Ultimatum de 11 de Janeiro, por Antero de Quental

{5}

Entre as manifestações patrioticas que provocou no nosso paiz o nefando e negrejado ultimatum de 11 de janeiro de 1890, data que assignala para a Inglaterra uma das paginas mais torpes e baixas de sua existencia, quasi toda entretecida de villanias, foi uma das mais notaveis, pela distincta collaboração que teve de muitos dos homens{6} mais preeminentes do nosso paiz, e por n'elle se evidenciarem diversos escriptores de cunho do estrangeiro, o numero unico do Anathema, publicado em Coimbra, no mez de junho d'esse anno de 1890, pelos srs. Antonio Vaz de Macedo e Arthur Pinto da Rocha, e por elles dedicado a seus collegas os==Estudantes Portuguezes.==Sahido dos prélos da Imprensa Independencia, em formato in-folio, conta 47 paginas em bom papel-cartão laminado, nitidamente impressas, e tendo por collaboradores artisticos Raphael Bordallo Pinheiro, Nicola Bibaglia e L. Battistini, entre os nomes de seus numerosos collaboradores litterarios registra os de Anthero de Quental, Raphael Labra, Joaquim de Araujo, Visconde de Seabra,{7} Cesare Lombroso, Jean Fichepin, João Penha, Emilia Pardo Bázan, Silva Pinto, Enrico Ferri, Manoel Duarte d'Almeida, Gumerzindo de Azcárate, Juliette Adam, Gomes Leal, Pi y Margall, Oliveira Martins, F. Giner, Camillo Castello Branco, D. João da Camara, Auguste Vacquerie, Alves Mendes, Maria Amalia Vaz de Carvalho, Rodrigues de Freitas, Fernandes Costa, Bernardino Machado, José Julio Rodrigues, Joaquim Alves Matheus, Bulhão Pato, Eduardo de Amicis, João de Deus, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, Teophilo Braga, Fialho de Almeida, P.^e Barroso, Thomaz Ribeiro, Eugéne Guyon, Consiglieri Pedroso, R. de Campoamor, Eça de Queiroz, Clovis Hugues, Guerra Junqueiro etc.{8}

Abre o n.º Anthero de Quental com o artigo que em segida vae, e termina-o Clovis Hugues, o eminente poeta e democrata francez, com uns formosos e esplendidos, versos Á la jeunesse portugaise.

Rodrigo Velloso{9}

ULTIMATUM DE 11 DE JANEIRO

Há no grande movimento nacional, que começou no dia 11 de janeiro, um elemento affirmativo, que é a intensa paixão patriotica do povo portuguez, e um elemento negativo, o descredito das nossas instituições politicas, das praticas de governo e dos homens governantes. Se o primeiro é uma inequivoca{10} manifestação da vitalidade nacional, manifestação bem consoladora para todos os que já começavam a descrer da alma collectiva d'este povo, o segundo é o symptoma d'um estado morbido do organismo social, symptoma tão grave que bem se póde dizer que sobreleva em importancia a todos os outros, aos olhos dos verdadeiros pensadores. Emquanto subsistir este lamentavel divorcio entre o sentimento nacional e o Estado, que por natureza deveria ser o seu orgão, faltará sempre á nação portugueza a primeira condição para o seu perfeito estabelecimento, a qual é o accordo intimo entre o povo e os seus governantes. Sem este accordo, o movimento nacional tomará cada vez mais um caracter incoherente e desordenado, e descambará finalmente n'uma verdadeira anarchia.

É pois necessario que esse funesto divorcio, preparado por trinta annos de{11} materialismo politico, cesse e se restabeleça a intima e indispensavel unidade moral da nação. Mas como? Pela revolução? Seria essa a maior das calamidades. Como então? Pela constituição dos orgãos genuinos do sentimento nacional, semelhantes á Liga Patriotica do Norte, que definindo a pura opinião patriotica e reformadora da nação, a imponham aos governos, quaesquer que elles sejam, e obriguem a Estado a converter-se á sua verdadeira missão de representante e interprete do sentimento nacional. Moralisar e nacionalizar o Estado, tal deve ser depois de passado o primeiro impeto da paixão, o fim consciente do movimento popular iniciado no dia 11 de janeiro. Quando a nação portugueza tiver governos que verdadeiramente a representem e nos quaes confie, quando o Estado voltar a ser um orgão util e não uma excrescencia parasita e nociva{12} do corpo social, só então poderemos dizer que está dado o primeiro passo no caminho da restauração das forças vitaes da sociedade portugueza.

Fevereiro, 1890.

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ULTIMATUM DE 11 DE JANEIRO

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