THE
REGIMENTAL RECORDS
OF THE
BRITISH ARMY.

Uniform.—Scarlet (from 1660). Facings, Blue (probably from 1660, certainly from 1679). Plume, White.

Regimental Badge.—"The Royal Arms."

Nicknames.—"The Cheeses:" when re-modelled in 1788 the veterans declined to serve, alleging that the regiments of Life Guards then consisted of cheesemongers, not gentlemen; also "The Piccadilly Butchers" (having been called out to quell the Piccadilly Riots in 1810); also "Tin Bellies" (from the cuirasses); also "The Patent Safeties."

Notes.—Raised in Holland by Charles II., when in exile, and composed mainly of (80) Cavaliers who had fought in the Civil War under Charles I. The 3rd and 4th (Scots) Troops of Life Guards, added at the Union, but disbanded in 1746, saw much service in Flanders (1742-47). The 1st Life Guards wore cuirasses from its formation to 1698, and resumed them in 1821.

Uniform.—Scarlet (from 1690). Facings, Sea-green (1660 to 1690-1742) in honour of Queen Catherine; blue (since 1742). Plume, White.

Regimental Badge.—"The Royal Arms."

Nickname.—(See note under "The First Life Guards.")

Notes.—Similar in origin to "The First Life Guards," and composed of Cavaliers who, having served under Charles I., fled at his death, entering the Spanish service as "His Royal Highness The Duke of York's Troop of Guards." In 1659 (when peace was declared) they retired to the Netherlands until reorganised by Charles II. in 1660 as "The Third Troop of Life Guards." In 1670 it became "The Second Troop," and was disbanded in 1746. Cuirasses were worn from 1660 to 1698, and were resumed in 1821.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the Life Guards. Containing an Account of the Formation of the Corps in the year 1660, and of its Subsequent Services to 1835. [London: Clowes, 1836.]

Uniform.—Blue with Scarlet facings (from 1661). Plume, Red.

Regimental Badge.—"The Royal Arms."

Nicknames.—(1) The Oxford Blues, circa 1690, from its Colonel's name, the Earl of Oxford, and in distinction to a blue habited Dutch Regiment commanded by the Earl of Portland; (2) The Blue Guards (1742-45) during the Campaign in Flanders; and (3) The Blues—a present day sobriquet.

Notes.—This is the only Cavalry Regiment now extant which formed part of the Parliamentary Army against Charles I., being then known as Colonel Unton Crook's Regiment. King William IV. presented the regiment with a Standard emblazoned with "Dettingen," "Minden," "Warbourg," "Cateau." It wore cuirasses from 1691 to 1698, and resumed them in 1821.

Bibliography.—An Historical Record of The Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, or Oxford Blues. Its Services, and the transactions in which it has been engaged from its first establishment to the present time. By Edmund Packe, late Captain Royal Horse Guards. [London: Clowes, 1834.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (from 1685). Facings, Bright Yellow (the Stuart livery, 1685-1714); Blue Velvet (from 1714). Helmet-plume, Red.

Regimental Badge.—"The Royal Cypher within the Garter."

Nicknames.—"The Trades' Union" (because employed to quell trade riots in the middle of the present century); "The K. D. G.'s" (its initials).

Notes.—Raised chiefly near London during the Monmouth Rebellion, and designated "The Queen's Regiment of Horse," the then "King's Regiment" being "The Blues." Cuirasses were worn to 1698, and from 1704 to 1714. The title was changed in 1714 in recognition of brilliant services in Flanders and Germany.

Bibliography.—Historical Records of the 1st or King's Regiment of Dragoon Guards. From 1685 to 1836. Illustrated with plates. [London: Clowes, 1837.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (from 1685). Facings, Scarlet (1685-1742); Buff (1742-1784); Black Velvet (1784-1855); Buff (from 1855). Helmet-plume, Black.

Regimental Badge.—"The Royal Cypher within the Garter."

Nickname.—"The Bays." In 1767 an order was made for long-tailed bay mounts, other heavy regiments, except the Scots Greys, having black horses. Also "The Rusty Buckles."

Notes.—Raised near London, amongst other troops of horse, by Sir Nicholas Wentworth. For three years cuirasses were worn. The facings were changed to buff between 1690 and 1742. The title in 1715 was given in recognition of its services at the battle of Preston; and that of 1727 on the accession of George II.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 2nd, or Queen's Regiment of Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays), 1685-1837. Illustrated with plates. [London: Clowes, 1837.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (from 1685). Facings, Light Green (1685-1765); White (in 1765 and 1785); Blue (in 1818-19); Yellow (from 1819). Helmet-plume, Black and Red.

Regimental Badges.—"The Royal Cypher and Crown" (from 1685-1765); "The Prince of Wales's Plume," "The Rising Sun," "The Red Dragon"—ancient badges of the Princes of Wales.

Nickname.—"The Old Canaries" (from the facings).

Notes.—Formed from old Regiments of Horse raised in Worcestershire, Oxfordshire, Bedfordshire, and at St. Albans and Dorking; it wore cuirasses from 1685-88 and from 1704-14.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 3rd, or Prince of Wales's Regiment of Dragoon Guards. Illustrated with Plates. [London: Clowes, 1838.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (from 1685). Facings, White (1685-1715); Light Blue (1715-1768); Dark Blue (from 1768). Helmet-plume, White.

Regimental Badges.—"The Harp and Crown" (on the accession of Her Majesty), "The Star of St. Patrick." "The White Horse of Hanover" also appears on the Standard. Motto: "Quis separabit."

Notes.—Raised in various English counties—at London, Lichfield, Grantham, Durham, and Morpeth. Cuirasses were worn in 1685. Its title, in 1788, was bestowed for long service in Ireland.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 4th, or Royal Irish Regiment of Dragoon Guards. 1685-1838. [London: Longman, 1839.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (from 1685). Facings, Buff(1685-1717); Dark Green (from 1717). Helmet-plume, Red and White.

Regimental Device.— VD.G. within the Garter, surrounded by "Princess Charlotte of Wales." Motto, Vestigia nulla retrorsum (borne by John Hampden's Regiment in the Civil War).

Nickname.—"The Green Horse" (see Titles).

Notes.—Originally raised as a Troop of Cuirassiers at Lichfield, Kingston-on-Thames, Chester, Bridgnorth, Bristol, &c. It wore cuirasses till 1688, and resumed them from 1707-14. It captured four Standards at the battle of Blenheim.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 5th, or Princess Charlotte of Wales's Dragoon Guards, 1685-1838. Illustrated with plates. [London: Longman, 1839.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1685-1853); Blue (from 1853). Facings, Sea-green (1685-1715, the favourite colour of Catherine, the Consort of Charles II.); Yellow (1715-68); White Cloth (from 1768). Helmet-plume, White.

Regimental Device.—(Unrecognised in Regulations) The Crossed Carabines, within the Garter, surrounded by "Sixth Dragoon Guards," with Scroll underneath—"The Carabiniers."

Nicknames.—"The Carbs," also "Tichborne's Own" (at the time of the trial of Arthur Orton, Sir Roger Tichborne, Bart., having served in the Regiment).

Notes.—The Sixth Carabiniers (formerly the First Regiment of Carabiniers in recognition of its gallantry in Ireland, in 1690-91) was formed from Troops of Horse raised in various English counties, and received its title in 1692 from being armed with Carabines. At Ramilies it captured the colours of the Royal Bombardiers, and was conspicuous at Neer Landen for its gallantry.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 6th Regiment of Dragoon Guards, or Carabiniers. 1685-1839. Illustrated with plates. [London: Longman. 1839.]
    A Continuation of the Historical Record of the 6th Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers). By Captain [now Major] A. Sprot. [Chatham: Gale and Polden. 1888.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (from 1688). Facings, Black (from 1688). Note.—In 1751 the waistcoat and breeches were buff. Helmet-plume, Black and White.

Regimental Badge.—"The Coronet of Her Majesty the Empress and Queen of Germany and Prussia as Princess Royal of Great Britain and Ireland." Quite recently, however, the War Office has sanctioned the adoption, as the regimental badge, of the arms, crest, and motto of Earl Ligonier. Previously the regimental device consisted of 7DG within the Garter circumscribed "Princess Royal's." On buttons and other appointments the Royal Cypher, Crown, and Wreath are used in one or other combination.

Nicknames.—"The Black Horse" or "The Blacks" (from its facings). "Ligoniers" (from its Colonel's name, 1720-49). "Straw-boots" (from wearing wisps of straw to keep the legs dry when engaged in quelling agricultural riots in the south of England, tempus George II.). "The Virgin Mary's Body-Guard" (in the reign of George II. the regiment was sent to assist the Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria).

Notes.—In 1688 five regiments of horse raised by James II. marched with the Earl of Devonshire to meet the Princess Anne on her flight from London. On accession she commissioned them for permanent service. They wore cuirasses till 1699, and resumed them from 1707-14.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 7th, or Princess Royal's Regiment of Dragoon Guards. 1685-1839. Illustrated with plates. [London: Longman. 1839.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (from 1683). Facings, Dark Blue (from 1683). Helmet-plume, Black.

Regimental Badge.—The "Crest of England" within the Garter, circumscribed by "Spectemur agendo" and surmounted by a crown (Hanoverian). Also "an Eagle," in commemoration of the capture of the Eagle of the 105th French Regiment at Waterloo.

Nickname.—"The Bird-catchers" (also borne by The Second Dragoons and The Royal Irish Fusiliers).

Notes.—Originating in the Troops of Horse engaged in the defence of Tangiers from 1662 to 1684, the First Royal Dragoons have since figured in nearly every campaign with conspicuous bravery. Among its captured standards are, one from the Moors in 1664, that of the "Mousquetaires Noirs" at the battle of Dettingen, and a French Eagle (see above) at the battle of Waterloo. In 1894 the Emperor of Germany was appointed Colonel-in-Chief.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 1st or Royal Regiment of Dragoons. To 1839. Illustrated with plates. [London: Longmans. 1840.]
    Historical Record of the 1st, or The Royal Regiment of Dragoons. By General de Ainslie, Colonel of the Regiment. Illustrated with plates. [London: Chapman & Hall. 1887.]

Uniform.—Probably Stone-Grey when raised, and afterwards changed to Scarlet. Facings, Blue. Plume, White.

Regimental Badges.—"The Thistle" within the Circle, and the motto of St. Andrew, "Nemo me impune lacessit," surmounted by a Crown (from the Union of England and Scotland in 1707). Also "an Eagle," with "Waterloo" (from the capture of the Eagle of the 45th French Regiment). Also the motto, "Second to None" (from circa 1715).

Nickname.—"The Bubbly Jocks," also "The Bird-catchers" (see above: likewise applied to The First Dragoons and The Royal Irish Fusiliers).

Notes.—The oldest regiment of Dragoons in the British Army, and raised in Scotland about 1678 from Troops of Horse, then added to the Establishment. At Ramilies it captured the "Colours" of the French Regiment-du-Roi, whence its distinction of Grenadier caps; also a Standard of the French Guards at Dettingen. At Waterloo, Napoleon spoke of them as "Ces terribles chevaux gris." In 1894 the Emperor of Russia was appointed Colonel-in-Chief of The Greys.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the Royal Regiment of Scots Dragoons, now the 2nd North British Dragoons. To 1839. Illustrated with plates. [London: Longman. 1840.]
    Johnson's Illustrated Histories of Scottish Regiments.

Uniform.—Scarlet with Blue facings (1685-1818); Blue with Scarlet facings (1818-30); Scarlet with Scarlet facings (1830-42); Blue with Scarlet facings (from 1842). Plume, White.

Regimental Badge.—"The White Horse" (of Hanover) within the Garter, with the motto, "Nec aspera terrent."

Nicknames.—"Lord Adam Gordon's Life Guards" (from its long detention in Scotland under that officer). "Bland's Dragoons" (in honour of a former Colonel).

Notes.—The title on formation was bestowed in honour of the Queen Consort.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 3rd, or King's Own Regiment of Light Dragoons. 1685-1846. Illustrated with plates. [London: Parker. 1847.]
    Historical Record of the 3rd or King's Own Regiment of Light Dragoons. 1685-1857. Illustrated with plates. By George E. F. Kountze, Captain, half-pay, late 3rd Light Dragoons. [London: B. W. Cousins.]
    Historical Records of the 3rd, or Kings Own Light Dragoons. [Glasgow. 1833.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1685-1815); Blue (1818-30); Scarlet (1830-42); Blue (from 1842). Facings, Light Green (1685-1818); Yellow (1818-36); Light Green (1836-42); Scarlet (1842-61); Blue (from 1861). Helmet-plume, Scarlet.

Regimental Badge.—None recognised in Regulations, but on pouch are worn the Royal Cypher and Crown; also on Shabraque Q. O. interlaced, surmounted by a Crown, and dominating the regimental number, 4H.

Nickname.—"Paget's Irregular Horse" (circa 1842) from its loose drill after return from India; in the first five years' service it lost, from fever and cholera, no less than 12 officers and 500 non-commissioned officers and men.

Notes.—Formed from Independent Troops, raised at Warminster, Shaftesbury, Shepton Mallet, Glastonbury, Frome, Wincanton, Ilchester, and Bradford, and named in honour of the youngest daughter of William III. and Mary, afterwards Queen Anne.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 4th, or Queen's Own Regiment of Light Dragoons. 1685-1842. Illustrated with a plate. [London: Parker. 1843.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with Blue facings (1689-1798); Blue with Scarlet facings (from 1858). Lancer-cap plume, Green.

Regimental Badge.—"The Harp and Crown." Motto, "Quis Separabit."

Nicknames.—"The Daily Advertisers"; also "The Redbreasts."

Notes.—The old Fifth was the senior of the two regiments of Inniskilling Dragoons, the Second being now represented by the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons. Marlborough specially recognised its gallantry at Blenheim; and at Ramilies (with the Scots Greys) it captured two French battalions, for which it, like the Greys, was allowed to wear Grenadier caps. It was disbanded in 1798, after good service, on the discovery of a plot by new recruits to murder the officers and loyal men.

Bibliography.—Short articles appear in Grose's Military Antiquities, and in the Military Recorder.

Uniform.—Scarlet with Yellow facings (from 1689). Plume, White.

Regimental Badge.—"The Castle of Inniskilling," with "The St. George's Colours Flying," and the word "Inniskilling" underneath.

Nickname.—"The Skillingers"; also "The Old Inniskillings."

Notes.—Originally the Cavalry arm of the forces raised for the defence of Enniskillen in 1689 (with the Royal Irish Dragoons, and the Inniskilling Fusiliers, or late 27th Foot).

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 6th, or Inniskilling Regiment of Dragoons. 1689-1843. Illustrated with plates. [London: Parker. 1843.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1690-1784); Blue (1784-1830); Scarlet (1830-41); Blue (from 1841). Facings, White (1690-1818); Blue (from 1818). Helmet-plume, White.

Regimental Badge.—"The Royal Cypher within the Garter."

Nicknames.—"The Old Saucy Seventh" (in the Peninsula), "The Lily-white Seventh" (from its light blue uniform and white facings, before 1818), "Young Eyes"; also "Old Straws" or "Strawboots" (for substituting, at Warbourg, 1760, strawbands for worn-out boots).

Notes.—Formed in Scotland from Independent Troops of Horse that fought at Killiecrankie. Disbanded in 1713, but restored two years later, mainly from two troops of the present 1st, and three troops of the present 2nd Dragoons. It suffered severely at Waterloo, and distinguished itself in the Mutiny.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 7th, or Queen's Own Regiment of Hussars. 1690-1842. Illustrated with a plate. [London: Parker. 1842]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1693-1784); Blue (1784-1802); Light Blue or Cavalry Grey (1802-22); Dark Blue (from 1822). Facings, Yellow (1693-1777); Blue (1777-84); Scarlet (1784-1822); Blue (from 1822). Helmet-plume, Red and White.

Regimental Badge.—"The Harp and Crown." Motto: "Pristinæ virtutis memores."

Nickname.—"The Cross Belts" (1768), from its privilege of wearing the sword-belt over the left shoulder, in recognition of services at Saragossa, where it took the belts of the Spanish Cavalry; of this fact, however, there is no official record; also "The Georges" (from its Colonel's name, 1740-51); also "The Dirty Eighth."

Notes.—Composed originally of loyal Protestants who had fought at the Boyne. It gained much distinction in Spain and Flanders; and received its title, crest, and motto in 1777 as special marks of Royal favour. It shared largely in the glory of Leswarree and other Indian actions—in short, few regiments can boast a more honourable record than "The Royal Irish."

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 8th, or King's Royal Irish Regiment of Hussars. 1693-1843. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1844.]
    Historical Record of the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars. To 1803. By John Francis Smet, M.D., late Surgeon, 8th Hussars. [London: Mitchell. 1874.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1715-84); Blue (1784-1830); Scarlet (1830-41); Blue (from 1841). Facings: Buff (1715-1805); Crimson (1805-30); Blue (1830-41); Scarlet (from 1841). Lancer-cap plume, Black and White.

Regimental Badge.—"The Royal Cypher within the Garter."

Nickname.—"The Delhi Spearmen" (a native sobriquet).

Notes.—The senior of several regiments of Dragoons restored in 1715, which had been disbanded after Utrecht. Raised in the southern counties, it served uninterruptedly in Ireland for eighty-six years to 1803, and in its title received special favour at the hands of Queen Adelaide in 1830. It gained distinction for service during the Indian Mutiny, and is the only British cavalry regiment with "Charasiah," "Kabul, 1879," and "Kandahar, 1880" on its Colours.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 9th, or Queen's Royal Regiment of Light Dragoons (Lancers). 1715-1841. Illustrated with a plate. [London: Parker. 1841.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1715-83); Blue (from 1784). Facings, Deep Yellow (1715-1811); Scarlet (1811-1819); Blue (from 1819); Helmet-plume, Black and White.

Regimental Badges.—"The Prince's Plume," "The Rising Sun," "The Red Dragon" (from 1783, ancient Badges of the Princes of Wales). Also "The White Horse."

Nicknames.—"Baker's Light Bobs" (when under the command of Valentine Baker). "The Don't Dance Tenth" (an officer told his hostess at a ball, "The Tenth Don't Dance"). "The Chainy Tenth" (from the pattern of the pouch belt).

Notes.—Raised in Hertfordshire and adjoining counties; the regiment received its "baptism of fire" in the Jacobite rising of 1745. Since then its colours show its record.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 10th, The Prince of Wales's Own Royal Regiment of Hussars. 1715-1842. Illustrated with plates. [London: Parker. 1843.]
    The Memoirs of the 10th Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales's Own). By Colonel R. S. Liddell, late 10th Hussars. Illustrated. [London: Longmans. 1891.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1715-83); Blue (1783-1830); Scarlet (1830-40); Blue (from 1840). Facings: Buff (1715-1840); Blue (from 1840). Plume, Crimson and White.

Regimental Badges.—"The Crest and Motto (Treu und Fest) of the late Prince Consort"; also "The Sphinx" for Egypt (1801).

Nicknames.—"The Cherry-pickers" (from Peninsula times, a detachment having been taken prisoners in a fruit-garden during the campaign). "The Cherubims" (from the crimson overalls).

Notes.—Raised in Essex and adjoining counties. It is stated the regiment was first mounted on grey horses, and bore the motto, "Motus Componere." Its present title was bestowed because it escorted the Prince Consort on the occasion of his marriage to Her Majesty.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 11th, or Prince Albert's Own Regiment of Hussars. 1715-1842. [London: Parker. 1843.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1715-84); Blue (1784-1830); Scarlet (1830-42); Blue (from 1842). Facings, White (1715-68); Black (1768-84); Yellow (1784-1817); Scarlet (1817-30); Blue (1830-42); Scarlet (from 1842). Plume, Scarlet.

Regimental Badges.—"Plume of the Prince of Wales," "The Rising Sun," "The Red Dragon" (in honour of the Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV., whose crests they were); also "The Sphinx," for Egypt (1801).

Nickname.—"The Supple Twelfth."

Notes.—Originally raised in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Hampshire, it served in Ireland, from 1717, for seventy-six years. In Egypt it captured a French Convoy with Colours.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 12th, Prince of Wales's Royal Regiment of Lancers. 1715-1842. Illustrated with a plate. [London: Parker. 1842]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1715-84); Blue (1784-1832); Scarlet (1832-40); Blue (from 1840). Facings, Green (1715-84); Pale Buff (1784-1836); Green (1836-40); Buff (from 1840). Plume, White.

Regimental Badge.—None recognised in Regulations, but "The Royal Cypher and Crown" appear on appointments. The motto, "Viret in Æternum," has been borne since its formation.

Nicknames.—Familiar in 18th century as "The Green Dragoons" (from the facings); "The Ragged Brigade" (during the Peninsular War, when its arduous services debarred much attention to appearances); "The Evergreens" (from its facings and punning motto); "The Geraniums" (for smartness of appearance); and "The Great Runaway Prestonpans" (in allusion to the panic which seized some of the men in the fight with the Jacobite rebels).

Notes.—Raised in the Midlands, the services of this regiment have been of the most distinguished order. It formed part of the Balaclava Light Brigade. In the Peninsula it served in no less than thirty-two affairs, not counting general actions, losing 274 men and 1,009 horses.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 13th Regiment of Light Dragoons. 1715-1842. [London: Parker. 1842.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1715-84); Dark Blue (1784-1830); Scarlet (1830-40); Blue (from 1840). Facings, Lemon Yellow (1715-1798); Orange (the livery of Brandenburg, 1798-1830); Scarlet (in 1830), and shortly afterwards Blue (1830-40); Scarlet (1840-61); Blue (from 1861). Plume, White.

Regimental Badges.—"The Royal Crest within the Garter," also "The Prussian Eagle" (adopted in 1798 in honour of the Duchess of York, the Princess Royal of Prussia).

Nicknames.—"The Ramnuggur Boys" (having encountered enormous odds at the battle in question); "The Emperor's Chambermaids" (bestowed while in India).

Notes.—Raised in the South of England by Colonel Dormer (see Royal Warwickshire Regiment). Its record of services shows its fame. Especially in the Peninsula, in the Punjaub, in Persia, and in Central India has it gained distinction.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 14th, or the Kings Regiment of Light Dragoons. Illustrated with plates. [London: Parker. 1847.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1759-84); Blue (from 1784). Facings, Green (1759-66); Dark Blue (1766-84); Scarlet (1784-1822); Blue (from 1822). Plume, Scarlet.

Regimental Badge.—"The Crest of England within the Garter." Motto: "Merebimur," for valour, in Germany in 1766; also a helmet inscription: "Five Battalions of Foot defeated and taken by this Regiment, with their Colours and nine pieces of Ordnance, at Emsdorf, 16 July, 1760." The scarlet plume was also conferred in 1799 as a distinction.

Nicknames.—"The Fighting Fifteenth."

Notes.—This notable regiment was raised near London, and commenced its distinguished career the following year at Emsdorf (see above). Subsequently, at Villers-en-Couché, where it captured three guns, in Holland (1799), and in the Peninsula campaigns it gained further renown.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 15th, or King's Regiment of Light Dragoons (Hussars). 1759-1841. [London: Parker. 1841.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1759-83; possibly for a year or two after formation this may have been red with yellow facings); Blue (1783-1832); Scarlet (from 1832). Facings, Black (1759-66, but see above); Dark Blue (1766-83); Scarlet (1783-1832); Blue (from 1832). Plume, Black.

Regimental Badge.—"The Royal Cypher within the Garter." Motto, "Aut cursu, aut cominus armis" (bestowed in 1766 for services in Portugal on the regiment becoming "The Queen's.")

Nickname.—"The Red (or Scarlet) Lancers"; being the only Lancers with the scarlet tunic.

Notes.—Raised near London during the Seven Years' War. The first Lancer regiment to serve in India.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 16th, or Queen's Regiment of Light Dragoons (Lancers). 1759-1841. Illustrated with a plate. [London: Parker. 1842.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1759-84); Blue (1784-1830); Scarlet (1830-40); Blue (from 1840). Facings, White (from 1759). Plume, White.

Regimental Badge.—"A Death's Head," with the words "Or Glory." This, chosen by Colonel Hale, who raised the corps in Hertfordshire and near London, was intended to commemorate the death of General Wolfe at Quebec (1759). Colonel Hale was with him at the time, and subsequently bore the home despatches.

Nickname.—"The Death or Glory Boys," or "The Skulls and Crossbones" (see Badge); "Bingham's Dandies" (circa 1826)—one of its Colonels, Lord Bingham, insisting on perfection of fit in uniform, and smartness in accoutrement; "The Gentleman Dragoons;" "The Horse Marines" (when employed as marines on board the Hermione frigate on the West India station in 1795).

Notes.—First raised as the 18th Light Dragoons, and renumbered on the disbandment of the old 17th. This regiment was one of those taking part in the famous charge at Balaclava. Renamed in 1876 in honour of the Duke of Cambridge, who served in its ranks.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 17th Regiment of Light Dragoons (Lancers). 1759-1841. Illustrated with plates. [London: Parker. 1841.]
    A History of the 17th Lancers (Duke of Cambridge's Own). By the Hon. J. W. Fortescue. [London: Macmillan. 1895.]
    The "Death or Glory Boys": The Story of the 17th Lancers. By D. H. Parry. [London: Cassell. 1900.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (1759——?); subsequently, and at disbandment, Dark Blue; Blue (from 1858). Facings, White (1759-1821); Blue (from 1858). Plume, Scarlet and White.

[55]

Regimental Badge.—None recognised in Regulations; but in the case of both the late and the present 18th "The Royal Cypher and Crown" appeared and appears on the appointments. Motto, "Pro Rege, pro Lege, pro Patria Conamur"—"We Strive for Sovereign, Laws, and Country."

Notes.—The first 18th is now the 17th Lancers; the present 18th, raised at Leeds in 1858, was allowed to revive the "honours" of the old corps, disbanded in 1821; the motto and the scarlet and white plume were restored in 1878.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 18th Hussars. By Captain Harold Esdaile Malet. [London: Clowes. 1869.]

Uniform.—Scarlet, and Green facings (1779-83); Dark Blue, and Light Yellow facings (in 1821); Blue, with Blue facings (from 1858). Plume, White.

Regimental Badge.—"The Elephant" (for the distinguished services of the old 19th Light Dragoons in India).

Nicknames.—"The Dumpies" (when raised in 1858, from the small stature of its men); "The Droghedas" (of the first 19th).

Notes.—The old 19th received a honorary Standard from the late Hon. East India Company for distinction at Assaye; its badge, "The Elephant," was also then bestowed.

Bibliography.—Colburn's United Service Magazine. 1873. [Art.]
    The Nineteenth and their Times. By Colonel John Biddulph. [London: Murray. 1900.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and Yellow (afterwards Black) facings (1759-63); Scarlet and Yellow facings (1779-83); Blue and Yellow (afterwards Orange) facings (1791-1814); Blue and Blue facings (from 1858). Plume, Yellow.

Regimental Badge.—None recognised in Regulations: on appointments "The Royal Cypher and Crown with XXH ."

Bibliography.—Colburn's United Service Magazine. 1876. [Art.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and Dark Blue facings (1759-63); Scarlet and White facings (1779-83); Blue and Yellow facings (when raised in 1794); Blue and Pink facings (in 1814); Blue and Black Velvet facings (in 1815); Blue and Blue facings (from 1858-97); Blue and French Grey facings (from 1897). Plume, White.

Regimental Badge.—None recognised in Regulations. On appointments "The Royal Cypher and Crown with XXIH ."

Notes.—A detachment of this regiment served at St. Helena as guard to the Emperor Napoleon when in exile. The recent title was conferred in recognition of its brilliant services at Omdurman.

Uniform.—Blue with Scarlet facings. Plume, White.

Regimental Badges.—The Royal Arms and Supporters, with a Cannon. The mottoes, "Ubique" (Everywhere) over, and "Quo fas et glori ducunt" ("Whither Right and Glory lead us") under the gun.

Nicknames.—"The Gunners;" "The Four-wheeled Hussars" (of the Royal Horse Artillery).

Notes.—Trains of artillery seem first to have been raised in the time of Henry VIII.; and up to 1716 appear to have been disbanded after each campaign. In 1716 several companies received permanent corporate existence, since which the exigencies of modern warfare have led to an enormous increase in the number of batteries. But, from first to last the record of the Royal Artillery has been one of distinction, and it may fitly be said to share the honours of all other regiments. The Royal Irish Artillery were absorbed in 1801, and the East India Company's Artillery in 1858.

Bibliography.—History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Compiled from the original Records. By Captain Francis Duncan, M.A., D.C.L. 2 vols. [London: Murray. 1872.]
    History of the Horse Brigade. [London: Mitchell.]
   History of the Regiment of Bengal Artillery. By F. W. Stubbe. 2 vols. [1877.]
    Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution. Passim.

Uniform.—Scarlet and Black velvet facings (in 1717); Scarlet and Orange facings (1772-88); Dark Blue and Black facings (1788-1813); Scarlet and Dark Blue facings (from 1813).

[67]

Regimental Badge.—"The Royal Arms and Supporters," with the mottoes, "Ubique" over, and "Quo fas et gloria ducunt" below.

Nickname.—"The Mudlarks"; "The Measurers"; "The Flying Bricklayers" (of the mounted contingent).

Notes.—a company of Engineer Militia is attached to the corps: also incorporated (from 1858) the Bengal, Bombay, and Madras Engineers.

Bibliography.—History of the Royal Sappers and Miners. By T. W. J. Connolly. 2 vols. [London: 1855.]
    The Royal Engineers. By the Right Hon. Sir Francis B. Head, Bart. [London: Murray. 1869.]
    History of the Corps of Royal Engineers. By Whitworth Porter, Major-General, Royal Engineers. 2 vols. [London: Longmans. 1889.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with Blue facings (from formation).

Regimental and other Badges.—On formation "The Red Cross of St. George" on a white ground; also (till 1815) "The Royal Cypher and Crown." From 1815 "A Grenade," with three of the ancient company badges in rotation (as Colours are renewed). Also, 1st Batt.—The Imperial Crown. 2nd. Batt.—The Royal Cypher, interlaced and reversed, surmounted by the Imperial Crown. 3rd Batt.—The same as 2nd Batt. The company badges are:—

Nicknames.—"The Sand Bags," "The Coal-heavers," "Old Eyes," "The House-maids' Pets," "The Bermuda Exiles."

Notes.—First raised in London by Colonel John Russell, and incorporated with the Royal Guards of Charles II., raised by Lord Wentworth in the Low Countries in 1656. The title received in 1815 was in recognition of having defeated the French Imperial Guards at Waterloo.

Bibliography.—The Origin and History of the 1st or Grenadier Guards. By Lieut.-Gen. Sir T. W. Hamilton, K.C.B. 3 vols. With Illustrations. [London: Murray. 1874.]

Uniform.—Scarlet faced with Green (1650-70); Scarlet faced with Blue (from 1670).

Regimental and other Badges.—In 1660 a red cross on a green ground with six white balls; in 1684 a St. George's Cross, bordered white on a blue ground. The Regulation device is for 1st and 3rd Batts., the Star of the Order of the Garter, surmounted by the Imperial Crown; 2nd Batt., a Star of eight points within the Garter, surmounted by the Imperial Crown, the Union within the dexter canton. Also in twos, in succession, as the Colours are renewed, the following company badges conferred by Royal Authority in 1751:—

Nicknames, &c.—"The Coldstreamers." "The Nulli Secundus Club."

Notes.—The Regiment of Coldstream Guards is the direct and only descendant of the Parliamentary Infantry, all other corps having been disbanded at the Restoration. It derives its name from Monck's march from Coldstream to restore Charles II.

Bibliography.—The Origin and Services of the Coldstream Guards. By Colonel Sir Daniel MacKinnon. 2 vols. [London: Bentley. 1833.]
    A History of the Coldstream Guards from 1815 to 1895. By Lieut.-Col. Ross of Bladensburg, C.B. [London: 1896.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and White facings (from 1660 to circa 1713); Scarlet and Blue facings (from circa 1713).

Regimental and Other Badges.—The 1st Batt.: The Royal Arms of Scotland, with motto, "En! Ferus Hostis," surmounted by the Imperial Crown; 2nd Batt.: The Union Badge, viz., the Rose, Thistle, and Shamrock, with the motto, "Unita Fortior," surmounted by the Imperial Crown. Also two of sixteen company badges, with mottoes borne in rotation, as follows:—

Nickname.—"The Jocks."

Notes.—Raised in Scotland by the Earl of Linlithgow.

Uniform.—Scarlet with White facings (from 1678 probably to 1684); Scarlet and Blue facings (since 1684).

Regimental Badges.—"The Royal Cypher" within the Collar of St. Andrew and the Crown over it. Also "The Thistle and Crown," with the Motto of the Order, "Nemo me impune lacessit." Also, The Sphinx, for Egypt (1801). In 1633 it bore the St. Andrew's Cross, with the Thistle and Crown; and, in 1751, the distinction of the Colours of the 2nd Batt. was a flaming ray of gold from the upper corner of each Colour to the centre.

Nickname.—"Pontius Pilate's Body-guard" (from its antiquity).

Notes.—Traditionally regarded as the ancient body-guard of the Scottish kings, this famous corps was in the service of Sweden, as "Hepburn's Regiment," from 1625 to 1633; and in that of France from 1633 to 1678, when (under Dumbarton) it came to England. It received its title in 1684 in recognition of the capture of a Colour from the Moors at Tangier. At Sedgemoor (1685) it also captured the Duke of Monmouth's Standard.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 1st, or Royal Regiment of Foot. To 1838. Illustrated. [London: Longman. 1838.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and Sea-Green facings (1661-1768; sea-green was the favourite colour of Queen Catherine; see also "Badges"); Scarlet with Blue facings (from 1768).

Territorial Badges.—"The Paschal Lamb" (the crest of the house of Braganza) with the mottoes, "Pristinæ virtutis memor" and "Vel exuviæ triumphant." Also "The Royal Cypher within the Garter." Also "The Sphinx," for Egypt (1801).

Nicknames.—"Kirke's Lambs" (during the Monmouth Rebellion, 1683, under the Colonelcy of Piercy Kirke the reputation of the regiment was none of the best). "The Sleepy Queen's" (at Almeida, 1810, they carelessly allowed General Brennier to escape). "The Governor's Regiment" (on its formation for service in Tangier).

Notes.—Tangier was part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza, the Queen of Charles II. "The Paschal Lamb" is the crest of the royal house of Braganza, and the facings (sea-green) on formation were also in honour of the Queen. For gallantry at Tongres it received its title in 1703; also possibly its second motto ("Even the Remnant Triumph"), a most desperate resistance of twenty-eight hours' duration having there been offered to the French attack. The other motto ("Mindful of Ancient Valour") is thought to refer to Marlborough's Spanish campaigns, in which it saw much service, besides having been specially selected for reinforcements.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 2nd, or Queen's Royal Regiment of Foot 1661-1837. [London: Clowes. 1837.]
    History of the 2nd Queen's Royal Regiment, now the Queen's (Royal West Surrey) Regiment. By Colonel John Davis, F.S.A. Maps and Illustrations. Vol. 1, 1661-84. Vols. 2 and 3, 1684-1799. [London: Bentley. 1887-95.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with Buff facings (from 1665).

Regimental Badges.—"The Dragon" (a badge of Queen Elizabeth). Also "The United Red and White Rose with the Imperial Crown" (also probably dating back to the Virgin Queen). Also "The White Horse of Kent," with "Invicta" (in 1751 "The White Horse" was that of Hanover, but with the territorial classification the change was made). Motto, "Veteri frondescit honore." In 1686 the regiment bore "The Red Cross of St. George," bordered with white on a green ground.

Nicknames, &c.—"The Buff Howards" (1737-49—from its Colonel's name). "The Nutcrackers," and "The Resurrectionists" (at Albuera it is said to have shown despatch in cracking the heads, and to have rallied after dispersal at the hands of the Polish Lancers). "The Old Buffs" (to distinguish it from the 31st, the "Young Buffs").

Notes.—The Regiment of Buffs possesses the privilege of marching unhindered through the City of London with drums beating—a relic of Elizabethan days. At Punniar it captured eleven guns and a standard.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 3rd Regiment of Foot, or The Buffs. To 1838. Illustrated with plates. [London: Longman. 1839.]

Uniform.—Scarlet, with bright Yellow facings (the Stuart livery, 1680-88), Scarlet, with Blue facings (from 1688).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Lion of England" (conferred by William III.). Also "The Royal Cypher within the Garter. Also "The Red Rose of Lancaster," since its territorial assignment to the County of Lancaster.

Nicknames.—"Barrell's Blues" (from its Colonel's name, circa 1734-9, and long afterwards). "The Lions" (from its badge).

Notes.—This regiment was, like The Queen's, originally raised near London, and in the West of England, for the defence of Tangier. It became a "Royal" regiment in recognition of its devotion to William III. From 1704 to 1710 it served as a Marine corps. The present 2nd Battalion was formed in 1858.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 4th, or The King's Own Regiment of Foot. 1680-1839. Illustrated with plates. [London: Longman. 1839.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (since 1688). Facings.—At first Yellow, subsequently changed to Green; in 1832 a "faded-leaf" Green; afterwards White, and now (1900) Gosling-green.

Regimental and other Badges.—"St. George and the Dragon" (adopted when "The Irish Regiment" became English). Also "The United Red and White Rose, with the Royal Crest," and the Motto "Quo fata vocant" (from 1751).

Nicknames.—(1) "The Shiners" (at the time of "The Seven Years' War," from its smart appearance). Also (from Peninsula times) "The Old Bold Fifth" and "The Fighting Fifth." Also known, through being at headquarters in 1811, "Lord Wellington's Body-guard."

Notes.—For defeating a French division of Grenadiers at Wilhelmstahl (1762) it was granted the privilege of wearing Fusilier caps; also a white plume for gallantry at St. Lucia, and when it took the feathers from the caps of their French opponents. The 5th is now the only regiment retaining the distinction by a red and white hackle. At Wilhelmstahl Phœbe Hassell, the notorious "female soldier," served in the ranks. Its investment of Ciudad Rodrigo was specially commended by Lord Wellington. The territorial title was bestowed in 1782 in compliment to its Colonel, Earl Percy.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the Fifth Regiment of Foot, or Northumberland Fusiliers. 1674 to 1837. [London: Clowes. 1838.]
    A Short Narrative of the 5th Regiment of Foot, or Northumberland Fusiliers. Printed for Private Circulation. [London: Howard, Jones, and Parkes. 1873.]

Uniform.—Red and Deep Yellow facings (1673-1832); Scarlet with Blue facings (since 1832).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Antelope" (an ancient Royal Badge—in Henry VI.'s reign one of the supporters of the Royal Arms). Also "The United Red and White Rose with the Imperial Crown" (the rose is with stalk and leaves—the Tudor rose had none of these appendages—and is thought to have been the badge of all the "Holland regiments.") Also "The Rampant Bear Chained to a Ragged Staff"—"Old Neville's Crest"—borne only since the territorial re-organisation.

Nicknames.—"Guise's Geese," "The Warwickshire Lads," "The Saucy Sixth."

Notes.—As in the case of the Northumberland Fusiliers, this is one of the regiments that returned, after service in Holland, with William of Orange in 1688. Its service has always been distinguished—it was cut up at Almanza in 1707—and the Iron Duke characterised its performance at Eschalar (Pyrenees, 1813) as "the most gallant and finest thing I have ever witnessed." Also at Niagara it won special distinction, since when its general Colonial service has been unique.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 6th, or 1st Royal Warwickshire Regiment of Foot. 1674-1838. Illustrated. [London. Longman. 1839.]

Uniform.—Red, with Yellow facings (1685); Red and Dark Blue facings (in 1742); now Scarlet and Blue facings.

Regimental and other Badges.—"The United Red and White Rose within the Garter, with the Crown over it." Also "The White Horse."

Nicknames, &c.—"The Hanoverian White Horse." "The Elegant Extracts."

Notes.—Raised at the time of the Monmouth Rebellion.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 7th Regiment, or Royal Fusiliers. 1685-1846. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1847.]
    Historical Record of the 7th, or Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. Printed for private circulation. By Colonel G. H. Waller, Royal Fusiliers. [Dublin. 1877.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and bright Yellow facings (1685 to 1716); Scarlet and Blue facings (from 1716).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The White Horse within the Garter" (for services during the Jacobite rising of 1715, the corps suffering heavily at Dunblane. At the same time and for a similar reason it received its title of "King's"). Also "The Royal Cypher and the Imperial Crown." Also "The Sphinx," for Egypt (1801). Motto, "Nec aspera terrent" ("Nor do difficulties terrify us").

Notes.—Raised chiefly in Derbyshire at the time of the Monmouth Rebellion.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 8th, or King's Regiment of Foot. 1685-1844. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1844.]
    Historical Record of The King's (Liverpool) Regiment of Foot. 1685-1881. By General Cunningham Robertson. Illustrated. [London: Harrison. 1883.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with Blue facings (from 1685 to well on in the 18th Century); Scarlet and Yellow facings (in 1751). In Irish Army Lists, circa 1718-46, it is set down as with Orange facings. At present Scarlet and White facings.

Regimental Badge.—"The Figure of Britannia"—"This distinguished badge was given to you for your gallantry at the battle of Almanza, during the War of Succession in Spain, by Queen Anne. On the occasion of that battle it is recorded that you lost 24 officers and had 300 killed and wounded out of 467. In retiring from the field the regiment covered the retreat of General Lord Galway, a most arduous, hazardous, and difficult service. The regiment thus upheld the honour of Great Britain, and was rewarded for it by Queen Anne by allowing them to wear the figure of Britannia on their breastplates."—General Bainbridge, in 1848, when presenting new Colours.

Nicknames, &c.—"The Holy Boys" (tradition says, for selling Bibles for drink in the Peninsula; but tradition likewise says because the Spaniards mistook the figure of Britannia on their belts for the Virgin Mary). "The Fighting Ninth." "The Norfolk Howards."

Notes.—It captured the Colours of the 2nd Hampshire Regiment at Fort Anne in 1777.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 9th, or East Norfolk Regiment of Foot. 1685-1847. Illustrated with plates. [London: Parker. 1848.]

Uniform.—Blue faced with Red (when raised); Scarlet and Yellow facings (subsequently, but when is unknown); Scarlet with White facings (present time).

Regimental Badge.—"The Sphinx," for Egypt (1801).

Nickname.—"The Springers" (during American War: also applied to the 62nd).

Notes.—The 10th were the only regiment of Foot dressed in Blue when raised. Amongst other distinctions this regiment has been wrecked, has lost its way in the Arabian desert, has been attacked by plague, and took part in a gallant dash without the loss of a man. In the Mutiny it did much hard work.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 10th (or North Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot. 1685-1847. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1847.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and "Tawny" facings (in 1685); Scarlet and Green facings (in 1742); Scarlet and White facings (present time).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Castle of Exeter." Motto, "Semper fidelis" (an allusion to the Civil Wars).

Nickname.—"The Bloody Eleventh" (from its having been cut to pieces at Salamanca by the French, when capturing a standard).

Notes.—The regiment captured the drums of the 11th French Infantry at Flushing. Its service is fitly and truly described by its motto ("Always faithful").

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 11th, or North Devon Regiment. 1685-1845. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1845.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and White facings (in 1685); Scarlet and Yellow facings (in 1751); Scarlet and White facings (present time).[A]

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Castle and Key" (the arms of Gibraltar, where it served on defensive for many years), and the Motto, "Montis insignia calpe."

Nickname.—"The Old Dozen" (from the late regimental number).

Notes.—This regiment was first raised in Norfolk and Suffolk. At the storming of Seringapatam it captured eight stand of colours.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 12th, or East Suffolk Regiment. 1685-1847. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1847.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and Yellow facings (1685-1842); Scarlet and Blue facings (from 1842).

Regimental and other Badges.—"A Mural Crown" superscribed "Jellalabad" (where it captured three standards from the Afghans). Also "The Sphinx" for "Egypt" (1801).

Nicknames.—"The Bleeders," "The Illustrious Garrison," "The Jellalabad Heroes."

Notes.—Chiefly raised in Buckinghamshire. For its services at Culloden (1746) it wears the sash knots on the right side.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 13th, 1st Somerset, or Prince Albert's Light Infantry. 1685-1848. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1848.]
    Historical Record of The 13th, 1st Somersetshire, or Prince Albert's Light Infantry. By Thomas Carter. Illustrated. [London: Mitchell. 1867.]

Uniform.—Red and Yellow facings (in 1685); Scarlet with Buff facings (in 1742); Scarlet with White facings (present time).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Prince of Wales's Plume" (from 1876). Also "The White Horse," and Motto, "Nec aspera terrent" (from 1765). Also "The Royal Tiger" (for service in India 1807-31).

Nicknames, &c.—"The Old and Bold." "Calvert's Entire" (from 1806 to 1826 its Colonel was Sir Harry Calvert, at whose request the county title was changed in 1809. He had large estates in mid-Buckinghamshire, now represented by the Verneys). "The Powos."

Notes.—This regiment was one of the trio known in the 1793-95 Flanders campaign as "The Fighting Brigade." Characterised by the Earl of Albemarle as "composed of boys, but fine boys," they suffered heavily at Waterloo. The regiment was first raised in Kent.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 14th, or the Buckinghamshire Regiment. 1685-1845. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1845.]
    Historical Records of the 14th Regiment (now Prince of Wales's Own West Yorkshire). From its formation in 1685 to 1892. By Captain H. O'Donnell. With full-page coloured and other illustrations, and illustrations in the text. [Devonport: Swiss. 1893.]

Uniform.—Scarlet faced with Yellow (in 1685); Scarlet with White facings (present time).

Regimental Badge.—"The White Rose" (of York).

Nicknames.—"The Snappers," "The Poona Guards."

Notes.—This regiment is specially distinguished for West India service—note its repeated capture of Martinique and Guadaloupe during the campaigns against France.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 15th (East Yorkshire) Regiment. 1685-1848. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1848.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with White facings (in 1688); Scarlet and deep Yellow facings (in 1742); Scarlet and White facings (present time).

Regimental Badge.—"The United Red and White Rose."

Nicknames.—"The Old Bucks" (before 1809, when the county title was exchanged with the 14th). "The Peacemakers." "The Featherbeds."

Notes.—One of twelve regiments raised in 1688. It and the 17th Foot alone remain (1900).

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 16th, or Bedfordshire Regiment. 1688-1848. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1848.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with Greyish-white facings (1688-1790); Scarlet and White facings (from 1790).

Regimental Badge.—"The Royal Tiger within a Wreath," superscribed "Hindoostan" (for services in India from 1804-23).

Nicknames.—(1) "The Bengal Tigers" (from its badge); (2) "The Lily-whites" (from its facings).

Notes.—Mainly raised near London: twelve regiments in all were formed in 1688, but this and The 16th (The Bedfordshire) are alone in commission now.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 17th, or Leicestershire Regiment. 1688-1848. [London: Parker. 1848.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with Blue facings (from 1684).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Harp and Crown." Also "The Lion of Nassau," with Motto, "Virtutis Namurcensis Præmium"—"the reward of valour at Namur"—(both bestowed by William III. for prowess in assault at the siege of Namur). Also "The Sphinx," for Egypt (1801). Also "The Dragon," for China (1840-42). Also (till 1695) "The Cross of St. Patrick."

Notes.—The only regiment now in existence out of nineteen raised in Ireland from the Independent Garrison Companies of the Commonwealth.

Nicknames.—"Paddy's Blackguards," "The Namurs."

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 18th, or Royal Irish Regiment. 1684-1848. [London: Parker. 1848.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with Grass-Green facings (to 1881); Scarlet and White facings (since 1881). Recently (1900) the grass-green facings have been restored.

Regimental and other Badges.—"The White Rose" (of York) in the Regulations. Also a special device on various appointments—"H.R.H. the Princess of Wales's Cypher and Coronet, combined with a Cross"; on the cross, 1875.

Nicknames.—"The Green Howards," "Howard's Garbage," or "Howard's Greens," from its facings and Colonel's name (1738-48); also "The Bounders."

Notes.—Raised from independent companies of pikemen and musketeers in Devonshire.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 19th, or 1st Yorkshire, North Riding Regiment. 1688-1848. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1848.]
    The Nineteenth and their Times. By Colonel John Biddulph. [London: Murray. 1900.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and Pale Yellow (at formation); Scarlet and White (present time).

Regimental Badge.—"The Sphinx" with a laurel wreath surmounted by a Crown for "Egypt" (1801). Also (time uncertain) the Motto, "Omnia audax."

Nicknames.—"The Two Tens" (XXth). "The Minden Boys" (at Minden, in 1759, the regiment sported roses, obtained from a garden close by, in their hats; in memory of distinction then won, a custom still obtains of wearing "Minden Roses" every 1st of August). "Kingsley's Stand" (also from its conduct at Minden and its Colonel's name).

Notes.—Raised in Devonshire on the landing of William of Orange, afterwards William III.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 20th, or East Devonshire Regiment. 1688-1848. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1848.]
    Orders, Memoirs, &c., connected with The 20th Regiment. By Lieut. F. W. Barlow, 2nd Batt. 20th Regiment. [Minden Press. 1868.]
   History of The 20th Regiment. 1688-1888. By Lieutenant and Quartermaster B. Smyth, 1st Lancashire Fusiliers. [London: Simpkin Marshall & Co. 1889.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with Scarlet facings (1678-1712); Scarlet and Blue facings (from 1712).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Thistle within the Circle of St. Andrew," with the Motto, "Nemo me impune lacessit." Also "The Royal Cypher and Crown."

Nickname.—"The Earl of Mar's Grey-breeks" (from the colour of the breeches and its Colonel's name when raised).

Notes.—Armed, when raised, with fusils instead of muskets—hence its title. Formerly (1751) "The White Horse of Hanover" and Motto appeared on some appointments.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 21st, or Royal North British Fusiliers. 1678-1849. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1849.]
    Historical Record of The Royal Scots Fusiliers. 1678-1885. By James Clarke, late Sergeant Royal Scots Fusiliers. Illustrated. [Edinburgh: Banks & Co. 1885.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with Buff facings (in 1689); Scarlet and White facings (present time).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The United Red and White Rose" (this, though given in Army List, is not worn). Also "An Acorn and Oak Leaves."

Nicknames.—"The Two Twos" (22nd). "The Red Knights" (in 1795 it was served with red jackets, waistcoats, and breeches, instead of the proper uniform).

Notes.—First raised at Chester. At Hyderabad (1743) it captured seventeen standards.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 22nd, or Cheshire Regiment of Foot. 1689-1849. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1849.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (from 1688, the colour of facings being unknown, but probably Blue); Scarlet and Blue (from 1742).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Prince of Wales's Plume," with "Ich Dien." "The Rising Sun." "The Red Dragon." (The two last are ancient badges of the Princes of Wales.) Also "The White Horse" (of Hanover), with the Motto, "Nec aspera terrent." Also "The Sphinx" for "Egypt" (1801).

Nicknames.—"The Nanny Goats" and "The Royal Goats" (it has a goat as a regimental pet, which is led with garlanded horns and a shield at the head of the drums—how the custom arose is unknown).

Notes.—Raised in Wales. Its officers wear the "flash," a relic of the old queue. A leek is also worn in the cap on St. David's Day. Its title in 1714 was bestowed in honour of the Prince of Wales.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 23rd, or Royal Welsh Fusiliers. 1689-1850. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1850.]
    Historical Record of The Royal Welsh Fusiliers. By Major Rowland Broughton Mainwaring, Royal Welsh Fusiliers. Illustrated. [London: Hatchards. 1889.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and Green facings (till 1881): Scarlet and White facings (from 1881).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Sphinx," for "Egypt" (1801). Also "The Welsh Dragon" within a Laurel Wreath.

Nickname.—"Howard's Greens" (from 1717 till 1737, during which period its Colonel's name was Howard and its facings Green). Also (as with the Leicestershires—the 17th) "The Bengal Tigers" (having seen much service in India).

Bibliography.—Rambling Reminiscences of the Punjab Campaign, 1848-49; with a brief History of the 24th Regiment from 1689-1889. By Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew John Macpherson. [Chatham: Mackay. 1889.]
    Historical Records of The 24th Regiment. 1689-1892. With numerous coloured and other illustrations. Edited by Colonel George Paton, late 24th Regimental District; Colonel Farquhar Glennie, late 24th Foot; and Colonel William Penn Symons, late 24th Foot. [Devonport: Swiss. 1892.]

Uniform.—Scarlet, with deep Yellow facings (1689-1805); Scarlet and Blue facings (from 1805).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Royal Crest," with Motto, "In veritate Religionis confido" (conferred in 1805 by George III. on change of Title). Also "The Castle of Edinburgh," with Motto, "Nisi Dominus frustra" (the Regiment was raised to defend the City of Edinburgh). Also "The White Horse" (of Hanover), with Motto, "Nec aspera terrent." Also "The Sphinx," for "Egypt" (1801).

Nickname.—"The K.O.B.s" (its initials); also "The Botherers," and "The Kokky-Olly Birds."

Notes.—Said to have been raised to the number of 800 men in two hours. It captured two standards at Val (1747).

Bibliography.—Records of The King's Own Borderers, or Old Edinburgh Regiment. By Captain R. T. Higgins. [London: Chapman and Hall. 1873.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet and White facings (in 1689); Scarlet and Pale Yellow facings (in 1713); 2nd Batt., Scarlet and Buff (in 1794). Now Dark Green and Rifle Green for both Batts.

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Sphinx" with "Egypt" (for 1801). Also "The Dragon" (for China, 1840-42). See "Notes."

Nicknames, &c.—The old 26th (1st Batt.) was familiarly known as "The Scots," circa 1762; while the late 90th, when raised, was dubbed "The Perthshire Grey-breeks" (from the colour of their breeches).

Notes.—The 1st Batt. of The Cameronians trace a direct descent from the old "Cameronian Guard" of the "Lords of Convention," the name itself being derived from Richard Cameron, a famous preacher. The Cameronians, as a rifle corps, carry no colours—its honours are displayed on various appointments.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 26th, or Cameronian Regiment. By T. Carter. [London: Byfield, Stanford & Co. 1867.]
    Records of the 90th Regiment (Perthshire Light Infantry). With Roll of Officers from 1795 to 1800. By Captain A. L. Delavoye, 56th Foot (late 90th Light Infantry). [London: Richardson & Co. 1880.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet and Buff facings (in 1689). 2nd Batt., Scarlet and Yellow facings (in 1854). Both wear Scarlet and Blue facings at the present time.

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Castle of Inniskilling with St. George's Colours" (in recognition of the defence of the Castle of Inniskilling in 1691). Also "The White Horse" (of Hanover), with the Motto, "Nec aspera terrent" (for services during the Jacobite rising of 1715). Also "The Sphinx" for "Egypt" (1801).

Notes.—Formed from three Companies of the Inniskilling forces. It is unique in using the old Irish war-pipes. While employed on the Isthmus of Darien all but nine of six hundred men succumbed. For distinguished gallantry at St. Lucia, in 1696, it was directed that the French garrison in marching out should lay down their arms to the 27th, other marks of favour being likewise accorded to the officers and men of the regiment.

Nickname.—"The Lumps."

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 27th Inniskillings.
    A History of The 27th Regiment, now The 1st Battalion of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. From its formation in 1689 to 1893. Compiled by Lieut.-Col. C. J. Lloyd Davidson. Illustrated with coloured plates of costumes and other illustrations.

Uniform.—Scarlet and Yellow facings (1st Batt. in 1742), and Scarlet and Buff facings (2nd Batt. in 1758). Now Scarlet with White facings.

Regimental Badge.—"The Sphinx" for "Egypt," 1801. [The unique distinction of wearing the Regimental number both in front and at the back of the cap was bestowed on the old 28th for distinguished conduct at Alexandria (1801), having been then engaged with the enemy front and rear. "The Sphinx" is now so worn.]

Nicknames.—"The Old Braggs" (from its Colonel's name, 1734-51). Also "The Slashers" (the current stories to account for this sobriquet are mythical). "The Whitewashes" (of the 61st). "The Right-abouts."

Notes.—At Almanza the old 28th was all but cut to pieces: at Waterloo it captured a flag of the 25th French Infantry. The old 61st was formerly the 2nd Batt. of The 3rd Buffs, and so retained its Buff facings.

Bibliography.—Narrative of The Campaigns of The 28th Regiment. From 1862. By Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Cadell. [London: Whittaker. 1835.]
    Historical Records of The 28th, North Gloucestershire Regiment. 1692-1882. By Lieutenant-Colonel F. Brodigan. [London: Blackfriars Publishing Co. 1884.]
    Historical Record of The 61st or South Gloucestershire Regiment. 1758-1844. [London: Parker. 1844.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet with Yellow facings (in 1702); Scarlet with White facings (present time) for both Battalions. The old 36th Foot wore Scarlet with Green facings from 1742 to the time of the territorial re-arrangement, when all non-"Royal" regiments assumed "White" for their facings.

Regimental and other Badges.—"The United Red and White Rose" (since 1881). Also "Firm" (worn by the old 36th since, if not before, 1773, but why is not known).

Nicknames.—"The Ever-Sworded 29th" (supposed to date back to 1746, from a regimental usage that all officers wore their swords at mess; now confined to the Captain and Subaltern of the day). "The Old Bold" (of the 29th). "The Saucy Greens" (of the 36th Foot from their facings). "The Star (or Guard) of the Line." The "Vein-openers."

Notes.—The 29th captured a standard from the French at Talavera (1809). Its quick-step—the Royal Windsor March—was presented by the Princess Augusta.

Bibliography.—History of Thomas Farrington's Regiment; afterwards 29th (Worcestershire) Foot. 1694-1891. By Major H. Everard. [Worcester: Littlebury & Co. 1891.]
    Historical Records of The 3rd and 4th Battalions Worcestershire Regiment. By Captain R. Holden.
    Historical Records of The 36th, or Herefordshire Regiment. 1701-1852. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1853.]
    Historical Records of The 36th Regiment. 1852-81. [London: Mitchell. 1883.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Red with Yellow facings (the latter probably from formation, but certainly since 1742 till 1881 (?)). 2nd Batt., Red and Purple facings (in 1755); Scarlet and "lily"-White (in 1815). Now Scarlet and White facings for both Batts.

Regimental Badges.—"The Sphinx," for "Egypt" (1801): the honour was won by the 1st Batt. Also (since territorial re-organisation) "The Red Rose of Lancaster."

Nicknames.—1st Batt., "The Triple X's," or "The Three Tens" (the regimental number). 2nd Batt., "The Lily-Whites" (from the facings).

Bibliography.—Historical Records of The XXX Regiment. [London: Clowes. 1887.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet with Buff facings (when raised). 2nd Batt., Scarlet with Grey facings (1758-68); Scarlet and Black facings (1768). Both Batts. (from 1881), Scarlet with White facings.

Regimental and other Badges.—"The United Red and White Rose" was suggested for this as for other regiments when territorialised, and, though not used, still retains a place in official papers. Also "A Star and Arms of Guildford"—these are the old badges of the Militia battalions.

Nicknames, &c.—"The Young Buffs" (of the late 31st, King George II. having, through the similarity of the facings, mistaken it at Dettingen for the 3rd (or "Old ") Buffs). "The Glasgow Greys" (of the late 70th), from its facings and many Glasgow men serving in its ranks.

Notes.—On its way to Bengal in 1824, part of the old 31st was on board the East Indiaman Kent when burnt in the Bay of Biscay. It specially distinguished itself in the Sikh War by capturing a colour at Ferozeshah, another at Aliwal, and two more at Sobraon.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 31st (or Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot. 1702-1850. With Services of the Marine Corps, 1664-1748. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1850.]
   Historical Record of The 70th Surrey Regiment of Foot. 1758-1848. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1849.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet with White facings (at formation as now). 2nd Batt., Scarlet with Yellow facings (in 1741: the latter now White as with all non-"Royal" regiments).

Regimental and other Badges.—Officially, "The United Red and White Rose," but not worn. On appointments various special devices—combining "A Bugle with Strings," "The Coronet of the Duke of Cornwall," "The County Badge," with Motto, "One and All," "A Turreted Archway," and "Two Feathers" (red). [The "Turreted Archway" commemorates the defence of "Lucknow;" and the "Two Red Feathers" is a distinction of the 46th, a Light company of which, in 1777, with others were brigaded as "The Light Battalion." The Americans were so harassed by the Brigade that they vowed "No Quarter." In derision, to prevent mistakes, The Light Battalion dyed their feathers red: the 46th Foot alone has retained the distinction.]

Nicknames, &c.—These pertain to the late 46th: "Murray's Bucks" (from Colonel's name [1743-64] and its smart appearance on home duty in Scottish Royal livery). "The Surprisers" (from an incident [1777] in the American War). "The Lacedemonians" (its Colonel once, when under heavy fire, made a disciplinarian speech concerning the Lacedemonians). Also, in early days, "The Edinburgh Regiment." "The Red Feathers." "The Docs" (the initials).

Bibliography.—Historical Records of The 32nd (Cornwall) Light Infantry, now 1st Battalion Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry. 1702-1892. By Colonel G. C. Swiney. [Devonport: Swiss. 1893.]

Uniform.—Scarlet (or Red) with Scarlet facings for both regiments till the introduction of the territorial system. Now Scarlet, faced with White.

Regimental and other Badges.—(1) "The Crest and Motto of the Duke of Wellington" (the 33rd was the first regiment commanded by "The Hero of Waterloo," and is the only corps in the British Army named after a subject); also (2) "The Elephant" to the 76th for valour in India. In 1808 The East India Company presented it with honorary colours: in conjunction with the 8th Hussars it captured 44 standards and 72 guns at Leswarree (1803).

Nicknames, &c.—1st Batt., "Havercake Lads" (the recruiting sergeants, circa 1782, carried oaten cakes on their sword-points when beating up). 2nd Batt., "The Immortals" (from most of its men having been wounded in Lake's Campaigns). "The Pigs" (from its "Elephant" badge). "The Old Seven and Sixpennies" (from its number, and the amount of a lieutenant's pay).

Uniform.—1st Batt., Red (or Scarlet) with bright Yellow facings (when raised); the latter changed to White when territorialised in 1881; 2nd Batt., Red and Dark Green facings (1755); Scarlet with White facings (present time).

Regimental and other Badges.—"A Laurel Wreath" (an old 34th Badge for services at Fontenoy: see Notes). Also "The Dragon of China" (to the 55th); the two are variously combined for different appointments.

Nickname.—"The Two Fives" (to the 55th, for its number; cf. "The Two XX's" = the late 20th).

Notes.—A red and white pompon, or tuft, was formerly worn by the 34th in recognition of the capture of the 34th French Infantry at Arroyo-dos-Molinos. The Royal Arms appear in the lace of the drummers' coats in memory of Fontenoy: see Badges.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 34th (The Cumberland) Regiment of Foot. 1702-1844. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1844.]
    Historical Account of The 34th and 55th Regiments. By George Noakes, Quartermaster-Sergeant, 2nd Brigade Depôt. [Carlisle: Thurnam & Sons. 1875.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet with Orange facings (1701-1832, the Orange being changed to Blue on proceeding to Ireland). 2nd Batt., Scarlet with White facings. Scarlet with Blue facings for both Batts. (present time).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The United Red and White Rose." Also (though approved not in Army List) "A White Feather" (see Notes), "A Maltese Cross" (see Notes), and "The Centre of The Star of the Garter," combined.

Nickname.—"The Orange Lilies" (from its facings and white plume).

Notes.—"The White Plume," worn till 1800, and now included in the regimental badge, was worn at Quebec, being taken from The Royal Roussillon French Grenadiers; while "The Maltese Cross" is in memory of the capture of Malta. The Regiment was also at one time known as "The Prince of Orange's Own," having received its facings as a mark of favour.

Bibliography.—Historical Memoir of The 35th Royal Sussex Regiment. By Richard Trimen, late Captain 35th Foot. [Southampton. 1873.]

Uniform.—Scarlet with Yellow facings (both Batts. till Territorialisation changed the facings, as in all non-"Royal" regiments, to White).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Royal Tiger in a Laurel-Wreath" (to the 67th for "India"). Also "The Hampshire Rose" on some appointments (Henry V., when en route to Agincourt, conferred the Lancastrian Rose on the City of Winchester).

Bibliography.—Annals of The 37th North Hampshire Regiment. [Winchester: Warren. 1878.]
    Historical Record of The 67th, or South Hampshire Regiment. 1758-1849. [London: Parker. 1849.]
    Regimental Orders. By Lieutenant R. W. Barlow. [London: 1868.]
    Colburn's United Service Magazine. January-February, 1874, and August, 1882.

Uniform.—Both Battalions Scarlet and Yellow facings (on formation); Scarlet with White facings (present time).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Sphinx," for "Egypt" (1801). Also "The Staffordshire Knot" (an ancient royal borough badge).

Nicknames.—"The Pump and Tortoise" (of the 38th). Also "The Staffordshire Knots" (of the 80th).

Notes.—The late 80th captured a gun at Ferozeshah (1845).

Uniform.—1st and 2nd Batts., Scarlet with Green facings (at formation); Scarlet with White facings (present time).

Regimental and other Badges, &c.—The motto, "Primus in Indis" (the 39th Foot was the first King's Regiment to serve in India). Also "The Castle, Key, and Motto"—"Mortis Insignia Calpe" (for defence of Gibraltar—1779-83). Also the "Marabout Sphinx" for "Egypt" (1801)—at this battle a gun, now at Woolwich, was captured by the 54th.

Nicknames, &c.—"Sankey's Horse" (of the 39th, 1707, from its Colonel's name, and a tradition that to expedite its march to Almanza it was mounted on mules). Also (circa 1742) "The Green Linnets" (from its pea-green facings).

Notes.—The 39th captured four guns and two standards at Maharajpore in 1843.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 39th, or Dorsetshire Regiment of Foot. 1702-1853. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1853.]
    Records of the 54th West Norfolk Regiment. [Roorkee: Thomason. 1851.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet with Buff facings (1717). 2nd Batt., Scarlet and Yellow facings (1793). Both Batts., at present time, Scarlet with White facings.

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Prince of Wales's Plume" (the Colonel of the 82nd when raised was attached to the household of the Prince of Wales). Also "The Sphinx" for "Egypt" (1801—to the 40th Foot).

Nickname.—"The Excellers" (of the 40th (XL.) Foot). "The Fighting Fortieth."

Notes.—The 40th captured four standards at Maharajpore (1843).

Bibliography.—A Short Record of the 1st Battalion Prince of Wales's Volunteers, (South Lancashire Regiment), formerly the 40th (2nd Somersetshire) Regiment. By Captain R. H. Raymond-Smithies, 1st Batt. Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment). [Jersey: 1891.]
    Historical Records of the 40th (2nd Somersetshire) Regiment, now 1st Battalion Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment), from its formation in 1717 to 1893. With many coloured plates and other illustrations. By Captain R. H. Raymond-Smithies, 1st Batt. Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment). [Devonport: Swiss. 1894.]
    Historical Record of the 82nd Regiment (or Prince of Wales's Volunteers). By Major Jarvis, 82nd Regiment. [London: Mitchell. 1866.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet with Blue facings (1719-82); Scarlet with Scarlet facings (1782-1822); Scarlet with White facings (from 1822). 2nd Batt., Scarlet with Green facings (from 1758). 1st and 2nd Batts., Scarlet and White facings (present time).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Rose and Thistle on the same stalk within the Garter." Also "The Prince of Wales's Plume," with the motto, "Gwell angua na Chywilydd" (received with its title in 1822). Also "The Royal Cypher with the Imperial Crown." The foregoing are recognised in the Army List, but "The Dragon of Wales" also appears on some appointments.

Nicknames.—At St. Vincent (1797) Nelson dubbed the detachment of the 69th, serving as Marines, his "Old Agamemnons." "The Ups and Downs" (of the late 69th)—the number can be read either way. "Wardour's Horse."

Notes.—Since its return from India in 1826 the 69th had been unfortunate enough to miss every chance of active service until sent to South Africa in 1900.

Bibliography.—A Narrative of the Historical Events connected with the 69th Regiment. By W. F. Butler, 69th Regiment. [London: Mitchell. 1870.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., 1725 to 1739, the Highland dress with the tartans of the respective captains; 1739 to 1758, Red with Buff facings and "the 42nd tartan"; 1758 to present time, Red with Dark Blue facings. 2nd Batt., as the 42nd, and also as the 73rd, the Highland garb and "42nd tartan" were long in wear. Subsequently (circa 1786) Scarlet, with Dark Green facings, was adopted.

Regimental Badges.—"The Royal Cypher within the Garter." The badge and motto of the Order of the Thistle. Also (in each of the four corners) the Royal Cypher ensigned with the Imperial Crown. Also "The Sphinx" (for Egypt, 1801).

Notes.—The 1st Battalion of this famous corps, the oldest Highland regiment in the British army, was raised (circa 1725-29) from six Independent companies of Highlanders. Its sombre dress of black, blue, and green tartan gave rise to its popular name. To enumerate its services is simply to narrate the military history of Great Britain since the early part of the last century. Hardly a campaign has been conducted, or a battle fought, in which the Black Watch—one battalion or the other, or both in company—has not participated; always with bravery, and frequently with conspicuous gallantry. Thereto its record of services abundantly testifies. At Fontenoy, Ticonderoga, and at Bushy Run "extraordinary" and "unexampled" gallantry was shown. It received Royal distinction in its change of title in 1758, and was privileged to wear the red heckle in the bonnet, in recognition of its conduct at the battle of Guildermalsen in 1795. In Egypt (in 1801, for which it bears "The Sphinx"), before Alexandria, it captured the Standard of the French Invincible Legion. Since then it has heaped fame on fame, and added "honour" to "honour" to its Colours. Nor has the 2nd Battalion (raised in Perthshire in 1758 as the 2nd Battalion of the 42nd, but, renumbered, long known as the 73rd prior to the territorial restoration of the ancient status) failed to win fresh laurels as occasion arose. At Mangalore (1783) against Tippoo Sahib, and side by side with the senior battalion at Waterloo, in the Netherlands, in the Indian Mutiny, and in the Kaffir wars of 1846-53, it has worthily sustained the undying fame of the regiment. Recent events in South Africa show that neither the officers nor the men of to-day have lost one iota of that traditional dash, determination, and bravery which have won for the Black Watch so glorious a place in British military annals.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of the 42nd, or Royal Highland Regiment of Foot. 1729-1844. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1845.]
    Chronology and Book of Days of the 42nd Royal Highlanders, The Black Watch. 1729-1874. [Edinburgh: Elgin and Son. 1874.]
    Historical Record of the 73rd Regiment. 1780-1851. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1851.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet with White facings (from formation). 2nd Batt., Scarlet with Buff facings (till territorialised in 1881, when it came into line with all non-"Royal" regiments, and the facings were changed to White).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The United Red and White Rose" (in Army List). A special badge on various appointments consists of a combination of "A Bugle with Strings," a "Laurel Wreath," and "A Crown" (see Button).

Nickname.—"The Light Bobs" (of the late 43rd).

Notes.—It will be noticed that the two regiments now linked as The Oxfordshire Light Infantry have frequently fought side by side with distinction.

Bibliography.—Historical Records of The 43rd Regiment (Monmouthshire Light Infantry). To 1867. By Sir Richard J. A. Levinge, Bart. [London: Clowes. 1868.]
    Historical Record of The 52nd (Oxfordshire Light Infantry). By W. S. Moorsom, late Captain 52nd Light Infantry. [London: Bentley. 1860.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet with Yellow facings (from 1741 till territorialised, when White facings were substituted). 2nd Batt., Scarlet with Crimson facings (from 1741-64); Scarlet with Purple facings (from 1764 to 1881: see Nicknames).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Castle and Key" and Motto, "Montis Insignia Calpe" (for defence of Gibraltar by the 56th). Also "The Sphinx" for "Egypt" (1801—by the 44th). Also, though not in Army List, "The County Arms."

Nicknames, &c.—"The Two Fours" (of the 44th). "The Little Fighting Fours" (the regiment saw hard service in the Peninsula, and its men were of small average stature). "The Pompadours" and "Saucy Pompeys." (Tradition relates that when the facings were changed in 1764 (the crimson not wearing well) the Colonel desired Blue, but, the authorities objecting, he chose Purple, a favourite colour of Madame de Pompadour, a mistress of Louis XV. of France.)

Notes.—The 44th captured an Eagle of The 62nd French Infantry at Salamanca.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 44th, or East Essex Regiment of Foot. Illustrated. [London: Mitchell. 1864.]
    Historical Record of The 44th, or East Essex Regiment. By T. Carter. 2nd Edition. Illustrated. [Chatham: Gale and Polden. 1887.]
    Historical Record of The 56th, or West Essex Regiment. 1755-1844. Illustrated. [London: Parker. 1844.]

Uniform.—Scarlet, with Green facings (1st Batt.), and Scarlet with Yellow facings (2nd Batt.), from formation in 1741 and 1823 respectively until territorialised. The facings are now White.

Regimental and other Badges.—In the Army List "The United Red and White Rose." Also in various combinations, "A Maltese Cross surmounted by a Crown; a White Stag (the municipal arms of Derby) within a Wreath."

Nickname.—"The Old Stubborns" (of the 45th Foot, during the Peninsular Campaigns).

Notes.—The 45th captured a French flag at the storming of Badajos.

Bibliography.—The 95th (The Derbyshire) Regiment in the Crimea. By Major H. C. Wylly. [London: Sonnenschein, 1900.]

Uniform.—Scarlet and White facings (1st Batt.) and Scarlet with Buff facings (2nd Batt.) from formation; both battalions have White facings at present time.

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Red Rose of Lancaster." Also "The King's (or Royal) Crest of England" (which is also the badge of the Duchy of Lancaster, and is said to have been conferred on the 47th when raised in Scotland). Also on some appointments "The Arms of the City of Lincoln."

Nicknames, &c.—"Wolfe's Own" (of the 47th at Quebec—the black worm in the gold lace, as now worn, is in memory of the Hero of Quebec). "The Cauliflowers" (of the 47th, in allusion to its white facings, an unusual colour when the corps was raised). "The Lancashire Lads" (also of the 47th—from its county title).

Notes.—This is the only regiment entitled "Loyal," but the term was originally applied, not to the Lancashire, but to the Lincoln battalion. When raised the Lincoln Militia volunteered in a body.

Bibliography.—Historical Record of The 81st Regiment, or Loyal Lincoln Volunteers. 1793-1872. [Gibraltar, 1872.]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Red (afterwards Scarlet) with Buff facings (from 1741 to 1881). 2nd Batt., Scarlet with White (or Buff) facings (1755-1767); Scarlet with Black facings (1767-1881). The facings for both battalions are now White.

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Castle and Key," with the motto, "Montis Insignia Calpe" (for the defence of Gibraltar by the 58th). Also "The Sphinx," for "Egypt" (1801—also an honour of the 58th).

Nicknames.—"The Black Cuffs" (from the facings of the 58th in 1767). Also "The Steel Backs."

Notes.—It was declared of The 48th that they saved the day at Talavera by their "advance, position, and steadiness"—hence "Talavera" on the helmet and waist-plates.

Uniform.—Scarlet (or Red) with Green facings (both Batts. when raised); Scarlet with Blue facings (present time).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Dragon" (for China). Also (on Helmet-plate, not mentioned in Army List) "A Stag under a Tree" (an old badge of the Militia Battalion).

Notes.—Raised in Jamaica from Volunteer Companies left in the Island in 1714. For distinction in the American War (1776) the "Grenadier Company" wore a white feather with a black tip, and the "Light Company" a red heckle. Its title in 1816 was bestowed for services to the Princess at Weymouth. The 2nd Battalion (as the 66th Foot) was part of the St. Helena Garrison during the exile of the Emperor Napoleon I.

Bibliography.—The 66th Berkshire Regiment. By J. Percy Groves. [Reading: Beecroft. 1887]

Uniform.—1st Batt., Scarlet with Scarlet facings (1755-67); Scarlet with Black facings (1767-1831); Scarlet with Blue facings (from 1831). 2nd Batt., Scarlet with Sky-blue facings (on formation in 1824).

Regimental and other Badges.—"The Sphinx" for "Egypt" (1801). The Motto "Quo fas et gloria ducunt" ("Whither right and glory lead"), borne by the late 97th. Also, on appointments, "The Royal Crest"; "The White Horse of Kent" with "Invicta" (adopted since territorialisation). Also (formerly), "The White Horse of Hanover" (in common with many line Regiments).

Nicknames.—"The Blind Half-Hundred" (of the late 50th, many of its men suffering severely from ophthalmia in Egypt, 1801). "The Dirty Half-Hundred" (at Vimiera, where the 50th fought with much distinction; Major Napier wrote their faces were "begrimed with powder as black as their own lapels"). "The Devil's Royals" (also of the 50th). "The Gallant Fiftieth" (this sobriquet was likewise bestowed for gallantry at Vimiera, 900 "tumbling down on Laborde's division of French [5,300 strong] amidst a fearful war-cry, and with a shock that nothing could withstand"—so also wrote Major Napier). "The Celestials" (from the Sky-blue facings of the 97th raised by the Earl of Ulster, the colour being that of the ribbon of the Order of St. Patrick).

Notes.—Its county connection apparently dates from the time of the American War, when its Colonel was one of the distinguished Kentish Wilson family, who also have been intimately connected with the Kentish Militia.

Bibliography.—The History of The 50th (The Queen's Own) Regiment. From the earliest date to the year 1881. By Colonel Fyler. Coloured illustrations, maps, and plans. [London: Chapman and Hall. 1895.]