelligent piety, by industry and the accumulation of property, win for themselves a position of respectability. They will not then need soldiers to protect them at the polls. They will take care of themselves. Their ballots will be received and counted. Not only so, among the whites there will be two parties, as of old, that will vie with each other in soliciting the colored vote, by out-bidding each other in the promise of favors in return. Is it not wisdom, then, for the colored man patiently to bide his time, meanwhile striving more earnestly for the qualifications than for the rights of a voter? And is it not wiser for the friends of the Freedmen to furnish him every facility for acquiring the qualifications of a voter, than to wrangle forever about his rights?

Emerson Institute—Early Discouragements, Later Encouragements.

REV. D. L. HICKOK, MOBILE.

For various reasons, among them the sickness of yellow fever, our work here commenced under very unfavorable circumstances. Our school opened the 20th of November, almost two months after the regular time, with only 17 scholars the first week, and with but little prospect of any considerable increase. The teachers were all new except Miss Stephenson, and hence they did not know what to expect, and therefore not enough about the work to be discouraged. Ignorance, sometimes at least, is bliss. If it did not give us faith, it saved us from being faithless. There are some things that are food in a negative way by preventing the usual waste in the system. Knowledge is power. Ignorance is somewhere along there when it saves us from the need of power. We accepted what we found as being all that we had any right in our simplicity to expect, and carefully hid it as leaven in the meal. The leaven, however, seemed wonderfully “little,” and the meal a great deal more than three measures; but God has blessed our work beyond our expectation and faith. The measure, “according to our faith,” was pressed down and running over. Our numbers rapidly increased so that by Christmas we had about 75 scholars, and after the holidays our numbers came up to more than 150. We still have accessions every week, and the prospect is that before the close of the year we shall have more scholars than we have room for. Already the primary room is filled beyond its seating capacity.

The school has at present four departments: the primary, which numbers about 60; the intermediate, which numbers between 40 and 50; the normal, which numbers about the same, and the higher normal, which at present is only a small class studying Latin, geometry and natural philosophy. The “A” class of the normal, which is quite large, will soon be in this department.

We feel that we are having the confidence and co-operation of the colored people. The last few weeks has encouraged us very much. We recently had a literary, musical and social entertainment[146] for the pupils and patrons of the school. It was held in the normal room of our building, which we also use as an assembly room, where we provided extra seats somewhat beyond rather than according to our faith; but not only was every seat filled, many went away because they could not even find standing room. At the close of the literary exercises the pupils brought forward their parents and friends and introduced them to the teachers, when sociability and “the shaking of the hands” became the order for the remainder of the evening.

The history of our school work for the past few months is repeated in our Sabbath-school and church work. We began with scarcely more than five loaves and two fishes. At the first religious meeting which I attended there were just seven present—five colored and two white people. What were they among so many? But God has graciously given us the increase here also. Our Sabbath-school now numbers 60, with 10 teachers, and is increasing every Sabbath. It is yet a small school, indeed, but it is in good working order. The machinery is complete in all its parts. Its lack is inward rather than outward. It needs only the animating power of the Holy Spirit to make it a living body. We have got the dust together and have formed it, and we are praying that God would breathe into its nostrils that it may become a living soul. To this end the teachers have just resolved to hold a half-hour prayer-meeting at the close of the school each Sabbath.

Our church is quite small. Congregationalism makes but little show in this typical Southern city. It will be a good many years before we have New England on the Gulf; yet I believe the leaven is here that is to leaven the lump. Our church contains a few earnest, faithful workers. There are those who have watched with Christ in the dark hour. Their days of vigilance will soon be over, when they may sleep in Jesus and take their rest. May God bless them!

A Revival of Education—A Useful Church.

REV. GEORGE E. HILL, MARION.

I cannot say that we are enjoying a revival of religion, but we are in the midst of a revival of education, which is here at the South, emphatically, the handmaid of the Gospel. The Lincoln Normal Institute, for colored pupils of both sexes, was founded in 1869 by the A. M. A. Six years ago it passed into the hands of the State, which makes an annual appropriation of $4,000 for the teachers’ salaries.

This year the school has taken a fresh start, having enrolled 217 pupils, and a new building is about to be erected for their accommodation. In the Normal Department for the training of teachers, there are classes in Latin, Greek and French, as well as the higher English branches. The order and discipline are equal to the average of our high schools at the North. Its pupils sustain a literary society, for weekly essays and discussions, and also publish a monthly paper. One young man walks ten miles every day to attend the school.

The influence of such an institution is felt in the very atmosphere. The fever for learning is contagious. Men who work hard all day in the field or at their trade are so eager for knowledge that, to meet the demand, classes have just been organized for a night school.

Meanwhile our little church is keeping on the even tenor of its way. There have been several hopeful conversions, and four are about to unite by profession. No falling off in attendance on Sabbath or evening meetings. Four of our young people are this year at Talladega College, and two promising young men have the ministry in view. Nineteen were present at our teachers’ meeting last week.

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At the “Home” we have three meetings Sunday evenings: one for women, one for boys, and a girls’ class prayer meeting, with a kindergarten for the little ones during the week.

One of the pleasant incidents in our winter’s work has been the distribution of five barrels of clothing from kind friends at the North. The people are poor, but not penurious. A girls’ sewing class has sent $21, the avails of their handiwork, for the Mendi Mission, and the church appropriates the “weekly offering” once a month towards the pastor’s salary.

It is truly delightful to see the readiness of this people for religious instruction, and to witness the fruits of our labor in their marked elevation. They are quick, industrious, pleasing, and unobtrusive in their manners, with a decided distaste for “loudness” of every sort; showing, too, as much decorum at church, and as proper a regard for the Sabbath, as I have ever seen in any community.

From all which, it may be inferred that here, at least, the uplifting process has already passed the stage of incipiency.

LOUISIANA.

Concert—Last Year’s Graduates—Gifts Acknowledged.

PROF. J. K. COLE, STRAIGHT UNIVERSITY.

We have reached another mile-stone in our school work. Many of our older pupils, especially the senior class, would have been glad to keep in harness, but circumstances were favorable for a two days’ break in school routine, and we have it.

Last evening the singing class, under the direction of Prof. McPherron, gave a concert at Central Church. The house was filled with as fine an audience as could be gathered in any city. There was a generous sprinkling of “white folks,” including several of the local board of trustees and other appreciative friends. The proceeds will help some of our needy students to books; while a greater and more lasting good will result from the influence of the music sung—not upon those only who took part in the singing, but upon the large audience who listened so attentively, and who were cheered and encouraged by what the young people of their race are doing.

New scholars come in almost every week, and though some drop out our number is kept well up to 200.

We hear interesting and encouraging reports from our last year’s graduates, who are all teaching. Dr. J. E. Roy has lately seen two of them, and reports that they are doing well. One has an evening school for the parents and older ones, and both are doing good work in Sabbath-school.

In a letter just received from one of them she says that she has to humor the parents in their whims, or they keep their children out of school. She writes: “Before school began my ability to teach was doubted by a father. He wanted to get a book for his son, who had never been to school; he intended to buy a Webster’s speller. I told him what book he needed, but he would not get it until many of the patrons of the school reasoned him into it. I have a Sabbath-school, which is almost beyond my ability to teach. I am superintendent, treasurer, secretary, and everything. I find it difficult to interest the children. Last Sabbath there was an attendance of twenty-seven.” Of her day-school she writes: “It is very difficult to make the children think that they do not know everything. Many of them have been studying books that they cannot even read understandingly. I am trying to govern by kindness as much as possible, and punish only when I see that I cannot possibly help it. I think the children are progressing as rapidly as they could anywhere under like circumstances.”

Thus the influence of our school and[148] our teaching is extended, and in this way are the masses to be reached. Christian people of the North, let the means be liberally provided to educate these teachers who are to carry light and knowledge to their people.

Our work is not all overspread with cloudless skies. We are under many disadvantages, and experience some sore disappointments. Not all whom we look upon with great hopes and earnest desires that their future may be marked by Christian usefulness, meet our expectations. We find careless and idle and heedless pupils; some, though they are very eager to learn, and work hard, make very slow progress; but, to the credit of this people be it said, a stubborn or wilfully disobedient pupil is rare. On the whole, the encouraging cases are largely in the majority, and the opposite kind lead us to exercise more care, perseverance, patience and prayerfulness.

Our thanks are due to the ladies of the Congregational Church at Colchester, Conn., and to the ladies of the Free Church, Andover, Mass., for a barrel of bedding each, for the Mission Home. The contents were especially acceptable at the time received, for the Sunny South had on, just then, a decidedly winterish aspect, with the mercury at 18 degrees. Now we are in the midst of spring, with a profusion of orange blossoms, roses and green leaves.

TEXAS.

Revival—Ministerial Carpentry—Organ and Papers Needed.

REV. S. M. COLES, CORPUS CHRISTI.

“Surely the Lord is in this place and I knew it not.” I have been led to feel the force of these words with somewhat of the surprise of their author, within the last two or three weeks. My work among this people has been, I confess, a little discouraging; but now the Lord has smiled upon us, aye, He has showered upon us blessings from heaven. Brother Thompson, from Helena, has been with us the last four weeks. We have worked together, and God has crowned our feeble efforts with success. In our conference we decided to hold a series of religious meetings, intending thereby to stir up, if possible, the members of the church to greater activity. These meetings were commenced, and, as they continued, the interest deepened, both Christians and sinners being impressed. Many rose and asked the church to pray for them. To our great surprise and joy, sinners have come flocking home, backsliders have been reclaimed, the church has been made alive, and many out of Christ are inquiring. The manifest result of our season of revival thus far is, that six have been added to the church. Four young ladies, all under twenty-three years of age, joined by the profession of their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. One who had backslidden came and acknowledged her sins, professing her belief that God had forgiven the same, asked pardon of the church, and was received back again into the fold. Another came, by letter, from the Baptist church. He was formerly a member of this church, and, as he said, he “only came back again.” And let me say, that these meetings were not characterized by excitement; not the least “shouting” was manifest during their continuance, but there was a deep seriousness shown upon each countenance. The colored people here are so wild and physical in their religious meetings, while our church is so quiet, that they speak skeptically about our Christianity. An A. M. E. minister asked one of our young converts to-day, when she was converted. They are still looking through Elijah’s wind, earthquake and fire for the appearance of God, and but few wish to receive Him through the “still small voice.”

Our financial condition is not what we could wish, but in the circumstances I do not think it could be much better. The members failed this year to meet their pledges; they are fifty dollars[149] short. But this was caused by having to meet unforeseen expenses. We enclosed our church lot just before Christmas. I advised them to do this, as the edifice was so much exposed. The carpenter’s work I did myself, and charged them nothing for it. My Sabbath-school is quite prosperous, but it is not so large now as it has been. Children need something to draw their attention. I find that they are wonderfully attracted by music. We need an organ; but we are too poor to buy one. Will some kind friend send us an organ for our Sabbath-school? I am sure that great good could be done with an organ in attracting the attention of children and drawing them in from the streets. There are numbers of children strolling around on the Sabbath. Children here are allowed to go where they wish. If they want to come to my school, they come; if not, they stay away; and parents have but little influence over them in this respect. I would like to capture such, and I think I should be able to do this with music and papers.

Cannot some of the friends of the missionary cause send us their old Sabbath-school papers when they are done with them, remembering that God will bless their beneficence?

TENNESSEE.

Material and Spiritual Value of the Yellow Fever Fund.

MISS HATTIE A. MILTON.

Various sums were sent to our treasury for the relief of the yellow fever sufferers. This little fund has been distributed in New Orleans, Memphis and Mobile. The accompanying letter from Miss Milton shows the manner of its distribution in Memphis:

“Most of those whom I found worthy of relief were people who were suffering from the effects of the fever, and could only make money enough to pay the rent. To such, a few barrels of coal or some provision and shoes gave a start, so that they could get on very well alone. We have had an unusually cold winter, and people have consequently needed more fuel, the sickly ones often having to remain in bed to keep warm. A pastor of one of the colored churches has been a great help in this work, by reporting needy cases in his part of the city. One poor woman, whom he reported, when visited, said, ‘Sure the Lord must have sent you, for I have tried ever since I had the fever to get help, but being blind could not succeed.’ She was furnished with fuel and provision. She then said, ‘You see how good the Lord is to me because I trust Him.’

“Another man had always done very well until he had the fever, from which he partially recovered, but had a relapse which laid him on his bed for months. His wife also was sick, and the family were in great distress when I visited them, and sent relief, which so encouraged them that the man was soon able to be at work again, and is doing well now. I had never gained access to this neighborhood before, but by relieving this family I gained the confidence of the people, and they invited me to hold a weekly prayer-meeting there, which is well attended. Several families which have been relieved now send their children to our Sunday-school. Although several thousand dollars were sent here to relieve yellow fever sufferers, many of the colored people received but little, some nothing. It is very sad to hear of those who were so feeble that they could not stand in the ranks to await their turn at the relief office, but sat on the ground till night came, and then receiving no attention, went home to die! One man, who had always been a good provider, sent his family to the country during the fever, but fell a victim to it himself, and died, leaving his wife a nice house and lot, but with several debts unpaid, and not a dollar for her support. Within a week after his death a beautiful baby opened its wondering eyes for the first time in this world of trouble. The poor heart-broken mother, instead of welcoming[150] the tiny, helpless creature, only looked at it with tearful eyes and an aching heart, as she had nothing for it, most of their clothing being burned when her husband died, to prevent the spread of the disease. When I found her, the baby was three months’ old, and had never had but two garments, and the mother could not leave the three little ones, all under four years of age, to get work. She was relieved, and now the cold is nearly over, and as she has rented her house and taken small rooms herself, she saves a little money, which, with the work she can get, will, she hopes, keep the wolf from the door, and she is very thankful for the relief that came just when she most needed it.

“I will only add that this relief fund has at least doubled my field of work, besides doing much to call the attention of the people to our school. May God’s blessing rest on those interested in this good work.”

AFRICA.

NATIVE PREACHERS—AN ADVANCE CALLED—TEN NEW COMMUNICANTS—SUNDAY-SCHOOL NEEDS—THE FARM AND MILL.

REV. A. E. JACKSON, AVERY STATION.

We are all enjoying a moderate degree of health, which, of course, is quite encouraging to one laboring in this country, and helps him to enter upon the year’s work with renewed vigor. Finding that I was unable to reach a very great number of country men who live too far from my station to attend services, I have in such localities established preaching stations conducted by the hands employed in the Mission. They meet me each Saturday afternoon, so that I may explain to them the passages of Scripture that they are to use on Sunday at their respective stations. Great good is thus being accomplished. One station, in a very beautiful little town of about twelve hundred inhabitants, is conducted by my interpreter. The meetings are full of interest, and doubtless great good will be accomplished by its thus being established. The chief himself is learning to take a very great interest in the meetings, and, of course, if he expresses an interest in the meetings, the subjects will always attend very largely. I hope to see the chief converted before a very great while. Another station is maintained in a smaller village, where I trust to see greater interest soon manifested.

Avery is the most interior station held by the American Missionary Association in Africa. This one step has been taken, and a sufficient time has elapsed since to teach us that it is all important to push our work farther into the country. There lies on either side of us a vast territory, densely populated by an anxious and thirsty people who are dying for want of the truths of the Gospel.

In regard to the work at Avery, the new year has opened up quite favorably to us in all our departments. The church I am glad to say, is progressing far beyond all expectation. Sunday, Feb. 9, was our communion day, and it did seem as if the presence of the Lord was with each one in spirit and in power. There were added to the church ten souls, who were that day with us permitted to partake of the Lord’s Supper. Another feature connected with the church work is full of interest, and that is the prayer meetings. They are, as a general thing, largely attended by the country men, and great interest is manifested among them. We hope that many will be brought to the Lord during this year; but this will depend very greatly upon earnest prayer on the part of the Christians at home.

One thing is discouraging, and that[151] is the condition of the Sabbath-school. We have no papers, no Bibles, and scarcely any singing-books, with which to carry it on. All who know anything of Sunday-school work are perfectly aware that much depends upon the interest that one is enabled to keep up among the children and adults by such means; it is so with you in civilized countries, much more so in a heathen country, where one is required to teach them everything. Now I am sure that some Sunday-school or some lover of the Christian cause will respond to this, my most humble appeal in the name of Christ, and send such books, papers, etc., to Avery Station as he can afford.

The agricultural department is progressing nicely. Our coffee farm is in a flourishing condition. Many of the trees are in bloom, and some have on them many berries of coffee. I think by another year a greater part of the trees will be bearing well. Our mill is now undergoing repair, and we hope to have it in perfect running order by April 1st.

THE CHINESE.

“CALIFORNIA CHINESE MISSION.”

Auxiliary to the American Missionary Association.

President: Rev. J. K. McLean, D. D. Vice-Presidents: Rev. A. L. Stone, D. D., Thomas C. Wedderspoon, Esq., Rev. T. K. Noble, Hon. F. F. Low, Rev. I. E. Dwinell, D. D., Hon. Samuel Cross, Rev. S. H. Willey, D. D., Edward P. Flint, Esq., Rev. J. W. Hough, D. D., Jacob S. Taber, Esq.

Directors: Rev. George Mooar, D. D., Hon. E. D. Sawyer, Rev. E. P. Baker, James M. Haven, Esq., Rev. Joseph Rowell, Rev. John Kimball, E. P. Sanford, Esq.

Secretary: Rev. W. C. Pond. Treasurer: E. Palache, Esq.

SOME POINTS ON THE CHINESE QUESTION.

Rev. WM. C. POND, SAN FRANCISCO.

1. There are two sides to the question. Many Christians, both laymen and ministers, are earnestly opposed to Chinese immigration, for reasons which seem to them ample and even imperative. As against such reasons, vituperation and contempt fall powerless. But it should be observed that these reasons do not—with, at most, two exceptions—apply to Chinese immigration alone. The Irish laborer underbid the native American, and crowded him out of the field. In some cases great suffering temporarily ensued. But the American at length found other and better fields to which, indeed, the Irishman’s toil prepared his way. It would be so again. The Irish, French and German immigrants have brought with them principles and practices sadly at variance with those which gave us free institutions, our Christian Sabbaths, and our happy homes; and thoughtful Christians viewed this influx of an alien element with great alarm for many years. For the same reasons, and some others, they cannot but view with anxiety an influx from the heathen nations over our Western sea. But what did we do about it in the former case? Did we lock the door? Did we attempt to dyke back the incoming tide? No; but we said, We will meet these people with the Gospel; we will bring their children into our public schools; we will make the very air they breathe redolent with the principles of a genuine Christian liberty, and thus we will make them no longer Irish, or French, or Germans, but, in the second generation, if not the first, Americans all. And this process is saving the nation’s life. Why not try it again with the new immigration from the old Orient?

2. But there are two special reasons for opposing this Chinese immigration; one is, that it consists of unmarried men, homeless and vagrant, and our country needs homes; the other is, that[152] they are exceptionally clannish, refuse to associate and assimilate with us, and remain, after thirty years, as much an alien race as when they first arrived. I feel the force of these facts, but is there not a cause? They are, it is true, a very conservative race; slow to change, and ardently attached to their native land; but if it were otherwise, I submit whether the courtesies they have received are of the sort which would specially incline them to fall in love with our country or ourselves. The Chinese can be Americanized; and in response to treatment such as European immigrants receive, would long ago have begun to make homes and to identify themselves with us. And, by the grace of God and the power of the Gospel, they might have been, and may yet be, educated into intelligent, patriotic and useful citizens. He who doubts this ought no longer to profess and call himself a Christian.

3. There is no occasion to be frightened lest we be overwhelmed by a rush of Chinese immigrants. The lapse of thirty years finds about 100,000 in the United States, and to-day they are going faster than they come; going, not because they are frightened, but for the very sensible reason that they can do better elsewhere. The supply has exceeded the demand. The wealthier Chinese find their impoverished countrymen thrown upon their charities, and they use every influence they can bring to bear to restrain others from coming. What if there are 400,000,000 of them just across the sea; they may as well stay there and starve, as to come 10,000 miles and do the same. If the recent bill had become a law, and had been executed, no others in all the land would have profited by it so much as the Chinese in California.

4. The anti-Chinese mania seems to neutralize, even in otherwise honorable men, all scruple about ascertaining the truth of statements before they make them, or even about repeating statements proven to be false. I brand it as a falsehood that the Chinese in this country are in any sense coolies. They are freemen. If they have borrowed money to come here, it has not been of the Six Companies; nor are the terms on which such loans are made in any wise different from those on which a New Englander might borrow in order to “go west.” I brand it as a falsehood that there is among them any imperium in imperio, defying our laws, and meting out to its victims punishment even unto death. The Six Companies are voluntary societies for mutual aid. Sometimes, instead of going to law, our Chinese agree to refer matters in dispute to the presidents of these companies as a board of arbitrators; but such arbitration is in principle and practice exactly that which American business men often resort to; exactly that which between Christians ought to be always a sufficient substitute for suits at law. Some years ago Chinese merchants were able to arrange with the steamship companies to sell no tickets to Chinamen unless they could show what has been incorrectly called a permit from one or the other of these companies. The object was to prevent men from leaving with their debts unpaid. In order to obtain one of these passes, a man must announce at the office of the company to which he belongs his intention of returning to China, and thus give his creditors, if he have any, an opportunity to protest. The result is, I suppose, that the glorious Anglo-Saxon liberty of running away from unpaid bills is, for them, somewhat curtailed. But our Congregational Association of Christian Chinese has the same authority to issue passes that the Six Companies have, and its passes are equally respected. And for years no Christian Chinaman has recognized any obligation to either of these companies in any way. I go into detail on this point, because much has been[153] made of it, as an out-cropping of that imperium in imperio of which so much has been said. It goes the length that I have stated, and no further.

Finally, I brand as falsehoods the representations constantly made as to the success of missionary labor among the Chinese here. I am sure that Mr. Blaine would not wilfully belittle such a work. He is a follower of Christ, and a friend to his fellow-men, but he has listened to those who were neither of these, or he would never have said that “not one in a thousand have even nominally professed a change from heathenism, and of this small number nearly one-half had been taught in missionary schools in China.” The known and counted results are more than five times as large as the “missionary,” (?) whom he quotes, represents, and of them, I venture to say, that not one in a hundred ever entered the door of a mission-school in China; while their conversion has not been merely nominal and negative, “from heathenism,” but real and positive, to a faithful, prayerful, earnest Christian life. Meanwhile, there are grand results that cannot be measured, but which will tell mightily on the future, in the starting of thought, the loosening of the bonds of superstition, the preparation of the way of the Lord.

Constitution of the American Missionary Association.

INCORPORATED JANUARY 30, 1849.

Art. I. This Society shall be called “The American Missionary Association.”

Art. II. The object of this Association shall be to conduct Christian missionary and educational operations, and to diffuse a knowledge of the Holy Scriptures in our own and other countries which are destitute of them, or which present open and urgent fields of effort.

Art. III. Any person of evangelical sentiments,[A] who professes faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, who is not a slaveholder, or in the practice of other immoralities, and who contributes to the funds, may become a member of the Society; and by the payment of thirty dollars, a life member; provided that children and others who have not professed their faith may by constituted life members without the privilege of voting.

Art. IV. This Society shall meet annually, in the month of September, October or November, for the election of officers and the transaction of other business, at such time and place as shall be designated by the Executive Committee.

Art. V. The annual meeting shall be constituted of the regular officers and members of the Society at the time of such meeting, and of delegates from churches, local missionary societies, and other co-operating bodies, each body being entitled to one representative.

Art. VI. The officers of the Society shall be a President, Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretaries, Treasurer, two Auditors, and an Executive Committee of not less than twelve, of which the Corresponding Secretaries shall be advisory, and the Treasurer ex-officio, members.

Art. VII. To the Executive Committee shall belong the collecting and disbursing of funds; the appointing, counselling, sustaining and dismissing (for just and sufficient reasons) missionaries and agents; the selection of missionary fields; and, in general, the transaction of all such business as usually appertains to the executive committees of missionary and other benevolent societies; the Committee to exercise no ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the missionaries; and its doings to be subject always to the revision of the annual meeting, which shall, by a reference mutually chosen, always entertain the complaints of any aggrieved agent or missionary; and the decision of such reference shall be final.

The Executive Committee shall have authority to fill all vacancies occurring among the officers between the regular annual meetings; to apply, if they see fit, to any State Legislature for acts of incorporation; to fix the compensation, where any is given, of all officers, agents, missionaries, or others in the employment of the Society; to make provision, if any, for disabled missionaries, and for the widows and children of such as are deceased; and to call, in all parts of the country, at their discretion, special and general conventions of the friends of missions, with a view to the diffusion of the missionary spirit, and the general and vigorous promotion of the missionary work.

Five members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum for transacting business.

Art. VIII. This society, in collecting funds, in appointing officers, agents and missionaries, and in selecting fields of labor, and conducting the missionary work, will endeavor particularly to discountenance slavery, by refusing to receive the known fruits of unrequited labor, or to welcome to its employment those who hold their fellow-beings as slaves.

Art. IX. Missionary bodies, churches or individuals agreeing to the principles of this Society, and wishing to appoint and sustain missionaries of their own, shall be entitled to do so through the agency of the Executive Committee, on terms mutually agreed upon.

Art. X. No amendment shall be made in this Constitution without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at a regular annual meeting: nor unless the proposed amendment has been submitted to a previous meeting, or to the Executive Committee in season to be published by them (as it shall be their duty to do, if so submitted) in the regular official notifications of the meeting.

FOOTNOTE:

[Pg 158]

The American Missionary Association.

AIM AND WORK.

To preach the Gospel to the poor. It originated in a sympathy with the almost friendless slaves. Since Emancipation it has devoted its main efforts to preparing the Freedmen for their duties as citizens and Christians in America, and as missionaries in Africa. As closely related to this, it seeks to benefit the caste-persecuted Chinese in America, and to co-operate with the Government in its humane and Christian policy towards the Indians. It has also a mission in Africa.

STATISTICS.

Churches: In the South—In Va. 1; N. C., 5; S. C., 2; Ga., 12; Ky., 7; Tenn., 4; Ala., 13; La., 12; Miss., 1; Kansas, 2; Texas, 5. Africa, 1. Among the Indians, 1. Total 66.

Institutions Founded, Fostered or Sustained in the South.—Chartered: Hampton, Va.; Berea, Ky.; Talladega, Ala.; Atlanta, Ga.; Nashville, Tenn.; Tougaloo, Miss.; New Orleans, La.; and Austin, Texas, 8. Graded or Normal Schools: at Wilmington, Raleigh, N. C.; Charleston, Greenwood, S. C.; Macon, Atlanta, Ga.; Montgomery, Mobile, Athens, Selma, Ala.; Memphis, Tenn., 11. Other Schools, 18. Total 37.

Teachers, Missionaries and Assistants.—Among the Freedmen, 231; among the Chinese, 17; among the Indians, 17; in Africa, 14. Total, 279. Students—In Theology, 88; Law, 17; in College Course, 106; in other studies, 7,018. Total, 7,229. Scholars, taught by former pupils of our schools, estimated at 100,000. Indians under the care of the Association, 13,000.

WANTS.

1. A steady INCREASE of regular income to keep pace with the growing work in the South. This increase can only be reached by regular and larger contributions from the churches—the feeble as well as the strong.

2. Additional Buildings for our higher educational institutions, to accommodate the increasing numbers of students; Meeting Houses, for the new churches we are organizing; More Ministers, cultured and pious, for these churches.

3. Help for Young Men, to be educated as ministers here and missionaries to Africa—a pressing want.

Before sending boxes, always correspond with the nearest A. M. A. office, as below.

MAGAZINE.

This Magazine will be sent, gratuitously, if desired, to the Missionaries of the Association; to Life Members; to all clergymen who take up collections for the Association; to Superintendents of Sabbath Schools; to College Libraries; to Theological Seminaries; to Societies of Inquiry on Missions; and to every donor who does not prefer to take it as a subscriber, and contributes in a year not less than five dollars.

Those who wish to remember the American Missionary Association in their last Will and Testament, are earnestly requested to use the following

FORM OF A BEQUEST.

“I bequeath to my executor (or executors) the sum of —— dollars in trust, to pay the same in —— days after my decease to the person who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the ‘American Missionary Association’ of New York City, to be applied, under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association, to its charitable uses and purposes.”

The Will should be attested by three witnesses [in some States three are required—in other States only two], who should write against their names, their places of residence [if in cities, their street and number]. The following form of attestation will answer for every State in the Union: “Signed, sealed, published and declared by the said [A. B.] as his last Will and Testament, in presence of us, who, at the request of the said A. B., and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have hereunto subscribed our names as witnesses.” In some States it is required that the Will should be made at least two months before the death of the testator.